BR0010170A - Alquilação gradual de aminas poliméricas - Google Patents
Alquilação gradual de aminas poliméricasInfo
- Publication number
- BR0010170A BR0010170A BR0010170-2A BR0010170A BR0010170A BR 0010170 A BR0010170 A BR 0010170A BR 0010170 A BR0010170 A BR 0010170A BR 0010170 A BR0010170 A BR 0010170A
- Authority
- BR
- Brazil
- Prior art keywords
- polymers
- membranes
- base
- acid
- gradual
- Prior art date
Links
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 title abstract 3
- 230000029936 alkylation Effects 0.000 title abstract 2
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 abstract 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract 5
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract 3
- 238000000502 dialysis Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 2
- 125000000467 secondary amino group Chemical group [H]N([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 abstract 2
- 125000001302 tertiary amino group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 2
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract 1
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000001350 alkyl halides Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920005601 base polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000005595 deprotonation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010537 deprotonation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000909 electrodialysis Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920001477 hydrophilic polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001728 nano-filtration Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B13/00—Diaphragms; Spacing elements
- C25B13/04—Diaphragms; Spacing elements characterised by the material
- C25B13/08—Diaphragms; Spacing elements characterised by the material based on organic materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/66—Polymers having sulfur in the main chain, with or without nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only
- B01D71/68—Polysulfones; Polyethersulfones
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/76—Macromolecular material not specifically provided for in a single one of groups B01D71/08 - B01D71/74
- B01D71/80—Block polymers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/76—Macromolecular material not specifically provided for in a single one of groups B01D71/08 - B01D71/74
- B01D71/82—Macromolecular material not specifically provided for in a single one of groups B01D71/08 - B01D71/74 characterised by the presence of specified groups, e.g. introduced by chemical after-treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G65/34—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives
- C08G65/48—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G75/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing sulfur with or without nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G75/20—Polysulfones
- C08G75/23—Polyethersulfones
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L81/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing sulfur with or without nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only; Compositions of polysulfones; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L81/06—Polysulfones; Polyethersulfones
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/102—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
- H01M8/1027—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having carbon, oxygen and other atoms, e.g. sulfonated polyethersulfones [S-PES]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/102—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
- H01M8/1032—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having sulfur, e.g. sulfonated-polyethersulfones [S-PES]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/20—Indirect fuel cells, e.g. fuel cells with redox couple being irreversible
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1009—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with one of the reactants being liquid, solid or liquid-charged
- H01M8/1011—Direct alcohol fuel cells [DAFC], e.g. direct methanol fuel cells [DMFC]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Polymers With Sulfur, Phosphorus Or Metals In The Main Chain (AREA)
- Conductive Materials (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Polyethers (AREA)
- Other Resins Obtained By Reactions Not Involving Carbon-To-Carbon Unsaturated Bonds (AREA)
Abstract
"ALQUILAçãO GRADUAL DE AMINAS POLIMéRICAS". A presente invenção se refere ao seguinte: um método para alquilação gradual de aminas poliméricas primárias, através de desprotonação gradual com uma base organometálica e uma subsequente reação com um halogeneto de alquila; um método para modificar as aminas poliméricas terciárias inventivas com outros grupos funcionais; polímeros com grupos amino secundário e terciário e grupos de amónio quaternário; polímeros com grupos amino secundário e terciário e outros grupos funcionais, especialmente grupos trocadores de cátion; membranas consistindo dos polímeros acima, estas membranas sendo não-reticuladas, ionicamente reticuladas ou covalentemente reticuladas; um método para produção de misturas de ácido-base/membranas de mistura de ácido-base, consistindo dos polímeros básicos inventivos com polímeros contendo grupos de ácido sulfónico, ácido fosfónico ou carboxila; misturas de ácido-base/membranas de misturas de ácido-base da invenção, em que as ditas misturas/membranas de misturas podem ser também covalentemente reticuladas; uso dos polímeros trocadores de íons inventivos como membranas em processos de membranas, por exemplo, em células de combustíveis de memebrana de eletrólito de polímero, células diretas de combustível de metanol, em baterias redox e em eletrodiálise; uso dos polímeros hidrofílicos inventivos como membranas em diálise e osmose reversa, nanofiltração, diálise de difusão, permeação de gás, permeação-evaporação e permeação-extração.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19919708A DE19919708A1 (de) | 1999-04-30 | 1999-04-30 | Stufenweise Alkylierung von polymeren Aminen |
PCT/EP2000/003914 WO2000066254A1 (de) | 1999-04-30 | 2000-05-02 | Stufenweise alkylierung von polymeren aminen |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
BR0010170A true BR0010170A (pt) | 2002-01-15 |
Family
ID=7906422
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
BR0010170-2A BR0010170A (pt) | 1999-04-30 | 2000-05-02 | Alquilação gradual de aminas poliméricas |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7132496B2 (pt) |
EP (1) | EP1175254A1 (pt) |
JP (2) | JP2002543244A (pt) |
KR (1) | KR100749156B1 (pt) |
CN (1) | CN1212177C (pt) |
AU (1) | AU779428B2 (pt) |
BR (1) | BR0010170A (pt) |
CA (1) | CA2371967A1 (pt) |
DE (1) | DE19919708A1 (pt) |
IL (2) | IL146208A0 (pt) |
WO (1) | WO2000066254A1 (pt) |
ZA (1) | ZA200109818B (pt) |
Families Citing this family (47)
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DE10054233A1 (de) * | 2000-05-19 | 2002-05-08 | Univ Stuttgart Lehrstuhl Und I | Kovalent vernetzte Kompositmembranen |
DE10024576A1 (de) * | 2000-05-19 | 2001-11-22 | Univ Stuttgart | Kovalent und ionisch vernetzte Polymere und Polymermembranen |
DE10024575A1 (de) * | 2000-11-02 | 2001-11-22 | Univ Stuttgart | Kovalent vernetzte Polymere und Polymermembranen via Sulfinatalkylierung |
CN1297590C (zh) * | 2000-05-23 | 2007-01-31 | Ge奥斯莫尼克斯公司 | 改性磺酰胺聚合物 |
US20020161174A1 (en) | 2001-02-15 | 2002-10-31 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | Aromatic polymer phosphonic acid derivative and process for production the same |
WO2003050169A2 (de) * | 2001-05-21 | 2003-06-19 | Haering Thomas | Kovalent vernetzte kompositmembranen |
TWI236486B (en) | 2001-10-10 | 2005-07-21 | Mitsui Chemicals Inc | Crosslinkable aromatic resin having protonic acid group, and ion conductive polymer membrane, binder and fuel cell using the resin |
JP3951225B2 (ja) * | 2001-10-11 | 2007-08-01 | ソニー株式会社 | プロトン伝導体及びその製造方法、並びに電気化学デバイス |
KR100933647B1 (ko) | 2002-01-15 | 2009-12-23 | 스미또모 가가꾸 가부시끼가이샤 | 고분자 전해질 조성물 및 이의 용도 |
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JP4604259B2 (ja) * | 2004-08-03 | 2011-01-05 | 独立行政法人 日本原子力研究開発機構 | 架橋した燃料電池電解質膜部材及びその製造方法 |
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US20060128930A1 (en) * | 2004-12-03 | 2006-06-15 | Ashish Dhawan | Synthesis of sterically hindered phenol based macromolecular antioxidants |
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US7705185B2 (en) | 2005-03-25 | 2010-04-27 | Polnox Corporation | Alkylated and polymeric macromolecular antioxidants and methods of making and using the same |
EP1966293A1 (en) | 2005-10-27 | 2008-09-10 | Polnox Corporation | Stabilized polyolefin compositions |
WO2007050985A2 (en) | 2005-10-27 | 2007-05-03 | Polnox Corporation | Macromolecular antioxidants based on stξrically hindered phenolic phosphites |
EP1963468A1 (en) | 2005-12-02 | 2008-09-03 | Polnox Corporation | Lubricant oil compositions |
WO2008005358A2 (en) | 2006-07-06 | 2008-01-10 | Polnox Corporation | Novel macromolecular antioxidants comprising differing antioxidant moieties: structures, methods of making and using the same |
US7767853B2 (en) | 2006-10-20 | 2010-08-03 | Polnox Corporation | Antioxidants and methods of making and using the same |
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US20110168631A1 (en) * | 2006-12-15 | 2011-07-14 | General Electric Company | Methods and apparatuses for water filtration using polyarylether membranes |
JP5162903B2 (ja) * | 2007-01-10 | 2013-03-13 | 富士通株式会社 | アニオン交換型電解質組成物、固体電解質膜および燃料電池 |
WO2009076064A1 (en) | 2007-12-06 | 2009-06-18 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Electret webs with charge-enhancing additives |
US7765698B2 (en) * | 2008-06-02 | 2010-08-03 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Method of making electret articles based on zeta potential |
KR101577089B1 (ko) | 2008-06-02 | 2015-12-11 | 쓰리엠 이노베이티브 프로퍼티즈 컴파니 | 전하 증대 첨가제를 갖는 일렉트릿 웨브 |
US7985339B2 (en) * | 2008-08-25 | 2011-07-26 | General Electric Company | Polyarylether compositions bearing zwitterion functionalities |
JP5111349B2 (ja) * | 2008-12-12 | 2013-01-09 | 株式会社トクヤマ | 改質炭化水素系陽イオン交換膜およびその製造方法 |
US9242243B2 (en) * | 2009-09-24 | 2016-01-26 | Georgia Tech Research Corporation | Anion exchange polyelectrolytes |
JP6008870B2 (ja) * | 2010-12-12 | 2016-10-19 | ベン‐グリオン ユニバーシティ オブ ザ ネゲヴ リサーチ アンド デベロップメント オーソリティ | 陰イオン交換膜、その調製方法および用途 |
US8752714B2 (en) | 2011-03-01 | 2014-06-17 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Sulfonated poly (aryl ether) membrane including blend with phenyl amine compound |
US8829060B2 (en) | 2011-03-01 | 2014-09-09 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Sulfonated poly(aryl ether) membrane including blend with phenol compound |
DE102013203129A1 (de) * | 2013-02-26 | 2014-08-28 | Wacker Chemie Ag | Asymmetrisch poröse Membranen aus vernetztem thermoplastischem Siliconelastomer |
CN103285745A (zh) * | 2013-05-20 | 2013-09-11 | 燕山大学 | N-氨乙基-γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷–二乙烯三胺五乙酸/聚偏氟乙烯交换膜的制备方法 |
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CN105664736A (zh) * | 2016-01-11 | 2016-06-15 | 天津师范大学 | 含有铵根和膦酸根两性离子基团的聚合物共混物及其制备方法 |
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CN112108019A (zh) * | 2019-06-21 | 2020-12-22 | 江苏宜青众博节能环保技术研究院有限公司 | 一种单价选择性阳离子交换膜及其制备方法 |
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KR100543818B1 (ko) * | 1998-04-18 | 2006-01-23 | 우니베르지테트 슈트트가르트 | 산-염기 중합체 블렌드 및 멤브레인 공정에 있어서의이들의 용도 |
DE19817376A1 (de) * | 1998-04-18 | 1999-10-21 | Univ Stuttgart Lehrstuhl Und I | Säure-Base-Polymerblends und ihre Verwendung in Membranprozessen |
DE19817374A1 (de) * | 1998-04-18 | 1999-10-21 | Univ Stuttgart Lehrstuhl Und I | Engineering-Ionomerblends und Engineering-Ionomermembranen |
DE19836514A1 (de) * | 1998-08-12 | 2000-02-17 | Univ Stuttgart | Modifikation von Engineeringpolymeren mit N-basischen Gruppe und mit Ionenaustauschergruppen in der Seitenkette |
DE10024576A1 (de) * | 2000-05-19 | 2001-11-22 | Univ Stuttgart | Kovalent und ionisch vernetzte Polymere und Polymermembranen |
-
1999
- 1999-04-30 DE DE19919708A patent/DE19919708A1/de active Pending
-
2000
- 2000-05-02 IL IL14620800A patent/IL146208A0/xx active IP Right Grant
- 2000-05-02 CA CA002371967A patent/CA2371967A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-05-02 WO PCT/EP2000/003914 patent/WO2000066254A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 2000-05-02 JP JP2000615131A patent/JP2002543244A/ja active Pending
- 2000-05-02 BR BR0010170-2A patent/BR0010170A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-05-02 CN CNB008098468A patent/CN1212177C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-05-02 AU AU18238/01A patent/AU779428B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2000-05-02 EP EP00938622A patent/EP1175254A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-05-02 KR KR1020017013910A patent/KR100749156B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2001
- 2001-10-29 IL IL146208A patent/IL146208A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-10-30 US US09/984,488 patent/US7132496B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-11-29 ZA ZA200109818A patent/ZA200109818B/xx unknown
-
2010
- 2010-07-05 JP JP2010153501A patent/JP2011026592A/ja active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2011026592A (ja) | 2011-02-10 |
DE19919708A1 (de) | 2001-03-01 |
US20020103306A1 (en) | 2002-08-01 |
AU1823801A (en) | 2002-01-30 |
AU779428B2 (en) | 2005-01-27 |
IL146208A0 (en) | 2002-07-25 |
WO2000066254A8 (de) | 2002-05-30 |
IL146208A (en) | 2008-11-26 |
ZA200109818B (en) | 2003-02-26 |
JP2002543244A (ja) | 2002-12-17 |
CN1212177C (zh) | 2005-07-27 |
KR20020016779A (ko) | 2002-03-06 |
CN1364098A (zh) | 2002-08-14 |
EP1175254A1 (de) | 2002-01-30 |
US7132496B2 (en) | 2006-11-07 |
KR100749156B1 (ko) | 2007-08-14 |
WO2000066254A1 (de) | 2000-11-09 |
CA2371967A1 (en) | 2000-11-09 |
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