ATE90226T1 - Katalysatorzusammensetzungen zur anwendung bei hohen temperaturen fuer verbrennungsmotoren. - Google Patents
Katalysatorzusammensetzungen zur anwendung bei hohen temperaturen fuer verbrennungsmotoren.Info
- Publication number
- ATE90226T1 ATE90226T1 AT86302704T AT86302704T ATE90226T1 AT E90226 T1 ATE90226 T1 AT E90226T1 AT 86302704 T AT86302704 T AT 86302704T AT 86302704 T AT86302704 T AT 86302704T AT E90226 T1 ATE90226 T1 AT E90226T1
- Authority
- AT
- Austria
- Prior art keywords
- particles
- high temperature
- internal combustion
- combustion engines
- catalyst compositions
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9445—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC]
- B01D53/945—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC] characterised by a specific catalyst
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/56—Platinum group metals
- B01J23/58—Platinum group metals with alkali- or alkaline earth metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/024—Multiple impregnation or coating
- B01J37/0248—Coatings comprising impregnated particles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/04—Mixing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US06/722,905 US4624940A (en) | 1985-04-12 | 1985-04-12 | High temperature catalyst compositions for internal combustion engine |
EP86302704A EP0199509B1 (de) | 1985-04-12 | 1986-04-11 | Katalysatorzusammensetzungen zur Anwendung bei hohen Temperaturen für Verbrennungsmotoren |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
ATE90226T1 true ATE90226T1 (de) | 1993-06-15 |
Family
ID=24903911
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
AT86302704T ATE90226T1 (de) | 1985-04-12 | 1986-04-11 | Katalysatorzusammensetzungen zur anwendung bei hohen temperaturen fuer verbrennungsmotoren. |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4624940A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0199509B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPH0651116B2 (de) |
CN (1) | CN86102130A (de) |
AT (1) | ATE90226T1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU588032B2 (de) |
CA (1) | CA1262123A (de) |
DE (1) | DE3688537T2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (81)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS62180751A (ja) * | 1986-02-03 | 1987-08-08 | Toyota Central Res & Dev Lab Inc | 耐熱性アルミナ担体 |
US4714694A (en) * | 1986-06-30 | 1987-12-22 | Engelhard Corporation | Aluminum-stabilized ceria catalyst compositions, and methods of making the same |
AU595655B2 (en) * | 1986-11-04 | 1990-04-05 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Chuo Kenkyusho | Catalyst for the purification of exhaust gas |
US4904633A (en) * | 1986-12-18 | 1990-02-27 | Nippon Shokubai Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd. | Catalyst for purifying exhaust gas and method for production thereof |
US4771029A (en) * | 1987-05-18 | 1988-09-13 | W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn | Monolith washcoat having optimum pore structure and optimum method of designing the washcoat |
DE3735033A1 (de) * | 1987-10-16 | 1989-04-27 | Duerrwaechter E Dr Doduco | Katalysator und verfahren zu seiner herstellung |
US4906443A (en) * | 1987-10-26 | 1990-03-06 | Ford Motor Company | Construction, method of making and method of using alumina-supported, precious metal oxidation catalysts |
JPH0653229B2 (ja) * | 1988-03-24 | 1994-07-20 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 排気ガス浄化用触媒 |
US4888317A (en) * | 1988-07-15 | 1989-12-19 | Corning Incorporated | Catalyst-agglomerate bodies encapsulated in a structure and method for their production |
WO1990005579A1 (en) * | 1988-11-14 | 1990-05-31 | Johnson Matthey Inc. | Oxidation process and catalyst |
CA2011484C (en) * | 1989-04-19 | 1997-03-04 | Joseph C. Dettling | Palladium-containing, ceria-supported platinum catalyst and catalyst assembly including the same |
NL8901239A (nl) * | 1989-05-18 | 1990-12-17 | Meern Bv Engelhard De | Katalysator voor hydrogenering en/of dehydrogenering. |
JP3285857B2 (ja) * | 1989-07-06 | 2002-05-27 | マツダ株式会社 | 排気ガス浄化用触媒 |
CA2020453A1 (en) * | 1989-07-28 | 1991-01-29 | Bulent O. Yavuz | Thermal shock and creep resistant porous mullite articles |
CA2064977C (en) * | 1991-04-05 | 1998-09-22 | Eiichi Shiraishi | Catalyst for purifying exhaust gas |
JP2690654B2 (ja) * | 1991-04-05 | 1997-12-10 | 株式会社日本触媒 | 排気ガス浄化用触媒およびこれを用いてなる浄化システム |
JP2690661B2 (ja) * | 1991-06-10 | 1997-12-10 | 株式会社日本触媒 | 排気ガス浄化用触媒およびこれを用いてなる浄化システム |
JP3311012B2 (ja) * | 1992-03-23 | 2002-08-05 | 株式会社豊田中央研究所 | 排気ガス浄化用触媒および排気ガス浄化方法 |
US5254518A (en) * | 1992-07-22 | 1993-10-19 | Exxon Research & Engineering Company | Group IVB oxide addition to noble metal on rare earth modified silica alumina as hydrocarbon conversion catalyst |
US6248684B1 (en) * | 1992-11-19 | 2001-06-19 | Englehard Corporation | Zeolite-containing oxidation catalyst and method of use |
CA2165054A1 (en) * | 1993-06-25 | 1995-01-05 | Zhicheng Hu | Layered catalyst composite |
JP3363564B2 (ja) * | 1994-02-04 | 2003-01-08 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 排ガス浄化用触媒 |
DE4436890A1 (de) * | 1994-10-15 | 1996-04-18 | Degussa | Verfahren zur gleichzeitigen Verminderung der im Abgas einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine enthaltenen Kohlenwasserstoffe, Kohlenmonoxid und Stickoxide |
US6044644A (en) | 1994-12-06 | 2000-04-04 | Engelhard Corporation | Close coupled catalyst |
US6497851B1 (en) | 1994-12-06 | 2002-12-24 | Englehard Corporation | Engine exhaust treatment apparatus and method of use |
FR2729090A1 (fr) | 1995-01-11 | 1996-07-12 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Catalyseurs de reduction selective des oxydes d'azote en azote en milieu oxydant, procede de preparation et utilisation |
DE69636789T2 (de) * | 1995-12-27 | 2007-10-11 | Ict Co. Ltd. | Reinigungskatalysator für Verbrennungsmotorabgas |
US6087298A (en) * | 1996-05-14 | 2000-07-11 | Engelhard Corporation | Exhaust gas treatment system |
US20010026838A1 (en) * | 1996-06-21 | 2001-10-04 | Engelhard Corporation | Monolithic catalysts and related process for manufacture |
US5948377A (en) * | 1996-09-04 | 1999-09-07 | Engelhard Corporation | Catalyst composition |
US5948723A (en) * | 1996-09-04 | 1999-09-07 | Engelhard Corporation | Layered catalyst composite |
US5981427A (en) * | 1996-09-04 | 1999-11-09 | Engelhard Corporation | Catalyst composition |
US5898014A (en) * | 1996-09-27 | 1999-04-27 | Engelhard Corporation | Catalyst composition containing oxygen storage components |
US6248688B1 (en) | 1996-09-27 | 2001-06-19 | Engelhard Corporation | Catalyst composition containing oxygen storage components |
TW442324B (en) | 1996-12-06 | 2001-06-23 | Engelhard Corp | Catalytic metal plate |
US6921738B2 (en) | 1996-12-06 | 2005-07-26 | Engelhard Corporation | Catalytic metal plate |
US6242263B1 (en) | 1996-12-20 | 2001-06-05 | Corning Incorporated | Automotive hydrocarbon sensor |
US6180075B1 (en) | 1997-04-09 | 2001-01-30 | Degussa-H{umlaut over (u)}ls Aktiengesellschaft | Exhaust gas catalyst |
DE19714536A1 (de) * | 1997-04-09 | 1998-10-15 | Degussa | Autoabgaskatalysator |
DE19714732A1 (de) * | 1997-04-09 | 1998-10-15 | Degussa | Verfahren zum Abscheiden von katalytisch aktiven Komponenten auf hochoberflächigen Trägermaterialien |
US6026639A (en) * | 1997-11-03 | 2000-02-22 | Engelhard Corporation | Apparatus and method for diagnosis of catalyst performance |
US6071476A (en) * | 1997-11-14 | 2000-06-06 | Motorola, Inc. | Exhaust gas sensor |
AU3381899A (en) | 1998-04-28 | 1999-11-16 | Engelhard Corporation | Monolithic catalysts and related process for manufacture |
US6110862A (en) * | 1998-05-07 | 2000-08-29 | Engelhard Corporation | Catalytic material having improved conversion performance |
JP4012320B2 (ja) * | 1998-10-15 | 2007-11-21 | 株式会社アイシーティー | 希薄燃焼エンジン用排気ガス浄化用触媒 |
US6344173B1 (en) | 1998-12-07 | 2002-02-05 | Corning Incorporated | Automotive hydrocarbon sensor |
US6151547A (en) * | 1999-02-24 | 2000-11-21 | Engelhard Corporation | Air/fuel ratio manipulation code for optimizing dynamic emissions |
CA2376200A1 (en) * | 1999-07-02 | 2001-01-11 | Ramesh Kakwani | Oxidation catalyst for treating diesel engine exhaust gases |
US6528029B1 (en) | 1999-10-13 | 2003-03-04 | Engelhard Corporation | Catalyst compositions employing sol gel particles and methods of using the same |
ATE258821T1 (de) | 2000-08-16 | 2004-02-15 | Umicore Ag & Co Kg | Abgasreinigungskatalysator für motornahen einsatz und verfahren zu seiner herstellung |
JP4878099B2 (ja) * | 2000-09-20 | 2012-02-15 | 大倉工業株式会社 | 熱可塑性樹脂配合用燃焼促進剤およびそれを配合したごみ袋または買い物袋 |
US20030175192A1 (en) * | 2001-01-26 | 2003-09-18 | Engelhard Corporation | SOx trap for enhancing NOx trap performance and methods of making and using the same |
US6764672B2 (en) | 2001-04-03 | 2004-07-20 | Alcoa Inc. | Thermally stable alumina particulates |
US6916440B2 (en) | 2001-05-31 | 2005-07-12 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Processes and apparatus for making transversely drawn films with substantially uniaxial character |
JP4960558B2 (ja) * | 2001-09-28 | 2012-06-27 | 大倉工業株式会社 | 熱可塑性樹脂組成物、及びその成形体 |
JP4960557B2 (ja) * | 2001-09-28 | 2012-06-27 | 大倉工業株式会社 | 熱可塑性樹脂組成物、及びその成形体 |
JP2003164760A (ja) * | 2001-11-29 | 2003-06-10 | Denso Corp | セラミック触媒体 |
WO2004000454A1 (en) * | 2002-06-20 | 2003-12-31 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Supported metal catalyst with improved thermal stability |
JP4079717B2 (ja) * | 2002-08-05 | 2008-04-23 | 株式会社日本自動車部品総合研究所 | セラミック触媒体 |
US6701807B1 (en) * | 2003-02-25 | 2004-03-09 | Barry Gammon | Socket with off-center slot |
JP4204487B2 (ja) * | 2004-01-21 | 2009-01-07 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 排ガス浄化触媒及びその製造方法、並びに車用排ガス浄化触媒装置 |
US20050164879A1 (en) * | 2004-01-28 | 2005-07-28 | Engelhard Corporation | Layered SOx tolerant NOx trap catalysts and methods of making and using the same |
CN1583271B (zh) * | 2004-06-15 | 2011-07-27 | 宜兴市宜浦催化剂有限公司 | 氧化铝多孔催化剂载体 |
US7605109B1 (en) | 2004-10-28 | 2009-10-20 | Nanostellar, Inc. | Platinum-bismuth catalysts for treating engine exhaust |
US7611680B2 (en) * | 2004-10-28 | 2009-11-03 | Nanostellar, Inc. | Platinum-bismuth catalysts for treating engine exhaust |
CN100364662C (zh) * | 2005-08-29 | 2008-01-30 | 浙江大学 | 稀土复合多孔氧化铝负载Pd催化剂的制备方法 |
US8119075B2 (en) * | 2005-11-10 | 2012-02-21 | Basf Corporation | Diesel particulate filters having ultra-thin catalyzed oxidation coatings |
US7506504B2 (en) * | 2005-12-21 | 2009-03-24 | Basf Catalysts Llc | DOC and particulate control system for diesel engines |
JP5100244B2 (ja) * | 2006-10-12 | 2012-12-19 | 第一稀元素化学工業株式会社 | ジルコニア・セリア・イットリア系複合酸化物及びその製造方法 |
US8397482B2 (en) | 2008-05-15 | 2013-03-19 | General Electric Company | Dry 3-way catalytic reduction of gas turbine NOx |
US20100081563A1 (en) * | 2008-09-26 | 2010-04-01 | Andrew Edgar-Beltran | Adhesion and coating integrity of washcoats and overcoats |
DE102008061644B4 (de) | 2008-12-12 | 2014-01-02 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Zellulärer Werkstoff für Hochtemperaturanwendungen und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
US9901906B2 (en) | 2009-11-25 | 2018-02-27 | Solvay Special Chem Japan, Ltd. | Complex oxide, method for producing same and exhaust gas purifying catalyst |
KR101805599B1 (ko) | 2009-11-25 | 2017-12-07 | 솔베이 스페셜켐 재팬 가부시키가이샤 | 복합 산화물, 그 제조법 및 배기가스 정화용 촉매 |
DE102009056145B3 (de) * | 2009-11-27 | 2011-07-28 | Süd-Chemie AG, 80333 | Beschichtungssuspension zur Beschichtung von Katalysatorsubstraten |
JP5992192B2 (ja) * | 2012-03-30 | 2016-09-14 | 三井金属鉱業株式会社 | パラジウム触媒 |
DE102013203470A1 (de) * | 2013-03-01 | 2014-09-04 | Evonik Industries Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Ketonen aus Epoxiden |
CN106732585B (zh) * | 2017-03-06 | 2019-05-07 | 西南化工研究设计院有限公司 | 一种VOCs催化燃烧整体式催化剂及其制备方法 |
WO2021058484A1 (en) * | 2019-09-27 | 2021-04-01 | Johnson Matthey Catalysts (Germany) Gmbh | MULTI-FUNCTION CATALYST ARTICLE FOR TREATING BOTH CO AND NOx IN STATIONARY EMISSION SOURCE EXHAUST GAS |
CN113976105A (zh) * | 2021-09-27 | 2022-01-28 | 达斯玛环境科技(北京)有限公司 | 一种催化剂制备方法及系统 |
US12042783B2 (en) * | 2022-02-03 | 2024-07-23 | Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company | Surface-modified alumina compound for gasoline exhaust gas applications |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3524721A (en) * | 1967-12-22 | 1970-08-18 | Ethyl Corp | Catalyst composition |
US3755534A (en) * | 1971-08-12 | 1973-08-28 | Grace W R & Co | Catalytic control of auto exhaust emissions |
US3894140A (en) * | 1973-05-09 | 1975-07-08 | Chemical Construction Corp | Stabilization of alumina catalyst supports |
US4142993A (en) * | 1977-12-07 | 1979-03-06 | The Research Council Of Alberta | Transition metal catalyst |
US4170573A (en) * | 1978-04-07 | 1979-10-09 | W. R. Grace & Co. | Rare earth and platinum group metal catalyst compositions |
JPS56124442A (en) * | 1980-03-06 | 1981-09-30 | Toyota Central Res & Dev Lab Inc | Catalyst for cleaning of exhaust gas |
US4392988A (en) * | 1981-05-11 | 1983-07-12 | Ga Technologies Inc. | Method of producing stable alumina |
AU2362084A (en) * | 1983-02-14 | 1984-08-23 | Engelhard Corporation | Catalysts with support coatings |
GB2142253A (en) * | 1983-06-27 | 1985-01-16 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Exhaust gas purification catalysts |
-
1985
- 1985-04-12 US US06/722,905 patent/US4624940A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1986
- 1986-03-31 CN CN198686102130A patent/CN86102130A/zh active Pending
- 1986-04-09 JP JP61080275A patent/JPH0651116B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1986-04-10 CA CA000506271A patent/CA1262123A/en not_active Expired
- 1986-04-11 EP EP86302704A patent/EP0199509B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-04-11 AT AT86302704T patent/ATE90226T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-04-11 DE DE86302704T patent/DE3688537T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1986-04-11 AU AU56041/86A patent/AU588032B2/en not_active Ceased
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU5604186A (en) | 1986-10-16 |
JPH0651116B2 (ja) | 1994-07-06 |
DE3688537T2 (de) | 1994-01-13 |
CA1262123A (en) | 1989-10-03 |
US4624940A (en) | 1986-11-25 |
DE3688537D1 (de) | 1993-07-15 |
EP0199509A2 (de) | 1986-10-29 |
EP0199509B1 (de) | 1993-06-09 |
EP0199509A3 (en) | 1988-07-20 |
JPS61238341A (ja) | 1986-10-23 |
CN86102130A (zh) | 1986-10-08 |
AU588032B2 (en) | 1989-09-07 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
ATE90226T1 (de) | Katalysatorzusammensetzungen zur anwendung bei hohen temperaturen fuer verbrennungsmotoren. | |
JPS6458347A (en) | Catalyst of superior heat resistance for purifying internal combustion engine exhaust gas and its preparation | |
ATE218921T1 (de) | Katalysatorzusammensetzung mit getrennten platinum- und rhodiumkomponenten | |
GR3005090T3 (de) | ||
BR0101208A (pt) | Catalisador de camada única de alto desempenho | |
US20070161507A1 (en) | Ceramic wash-coat for catalyst support | |
CA2223458A1 (en) | Catalyst for purifying exhaust gas and a process for purifying exhaust gas | |
JPH03161052A (ja) | 排気ガス浄化触媒体およびその製造方法 | |
JPS6271538A (ja) | エンジンの排気ガス浄化用触媒 | |
JPS6271543A (ja) | エンジンの排気ガス浄化用触媒 | |
ES8800395A1 (es) | Un convertidor catalitico para purificar gases de escape de un motor de combustion interna | |
JPS6014939A (ja) | ガスタ−ビン用燃焼触媒 | |
JPS62125856A (ja) | 排気ガス浄化用モノリス触媒 | |
JPS61209045A (ja) | 排ガス浄化用触媒 | |
JPS6427643A (en) | Catalyst for exhaust gas purification | |
JPS61178514A (ja) | セラミツク製副燃焼室式デイ−ゼルエンジン | |
JP2531641B2 (ja) | 接触燃焼用触媒 | |
DE69006895D1 (de) | Metalloxid-Katalysatoren. | |
JPH0361492B2 (de) | ||
JPS57153737A (en) | Catalyst for purifying exhaust gas | |
JPS61197037A (ja) | 排ガス浄化用酸化触媒体 | |
JPS61157347A (ja) | 排ガス浄化用触媒の製造方法 | |
JPS6154238A (ja) | 排ガス浄化用触媒体 | |
JP3638813B2 (ja) | メタン系燃料の燃焼用触媒の製造方法 | |
JPS63209751A (ja) | 酸化用触媒の製造方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
UEP | Publication of translation of european patent specification | ||
REN | Ceased due to non-payment of the annual fee |