ATE540812T1 - Mehrlagige poröse folie und separator für sekundärbatterie mit nicht wässrigem elektrolyten - Google Patents

Mehrlagige poröse folie und separator für sekundärbatterie mit nicht wässrigem elektrolyten

Info

Publication number
ATE540812T1
ATE540812T1 AT07828885T AT07828885T ATE540812T1 AT E540812 T1 ATE540812 T1 AT E540812T1 AT 07828885 T AT07828885 T AT 07828885T AT 07828885 T AT07828885 T AT 07828885T AT E540812 T1 ATE540812 T1 AT E540812T1
Authority
AT
Austria
Prior art keywords
porous film
separator
secondary battery
aqueous electrolyte
layer porous
Prior art date
Application number
AT07828885T
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Atsuhiro Takata
Ryuma Kuroda
Shin-Ichi Kumamoto
Original Assignee
Sumitomo Chemical Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sumitomo Chemical Co filed Critical Sumitomo Chemical Co
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of ATE540812T1 publication Critical patent/ATE540812T1/de

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
    • B32B27/20—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives using fillers, pigments, thixotroping agents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
    • B32B27/325—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins comprising polycycloolefins
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/18—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer of foamed material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/26—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof by elimination of a solid phase from a macromolecular composition or article, e.g. leaching out
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/411—Organic material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/411—Organic material
    • H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
    • H01M50/417—Polyolefins
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/24—All layers being polymeric
    • B32B2250/242—All polymers belonging to those covered by group B32B27/32
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2264/00—Composition or properties of particles which form a particulate layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2264/10—Inorganic particles
    • B32B2264/104—Oxysalt, e.g. carbonate, sulfate, phosphate or nitrate particles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2264/00—Composition or properties of particles which form a particulate layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2264/10—Inorganic particles
    • B32B2264/105—Metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/702—Amorphous
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/71—Resistive to light or to UV
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/724—Permeability to gases, adsorption
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/732—Dimensional properties
    • B32B2307/734—Dimensional stability
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2457/00—Electrical equipment
    • B32B2457/10—Batteries
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2323/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
    • C08J2323/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
    • C08J2323/08—Copolymers of ethene
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
  • Cell Separators (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
AT07828885T 2006-09-26 2007-09-25 Mehrlagige poröse folie und separator für sekundärbatterie mit nicht wässrigem elektrolyten ATE540812T1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2006260254A JP5034414B2 (ja) 2006-09-26 2006-09-26 積層多孔性フィルムおよび非水電解質二次電池用セパレータ
PCT/JP2007/069144 WO2008044513A1 (fr) 2006-09-26 2007-09-25 Film poreux à couches multiples et séparateur pour accumulateur secondaire à électrolyte non aqueux

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
ATE540812T1 true ATE540812T1 (de) 2012-01-15

Family

ID=39282723

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
AT07828885T ATE540812T1 (de) 2006-09-26 2007-09-25 Mehrlagige poröse folie und separator für sekundärbatterie mit nicht wässrigem elektrolyten

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US20100015515A1 (de)
EP (1) EP2067618B1 (de)
JP (1) JP5034414B2 (de)
KR (1) KR101384916B1 (de)
CN (1) CN101541534B (de)
AT (1) ATE540812T1 (de)
TW (1) TW200836387A (de)
WO (1) WO2008044513A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101689624A (zh) 2007-06-19 2010-03-31 帝人株式会社 非水系二次电池用隔膜、其制造方法和非水系二次电池
JP2010056036A (ja) * 2008-08-29 2010-03-11 Teijin Ltd 非水電解質電池セパレータ及びその製造方法並びにそれを用いた非水電解質二次電池
EP2443685B1 (de) 2009-06-19 2014-07-16 Toray Battery Separator Film Co., Ltd. Mikroporöse membranen, verfahren zur herstellung solcher membranen sowie verwendung solcher membranen als batterieseparatorfilme
US9570725B2 (en) 2010-10-29 2017-02-14 Teijin Limited Separator for nonaqueous electrolyte battery, and non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery
TWI425700B (zh) * 2010-12-22 2014-02-01 Ind Tech Res Inst 二次電池、電池隔離膜及其製造方法
WO2016028989A1 (en) 2014-08-21 2016-02-25 William Winchin Yen Microporous sheet product and methods for making and using the same
WO2016073558A1 (en) 2014-11-05 2016-05-12 William Winchin Yen Microporous sheet product and methods for making and using the same
US10829600B2 (en) 2014-11-05 2020-11-10 William Winchin Yen Microporous sheet product and methods for making and using the same
CN111433940B (zh) * 2017-11-28 2023-02-03 东丽株式会社 多孔性膜、二次电池用隔膜以及二次电池
CN110364667B (zh) 2018-04-11 2022-04-22 宁德新能源科技有限公司 多孔膜和锂离子电池
WO2021222716A1 (en) * 2020-05-01 2021-11-04 Celanese International Corporation Copolymer having a reduced shutdown temperature and articles made with same

Family Cites Families (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2693596B2 (ja) 1988-09-07 1997-12-24 三井石油化学工業株式会社 環状オレフィン系ランダム共重合体の製造方法
JP2940014B2 (ja) 1989-05-08 1999-08-25 ジェイエスアール株式会社 熱可塑性樹脂組成物
JPH04145105A (ja) * 1990-10-05 1992-05-19 Nippon Oil Co Ltd エチレン重合体または共重合体の製造方法
US5281491A (en) * 1991-12-20 1994-01-25 W. R. Grace & Co. Battery separator
US5674919A (en) * 1991-12-27 1997-10-07 Mitsui Petrochemical Industries, Ltd. Biaxially oriented film of high molecular weight polyethylene, process for preparing the same, surface-modified biaxially oriented film of high molecular weight polyethylene and process for preparing the same
DE69229170T2 (de) * 1991-12-27 1999-10-14 Mitsui Chemicals Zweiachsig orientierter hochmolekularer polyethylenfilm und oberflächenmodifizierter zweiachsig orientierter hochmolekularer polyethylenfilm sowie deren herstellung
JP3050021B2 (ja) 1993-05-11 2000-06-05 三菱化学株式会社 バッテリーセパレーター及びそれを用いたリチウム電池
JP3003830B2 (ja) 1994-05-12 2000-01-31 宇部興産株式会社 積層多孔質フイルム及びその製法
EP0682376B1 (de) * 1994-05-12 2000-01-26 Ube Industries, Ltd. Poröser mehrschichtiger Film
JP3011309B2 (ja) 1994-05-12 2000-02-21 宇部興産株式会社 電池用セパレ−タ及びその製法
JP3455285B2 (ja) * 1994-05-16 2003-10-14 三井化学株式会社 高分子量エチレン・α−オレフィン共重合体よりなる多孔性二軸配向フィルムおよびその用途
KR100257359B1 (ko) * 1995-12-05 2000-05-15 야마모토 카즈모토 낮은 융합 온도를 갖는 미세다공성 폴리에틸렌 막
JP3721639B2 (ja) * 1996-06-21 2005-11-30 住友化学株式会社 パラアラミド系多孔質フィルムおよびそれを使用した電池用セパレーター
JP4038868B2 (ja) * 1997-03-26 2008-01-30 住友化学株式会社 パラアラミド系多孔質フィルムおよびそれを用いた電池用セパレーターとリチウム二次電池
SG73622A1 (en) 1998-03-11 2000-06-20 Sumitomo Chemical Co Solid catalyst component and catalyst for olefin polymerization and process for producing olefin polymer
JP4560852B2 (ja) 1999-07-13 2010-10-13 住友化学株式会社 非水電解液二次電池用セパレータの製造方法および非水電解液二次電池
US20020136945A1 (en) * 2000-01-18 2002-09-26 Call Ronald W. Multilayer battery separators
JP2001316006A (ja) 2000-05-12 2001-11-13 Sumitomo Chem Co Ltd 基材搬送装置および基材塗工体の製造方法
JP5140896B2 (ja) * 2000-06-14 2013-02-13 住友化学株式会社 多孔質フィルムおよびそれを用いた電池用セパレータ
JP2002054394A (ja) 2000-08-11 2002-02-20 Kajima Corp セグメントのボルトボックス閉鎖構造
TWI331087B (en) * 2003-03-06 2010-10-01 Sumitomo Chemical Co Method for producing laminated porous polyolefin film and laminated porous polyolefin film
KR100796476B1 (ko) * 2004-02-23 2008-01-21 토요 보세키 가부시기가이샤 다공질막, 이것의 제조 방법 및 그것을 이용하여 제조한리튬 이온 2차 전지

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2008080536A (ja) 2008-04-10
US20100015515A1 (en) 2010-01-21
WO2008044513A1 (fr) 2008-04-17
JP5034414B2 (ja) 2012-09-26
KR20090066307A (ko) 2009-06-23
EP2067618A4 (de) 2010-04-14
EP2067618B1 (de) 2012-01-11
CN101541534B (zh) 2013-03-13
EP2067618A1 (de) 2009-06-10
CN101541534A (zh) 2009-09-23
TW200836387A (en) 2008-09-01
KR101384916B1 (ko) 2014-04-11

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
ATE540812T1 (de) Mehrlagige poröse folie und separator für sekundärbatterie mit nicht wässrigem elektrolyten
WO2008156033A1 (ja) 非水系二次電池用セパレータ、その製造方法および非水系二次電池
RU2008102735A (ru) Многослойная микропористая полиэтиленовая мембрана и разделитель батареи и батарея, использующие мембрану
WO2012032697A1 (ja) 電池モジュール
WO2008149895A1 (ja) 非水系二次電池セパレータ用ポリオレフィン微多孔膜基材、その製造方法、非水系二次電池セパレータおよび非水系二次電池
MY168563A (en) Separator for electricity storage device, laminate and porous film
EP2057013A4 (de) Mikroporöse membran, batterieseparator und batterie
WO2010147407A3 (en) Microporous polyethylene film with thermally stable hybrid-composite layers
WO2011090356A3 (en) Porous multi-layer film with improved thermal properties
MY166231A (en) Separator for batteries and method for producing separator for batteries
WO2009125984A3 (en) Microporous polyolefin composite film with a thermally stable porous layer at high temperature
TW200509441A (en) High melt integrity battery separator for lithium ion batteries
ATE542847T1 (de) Poröser film und separator für sekundärbatterie mit nichtwässrigem elektrolyt
SG164316A1 (en) Battery and battery pack
DK2377185T3 (en) Microporous multilayer films for batteries with switch-off function.
WO2008149986A1 (ja) 多層多孔膜
WO2008143005A1 (ja) 電気化学素子およびその製造方法
HK1146719A1 (en) Thermally protective materials
RU2014101718A (ru) Сепаратор, имеющий теплоустойчивые изоляционные слои
JP5711254B2 (ja) リチウム二次電池用セパレータ及びこれを含むリチウム二次電池
WO2009001850A1 (ja) 樹脂組成物及びその樹脂組成物を用いて得られる樹脂付銅箔
WO2012050406A3 (ko) 전기화학소자용 분리막 및 이의 제조방법
JP2015503310A (ja) 新規構造のスイッチングボード及びそれを含んでいる電池モジュール
WO2009132802A8 (de) Mikroporöse mehrschicht-membranfolie auf polypropylenbasis für batterien mit abschaltfunktion
WO2011118984A3 (ko) 전기화학소자용 세퍼레이터, 그 제조방법 및 이를 구비한 전기화학소자