AR078809A1 - Metodo y aparato para senalizacion bidireccional de un paso a nivel contiguo siguiente - Google Patents
Metodo y aparato para senalizacion bidireccional de un paso a nivel contiguo siguienteInfo
- Publication number
- AR078809A1 AR078809A1 ARP100103966A ARP100103966A AR078809A1 AR 078809 A1 AR078809 A1 AR 078809A1 AR P100103966 A ARP100103966 A AR P100103966A AR P100103966 A ARP100103966 A AR P100103966A AR 078809 A1 AR078809 A1 AR 078809A1
- Authority
- AR
- Argentina
- Prior art keywords
- prediction
- devices
- prediction device
- train
- level crossing
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
- B61L29/00—Safety means for rail/road crossing traffic
- B61L29/24—Means for warning road traffic that a gate is closed or closing, or that rail traffic is approaching, e.g. for visible or audible warning
- B61L29/28—Means for warning road traffic that a gate is closed or closing, or that rail traffic is approaching, e.g. for visible or audible warning electrically operated
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
- B61L29/00—Safety means for rail/road crossing traffic
- B61L29/24—Means for warning road traffic that a gate is closed or closing, or that rail traffic is approaching, e.g. for visible or audible warning
- B61L29/28—Means for warning road traffic that a gate is closed or closing, or that rail traffic is approaching, e.g. for visible or audible warning electrically operated
- B61L29/32—Timing, e.g. advance warning of approaching train
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Train Traffic Observation, Control, And Security (AREA)
- Near-Field Transmission Systems (AREA)
Abstract
Primero y segundo dispositivos de prediccion para paso a nivel se comunican entre sí, y cada dispositivo de prediccion transmite senales para dar instrucciones a dispositivos de prediccion siguiente contiguos para activar sus dispositivos de aviso en un tiempo de aviso constante (lo que se denomina DAXing) usando informacion de deteccion de tren proveniente de otro dispositivo de prediccion. Las comunicaciones entre los dispositivos de prediccion para paso a nivel pueden ser basada en rieles, inalámbrica o con cables usando conductores que no sean los rieles. Puede haber multiples dispositivos de prediccion presentes entre el primer y el segundo dispositivo de prediccion para paso a nivel, y cada uno de tales dispositivos de prediccion puede recibir DAX provisto por uno de los dispositivos de prediccion exteriores basado en la direccion del tren. El dispositivo de prediccion también transmite una senal para informar a otro dispositivo de prediccion de la presencia del tren de modo que el otro dispositivo de prediccion puede determinar si suprime o no el DAXing. También se revela un método para detectar una direccion de tren entrante en un dispositivo de prediccion utilizando un segundo receptor unido a los rieles de vía en una ubicacion desplazada del primer receptor.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US27272609P | 2009-10-27 | 2009-10-27 | |
US12/911,092 US8500071B2 (en) | 2009-10-27 | 2010-10-25 | Method and apparatus for bi-directional downstream adjacent crossing signaling |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
AR078809A1 true AR078809A1 (es) | 2011-12-07 |
Family
ID=43897565
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
ARP100103966A AR078809A1 (es) | 2009-10-27 | 2010-10-28 | Metodo y aparato para senalizacion bidireccional de un paso a nivel contiguo siguiente |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (3) | US8500071B2 (es) |
EP (1) | EP2493744B1 (es) |
AR (1) | AR078809A1 (es) |
AU (1) | AU2010315553B2 (es) |
BR (1) | BR112012010020B1 (es) |
ES (1) | ES2727979T3 (es) |
MX (2) | MX2012005101A (es) |
NZ (2) | NZ599515A (es) |
WO (1) | WO2011056596A2 (es) |
Families Citing this family (26)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8500071B2 (en) | 2009-10-27 | 2013-08-06 | Invensys Rail Corporation | Method and apparatus for bi-directional downstream adjacent crossing signaling |
US8668169B2 (en) * | 2011-04-01 | 2014-03-11 | Siemens Rail Automation Corporation | Communications based crossing control for locomotive-centric systems |
CN102815320B (zh) * | 2011-06-12 | 2016-03-30 | 周利荣 | 一种实现车轮检测型智能轨道电路智能化的方法 |
US8833703B2 (en) * | 2011-07-15 | 2014-09-16 | General Electric Company | Systems and method for a crossing equipment controller |
JP2013159213A (ja) * | 2012-02-03 | 2013-08-19 | Nippon Signal Co Ltd:The | 踏切制御装置 |
US8725405B2 (en) * | 2012-04-13 | 2014-05-13 | General Electric Company | Methods and system for crossing prediction |
US8838301B2 (en) | 2012-04-26 | 2014-09-16 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L. P. | Train traffic advisor system and method thereof |
US9248848B2 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2016-02-02 | Siemens Industry, Inc. | Wireless and/or wired frequency programmable termination shunts |
US9227642B2 (en) * | 2013-03-18 | 2016-01-05 | Todd M. Huntimer | Train detection systems and methods |
US8857769B1 (en) * | 2013-04-30 | 2014-10-14 | Siemens Industry, Inc. | Variable frequency train detection |
US8899530B2 (en) * | 2013-04-30 | 2014-12-02 | Siemens Industry, Inc. | Train direction detection via track circuits |
US9227641B2 (en) * | 2013-05-03 | 2016-01-05 | Thales Canada Inc | Vehicle position determining system and method of using the same |
US9569969B2 (en) * | 2014-04-17 | 2017-02-14 | Raytheon Company | Track collision avoidance control system |
US9978270B2 (en) | 2014-07-28 | 2018-05-22 | Econolite Group, Inc. | Self-configuring traffic signal controller |
US9630635B2 (en) * | 2015-03-03 | 2017-04-25 | Siemens Canada Limited | Train direction and route detection via wireless sensors |
JP6505525B2 (ja) * | 2015-06-30 | 2019-04-24 | 東日本旅客鉄道株式会社 | 踏切制御装置 |
RU2610903C1 (ru) * | 2015-10-16 | 2017-02-17 | Мезитис Марекс | Способ управления закрытием железнодорожного переезда |
RU2619507C2 (ru) * | 2016-02-16 | 2017-05-16 | Мезитис Марекс | Система вычисления времени задержки закрытия железнодорожного переезда |
RU2632544C2 (ru) * | 2016-02-16 | 2017-10-05 | Мезитис Марекс | Система закрытия железнодорожного переезда |
RU2651379C2 (ru) * | 2016-04-11 | 2018-04-19 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Самарский государственный университет путей сообщения" (СамГУПС) | Устройство управления автоматической переездной сигнализацией |
CN105785795B (zh) * | 2016-05-05 | 2018-11-23 | 北京交通大学 | 一种基于粒子群算法的列车运行速度曲线节能优化方法 |
US10663966B2 (en) | 2017-03-29 | 2020-05-26 | Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Inc. | Vehicle motion control system and method |
RU2652363C1 (ru) * | 2017-04-06 | 2018-04-25 | Открытое Акционерное Общество "Научно-Исследовательский И Проектно-Конструкторский Институт Информатизации, Автоматизации И Связи На Железнодорожном Транспорте" | Устройство для управления движением на железнодорожном переезде |
EP3638564A1 (en) * | 2017-07-14 | 2020-04-22 | Siemens Mobility, Inc. | Modular railroad track simulator |
US10591915B2 (en) | 2017-08-03 | 2020-03-17 | Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Inc. | Motion controller for real-time continuous curvature path planning |
RU2681451C1 (ru) * | 2018-03-30 | 2019-03-06 | Дмитрий Викторович Ефанов | Способ обеспечения безопасности на железнодорожном переезде |
Family Cites Families (80)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2106682A (en) | 1936-02-29 | 1938-01-25 | Gen Railway Signal Co | Highway crossing signaling system |
US2719218A (en) | 1949-12-17 | 1955-09-27 | Westinghouse Air Brake Co | Apparatus for the control of highway crossing signals |
US3268723A (en) | 1963-02-14 | 1966-08-23 | Westinghouse Air Brake Co | Highway crossing protection system |
US3333096A (en) * | 1964-04-03 | 1967-07-25 | Marquardt Corp | Railway track circuit apparatus |
US3422262A (en) | 1966-02-01 | 1969-01-14 | Gen Signal Corp | Highway crossing signal control system |
US3610920A (en) | 1969-12-04 | 1971-10-05 | Gen Signal Corp | Apparatus and method for deriving a uniform time warning |
US3951364A (en) * | 1975-01-09 | 1976-04-20 | General Signal Corporation | Track circuit |
US3966149A (en) | 1975-03-13 | 1976-06-29 | Westinghouse Electric Corporation | Quad state receiver |
US4015082A (en) | 1975-03-13 | 1977-03-29 | Westinghouse Electric Corporation | Multi-channel signal decoder |
US3974991A (en) | 1975-08-27 | 1976-08-17 | Erico Rail Products Company | Railroad motion detecting and signalling system with repeater receiver |
US4065081A (en) | 1976-12-09 | 1977-12-27 | General Signal Corporation | Alternating current track circuits |
US4172576A (en) | 1977-06-21 | 1979-10-30 | General Signal Corporation | Highway crossing system with motion detecting apparatus |
US4307860A (en) | 1979-07-30 | 1981-12-29 | American Standard Inc. | Railroad grade crossing constant warning protection system |
CA1149918A (en) | 1979-12-18 | 1983-07-12 | Mario Poggio | Frequency modulated railroad track circuit |
US4324376A (en) | 1980-06-24 | 1982-04-13 | American Standard Inc. | Railroad highway crossing warning system |
US4498650A (en) | 1982-03-10 | 1985-02-12 | General Signal Corporation | Microprocessor based track circuit for occupancy detection and bidirectional code communication |
FR2539372A1 (fr) | 1983-01-13 | 1984-07-20 | Alsthom Atlantique | Systemes de modulation pour circuits de voie ferroviaires |
JPS60100859A (ja) | 1983-11-08 | 1985-06-04 | Nec Corp | 周波数検波器 |
GB8415025D0 (en) | 1984-06-13 | 1984-07-18 | Ml Eng Plymouth | Railway track circuit equipment |
US4723739A (en) | 1985-07-16 | 1988-02-09 | American Standard Inc. | Synchronous rectification track circuit |
US4737968A (en) | 1985-10-25 | 1988-04-12 | Phillips Petroleum Company | QPSK transmission system having phaselocked tracking filter for spectrum shaping |
US4868864A (en) | 1986-07-15 | 1989-09-19 | Hayes Microcomputer Products, Inc. | Autocorrelating 2400 bps handshake sequence detector |
GB2193588B (en) | 1986-08-04 | 1990-07-25 | Gec General Signal Ltd | Track circuit signalling arrangement |
SE465458B (sv) | 1990-01-25 | 1991-09-16 | Eb Signal Ab | Spaarledningssystem |
US5029780A (en) | 1990-05-14 | 1991-07-09 | Safetran Systems Corporation | Multi-frequency railroad grade crossing termination shunt assembly |
US5954299A (en) | 1991-02-04 | 1999-09-21 | Eva Signal Corporation | Railroad crossing traffic warning system apparatus and method therefore |
JP3087459B2 (ja) | 1991-09-27 | 2000-09-11 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | Fskデータ復調器 |
US5398894B1 (en) | 1993-08-10 | 1998-09-29 | Union Switch & Signal Inc | Virtual block control system for railway vehicle |
US5553064A (en) | 1994-04-05 | 1996-09-03 | Stanford Telecommunications, Inc. | High speed bidirectional digital cable transmission system |
US5590855A (en) | 1994-07-12 | 1997-01-07 | Kato; Ryochi | Train detection device for railroad models and train crossing control apparatus utilizing the train detection device |
US5554982A (en) | 1994-08-01 | 1996-09-10 | Hughes Aircraft Co. | Wireless train proximity alert system |
US5469112A (en) | 1994-08-15 | 1995-11-21 | Motorola, Inc. | Communication device with zero-crossing demodulator |
US5453715A (en) | 1994-08-15 | 1995-09-26 | Motorola, Inc. | Communication device with efficient multi-level digital demodulator |
CN1087120C (zh) | 1994-11-10 | 2002-07-03 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | 直接变频接收机 |
US5633895A (en) | 1995-08-03 | 1997-05-27 | Motorola, Inc. | Communication device with synchronized zero-crossing demodulator and method |
US5739768A (en) | 1995-08-22 | 1998-04-14 | Dynamic Vehicle Safety Systems, Ltd. | Train proximity detector |
IT1281830B1 (it) | 1995-10-27 | 1998-03-03 | Sasib Railway S P A | Circuito di binario ad audiofrequenza con trasmissione di dati (c.d.b..digitale): interfaccia di ricetrasmissione. |
US5699986A (en) | 1996-07-15 | 1997-12-23 | Alternative Safety Technologies | Railway crossing collision avoidance system |
US5864304A (en) | 1996-08-08 | 1999-01-26 | At&T Corp | Wireless railroad grade crossing warning system |
US6011816A (en) | 1996-09-18 | 2000-01-04 | Wireless Access | Direct demodulation method and apparatus |
US6218961B1 (en) | 1996-10-23 | 2001-04-17 | G.E. Harris Railway Electronics, L.L.C. | Method and system for proximity detection and location determination |
US6097768A (en) | 1996-11-21 | 2000-08-01 | Dps Group, Inc. | Phase detector for carrier recovery in a DQPSK receiver |
JP3430857B2 (ja) | 1997-05-15 | 2003-07-28 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 列車在線検知システム及び列車在線検知方法 |
JPH1120702A (ja) | 1997-06-30 | 1999-01-26 | Nippon Signal Co Ltd:The | 踏切制御装置 |
US6011508A (en) | 1997-10-31 | 2000-01-04 | Magnemotion, Inc. | Accurate position-sensing and communications for guideway operated vehicles |
KR19990074228A (ko) | 1998-03-03 | 1999-10-05 | 윤종용 | 영교차 검출을 이용한 변조장치 및 방법 |
US6145792A (en) * | 1998-04-29 | 2000-11-14 | Penza; George Gregory | Railroad worker warning system for train conductors |
US6179252B1 (en) | 1998-07-17 | 2001-01-30 | The Texas A&M University System | Intelligent rail crossing control system and train tracking system |
US6220552B1 (en) | 1999-07-15 | 2001-04-24 | Anthony John Ireland | Model railroad detection equipment |
US6823026B2 (en) | 2001-01-05 | 2004-11-23 | Motorola, Inc. | Apparatus and method for baseband detection |
US6386486B1 (en) * | 2001-01-08 | 2002-05-14 | Bernard E. Speranza | Method and apparatus for indicating the presence of a train at a railroad crossing |
WO2002064414A2 (en) | 2001-01-23 | 2002-08-22 | Alstom Signaling, Inc. | Method and apparatus for uniform time warning of railroad trains |
US6830224B2 (en) | 2001-02-26 | 2004-12-14 | Railroad Transportation Communication Technologies (Rtct) Llc | Rail communications system |
GB0127927D0 (en) | 2001-11-21 | 2002-01-16 | Westinghouse Brake & Signal | Railway track circuits |
ITSV20020008A1 (it) | 2002-02-22 | 2003-08-22 | Alstom Transp Spa | Impianto per il rilevamento della condizione di libero/occupato di una linea ferroviaria o simili e per la comunicazione digitale con treni |
US7098774B2 (en) | 2002-12-19 | 2006-08-29 | General Electric Company | Method and apparatus for monitoring and controlling warning systems |
KR100505745B1 (ko) | 2002-12-30 | 2005-08-03 | 주식회사 삼삼 | 열차접근 검출 및 경보 장치 |
KR20030011127A (ko) | 2003-01-13 | 2003-02-06 | 권용명 | 지아이에스와 디지피에스를 이용한 휴대용 열차접근 경보장치 |
US7254467B2 (en) | 2003-02-13 | 2007-08-07 | General Electric Company | Digital train system for automatically detecting trains approaching a crossing |
KR20040106864A (ko) | 2003-06-12 | 2004-12-18 | 주식회사 덕원기술 | 열차 접근 경보 장치 및 방법 |
CN1202973C (zh) | 2003-09-24 | 2005-05-25 | 北京世纪东方国铁电讯科技有限公司 | 用于铁路道口的数字道口安全预警设备及其方法 |
EP1683316B1 (en) | 2003-11-03 | 2007-12-19 | Nxp B.V. | Apparatus for determining a frequency offset error and receiver based thereon |
GB2418051A (en) | 2004-09-09 | 2006-03-15 | Westinghouse Brake & Signal | Backup system for detecting a vehicle which may not cause a track circuit to operate. |
DE102004057459A1 (de) | 2004-11-25 | 2006-06-01 | Siemens Ag | Bahnübergangssicherungssystem |
JP4614754B2 (ja) | 2004-12-13 | 2011-01-19 | 株式会社京三製作所 | 踏切保安装置 |
JP5041675B2 (ja) | 2005-05-24 | 2012-10-03 | 日本信号株式会社 | 踏切制御装置 |
US7575202B2 (en) | 2005-10-14 | 2009-08-18 | Safetran Systems Corporation | Apparatus and methods for providing relatively constant warning time at highway-rail crossings |
US7618010B2 (en) | 2006-09-20 | 2009-11-17 | General Electric Company | Method, computer software code, and system for determining a train direction at a railroad crossing |
US7864900B2 (en) | 2006-10-30 | 2011-01-04 | Al-Eidan Abdullah A | Communication system for sending and receiving digital data |
JP4753848B2 (ja) | 2006-11-30 | 2011-08-24 | 学校法人日本大学 | 列車制御装置 |
US8028961B2 (en) * | 2006-12-22 | 2011-10-04 | Central Signal, Llc | Vital solid state controller |
US7832691B2 (en) | 2008-01-17 | 2010-11-16 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | System and method for train operation approaching grade crossings |
KR100968671B1 (ko) | 2008-03-31 | 2010-07-06 | 김국문 | 철로 곡선구간에서의 안전 경보시스템 |
GB0915322D0 (en) * | 2009-09-03 | 2009-10-07 | Westinghouse Brake & Signal | Railway systems using fibre optic hydrophony systems |
US8500071B2 (en) | 2009-10-27 | 2013-08-06 | Invensys Rail Corporation | Method and apparatus for bi-directional downstream adjacent crossing signaling |
NO331979B1 (no) * | 2010-09-17 | 2012-05-14 | Stiftelsen Norsar | System og metode for tidlig deteksjon av tog |
WO2012075401A1 (en) * | 2010-12-03 | 2012-06-07 | Metrom Rail, Llc | Rail line sensing and safety system |
DE102011079186A1 (de) * | 2011-07-14 | 2013-01-17 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Eisenbahnsicherungsanlage und Eisenbahnsicherungsanlage |
US8833703B2 (en) * | 2011-07-15 | 2014-09-16 | General Electric Company | Systems and method for a crossing equipment controller |
US8899530B2 (en) * | 2013-04-30 | 2014-12-02 | Siemens Industry, Inc. | Train direction detection via track circuits |
-
2010
- 2010-10-25 US US12/911,092 patent/US8500071B2/en active Active
- 2010-10-26 MX MX2012005101A patent/MX2012005101A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2010-10-26 ES ES10828860T patent/ES2727979T3/es active Active
- 2010-10-26 WO PCT/US2010/054135 patent/WO2011056596A2/en active Application Filing
- 2010-10-26 NZ NZ599515A patent/NZ599515A/en unknown
- 2010-10-26 MX MX2015006138A patent/MX338795B/es unknown
- 2010-10-26 EP EP10828860.6A patent/EP2493744B1/en active Active
- 2010-10-26 BR BR112012010020A patent/BR112012010020B1/pt active IP Right Grant
- 2010-10-26 AU AU2010315553A patent/AU2010315553B2/en active Active
- 2010-10-26 NZ NZ629384A patent/NZ629384A/en unknown
- 2010-10-28 AR ARP100103966A patent/AR078809A1/es active IP Right Grant
-
2013
- 2013-08-05 US US13/958,987 patent/US9248849B2/en active Active
-
2015
- 2015-12-18 US US14/973,976 patent/US10017197B2/en active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2011056596A3 (en) | 2011-08-18 |
BR112012010020B1 (pt) | 2019-12-17 |
MX338795B (es) | 2016-05-02 |
ES2727979T3 (es) | 2019-10-21 |
US20130313373A1 (en) | 2013-11-28 |
NZ629384A (en) | 2015-02-27 |
BR112012010020A2 (pt) | 2016-08-16 |
EP2493744A4 (en) | 2016-05-25 |
NZ599515A (en) | 2014-09-26 |
US20160101793A1 (en) | 2016-04-14 |
MX2012005101A (es) | 2012-12-05 |
US8500071B2 (en) | 2013-08-06 |
US10017197B2 (en) | 2018-07-10 |
EP2493744A2 (en) | 2012-09-05 |
EP2493744B1 (en) | 2019-02-27 |
WO2011056596A2 (en) | 2011-05-12 |
US9248849B2 (en) | 2016-02-02 |
US20110095139A1 (en) | 2011-04-28 |
AU2010315553B2 (en) | 2015-07-09 |
AU2010315553A1 (en) | 2012-05-17 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
AR078809A1 (es) | Metodo y aparato para senalizacion bidireccional de un paso a nivel contiguo siguiente | |
CL2015000960A1 (es) | Método y aparato para detección de ruidos de señal en un medio de comunicación alámbrica | |
EP3023315A3 (en) | System and method for early train detection | |
MX2015010743A (es) | Sistema, metodo y aparato para detectar e informar defectos en la estructura de una via. | |
WO2012150815A3 (ko) | 무선 접속 시스템에서 장치 간 통신 수행 방법 및 이를 위한 장치 | |
BR112012017734A2 (pt) | aparelho e método para detecção de interfrência em comunicações. | |
AR091624A1 (es) | Aparato de procesamiento de datos, sistema pos y metodo de control del sistema pos | |
JP2011040832A5 (es) | ||
BR112012017161A2 (pt) | método e parelho para manter comunicações com um veículo na presença de congestionamento | |
CN104895608A (zh) | 隧道情况检测器 | |
WO2014048714A3 (de) | Verfahren zum betreiben eines mobilen gerätes in einem eisenbahnsystem, eisenbahnsystem und mobiles gerät | |
BRPI0900066A2 (pt) | sistema iniciador e método para um sistema de monitoramento de pressão de pneu | |
MX368399B (es) | Deteccion de la direccion y la ruta de un tren mediante sensores inalambricos. | |
CN104895606A (zh) | 一种新型隧道情况检测器 | |
IN2014DN05629A (es) | ||
MX2015014800A (es) | Deteccion de trenes con frecuencia variable. | |
MX2017000289A (es) | Sistema y metodo para monitorear vehiculos moviles. | |
GB201312838D0 (en) | Non-linear optical receiver | |
AR101852A1 (es) | Sistema y método para detectar la rotura de raíles en una línea ferroviaria | |
CL2015001169A1 (es) | Cliente local para la detección de micro-filtros en conexión vdsl, basado en el método selt | |
MX2020002731A (es) | Sistema para monitoreo ferroviario. | |
MX2013006237A (es) | Aparato y metodo de transmision y recepcion de datos en sistema de comunicacion. | |
CN104895607A (zh) | 隧道情况分析仪 | |
CN105507949A (zh) | 隧道情况检测器 | |
CN104895609A (zh) | 隧道情况分析仪 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
FG | Grant, registration |