ZA968199B - Biodegradable filter material and method for preparing it - Google Patents

Biodegradable filter material and method for preparing it

Info

Publication number
ZA968199B
ZA968199B ZA968199A ZA968199A ZA968199B ZA 968199 B ZA968199 B ZA 968199B ZA 968199 A ZA968199 A ZA 968199A ZA 968199 A ZA968199 A ZA 968199A ZA 968199 B ZA968199 B ZA 968199B
Authority
ZA
South Africa
Prior art keywords
preparing
filter material
biodegradable filter
biodegradable
filter
Prior art date
Application number
ZA968199A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Juergen Loercks
Harald Schmidt
Original Assignee
Biotec Biolog Naturverpack
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=7773698&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=ZA968199(B) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Biotec Biolog Naturverpack filed Critical Biotec Biolog Naturverpack
Publication of ZA968199B publication Critical patent/ZA968199B/xx

Links

Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24DCIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/06Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
    • A24D3/067Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters characterised by functional properties
    • A24D3/068Biodegradable or disintegrable
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24DCIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/06Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
    • A24D3/08Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of organic materials as carrier or major constituent
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S264/00Plastic and nonmetallic article shaping or treating: processes
    • Y10S264/48Processes of making filters

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Biological Depolymerization Polymers (AREA)
  • Cigarettes, Filters, And Manufacturing Of Filters (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
  • Shaping By String And By Release Of Stress In Plastics And The Like (AREA)
  • Filtering Materials (AREA)
ZA968199A 1995-09-29 1996-09-03 Biodegradable filter material and method for preparing it ZA968199B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19536505A DE19536505A1 (de) 1995-09-29 1995-09-29 Biologisch abbaubares Filtermaterial und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
ZA968199B true ZA968199B (en) 1997-05-02

Family

ID=7773698

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
ZA968199A ZA968199B (en) 1995-09-29 1996-09-03 Biodegradable filter material and method for preparing it

Country Status (22)

Country Link
US (1) US6062228A (ru)
EP (1) EP0861036B1 (ru)
JP (1) JP3266272B2 (ru)
KR (1) KR100261855B1 (ru)
CN (1) CN1113618C (ru)
AR (1) AR003751A1 (ru)
AT (1) ATE188599T1 (ru)
AU (1) AU696205B2 (ru)
BR (1) BR9611208A (ru)
CA (1) CA2233368C (ru)
CO (1) CO4750781A1 (ru)
DE (2) DE19536505A1 (ru)
ES (1) ES2141539T3 (ru)
GR (1) GR3032900T3 (ru)
ID (1) ID18221A (ru)
PL (1) PL180599B1 (ru)
PT (1) PT861036E (ru)
RU (1) RU2153828C2 (ru)
TR (1) TR199800561T1 (ru)
TW (1) TW546125B (ru)
WO (1) WO1997012528A1 (ru)
ZA (1) ZA968199B (ru)

Families Citing this family (75)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2201173T3 (es) * 1995-04-07 2004-03-16 BIO-TEC BIOLOGISCHE NATURVERPACKUNGEN GMBH & CO. KG Mezcla de polimeros biologicamente degradable.
US5911224A (en) * 1997-05-01 1999-06-15 Filtrona International Limited Biodegradable polyvinyl alcohol tobacco smoke filters, tobacco smoke products incorporating such filters, and methods and apparatus for making same
US6573340B1 (en) 2000-08-23 2003-06-03 Biotec Biologische Naturverpackungen Gmbh & Co. Kg Biodegradable polymer films and sheets suitable for use as laminate coatings as well as wraps and other packaging materials
US7297394B2 (en) 2002-03-01 2007-11-20 Bio-Tec Biologische Naturverpackungen Gmbh & Co. Kg Biodegradable films and sheets suitable for use as coatings, wraps and packaging materials
US7241832B2 (en) * 2002-03-01 2007-07-10 bio-tec Biologische Naturverpackungen GmbH & Co., KG Biodegradable polymer blends for use in making films, sheets and other articles of manufacture
DE10206924B4 (de) * 2002-02-19 2005-12-15 Papierfabrik Schoeller & Hoesch Gmbh & Co. Kg Heisssiegelfähige Filtermaterialien
KR20030075882A (ko) * 2002-03-21 2003-09-26 주식회사 그린메이드 전분 화이버 부직포로 제조된 에어필터 및 그 제조방법
US6863074B2 (en) * 2002-08-30 2005-03-08 Philip Morris Usa Inc. Cigarette filters comprising unfunctionalized porous polyaromatic resins for removing gas phase constituents from mainstream tobacco smoke
DE10252823A1 (de) * 2002-11-13 2004-06-09 Biotec Biologische Naturverpackungen Gmbh & Co. Kg Filterelement
US7306093B2 (en) * 2003-02-14 2007-12-11 Eastman Chemical Company Packages, packaging systems, methods for packaging and apparatus for packaging
US7172814B2 (en) * 2003-06-03 2007-02-06 Bio-Tec Biologische Naturverpackungen Gmbh & Co Fibrous sheets coated or impregnated with biodegradable polymers or polymers blends
DE502004003664D1 (de) 2003-09-03 2007-06-14 Hauni Maschinenbau Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines Filterstrangs
US20050238774A1 (en) * 2004-04-22 2005-10-27 Gold Medal Products Co. Cotton candy machine
PT1602600T (pt) * 2004-06-03 2020-01-24 Novamont Spa Sistema ventilado para recolha de resíduos orgânicos
US7856989B2 (en) * 2004-12-30 2010-12-28 Philip Morris Usa Inc. Electrostatically produced fast dissolving fibers
US7989524B2 (en) * 2005-07-19 2011-08-02 The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture Fiber-reinforced starch-based compositions and methods of manufacture and use
US20070021515A1 (en) * 2005-07-19 2007-01-25 United States (as represented by the Secretary of Agriculture) Expandable starch-based beads and method of manufacturing molded articles therefrom
US20070074733A1 (en) * 2005-10-04 2007-04-05 Philip Morris Usa Inc. Cigarettes having hollow fibers
CN1817253B (zh) * 2005-12-21 2010-05-12 宁波经济技术开发区亚太实业有限公司 一种烟气过滤材料及其制备方法
PL2007233T3 (pl) 2006-03-28 2020-03-31 Philip Morris Products S.A. Wyrób do palenia z ogranicznikiem
DE102006018101A1 (de) * 2006-04-18 2007-10-25 Hauni Maschinenbau Ag Aufbereitungseinheit zur Aufbereitung mindestens eines Filtertowstreifens sowie eine Vorrichtung mit mindestens zwei derartigen Aufbereitungseinheiten
US8353298B2 (en) * 2006-07-12 2013-01-15 Philip Morris Usa Inc. Smoking article with impaction filter segment
US20080047571A1 (en) * 2006-07-12 2008-02-28 Philip Morris Usa Inc. Smoking article with plate impactor
US8602036B2 (en) * 2006-08-03 2013-12-10 Philip Morris Usa Inc. Smoking articles enhanced to deliver additives incorporated within electrospun microfibers and nonofibers, and related methods
US8424539B2 (en) * 2006-08-08 2013-04-23 Philip Morris Usa Inc. Smoking article with single piece restrictor and chamber
US7896011B2 (en) * 2006-08-08 2011-03-01 Philip Morris Usa, Inc. Method of forming a filter component
TW200911141A (en) * 2007-03-09 2009-03-16 Philip Morris Prod Super recessed filter cigarette restrictor
TW200911138A (en) * 2007-03-09 2009-03-16 Philip Morris Prod Smoking articles with restrictor and aerosol former
US20080216850A1 (en) * 2007-03-09 2008-09-11 Philip Morris Usa Inc. Restrictor attachment for unfiltered smoking article
TW200900014A (en) * 2007-03-09 2009-01-01 Philip Morris Prod Smoking article filter with annular restrictor and downstream ventilation
US7878210B2 (en) * 2007-06-04 2011-02-01 Philip Morris Usa Inc. Cellulose acetate fiber modification
US8113215B2 (en) * 2007-06-21 2012-02-14 Philip Morris Usa Inc. Smoking article filter having liquid additive containing tubes therein
EP2253231A1 (en) * 2009-05-18 2010-11-24 Philip Morris Products S.A. Smoking article with improved flow restriction element
US9220297B2 (en) * 2009-08-07 2015-12-29 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Materials, equipment, and methods for manufacturing cigarettes
US8434498B2 (en) * 2009-08-11 2013-05-07 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Degradable filter element
US8424540B2 (en) * 2009-10-09 2013-04-23 Philip Morris Usa Inc. Smoking article with valved restrictor
GB2474694B (en) * 2009-10-23 2011-11-02 Innovia Films Ltd Biodegradable composites
GB0922253D0 (en) * 2009-12-21 2010-02-03 British American Tobacco Co Sheet filter materials with additives
CN102134758B (zh) * 2010-01-27 2012-06-13 大亚科技股份有限公司 一种改性烟用丝束制备方法
US9138016B2 (en) 2010-03-26 2015-09-22 Philip Morris Usa Inc. Smoking articles with significantly reduced gas vapor phase smoking constituents
US9226524B2 (en) 2010-03-26 2016-01-05 Philip Morris Usa Inc. Biopolymer foams as filters for smoking articles
US20120000481A1 (en) 2010-06-30 2012-01-05 Dennis Potter Degradable filter element for smoking article
US8950407B2 (en) 2010-06-30 2015-02-10 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Degradable adhesive compositions for smoking articles
US20120000480A1 (en) 2010-06-30 2012-01-05 Sebastian Andries D Biodegradable cigarette filter
WO2012012053A1 (en) 2010-06-30 2012-01-26 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Biodegradable cigarette filter
US20120017925A1 (en) 2010-06-30 2012-01-26 Sebastian Andries D Degradable cigarette filter
CN101889732A (zh) * 2010-07-19 2010-11-24 湖北金叶玉阳化纤有限公司 一种聚乳酸纤维烟用丝束的制备方法
GB201105455D0 (en) * 2011-03-31 2011-05-18 British American Tobacco Co Blends of a polylactic acid and a water soluble polymer
US20120305015A1 (en) * 2011-05-31 2012-12-06 Sebastian Andries D Coated paper filter
KR101624592B1 (ko) 2011-06-23 2016-05-27 브리티시 아메리칸 토바코 (인베스트먼츠) 리미티드 폴리락타이드 섬유를 포함한 필터 재료
GB201112402D0 (en) 2011-07-19 2011-08-31 British American Tobacco Co Cellulose acetate compositions
KR101414000B1 (ko) 2011-07-29 2014-08-06 조대행 생분해성 유체 여과용 필터
US8973588B2 (en) 2011-07-29 2015-03-10 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Plasticizer composition for degradable polyester filter tow
US9289012B2 (en) 2011-07-29 2016-03-22 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Plasticizer composition for degradable polyester filter tow
CN102511929A (zh) * 2011-11-10 2012-06-27 云南正邦生物技术有限公司 一种通风固形复合嘴棒及其制备方法
PL219777B1 (pl) * 2012-03-26 2015-07-31 Int Tobacco Machinery Poland Układ czyszczący do transportera bębnowego urządzenia do podawania segmentów filtrowych do urządzenia produkującego filtry wielosegmentowe oraz sposób czyszczenia transportera bębnowego
US9179709B2 (en) 2012-07-25 2015-11-10 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Mixed fiber sliver for use in the manufacture of cigarette filter elements
US9119419B2 (en) 2012-10-10 2015-09-01 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Filter material for a filter element of a smoking article, and associated system and method
PL223115B1 (pl) * 2013-02-15 2016-10-31 Int Tobacco Machinery Poland Spółka Z Ograniczoną Odpowiedzialnością Sposób, mechanizm i urządzenie do chwilowego kompresowania materiału filtracyjnego
CN103300475B (zh) * 2013-06-28 2014-12-03 湖北中烟工业有限责任公司 可降解型烟用复合滤棒的制备方法
US20160073686A1 (en) 2014-09-12 2016-03-17 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Tobacco-derived filter element
US10400105B2 (en) 2015-06-19 2019-09-03 The Research Foundation For The State University Of New York Extruded starch-lignin foams
JP2017007296A (ja) * 2015-06-25 2017-01-12 株式会社カネカ 断熱性能に優れた押出発泡成形体の製造方法
CN105011346B (zh) * 2015-08-04 2017-01-25 湖南中烟工业有限责任公司 一种再造烟草薄片丝的制备方法
CN105686074B (zh) * 2016-03-08 2019-11-26 云南中烟工业有限责任公司 一种可生物降解的滤嘴香料棒及其制备方法
US10524500B2 (en) 2016-06-10 2020-01-07 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Staple fiber blend for use in the manufacture of cigarette filter elements
CN106245157A (zh) * 2016-08-30 2016-12-21 甘木林 一种多功能高分子过滤纤维材料
CN109123771B (zh) * 2017-06-28 2021-03-16 湖南中烟工业有限责任公司 一种空芯卷烟滤棒及其制备方法和应用
KR102035303B1 (ko) * 2018-02-13 2019-10-22 대구보건대학교산학협력단 치기공용 폐석고 처리장치
PL3897225T3 (pl) * 2018-12-18 2023-03-20 Philip Morris Products S.A. Sposób i urządzenie do wytwarzania arkusza materiału zawierającego alkaloidy
HUE060800T2 (hu) * 2018-12-18 2023-04-28 Philip Morris Products Sa Eljárás és berendezés lap elõállítására alkaloidokat tartalmazó anyagból
CN112496743A (zh) * 2020-12-14 2021-03-16 黄军辉 一种复合型烟虑嘴自动装配机
KR102327742B1 (ko) * 2021-04-14 2021-11-17 김순연 담체 제조방법 및 그 제품
CN115413819A (zh) * 2022-09-23 2022-12-02 云南中烟工业有限责任公司 一种分组加工的聚乳酸纤维滤棒及其制备方法
WO2024123567A1 (en) * 2022-12-06 2024-06-13 Greenbutts Llc Fiber cell structure expansion process

Family Cites Families (27)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3026226A (en) * 1957-12-09 1962-03-20 Eastman Kodak Co Process of manufacturing filters
DE3710677A1 (de) * 1987-03-31 1988-10-13 Bat Cigarettenfab Gmbh Vorrichtung zum expandieren von zerkleinertem tabakmaterial
GB8712617D0 (en) * 1987-05-28 1987-07-01 British American Tobacco Co Tobacco smoke filters
IE66735B1 (en) * 1988-11-03 1996-02-07 Biotec Biolog Naturverpack Thermoplastically workable starch and a method for the manufacture thereof
US4863655A (en) * 1988-12-30 1989-09-05 National Starch And Chemical Corporation Biodegradable packaging material and the method of preparation thereof
US5153037A (en) * 1988-12-30 1992-10-06 National Starch And Chemical Investment Holding Corporation Biodegradable shaped products and the method of preparation thereof
DE4013304C2 (de) * 1990-04-26 1993-11-25 Bat Cigarettenfab Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung von Cigarettenfiltern sowie Cigarettenfilter
DE4013293A1 (de) * 1990-04-26 1991-11-07 Bat Cigarettenfab Gmbh Cigarettenfilter
EP0536407B1 (en) * 1991-03-11 1997-02-12 Japan Tobacco Inc. Vented filter cigarette
DE4109603A1 (de) * 1991-03-23 1992-09-24 Hauni Werke Koerber & Co Kg Verfahren und vorrichtung zum herstellen von filterstaeben fuer zigaretten
DE4116404A1 (de) * 1991-05-18 1992-11-19 Tomka Ivan Polymermischung fuer die herstellung von folien
JPH0525152A (ja) * 1991-07-22 1993-02-02 Japan Tobacco Inc 3−dpa−ラクトンの製造法
AT396862B (de) * 1991-10-22 1993-12-27 Austria Tabakwerke Ag Verfahren zur herstellung eines zelluloseazetat-kabels und zigarettenfilter daraus
GB9122447D0 (en) * 1991-10-23 1991-12-04 Rothmans Int Tobacco Lightweight cigarette filter and cigarettes incorporating such filters
DE4136694C2 (de) * 1991-11-07 1996-10-10 Inventa Ag Stärkefaser oder Stärke-modifizierte Faser, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung sowie ihre Verwendung
SG47625A1 (en) * 1991-11-14 1998-04-17 Bio Tech Biolog Naturverparkun Biodegradable mould material
JP3283574B2 (ja) * 1992-06-30 2002-05-20 日本たばこ産業株式会社 たばこ製造機の紙巻たばこ軸方向移動装置
TW256845B (ru) * 1992-11-13 1995-09-11 Taisyal Kagaku Kogyo Kk
GB9305066D0 (en) * 1993-03-12 1993-04-28 British American Tobacco Co Improvements relating to filtration materials
DE4322965C1 (de) * 1993-07-09 1994-10-06 Rhodia Ag Rhone Poulenc Filtertow und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung sowie dessen Verwendung als Tabakrauchfilterelement
DE4322966C2 (de) * 1993-07-09 1995-10-26 Rhodia Ag Rhone Poulenc Aus Celluloseacetat geformte Gebilde und ihre Verwendung als Filtertow und Tabakrauchfilterelement
DE4322967C1 (de) * 1993-07-09 1994-10-13 Rhodia Ag Rhone Poulenc Filtertow aus Celluloseacetat, dessen Herstellung und Verwendung als Tabakrauchfilterelement
CA2127817C (en) * 1993-07-13 2007-07-03 Hitoshi Tsugaya Tobacco filters and method of producing the same
TW241198B (en) * 1993-09-06 1995-02-21 Daicel Chem A tobacco filter material and a method of producing the same
US5497793A (en) * 1993-09-22 1996-03-12 Kubica; Stephen A. Cigarette and soluble cigarette filter therefor
US5396909A (en) * 1993-12-16 1995-03-14 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Smoking article filter
DE4409465A1 (de) * 1994-03-19 1995-09-21 Kinkel Werner Helmut Biologisch abbaubare Vliese und Vliesverbundmaterialien

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
PT861036E (pt) 2000-06-30
CO4750781A1 (es) 1999-03-31
BR9611208A (pt) 1999-04-06
EP0861036B1 (de) 2000-01-12
KR19990044684A (ko) 1999-06-25
WO1997012528A1 (de) 1997-04-10
AU7215996A (en) 1997-04-28
DE59604195D1 (de) 2000-02-17
EP0861036A1 (de) 1998-09-02
PL180599B1 (pl) 2001-03-30
ID18221A (id) 1998-03-19
GR3032900T3 (en) 2000-07-31
AU696205B2 (en) 1998-09-03
ES2141539T3 (es) 2000-03-16
TW546125B (en) 2003-08-11
PL325968A1 (en) 1998-08-17
DE19536505A1 (de) 1997-04-10
TR199800561T1 (xx) 1998-06-22
CA2233368C (en) 2000-12-05
CN1113618C (zh) 2003-07-09
CN1198080A (zh) 1998-11-04
AR003751A1 (es) 1998-09-09
RU2153828C2 (ru) 2000-08-10
KR100261855B1 (ko) 2000-08-01
US6062228A (en) 2000-05-16
JP3266272B2 (ja) 2002-03-18
CA2233368A1 (en) 1997-04-10
ATE188599T1 (de) 2000-01-15
JPH11500629A (ja) 1999-01-19

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
ZA968199B (en) Biodegradable filter material and method for preparing it
EP0706766A3 (en) Filtering material for tobacco smoke and its manufacturing process
AU5348398A (en) Superabsorbent material and method for producing said material
HUP0000436A3 (en) Method and apparatus for making an article from a formable material
EP0897745A4 (en) METHOD FOR PRODUCING GRANULAR MATERIAL
EP0735674A3 (en) Method and device for adaptive filtering
AUPN599495A0 (en) Method and apparatus for sizing particulate material
EP0826786A4 (en) MAGNETOSTRICTIVE MATERIAL AND PREPARATION METHOD
GB2315704B (en) Filtering material, method for producing it and apparatus for carrying out the method
IL135301A0 (en) Filter material construction and method
GB2328888B (en) Filter cartridge and method for producing it
EP0719633A3 (en) Method and device for producing a strip material
EP0702100A4 (en) METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING SINGLE CRYSTAL MATERIALS
HU9501846D0 (en) Complex material and method for making and application thereof
GB9523154D0 (en) Filtration apparatus and method
AU4049195A (en) Stretchable nonwoven fabric and method for making it
AU1512299A (en) Superabsorbent material and method for producing said material
SG44059A1 (en) Process for preparing acetoxyazetidinone derivative and intermediate thereof
GB9526008D0 (en) Grating and method and apparatus for its manufacture
AU9097598A (en) Method and device for making bags from net material
GB9618460D0 (en) Coinage material and process for production thereof
KR0184585B1 (en) Biodegradable fixation material and apparatus for producing the same
HUP9700154A2 (en) Liqueur-emulsion, needed basic material for that and process for producing of basic material
HU9500942D0 (en) Filter material
AU7207096A (en) Method and apparatus for sizing particulate material