ZA200303358B - Method for the production of water-in-water polymer dispersions - Google Patents
Method for the production of water-in-water polymer dispersions Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- ZA200303358B ZA200303358B ZA2003/03358A ZA200303358A ZA200303358B ZA 200303358 B ZA200303358 B ZA 200303358B ZA 2003/03358 A ZA2003/03358 A ZA 2003/03358A ZA 200303358 A ZA200303358 A ZA 200303358A ZA 200303358 B ZA200303358 B ZA 200303358B
- Authority
- ZA
- South Africa
- Prior art keywords
- acid
- water
- per
- weight
- dispersion
- Prior art date
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- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 title claims description 129
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 96
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 64
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 60
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 59
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 58
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 23
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000004815 dispersion polymer Substances 0.000 claims description 20
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- 235000015165 citric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 18
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 14
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- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000011167 hydrochloric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000005711 Benzoic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
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- 235000010233 benzoic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 11
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- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
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- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
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- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
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- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- -1 sulpho Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
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- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- NJSSICCENMLTKO-HRCBOCMUSA-N [(1r,2s,4r,5r)-3-hydroxy-4-(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyloxy-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-yl] 4-methylbenzenesulfonate Chemical group C1=CC(C)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)O[C@H]1C(O)[C@@H](OS(=O)(=O)C=2C=CC(C)=CC=2)[C@@H]2OC[C@H]1O2 NJSSICCENMLTKO-HRCBOCMUSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
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- JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C=2NC=CN=2)=C1 JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OFNISBHGPNMTMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylideneoxolane-2,5-dione Chemical compound C=C1CC(=O)OC1=O OFNISBHGPNMTMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000371 poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000019394 potassium persulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019423 pullulan Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- JXAZAUKOWVKTLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium pyrosulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OS([O-])(=O)=O JXAZAUKOWVKTLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000004222 uncontrolled growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/02—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques
- C08J3/03—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques in aqueous media
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Polymerisation Methods In General (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Separation Of Suspended Particles By Flocculating Agents (AREA)
- Emulsifying, Dispersing, Foam-Producing Or Wetting Agents (AREA)
- Colloid Chemistry (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10061483A DE10061483A1 (de) | 2000-12-08 | 2000-12-08 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Wasser-in-Wasser-Polymerdispersionen |
| PCT/EP2001/014062 WO2002046275A1 (de) | 2000-12-08 | 2001-12-01 | Verfahren zur herstellung von wasser-in-wasser-polymerdispersionen |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ZA200303358B true ZA200303358B (en) | 2005-07-27 |
Family
ID=7666565
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ZA2003/03358A ZA200303358B (en) | 2000-12-08 | 2003-04-30 | Method for the production of water-in-water polymer dispersions |
Country Status (23)
Families Citing this family (48)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10041394A1 (de) * | 2000-08-23 | 2002-03-07 | Stockhausen Chem Fab Gmbh | Verwendung von Wasser-in-Wasser-Polymerdispersionen zur Feuerverhütung und -bekämpfung |
| DE10041395A1 (de) * | 2000-08-23 | 2002-03-07 | Stockhausen Chem Fab Gmbh | Polymerdispersionen zur Feuerverhütung und -bekämpfung mit verbesserter Umweltverträglichkeit |
| DE10118020A1 (de) | 2001-04-10 | 2002-10-17 | Stockhausen Chem Fab Gmbh | Löschwasser-Additive |
| DE10241296A1 (de) * | 2002-09-04 | 2004-03-18 | Basf Ag | Verwendung von vernetzten kationischen Polymerisaten in der Kosmetik |
| DE10336534A1 (de) * | 2003-08-05 | 2005-02-24 | Stockhausen Gmbh | Verfahren zur Verminderung der Schwermetallkonzentration in Abwasseraufbereitungsschlämmen |
| DE102004013750A1 (de) | 2004-03-18 | 2005-11-03 | Stockhausen Gmbh | Anionische Wasser-in-Wasser-Polymerdispersionen, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung sowie deren Verwendung |
| DE102004063793A1 (de) * | 2004-12-30 | 2006-07-13 | Stockhausen Gmbh | Hoch kationische Polymerdispersionen, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung und deren Verwendung |
| DE102004063791A1 (de) | 2004-12-30 | 2006-07-13 | Stockhausen Gmbh | Kationische Polymerdispersionen, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung und deren Verwendung |
| US7981250B2 (en) * | 2006-09-14 | 2011-07-19 | Kemira Oyj | Method for paper processing |
| US8088250B2 (en) | 2008-11-26 | 2012-01-03 | Nalco Company | Method of increasing filler content in papermaking |
| US7703527B2 (en) | 2007-11-26 | 2010-04-27 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Aqueous two-phase emulsion gel systems for zone isolation |
| WO2009095245A2 (en) * | 2008-02-01 | 2009-08-06 | Ashland Licensing And Intellectual Property Llc. | Hydrophobically associated polymers in water-in-water polymer dispersions |
| PL2148001T3 (pl) | 2008-07-23 | 2016-07-29 | Solenis Technologies Cayman Lp | Roztwarzanie materiału celulozowego w obecności polimeru kationowego |
| US8865632B1 (en) | 2008-11-10 | 2014-10-21 | Cesi Chemical, Inc. | Drag-reducing copolymer compositions |
| US20100184631A1 (en) * | 2009-01-16 | 2010-07-22 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Provision of viscous compositions below ground |
| PT2419462E (pt) | 2009-04-17 | 2015-09-16 | Solenis Technologies Cayman Lp | Polímero bimolecular em emulsão inversa |
| BR112012004037B1 (pt) | 2009-08-24 | 2021-06-01 | Solenis Technologies Cayman, L.P. | Dispersões poliméricas água-em-água, método para produzir as referidas dispersões e uso das mesmas |
| KR101533873B1 (ko) | 2009-08-24 | 2015-07-03 | 앳슈랜드 라이센싱 앤드 인텔렉츄얼 프라퍼티 엘엘씨 | 수중수형 중합체 분산물 중의 음이온성 가교결합 중합체 |
| PT2519692T (pt) | 2009-12-29 | 2017-04-24 | Solenis Technologies Cayman Lp | Processo para melhorar a resistência do papel no estado seco, através do tratamento com polímeros contendo vinilamina e polímeros contendo acrilamida |
| PT2609250T (pt) | 2010-08-25 | 2016-10-26 | Solenis Technologies Cayman Lp | Processo para aumentar as vantagens do amido no material celulósico transformado em pasta, na produção de papel e de cartão |
| WO2012100156A1 (en) | 2011-01-20 | 2012-07-26 | Hercules Incorporated | Enhanced dry strength and drainage performance by combining glyoxalated acrylamide-containing polymers with cationic aqueous dispersion polymers |
| EP2748373B1 (en) | 2011-08-25 | 2024-02-21 | Solenis Technologies Cayman, L.P. | Method for increasing the advantages of strength aids in the production of paper and paperboard |
| RU2620394C2 (ru) | 2011-10-19 | 2017-05-25 | Соленис Текнолоджиз Кейман, Л.П. | Композиция, содержащая неионогенное поверхностно-активное вещество и ионогенный полимер |
| WO2013179139A1 (en) | 2012-05-30 | 2013-12-05 | Kemira Oyj | Compositions and methods of making paper products |
| BR112015004979B1 (pt) | 2012-09-19 | 2021-07-27 | Solenis Technologies Cayman, L.P. | Processo para melhorar as propriedades reológicas de uma pasta mineral |
| US9567708B2 (en) | 2014-01-16 | 2017-02-14 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Wet end chemicals for dry end strength in paper |
| US8894817B1 (en) | 2014-01-16 | 2014-11-25 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Wet end chemicals for dry end strength |
| US9885155B2 (en) | 2014-04-16 | 2018-02-06 | Solenis Technologies, L.P. | Modified vinylamine containing polymers and their use in papermaking |
| US9920482B2 (en) | 2014-10-06 | 2018-03-20 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Method of increasing paper strength |
| US9702086B2 (en) | 2014-10-06 | 2017-07-11 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Method of increasing paper strength using an amine containing polymer composition |
| CN104449617B (zh) * | 2014-11-26 | 2018-05-08 | 胜利油田胜利化工有限责任公司 | 一种阴离子聚丙烯酰胺水包水乳液堵水调剖剂及其制备方法和使用用法 |
| US9783933B2 (en) | 2015-04-10 | 2017-10-10 | Solenis Technologies, L.P. | Modified vinylamine-containing polymers and their use in papermaking |
| CN109072558A (zh) | 2016-05-13 | 2018-12-21 | 艺康美国股份有限公司 | 薄纸粉尘减少 |
| EP3510199A1 (en) | 2016-09-07 | 2019-07-17 | Kemira Oyj | Method for manufacture of paper, board or the like and use of the composition |
| KR102570466B1 (ko) | 2016-09-16 | 2023-08-28 | 솔레니스 테크놀러지스, 엘.피. | 마이크로피브릴화 셀룰로스를 사용한 제지 시스템에서의 증가된 배수 성능 |
| EP3601669B1 (en) * | 2017-03-29 | 2023-09-13 | Kemira Oyj | Method for producing paper, board or the like |
| CN111406136B (zh) | 2017-10-03 | 2022-12-30 | 索理思科技公司 | 造纸工艺中化学效率的提高 |
| CN110819405A (zh) * | 2019-11-19 | 2020-02-21 | 安徽鑫固环保股份有限公司 | 羟丙基纤维素制备的改性梳型水煤浆分散剂及制备方法 |
| DE102022114638A1 (de) | 2022-06-10 | 2023-12-21 | Solenis Technologies Cayman, L.P. | Polymerdispersionen mit hohem molekulargewicht |
| DE102022114642A1 (de) | 2022-06-10 | 2023-12-21 | Solenis Technologies Cayman, L.P. | Polymerdispersionen mit hohem molekulargewicht, hergestellt unter kontrollierten adiabatischen bedingungen |
| DE102022114644A1 (de) | 2022-06-10 | 2023-12-21 | Solenis Technologies Cayman, L.P. | Hochmolekulare polymerdispersionen mit metallfängern |
| EP4289875A1 (en) | 2022-06-10 | 2023-12-13 | Solenis Technologies Cayman, L.P. | High molecular weight polymeric dispersions with tailored molecular weight of polymeric dispersant |
| DE102022114641A1 (de) | 2022-06-10 | 2023-12-21 | Solenis Technologies Cayman, L.P. | Hochmolekulare polymerdispersionen mit massgeschneidertem molekulargewicht des polymeren dispersionsmittels |
| DE102022114640A1 (de) | 2022-06-10 | 2023-12-21 | Solenis Technologies Cayman, L.P. | Hochmolekulare polymerdispersionen mit homopolymerem dispergiermittel |
| DE102023119843A1 (de) | 2023-07-26 | 2025-01-30 | Solenis Technologies Cayman, L.P. | Polymeres dispergiermittel zur herstellung einer wasser-in-wasser-dispersion, die durch polymerisation in gegenwart eines amins hergestellt wird |
| DE102023119844A1 (de) | 2023-07-26 | 2025-01-30 | Solenis Technologies Cayman, L.P. | Polymere dispersionen mit hohem molekulargewicht, die im batch-reaktor hergestellt werden |
| DE102023119841A1 (de) | 2023-07-26 | 2025-01-30 | Solenis Technologies Cayman, L.P. | Verfahren zur herstellung einer wasser-in-wasser-polymerdispersion unter anwendung eines scherprofils |
| DE102023119842A1 (de) | 2023-07-26 | 2025-01-30 | Solenis Technologies Cayman, L.P. | Polymere dispersionen mit hohem molekulargewicht, enthaltend homopolymeres dispergiermittel, hergestellt durch kontrollierte polymerisation |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2322883A1 (de) * | 1973-05-07 | 1974-11-28 | Roehm Gmbh | Wasserloesliche polymerisate |
| CA1267483A (en) | 1984-11-19 | 1990-04-03 | Hisao Takeda | Process for the production of a water-soluble polymer dispersion |
| DE4124819A1 (de) † | 1991-07-26 | 1993-01-28 | Basf Ag | Waessrige polymerisatdispersionen |
| US5330772A (en) | 1992-12-11 | 1994-07-19 | Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company | Use of gum guaiac as an antioxidant in chewing gum |
| EP0630909B1 (en) † | 1993-06-04 | 1998-10-14 | Nalco Chemical Company | Dispersion polymerization process |
| DE9314249U1 (de) | 1993-09-21 | 1993-12-02 | Klaus Kunststofftechnik Gmbh, 87700 Memmingen | Bausteinsystem |
| US6133368A (en) | 1993-12-09 | 2000-10-17 | Nalco Chemical Company | Seed process for salt dispersion polymer |
| GB2308123A (en) * | 1995-12-15 | 1997-06-18 | Mitsubishi Chem Corp | Process for the preparation of an aqueous solution or dispersion containing cationic polymer |
| JP3580397B2 (ja) * | 1996-06-20 | 2004-10-20 | 栗田工業株式会社 | 水溶性カチオンポリマー水系分散液の製造方法 |
| AU3918297A (en) † | 1996-09-24 | 1998-03-26 | Nalco Chemical Company | Hydrophilic dispersion polymers for paper applications |
| IL129196A0 (en) | 1996-10-03 | 2000-02-17 | Cytec Tech Corp | Aqueous dispersions |
| MY118538A (en) * | 1997-01-20 | 2004-12-31 | Ciba Spec Chem Water Treat Ltd | Polymeric compositions and their production and uses |
| MY120719A (en) | 1997-01-20 | 2005-11-30 | Ciba Spec Chem Water Treat Ltd | Polymeric compositions and their production and uses |
| US6426383B1 (en) | 1997-05-28 | 2002-07-30 | Nalco Chemical Company | Preparation of water soluble polymer dispersions from vinylamide monomers |
| DE19851024A1 (de) † | 1998-11-05 | 2000-05-11 | Basf Ag | Wäßrige Dispersionen von wasserlöslichen Polymerisaten von N-Vinylcarbonsäureamiden, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und ihre Verwendung |
| CA2368604C (en) † | 1999-04-09 | 2008-12-02 | Nalco Chemical Company | Higher actives dispersion polymer to aid clarification, dewatering, and retention and drainage |
-
2000
- 2000-12-08 DE DE10061483A patent/DE10061483A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2001
- 2001-12-01 WO PCT/EP2001/014062 patent/WO2002046275A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 2001-12-01 CA CA2427713A patent/CA2427713C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-12-01 DK DK01990467T patent/DK1353975T3/da active
- 2001-12-01 NZ NZ526739A patent/NZ526739A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-12-01 PL PL362248A patent/PL204175B1/pl unknown
- 2001-12-01 DE DE50108702T patent/DE50108702D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-12-01 PT PT01990467T patent/PT1353975E/pt unknown
- 2001-12-01 JP JP2002548007A patent/JP4012067B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-12-01 US US10/432,624 patent/US7323510B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-12-01 ES ES01990467T patent/ES2256321T5/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-12-01 MX MXPA03005104 patent/MX243000B/es active IP Right Grant
- 2001-12-01 AU AU2002229585A patent/AU2002229585B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2001-12-01 KR KR1020037007649A patent/KR100886025B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-12-01 BR BRPI0116006-0A patent/BR0116006B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-12-01 AU AU2958502A patent/AU2958502A/xx active Pending
- 2001-12-01 AT AT01990467T patent/ATE315604T1/de active
- 2001-12-01 EP EP01990467A patent/EP1353975B2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-12-01 CN CNB018202527A patent/CN1224637C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-12-04 TW TW090129900A patent/TW591060B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-12-06 CL CL2001002979A patent/CL2001002979A1/xx unknown
- 2001-12-07 MY MYPI20015585A patent/MY139509A/en unknown
- 2001-12-07 AR ARP010105710A patent/AR031647A1/es active IP Right Grant
-
2003
- 2003-04-30 ZA ZA2003/03358A patent/ZA200303358B/en unknown
- 2003-06-10 NO NO20032617A patent/NO20032617D0/no not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2006
- 2006-01-27 CL CL2006000179A patent/CL45687B/xx active
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