WO2025018426A1 - コレステリック液晶層の製造方法、コレステリック液晶層、反射フィルム、合わせガラス、ヘッドアップディスプレイシステム、組成物 - Google Patents

コレステリック液晶層の製造方法、コレステリック液晶層、反射フィルム、合わせガラス、ヘッドアップディスプレイシステム、組成物 Download PDF

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WO2025018426A1
WO2025018426A1 PCT/JP2024/026182 JP2024026182W WO2025018426A1 WO 2025018426 A1 WO2025018426 A1 WO 2025018426A1 JP 2024026182 W JP2024026182 W JP 2024026182W WO 2025018426 A1 WO2025018426 A1 WO 2025018426A1
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Prior art keywords
liquid crystal
layer
chiral agent
cholesteric liquid
light
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English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
央 ▲高▼山
晋也 渡邉
修介 有田
愛子 山本
亮司 後藤
優衣 福田
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Fujifilm Corp
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Fujifilm Corp
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Priority to CN202480047245.1A priority Critical patent/CN121532682A/zh
Priority to JP2025534122A priority patent/JPWO2025018426A1/ja
Publication of WO2025018426A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025018426A1/ja
Priority to US19/424,209 priority patent/US20260110911A1/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/017—Head mounted
    • G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/30—Polarising elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/30—Polarising elements
    • G02B5/3016—Polarising elements involving passive liquid crystal elements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for producing a cholesteric liquid crystal layer, a cholesteric liquid crystal layer, a reflective film, laminated glass, a head-up display system, and a composition.
  • a type of in-vehicle display that uses a projector to project various information onto the windshield glass or other surface as an image and convey it to the driver, known as a head-up display system, has been developed.
  • a known example of a head-up display system is one in which a reflective film containing a cholesteric liquid crystal layer that selectively reflects circularly polarized light is incorporated into windshield glass.
  • the cholesteric liquid crystal layer is often constructed by laminating multiple cholesteric liquid crystal layers with different central reflection wavelengths (in other words, different helical pitch sizes derived from the liquid crystal compounds) to provide a reflection spectrum with a wide reflection band that spans the visible range.
  • the manufacturing process for incorporating the reflective film into the windshield glass typically involves laminating the reflective film and the glass that constitutes the windshield glass via an adhesive layer (OCA (Optical Clear Adhesive) layer) or heat seal layer, and then subjecting this laminate to a heat treatment.
  • OCA Optical Clear Adhesive
  • Patent Document 1 discloses a simple method for producing an optically anisotropic layer in which the orientation state of the liquid crystal compound is fixed and the layer has multiple regions along the thickness direction in which the orientation state of the liquid crystal compound is different. More specifically, the method discloses a method for molding a laminate having two optically anisotropic layers made of rod-shaped liquid crystal compositions in a single coating step.
  • the inventors referring to the manufacturing method for optically anisotropic layers described in Patent Document 1, investigated a manufacturing method for collectively forming a cholesteric liquid crystal layer having multiple regions with different helical pitches along the thickness direction. They found that when the obtained cholesteric liquid crystal layer is subjected to a heat treatment with an adjacent layer such as an adhesive layer or a heat seal layer disposed on its surface, the reflection spectrum of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer changes before and after heating, and reflected light of the desired color may not be obtained.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a cholesteric liquid crystal layer, which can easily produce a cholesteric liquid crystal layer that is less likely to change in reflection spectrum when subjected to a heat treatment with an adjacent layer disposed on its surface.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a cholesteric liquid crystal layer, a reflective film, a laminated glass, a head-up display system, and a composition.
  • a method for producing a cholesteric liquid crystal layer comprising a step 5 between the steps 3 and 4, of subjecting the
  • a cholesteric liquid crystal layer the cholesteric liquid crystal layer being a layer formed using a composition containing a liquid crystal compound having a polymerizable group, a first polymerizable chiral agent whose helical twisting power changes upon irradiation with light, and a second polymerizable chiral agent having a twisting ability in the opposite direction to that of the first polymerizable chiral agent.
  • (12) A laminated glass comprising a first glass plate, the reflective film according to any one of (8) to (11), and a second glass plate, in this order.
  • a laminated glass having, in this order, a first glass plate, an interlayer film, a second glass plate, and the reflective film according to any one of (8) to (11).
  • the laminated glass according to (14) which has a heat seal layer or an adhesive layer between the second glass plate and the reflective film.
  • a head-up display system comprising: a windshield glass made of the laminated glass according to any one of (12) to (15); and a projector that irradiates projection light onto the windshield glass.
  • the projector emits P-polarized projection light.
  • a composition comprising: a liquid crystal compound having a polymerizable group; a first polymerizable chiral agent whose helical twisting power changes upon irradiation with light; and a second polymerizable chiral agent having a rotation ability in the opposite direction to that of the first polymerizable chiral agent.
  • a method for producing a cholesteric liquid crystal layer can be provided, which can easily produce a cholesteric liquid crystal layer that is less likely to change in reflection spectrum when subjected to a heat treatment with an adjacent layer disposed on its surface.
  • the present invention also provides a cholesteric liquid crystal layer, a reflective film, a laminated glass, a head-up display system, and a composition.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a composition layer for illustrating an example of step 2 of the method for producing a cholesteric liquid crystal layer of the present invention.
  • 1 shows a schematic diagram of a graph plotting the relationship between helical twisting power ( ⁇ m ⁇ 1 ) ⁇ concentration (mass %) and light irradiation dose (mJ/cm 2 ) for each of the first polymerizable chiral agent and the second polymerizable chiral agent.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a graph plotting the relationship between the weighted average helical twisting power ( ⁇ m ⁇ 1 ) of a first polymerizable chiral agent and a second polymerizable chiral agent and the light irradiation dose (mJ/cm 2 ).
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a composition layer for illustrating an example in which step 5 is performed on a composition layer 12 after light irradiation in step 3.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a graph plotting the relationship between the weighted average helical twisting power ( ⁇ m ⁇ 1 ) of a first polymerizable chiral agent and a second polymerizable chiral agent and the light irradiation dose (mJ/cm 2 ).
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a configuration of a reflective film.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing another example of the configuration of laminated glass.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing another example of the configuration of laminated glass.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a head-up display.
  • light in the description of the manufacturing method in this specification means actinic rays or radiation, such as the emission line spectrum of a mercury lamp, far ultraviolet light represented by an excimer laser, extreme ultraviolet light (EUV light: Extreme Ultraviolet), X-rays, ultraviolet light, and electron beams (EB: Electron Beam). Of these, ultraviolet light is preferred.
  • EUV light Extreme Ultraviolet
  • X-rays extreme ultraviolet light
  • EB electron beams
  • ultraviolet light is preferred.
  • light refers to visible light and natural light (non-polarized) unless otherwise specified.
  • visible light refers to light in the wavelength range of 380 to 780 nm.
  • the measurement wavelength is 550 nm.
  • light in the wavelength region of 420 to 490 nm is blue (B) light
  • light in the wavelength region of 495 to 570 nm is green (G) light
  • light in the wavelength region of 620 to 750 nm is red (R) light.
  • non-visible light refers to light in the wavelength range below 380 nm or above 780 nm.
  • a cholesteric liquid crystal phase is a phase having a periodic structure in which liquid crystal compounds are helically oriented, and the twist angle is 360° or more. Furthermore, when liquid crystal compounds are twistedly oriented in an optically anisotropic layer other than the cholesteric liquid crystal phase, it is preferable that the twist angle is greater than 0° and less than 360°.
  • angles such as “angle expressed by a specific numerical value,” “parallel,” “horizontal,” “vertical,” and “orthogonal” include the error range generally accepted in the relevant technical field unless otherwise specified. Specifically, this means that the error is within the range of ⁇ 10° from the exact angle.
  • the error from the exact angle is preferably ⁇ 7° or less, and more preferably ⁇ 5° or less.
  • the "visible light transmittance” refers to the A-light source visible light transmittance defined in JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards) R 3212:2015 (Testing method for automotive safety glass). That is, the transmittance is determined by measuring the transmittance at each wavelength in the range of 380 to 780 nm using an A-light source with a spectrophotometer, and multiplying the transmittance at each wavelength by a weighting coefficient obtained from the wavelength distribution and wavelength interval of the CIE (Commission Internationale de Illumination) standard relative luminous efficiency for photopic adaptation to calculate a weighted average.
  • CIE Commission Internationale de Illumination
  • P-polarized light refers to polarized light that vibrates in a direction parallel to the plane of incidence of light
  • S-polarized light refers to polarized light that vibrates in a direction perpendicular to the plane of incidence of light
  • plane of incidence refers to a plane that is perpendicular to a reflective surface (such as the surface of windshield glass) and contains the incident and reflected light rays.
  • P-polarized light the plane of vibration of the electric field vector is parallel to the plane of incidence
  • S-polarized light the plane of vibration of the electric field vector is perpendicular to the plane of incidence.
  • the in-plane retardation (in-plane phase difference) is a value measured using an AxoScan manufactured by Axometrics. Unless otherwise specified, the measurement wavelength is 550 nm. Note that the in-plane retardation is a value measured by irradiating light with a wavelength within the visible light wavelength range in the normal direction to the film.
  • projection image refers to an image that is not an image of the surroundings such as the front, but is based on the projection of light from a projector used.
  • a projection image is visually recognized by an observer as a virtual image that appears to appear beyond the windshield glass as seen by the observer.
  • screen image refers to an image displayed on a drawing device of a projector, or an image drawn by the drawing device on an intermediate image screen or the like.
  • a projected image is a virtual image, whereas a screen image is a real image. Note that both the screen image and the projected video image may be a monochromatic image, a multi-color image with two or more colors, or a full-color image.
  • first and second in the terms “first glass sheet” and “second glass sheet” have no technical meaning and are used for convenience to distinguish between the two glass sheets.
  • first glass sheet when the laminated glass is used as a windshield glass in a vehicle, the first glass sheet will be described as being on the outside of the vehicle and the second glass sheet as being on the inside of the vehicle.
  • solid content of a composition means the components that form a cholesteric liquid crystal layer formed using the composition, and in cases where the composition contains a solvent (organic solvent, water, etc.), it means all components excluding the solvent.
  • liquid components are also considered to be solid content as long as they form a cholesteric liquid crystal layer.
  • the method for producing a cholesteric liquid crystal layer of the present invention includes the steps of: A step 1 of forming a composition layer including a liquid crystal compound having a polymerizable group (hereinafter also referred to as a "polymerizable liquid crystal compound"), a first polymerizable chiral agent whose helical twisting power changes upon irradiation with light (hereinafter abbreviated as a "first polymerizable chiral agent”), and a second polymerizable chiral agent having a rotation property in the opposite direction to that of the first polymerizable chiral agent (hereinafter abbreviated as a "second polymerizable chiral agent”); A step 2 of orienting the liquid crystal compound in the composition layer; a step 3 of irradiating the first polymerizable chiral agent with light having a wavelength capable of changing the first polymerizable chiral agent.
  • the cholesteric liquid crystal layer obtained by the manufacturing method of the present invention is unlikely to undergo changes in its reflection spectrum when it is subjected to a heat treatment with an adjacent layer disposed on its surface.
  • one of the features of the manufacturing method of the present invention is that it involves carrying out specific steps.
  • the polymerizable liquid crystal compound in the composition layer is aligned (step 2).
  • a cholesteric liquid crystal layer can be formed in step 2.
  • the oxygen concentration is low in a portion of the composition layer on the substrate (support member for the composition layer) side, and high in another portion on the surface side opposite to the substrate side.
  • the change in the helical twisting power of the first polymerizable chiral agent proceeds in the region where the oxygen concentration is high, but the polymerization of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound, the first polymerizable chiral agent, and the second polymerizable chiral agent does not proceed easily due to oxygen inhibition, whereas the polymerization reaction of the polymerizable components such as the polymerizable liquid crystal compound, the first polymerizable chiral agent, and the second polymerizable chiral agent proceeds more easily in the region where the oxygen concentration is low.
  • the rate at which the polymerization reaction proceeds is faster.
  • the orientation state of the liquid crystal compound can be fixed before a change in the orientation state of the liquid crystal compound occurs due to a change in the helical twisting power of the first polymerizable chiral agent.
  • the liquid crystal compound is fixed by the curing treatment in step 4 in the region where the oxygen concentration was high and the polymerization reaction did not proceed easily in step 3.
  • a cholesteric liquid crystal layer is produced having a plurality of regions with different helical pitches along the thickness direction.
  • the chiral agent has a polymerizable group. Based on their recent investigations, the inventors have hypothesized that when an adjacent layer is placed on the surface of a cholesteric liquid crystal layer formed using a chiral agent that does not have a polymerizable group and subjected to a heat treatment, the unfixed chiral agent present in the cholesteric liquid crystal layer migrates between layers to the adjacent layer having a lower chiral agent concentration, and as a result, the helical pitch is reduced due to a reduction in the volume of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer, which may result in a change in the reflection spectrum.
  • polymerizable chiral agents such as a first polymerizable chiral agent and a second polymerizable chiral agent, are used to fix the chiral agent within the cholesteric liquid crystal layer, so that even if an adjacent layer is placed on the surface of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer and a heat treatment is performed, changes in the reflection spectrum are unlikely to occur.
  • the effect of the present invention is more excellent because the reflection spectrum is less likely to change.
  • Step 1 is a step of forming a composition layer containing a polymerizable liquid crystal compound, a first polymerizable chiral agent, and a second polymerizable chiral agent.
  • a composition layer to be subjected to a light irradiation treatment described later is formed.
  • the materials used in this process will be described in detail, and then the process procedure will be described in detail.
  • the composition layer in step 1 contains a first polymerizable chiral agent.
  • the first polymerizable chiral agent has a polymerizable group and is a chiral agent whose helical twisting power changes upon irradiation with light.
  • the first polymerizable chiral agent will be described in detail below.
  • the helical twist power (HTP) of a chiral agent is a factor indicating the helical orientation ability represented by the following formula (A).
  • HTP 1/(helical pitch length (unit: ⁇ m) ⁇ concentration of chiral agent relative to liquid crystal compound (mass %)) [ ⁇ m ⁇ 1 ]
  • the type of polymerizable group possessed by the first polymerizable chiral agent is not particularly limited, but is preferably a functional group capable of an addition polymerization reaction, more preferably a polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated group or a ring-polymerizable group, and even more preferably a (meth)acryloyl group, a vinyl group, a styryl group, or an allyl group.
  • the number of polymerizable groups contained in the first polymerizable chiral agent is not particularly limited, but is preferably, for example, 1 to 6, more preferably 2 to 4, and even more preferably 2.
  • the first polymerizable chiral agent may be liquid crystalline or non-liquid crystalline.
  • the first polymerizable chiral agent generally contains an asymmetric carbon atom.
  • the first polymerizable chiral agent may be an axially asymmetric compound or a planar asymmetric compound that does not contain an asymmetric carbon atom.
  • the first polymerizable chiral agent may be a chiral agent whose helical twisting power increases or decreases upon irradiation with light.
  • the first polymerizable chiral agent is preferably a chiral agent whose helical twisting power decreases upon irradiation with light.
  • increase and decrease in helical twisting power refers to an increase or decrease when the initial helical direction (before light irradiation) of the first polymerizable chiral agent is taken as “positive.” Therefore, even when the helical twisting power continues to decrease upon light irradiation and exceeds 0, causing the helical direction to become "negative” (i.e., when a helical direction opposite to the initial helical direction (before light irradiation) is induced), this also corresponds to "a chiral agent whose helical twisting power decreases.”
  • the first polymerizable chiral agent may be a so-called photoreactive chiral agent.
  • the photoreactive chiral agent has a chiral moiety and a photoreactive moiety that undergoes a structural change upon irradiation with light, and is a compound that, for example, significantly changes the twisting power of a liquid crystal compound depending on the amount of irradiation.
  • Examples of photoreactive sites that undergo a structural change upon irradiation with light include photochromic compounds (Kingo Uchida, Masahiro Irie, Chemical Industry, vol. 64, 640p, 1999; Kingo Uchida, Masahiro Irie, Fine Chemical, vol. 28(9), 15p, 1999).
  • the structural change refers to decomposition, addition reaction, isomerization, racemization, [2+2] photocyclization, dimerization reaction, and the like that occur upon irradiation of the photoreactive site with light, and the structural change may be irreversible.
  • Examples of chiral sites include the asymmetric carbons described in Hiroyuki Nodaira, Chemical Review, No. 22, Chemistry of Liquid Crystals, 73p: 1994.
  • the photoisomerization site preferably has a photoisomerizable double bond.
  • a photoisomerization site having the photoisomerizable double bond a cinnamoyl site, a chalcone site, an azobenzene site, or a stilbene site is preferable because photoisomerization is likely to occur and the difference in helical induction force before and after light irradiation is large, and a cinnamoyl site, a chalcone site, or a stilbene site is more preferable because of small absorption of visible light.
  • the photoisomerization site corresponds to the photoreactive site that undergoes a structural change upon light irradiation described above.
  • the first polymerizable chiral agent preferably has a trans-type photoisomerizable double bond, in that the initial helical twisting power (before light irradiation) is high and the amount of change in the helical twisting power due to light irradiation is superior.
  • the first polymerizable chiral agent has a cis-type photoisomerizable double bond, in that the initial helical twisting power (before light irradiation) is low and the amount of change in the helical twisting power due to light irradiation is excellent.
  • the first polymerizable chiral agent preferably has any partial structure selected from a binaphthyl partial structure, an isosorbide partial structure (a partial structure derived from isosorbide), and an isomannide partial structure (a partial structure derived from isomannide).
  • the binaphthyl partial structure, the isosorbide partial structure, and the isomannide partial structure each refer to the following structures.
  • the portion where the solid line and the dashed line are parallel represents a single bond or a double bond.
  • * represents the bond position.
  • the first polymerizable chiral agent is preferably a compound represented by formula (CA).
  • Formula (CA) P 1 -sp 1 -(A 1 -Z 1 ) m -L 1 -(Z 2 -A 2 ) n -sp 2 -P 2 L1 represents a divalent linking group formed by removing two hydrogen atoms from the structure represented by formula (D) (a divalent linking group formed by removing two hydrogen atoms from the binaphthyl partial structure), a divalent linking group represented by formula (E) (a divalent linking group consisting of the isosorbide partial structure), or a divalent linking group represented by formula (F) (a divalent linking group consisting of the isomannide partial structure).
  • Z1 and Z2 each represent a single bond or a divalent linking group.
  • R represents a hydrogen atom, a cyano group, or an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
  • the multiple Rs may be the same or different from each other.
  • the plurality of Z 1 's when a plurality of Z 1 's are present, the plurality of Z 1 's may be the same as or different from each other.
  • the plurality of Z 2's when a plurality of Z 2's are present, the plurality of Z 2's may be the same as or different from each other.
  • a 1 and A 2 each independently represent a divalent aromatic ring group which may have a substituent or a divalent alicyclic group which may have a substituent.
  • the divalent aromatic ring groups represented by A 1 and A 2 include divalent aromatic hydrocarbon ring groups and divalent aromatic heterocyclic groups.
  • the aromatic hydrocarbon ring constituting the divalent aromatic hydrocarbon ring group may be either a monocyclic or polycyclic ring.
  • the number of carbon atoms in the aromatic hydrocarbon ring is preferably 6 to 20, more preferably 6 to 10.
  • Specific examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon ring are preferably a benzene ring or a naphthalene ring, and more preferably a benzene ring.
  • the number of ring members of the aromatic heterocycle constituting the divalent aromatic heterocyclic group is preferably 5 to 10, and more preferably 5 or 6.
  • heteroatoms contained in the aromatic heterocycle include a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom, and a sulfur atom.
  • the number of carbon atoms in the aromatic heterocycle is preferably 3 to 20, and more preferably 3 to 10.
  • Specific examples of aromatic heterocycles include a pyridine ring, a pyridazine ring, a pyrimidine ring, a pyrazine ring, a triazine ring, a thiophene ring, a thiazole ring, and an imidazole ring.
  • the divalent aromatic ring group represented by A1 and A2 is preferably a divalent aromatic hydrocarbon ring group, more preferably a divalent benzene ring group or a divalent naphthalene ring group.
  • the divalent alicyclic group represented by A 1 and A 2 includes a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon ring group and a divalent aliphatic heterocyclic group.
  • the aliphatic hydrocarbon ring constituting the divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon ring group may be either a monocyclic ring or a polycyclic ring.
  • the number of ring members in the aliphatic hydrocarbon ring is preferably 3 to 20, more preferably 3 to 10, and even more preferably 5 or 6.
  • aliphatic hydrocarbon ring examples include a cyclopentane ring, a cyclohexane ring, a cycloheptane ring, a cyclooctane ring, a norbornene ring, and an adamantane ring.
  • a cyclopentane ring or a cyclohexane ring is preferred.
  • the aliphatic heterocycle constituting the divalent aliphatic heterocyclic group may be either a monocycle or a polycycle.
  • heteroatoms contained in the aliphatic heterocycle include a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom, and a sulfur atom.
  • the number of ring members in the aliphatic heterocycle is not particularly limited, but is preferably 5 to 10.
  • Specific examples of the aliphatic heterocycle include an oxolane ring, an oxane ring, a piperidine ring, and a piperazine ring.
  • the aliphatic heterocycle may be one in which -CH 2 - constituting the ring is replaced with -CO-, and examples of the aliphatic heterocycle include a phthalimide ring.
  • the substituent that A 1 and A 2 may have is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include an alkyl group.
  • sp 1 and sp 2 each independently represent an alkylene group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms in which at least one -CH 2 - may be substituted with -O-, -CO-, -NR X -, or -S-, and R X represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group (preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms).
  • At least one -CH 2 - preferably represents an alkylene group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms which may be substituted with -O-, -CO-, -NR X -, or -S-, and at least one -CH 2 - preferably represents an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may be substituted with -O-, -CO-, -NR X -, or -S-.
  • n and n each independently represent an integer from 1 to 10, preferably from 1 to 8, more preferably from 1 to 6, and particularly preferably from 2 to 6.
  • P1 and P2 are each a hydrogen atom or a monovalent substituent. However, it is preferable that at least one of P1 and P2 represents a polymerizable group, and both of them represent a polymerizable group. In addition, examples of the polymerizable group include the above-mentioned polymerizable groups.
  • the structural moiety containing a cinnamoyl moiety may be -cinnamoyl moiety-O- (specifically, a moiety represented by -A 1 -CR ⁇ CR-CO-O- or -A 2 -CR ⁇ CR-CO-O-).
  • each of the multiple Z 1s and each of the multiple A 1s may be the same or different.
  • n is an integer of 2 or more, each of the multiple Z 2s and each of the multiple A 2s may be the same or different.
  • Examples of the first polymerizable chiral agent include the photoreactive chiral agents described in paragraphs 0044 to 0047 of JP-A-2001-159709, the optically active compounds described in paragraphs 0019 to 0043 of JP-A-2002-179669, the optically active compounds described in paragraphs 0020 to 0044 of JP-A-2002-179633, the optically active compounds described in paragraphs 0016 to 0040 of JP-A-2002-179670, the optically active compounds described in paragraphs 0017 to 0050 of JP-A-2002-179668, the optically active compounds described in paragraphs 0018 to 0020 of JP-A-2002-180051, and the optically active compounds described in paragraphs 0022 to 0024 of JP-A-2002-180052.
  • the step 1 composition layer includes a second polymerizable chiral agent.
  • the second polymerizable chiral agent is a chiral agent that induces a helix in the opposite direction to that of the first polymerizable chiral agent described above (i.e., the second polymerizable chiral agent is a chiral agent having a rotational ability in the opposite direction to that of the first polymerizable chiral agent described above).
  • the helix induced by the first polymerizable chiral agent is right-handed
  • the helix induced by the second polymerizable chiral agent is left-handed.
  • the second polymerizable chiral agent is not particularly limited as long as it has a polymerizable group and has a rotational ability in the opposite direction to that of the first polymerizable chiral agent.
  • the second polymerizable chiral agent is a chiral agent whose helical twisting power does not change upon irradiation with light.
  • the type of the polymerizable group contained in the second polymerizable chiral agent may be the same as the polymerizable group contained in the second polymerizable chiral agent.
  • the number of polymerizable groups contained in the second polymerizable chiral agent is not particularly limited, but is, for example, preferably 1 to 6, more preferably 2 to 4, and even more preferably 2.
  • the second polymerizable chiral agent may be liquid crystal or non-liquid crystal.
  • the second polymerizable chiral agent generally contains asymmetric carbon atom.
  • the second polymerizable chiral agent may be an axially asymmetric compound or a planar asymmetric compound that does not contain asymmetric carbon atom.
  • a known chiral agent can be used as the second polymerizable chiral agent.
  • the second polymerizable chiral agent is preferably a compound represented by formula (CB).
  • Formula (CB) P 3 -sp 3 -(A 3 -Z 3 ) p -L 2 -(Z 4 -A 4 ) q -sp 4 -P 4
  • L2 has the same meaning as L1 in formula (CA), and the preferred embodiments are also the same.
  • A3 and A4 have the same meaning as A1 in formula (CA), and the preferred embodiments are also the same.
  • sp 3 and sp 4 have the same meaning as sp 1 in formula (CA), and the preferred embodiments are also the same.
  • P3 and P4 have the same meaning as P1 in formula (CA), and the preferred embodiments are also the same. However, it is preferable that at least one of P3 and P4 represents a polymerizable group, and both of them represent a polymerizable group. In addition, examples of the polymerizable group include the above-mentioned polymerizable groups.
  • p and q have the same meaning as m in formula (CA), and the preferred embodiments are also the same.
  • Z3 and Z4 have the same meaning as Z1 in formula (CA).
  • the divalent linking group represented by Z3 and Z4 is preferably -O-, -S-, -CHRCHR-, -OCHR-, -CO-, -SO-, -SO 2 -, -COO-, -CO-S-, -O-CO-O-, -CO-NR-, -SCHR-, -SO-CHR-, -SO 2 -CHR-, -CF 2 O-, -CF 2 S-, -OCHRCHRO-, -SCHRCHRS-, -SO-CHRCHR-SO-, -SO 2 -CHRCHR-SO 2 -, -COO-CHRCHR-, -OCO-CHRCHR-, -COO-CHR- or -OCO-CHR-, and more preferably -O-, -CO-, -COO- or -CO-NR-.
  • R represents a hydrogen atom, a cyano group, or an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
  • the plurality of Rs may be the same or different.
  • the plurality of Z 3 's may be the same as or different from each other.
  • the plurality of Z 4's may be the same as or different from each other.
  • the molar absorption coefficients of the first polymerizable chiral agent and the second polymerizable chiral agent are not particularly limited, but the molar absorption coefficient at the wavelength of the light irradiated in step 3 described below (e.g., 365 nm) is preferably 100 to 100,000 L/(mol cm), and more preferably 500 to 50,000 L/(mol cm).
  • the alignment state of the liquid crystal compound can be controlled by adjusting these.
  • the total content of the first polymerizable chiral agent and the second polymerizable chiral agent in the composition layer is not particularly limited, but is preferably more than 5.0% by mass, more preferably 5.5% by mass or more, and even more preferably 6.0% by mass or more, based on the total mass of the liquid crystal compound, in terms of ease of controlling the alignment state of the liquid crystal compound.
  • the upper limit is not particularly limited, but is preferably 25% by mass or less, more preferably 20% by mass or less, and even more preferably 15% by mass or less.
  • the content of the first polymerizable chiral agent is not particularly limited, but in terms of ease of controlling the alignment state of the liquid crystal compound, the content is preferably 5 to 95 mass % relative to the total content of the first polymerizable chiral agent and the second polymerizable chiral agent, more preferably 10 to 90 mass %, and even more preferably 15 to 50 mass %.
  • the content of the first polymerizable chiral agent in the composition layer is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.1% by mass or more, more preferably 0.5% by mass or more, and even more preferably 1.0% by mass or more, based on the total mass of the composition layer.
  • the upper limit is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10% by mass or less, more preferably 5% by mass or less, and even more preferably 3.5% by mass or less.
  • the content of the second polymerizable chiral agent in the composition layer is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1.0% by mass or more, more preferably 2.0% by mass or more, and even more preferably 4.0% by mass or more, based on the total mass of the composition layer.
  • the upper limit is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10% by mass or less, more preferably 8% by mass or less, and even more preferably 6.0% by mass or less.
  • the composition layer in step 1 contains a liquid crystal compound having a polymerizable group (polymerizable liquid crystal compound).
  • the polymerizable liquid crystal compound may be either a rod-shaped liquid crystal compound or a discotic liquid crystal compound, but is preferably a rod-shaped liquid crystal compound.
  • the rod-shaped liquid crystal compound may be a rod-shaped nematic liquid crystal compound.
  • a polymerizable liquid crystal compound can be obtained by introducing a polymerizable group into a liquid crystal compound.
  • the type of polymerizable group that the polymerizable liquid crystal compound has is not particularly limited, and a functional group capable of addition polymerization reaction is preferable, a polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated group or a ring-polymerizable group is more preferable, and examples thereof include unsaturated polymerizable groups (e.g., (meth)acryloyl group, vinyl group, styryl group, allyl group, etc.), epoxy group, and aziridinyl group, and an unsaturated polymerizable group is preferable, and an ethylenically unsaturated polymerizable group is more preferable.
  • the polymerizable group can be introduced into the molecule of the liquid crystal compound by various methods.
  • the number of polymerizable groups that the polymerizable liquid crystal compound has is preferably 1 to 6, and more preferably 1 to 3, in
  • polymerizable liquid crystal compound there are mentioned the compounds described in Makromol. Chem. , Vol. 190, p. 2255 (1989), Advanced Materials Vol. 5, p. 107 (1993), U.S. Pat. No. 4,683,327, U.S. Pat. No. 5,622,648, U.S. Pat. No. 5,770,107, WO 95/022586, WO 95/024455, WO 97/00600, WO 98/23580, WO 98/52905, JP-A-1-272551, JP-A-6-016616, JP-A-7-110469, JP-A-11-080081, and compounds described in JP-A-2001-328973 and the like are included.
  • two or more kinds of polymerizable liquid crystal compounds may be used in combination.
  • the content of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound in the composition layer is not particularly limited, but in terms of ease of controlling the alignment state of the liquid crystal compound, it is preferably 60% by mass or more, and more preferably 70% by mass or more, relative to the total mass of the composition layer. There is no particular upper limit, but it is preferably 99% by mass or less, more preferably 97% by mass or less, even more preferably 95% by mass or less, and particularly preferably 90% by mass or less.
  • the composition layer may contain other components in addition to the first polymerizable chiral agent, the second polymerizable chiral agent, and the polymerizable liquid crystal compound.
  • the composition layer may contain a polymerization initiator.
  • the polymerization initiator may be a known polymerization initiator, such as a photopolymerization initiator or a thermal polymerization initiator, with a photopolymerization initiator being preferred.
  • the content of the polymerization initiator in the composition layer is not particularly limited, but is preferably from 0.01 to 20% by mass, and more preferably from 0.5 to 10% by mass, based on the total mass of the composition layer.
  • the composition layer may contain a surfactant.
  • the surfactant include conventionally known compounds, such as hydrocarbon-based surfactants, fluorine-based surfactants, and silicone-based surfactants. From the viewpoint of improving environmental compatibility, it is preferable that the surfactant does not contain a fluorine atom.
  • the surfactant is preferably a hydrocarbon-based surfactant or a silicone-based surfactant.
  • the fluorine-based surfactant include the compounds described in paragraphs 0028 to 0056 of JP-A No. 2001-330725 and the compounds described in paragraphs 0069 to 0126 of JP-A No. 2003-295212.
  • the surfactants may be used alone or in combination of two or more kinds.
  • the content of the surfactant is preferably from 0.01 to 5.0 mass %, more preferably from 0.01 to 3.0 mass %, and even more preferably from 0.05 to 1.0 mass %, based on the total mass of the composition layer.
  • the composition layer may contain an additive (alignment control agent) that promotes horizontal or vertical alignment in order to bring the liquid crystal compound into a horizontal or vertical alignment state.
  • an additive alignment control agent
  • the alignment control agent include fluorine (meth)acrylate polymers described in JP-A-2007-272185, paragraphs [0018] to [0043] and the like, compounds represented by formulas (I) to (IV) described in JP-A-2012-203237, paragraphs [0031] to [0034] and the like, and compounds described in JP-A-2013-113913, and the like.
  • the alignment control agent may be used alone or in combination of two or more kinds.
  • the content of the alignment control agent in the composition layer is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.01 to 10% by mass, more preferably 0.01 to 5% by mass, and particularly preferably 0.02 to 1% by mass, based on the total mass of the liquid crystal compound.
  • composition layer may contain other components in addition to those described above.
  • other components include polymerizable monomers, adhesion improvers, crosslinking agents, polymerization inhibitors, antioxidants, UV absorbers, light stabilizers, colorants, and metal oxide fine particles.
  • the substrate is a plate that supports the composition layer.
  • the substrate is preferably a transparent substrate.
  • the transparent substrate refers to a substrate having a visible light transmittance of 60% or more, preferably 80% or more, and more preferably 90% or more.
  • the retardation value (Rth(550)) in the thickness direction of the substrate at a wavelength of 550 nm is not particularly limited, but is preferably ⁇ 110 to 110 nm, and more preferably ⁇ 80 to 80 nm.
  • the in-plane retardation value (Re(550)) of the substrate at a wavelength of 550 nm is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0 to 50 nm, more preferably 0 to 30 nm, and further preferably 0 to 10 nm.
  • the material for forming the substrate is preferably a polymer having excellent optical performance transparency, mechanical strength, thermal stability, moisture barrier properties, isotropy, and the like.
  • polymer films that can be used as the substrate include cellulose acylate films (e.g., cellulose triacetate film (refractive index 1.48), cellulose diacetate film, cellulose acetate butyrate film, and cellulose acetate propionate film), polyolefin films such as polyethylene and polypropylene, polyester films such as polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene naphthalate, polyethersulfone films, polyacrylic films such as polymethyl methacrylate, polyurethane films, polycarbonate films, polysulfone films, polyether films, polymethylpentene films, polyether ketone films, (meth)acrylonitrile films, and films of polymers having an alicyclic structure (norbornene-based resins (Arton: product name, manufactured by JSR Corporation, and amorphous polyolefin
  • the substrate may contain various additives (e.g., optical anisotropy adjusters, wavelength dispersion adjusters, fine particles, plasticizers, UV inhibitors, anti-degradation agents, and release agents, etc.).
  • additives e.g., optical anisotropy adjusters, wavelength dispersion adjusters, fine particles, plasticizers, UV inhibitors, anti-degradation agents, and release agents, etc.
  • the thickness of the substrate is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10 to 200 ⁇ m, more preferably 10 to 100 ⁇ m, and even more preferably 20 to 90 ⁇ m.
  • the substrate may be made of a laminate of multiple sheets.
  • the surface of the substrate may be subjected to a surface treatment (e.g., glow discharge treatment, corona discharge treatment, ultraviolet (UV) treatment, flame treatment, etc.).
  • a surface treatment e.g., glow discharge treatment, corona discharge treatment, ultraviolet (UV) treatment, flame treatment, etc.
  • an adhesive layer undercoat layer may be provided on the substrate.
  • a polymer layer containing inorganic particles having an average particle size of about 10 to 100 nm mixed in an amount of 5 to 40 mass % in terms of solid content mass ratio may be disposed on one side of the substrate.
  • the substrate may be a so-called temporary support.
  • the substrate may be peeled off from the cholesteric liquid crystal layer.
  • the surface of the substrate may be directly subjected to rubbing treatment.
  • a substrate that has been subjected to rubbing treatment may be used.
  • the direction of the rubbing treatment is not particularly limited, and an optimal direction is appropriately selected depending on the direction in which the liquid crystal compound is desired to be aligned.
  • the rubbing treatment can be a treatment method that is widely used as a liquid crystal alignment treatment process for LCDs (liquid crystal displays), in which the surface of the substrate is rubbed in a certain direction with paper, gauze, felt, rubber, nylon fiber, polyester fiber, or the like to obtain alignment.
  • An alignment film may be disposed on the substrate.
  • the alignment layer can be formed by such means as rubbing an organic compound (preferably a polymer), oblique deposition of an inorganic compound, formation of a layer having microgrooves, or deposition of an organic compound (e.g., ⁇ -tricosanoic acid, dioctadecylmethylammonium chloride, and methyl stearate, etc.) by the Langmuir-Blodgett method (LB film).
  • LB film Langmuir-Blodgett method
  • an alignment film is also known which exhibits an alignment function when an electric field is applied, a magnetic field is applied, or light (preferably polarized light) is irradiated.
  • the alignment film is preferably formed by a rubbing treatment of a polymer.
  • Examples of the polymer contained in the alignment film include methacrylate copolymers, styrene copolymers, polyolefins, polyvinyl alcohol and modified polyvinyl alcohol, poly(N-methylolacrylamide), polyesters, polyimides, vinyl acetate copolymers, carboxymethyl cellulose, and polycarbonates, as described in paragraph 0022 of JP-A-8-338913.
  • a silane coupling agent can also be used as the polymer.
  • water-soluble polymers e.g., poly(N-methylolacrylamide), carboxymethylcellulose, gelatin, polyvinyl alcohol, modified polyvinyl alcohol, etc.
  • gelatin, polyvinyl alcohol, or modified polyvinyl alcohol is more preferred, and polyvinyl alcohol or modified polyvinyl alcohol is even more preferred.
  • the alignment film can be formed by applying a solution containing the above-mentioned polymer, which is the alignment film forming material, and any additives (e.g., a crosslinking agent) onto a substrate, then heating and drying (crosslinking) the solution, and then performing a rubbing treatment.
  • a solution containing the above-mentioned polymer which is the alignment film forming material
  • any additives e.g., a crosslinking agent
  • step 1 a composition layer containing the above-mentioned components is formed, but the procedure is not particularly limited.
  • a method of applying a composition containing the above-mentioned first polymerizable chiral agent, second polymerizable chiral agent, and polymerizable liquid crystal compound onto a substrate and performing a drying treatment as necessary hereinafter, also simply referred to as a "coating method"
  • a method of forming a composition layer separately and transferring it onto a substrate are included.
  • the coating method is preferable from the viewpoint of productivity. The coating method will be described in detail below.
  • the composition used in the coating method contains the above-mentioned first polymerizable chiral agent, second polymerizable chiral agent, and polymerizable liquid crystal compound, as well as other components (e.g., a polymerization initiator, etc.) that are used as necessary.
  • the content of each component in the composition is preferably adjusted to the content of each component in the composition layer described above.
  • the composition may contain a solvent.
  • the solvent is preferably one capable of dissolving each component of the composition, and examples thereof include methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone (anone), and mixed solvents thereof.
  • the content of the solvent in the composition is preferably an amount that makes the solids concentration of the composition 5 to 50 mass %, and more preferably an amount that makes the solids concentration of the composition 10 to 40 mass %.
  • the composition may contain one solvent alone or two or more solvents. When two or more solvents are used, the total content is preferably within the above range.
  • the coating method is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include wire bar coating, extrusion coating, direct gravure coating, reverse gravure coating, and die coating. If necessary, after the application of the composition, a treatment for drying the coating film applied onto the substrate may be carried out. By carrying out the drying treatment, the solvent can be removed from the coating film.
  • the thickness of the coating is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.1 to 20 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.2 to 15 ⁇ m, and even more preferably 0.5 to 10 ⁇ m.
  • Step 2 is a step of orienting the liquid crystal compound in the composition layer.
  • the liquid crystal compound in the composition layer is brought into an oriented state of a cholesteric liquid crystal phase. That is, as shown in Fig. 1, a composition layer 12 in which the liquid crystal compound LC is oriented in a cholesteric liquid crystal manner is formed on a substrate 10 by step 2.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a cross section of the substrate 10 and the composition layer 12.
  • Step 2 is preferably a step of subjecting the composition layer to a heat treatment to align the liquid crystal compound in the composition layer.
  • the optimum conditions for the heat treatment are selected depending on the liquid crystal compound used. Among these, the heating temperature is often 25 to 250°C, more often 40 to 150°C, and even more often 50 to 130°C.
  • the heating time is often from 0.1 to 60 minutes, and more often from 0.2 to 5 minutes.
  • the alignment state of the liquid crystal compound obtained by step 2 varies depending on the helical twisting power and the concentrations of the first polymerizable chiral agent and the second polymerizable chiral agent.
  • the absolute value of the weighted average helical twisting power of the chiral dopant in the composition layer formed in step 1 is preferably 10.0 ⁇ m -1 or more, more preferably 15.0 ⁇ m -1 or more, and even more preferably 20.0 ⁇ m -1 or more. There is no particular upper limit, but it is often 250 ⁇ m -1 or less, preferably 200 ⁇ m -1 or less, and more preferably 100 ⁇ m -1 or less.
  • the absolute value of the weighted average helical twisting power of the chiral agent in the composition layer is within the above range, the liquid crystal compound in the composition can be cholesterically aligned by step 2.
  • the weighted average helical twisting power of the chiral agent refers to the sum of the values obtained by dividing the product of the helical twisting power of each chiral agent contained in the composition layer and the concentration (mass%) of each chiral agent in the composition layer when two or more chiral agents are contained in the composition layer by the total concentration (mass%) of the chiral agents in the composition layer.
  • the concentration (mass%) of each chiral agent in the composition layer when two or more chiral agents are contained in the composition layer by the total concentration (mass%) of the chiral agents in the composition layer.
  • Formula (B) Weighted average helical twisting power ( ⁇ m ⁇ 1 ) (helical twisting power of chiral agent X ( ⁇ m ⁇ 1 ) ⁇ concentration of chiral agent X in composition layer (mass %)+helical twisting power of chiral agent Y ( ⁇ m ⁇ 1 ) ⁇ concentration of chiral agent Y in composition layer (mass %))/(concentration of chiral agent X in composition layer (mass %)+concentration of chiral agent Y in composition layer (mass %)).
  • the helical induction power is a positive value.
  • the helical induction power is a negative value. That is, for example, in the case of a chiral agent having a helical induction power of 10 ⁇ m -1 , when the helical direction of the helical spiral induced by the chiral agent is right-handed, the helical induction power is expressed as 10 ⁇ m -1 . On the other hand, when the helical direction of the helical spiral induced by the chiral agent is left-handed, the helical induction power is expressed as -10 ⁇ m -1 .
  • Step 3 is a step of irradiating the composition layer with light having a wavelength capable of changing the helical twisting power of the first polymerizable chiral agent under conditions of an oxygen concentration of 1% by volume or more after step 2.
  • the mechanism of this process will be explained below with reference to the drawings.
  • step 3 light irradiation is performed from the direction opposite to the composition layer 12 side of the substrate 10 (the direction of the white arrow in FIG. 1) under conditions of an oxygen concentration of 1% by volume or more. Note that, although light irradiation is performed from the substrate 10 side in FIG. 1, it may be performed from the composition layer 12 side.
  • the surface of the upper region 12B is closer to the air, so the oxygen concentration in the upper region 12B is higher and the oxygen concentration in the lower region 12A is lower. Therefore, when the composition layer 12 is irradiated with light, the polymerization of the liquid crystal compound is likely to proceed in the lower region 12A, and the alignment state of the liquid crystal compound is fixed.
  • the first polymerizable chiral agent is also present in the lower region 12A, and the first polymerizable chiral agent is also photosensitive, and the helical induction force changes.
  • the alignment state of the liquid crystal compound is fixed in the lower region 12A, even if a heat treatment accompanying the light irradiation in step 3, or a heat treatment is performed on the composition layer irradiated with light in step 3, which will be described later, is performed, the alignment state of the liquid crystal compound does not change.
  • the oxygen concentration is high in the upper region 12B, even if light is irradiated, the polymerization of the liquid crystal compound is inhibited by oxygen, and the polymerization does not proceed easily.
  • the first polymerizable chiral agent is also present in the upper region 12B, the first polymerizable chiral agent is photosensitive and the helical twisting force changes.
  • the alignment state of the liquid crystal compound changes along with the changed helical twisting force. That is, by carrying out the light irradiation in step 3, the alignment state of the liquid crystal compound is easily fixed in the region of the composition layer on the substrate side (lower region), whereas the alignment state of the liquid crystal compound is less easily fixed in the region of the composition layer on the opposite side to the substrate side (upper region), and the helical twisting power is changed in response to the exposed first polymerizable chiral agent.
  • the light irradiation in step 3 is carried out under conditions of an oxygen concentration of 1% by volume or more.
  • an oxygen concentration of 2% by volume or more is preferred, and 5% by volume or more is more preferred, since this makes it easier to form regions in which the liquid crystal compounds have different orientation states in the cholesteric liquid crystal layer.
  • the time of the light irradiation in step 3 is preferably 50 seconds or less, more preferably 30 seconds or less, and even more preferably 10 seconds or less.
  • the lower limit is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of curing the liquid crystal compound, it is preferably 0.1 seconds or more, and more preferably 0.2 seconds or more.
  • the amount of light irradiation in step 3 is preferably 300 mJ/cm2 or less, more preferably 250 mJ/cm2 or less , and even more preferably 200 mJ/cm2 or less .
  • the light irradiation in step 3 is preferably carried out at a temperature of 15 to 70° C. (preferably 25 to 50° C.).
  • the temperature is preferably a temperature at which the unfixed liquid crystal compound in the composition layer is aligned, and more specifically, the temperature is often 40 to 250° C., more often 50 to 150° C., even more often higher than 50° C. and not higher than 150° C., and particularly often 60 to 130° C.
  • the heating time is often 0.01 to 60 minutes, and more often 0.03 to 5 minutes.
  • the light used for irradiation may be any light to which the first polymerizable chiral agent is sensitive.
  • the light used for irradiation is not particularly limited as long as it is actinic radiation or radiation that changes the helical induction power of the first polymerizable chiral agent, and examples of such light include the emission spectrum of a mercury lamp, far ultraviolet light as represented by an excimer laser, extreme ultraviolet light, X-rays, ultraviolet light, and electron beams. Of these, ultraviolet light is preferred.
  • a heat treatment may be performed during the light irradiation in step 3.
  • the heat treatment accompanying the light irradiation in step 3 will be described later together with step 5.
  • Step 5 is a step of subjecting the composition layer to a heat treatment between steps 3 and 4.
  • step 5 may not be performed.
  • the manufacturing method of the present invention preferably includes step 5, since this makes it easier to form a desired cholesteric liquid crystal layer.
  • Step 5 is preferably a step of carrying out a heat treatment at a temperature higher than that during the light irradiation in step 3, in that a predetermined cholesteric liquid crystal layer is easily formed.
  • step 5 is a step of subjecting the composition layer after the light irradiation in step 3 to a heat treatment (preferably at a temperature higher than that at the time of the light irradiation in step 3) to align the liquid crystal compound in the composition layer that has not been fixed by the light irradiation in step 3.
  • a heat treatment preferably at a temperature higher than that at the time of the light irradiation in step 3
  • the orientation state of the liquid crystal compound is fixed in the lower region 12A, whereas in the upper region 12B, polymerization of the liquid crystal compound does not proceed easily and the orientation state of the liquid crystal compound is not fixed. Furthermore, in the upper region 12B, the weighted average helical induction force of the first polymerizable chiral agent and the second polymerizable chiral agent changes due to a change in the helical induction force of the first polymerizable chiral agent. When such a change in the helical induction force of the first polymerizable chiral agent occurs, the force twisting the liquid crystal compound in the upper region 12B changes compared to the state before the light irradiation in step 3.
  • the composition layer 12 contains a first polymerizable chiral agent whose induced helical direction is left-handed and whose helical twisting power decreases upon light irradiation, and a second polymerizable chiral agent whose induced helical direction is right-handed and whose helical twisting power does not change upon light irradiation, and in which the absolute value of "helical twisting power of the first polymerizable chiral agent ( ⁇ m ⁇ 1 ) ⁇ concentration of the first polymerizable chiral agent (mass %)" is smaller than the absolute value of "helical twisting power of the second polymerizable chiral agent ( ⁇ m ⁇ 1 ) ⁇ concentration of the second polymerizable chiral agent (mass %)".
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a graph plotting the relationship between the helical twisting power ( ⁇ m -1 ) ⁇ concentration (mass %) and the light irradiation dose (mJ/cm 2 ) for each of the first polymerizable chiral agent and the second polymerizable chiral agent
  • Fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of a graph plotting the relationship between the weighted average helical twisting power ( ⁇ m -1 ) and the light irradiation dose (mJ/cm 2 ) for the first polymerizable chiral agent and the second polymerizable chiral agent.
  • the vertical axis represents "helix twisting power of chiral agent ( ⁇ m ⁇ 1 ) ⁇ chiral agent concentration (mass %)", and the further this value is from zero, the stronger the helix twisting power.
  • the relationship between the first polymerizable chiral agent and the second polymerizable chiral agent in the composition layer in step 2 corresponds to the point where the amount of light irradiation is 0.
  • the weighted average helical induction power is greater than 0.
  • the helical structure of the cholesteric liquid crystal phase becomes a right-handed helical structure derived from the second polymerizable chiral agent.
  • the composition layer 12 after the light irradiation in step 3 in which such a change in the weighted average helical twisting force has occurred is subjected to the heat treatment in step 5 to promote reorientation of the liquid crystal compound, as shown in Fig. 4, in the upper region 12B, the liquid crystal compound LC is more strongly twisted and aligned along the helical axis extending along the thickness direction of the composition layer 12.
  • the lower region 12A of the composition layer 12 polymerization of the liquid crystal compound has progressed during the light irradiation in step 3, and the alignment state of the liquid crystal compound has been fixed, so that reorientation of the liquid crystal compound does not proceed.
  • step 5 by carrying out step 5, a plurality of regions having different helical pitches are formed along the thickness direction of the composition layer.
  • a chiral agent whose helical twisting power decreases upon light irradiation is used as the first polymerizable chiral agent
  • the present invention is not limited to this embodiment.
  • a chiral agent whose helical twisting power increases upon light irradiation may be used as the first polymerizable chiral agent.
  • the weighted average helical twisting power of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer decreases upon light irradiation in step 3.
  • the heat treatment in step 5 is preferably carried out at a temperature higher than that in step 3 during light irradiation.
  • the difference between the temperature of the heat treatment in step 5 and the temperature during light irradiation in step 3 is preferably 5°C or more, more preferably 10 to 110°C, and even more preferably 20 to 110°C.
  • the temperature of the heat treatment in step 5 is preferably higher than the temperature during light irradiation in step 3 and is a temperature at which the unfixed liquid crystal compound in the composition layer is aligned. More specifically, the temperature is often 40 to 250°C, more often 50 to 150°C, even more often higher than 50°C and 150°C or lower, and particularly often 60 to 130°C.
  • the heating time in step 5 is often from 0.01 to 60 minutes, and more often from 0.03 to 5 minutes.
  • the absolute value of the difference between the weighted average helical twisting power of the chiral agent in the composition layer after light irradiation in step 3 and the weighted average helical twisting power before light irradiation in step 3 is preferably 0.05 ⁇ m -1 or more, more preferably 0.05 to 20.0 ⁇ m -1 , even more preferably 0.1 to 15.0 ⁇ m -1 , particularly preferably 1.0 to 15.0 ⁇ m -1 , and most preferably 5.0 to 15.0 ⁇ m -1 .
  • a heat treatment may be carried out when the light irradiation is carried out in step 3.
  • the same effect as in step 5 can be obtained.
  • the heat treatment may be carried out before the light irradiation or during the light irradiation.
  • the heating temperature and heating time are as described above.
  • Step 4 is a step of performing a curing treatment on the composition layer after the heat treatment involving light irradiation in step 3 or the heat treatment in step 5 (i.e., after the liquid crystal compound has been reoriented) to fix the orientation state of the liquid crystal compound and form a cholesteric liquid crystal layer having a plurality of regions with different helical pitches along the thickness direction. In most cases, the length of the helical pitch in each of the regions formed is constant.
  • a cholesteric liquid crystal layer having a cholesteric liquid crystal phase layer formed by fixing a cholesteric liquid crystal phase the cholesteric liquid crystal layer having a plurality of regions along the thickness direction in which the helical pitch of the cholesteric liquid crystal phase is different, and the helical pitch in each region is constant.
  • the method of the curing treatment is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include photocuring treatment and heat curing treatment. Among these, photoirradiation treatment is preferred, and ultraviolet irradiation treatment is more preferred.
  • a light source such as an ultraviolet lamp is used.
  • a wavelength cut filter may be used during the ultraviolet irradiation.
  • the amount of light (for example, ultraviolet light) applied is not particularly limited, but is generally preferably about 100 to 800 mJ/cm 2 .
  • the atmosphere during the light irradiation is not particularly limited, and the light irradiation may be performed in air or in an inert atmosphere. In particular, the light irradiation is preferably performed in an atmosphere having an oxygen concentration of less than 1% by volume.
  • the temperature conditions during photocuring are not particularly limited, and may be any temperature at which the alignment state of the liquid crystal compound is maintained after the heat treatment accompanying the light irradiation in step 3 or after the heat treatment in step 5.
  • the difference between the temperature of the heat treatment accompanying the light irradiation in step 3 or the heat treatment in step 5 and the temperature during the photocuring treatment in step 4 is preferably within 100° C., more preferably within 80° C. It is preferable that the temperature of the heat treatment accompanying the light irradiation in step 3 or the heat treatment in step 5 is the same as the temperature during the photocuring treatment in step 4, or that the temperature during the photocuring treatment in step 4 is lower.
  • the alignment state of the liquid crystal compound is fixed.
  • the "fixed" state is the most typical and preferred state in which the alignment of the liquid crystal compound is maintained, but is not limited thereto. Specifically, it is more preferred that the layer has no fluidity and the alignment state is not changed by an external field or force in a temperature range of usually 0 to 50° C., or in a more severe condition of ⁇ 30 to 70° C., and that the fixed alignment state can be stably maintained.
  • the composition in the layer does not necessarily have to exhibit liquid crystallinity.
  • the thickness of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.05 to 10 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.1 to 8.0 ⁇ m, and even more preferably 0.2 to 6.0 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the cholesteric liquid crystal is particularly preferably 1.8 ⁇ m or less, and most preferably 1.2 ⁇ m or less.
  • the selective reflection central wavelength derived from the cholesteric liquid crystal phase of each region is different.
  • the cholesteric liquid crystal layer may be a cholesteric liquid crystal layer having a region in which a cholesteric liquid crystal phase that reflects blue light is fixed and a region in which a cholesteric liquid crystal phase that reflects green light is fixed along the thickness direction, or a cholesteric liquid crystal layer having a region in which a cholesteric liquid crystal phase that reflects green light is fixed and a region in which a cholesteric liquid crystal phase that reflects red light is fixed along the thickness direction.
  • the selective reflection central wavelength refers to the average value of two wavelengths that exhibit a half-value transmittance, T1 /2 (%), expressed by the following formula, when the minimum transmittance of the target object (component) is Tmin (%).
  • T 1/2 100-(100-T min ) ⁇ 2
  • light in the wavelength range of 420 nm or more and less than 500 nm is blue light (B light)
  • light in the wavelength range of 500 nm or more and less than 600 nm is green light (G light)
  • light in the wavelength range of 600 nm or more and less than 700 nm is red light (R light).
  • a cholesteric liquid crystal layer having two regions with different helical pitches is described, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and the cholesteric liquid crystal layer may have three or more regions with different helical pitches.
  • An example of such a cholesteric liquid crystal layer is a cholesteric liquid crystal layer having, along the thickness direction, a region in which a cholesteric liquid crystal phase that reflects blue light is fixed, a region in which a cholesteric liquid crystal phase that reflects green light is fixed, and a region in which a cholesteric liquid crystal phase that reflects red light is fixed.
  • the cholesteric liquid crystal layer of the present invention is A cholesteric liquid crystal layer having a fixed cholesteric liquid crystal phase, The spiral pitch is varied in the thickness direction.
  • the cholesteric liquid crystal layer is a layer formed using a composition containing a liquid crystal compound having a polymerizable group (polymerizable liquid crystal compound), a first polymerizable chiral agent (first polymerizable chiral agent) whose helical twisting force changes upon irradiation with light, and a second polymerizable chiral agent (second polymerizable chiral agent) having a rotation property in the opposite direction to that of the first polymerizable chiral agent.
  • the cholesteric liquid crystal layer of the present invention is a cholesteric liquid crystal layer having a fixed cholesteric liquid crystal phase, and has a plurality of regions along the thickness direction in which the helical pitch of the cholesteric liquid crystal phase is different, and the selective reflection central wavelength derived from the cholesteric liquid crystal phase of each region is different.
  • the cholesteric liquid crystal layer may be a cholesteric liquid crystal layer having a region along the thickness direction in which a cholesteric liquid crystal phase that reflects blue light is fixed and a region along the thickness direction in which a cholesteric liquid crystal phase that reflects green light is fixed, or a cholesteric liquid crystal layer having a region along the thickness direction in which a cholesteric liquid crystal phase that reflects green light is fixed and a region along the thickness direction in which a cholesteric liquid crystal phase that reflects red light is fixed.
  • the thickness of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.05 to 10 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.1 to 8.0 ⁇ m, and even more preferably 0.2 to 6.0 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the cholesteric liquid crystal is particularly preferably 1.8 ⁇ m or less, and most preferably 1.2 ⁇ m or less.
  • the content of the first polymerizable chiral agent in the composition is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.1% by mass or more, more preferably 0.5% by mass or more, and even more preferably 1.0% by mass or more, based on the total solid content of the composition.
  • the upper limit is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10% by mass or less, more preferably 5% by mass or less, and even more preferably 3.5% by mass or less.
  • the content of the second polymerizable chiral agent in the composition is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1.0% by mass or more, more preferably 2.0% by mass or more, and even more preferably 4.0% by mass or more, based on the total solid content of the composition.
  • the upper limit is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10% by mass or less, more preferably 8% by mass or less, and even more preferably 6.0% by mass or less.
  • the content of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound in the composition is not particularly limited, but is preferably 60% by mass or more, more preferably 70% by mass or more, based on the total solid content of the composition.
  • the upper limit is not particularly limited, but is preferably 99% by mass or less, more preferably 97% by mass or less, even more preferably 95% by mass or less, and particularly preferably 90% by mass or less.
  • the total content of the first polymerizable chiral agent and the second polymerizable chiral agent in the composition can be appropriately set to an amount that can provide a desired selective reflection central wavelength.
  • Specific examples of the total content of the first polymerizable chiral agent and the second polymerizable chiral agent in the composition are preferably more than 5.0 mass%, more preferably 5.5 mass% or more, and even more preferably 6.0 mass% or more, based on the total mass of the liquid crystal compound.
  • the upper limit is not particularly limited, but is preferably 25 mass% or less, more preferably 20 mass% or less, and even more preferably 15 mass% or less.
  • the content of the first polymerizable chiral agent may be appropriately set to an amount that can provide a desired selective reflection central wavelength.
  • the content of the first polymerizable chiral agent is preferably 5 to 95 mass%, more preferably 10 to 90 mass%, and even more preferably 15 to 50 mass%, based on the total content of the first polymerizable chiral agent and the second polymerizable chiral agent.
  • the composition may contain other components in addition to the polymerizable liquid crystal compound, the first polymerizable chiral agent, and the second polymerizable chiral agent.
  • other components include a polymerization initiator, a surfactant, and an alignment control agent.
  • Specific examples of the polymerization initiator, surfactant, and orientation control agent include the same polymerization initiator, surfactant, and orientation control agent that may be contained in the composition layer in step 1 of the manufacturing method of the present invention described in the upper part.
  • the content of the polymerization initiator in the composition is not particularly limited, but is preferably from 0.01 to 20% by mass, and more preferably from 0.5 to 10% by mass, based on the total solid content of the composition.
  • the content of the alignment control agent in the composition is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.01 to 10% by mass, more preferably 0.01 to 5% by mass, and particularly preferably 0.02 to 1% by mass, based on the total mass of the liquid crystal compound.
  • the composition may contain other components in addition to those described above.
  • other components include polymerizable monomers, crosslinking agents, polymerization inhibitors, antioxidants, UV absorbers, light stabilizers, colorants, and metal oxide fine particles.
  • the above cholesteric liquid crystal layer can be formed by the manufacturing method of the present invention described in the upper part.
  • the reflective film of the present invention has a cholesteric liquid crystal layer, which is as described above.
  • a cholesteric liquid crystal layer which is as described above.
  • the reflective film when the reflective film is incorporated into a windshield glass to be used as a combiner for a head-up display, it is preferable that the projected image light is p-polarized, i.e., linearly polarized light, in order to suppress reflection on the surface of the windshield glass. For this reason, it is desirable that the reflective film reflects linearly polarized light.
  • a reflective film that reflects linearly polarized light will be described in detail.
  • the reflective film may also have a transparent support that supports the cholesteric liquid crystal layer.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing an example of the reflective film of the present invention.
  • the reflective film 20 shown in Fig. 6 includes a transparent support 22, a first retardation layer 24, a cholesteric liquid crystal layer 26, and a second retardation layer 28 in this order.
  • the transparent support 22 is an optional member and may not be included.
  • the total light transmittance of the transparent support 22 is preferably 80% or more, and more preferably 90% or more. There is no particular upper limit, but the upper limit may be less than 100%.
  • the in-plane retardation of the transparent support 22 is preferably 10 nm or less, more preferably 5 nm or less.
  • the absolute value of the retardation Rth in the thickness direction of the transparent support is preferably 40 nm or less, more preferably 30 nm or less.
  • the material constituting the transparent support 22 is not particularly limited, but is preferably a resin, more preferably a cellulose acylate resin or an acrylic resin, even more preferably a cellulose acylate resin, and particularly preferably a triacetyl cellulose resin or a diacetyl cellulose resin.
  • the thickness of the transparent support 22 is not particularly limited, but is preferably 5.0 to 1000 ⁇ m, more preferably 10 to 250 ⁇ m, and even more preferably 15 to 90 ⁇ m.
  • the first phase difference layer 24 changes the state of the incident polarized light by applying a phase difference (optical path difference) to two orthogonal polarized light components.
  • a suitable example is a layer (A plate) in which a liquid crystal compound is uniaxially aligned and fixed.
  • Examples of the first retardation layer 24 include a stretched polycarbonate film, a stretched norbornene-based polymer film, a transparent film containing and oriented inorganic particles having birefringence such as strontium carbonate, a thin film formed by obliquely depositing an inorganic dielectric on a support, and a film in which a liquid crystal compound is uniaxially oriented (nematically oriented) and then oriented and fixed.
  • a film in which a liquid crystal compound is uniaxially aligned and fixed is particularly preferable.
  • the thickness of the first retardation layer 24 is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.2 to 300 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.5 to 150 ⁇ m, and further preferably 1.0 to 80 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the first retardation layer 24 is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.2 to 10 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.5 to 5.0 ⁇ m, and even more preferably 0.7 to 2.0 ⁇ m.
  • the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 26 has a plurality of regions with different helical pitches of the cholesteric liquid crystal phase along the thickness direction, and the selective reflection central wavelength derived from the cholesteric liquid crystal phase of each region is different.
  • a cholesteric liquid crystal layer obtained by the manufacturing method of the present invention described above can be used as the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 26 .
  • each region in order from the transparent support 22 side, there are a region having a selective reflection central wavelength in the red (R) wavelength region, a region having a selective reflection central wavelength in the green (G) wavelength region, and a region having a selective reflection central wavelength in the blue (B) wavelength region.
  • the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 26 reflects light having a selective reflection center wavelength corresponding to the helical pitch and transmits light having other wavelengths.
  • the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 26 also exhibits selective reflectivity for either left-handed or right-handed circularly polarized light at a specific wavelength.
  • the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 26 may be a cholesteric liquid crystal layer formed by the manufacturing method of the present application described in the upper part, or may be a laminate of a cholesteric liquid crystal layer formed by the manufacturing method of the present application described in the upper part and another cholesteric liquid crystal layer.
  • the cholesteric liquid crystal layer may be formed by laminating a cholesteric liquid crystal layer having a region having a selective reflection center wavelength in the red (R) wavelength region, a region having a selective reflection center wavelength in the green (G) wavelength region, and a region having a selective reflection center wavelength in the blue (B) wavelength region along the thickness direction, on the surface of a cholesteric liquid crystal layer having a selective reflection center wavelength in the red (IR) wavelength region, by the manufacturing method of the present application described in the upper part.
  • the second retardation layer 28 is a so-called polarization conversion layer.
  • the polarization conversion layer exhibits optical rotation and birefringence for visible light, and converts the polarization state of incident light.
  • the second retardation layer 28 is preferably a layer in which a helical alignment structure of a liquid crystal compound is fixed.
  • the second retardation layer 28 is a layer in which a helical orientation structure of a liquid crystal compound is fixed, and the pitch number x of the helical orientation structure and the film thickness y (unit: ⁇ m) of the polarization conversion layer are expressed by the following relational expression (a It is preferable that all of the above conditions (a) to (c) are satisfied.
  • One pitch of the helical structure of the liquid crystal compound is one turn of the helix of the liquid crystal compound. That is, when the director of the helically aligned liquid crystal compound (the long axis direction in the case of a rod-shaped liquid crystal) rotates 360°, This state is defined as pitch number 1.
  • the second phase difference layer 28 When the second phase difference layer 28 has a helical structure of a liquid crystal compound, it exhibits optical rotation and birefringence for visible light, which has a shorter wavelength than the reflection peak wavelength in the infrared range. Therefore, it is possible to control the polarization in the visible range.
  • the pitch number x of the helical orientation structure of the second phase difference layer 28 and the film thickness y of the second phase difference layer 28 within the above range, it is possible to impart the second phase difference layer 28 with a function of optically compensating for visible light, or a function of converting linearly polarized light (P-polarized light) incident on the reflective film 20 into circularly polarized light.
  • the liquid crystal compound has a helical structure that satisfies the relational expressions (a) to (c), so that the second retardation layer 28 exhibits optical rotation and birefringence for visible light.
  • the pitch P of the helical structure of the second retardation layer 28 is set to a length that corresponds to the pitch P of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer, whose selective reflection center wavelength is in the long-wavelength infrared range, the second retardation layer 28 exhibits high optical rotation and birefringence for visible light, which is a short wavelength.
  • the pitch number x of the spiral structure of the second phase difference layer 28 is more preferably 0.1 to 0.8, and the film thickness y is more preferably 0.6 to 2.6 ⁇ m.
  • "(1560 ⁇ y)/x” is more preferably 5000 to 13000.
  • Such a second retardation layer 28 can basically be formed in the same manner as a known cholesteric liquid crystal layer.
  • the second retardation layer 28 may be disposed on a second glass plate (not shown) side facing the vehicle interior, and the first retardation layer 24 may be disposed on a first glass plate (not shown) side facing the vehicle exterior.
  • the second retardation layer 28 has a function of converting the projected P-polarized light (linearly polarized light) into circularly polarized light reflected by the cholesteric liquid crystal layer of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 26.
  • the first retardation layer 24 has an optical compensation function for light incident from the outside of the windshield glass.
  • the polarization state of S-polarized light incident from the outside of the windshield glass changes when passing through the second retardation layer 28, and P-polarized components are mixed in. Since polarized sunglasses cut S-polarized light, this P-polarized component passes through the polarized sunglasses. Therefore, the function of polarized sunglasses to cut the glare of reflected light, which is mainly composed of S-polarized light, is impaired, which causes a problem of impeding driving. On the other hand, by having a configuration with the first retardation layer 24 and performing optical compensation with the first retardation layer 24, the suitability for polarized sunglasses can be improved.
  • the second retardation layer 28 may be disposed on a first glass plate (not shown) side facing the vehicle exterior, and the first retardation layer 24 may be disposed on a second glass plate (not shown) side facing the vehicle interior.
  • the first retardation layer 24 has a function of converting the projected P-polarized light (linearly polarized light) into circularly polarized light reflected by the cholesteric liquid crystal layer of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 26.
  • the second retardation layer 28 has an optical compensation function for light incident from the outside of the windshield glass, and by providing optical compensation with the second retardation layer 28, suitability for polarized sunglasses can be improved.
  • the front retardation of the first retardation layer 24 at a wavelength of 550 nm is preferably 50 to 160 nm.
  • the angle of the slow axis of the first retardation layer 24 is preferably 10° to 50° or ⁇ 50° to ⁇ 10°.
  • the first retardation layer 24 when used for the purpose of converting linearly polarized light into circularly polarized light, the first retardation layer 24 is preferably configured to give a front retardation of ⁇ /4, and may be configured to give a front retardation of 3 ⁇ /4.
  • the angle of the slow axis may be arranged so as to be oriented in such a way that the incident linearly polarized light is converted into circularly polarized light.
  • the front retardation of the first retardation layer 24 at a wavelength of 550 nm is preferably 100 to 450 nm, more preferably 120 to 200 nm or 300 to 400 nm.
  • the direction of the slow axis of the first retardation layer 24 is preferably determined according to the incident direction of the projection light for projecting an image and the sense of the helix of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer when the reflective film 20 is used in a head-up display system.
  • the reflective film may be in a form including an A plate, which is described as a first retardation layer 24, on both sides of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 26, or in a form including a polarization conversion layer, which is described as a second retardation layer 28, on both sides of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 26. That is, the reflective film may be in a form including an A plate on both sides of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer, or in a form including a polarization conversion layer on both sides of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer.
  • the first retardation layer 24 or the second retardation layer 28 (polarization conversion layer) arranged on the second glass plate (not shown) side may have a function of converting projected P-polarized light (linearly polarized light) into circularly polarized light that can be reflected by the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 26.
  • the first retardation layer 24 or the second retardation layer 28 (polarization conversion layer) arranged on the first glass plate (not shown) side which is the vehicle outside, may have a function of optical compensation for light entering from the outside of the windshield glass.
  • the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 26 has a plurality of regions with different helical pitches of the cholesteric liquid crystal phase along the thickness direction, and is described as being, in order from the transparent support 22 side, a region having a selective reflection center wavelength in the red (R) wavelength region, a region having a selective reflection center wavelength in the green (G) wavelength region, and a region having a selective reflection center wavelength in the blue (B) wavelength region.
  • it may be a region having a selective reflection center wavelength in the blue (B) wavelength region, a region having a selective reflection center wavelength in the green (G) wavelength region, and a region having a selective reflection center wavelength in the red (R) wavelength region.
  • the average reflectance of the reflective film at an incident angle of 5° and wavelength of 400 to 800 nm is preferably 25% or less, more preferably 20% or less, and even more preferably 15% or less. There is no particular lower limit, but it is, for example, 10% or more.
  • the average transmittance of the reflective film at wavelengths of 380 to 420 nm is preferably 40% or more, more preferably 45% or more, and even more preferably 50% or more. There is no particular upper limit, but it is, for example, 90% or less.
  • the laminated glass of the present invention comprises a first glass plate, the above-mentioned reflective film, and a second glass plate in this order.
  • the reflective film is as described above.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram showing an example of the laminated glass of the present invention.
  • the laminated glass 30 shown in Fig. 7 includes, in this order, a first glass plate 32, an interlayer 34, a reflective film 20, a heat seal layer 36, and a second glass plate 38.
  • the interlayer 34 and the heat seal layer 36 are optional components and may not be included in the laminated glass 30.
  • the laminated glass 30 may include an adhesive layer (OCA layer) instead of the heat seal layer 36.
  • the reflective film 20 has, from the first glass plate 32 side, a second retardation layer 28, a cholesteric liquid crystal layer 26, a first retardation layer 24, and a transparent support 22 in this order.
  • the laminated glass 30 is used as a windshield glass in a vehicle
  • curved glass is often used for the first glass plate 32 and the second glass plate 38.
  • the first glass plate 32 is located on the outside of the vehicle and the second glass plate 38 is located on the inside of the vehicle, the first glass plate 32 is arranged with its concave side facing the second glass plate 38, and the second glass plate 38 is arranged with its convex side facing the first glass plate 32.
  • Glass plates that are generally used for windshield glass can be used for the glass plates such as the first glass plate 32 and the second glass plate 38.
  • glass plates having a visible light transmittance of 80% or less, such as 73% or 76%, such as green glass with high heat insulating properties may be used.
  • the thickness of the first glass plate 32 and the second glass plate 38 is not particularly limited, but may be about 0.5 to 5.0 mm, preferably 1.0 to 3.0 mm, and more preferably 2.0 to 2.3 mm.
  • the material or thickness of the first glass plate 32 and the second glass plate 38 may be the same or different.
  • the intermediate film 34 prevents glass from penetrating and shattering into the vehicle interior in the event of an accident, and in the example shown in FIG. 7, it bonds the reflective film 20 and the first glass plate 32 together.
  • interlayer film 34 interlayer film sheet
  • a resin film containing a resin selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, and chlorine-containing resin can be used.
  • the above-mentioned resin is preferably the main component of the interlayer film. Note that the main component refers to a component that accounts for 50% or more by mass of the interlayer film.
  • polyvinyl butyral or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is preferred, and polyvinyl butyral is more preferred.
  • the resin is preferably a synthetic resin.
  • Polyvinyl butyral can be obtained by acetalizing polyvinyl alcohol with butyraldehyde. The degree of acetalization of the polyvinyl butyral is preferably 40 to 85%, more preferably 60 to 75%.
  • the thickness of the intermediate film 34 is not particularly limited, and may be set according to the material it is made of, in the same way as intermediate films in known windshield glass.
  • the heat seal layer 36 is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, a layer made of a coating type adhesive. In the example shown in FIG.
  • the type of heat seal layer 36 is not particularly limited, and any known coating type adhesive can be used as long as it can ensure the necessary transparency for windshield glass and can bond the reflective film 20 and the second glass plate 38 with the necessary adhesion.
  • the heat seal layer 36 may be the same as the intermediate film 34, such as PVB.
  • the heat seal layer 36 may be formed from an adhesive. From the viewpoint of the curing method, adhesives are classified into hot melt type, heat curing type, light curing type, reaction curing type, and pressure sensitive adhesive type that does not require curing.
  • a heat seal layer 36 is shown, but the reflective film may be directly attached to the second glass plate 38.
  • the adhesive layer may be formed using a highly transparent adhesive transfer tape (OCA tape).
  • OCA tape a commercially available product for image display devices, particularly a commercially available product for the surface of the image display part of an image display device, may be used. Examples of commercially available products include adhesive sheets (PD-S1, etc.) manufactured by PANAC Corporation and MHM series adhesive sheets manufactured by NICHIEI KAKOH CO., LTD.
  • the laminated glass having the first glass plate 32, the intermediate film 34, the reflective film 20, the heat seal layer 36, and the second glass plate 38 in this order has been described, but the configuration of the laminated glass is not limited thereto, and may have, for example, the first glass plate 32, the heat seal layer 36, the reflective film 20, the intermediate film 34, and the second glass plate 38 in this order.
  • the reflective film 20 has, for example, the transparent support 22, the first retardation layer 24, the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 26, and the second retardation layer 28 arranged in this order from the first glass plate 32 side.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing an example of the laminated glass of the present invention.
  • the laminated glass 40 shown in Fig. 8 includes a first glass plate 32, an interlayer film 34, a second glass plate 38, a heat seal layer 36, and a reflective film 20, in this order.
  • the heat seal layer 36 is an optional component and may not be included in the laminated glass 40.
  • the laminated glass 40 may include an adhesive layer (OCA layer) instead of the heat seal layer 36.
  • the reflective film 20 has, from the first glass plate 32 side, a second retardation layer 28, a cholesteric liquid crystal layer 26, a first retardation layer 24, and a transparent support 22 in this order.
  • the components of the laminated glass 40 are the same as those of the laminated glass 30 .
  • the method for producing the laminated glass of the present invention is not particularly limited, and the glass can be produced according to known methods for producing laminated glass.
  • the laminate can be produced by laminating the various components, repeatedly performing heat treatment and pressure treatment (treatment using a rubber roller, etc.) several times, and finally performing heat treatment under pressure using an autoclave or the like.
  • a head-up display system of the present invention includes a windshield glass made of the above-mentioned laminated glass, and a projector that irradiates projection light onto the windshield glass.
  • FIG. 9 shows an example of a head-up display system according to the present invention.
  • a head-up display system 110 of the present invention shown in FIG. 9 is an in-vehicle type head-up display system, and includes a projector 112 for the head-up display system and a windshield glass 114 .
  • the projector 112 for the head-up display system illustrated in FIG. 9 has an image forming section 120, an intermediate image screen 122, a reflecting member 124, and a concave mirror 126.
  • the projector 112 for the head-up display system is also simply referred to as the "projector.”
  • the projection light projected by a projector 112 passes through a transparent window 132 provided in a dashboard 130, is projected onto a windshield glass 114, and is observed by an observer OB.
  • the observer OB observes the image projected onto the windshield glass 114 as a virtual image through the windshield glass 114, as in a typical head-up display system.
  • a projector 112 emits projection light that is P polarized light
  • a windshield glass 114 reflects the P polarized light.
  • the present invention is not limited to the embodiment shown in FIG. 9, and may be configured such that the projector irradiates S-polarized projection light and the windshield glass reflects the S-polarized light.
  • the components of the head-up display system 110 are described in detail below.
  • the image forming section 120 includes a light source 134 , a polarizing plate 136 , and an optical deflector 138 .
  • the image forming unit 120 is a so-called light beam scanner that forms an image by scanning a light beam.
  • a light beam modulated in accordance with a projection image is emitted from a light source 134 , which is converted into P-polarized light by a polarizing plate 136 and secondarily scanned by an optical deflector 138 .
  • the projector 112 secondarily scans the light beam modulated according to the projection image by the optical deflector 138, forms a real image on the intermediate image screen 122, and reflects this real image along a predetermined optical path by the reflecting member 124 and the concave mirror 126.
  • this reflected light passes through the transparent window 132 provided in the dashboard 130 and is projected onto the windshield glass 114, and is observed as a virtual image through the windshield glass 114 by the observer OB.
  • the type of light source 134 is not particularly limited, and various light sources used for image formation can be used.
  • Examples of the light source 134 include a light emitting diode (LED), a discharge tube, and a laser light source. Note that the LED includes a light emitting diode and an organic light emitting diode (OLED).
  • LED light emitting diode
  • OLED organic light emitting diode
  • the polarizing plate 136 converts the incident light beam into P-polarized light (P linearly polarized light).
  • the type of polarizing plate 136 is not particularly limited, and various types of ordinary linear polarizing plates (linear polarizers) can be used.
  • An example of the polarizing plate 136 is a polarizing plate formed by laminating thin films having different refractive index anisotropy.
  • a polarizing plate formed by laminating thin films having different refractive index anisotropy for example, one described in JP-A-9-506837 can be used.
  • a polarizing plate can be formed using a wide variety of materials by processing them under conditions selected to obtain a refractive index relationship.
  • the polarizing plate in which thin films with different refractive index anisotropy are laminated may be a commercially available product, such as DBEF (manufactured by 3M) and APF (Advanced Polarizing Film).
  • DBEF manufactured by 3M
  • APF Advanced Polarizing Film
  • the polarizing plate 136 an absorptive polarizing plate containing an iodine compound, or a general linear polarizing plate such as a reflective polarizing plate such as a wire grid can also be used.
  • the polarizing plate 136 converts the incident light beam into P-polarized light (P linearly polarized light), but the present invention is not limited to this embodiment, and the polarizing plate may convert the incident light beam into S-polarized light (S linearly polarized light).
  • the retardation layer may convert S-polarized light into P-polarized light.
  • optical deflector 138 various types of ordinary optical deflectors capable of scanning a light beam secondarily can be used.
  • the optical deflector 138 include a galvanometer mirror, a combination of a galvanometer mirror and a polygon mirror, and a micro electro mechanical system (MEMS).
  • MEMS micro electro mechanical system
  • the MEMS is preferably used.
  • the image forming unit 120 forms a projection picture and an image by scanning a light beam, but the present invention is not limited to this. That is, in the projector of the present invention, as the image forming means, various types of normal image forming means used in projectors (imagers) of head-up display systems can be used. As an example of the image forming means, for example, a fluorescent tube or an LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) using liquid crystal and an LCOS (Liquid Crystal On Silicon) are adopted. As another example of the image forming means, for example, an organic electroluminescence (organic EL) display or the like is adopted. Alternatively, as another example of the image forming means, a DLP (Digital Light Processing) using a DMD (Digital Micro Mirror Device) or the like is adopted.
  • a DLP Digital Light Processing
  • DMD Digital Micro Mirror Device
  • the projection light emitted from the image forming section 120 is then turned into a real image (visible image) by the intermediate image screen 122 .
  • the type of intermediate image screen 122 is not particularly limited, and any known intermediate image screen can be used as appropriate.
  • the projected light that has been formed into an actual image on the intermediate image screen 122 is reflected along a predetermined optical path by the reflecting member 124 and the concave mirror 126, as described above.
  • the types of the reflecting member 124 and the concave mirror 126 are not particularly limited, and known materials can be used as appropriate. It should be noted that the projector 112 illustrated in FIG. 9 uses the reflecting member 124 and the concave mirror 126 as members for changing the optical path of the projection light, but the present invention is not limited to this.
  • the projector of the present invention may not have a concave mirror, and may have only a reflective member as a component that changes the optical path of the projection light, or it may have one or more other light-reflecting elements in addition to the reflective member and concave mirror.
  • the light reflecting element in addition to a concave mirror and a normal mirror, a free curved mirror, etc. can be used. That is, the projector of the present invention can be configured using various light reflecting elements as long as it has the reflective member of the present invention.
  • a diffractive reflective element may be used other than the above-mentioned concave mirror. Examples of the diffractive reflective element include a holographic diffraction grating and a surface relief type diffraction grating.
  • the windshield glass 114 refers to the window glass and windshield glass of vehicles such as cars and trains, airplanes, ships, motorcycles, and playground equipment.
  • the windshield glass is preferably used as a windshield or windshield glass located in front of the vehicle in the traveling direction.
  • the laminated glass of the present invention is used as the windshield glass 114 .
  • the first glass sheet 32 is disposed on the exterior side of the vehicle, and the second glass sheet 38 is disposed on the interior side of the vehicle.
  • the visible light transmittance of the windshield glass 114 is preferably 70% or more, more preferably more than 70%, further preferably 75% or more, and particularly preferably 80% or more. It is preferable that the above-mentioned visible light transmittance is satisfied at any position on the windshield glass 114, and it is particularly preferable that the above-mentioned visible light transmittance is satisfied at the position where the reflective film is present.
  • the head-up display system of the present invention can be applied to various applications. For example, there is an in-vehicle head-up display system.
  • composition comprises a liquid crystal compound having a polymerizable group, a first polymerizable chiral agent whose helical twisting power changes upon irradiation with light, and a second polymerizable chiral agent having a rotation ability in the opposite direction to that of the first polymerizable chiral agent.
  • the content of the first polymerizable chiral agent in the composition is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.1% by mass or more, more preferably 0.5% by mass or more, and even more preferably 1.0% by mass or more, based on the total solid content of the composition.
  • the upper limit is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10% by mass or less, more preferably 5% by mass or less, and even more preferably 3.5% by mass or less.
  • the content of the second polymerizable chiral agent in the composition is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1.0% by mass or more, more preferably 2.0% by mass or more, and even more preferably 4.0% by mass or more, based on the total solid content of the composition.
  • the upper limit is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10% by mass or less, more preferably 8% by mass or less, and even more preferably 6.0% by mass or less.
  • the content of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound in the composition is not particularly limited, but is preferably 60% by mass or more, more preferably 70% by mass or more, based on the total solid content of the composition.
  • the upper limit is not particularly limited, but is preferably 99% by mass or less, more preferably 97% by mass or less, even more preferably 95% by mass or less, and particularly preferably 90% by mass or less.
  • the total content of the first polymerizable chiral agent and the second polymerizable chiral agent in the composition can be appropriately set to an amount that can provide a desired selective reflection central wavelength.
  • Specific examples of the total content of the first polymerizable chiral agent and the second polymerizable chiral agent in the composition are preferably more than 5.0 mass%, more preferably 5.5 mass% or more, and even more preferably 6.0 mass% or more, based on the total mass of the liquid crystal compound.
  • the upper limit is not particularly limited, but is preferably 25 mass% or less, more preferably 20 mass% or less, and even more preferably 15 mass% or less.
  • the content of the first polymerizable chiral agent may be appropriately set to an amount that can provide a desired selective reflection central wavelength.
  • the content of the first polymerizable chiral agent is preferably 5 to 95 mass%, more preferably 10 to 90 mass%, and even more preferably 15 to 50 mass%, based on the total content of the first polymerizable chiral agent and the second polymerizable chiral agent.
  • the composition may contain other components in addition to the polymerizable liquid crystal compound, the first polymerizable chiral agent, and the second polymerizable chiral agent.
  • other components include a polymerization initiator, a surfactant, and an alignment control agent.
  • Specific examples of the polymerization initiator, surfactant, and orientation control agent include the same polymerization initiator, surfactant, and orientation control agent that may be contained in the composition layer in step 1 of the manufacturing method of the present invention described in the upper part.
  • the content of the polymerization initiator in the composition is not particularly limited, but is preferably from 0.01 to 20% by mass, and more preferably from 0.5 to 10% by mass, based on the total solid content of the composition.
  • the content of the alignment control agent in the composition is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.01 to 10% by mass, more preferably 0.01 to 5% by mass, and particularly preferably 0.02 to 1% by mass, based on the total mass of the liquid crystal compound.
  • the composition may contain other components in addition to those described above.
  • other components include polymerizable monomers, crosslinking agents, polymerization inhibitors, antioxidants, UV absorbers, light stabilizers, colorants, and metal oxide fine particles.
  • composition a for forming liquid crystal layer
  • the following components were mixed to prepare a liquid crystal layer forming composition a.
  • Chiral agent C2 shown in Table 1 Amount adjusted to achieve the target alignment state and selective reflection wavelength (amount A below)
  • Mixed solvent
  • ⁇ Mixing amount of chiral agent C1 and chiral agent C2 (mixing amount A)>
  • the blending ratio and total blending amount of the chiral dopant C1 and the chiral dopant C2 were set so that the liquid crystal layer forming composition a satisfied the following conditions.
  • the types of chiral agent C1 and chiral agent C2 contained in the liquid crystal layer-forming composition a differ for each example, and the helical twisting power exhibited by each chiral agent also differs depending on the type.
  • liquid crystal layer-forming composition a when liquid crystal layer-forming composition a is used to form a cholesteric liquid crystal alignment state in which the lower layer has a horizontal alignment and the upper layer has a selective reflection wavelength of 901 nm according to the specified procedure shown in the conditions below, the blending ratio and total blending amount of chiral agent C1 and chiral agent C2 required to form the desired alignment state differ for each example.
  • composition b for forming a liquid crystal layer when composition b for forming a liquid crystal layer is used to form a cholesteric liquid crystal alignment state in which the selective reflection wavelength of the lower layer is 715 nm and the selective reflection wavelength of the upper layer is 560 nm according to the specified procedure shown in the conditions below, the blending ratio and total blending amount of chiral agent C1 and chiral agent C2 required to form the above-mentioned desired alignment state differ for each example.
  • composition t1 for forming the second retardation layer (A).
  • the liquid crystal compound LC1 described above 100.0 parts by mass; Photopolymerization initiator (OXE01, manufactured by BASF): 1.0 part by mass; Compound C (alignment control agent): 0.25 parts by mass; Mixed solvent (MEK/anone (mass ratio) 85/15) Amount to achieve a solids concentration of 30% by mass ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  • composition t2 for forming second retardation layer (B) (polarization conversion layer)
  • the following components were mixed to prepare a composition t2 for forming the second retardation layer (B).
  • ⁇ Composition of composition t2 for forming second retardation layer (B) The liquid crystal compound LC1 100.0 parts by mass Photopolymerization initiator (OXE01, manufactured by BASF) 1.0 part by mass
  • the compound C (alignment control agent) 0.25 parts by mass Chiral agent C2 shown in Table 1 Amount adjusted to achieve the target alignment state and selective reflection wavelength (mixture amount T below) Mixed solvent (MEK/anone (mass ratio 85/15)) Amount to achieve a solids concentration of 30% by mass ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  • the amount of the chiral agent C2 was set so that the composition t2 for forming the second retardation layer (B) satisfied the following condition.
  • the liquid crystal phase is fixed by exposing the film to an integrated light quantity of 300 mJ/ cm2 using a metal halide lamp that cuts off wavelengths of 330 nm or less in an environment of 50° C. and an oxygen concentration of 100 volume ppm or less.
  • the selective reflection wavelength becomes 8500 nm.
  • Heat seal layer forming composition h The following components were mixed to prepare a heat seal layer forming composition h.
  • Compounds 1B to 4B and compound R2 are chiral agents whose helical twisting power changes when irradiated with light (ultraviolet light (365 nm) as described below).
  • a metal halide lamp with a wavelength of 330 nm or less was used to expose the film to an integrated light amount of 300 mJ / cm 2 to fix the cholesteric liquid crystal phase, thereby forming a liquid crystal layer A having a retardation layer (first retardation layer) and a selective reflection layer 1 on the TAC film. That is, the retardation layer (first retardation layer) and the selective reflection layer 1 were formed collectively on the TAC film using the liquid crystal layer forming composition a.
  • the liquid crystal layer forming composition b was applied onto the liquid crystal layer A so that the film thickness after drying was 1.0 ⁇ m. After application, the liquid crystal layer was left to stand at room temperature for 15 seconds, and heated in a 60° C. atmosphere for 30 seconds. Then, in an atmosphere of 40° C., ultraviolet light (wavelength 365 nm) was irradiated at 60 mJ/cm 2 , and the liquid crystal layer was heated again in a 60° C. atmosphere for 30 seconds. Then, in an environment of 50° C.
  • a metal halide lamp with a wavelength of 330 nm or less was used to expose the liquid crystal layer B to an integrated light amount of 300 mJ/cm 2 to fix the cholesteric liquid crystal phase, thereby forming a liquid crystal layer B having a selective reflection layer 2 and a selective reflection layer 3 on the liquid crystal layer A. That is, the liquid crystal layer forming composition b was used to collectively form the selective reflection layer 2 and the selective reflection layer 3 on the liquid crystal layer A. That is, a cholesteric liquid crystal layer having a plurality of regions with different helical pitches along the thickness direction was formed.
  • the composition t1 for forming the second retardation layer (A) was applied onto the liquid crystal layer B so that the film thickness after drying would be 1.6 ⁇ m. After application, the composition was exposed to an integrated light amount of 300 mJ/cm 2 using a metal halide lamp that cuts wavelengths of 330 nm or less in an environment of 50° C. with an oxygen concentration of 100 volume ppm or less to fix the liquid crystal phase, thereby forming a second retardation layer (A) on the liquid crystal layer B.
  • reflective film T The reflective film produced by the above procedure (hereinafter also referred to as "reflective film T") was used to carry out various evaluations, which will be explained later.
  • Example 4 Except for changing the types of chiral compound C1 and chiral agent C2, the liquid crystal layer B was prepared by the same preparation method as in Example 1. Next, the second retardation layer (A) forming composition t1 was applied onto the obtained liquid crystal layer B so that the film thickness after drying was 1.6 ⁇ m. After application, in an environment of 50 ° C. with an oxygen concentration of 100 volume ppm or less, the liquid crystal phase was fixed by exposure to an integrated light amount of 300 mJ / cm 2 with a metal halide lamp that cuts wavelengths of 330 nm or less, to form a second retardation layer (A) on the liquid crystal layer B (reflective film T).
  • the heat seal layer forming composition h was further applied to the surface on the second retardation layer (A) side so that the film thickness after drying was 0.7 ⁇ m.
  • the cover was sealed at room temperature to create a solvent atmosphere, and the film was left to stand for 15 seconds. Thereafter, the film was heated in an atmosphere at 120° C. for 60 seconds, and then exposed to a mercury lamp (without a wavelength cut filter) in a room temperature environment with an oxygen concentration of 100 volume ppm or less to an integrated light amount of 300 mJ/ cm2 to fix the liquid crystal phase, thereby obtaining a reflective film with a heat seal layer (hereinafter also referred to as “reflective film H with a heat seal layer”).
  • Examples 5 and 6, and Comparative Examples 2 and 3 On the liquid crystal layer B obtained by each preparation method of Example 3 or Comparative Example 1, the composition t1 for forming the second retardation layer (A) or the composition t2 for forming the second retardation layer (B) was applied so that the film thickness after drying was 1.6 ⁇ m. After application, in an environment of 50 ° C.
  • the liquid crystal phase was fixed by exposing to an integrated light amount of 300 mJ / cm 2 with a metal halide lamp that cuts wavelengths of 330 nm or less, to form a second retardation layer (A) or a second retardation layer (B) (polarization conversion layer) on the liquid crystal layer B (reflective film T).
  • the composition h for forming the heat seal layer was further applied to the surface of the second retardation layer (A) or the second retardation layer (B) side so that the film thickness after drying was 0.7 ⁇ m.
  • the cover was sealed at room temperature to create a solvent atmosphere and left to stand for 15 seconds.
  • the film was heated in an atmosphere at 120°C for 60 seconds, and then exposed to a mercury lamp (without a wavelength cut filter) in a room temperature environment with an oxygen concentration of 100 volume ppm or less to achieve an integrated light amount of 300 mJ/ cm2 to fix the liquid crystal phase, thereby obtaining a reflective film H with a heat seal layer.
  • a mercury lamp without a wavelength cut filter
  • the reflective film H with a heat seal layer produced by the above procedure was used to carry out various evaluations, which will be described later.
  • the same spectrophotometer was used to measure the transmittance from 350 to 900 nm for the reflective films T obtained by the preparation methods of Examples 1 to 6 by irradiating P-polarized light and S-polarized light from the second retardation layer side (the second retardation layer (A) or the second retardation layer (B) side) in the normal direction (front 0°) of the film.
  • the obtained spectra of P-polarized light and S-polarized light were averaged to obtain a transmission spectrum.
  • the reflective films T obtained by the preparation methods of Examples 1 to 6 all had an average transmittance of 50% or more in the wavelength range of 380 to 420 nm.
  • Example 1 to 3 and Comparative Example 1 ⁇ Durability Evaluation 1 (Heat treatment for 85 minutes in an environment of 140° C.)> (Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Example 1)
  • the second retardation layer (A) side of the reflective film T of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Example was attached to a 2 mm thick glass with a 10 ⁇ m thick adhesive.
  • the support side (TAC film side) was sandwiched and fixed with the same 2 mm thick glass, and heat-treated (heat-treated) for 85 minutes in an environment of 140° C.
  • the reflection spectrum of the reflective film T bonded to the glass before heating and the reflective film T bonded to the glass after heating was measured by the following procedure.
  • (Reflection spectrum measurement) Using a spectrophotometer (V-670, manufactured by JASCO Corporation), P-polarized light and S-polarized light were incident from the glass side at an angle of 5° to the normal direction of the glass, and the reflectance was measured from 350 to 900 nm. The obtained spectra of P-polarized light and S-polarized light were averaged to obtain the reflection spectrum.
  • the reflection spectrum of the reflective film T before heating and the reflection spectrum of the reflective film T after heating were compared to determine the wavelengths corresponding to the above observation points (A 700 , A 550 , A 450 ) in the reflection spectrum of the reflective film T after heating (wavelength after heating at observation point A 700 : X (nm), wavelength after heating at observation point A 550 : Y (nm), wavelength after heating at observation point A 450 : Z (nm)).
  • observation point A 700 when the observation point at a wavelength of 700 nm in the reflection spectrum of the reflective film T before heating is a peak position, if the peak position in the reflection spectrum of the reflective film T after heating is observed at a wavelength of 690 nm, the wavelength corresponding to observation point A 700 after heating is 690 nm.
  • the peak position has been described above, for example, when the position of the wavelength of 700 nm in the reflection spectrum of the reflective film T before heating corresponds to the intermediate position from the peak to the valley of the reflection spectrum, the wavelength at which the intermediate position in the reflection spectrum of the reflective film T after heating is located corresponds to the corresponding wavelength.
  • the wavelength shifts S700, S550 , and S450 before and after heating at each observation point were calculated using the following formulas (1) to (3).
  • the arithmetic mean values (see formula (4)) of S700 , S550 , and S450 were calculated, and this was defined as the wavelength shift ⁇ (nm) of the reflection spectrum before and after heating.
  • Formula (S1) S 700
  • Formula (S2) S 550
  • Formula (S3) S 450
  • Formula (S4) ⁇ (S 700 +S 550 +S 450 )/3
  • Example 1 to 3 and Comparative Example 1 The second retardation layer (A) side of the reflective film T of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Example was attached to a 2 mm thick glass with a 10 ⁇ m thick adhesive, and heat-treated for 24 hours in an environment of 90° C./80% RH.
  • the reflection spectrum of the reflective film T before and after heating was measured in the same manner as in durability evaluation 1.
  • the wavelength shift amount ⁇ (nm) of the reflection spectrum before and after heating was obtained and evaluated in the same manner as in durability evaluation 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
  • Examples 4 to 6 and Comparative Examples 2 and 3 The reflective film H with a heat seal layer prepared in Examples 4 to 6 and Comparative Examples 2 and 3 was laminated with other members in the following arrangement.
  • the reflective film H with a heat seal layer was laminated so that the heat seal layer side faced the first glass side.
  • First glass/reflective film H with heat seal layer/interlayer/PET film for peeling/second glass the laminate was subjected to heat treatment 1 (vacuum drawing at 140° C. for 2 hours) to be in a pre-pressure bonded state.
  • the pre-pressure bonded laminate was subjected to heat treatment 2 (140° C., 1.2 MPa high temperature and high pressure for 45 minutes).
  • the reflection spectrum of the reflective film H with the heat seal layer before temporary bonding (heat treatment 1) and after thermocompression bonding (heat treatment 2) was measured by the same method as in durability evaluation 1.
  • the intermediate film/peel-off PET film/second glass were removed from the sample after thermocompression bonding, and the above measurement was performed.
  • the wavelength shift amount ⁇ (nm) of the reflection spectrum before temporary bonding (heat treatment 1) and after thermocompression bonding (heat treatment 2) was determined using a method similar to that used in durability evaluation 1.
  • the wavelength shift amount ⁇ (nm) of the reflection spectrum before and after heating was evaluated according to the following evaluation criteria. The results are shown in Table 1. (Evaluation Criteria) "A”: ⁇ 5 nm "B”: 5nm ⁇ 10nm "C”: 10 nm ⁇ ⁇
  • the thickness of the selective reflection layer 1 was calculated from a fitting analysis of the reflection spectrum of the liquid crystal layer A, and the thicknesses of the selective reflection layers 2 and 3 were calculated from a fitting analysis of the transmission spectrum of the liquid crystal layer B.
  • the content of chiral compound C1 was 3.1 mass % based on the total solid content of the composition
  • the content of chiral compound C2 was 4.8 mass % based on the total solid content of the composition
  • the weighted average helical twisting power before light irradiation in step 3 was 28.6 ⁇ m -1
  • the weighted average helical twisting power after light irradiation in step 3 was 36.6 ⁇ m -1 .
  • the content of chiral compound C1 was 2.1 mass % based on the total solid content of the composition
  • the content of chiral compound C2 was 4.7 mass % based on the total solid content of the composition
  • the weighted average helical twisting power before light irradiation in step 3 was 33.5 ⁇ m -1
  • the weighted average helical twisting power after light irradiation in step 3 was 42.8 ⁇ m -1 .
  • the content of chiral compound C1 was 1.9 mass % based on the total solid content of the composition
  • the content of chiral compound C2 was 4.8 mass % based on the total solid content of the composition
  • the weighted average helical twisting power before light irradiation in step 3 was 34.2 ⁇ m -1
  • the weighted average helical twisting power after light irradiation in step 3 was 43.6 ⁇ m -1 .
  • the content of chiral compound C1 was 1.6 mass % based on the total solid content of the composition
  • the content of chiral compound C2 was 5.5 mass % based on the total solid content of the composition
  • the weighted average helical twisting power before light irradiation in step 3 was 31.9 ⁇ m -1
  • the weighted average helical twisting power after light irradiation in step 3 was 40.7 ⁇ m -1 .
  • the content of chiral compound C1 was 1.9 mass % based on the total solid content of the composition
  • the content of chiral compound C2 was 4.8 mass % based on the total solid content of the composition
  • the weighted average helical twisting power before light irradiation in step 3 was 34.2 ⁇ m -1
  • the weighted average helical twisting power after light irradiation in step 3 was 43.6 ⁇ m -1 .
  • the column "curing rate of selective reflection layer" in Table 1 indicates the curing rate of the liquid crystal layer B.
  • the curing rate was measured by the ATR method (Attenuated Total Reflection). Specifically, the measurement was performed by the following procedure. The film formed up to the liquid crystal layer B in the preparation of the above-mentioned reflective film T and the reflective film H with a heat seal layer was used as a sample film, and the sample film was placed in an ATR measurement device so that the liquid crystal layer B side was pressed against the prism of the measurement section, and light was made to enter (depth of light penetration into the sample film: about 1 ⁇ m), and the reflected light reflected by the sample film was measured.
  • Windshield glass production 1 Glass plates measuring 260 mm in length, 330 mm in width and 2 mm in thickness were prepared as the first glass plate and the second glass plate, and a PVB film (manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd.) having a thickness of 0.76 mm was prepared as the intermediate film. Next, the reflective film H with a heat seal layer, the first glass plate, the second glass plate, and the intermediate film were laminated by two arrangement methods, namely, arrangement method (1) and arrangement method (2) shown below.
  • the reflective film H with a heat seal layer was arranged so that the heat seal layer side faced the first glass plate
  • the reflective film H with a heat seal layer was arranged so that the heat seal layer side faced the second glass plate.
  • the two types of laminates obtained were held at 140°C and 10 kPa for 2 hours, and then heated in an autoclave (manufactured by Kurihara Seisakusho) at 135°C and 1.3 MPa for 45 minutes to remove air bubbles, thereby obtaining two types of windshield glass.
  • the reflective film H with a heat seal layer, the first glass plate, the second glass plate, the third glass plate, the intermediate film, the fixing PVB, and the third glass plate were laminated based on the arrangement method (3) shown below, except that in the arrangement method (3), the reflective film H with a heat seal layer was arranged so that the heat seal layer side faced the second glass plate.
  • Placement method (3) First glass plate (car exterior side)/interlayer/second glass plate (car interior side)/reflective film H with heat seal layer/fixing PVB/third glass plate
  • the obtained laminate was held at 140°C and 10 kPa for 2 hours, and then heated in an autoclave (manufactured by Kurihara Seisakusho) at 135°C and 1.3 MPa for 45 minutes to remove air bubbles.
  • the fixing PVB and the third glass plate were peeled off from the support (TAC film) surface of the reflective film H with heat seal layer to obtain a windshield glass in which the reflective film H with heat seal layer was attached to the outside of the laminated glass consisting of the first glass plate and the second glass plate.
  • Substrate LC Liquid crystal compound 12 Composition layer 12B Upper region 12A Lower region 22 Transparent support 24 First retardation layer 26 Cholesteric liquid crystal layer 28 Second retardation layer 20 Reflection film 30, 40 Laminated glass 32 First glass plate 34 Interlayer 36 Heat seal layer 38 Second glass plate 110 Head-up display system 112 Projector 114 Windshield glass 120 Image forming section 122 Intermediate image screen 124 Reflection member 126 Concave mirror 130 Dashboard 132 Transmissive window 134 Light source 136 Polarizing plate 138 Optical deflector OB Observer

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PCT/JP2024/026182 2023-07-20 2024-07-22 コレステリック液晶層の製造方法、コレステリック液晶層、反射フィルム、合わせガラス、ヘッドアップディスプレイシステム、組成物 Pending WO2025018426A1 (ja)

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JP2003313187A (ja) 2002-04-18 2003-11-06 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd 光学活性イソソルビド誘導体及びその製造方法、光反応型キラル剤、液晶組成物、液晶カラーフィルター、光学フィルム及び記録媒体、並びに液晶の螺旋構造を変化させる方法、液晶の螺旋構造を固定化する方法
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