WO2024036710A1 - 一种分子筛吸音材料及其制备方法和扬声器 - Google Patents

一种分子筛吸音材料及其制备方法和扬声器 Download PDF

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WO2024036710A1
WO2024036710A1 PCT/CN2022/122004 CN2022122004W WO2024036710A1 WO 2024036710 A1 WO2024036710 A1 WO 2024036710A1 CN 2022122004 W CN2022122004 W CN 2022122004W WO 2024036710 A1 WO2024036710 A1 WO 2024036710A1
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molecular sieve
sound
absorbing material
modified
modified molecular
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PCT/CN2022/122004
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English (en)
French (fr)
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张捷
王和志
汪中洋
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瑞声光电科技(常州)有限公司
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Priority to US18/094,992 priority Critical patent/US20240064458A1/en
Publication of WO2024036710A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024036710A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/10—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
    • B01J20/16—Alumino-silicates
    • B01J20/18—Synthetic zeolitic molecular sieves
    • B01J20/186—Chemical treatments in view of modifying the properties of the sieve, e.g. increasing the stability or the activity, also decreasing the activity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
    • B01J20/28016—Particle form
    • B01J20/28019—Spherical, ellipsoidal or cylindrical
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
    • B01J20/2803—Sorbents comprising a binder, e.g. for forming aggregated, agglomerated or granulated products
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/162—Selection of materials

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of material technology, and in particular to a molecular sieve sound-absorbing material and its preparation method and loudspeaker.
  • molecular sieve As a material with a high specific surface area, molecular sieve can continuously adsorb and desorb the air in the cavity when the cavity vibrates, thereby indirectly increasing the volume of the cavity. Therefore, it is a commonly used sound-absorbing material in the rear cavity of speakers. However, if the speaker works in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment for a long time, the sound quality will decrease or even produce noise. This is because molecular sieves, especially low-silica-aluminum ratio molecular sieves, are prone to irreversible deactivation under high-temperature and high-humidity conditions, causing the F0 value to decrease. becomes higher, resulting in poor sound quality or noise.
  • This application provides a molecular sieve sound-absorbing material, a preparation method thereof, and a speaker to solve the problem that existing sound-absorbing materials for speakers are prone to irreversible deactivation under high temperature and high humidity conditions, causing the F 0 value to become higher, thereby worsening the sound quality. Or causing noise.
  • the application provides a molecular sieve sound-absorbing material.
  • the sound-absorbing material includes a modified molecular sieve and a binder.
  • the mass of the binder accounts for 2%-10% of the mass of the modified molecular sieve.
  • the modified molecular sieve is obtained by modifying the molecular sieve with phosphorus element, the mass ratio of silicon and aluminum in the molecular sieve is (50-800): 1; the molar ratio of phosphorus element and aluminum element in the modified molecular sieve is (0.1 ⁇ 2):1.
  • the phosphorus source used in the phosphorus element modification treatment is one or more of phosphoric acid, ammonium phosphate and ammonium hydrogen phosphate.
  • the binder is one or more of polyacrylate, polystyrene acrylate, polystyrene acetate, polyurethane resin, and polyethyl vinyl acetate salt.
  • the molecular sieve has one or more structural types such as MFI, FER, MEL, etc.
  • the application also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned sound-absorbing material, which includes the following steps:
  • Step S1 Mix molecular sieve and water evenly to obtain molecular sieve slurry
  • Step S2 Add the phosphorus source to the molecular sieve slurry obtained in step S1, and use ultrasonic microwave impregnation method for ultrasonic impregnation; filter the impregnated solution, take the filter cake, dry it, and grind it to obtain intermediate molecular sieve powder;
  • Step S3 Calculate the intermediate molecular sieve powder obtained in step S2 to obtain a modified molecular sieve
  • Step S4 Mix the modified molecular sieve obtained in step S3 with water evenly and then add a binder to obtain a suspension;
  • Step S5 The suspension is subjected to a molding process, and after drying, the molecular sieve sound-absorbing material is obtained.
  • step S1 the weight-to-volume ratio of the molecular sieve to the water is (10-30): (150-250).
  • the ultrasonic equipment selected for the ultrasonic microwave impregnation method is probe-type ultrasound; the microwave heating temperature of the ultrasonic microwave impregnation method is 60°C-90°C; the ultrasonic The ultrasonic impregnation time of microwave impregnation method is 0.5h-2h.
  • step S4 the weight ratio of the modified molecular sieve, the water, and the binder is 1: (0.6-1.5): (0.02-0.10).
  • the drying method includes one or more of freeze drying, vacuum drying, and normal pressure drying.
  • the present application also provides a speaker, including a housing with a receiving space, a sound-emitting unit placed in the housing, and a rear panel surrounded by the sound-emitting unit and the housing. cavity; the back cavity is filled with the above-mentioned sound-absorbing material.
  • a molecular sieve sound-absorbing material of the present application includes a modified molecular sieve.
  • the modified molecular sieve is obtained by modifying the molecular sieve with phosphorus element.
  • the phosphorus element enters the framework of the molecular sieve and bonds with silicon and aluminum in the framework to synthesize P-O-Si and P-O-Al. structure, which has the effect of enhancing the stability of the molecular sieve skeleton, so that the modified molecular sieve has a more stable skeleton structure and better resistance to water vapor hydrolysis at high temperatures. Applying such a modified molecular sieve to sound-absorbing materials can It is guaranteed that the sound-absorbing material can maintain good sound-absorbing performance even under high temperature and high humidity conditions.
  • the modified molecular sieve skeleton can be more stable and have better resistance to water vapor hydrolysis at high temperatures. It can more effectively ensure the sound-absorbing performance of sound-absorbing materials. Too little phosphorus in the modified molecular sieve cannot form enough coordination bonds to effectively protect the molecular sieve skeleton. When the phosphorus content in the skeleton is high, phosphorus species will block some of the pores of the molecular sieve, affecting the molecular sieve's ability to adsorb gas. This application also limits the mass ratio of silicon to aluminum in the molecular sieve.
  • the sound-absorbing material of this application also includes a binder.
  • the purpose of adding a binder to the sound-absorbing material is to increase the viscosity of the molecular sieve slurry so as to better form spherical particles.
  • This application limits the mass of the binder to the mass of the modified molecular sieve. 2%-10% can ensure the viscosity of the molecular sieve slurry to better form spherical particles.
  • the sound-absorbing material of this application can be used for a long time under the conditions of temperature 50°C-150°C and humidity 60-100% rh, and its performance is significantly better than that of unmodified molecular sieve sound-absorbing materials.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the speaker provided by this application.
  • Figure 2 is a comparison chart of the high temperature and high humidity test results of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 of the present application, which were continuously monitored for 5 days.
  • this application provides a molecular sieve sound-absorbing material.
  • the sound-absorbing material includes a modified molecular sieve and a binder.
  • the mass of the binder accounts for 2%-10% of the mass of the modified molecular sieve.
  • the modified molecular sieve is The molecular sieve is obtained by modifying the molecular sieve with phosphorus element.
  • the mass ratio of silicon and aluminum in the molecular sieve is (50-800):1; the molar ratio of phosphorus element and aluminum element in the modified molecular sieve is (0.1 ⁇ 2 ):1.
  • the mass percentage of the binder to the mass of the modified molecular sieve can be 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9% or 10%, etc., of course. It can be other values within the above range and is not limited here.
  • the binder may be selected from one or more of polyacrylate, polystyrene acrylate, polystyrene acetate, polyurethane resin, and polyethyl vinyl acetate salt.
  • the solid content of the binder can be 35%-60%, specifically 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55% or 60%, etc. Of course, it can also be other values within the above range, which are not mentioned here. Make limitations.
  • the mass ratio of silicon to aluminum in the molecular sieve can be 50:1, 100:1, 200:1, 300:1, 400:1, 500:1, 600:1, 700:1 or 800:1, etc., Of course, it can also be other values within the above range, which is not limited here.
  • the molar ratio of phosphorus element to aluminum element in the modified molecular sieve is 0.1:1, 0.25:1, 0.5:1, 0.75:1, 1:1, 1.25:1, 1.5:1, 1.75:1 or 2 :1, etc., of course, it can also be other values within the above range, and is not limited here.
  • the molar ratio of phosphorus element to aluminum element in the modified molecular sieve is (0.5 ⁇ 1.5):1.
  • the sound-absorbing materials include modified molecular sieves.
  • the modified molecular sieves are obtained by modifying the molecular sieves with phosphorus element.
  • the phosphorus element enters the framework of the molecular sieve and bonds with silicon and aluminum in the framework to synthesize P-O-Si and P-O-Al. structure, which has the effect of enhancing the stability of the molecular sieve skeleton, so that the modified molecular sieve has a more stable skeleton structure and better resistance to water vapor hydrolysis at high temperatures. Applying such a modified molecular sieve to sound-absorbing materials can It is guaranteed that the sound-absorbing material can maintain good sound-absorbing performance even under high temperature and high humidity conditions.
  • the modified molecular sieve skeleton can be more stable and have better resistance to water vapor hydrolysis at high temperatures. It can more effectively ensure the sound-absorbing performance of sound-absorbing materials. Too little phosphorus in the modified molecular sieve cannot form enough coordination bonds to effectively protect the molecular sieve skeleton. When the phosphorus content in the skeleton is high, phosphorus species will block some of the pores of the molecular sieve, affecting the molecular sieve's ability to adsorb gas. This application also limits the mass ratio of silicon to aluminum in the molecular sieve.
  • the sound-absorbing material of this application also includes a binder.
  • the purpose of adding a binder to the sound-absorbing material is to increase the viscosity of the molecular sieve slurry so as to better form spherical particles.
  • This application limits the mass of the binder to the mass of the modified molecular sieve. 2%-10% can ensure the viscosity of the molecular sieve slurry to better form spherical particles.
  • the sound-absorbing material of this application can be used for a long time under the conditions of temperature 50°C-150°C and humidity 60-100% rh, and its performance is significantly better than that of unmodified molecular sieve sound-absorbing materials.
  • the phosphorus source used in the phosphorus element modification treatment can be one or more of phosphoric acid, ammonium phosphate and ammonium hydrogen phosphate, and of course is not limited to these phosphorus sources.
  • the binder is one or more of polyacrylate, polystyrene acrylate, polystyrene acetate, polyurethane resin, and polyethyl vinyl acetate salt.
  • the molecular sieve has one or more structural types such as MFI, FER, and MEL.
  • this application also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned sound-absorbing material.
  • the preparation method includes the following steps:
  • Step S1 Mix molecular sieve and water evenly to obtain molecular sieve slurry
  • Step S2 Add the phosphorus source to the molecular sieve slurry obtained in step S1, and use ultrasonic microwave impregnation method for ultrasonic impregnation; filter the impregnated solution, take the filter cake, dry it, and grind it to obtain intermediate molecular sieve powder;
  • Step S3 Calculate the intermediate molecular sieve powder obtained in step S2 to obtain a modified molecular sieve
  • Step S4 Mix the modified molecular sieve obtained in step S3 with water evenly and then add a binder to obtain a suspension;
  • Step S5 The suspension is subjected to a molding process, and after drying, the molecular sieve sound-absorbing material is obtained.
  • step S2 the impregnated solution is filtered, and the filter cake is dried.
  • the specific steps may be: suction filtration of the impregnated solution, and the filtered solids are washed and filtered repeatedly with deionized water and then dried in an oven at 120°C. Dry.
  • corresponding molding processing methods can be reasonably selected according to specific use requirements to process the suspension to obtain the final form of the sound-absorbing material.
  • the molding method includes but is not limited to: granulating through spraying or other methods and then drying to obtain granular sound-absorbing materials that are resistant to high temperatures and humidity; molding through a specific mold and then drying to obtain block-shaped sound-absorbing materials that are resistant to high temperatures and humidity;
  • the suspension is loaded on porous materials, such as organic foam, activated carbon foam and other materials, and after drying, a foam-like sound-absorbing material that is resistant to high temperatures and humidity is obtained; through coating or printing, sheet-like or film-like sound-absorbing materials are obtained.
  • the molecular sieve phosphorus impregnation modification method is the ultrasonic microwave impregnation method.
  • Ultrasonic impregnation has a better dispersion effect than conventional impregnation due to the cavitation effect of ultrasonic waves.
  • Phosphorus is more evenly dispersed in the molecular sieve skeleton, while microwave heating causes The dielectric heating effect and deep penetration characteristics have better heat conduction efficiency and heating uniformity than conventional water bath heating.
  • step S1 the weight-to-volume ratio of the molecular sieve to the water is (10-30): (150-250). It should be noted that the weight-to-volume ratio refers to when the molecular sieve is When measured in grams, water is measured in milliliters.
  • the weight to volume ratio of the molecular sieve to the water may be 10:150, 10:200, 10:250, 20:150, 20:200, 20:250, 30:150, 30:200 or 30 :250, etc.
  • it can also be other values within the above range, which is not limited here. It can be understood that by limiting the weight-to-volume ratio of molecular sieve to water, a molecular sieve slurry of appropriate concentration can be obtained for subsequent phosphorus modification treatment steps.
  • the ultrasonic equipment selected for the ultrasonic microwave impregnation method is probe-type ultrasonic.
  • the microwave heating temperature of the ultrasonic microwave impregnation method is 60°C-90°C.
  • the ultrasonic impregnation time of the ultrasonic microwave impregnation method is 0.5h-2h.
  • the microwave heating temperature of the ultrasonic microwave impregnation method can be 60°C, 65°C, 70°C, 75°C, 80°C, 85°C or 90°C, etc., and of course it can also be other values within the above range. This is not limited.
  • the ultrasonic impregnation time of the ultrasonic microwave impregnation method can be 0.5h, 0.8h, 1h, 1.2h, 1.5h, 1.8h or 2h, etc., and of course it can also be other values within the above range, which are not included here. Make limitations.
  • phosphorus can be more uniformly dispersed in the molecular sieve skeleton and the dispersion efficiency can be improved.
  • step S3 the roasting temperature is 400°C-600°C.
  • the roasting temperature may be 400°C, 420°C, 450°C, 480°C, 500°C, 550°C, 580°C or 600°C, etc., and of course it can also be other values within the above range, which are not included here. Make limitations.
  • step S3 the roasting time is 0.5h-1.5h.
  • the roasting time can be 0.5h, 0.6h, 0.7h, 0.8h, 0.9h, 1.0h, 1.1h, 1.2h, 1.3h, 1.4h or 1.5h, etc., and of course it can also be the above Other values within the range are not limited here.
  • shaping the suspension specifically includes the following steps: dispersing the suspension into uniformly sized droplets through a granulation device, and then sending the droplets into a cooling tower. Freeze into solid particles a. Microspherical sound-absorbing materials can be obtained after this molding process.
  • molding the suspension specifically includes the following steps: first filtering the suspension to remove undispersed large particles, and then dispersing the suspension into particles through a granulation device. uniformly sized droplets, and then send the droplets into a cooling tower to freeze into solid particles a. Microspherical sound-absorbing materials can be obtained after this molding process.
  • step S5 molding the suspension specifically includes the following steps: first filter the suspension with a filter to remove undispersed large particles, and then put it into a mold for molding. After this molding process, block-shaped sound-absorbing materials can be obtained.
  • step S5 the forming process of the suspension specifically includes the following steps: first filtering the suspension with a filter to remove undispersed large particles and then soaking the porous material.
  • the porous material can be Organic instant noodles, carbon fiber instant noodles, etc. Foam sound-absorbing materials can be obtained after this molding process.
  • step S4 the weight ratio of the modified molecular sieve, the water, and the binder is 1: (0.6-1.5): (0.02-0.10).
  • the drying method includes one or more of freeze drying, vacuum drying, and normal pressure drying.
  • the specific drying steps are: put the frozen solid particles a into a freeze drying box and dry for 12 hours, and wait until all the ice in the particles sublimates to obtain the solid particles b; put the above solid particles b into Dry in an oven at 100°C-150°C for 2 hours.
  • the specific steps of drying are: placing the frozen solid particles a in a vacuum drying oven at -40°C for 12 hours, and drying the dried particles in an oven at 110°C for 2 hours.
  • the present application also provides a speaker.
  • the speaker 10 includes a housing 1 with a receiving space, a sound-emitting unit 2 placed in the housing 1, and the sound-emitting unit 2 is The back cavity 3 is surrounded by the housing 1; the back cavity 3 is filled with the sound-absorbing material mentioned above in this application.
  • Such speakers can be applied to electronic devices such as smart watches, mobile phones, tablets, headphones, smart speakers, and laptops.
  • Step S1 Weigh 20g of ZSM-5 (MFI) zeolite, add it to 200ml of deionized water, and stir evenly to obtain a molecular sieve slurry;
  • Step S2 Weigh (NH 4 ) 2 HPO 4 with a mass ratio of 1:1 to Al in ZSM-5 (MFI) zeolite, add it to the above molecular sieve slurry, and ultrasonically impregnate it under microwave heating at 80°C for 1 hour.
  • MFI ZSM-5
  • the impregnated solution was filtered, the filter cake was washed repeatedly with deionized water, and then dried in an oven at 120°C.
  • Step S3 Roast the solid obtained in Step S2 in a muffle furnace at 500°C for 1 hour, then take it out and grind it into powder to obtain the modified molecular sieve.
  • Step S4 Weigh 20g of the above modified molecular sieve, 20g of deionized water, and 2g of acrylic adhesive, mix them evenly, and stir for 2 hours at room temperature to obtain a suspension.
  • Step S5 Disperse the suspension obtained in Step S4 into small droplets of uniform size through a granulation device. The droplets enter the cooling tower and are frozen into solid particles.
  • the resulting solid particles are molecular sieve sound-absorbing microsphere materials that are resistant to high temperatures and humidity.
  • the resonant frequency of a loudspeaker is determined by measuring the frequency-dependent resistance and its phase, as well as its corresponding zero-crossing point. Connect a speaker with a 0.5ml rear cavity and a 11mm*15mm*3mm sound unit to the impedance analyzer, screen microspheres with a diameter of 300 ⁇ 350 ⁇ m to fill the rear cavity of the speaker, and calculate the bias of F 0 compared with the empty cavity. Shift value, that is, F 0 .
  • Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 described in this application were placed in a high temperature and high humidity chamber of 85°C/85% rh. They were taken out every 24 hours and placed at room temperature for 1 hour before measuring F 0 and continuously monitoring 5 The high temperature and high humidity test results are shown in Figure 2.

Abstract

一种分子筛吸音材料及其制备方法和扬声器，吸音材料包括改性分子筛和粘结剂，粘结剂的质量占改性分子筛质量的2％-10％，改性分子筛是对分子筛进行磷元素改性处理得到，分子筛中硅铝的质量比为(50-800)：1；改性分子筛中磷元素与铝元素的摩尔比为(0.1～2)：1。所述吸音材料包括磷改性分子筛，磷元素进入分子筛的骨架中具有增强分子筛骨架稳定性的作用，使得到的改性分子筛具有更稳定的骨架结构，在高温下具有更好的抗水蒸气水解能力，将这样的改性分子筛应用于吸音材料中，能保证该吸音材料在高温高湿条件下也能保持良好的吸音性能。

Description

一种分子筛吸音材料及其制备方法和扬声器 技术领域
本申请涉及材料技术领域，尤其涉及一种分子筛吸音材料及其制备方法和扬声器。
 背景技术
随着智能手机、蓝牙耳机等便携式电子设备的不断发展，人们对音频质量的要求也越来越高，为提升音频质量，提高扬声器的发声效果，目前采用的普遍做法之一是在扬声器后腔中装入吸音材料以增大虚拟后腔的体积，从而提高音频质量。
分子筛作为一种高比表面积材料，其在空腔振动时可以不断的吸附和脱附腔体内的空气，从而间接的达到增大腔体体积的效果，因此是扬声器后腔中常用的吸音材料。但扬声器长期在高温高湿的环境下工作，会发生音质下降甚至产生杂音的情况，这是因为分子筛尤其是低硅铝比分子筛容易在高温高湿的条件下发生不可逆的失活，使F0值变高，进而使音质变差或产生杂音。
因此有必要开发出一种在高温高湿环境下具有优异可靠性的分子筛吸音材料。
 技术问题
本申请提供了一种分子筛吸音材料及其制备方法和扬声器，以解决现有扬声器用吸音材料容易在高温高湿的条件下发生不可逆的失活，使F 0值变高，进而使音质变差或产生杂音的问题。
技术解决方案
根据本申请的第一方面，本申请提供一种分子筛吸音材料，所述吸音材料包括改性分子筛和粘结剂，所述粘结剂的质量占所述改性分子筛质量的2%-10%，所述改性分子筛是对分子筛进行磷元素改性处理得到，所述分子筛中硅铝的质量比为（50-800）：1；所述改性分子筛中磷元素与铝元素的摩尔比为（0.1~2）：1。
结合第一方面，在一种可行的实施方式中，所述磷元素改性处理中采用的磷源为磷酸、磷酸铵和磷酸氢氨中的一种或多种。
在一种可行的实施方式中，所述粘结剂为聚丙烯酸酯、聚苯乙烯丙烯酸酯、聚苯乙烯醋酸酯、聚氨酯树脂、聚乙基乙烯醋酸酯盐中的一种或多种。
在一种可行的实施方式中，所述分子筛具有MFI、FER、MEL等结构类型中的一种或多种。
根据本申请的第二方面，本申请还提供上述的吸音材料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤S1：将分子筛与水混合均匀得到分子筛浆液；
步骤S2：将磷源加入到步骤S1得到的所述分子筛浆液中，采用超声微波浸渍法超声浸渍；将浸渍后的溶液过滤，取滤饼烘干，研磨后得到中间体分子筛粉末；
步骤S3：将步骤S2得到的所述中间体分子筛粉末焙烧，得到改性分子筛；
步骤S4：将步骤S3得到的所述改性分子筛与水混合均匀后加入粘结剂，得到悬浮液；
步骤S5：将所述悬浮液进行成型处理，干燥后即得到所述分子筛吸音材料。
结合第二方面，在一种可行的实施方式中，所述步骤S1中，所述分子筛与所述水的重量体积比为（10-30）：（150-250）。
在一种可行的实施方式中，所述步骤S2中，所述超声微波浸渍法选用的超声设备为探头式超声；所述超声微波浸渍法的微波加热温度为60℃-90℃；所述超声微波浸渍法的超声浸渍时间为0.5h-2h。
在一种可行的实施方式中，所述步骤S4中，所述改性分子筛、所述水、所述粘结剂的重量比为1：（0.6-1.5）：（0.02-0.10）。
在一种可行的实施方式中，所述步骤S5中，所述干燥的方式包括冷冻干燥、真空干燥、常压干燥中的一种或多种。
根据本申请的第三方面，本申请还提供一种扬声器，包括具有收容空间的壳体、置于所述壳体内的发声单体、由所述发声单体与所述壳体围成的后腔；所述后腔中填充有上述的吸音材料。
 有益效果
本申请一种分子筛吸音材料包括改性分子筛，改性分子筛是对分子筛进行磷元素改性处理得到，磷元素进入分子筛的骨架中，与骨架中的硅和铝键合成P-O-Si和P-O-Al结构，具有增强分子筛骨架稳定性的作用，使得到的改性分子筛具有更稳定的骨架结构，在高温下具有更好的抗水蒸气水解能力，将这样的改性分子筛应用于吸音材料中，能保证该吸音材料在高温高湿条件下也能保持良好的吸音性能。通过限定改性分子筛中磷元素与铝元素的摩尔比为（0.1~2）：1，能使得到的改性分子筛骨架稳定性更好，在高温下具有更好的抗水蒸气水解能力，进而能更有效地保证吸音材料的吸音性能。改性分子筛中磷太少不能形成足够的配位键，无法对分子筛骨架进行有效的保护，而骨架中磷含量较高时，磷物种会堵塞部分分子筛的孔道，影响分子筛对气体的吸附能力。本申请还限定了分子筛中硅铝的质量比，合理的硅铝质量比能够保证分子筛骨架结构的稳定性，进而保证改性分子筛骨架结构的稳定性。本申请的吸音材料还包括粘结剂，在吸音材料中添加粘结剂的目的是增加分子筛浆液的粘度，以便更好地形成球形颗粒，本申请限定粘结剂的质量占改性分子筛质量的2%-10%，能够保证分子筛浆液的粘度，以便更好地形成球形颗粒。本申请的吸音材料在温度50℃-150℃、湿度60-100%rh条件下能长期使用，性能明显优于未进行改性的分子筛吸音材料。
应当理解的是，以上的一般描述和后文的细节描述仅是示例性的，并不能限制本申请。
 附图说明
图1为本申请所提供的扬声器的内部结构示意图；
图2为本申请实施例1和对比例1持续监测5天的高温高湿测试结果对比图。
附图标记：
1-壳体；
2-发声单体；
3-后腔；
10-扬声器。
此处的附图被并入说明书中并构成本说明书的一部分，示出了符合本申请的实施例，并与说明书一起用于解释本申请的原理。
 本发明的最佳实施方式
为了更好的理解本申请的技术方案，下面结合附图对本申请实施例进行详细描述。
应当明确，所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
在本申请实施例中使用的术语是仅仅出于描述特定实施例的目的，而非旨在限制本申请。在本申请实施例和所附权利要求书中所使用的单数形式的“一种”、“所述”和“该”也旨在包括多数形式，除非上下文清楚地表示其他含义。
应当理解，本文中使用的术语“和/或”仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本文中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
需要注意的是，本申请实施例所描述的“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”等方位词是以附图所示的角度来进行描述的，不应理解为对本申请实施例的限定。此外，在上下文中，还需要理解的是，当提到一个元件连接在另一个元件“上”或者“下”时，其不仅能够直接连接在另一个元件“上”或者“下”，也可以通过中间元件间接连接在另一个元件“上”或者“下”。
第一方面，本申请提供一种分子筛吸音材料，所述吸音材料包括改性分子筛和粘结剂，所述粘结剂的质量占所述改性分子筛质量的2%-10%，所述改性分子筛是对分子筛进行磷元素改性处理得到，所述分子筛中硅铝的质量比为（50-800）:1；所述改性分子筛中磷元素与铝元素的摩尔比为（0.1~2）：1。
可选地，粘结剂的质量占改性分子筛质量的百分含量可以为2%、3%、4%、5%、6%、7%、8%、9%或10%等，当然也可以是上述范围内的其他值，在此不做限定。粘结剂可以选自聚丙烯酸酯、聚苯乙烯丙烯酸酯、聚苯乙烯醋酸酯、聚氨酯树脂、聚乙基乙烯醋酸酯盐中的一种或多种。粘结剂的固含量可以为35%-60%，具体可以为35%、40%、45%、50%、55%或60%等，当然也可以是上述范围内的其他值，在此不做限定。
可选地，分子筛中硅铝的质量比可以为50：1、100:1、200:1、300:1、400:1、500:1、600:1、700:1或800：1等，当然也可以是上述范围内的其他值，在此不做限定。
可选地，改性分子筛中磷元素与铝元素的摩尔比为0.1：1、0.25：1、0.5:1、0.75:1、1:1、1.25:1、1.5:1、1.75:1或2:1等，当然也可以是上述范围内的其他值，在此不做限定。优选地，所述改性分子筛中磷元素与铝元素的摩尔比为（0.5~1.5）：1。
在上述方案中，吸音材料包括改性分子筛，改性分子筛是对分子筛进行磷元素改性处理得到，磷元素进入分子筛的骨架中，与骨架中的硅和铝键合成P-O-Si和P-O-Al结构，具有增强分子筛骨架稳定性的作用，使得到的改性分子筛具有更稳定的骨架结构，在高温下具有更好的抗水蒸气水解能力，将这样的改性分子筛应用于吸音材料中，能保证该吸音材料在高温高湿条件下也能保持良好的吸音性能。通过限定改性分子筛中磷元素与铝元素的摩尔比为（0.1~2）：1，能使得到的改性分子筛骨架稳定性更好，在高温下具有更好的抗水蒸气水解能力，进而能更有效地保证吸音材料的吸音性能。改性分子筛中磷太少不能形成足够的配位键，无法对分子筛骨架进行有效的保护，而骨架中磷含量较高时，磷物种会堵塞部分分子筛的孔道，影响分子筛对气体的吸附能力。本申请还限定了分子筛中硅铝的质量比，合理的硅铝质量比能够保证分子筛骨架结构的稳定性，进而保证改性分子筛骨架结构的稳定性。本申请的吸音材料还包括粘结剂，在吸音材料中添加粘结剂的目的是增加分子筛浆液的粘度，以便更好地形成球形颗粒，本申请限定粘结剂的质量占改性分子筛质量的2%-10%，能够保证分子筛浆液的粘度，以便更好地形成球形颗粒。本申请的吸音材料在温度50℃-150℃、湿度60-100%rh条件下能长期使用，性能明显优于未进行改性的分子筛吸音材料。
作为本申请可选的技术方案，所述磷元素改性处理中采用的磷源可以为磷酸、磷酸铵和磷酸氢氨中的一种或多种，当然也不仅限于这些磷源。
作为本申请可选的技术方案，所述粘结剂为聚丙烯酸酯、聚苯乙烯丙烯酸酯、聚苯乙烯醋酸酯、聚氨酯树脂、聚乙基乙烯醋酸酯盐中的一种或多种。
作为本申请可选的技术方案，所述分子筛具有MFI、FER、MEL等结构类型中的一种或多种。
可以理解地，通过对磷源种类、粘结剂种类和分子筛结构的具体限定，能够使得制备吸音材料的原料之间达到更好的协同效果，使吸音材料在高温高湿条件下也能保持更好的吸音性能。
第二方面，本申请还提供一种上述吸音材料的制备方法，所述制备方法包括如下步骤：
步骤S1：将分子筛与水混合均匀得到分子筛浆液；
步骤S2：将磷源加入到步骤S1得到的所述分子筛浆液中，采用超声微波浸渍法超声浸渍；将浸渍后的溶液过滤，取滤饼烘干，研磨后得到中间体分子筛粉末；
步骤S3：将步骤S2得到的所述中间体分子筛粉末焙烧，得到改性分子筛；
步骤S4：将步骤S3得到的所述改性分子筛与水混合均匀后加入粘结剂，得到悬浮液；
步骤S5：将所述悬浮液进行成型处理，干燥后即得到所述分子筛吸音材料。
可选地，步骤S2中，将浸渍后的溶液过滤，取滤饼烘干具体步骤可以为：将浸渍后的溶液抽滤，滤出固体用去离子水反复清洗过滤后在120℃烘箱中烘干。
可选地，可根据具体使用需求合理选择相应的成型处理手段对所述悬浮液进行处理，得到最终形态的吸音材料。所述成型方法包括但不仅限于：通过喷雾或其他方式造粒后干燥，得到耐高温高湿的颗粒状吸音材料；通过特定模具成型后干燥，得到耐高温高湿的块状吸音材料；通过将悬浮液负载在多孔材料，如有机泡棉、活性炭泡棉等材料上，干燥后得到耐高温高湿的泡棉类吸音材料；通过涂布或印刷的方式，得到片状或膜状吸音材料。
在上述方案中，分子筛磷浸渍改性方法为超声微波浸渍法，其中超声浸渍由于超声波的空化作用，对比常规浸渍具有更好的分散效果，磷在分子筛骨架中分散更均匀，而微波加热所具有的介电体发热效应和深度渗透的特性比常规水浴加热具有更佳的热传导效率和受热均匀性。
作为本申请可选的技术方案，步骤S1中，所述分子筛与所述水的重量体积比为（10-30）：（150-250），需要说明的是，重量体积比是指当分子筛以克为单位时，水是以毫升为单位。
可选地，所述分子筛与所述水的重量体积比可以为10:150、10:200、10:250、20:150、20:200、20:250、30:150、30:200或30:250等，当然也可以是上述范围内的其他值，在此不做限定。可以理解地，通过限定分子筛与水的重量体积比，能得到合适浓度的分子筛浆料，以便后续磷改性处理步骤。
作为本申请可选的技术方案，步骤S2中，所述超声微波浸渍法选用的超声设备为探头式超声。所述超声微波浸渍法的微波加热温度为60℃-90℃。所述超声微波浸渍法的超声浸渍时间为0.5h-2h。
可选地，所述超声微波浸渍法的微波加热温度可以为60℃、65℃、70℃、75℃、80℃、85℃或90℃等，当然也可以是上述范围内的其他值，在此不做限定。
可选地，所述超声微波浸渍法的超声浸渍时间可以为0.5h、0.8h、1h、1.2h、1.5h、1.8h或2h等，当然也可以是上述范围内的其他值，在此不做限定。
可以理解地，通过对超声微波浸渍法中选用的超声设备、微波加热温度和超声浸渍时间的限定，能够使得磷更均匀地分散在分子筛骨架中，提高分散效率。
作为本申请可选的技术方案，步骤S3中，所述焙烧的温度为400℃-600℃。
可选地，所述焙烧的温度可以为400℃、420℃、450℃、480℃、500℃、550℃、580℃或600℃等，当然也可以是上述范围内的其他值，在此不做限定。
作为本申请可选的技术方案，步骤S3中，所述焙烧的时间为0.5h-1.5h。
可选地，所述焙烧的时间可以为0.5h、0.6h、0.7h、0.8h、0.9h、1.0h、1.1h、1.2h、1.3h、1.4h或1.5h等，当然也可以是上述范围内的其他值，在此不做限定。
可以理解地，通过对焙烧温度和时间的限定，能够得到结构稳定的改性分子筛。
在一些具体实施例方式中，步骤S5中，将所述悬浮液进行成型处理具体包括如下步骤：将所述悬浮液通过造粒装置分散成大小均匀的液滴，再将液滴送入冷却塔中冷冻成固态颗粒a。采用该种成型处理后可得到微球状的吸音材料。
在一些具体实施例方式中，步骤S5中，将所述悬浮液进行成型处理具体包括如下步骤：先将所述悬浮液用滤网滤掉未分散的大颗粒后，再通过造粒装置分散成大小均匀的液滴，然后将液滴送入冷却塔中冷冻成固态颗粒a。采用该种成型处理后可得到微球状的吸音材料。
在一些具体实施例方式中，步骤S5中，将所述悬浮液进行成型处理具体包括如下步骤：先将所述悬浮液用滤网滤掉未分散的大颗粒后，放入成型模具中成型。采用该种成型处理后可得到块状的吸音材料。
在一些具体实施例方式中，步骤S5中，将所述悬浮液进行成型处理具体包括如下步骤：先将所述悬浮液用滤网滤掉未分散的大颗粒后浸泡多孔材料，多孔材料可以为有机泡面、炭纤维泡面等。采用该种成型处理后可得到泡棉类吸音材料。
作为本申请可选的技术方案，步骤S4中，所述改性分子筛、所述水、所述粘结剂的重量比为1：（0.6-1.5）：（0.02-0.10）。
作为本申请可选的技术方案，步骤S5中，所述干燥的方式包括冷冻干燥、真空干燥、常压干燥中的一种或多种。
在一些具体实施例方式中，所述干燥具体步骤为：将冷冻成的固态颗粒a放入冷冻干燥箱中干燥12h，待颗粒中的冰全部升华后得到固体颗粒b；将上述固体颗粒b放入100℃-150℃烘箱中烘干2h。
在一些具体实施例方式中，所述干燥具体步骤为：将冷冻成的固态颗粒a放入-40℃的真空干燥箱中干燥12h，干燥后的颗粒放入110℃烘箱中烘干2h。
第三方面，本申请还提供一种扬声器，如图1所示，扬声器10包括具有收容空间的壳体1、置于所述壳体1内的发声单体2、由所述发声单体2与所述壳体1围成的后腔3；所述后腔3中填充有本申请上述的吸音材料。
可以理解地，将本申请上述的吸音材料填充在扬声器谐振腔内，能适应高温高湿的使用环境。这样的扬声器可以应用到智能手表、手机、平板电脑、耳机、智能音响和笔记本电脑等电子设备中。
下面分多个实施例对本申请实施例进行进一次的说明。其中，本申请实施例不限定于以下的具体实施例。在保护范围内，可以适当的进行变更实施。
实施例 1
一种分子筛吸音材料制备方法，按如下步骤进行：
步骤S1：称取ZSM-5(MFI)沸石20g，加入到200ml去离子水中，搅拌均匀得到分子筛浆液；
步骤S2：称取与ZSM-5(MFI)沸石中Al摩尔比为1：1质量的(NH 4) 2HPO 4，加入到上述分子筛浆液中，在微波加热80℃条件下超声浸渍1h。
将浸渍后的溶液过滤，取滤饼用去离子水反复冲洗，而后在120℃的烘箱中烘干。
步骤S3：将步骤S2所得固体在500℃马弗炉中焙烧1h后取出，研磨成粉末，即得到改性分子筛。
步骤S4：称取上述改性分子筛20g，去离子水20g，丙烯酸胶黏剂2g混合均匀，常温下搅拌2h得到悬浮液。
步骤S5：将步骤S4所得悬浮液通过造粒装置分散成均匀大小的小液滴，液滴进入冷却塔后冷冻成固态颗粒。
将上述固态颗粒放入-40℃的真空干燥箱中干燥12h，干燥后的颗粒放入110℃烘箱中烘干2h，所得固体颗粒即为耐高温高湿的分子筛吸音微球材料。
对比例 1
本对比例与实施例1不同的是省略步骤S1-S3，直接用未改性的ZSM-5(MFI)分子筛原粉进行吸音微球的制备。
实验例
1、声学测量
扬声器的谐振频率通过测量频率依赖性电阻及其相位，以及其相应的过零点来确定。将一个拥有0.5ml后腔及11mm*15mm*3mm发声单体的扬声器连接到阻抗分析仪，筛选直径300~350μm的微球填满扬声器的后腔，对比空的腔体计算出F 0的偏移值，即F 0。
2、高温高湿测试
本申请所述实施例1和对比例1测试完初始性能后均放置于85℃/85%rh 的高温高湿箱中，每隔24h取出在室温条件下放置1h后测量F 0，持续监测5天的高温高湿测试结果如图2所示。
从图2可以看出，进行磷元素改性后的分子筛吸音微球在高温高湿环境下放置超过1天之后性能不再有明显降低，而未进行磷元素改性的分子筛吸音微球在高温高湿环境下放置超过1天后性能损失是前者的一倍。结果表明进行磷改性的分子筛吸音材料具有更优异的耐高温高湿性能。
以上所述仅为本申请的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种分子筛吸音材料，其特征在于，所述吸音材料包括改性分子筛和粘结剂，所述粘结剂的质量占所述改性分子筛质量的2%-10%，所述改性分子筛是对分子筛进行磷元素改性处理得到，所述分子筛中硅铝的质量比为（50-800）：1；所述改性分子筛中磷元素与铝元素的摩尔比为（0.1~2）：1。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的分子筛吸音材料，其特征在于，所述磷元素改性处理中采用的磷源为磷酸、磷酸铵和磷酸氢氨中的一种或多种。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的分子筛吸音材料，其特征在于，所述粘结剂为聚丙烯酸酯、聚苯乙烯丙烯酸酯、聚苯乙烯醋酸酯、聚氨酯树脂、聚乙基乙烯醋酸酯盐中的一种或多种。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的分子筛吸音材料，其特征在于，所述分子筛具有MFI、FER、MEL等结构类型中的一种或多种。
  5. 如权利要求1-4任一项所述的分子筛吸音材料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
    步骤S1：将分子筛与水混合均匀得到分子筛浆液；
    步骤S2：将磷源加入到步骤S1得到的所述分子筛浆液中，采用超声微波浸渍法超声浸渍；将浸渍后的溶液过滤，取滤饼烘干，研磨后得到中间体分子筛粉末；
    步骤S3：将步骤S2得到的所述中间体分子筛粉末焙烧，得到改性分子筛；
    步骤S4：将步骤S3得到的所述改性分子筛与水混合均匀后加入粘结剂，得到悬浮液；
    步骤S5：将所述悬浮液进行成型处理，干燥后即得到所述分子筛吸音材料。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的吸音材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S1中，所述分子筛与所述水的重量体积比为（10-30）：（150-250）。
  7. 如权利要求5所述的吸音材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S2中，所述超声微波浸渍法选用的超声设备为探头式超声；所述超声微波浸渍法的微波加热温度为60℃-90℃；所述超声微波浸渍法的超声浸渍时间为0.5h-2h。
  8. 如权利要求5所述的吸音材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S4中，所述改性分子筛、所述水、所述粘结剂的重量比为1：（0.6-1.5）：（0.02-0.10）。
  9. 如权利要求5所述的吸音材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S5中，所述干燥的方式包括冷冻干燥、真空干燥、常压干燥中的一种或多种。
  10. 一种扬声器，其特征在于，包括具有收容空间的壳体、置于所述壳体内的发声单体、由所述发声单体与所述壳体围成的后腔；所述后腔中填充有权利要求1-4任一项所述的吸音材料。
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