WO2024007411A1 - 端盖组件、电池单体、电池以及用电装置 - Google Patents

端盖组件、电池单体、电池以及用电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024007411A1
WO2024007411A1 PCT/CN2022/110605 CN2022110605W WO2024007411A1 WO 2024007411 A1 WO2024007411 A1 WO 2024007411A1 CN 2022110605 W CN2022110605 W CN 2022110605W WO 2024007411 A1 WO2024007411 A1 WO 2024007411A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
end cap
blocking
liquid
battery
electrolyte
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/110605
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘彩胜
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宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
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Priority to EP22949977.7A priority Critical patent/EP4447220A1/en
Publication of WO2024007411A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024007411A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H01M50/148—Lids or covers characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/15—Lids or covers characterised by their shape for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/392—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases with means for neutralising or absorbing electrolyte; with means for preventing leakage of electrolyte through vent holes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/60—Arrangements or processes for filling or topping-up with liquids; Arrangements or processes for draining liquids from casings
    • H01M50/609—Arrangements or processes for filling with liquid, e.g. electrolytes
    • H01M50/627—Filling ports
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/60—Arrangements or processes for filling or topping-up with liquids; Arrangements or processes for draining liquids from casings
    • H01M50/609—Arrangements or processes for filling with liquid, e.g. electrolytes
    • H01M50/627—Filling ports
    • H01M50/636—Closing or sealing filling ports, e.g. using lids
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of batteries, and in particular, to an end cover assembly, a battery cell, a battery and an electrical device.
  • lithium-ion batteries As a new type of secondary battery, lithium-ion batteries have the advantages of high energy density and power density, long cycle life, good safety, and green environmental protection. With the development of modern society and the enhancement of people's environmental awareness, more and more devices use lithium batteries as power sources, such as mobile phones, laptops, power tools and electric vehicles, etc. This provides broad scope for the application and development of lithium batteries. space.
  • the amount of electrolyte retained in the battery cell is related to whether the battery can operate stably for a long time. Therefore, it is necessary to avoid the loss of electrolyte during the manufacturing and operation of the battery cell.
  • the present application provides an end cover assembly, a battery cell, a battery and an electrical device, which can reduce the loss of electrolyte and improve the safety of the battery cell operation process.
  • this application provides an end cover assembly, including:
  • the blocking device is located on the side of the end cover facing the electrode assembly of the battery cell and at least partially covers the liquid injection hole.
  • the blocking device has a ventilation hole, and the ventilation hole is used to separate the liquid injection hole and the space located on the side of the blocking device away from the end cover.
  • the blocking device includes a blocking plate, which is connected to the end cover.
  • the blocking plate is provided with a through ventilation hole.
  • the number of blocking plates is multiple. The multiple blocking plates are spaced apart along a first direction, and the first direction is along the electrode. Components are oriented toward the end caps.
  • the electrolyte can be blocked during the formation process to prevent the electrolyte from directly flowing out of the liquid injection hole. Moreover, when filling the liquid filling hole, the injected liquid is prevented from being directly sprayed to the electrode assembly and causing displacement or deformation of the electrode assembly, thereby improving the safety of the liquid filling process.
  • the blocking plate at least part of the electrolyte can be blocked from flowing out of the liquid injection hole.
  • vent holes are provided on the baffle plate to discharge the gas inside the battery cells.
  • a side of the blocking plate facing the end cover has a receiving cavity, and an orthographic projection of the receiving cavity on the end cover at least partially covers the liquid injection hole.
  • the blocking plate includes a side plate and a bottom plate.
  • the side plate is arranged around the periphery of the liquid injection hole.
  • the bottom plate is connected to the side plate and is arranged opposite to the liquid injection hole.
  • the side plate and the bottom plate enclose a cylindrical receiving chamber.
  • a cylindrical accommodation cavity is provided to accommodate and position the sealing nail in the liquid injection hole, prevent the sealing nail from falling, and avoid damage to the blocking plate caused by movement during the liquid filling or vacuuming process, and improve the strength of the blocking device. safety.
  • the number of ventilation holes is multiple. Providing multiple vents can improve the efficiency of gas discharge during the formation process.
  • a plurality of ventilation holes are evenly spaced on the baffle plate.
  • the diameters of the plurality of blocking plates decrease sequentially.
  • the number Q of blocking plates is in the range: 2 ⁇ Q ⁇ 5. Setting up a reasonable number of blocking plates can reduce the weight of the end cover assembly while ensuring the blocking effect, and ensure the energy density of the battery cells.
  • the ventilation holes on two adjacent baffle plates are staggered. By arranging staggered ventilation holes, the path for the electrolyte to flow between adjacent baffle plates is extended and the speed of electrolyte discharge is reduced.
  • vent holes on each baffle plate have the same diameter, and along the first direction, the vent holes on the multiple baffle plates decrease sequentially.
  • the aperture of the vent hole is set so that the aperture gradually decreases along the direction of electrolyte discharge, which can gradually increase the resistance to electrolyte discharge and reduce the amount of electrolyte discharge.
  • the blocking device further includes a liquid suction component disposed in the containing cavity, and the liquid suction component has a porous structure.
  • a liquid suction component is provided in the accommodation cavity, which can temporarily absorb the electrolyte in the hole of the liquid suction component. The electrolyte will flow back after completing the formation process, thereby reducing the loss of the electrolyte during the formation process.
  • the liquid suction component includes a first liquid suction member disposed between the blocking plate and the liquid injection hole, a surface of the first liquid suction member is provided with a plurality of liquid suction holes, and the size of the first liquid suction member is larger than The diameter of the injection hole. Setting the size of the first liquid-absorbing member to be larger than the hole diameter of the liquid injection hole can prevent the first liquid-absorbing member from being discharged from the liquid injection hole.
  • the liquid suction component includes a second liquid suction member disposed between two adjacent blocking plates.
  • the surface of the second liquid suction member is provided with a plurality of liquid suction holes, and the size of the liquid suction component is larger than two The aperture of the vent hole in the block barrier plate. Setting the size of the second liquid-absorbing member to be larger than the aperture of the vent hole can prevent the second liquid-absorbing member from falling from the vent hole and prevent the second liquid-absorbing member from causing damage to the electrode assembly.
  • the present application also provides a battery cell, including the end cap assembly as in the above embodiment.
  • the present application also provides a battery, including: a battery cell as in the above embodiment.
  • the present application also provides an electrical device.
  • the electrical device includes the battery in the above embodiment, and the battery is used to provide electrical energy.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded schematic diagram of a battery provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 3 is an exploded schematic diagram of a battery cell in a battery provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an end cap assembly provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an end cap assembly provided by other embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an end cover assembly provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an end cap assembly provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic top structural view of an end cover assembly of a battery according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • an embodiment means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the application.
  • the appearances of this phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense.
  • connection can be a fixed connection, It can also be detachably connected or integrally connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be internal communication between two components.
  • connection can be a fixed connection
  • connection can also be detachably connected or integrally connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be internal communication between two components.
  • connection can also be detachably connected or integrally connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be internal communication between two components.
  • “Plural” appearing in this application means two or more (including two).
  • battery cells may include lithium ion secondary battery cells, lithium ion primary battery cells, lithium sulfur battery cells, sodium lithium ion battery cells, sodium ion battery cells or magnesium ion battery cells, etc.
  • the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.
  • the battery cell may be in the shape of a cylinder, a flat body, a rectangular parallelepiped or other shapes, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.
  • Battery cells are generally divided into three types according to packaging methods: cylindrical battery cells, square battery cells and soft-pack battery cells, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.
  • the battery mentioned in the embodiments of this application refers to a single physical module including one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the battery mentioned in this application may include a battery module or a battery pack.
  • Batteries generally include a casing for enclosing one or more battery cells. The casing prevents liquids or other foreign matter from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells.
  • the battery cell includes an electrode unit and an electrolyte.
  • the electrode unit includes at least one electrode assembly.
  • the electrode assembly includes a positive electrode piece, a negative electrode piece and a separator.
  • Battery cells mainly rely on the movement of metal ions between the positive and negative electrodes to work.
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer, and the positive electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive electrode current collector;
  • the positive electrode current collector includes a positive electrode current collecting part and a positive electrode convex part protruding from the positive electrode current collecting part, and the positive electrode current collecting part
  • the positive electrode convex part is coated with the positive electrode active material layer, and at least part of the positive electrode convex part is not coated with the positive electrode active material layer, and the positive electrode convex part serves as the positive electrode tab.
  • the material of the cathode current collector can be aluminum, and the cathode active material layer includes cathode active materials.
  • the cathode active material can be lithium cobalt oxide, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium or lithium manganate, etc.
  • the negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer, and the negative electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the negative electrode current collector; the negative electrode current collector includes a negative electrode current collecting part and a negative electrode convex part protruding from the negative electrode current collecting part, and the negative electrode current collecting part
  • the negative electrode active material layer is coated on the negative electrode active material layer, and at least part of the negative electrode protruding part is not coated with the negative electrode active material layer, and the negative electrode protruding part serves as the negative electrode tab.
  • the negative electrode current collector may be made of copper, and the negative electrode active material layer may include a negative electrode active material.
  • the negative electrode active material may be carbon or silicon.
  • the material of the isolator can be PP (polypropylene, polypropylene) or PE (polyethylene, polyethylene), etc.
  • the electrode assembly may have a rolled structure or a laminated structure, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto.
  • SEI film solid electrolyte interface film
  • the battery cells need to be charged with a small current after the electrolyte injection is completed. This process is called chemical formation film formation. Gas will be produced during the formation process. These gases can have a negative impact on the formation rate. At the same time, if these gases are not discharged in time and remain inside the battery cells, they will subsequently reduce the conversion efficiency of the battery cells. Because when gas appears in a battery cell, some of the electrode plates will be exposed and unable to be immersed in the electrolyte.
  • embodiments of the present application provide an end cover assembly provided with a blocking device.
  • the blocking device is disposed on the side of the end cover facing the electrode assembly of the battery cell, and at least partially covers the liquid injection hole.
  • the blocking device has a ventilation hole, and the ventilation hole is used to connect the liquid injection hole and the side of the blocking device away from the end cover. Spatial connectivity.
  • the number of blocking plates is multiple, and the plurality of blocking plates are spaced apart along a first direction, and the first direction is a direction along the electrode assembly toward the end cover.
  • the electrolyte can be blocked during the formation process to prevent the electrolyte from directly flowing out of the liquid injection hole. Moreover, when filling the liquid filling hole, the injected liquid is prevented from being directly sprayed to the electrode assembly and causing displacement or deformation of the electrode assembly, thereby improving the safety of the liquid filling process.
  • multiple blocking plates are provided to provide multiple barriers to the discharge of electrolyte during the formation process, further enhancing the effect of reducing electrolyte loss.
  • Electrical devices can be vehicles, cell phones, portable devices, laptops, ships, spacecraft, electric toys and power tools, etc.
  • Vehicles can be fuel vehicles, gas vehicles or new energy vehicles, and new energy vehicles can be pure electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles or extended-range vehicles, etc.
  • spacecraft include aircraft, rockets, space shuttles, spaceships, etc.
  • electric toys include fixed Type or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric ship toys and electric airplane toys, etc.
  • electric tools include metal cutting electric tools, grinding electric tools, assembly electric tools and railway electric tools, for example, Electric drills, electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators, planers and more.
  • the embodiments of this application impose no special restrictions on the above-mentioned electrical devices.
  • the following embodiments take the electrical device as a vehicle as an example.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • a battery 2 is provided inside the vehicle 1 , and the battery 2 can be provided at the bottom, head, or tail of the vehicle 1 .
  • the battery 2 may be used to power the vehicle 1 , for example, the battery 2 may be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1 .
  • the vehicle 1 may also include a controller 3 and a motor 4.
  • the controller 3 is used to control the battery 2 to provide power to the motor 4, for example, to meet the power requirements for starting, navigation and driving of the vehicle 1.
  • the battery 2 can not only be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1 , but also can be used as a driving power source for the vehicle 1 , replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1 .
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded schematic diagram of a battery provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery 2 includes a casing 5 and a battery cell 7 , and the battery cell 7 is accommodated in the casing 5 .
  • the casing 5 is used to accommodate the battery cells 7, and the casing 5 can be of various structures.
  • the housing 5 may include a first part 51 and a second part 52 , the first part 51 and the second part 52 covering each other, the first part 51 and the second part 52 jointly defining a space for receiving the battery cells 7 Accommodation space 53.
  • the second part 52 may be a hollow structure with one end open, and the first part 51 is a plate-like structure.
  • the first part 51 covers the open side of the second part 52 to form the housing 5 with a receiving space 53; the first part 51 and the second
  • Each of the parts 52 may also be a hollow structure with one side open, and the open side of the first part 51 is covered with the open side of the second part 52 to form the housing 5 having a receiving space 53 .
  • the first part 51 and the second part 52 can be in various shapes, such as cylinder, cuboid, etc.
  • a sealing member such as sealant, sealing ring, etc., may also be provided between the first part 51 and the second part 52 .
  • the first part 51 can also be called the upper box cover, and the second part 52 can also be called the lower box body.
  • the battery 2 there may be one battery cell 7 or a plurality of battery cells 7 .
  • the multiple battery cells 7 can be connected in series, in parallel, or in mixed connection.
  • Mixed connection means that the multiple battery cells 7 are both connected in series and in parallel.
  • the plurality of battery cells 7 can be directly connected in series or in parallel or mixed together, and then the whole composed of the plurality of battery cells 7 can be housed in the casing 5; of course, the plurality of battery cells 7 can also be connected in series or mixed together first.
  • the battery modules 6 are formed by parallel or mixed connection, and multiple battery modules 6 are connected in series, parallel or mixed to form a whole, and are accommodated in the casing 5 .
  • Figure 3 is an exploded schematic diagram of the battery cell 7 in the battery provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the plurality of battery cells 7 are first connected in series, parallel, or mixed to form the battery module 6 .
  • Multiple battery modules 6 are connected in series, parallel or mixed to form a whole, and are accommodated in the box.
  • the plurality of battery cells 7 in the battery module 6 can be electrically connected through bus components to achieve parallel, series or mixed connection of the plurality of battery cells 7 in the battery module 6 .
  • the battery cell 7 in the embodiment of the present application includes an electrode unit 10, a case 20 and an end cap assembly 30.
  • the housing 20 has an opening 21 , the electrode unit 10 is accommodated in the housing 20 , and the end cover assembly 30 is used to connect the housing 20 and cover the opening 21 .
  • the electrode unit 10 includes at least one electrode assembly 11 .
  • the electrode assembly 11 includes a positive electrode piece, a negative electrode piece and a separator.
  • the electrode assembly 11 may be a rolled electrode assembly, a laminated electrode assembly, or other forms of electrode assembly.
  • electrode assembly 11 is a rolled electrode assembly.
  • the positive electrode piece, the negative electrode piece and the separator are all in strip structure.
  • the positive electrode piece, the separator and the negative electrode piece can be stacked in sequence and wound more than two times to form the electrode assembly 11 .
  • the electrode assembly 11 is a stacked electrode assembly.
  • the electrode assembly 11 includes a plurality of positive electrode pieces and a plurality of negative electrode pieces.
  • the positive electrode pieces and the negative electrode pieces are alternately stacked, and the stacking direction is parallel to the thickness direction of the positive electrode piece and the thickness direction of the negative electrode piece.
  • the electrode unit 10 includes at least one electrode assembly 11 . That is to say, in the battery cell 7 , there may be one electrode assembly 11 accommodated in the case 20 , or there may be multiple electrode assemblies 11 .
  • the housing 20 is a hollow structure with one side open.
  • the end cap assembly 30 covers the opening of the housing 20 and forms a sealed connection to form a receiving cavity for receiving the electrode unit 10 and the electrolyte.
  • the housing 20 can be in various shapes, such as cylinder, cuboid, etc.
  • the shape of the housing 20 can be determined according to the specific shape of the electrode unit 10 . For example, if the electrode unit 10 has a cylindrical structure, a cylindrical shell can be selected; if the electrode unit 10 has a rectangular parallelepiped structure, a rectangular parallelepiped shell can be selected.
  • the end cap assembly 30 can also be of various structures, such as a plate-like structure or a hollow structure with one end open, etc.
  • the housing 20 has a rectangular parallelepiped structure
  • the end cover assembly 30 has a plate-like structure
  • the end cover assembly 30 covers the opening at the top of the housing 20 .
  • End cap assembly 30 also includes electrode terminals 31 .
  • electrode terminals 31 are provided, and the two electrode terminals 31 are respectively defined as a positive electrode terminal and a negative electrode terminal.
  • the positive electrode terminal and the negative electrode terminal are respectively used to electrically connect with the positive electrode tab and the negative electrode tab of the electrode assembly 11 to output the current generated by the electrode assembly 11 .
  • the end cover assembly 30 also includes a pressure relief mechanism 32, which is used to relieve the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 7 when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 7 reaches a predetermined value.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 32 is located between the positive electrode terminal and the negative electrode terminal.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 32 may be a component such as an explosion-proof valve, explosion-proof disc, air valve, pressure relief valve or safety valve.
  • the housing 20 may also be a hollow structure with openings on opposite sides.
  • the end cover assembly 30 includes two end cover assemblies 30 .
  • the two end cover assemblies 30 respectively cover the two openings of the housing 20 and are sealed and connected to form an accommodation cavity for accommodating the electrode unit 10 and the electrolyte.
  • the positive and negative electrode terminals may be mounted on the same end cap assembly 30 . In other examples, the positive electrode terminal and the negative electrode terminal are mounted on the two end cap assemblies 30 respectively.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the end cover assembly 30 provided by some embodiments of the present application
  • Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the end cover assembly 30 provided by other embodiments of the present application
  • Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the end cover assembly 30 provided by other embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the end cover assembly 30 provided in some embodiments of the application
  • Figure 8 is a schematic structural diagram of the end cover assembly 30 of the battery 2 in some embodiments of the application.
  • a schematic diagram of the overhead structure is shown in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the end cap assembly 30 in the embodiment of the present application includes: an end cap 301 and a blocking device 302 .
  • the end cap 301 has a liquid injection hole 303 .
  • the blocking device 302 is provided on the side of the end cover 301 facing the electrode assembly 11 of the battery cell 7 and at least partially covers the liquid injection hole 303 .
  • the blocking device 302 has a vent hole 304, which is used to communicate the liquid injection hole 303 with the space located on the side of the blocking device 302 away from the end cover 301.
  • the blocking device 302 includes a blocking plate 305, which is connected to the end cover 301.
  • the blocking plate 305 is provided with a through ventilation hole 304.
  • the number of blocking plates 305 is multiple.
  • the plurality of blocking plates 305 are spaced apart along the first direction X.
  • the first direction X is the direction along the electrode assembly 11 toward the end cover 301 .
  • the end cap 301 is a device for a space in the battery cell 7 connected to the case 20 for accommodating the electrode assembly 11 .
  • the end cap 301 is usually made of metal material, and the end cap 301 can be configured as a strip-shaped plate structure.
  • the end cap 301 is sealingly connected to the housing 20 to prevent leakage of the electrolyte.
  • the end cap 301 itself also has a certain strength to ensure the stability of its own shape and structure, and at the same time to ensure the reliability of the installation of the blocking device 302.
  • the end cap 301 may be made of the same material as the housing 20 .
  • the end cap 301 can be made of copper, aluminum, iron, stainless steel, aluminum alloy and other materials.
  • the liquid injection hole 303 is provided on the end cover 301 .
  • the liquid injection hole 303 runs through the thickness direction of the end cover 301 and communicates with the space inside the housing 20 .
  • the liquid injection hole 303 is connected to the liquid injection device to inject the electrolyte into the housing 20 .
  • the liquid injection hole 303 is connected to the negative pressure mechanism to discharge excess gas in the housing 20 .
  • the blocking device 302 is disposed inside the battery cell 7 and connected to the end cover 301 .
  • the blocking device 302 may be a plate-like structure directly covering under the liquid injection hole 303 , or there may be a gap between the blocking device 302 and the liquid injection hole 303 .
  • the blocking device 302 can be made of plastic, or can be made of resin, plastic material, rubber or metal material. Furthermore, the material used to make the blocking device 302 needs to be resistant to electrolyte corrosion and high temperature to prevent it from being corroded by the electrolyte or melted by high temperature during the formation process.
  • a blocking device 302 is provided below the liquid injection hole 303 to block the electrolyte during the formation process of the battery cell 7 to prevent the electrolyte from directly flowing out of the liquid injection hole 303, effectively Reduce the loss of electrolyte during the formation process.
  • the blocking device 302 can also buffer the liquid injection, preventing the injected electrolyte from being directly sprayed to the electrode assembly 11 and causing displacement or deformation of the electrode assembly 11, thereby improving the efficiency of the liquid injection process. safety.
  • the blocking plate 305 By providing the blocking plate 305, at least part of the electrolyte can be blocked from flowing out of the liquid injection hole 303.
  • a vent hole 304 is provided on the baffle plate 305 to discharge the gas inside the battery cell 7 .
  • the above structure can reduce the loss of electrolyte while ensuring the normal discharge of gas.
  • the blocking plate 305 has a simple structure and is convenient to manufacture, and can be applied to most structures of the liquid injection holes 303 .
  • the blocking plate 305 can be disposed close to the end cover 301, and the number of vent holes 304 can be multiple.
  • the multiple vent holes 304 are all disposed below the liquid injection hole 303, and the aperture of the vent hole 304 is smaller than the injection hole 303. Therefore, in the above embodiment, the flow rate of the electrolyte flowing from the liquid injection hole 303 to the housing 20 can be buffered to a certain extent, and at the same time, the effect of smooth exhaust can be achieved.
  • the side of the blocking plate 305 facing the end cover 301 has a receiving cavity 306 , and the orthographic projection of the receiving cavity 306 on the end cover 301 at least partially covers the liquid injection hole 303 .
  • the orthographic projection of the accommodation cavity 306 on the end cover 301 completely covers the liquid injection hole 303 .
  • the accommodating cavity 306 is formed between the baffle plate 305 and the end cover 301, and the accommodating cavity 306 is connected to the liquid injection hole 303 and the ventilation hole 304 respectively.
  • the accommodation cavity 306 may be a buffer space between the liquid injection hole 303 and the ventilation hole 304 .
  • part of the refluxed electrolyte or condensed electrolyte gas can be temporarily stored during the formation process and flow back into the housing 20 through the vent hole 304, thereby reducing the loss of the electrolyte.
  • the containing cavity 306 can accommodate the electrolyte during the liquid injection process, preventing the injected electrolyte from being directly sprayed toward the electrode assembly 11 and reducing the impact damage of the electrolyte on the electrode assembly 11 .
  • the blocking plate 305 includes a side plate 307 and a bottom plate 308.
  • the side plate 307 is arranged around the periphery of the liquid injection hole 303, and the bottom plate 308 is connected to the side plate 307 and with the liquid injection hole.
  • 303 are arranged opposite each other, and the side plates 307 and the bottom plate 308 enclose a cylindrical accommodation cavity 306 .
  • a sealing nail needs to be used to seal the liquid injection hole 303 .
  • the sealing nail and the liquid injection hole 303 can be connected by welding or other methods.
  • the sealing nail may fall off. The movement of the fallen sealing nail during the formation process will cause friction with the blocking device 302 , thereby causing damage to the blocking device 302 .
  • the blocking device 302 is worn to form a larger-sized through hole, the sealing nail enters the interior of the housing 20 through the through hole and causes damage to the electrode assembly 11 .
  • a cylindrical receiving cavity 306 is provided, which is similar in shape to the sealing nail and can accommodate and prevent the sealing nail from moving. Therefore, the cylindrical accommodation cavity 306 in the present application can prevent the sealing nail from falling into the housing 20, and avoid damage to the blocking plate 305 caused by movement during the liquid injection or vacuuming process, thereby improving the safety of the blocking device 302. sex.
  • the number of ventilation holes 304 is multiple. Providing a plurality of ventilation holes 304 on the baffle plate 305 can increase the area for gas discharge and improve the efficiency of gas discharge during the formation process.
  • a plurality of ventilation holes 304 are evenly spaced on the baffle plate 305 .
  • the gas can be discharged evenly on the baffle plate 305, ensuring a balanced force on the baffle plate 305, while improving the exhaust efficiency and extending the service life of the baffle plate 305.
  • the blocking device 302 includes a first blocking plate 309 , a second blocking plate 310 and a third blocking plate 311 that are sequentially arranged along the first direction X.
  • the first blocking plate 309 and the second blocking plate 310 are both hemispherical structures.
  • the hemispherical structures occupy less space and can effectively reduce the space occupied by the blocking device 302 inside the housing 20 .
  • the third blocking plate 311 has a cylindrical structure and can accommodate the sealing nail while blocking the loss of electrolyte.
  • the diameters of the plurality of blocking plates 305 decrease sequentially.
  • the first baffle plate 309 , the second baffle plate 310 and the third baffle plate 311 can also be provided with similar shapes but different sizes.
  • the first baffle plate 309 , the second baffle plate 310 and the third baffle plate 311 can all be configured as cylindrical structures, or the first baffle plate 309 , the second baffle plate 310 and the third baffle plate 311 can all be configured as hemispheres. Shape or semi-elliptical structure, etc. The above structures can be selected according to actual usage conditions, and are not limited here.
  • multiple blocking plates 305 are provided to provide multiple barriers to the discharge of electrolyte during the formation process, further enhancing the effect of reducing electrolyte loss.
  • the injected electrolyte is buffered and slowed down multiple times to achieve the purpose of protecting the electrode assembly 11 .
  • the diameters of the plurality of blocking plates 305 are sequentially reduced.
  • the baffle plates 305 are all arranged in a hemispherical structure, and the diameters of the multiple stacked baffle plates 305 are gradually reduced.
  • the centers of the plurality of blocking plates 305 are located on the same straight line.
  • the above structure can divide the accommodation cavity 306 to ensure that there is a certain accommodation space between two adjacent baffle plates 305 to improve the exhaust efficiency. At the same time, it can facilitate the circumference of the baffle plate 305 and the end cover 301 respectively. connection to improve the reliability of the installation of the blocking device 302.
  • the number Q of the blocking plates 305 is in the range: 2 ⁇ Q ⁇ 5. If the number of blocking plates 305 is less than two, the effect of blocking the electrolyte is not obvious, and there will still be a certain loss of electrolyte at the liquid injection hole 303 . If the number of blocking blocks is set to be more than 5, it will occupy a large internal space of the battery cell 7 and cannot be installed. Therefore, by arranging a reasonable number of blocking plates 305, the weight of the end cover assembly 30 can be reduced while ensuring the blocking effect, and the energy density of the battery cells 7 can be ensured.
  • the ventilation holes 304 on two adjacent blocking plates 305 are arranged in a staggered manner.
  • staggered ventilation holes 304 the path for the electrolyte to flow between adjacent baffle plates 305 is lengthened and the speed of electrolyte discharge is reduced. At the same time, it can also extend the flow path of the evaporated electrolyte gas, improve the condensation efficiency of the vaporized electrode liquid, and further reduce the loss of electrolyte.
  • the apertures of the ventilation holes 304 on each baffle plate 305 are equal, and along the first direction
  • the aperture of the vent hole 304 is set so that the aperture gradually decreases along the direction of discharge of the electrolyte, which can gradually increase the resistance to discharge of the electrolyte and reduce the discharge amount of the electrolyte.
  • the blocking device 302 further includes a liquid suction component 312 disposed in the accommodation cavity 306, and the liquid suction component 312 has a porous structure.
  • the liquid absorbing component 312 can absorb or block the splashed electrolyte, part of the electrolyte flows back into the housing 20 , and part of the electrolyte is temporarily absorbed into the porous structure of the liquid absorbing component 312 .
  • the electrolyte can be temporarily stored in the hole of the liquid suction assembly 312, and the electrolyte will flow back after completing the formation process, thereby reducing the electrolyte loss during the formation process.
  • the liquid suction component 312 includes a first liquid suction member 313 located between the blocking plate 305 and the liquid injection hole 303.
  • the surface of the first liquid suction member 313 is provided with a plurality of liquid suction holes.
  • the size of the first liquid absorbing member 313 is larger than the diameter of the liquid injection hole 303 .
  • the first liquid absorbing member 313 can be made of materials that are resistant to electrolyte corrosion and high temperature resistance to prevent it from being corroded by the electrolyte or melting during the formation process.
  • the first liquid-absorbing member 313 can be made of plastic, or can be made of resin, plastic material, rubber or metal material.
  • the aluminum material when manufacturing using metal aluminum material, the aluminum material can be made into a regular or irregular shape of the first liquid-absorbing member 313, and at the same time, a plurality of concave liquid-absorbing holes can be provided on the surface of the aluminum material. Absorb electrolyte.
  • the ability of the blocking device 302 to absorb electrolyte can be increased, and the effect of blocking the loss of electrolyte can be improved.
  • setting the size of the first liquid-absorbing member 313 to be larger than the diameter of the liquid injection hole 303 can prevent the first liquid-absorbing member 313 from being discharged from the liquid injection hole 303.
  • the liquid suction component 312 includes a second liquid suction member 314 disposed between two adjacent blocking plates 305.
  • the surface of the second liquid suction member 314 is provided with a plurality of liquid suction holes.
  • the size of the liquid suction assembly 312 is larger than the diameter of the ventilation holes 304 on the two baffle plates 305 .
  • the second liquid absorbing member 314 needs to be made of materials that are resistant to electrolyte corrosion and high temperature resistance to prevent it from being corroded by the electrolyte or melting during the formation process.
  • the second liquid-absorbing member 314 can be made of plastic, resin, plastic material, rubber or metal material.
  • the aluminum material can be made into the second liquid-absorbing member 314 in a regular or irregular shape, and at the same time, a plurality of concave liquid-absorbing holes can be provided on the surface of the aluminum material. Absorb electrolyte.
  • the ability of the blocking device 302 to absorb electrolyte can be increased, and the effect of blocking the loss of electrolyte can be improved.
  • Setting the size of the second liquid absorbing member 314 to be larger than the aperture of the vent hole 304 can prevent the second liquid absorbing member 314 from falling from the vent hole 304 and prevent the second liquid absorbing member 314 from causing damage to the electrode assembly 11 .
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a battery cell 7 including an end cover assembly 30 .
  • the end cap assembly 30 includes an end cap 301 and a blocking device 302 .
  • the end cap 301 has a liquid injection hole 303; the blocking device 302 is provided on the side of the end cap 301 facing the electrode assembly 11 of the battery cell 7 and at least partially covers the liquid filling hole 303.
  • the blocking device 302 has a ventilation hole 304, and the ventilation hole 304 is used for The liquid injection hole 303 is connected to the space located on the side of the blocking device 302 away from the end cover 301 .
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides a battery 2. Please refer to Figure 2 and Figure 4.
  • the battery 2 includes: the battery cell 7 in any of the above embodiments.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides an electric device.
  • the electric device includes the battery 2 in any of the above embodiments, and the battery 2 is used to provide electric energy.
  • the electrolyte can be blocked during the formation process to prevent the electrolyte from flowing directly from the liquid injection hole 303. Moreover, when the liquid injection hole 303 is injecting liquid, the injected liquid is prevented from being directly sprayed onto the electrode assembly 11 and causing displacement or deformation of the electrode assembly 11 , thereby improving the safety of the liquid injection process.

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Abstract

本申请公开了一种端盖组件、电池单体、电池以及用电装置。端盖组件，包括：端盖，具有注液孔；阻挡装置，设于端盖朝向电池单体的电极组件的一侧且至少部分覆盖注液孔，阻挡装置具有通气孔，通气孔用于将注液孔和位于阻挡装置背离端盖一侧的空间连通。本申请实施例的技术方案中，通过在注液孔下方设置阻挡装置，能够在化成过程中对电解液进行阻挡，以防止电解液直接从注液孔中流出。并且，在注液孔进行注液时，防止注入的液体直接喷射至电极组件造成电极组件的移位或者变形，提升注液过程的安全性。

Description

端盖组件、电池单体、电池以及用电装置
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求享有于2022年07月07日提交的名称为“端盖组件、电池单体、电池以及用电装置”的中国专利申请202221731363.9的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池领域，特别是涉及一种端盖组件、电池单体、电池以及用电装置。
背景技术
锂离子电池作为一种新型二次电池，具有能量密度和功率密度大、循环寿命长、安全性好、绿色环保等优点。随着现代社会的发展，人们环保意识的增强，越来越多的设备使用锂电池作为电源，如手机、笔记本电脑、电动工具和电动汽车等，这为锂电池的应用与发展提供了广阔的空间。
目前，电池的安全性越来越受到关注。电池单体中的电解液的保有量关系到电池能否长期稳定的运行，因此需要避免电池单体在制造以及运行过程中电解液的损失。
发明内容
鉴于上述问题，本申请提供一种端盖组件、电池单体、电池以及用电装置，能够减少电解液的损失，提升电池单体运行过程的安全性。
第一方面，本申请提供了一种端盖组件，包括：
端盖，具有注液孔；
阻挡装置，设于端盖朝向电池单体的电极组件的一侧且至少部分覆盖注液孔，阻挡装置具有通气孔，通气孔用于将注液孔和位于阻挡装置背离端盖一侧的空间连通，阻挡装置包括阻挡板，阻挡板与端盖连接，阻挡板上设有贯穿的通气孔，阻挡板的数量为多块，多块阻挡板沿第一方向间隔设置，第一方向为沿电极组件朝向端盖的方向。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，通过在注液孔下方设置阻挡装置，能够在化成过程中，对电解液进行阻挡以防止电解液直接从注液孔中流出。并且，在注液孔进行注液时，防止注入的液体直接喷射至电极组件造成电极组件的移位或者变形，提升注液过程的安全性。通过设置阻挡板，能够阻挡至少部分电解液从注液孔中流出。并且在阻挡板上设置通气孔，将电池单体内部的气体排出。上述的结构能在保证气体正常排出的同时，防止电解液的损失。进一步的，通过设置多块阻挡板，对化成过程中电解液的排出进行多重阻挡，进一步强化减小电解液损失的效果。
在一些实施例中，阻挡板朝向端盖的一侧具有容纳腔，容纳腔在端盖上的正投影至少部分覆盖注液孔。通过设置容纳腔，能够在注液孔注液时形成缓冲空间，以容纳电解液，防止液体直接朝向电极组件喷射，减小电解液对电极组件的冲击。
在一些实施例中，阻挡板包括侧板以及底板，侧板围绕于注液孔的外周设置，底板连接侧板并与注液孔相对设置，侧板以及底板围合成筒状的容纳腔。设置筒状的容纳腔，能够容纳并定位注液孔中的密封钉，防止密封钉掉落，并且避免在注液或者化成抽真空过程中的移动造成的对阻挡板的损伤，提升阻挡装置的安全性。
在一些实施例中，通气孔的数量为多个。设置多个通气孔能提升化成过程中气体排出的效率。
在一些实施例中，多个通气孔均匀间隔设于阻挡板上。上述的结构，保证气体能够均匀排出，提升阻挡板受力的均衡性，提升排气的效率并延长阻挡板的使用寿命。
在一些实施例中，沿第一方向，多块阻挡板的直径依次减小。通过设置不同直径的阻挡板，能够提升排气效率，同时便于阻挡板与端盖之间的连接。
在一些实施例中，阻挡板的数量Q的范围：2≤Q≤5。设置合理数量的阻挡板，能够在保证阻挡效果的同时，降低端盖组件的重量，保证电池单体的能量密度。
在一些实施例中，相邻的两块阻挡板上的通气孔交错设置。通过设置交错的通气孔，延长电解液在相邻阻挡板之间流动的路径，降低电解液排出的速度。
在一些实施例中，每块阻挡板上的通气孔的孔径相等，沿第一方向，多块阻挡板上的通气孔的孔径依次减小。通气孔的孔径设置，沿着电解液排出的方向孔径逐渐减小，能够逐渐增大电解液排出的阻力，减小电解液的排出量。
在一些实施例中，阻挡装置还包括设于容纳腔内的吸液组件，吸液组件具有多孔结构。在容纳腔内设置吸液组件，能将电解液暂时吸收在吸液组件的孔中，电解液在完成化成过程后回流，减少化成过程中电解液的损耗。
在一些实施例中，吸液组件包括设于阻挡板与注液孔之间的第一吸液件，第一吸液件的表面设有多个吸液孔，第一吸液件的尺寸大于注液孔 的孔径。设置第一吸液件的尺寸大于注液孔的孔径，能够避免第一吸液件从注液孔中排出。
在一些实施例中，吸液组件包括设于相邻的两块阻挡板之间的第二吸液件，第二吸液件的表面设有多个吸液孔，吸液组件的尺寸大于两块阻挡板上的通气孔的孔径。设置第二吸液件的尺寸大于通气孔的孔径，能够避免第二吸液件从通气孔中掉落，防止第二吸液件对电极组件造成损坏。
第二方面，本申请还提供了一种电池单体，包括如上述实施例中的端盖组件。
第三方面，本申请还提供了一种电池，包括：如上述实施例中的电池单体。
第四方面，本申请还提供了一种用电装置，用电装置包括上述实施例中的电池，电池用于提供电能。
上述说明仅是本申请技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本申请的技术手段，而可依照说明书的内容予以实施，并且为了让本申请的上述和其它目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂，以下特举本申请的具体实施方式。
附图说明
下面将参考附图来描述本申请示例性实施例的特征、优点和技术效果。
图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆的结构示意图；
图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池的爆炸示意图；
图3为本申请一些实施例提供的电池中的电池单体的爆炸示意图；
图4为本申请一些实施例提供的端盖组件的结构示意图；
图5为本申请另一些实施例提供的端盖组件的结构示意图；
图6为本申请又一些实施例提供的端盖组件的结构示意图；
图7为本申请再一些实施例提供的端盖组件的结构示意图；
图8为本申请一些实施例的电池的端盖组件的俯视结构示意图。
在附图中，附图未必按照实际的比例绘制。
附图标记说明：
1、车辆；X、第一方向；2、电池；3、控制器；4、马达；5、外壳；51、第一部分；52、第二部分；53、容纳空间；6、电池模块；7、电池单体；10、电极单元；11、电极组件；20、壳体；21、开口；30、端盖组件；31、电极端子；32、泄压机构；301、端盖；302、阻挡装置；303、注液孔；304、通气孔；305、阻挡板；306、容纳腔；307、侧板；308、底板；309、第一阻挡板；310、第二阻挡板；311、第三阻挡板；312、吸液组件；313、第一吸液件；314、第二吸液件。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
除非另有定义，本申请所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本申请中在申请的说明书 中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。本申请的说明书和权利要求书或上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别不同对象，而不是用于描述特定顺序或主次关系。
在本申请中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“附接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
本申请中术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本申请中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请的实施例中，相同的附图标记表示相同的部件，并且为了简洁，在不同实施例中，省略对相同部件的详细说明。应理解，附图示出的本申请实施例中的各种部件的厚度、长宽等尺寸，以及集成装置的整体厚度、长宽等尺寸仅为示例性说明，而不应对本申请构成任何限定。
本申请中出现的“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)。
本申请中，电池单体可以包括锂离子二次电池单体、锂离子一次电池单体、锂硫电池单体、钠锂离子电池单体、钠离子电池单体或镁离子电池单体等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。电池单体可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等，本申请实施例对此也不限定。电池单体一般按封装的方式分成三种：柱形电池单体、方形电池单体和软包电池单体，本申请实施例对此也不限定。
本申请的实施例所提到的电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。例如，本申请中所提到的电池可以包括电池模块或电池包等。电池一般包括用于封装一个或多个电池单体的外壳。外壳可以避免液体或其他异物影响电池单体的充电或放电。
电池单体包括电极单元和电解质，电极单元包括至少一个电极组件，电极组件包括正极极片、负极极片和隔离件。电池单体主要依靠金属离子在正极极片和负极极片之间移动来工作。正极极片包括正极集流体和正极活性物质层，正极活性物质层涂覆于正极集流体的表面；正极集流体包括正极集流部和凸出于正极集流部的正极凸部，正极集流部涂覆有正极活性物质层，正极凸部的至少部分未涂覆正极活性物质层，正极凸部作为正极极耳。以锂离子电池为例，正极集流体的材料可以为铝，正极活性物质层包括正极活性物质，正极活性物质可以为钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂、三元锂或锰酸锂等。负极极片包括负极集流体和负极活性物质层，负极活性物质层涂覆于负极集流体的表面；负极集流体包括负极集流部和凸出于负极集流部的负极凸部，负极集流部涂覆有负极活性物质层，负极凸部的至少部分未涂覆负极活性物质层，负极凸部作为负极极耳。负极集流体的材料可以为铜，负极活性物质层包括负极活性物质，负极活性物质可以为碳或硅等。为了保证通过大电流而不发生熔断，正极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起，负极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起。隔离件的材质可以为PP (polypropylene，聚丙烯)或PE(polyethylene，聚乙烯)等。此外，电极组件可以是卷绕式结构，也可以是叠片式结构，本申请实施例并不限于此。
在电池的生产过程中，电池单体中的各部件安装完成以后，需要进行化成过程以在电极表面形成固体电解质界面膜，简称SEI膜。为了形成完整的SEI膜，需要在电解液注液完成之后对电池单体进行小电流充电，这一过程被称为化成成膜。化成的过程中会伴随气体产生。这些气体会对化成速度产生负面影响。同时，这些气体如果没有及时排出，留在电池单体内部，后续也会降低电池单体的转化效率。因为，当电池单体中出现气体时，会导致部分电极极片裸露而无法浸润在电解液中，因此该部分电极极片无法进行有效的电能转化，电池单体的效率就会低于预期。为了及时排出化成成膜时产生的气体，以提升化成的效率，电池单体化成过程中需要保持电池单体内部的高温负压环境。
本申请人发现，在高温负压的环境中，电池单体中的部分电解液会被负压机构抽走，造成电解液的损失。另外，电解液的沸点会随着负压的高低而生产变化，在化成过程中部分电解液也会变成气态随着化成产生的气体被抽走，进一步造成电解液的损失时。
鉴于此，本申请实施例提供了一种端盖组件，设置有阻挡装置。阻挡装置设于端盖朝向电池单体的电极组件的一侧，且至少部分覆盖注液孔，阻挡装置上具有通气孔，通气孔用于将注液孔和位于阻挡装置背离端盖一侧的空间连通。并且阻挡板的数量为多块，多块阻挡板沿第一方向间隔设置，第一方向为沿电极组件朝向端盖的方向。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，通过在注液孔下方设置阻挡装置，能够在化成过程中，对电解液进行阻挡以防止电解液直接从注液孔中流出。 并且，在注液孔进行注液时，防止注入的液体直接喷射至电极组件造成电极组件的移位或者变形，提升注液过程的安全性。并且通过设置多块阻挡板，对化成过程中电解液的排出进行多重阻挡，进一步强化减小电解液损失的效果。
本申请实施例描述的技术方案适用于电池以及使用电池的用电装置。用电装置可以是车辆、手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、轮船、航天器、电动玩具和电动工具等等。车辆可以是燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等；航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等；电动玩具包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等；电动工具包括金属切削电动工具、研磨电动工具、装配电动工具和铁道用电动工具，例如，电钻、电动砂轮机、电动扳手、电动螺丝刀、电锤、冲击电钻、混凝土振动器和电刨等等。本申请实施例对上述用电装置不做特殊限制。
以下实施例为了方便说明，以用电装置为车辆为例进行说明。
图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆的结构示意图。如图1所示，车辆1的内部设置有电池2，电池2可以设置在车辆1的底部或头部或尾部。电池2可以用于车辆1的供电，例如，电池2可以作为车辆1的操作电源。
车辆1还可以包括控制器3和马达4，控制器3用来控制电池2为马达4供电，例如，用于车辆1的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在本申请的一些实施例中，电池2不仅仅可以作为车辆1的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1的驱动电源，代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气为车辆1提供驱动动力。
图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池的爆炸示意图。如图2所示，电池2包括外壳5和电池单体7，电池单体7容纳于外壳5内。
外壳5用于容纳电池单体7，外壳5可以是多种结构。在一些实施例中，外壳5可以包括第一部分51和第二部分52，第一部分51与第二部分52相互盖合，第一部分51和第二部分52共同限定出用于容纳电池单体7的容纳空间53。第二部分52可以是一端开口的空心结构，第一部分51为板状结构，第一部分51盖合于第二部分52的开口侧，以形成具有容纳空间53的外壳5；第一部分51和第二部分52也均可以是一侧开口的空心结构，第一部分51的开口侧盖合于第二部分52的开口侧，以形成具有容纳空间53的外壳5。当然，第一部分51和第二部分52可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。
为提高第一部分51与第二部分52连接后的密封性，第一部分51与第二部分52之间也可以设置密封件，比如，密封胶、密封圈等。
假设第一部分51盖合于第二部分52的顶部，第一部分51亦可称之为上箱盖，第二部分52亦可称之为下箱体。
在电池2中，电池单体7可以是一个，也可以是多个。若电池单体7为多个，多个电池单体7之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体7中既有串联又有并联。多个电池单体7之间可直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将多个电池单体7构成的整体容纳于外壳5内；当然，也可以是多个电池单体7先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块6，多个电池模块6再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于外壳5内。
图3为本申请一些实施例提供的电池中的电池单体7的爆炸示意图。在一些实施例中，电池单体7为多个，多个电池单体7先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块6。多个电池模块6再串联或并联或混联形成一个整 体，并容纳于箱体内。
电池模块6中的多个电池单体7之间可通过汇流部件实现电连接，以实现电池模块6中的多个电池单体7的并联或串联或混联。
本申请实施例的电池单体7包括电极单元10、壳体20和端盖组件30。壳体20具有开口21，电极单元10容纳于壳体20内，端盖组件30用于连接壳体20并盖合于开口21。
电极单元10包括至少一个电极组件11。电极组件11包括正极极片、负极极片和隔离件。电极组件11可以是卷绕式电极组件、叠片式电极组件或其它形式的电极组件。
在一些实施例中，电极组件11为卷绕式电极组件。正极极片、负极极片和隔离件均为带状结构。本申请实施例可以将正极极片、隔离件以及负极极片依次层叠并卷绕两圈以上形成电极组件11。
在另一些实施例中，电极组件11为叠片式电极组件。具体地，电极组件11包括多个正极极片和多个负极极片，正极极片和负极极片交替层叠，层叠的方向平行于正极极片的厚度方向和负极极片的厚度方向。
电极单元10包括至少一个电极组件11。也就是说，在电池单体7中，容纳于壳体20内的电极组件11可以是一个，也可以是多个。
壳体20为一侧开口的空心结构。端盖组件30盖合于壳体20的开口处并形成密封连接，以形成用于容纳电极单元10和电解质的容纳腔。
壳体20可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。壳体20的形状可根据电极单元10的具体形状来确定。比如，若电极单元10为圆柱体结构，则可选用为圆柱体壳体；若电极单元10为长方体结构，则可选用长方体壳体。当然，端盖组件30也可以是多种结构，比如，为板状结构 或一端开口的空心结构等。示例性的，壳体20为长方体结构，端盖组件30为板状结构，端盖组件30盖合于壳体20顶部的开口处。
端盖组件30还包括电极端子31。在一些实施例中，电极端子31设置为两个，两个电极端子31分别定义为正极电极端子和负极电极端子。正极电极端子和负极电极端子分别用于与电极组件11正极极耳部和负极极耳部电连接，以输出电极组件11所产生的电流。
端盖组件30还包括泄压机构32，泄压机构32用于在电池单体7的内部压力或温度达到预定值时泄放电池单体7的内部压力或温度。示例性的，泄压机构32位于正极电极端子和负极电极端子之间，泄压机构32可以是诸如防爆阀、防爆片、气阀、泄压阀或安全阀等部件。
在一些实施例中，壳体20也可为相对的两侧开口的空心结构。端盖组件30包括两个端盖组件30，两个端盖组件30分别盖合于壳体20的两个开口处并密封连接，以形成用于容纳电极单元10和电解质的容纳腔。在一些示例中，正极电极端子和负极电极端子可安装在同一个端盖组件30上。在另一些示例中，正极电极端子和负极电极端子分别安装在两个端盖组件30上。
请继续参考图4至图8，图4为本申请一些实施例提供的端盖组件30的结构示意图；图5为本申请另一些实施例提供的端盖组件30的结构示意图；图6为本申请又一些实施例提供的端盖组件30的结构示意图；图7为本申请再一些实施例提供的端盖组件30的结构示意图；图8为本申请一些实施例的电池2的端盖组件30的俯视结构示意图。
如图2至图6所示，本申请实施例中的端盖组件30，包括：端盖301以及阻挡装置302。端盖301具有注液孔303。阻挡装置302设于端盖301朝向电池单体7的电极组件11的一侧，且至少部分覆盖注液孔303。 阻挡装置302具有通气孔304，通气孔304用于将注液孔303和位于阻挡装置302背离端盖301一侧的空间连通。阻挡装置302包括阻挡板305，阻挡板305与端盖301连接，阻挡板305上设有贯穿的通气孔304。阻挡板305的数量为多块，多块阻挡板305沿第一方向X间隔设置，第一方向X为沿电极组件11朝向端盖301的方向。
端盖301是电池单体7中与壳体20连接用于容纳电极组件11的空间的装置。端盖301通常采用金属材料制造，端盖301可以设置为条形板状结构。端盖301与壳体20密封连接，以防止电解液的泄漏。端盖301本身也具有一定的强度，以保证自身的形状、结构的稳定，同时能保证阻挡装置302安装的可靠性。端盖301的制造材料可以与壳体20相同。示例性的，可以使用铜、铝、铁、不锈钢、铝合金等材料制造端盖301。注液孔303设于端盖301上，注液孔303贯穿端盖301的厚度方向并与壳体20内部的空间连通。注液时，注液孔303与注液装置连接，将电解液注入至壳体20中。在化成过程中，注液孔303与负压机构连接，以排出壳体20内多余的气体。
阻挡装置302设置在电池单体7内，与端盖301连接。阻挡装置302可以是直接覆盖在注液孔303下方的板状结构，或者阻挡装置302与注液孔303之间可以设有间隙。阻挡装置302可以采用塑胶进行制造，也可以为树脂、塑料材质、橡胶或金属材料。并且，制造阻挡装置302的材料需要耐电解液腐蚀以及耐高温，以防止在化成过程中被电解液腐蚀或者被高温熔化。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，通过在注液孔303下方设置阻挡装置302，在电池单体7的化成过程中，对电解液进行阻挡以防止电解液直接从注液孔303中流出，有效降低化成过程中电解液的损失。并且，在通过 注液孔303进行注液时，阻挡装置302还能对注液进行缓冲，防止注入的电解液直接喷射至电极组件11造成电极组件11的移位或者变形，提升注液过程的安全性。通过设置阻挡板305，能够至少阻挡部分电解液从注液孔303中流出。并且在阻挡板305上设置通气孔304，将电池单体7内部的气体排出。上述的结构能在保证气体正常排出的同时，减小电解液的损失。并且阻挡板305结构简单，制造便利，能应用于大多数注液孔303的结构。
在一些实施例中，阻挡板305可以贴合于端盖301设置，通气孔304的数量可以为多个，多个通气孔304均设置在注液孔303下方，且通气孔304的孔径小于注液孔303的孔径，因此上述实施例中，可以对注液孔303流向壳体20内电解液的流速进行一定的缓冲，同时达到顺利排气的效果。
在本申请的一些实施例中，阻挡板305朝向端盖301的一侧具有容纳腔306，容纳腔306在端盖301上的正投影至少部分覆盖注液孔303。可选地，容纳腔306在端盖301上的正投影完全覆盖注液孔303。容纳腔306形成于阻挡板305以及端盖301之间，容纳腔306分别与注液孔303以及通气孔304连通。容纳腔306可以是注液孔303以及通气孔304之间的缓冲空间。
通过设置容纳腔306，能够在化成过程中，暂时储存部分回流的电解液或者冷凝的电解液气体，并通过通气孔304流回到壳体20内，降低电解液的损失。并且，容纳腔306在注液过程中能容纳电解液，防止注入的电解液直接朝向电极组件11喷射，减小电解液对电极组件11的冲击损伤。
在本申请的一些实施例中，如图5所示，阻挡板305包括侧板307 以及底板308，侧板307围绕于注液孔303的外周设置，底板308连接侧板307并与注液孔303相对设置，侧板307以及底板308围合成筒状的容纳腔306。
在电池单体7注入电解液后，需要使用密封钉密封注液孔303。密封钉与注液孔303之间可以通过焊接等连接方式。但是电池单体7移动或受到外部冲击作用时，密封钉有可能脱落。脱落的密封钉在化成过程中移动会与阻挡装置302之间形成摩擦，从而造成阻挡装置302的损坏。当阻挡装置302被磨损出较大尺寸的通孔，密封钉通过通孔进入壳体20内部会对电极组件11造成损坏。
因此，设置筒状的容纳腔306，其形状与密封钉相似，能够容纳并防止密封钉移动。因此本申请中的筒状容纳腔306能够防止密封钉掉落至壳体20中，并且避免在注液或者化成抽真空过程中的移动造成的对阻挡板305的损伤，提升阻挡装置302的安全性。
在本申请的一些实施例中，通气孔304的数量为多个。在阻挡板305上设置多个通气孔304，能增大气体排出的面积，能提升化成过程中气体排出的效率。
在本申请的一些实施例中，多个通气孔304均匀间隔设于阻挡板305上。上述的结构，气体能够在阻挡板305上均匀排出，保证阻挡板305受力的均衡，同时提升排气的效率延长阻挡板305使用寿命。
在一些实施例中，阻挡装置302包括沿第一方向X依次设置的第一阻挡板309、第二阻挡板310以及第三阻挡板311。第一阻挡板309以及第二阻挡板310均为半球形结构，半球形结构占用的空间较小，能有效减少阻挡装置302在壳体20内部占用的空间。第三阻挡板311为圆筒形结构，能够在阻挡电解液流失的同时容纳密封钉。
在一些实施例中，沿第一方向X，多块阻挡板305的直径依次减小。可以理解的是，第一阻挡板309、第二阻挡板310以及第三阻挡板311的也可以设置为形状相似尺寸不同的结构。例如可以将第一阻挡板309、第二阻挡板310以及第三阻挡板311均设置为筒状结构，或者将第一阻挡板309、第二阻挡板310以及第三阻挡板311均设置为半球形或半椭球形结构等。上述的结构均可以按照实际使用的情况进行选择，在此不做限制。
本申请的实施例中，通过设置多块阻挡板305，对化成过程中电解液的排出进行多重阻挡，进一步强化减小电解液损失的效果。同时，在注液过程中，多次对注入的电解液进行缓冲降速，达到保护电极组件11的目的。
在本申请的一些实施例中，沿第一方向X，多块阻挡板305的直径依次减小。阻挡板305均设置为半球形结构，多个层叠设置的阻挡板305的直径依次减小。可选地，多个阻挡板305的圆心位于同一条直线上。
上述的结构能够对容纳腔306进行分割，保证相邻两块阻挡板305之间均具有一定的容纳空间，以提升排气效率，同时，能够便于阻挡板305的周向分别与端盖301进行连接，提升阻挡装置302安装的可靠性。
在本申请的一些实施例中，阻挡板305的数量Q的范围：2≤Q≤5。阻挡板305的数量设置少于2块，阻挡电解液的效果不明显，注液孔303处的电解液还是会有一定的损失。阻挡块的数量设置多于5块，占用电池单体7内部空间较大，无法安装。因此通过设置合理数量的阻挡板305，能够在保证阻挡效果的同时，降低端盖组件30的重量，保证电池单体7的能量密度。
在本申请的一些实施例中，相邻的两块阻挡板305上的通气孔304 交错设置。通过设置交错的通气孔304，延长电解液在相邻阻挡板305之间流动的路径，降低电解液排出的速度。同时，还能延长蒸发的电解液气体的流动路径，提升汽化电极液的冷凝效率，进一步降低电解液的损失。
在本申请的一些实施例中，每块阻挡板305上的通气孔304的孔径相等，沿第一方向X，多块阻挡板305上的通气孔304的孔径依次减小。通气孔304的孔径设置，沿着电解液排出的方向孔径逐渐减小，能够逐渐增大电解液排出的阻力，减小电解液的排出量。
在本申请的一些实施例中，如图7所示，阻挡装置302还包括设于容纳腔306内的吸液组件312，吸液组件312具有多孔结构。吸液组件312能够将飞溅的电解液进行吸收或阻挡，一部分电解液回流至壳体20内，一部分电解液被暂时吸收吸液组件312的多孔结构中。通过在容纳腔306内设置吸液组件312，能将电解液暂时储存在吸液组件312的孔中，电解液在完成化成过程后回流，减少化成过程中电解液损耗。
在本申请的一些实施例中，吸液组件312包括设于阻挡板305与注液孔303之间的第一吸液件313，第一吸液件313的表面设有多个吸液孔，第一吸液件313的尺寸大于注液孔303的孔径。
第一吸液件313可使用耐电解液腐蚀以及耐高温材料制造，以避免电解液将其腐蚀，或者防止化成过程中熔化。例如，第一吸液件313可以采用塑胶进行制造，也可以为树脂、塑料材质、橡胶或金属材料。示例性的，当采用金属铝材进行制造时，可以将铝材制成规则或不规则的形状的第一吸液件313，同时在铝材的表面可以设置多个内凹的吸液孔以吸收电解液。
上述的结构，通过设置多孔结构的第一吸液件313能增加阻挡装置302吸收电解液的能力，提升阻挡电解液流失的效果。并且设置第一吸液 件313的尺寸大于注液孔303的孔径，能够避免第一吸液件313从注液孔303中排出。
在本申请的一些实施例中，吸液组件312包括设于相邻的两块阻挡板305之间的第二吸液件314，第二吸液件314的表面设有多个吸液孔，吸液组件312的尺寸大于两块阻挡板305上的通气孔304的孔径。
第二吸液件314需要使用耐电解液腐蚀以及耐高温材料制造，以避免电解液将其腐蚀，或者防止化成过程中熔化。例如，第二吸液件314可以采用塑胶进行制造，也可以为树脂、塑料材质、橡胶或金属材料。示例性的，当采用金属铝材进行制造时，可以将铝材制成规则或不规则的形状的第二吸液件314，同时在铝材的表面可以设置多个内凹的吸液孔以吸收电解液。
上述的结构，通过设置多孔结构的第二吸液件314能增加阻挡装置302吸收电解液的能力，提升阻挡电解液流失的效果。设置第二吸液件314的尺寸大于通气孔304的孔径，能够避免第二吸液件314从通气孔304中掉落，防止第二吸液件314对电极组件11造成损坏。
本申请的实施例还提供了一种电池单体7，包括端盖组件30。端盖组件30包括端盖301以及阻挡装置302。端盖301具有注液孔303；阻挡装置302设于端盖301朝向电池单体7的电极组件11的一侧且至少部分覆盖注液孔303，阻挡装置302具有通气孔304，通气孔304用于将注液孔303和位于阻挡装置302背离端盖301一侧的空间连通。
本申请的实施例还提供了一种电池2，请参考图2以及图4，电池2包括：上述任一实施例中的电池单体7。
本申请的实施例还提供了一种用电装置，用电装置包括上述任一实施例中的电池2，电池2用于提供电能。
由于上述的电池2以及用电装置中，均设置了本申请中的端盖组件30。因此能够具备如下的技术效果：
本申请实施例提供的电池2以及用电装置中，通过在注液孔303下方设置阻挡装置302，能够在化成过程中，对电解液进行阻挡以防止电解液直接从注液孔303中流出。并且，在注液孔303进行注液时，防止注入的液体直接喷射至电极组件11造成电极组件11的移位或者变形，提升注液过程的安全性。
虽然已经参考优选实施例对本申请进行了描述，但在不脱离本申请的范围的情况下，可以对其进行各种改进并且可以用等效物替换其中的部件，尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种端盖组件，包括：
    端盖，具有注液孔；
    阻挡装置，设于所述端盖朝向电池单体的电极组件的一侧且至少部分覆盖所述注液孔，所述阻挡装置具有通气孔，所述通气孔用于将所述注液孔和位于所述阻挡装置背离所述端盖一侧的空间连通，所述阻挡装置包括阻挡板，所述阻挡板与所述端盖连接，所述阻挡板上设有贯穿的所述通气孔，所述阻挡板的数量为多块，多块所述阻挡板沿第一方向间隔设置，所述第一方向为沿所述电极组件朝向所述端盖的方向。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的端盖组件，其中，所述阻挡板朝向所述端盖的一侧具有容纳腔，所述容纳腔在所述端盖上的正投影至少部分覆盖所述注液孔。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的端盖组件，其中，所述阻挡板包括侧板以及底板，所述侧板围绕于所述注液孔的外周设置，所述底板连接所述侧板并与所述注液孔相对设置，所述侧板以及所述底板围合成筒状的所述容纳腔。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的端盖组件，其中，所述通气孔的数量为多个。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的端盖组件，其中，多个所述通气孔均匀间隔设于所述阻挡板上。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的端盖组件，其中，沿所述第一方向，多块所述阻挡板的直径依次减小。
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的端盖组件，其中，所述阻挡板的数量Q的范围：2≤Q≤5。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的端盖组件，其特征在于，相邻的两块所述阻挡板上的所述通气孔交错设置。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的端盖组件，其中，每块所述阻挡板上的所述通气孔的孔径相等，沿所述第一方向，多块所述阻挡板上的通气孔的孔径依次减小。
  10. 根据权利要求2至3、5至9中任一项所述的端盖组件，其特征在于，所述阻挡装置还包括设于所述容纳腔内的吸液组件，所述吸液组件具有多孔结构。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的端盖组件，其中，所述吸液组件包括设于所述阻挡板与所述注液孔之间的第一吸液件，所述第一吸液件的表面设有多个吸液孔，所述第一吸液件的尺寸大于所述注液孔的孔径。
  12. 根据权利要求10所述的端盖组件，其中，所述吸液组件包括设于相邻的两块所述阻挡板之间的第二吸液件，所述第二吸液件的表面设有多个吸液孔，所述吸液组件的尺寸大于两块所述阻挡板上的所述通气孔的孔径。
  13. 一种电池单体，包括如权利要求1至12中任一项所述的端盖组件。
  14. 一种电池，包括如权利要求13所述的电池单体。
  15. 一种用电装置，所述用电装置包括如权利要求14所述的电池，所述电池用于提供电能。
PCT/CN2022/110605 2022-07-07 2022-08-05 端盖组件、电池单体、电池以及用电装置 WO2024007411A1 (zh)

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