WO2023220887A1 - 端盖、电池单体、电池及用电设备 - Google Patents

端盖、电池单体、电池及用电设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023220887A1
WO2023220887A1 PCT/CN2022/093137 CN2022093137W WO2023220887A1 WO 2023220887 A1 WO2023220887 A1 WO 2023220887A1 CN 2022093137 W CN2022093137 W CN 2022093137W WO 2023220887 A1 WO2023220887 A1 WO 2023220887A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pressure relief
cover body
groove
distance
groove section
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/093137
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
周文林
徐良帆
吴宁生
李全坤
王鹏
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2022/093137 priority Critical patent/WO2023220887A1/zh
Priority to EP22922541.2A priority patent/EP4300693A1/en
Priority to US18/351,174 priority patent/US20230369712A1/en
Publication of WO2023220887A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023220887A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/342—Non-re-sealable arrangements
    • H01M50/3425—Non-re-sealable arrangements in the form of rupturable membranes or weakened parts, e.g. pierced with the aid of a sharp member
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/103—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure prismatic or rectangular
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H01M50/148—Lids or covers characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/15—Lids or covers characterised by their shape for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H01M50/148—Lids or covers characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/152—Lids or covers characterised by their shape for cells having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H01M2200/20—Pressure-sensitive devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery technology, specifically, to an end cap, a battery cell, a battery and electrical equipment.
  • batteries are used more and more widely, such as in mobile phones, laptops, battery cars, electric cars, electric airplanes, electric ships, electric toy cars, electric toy ships, electric toy airplanes and electric tools, etc. superior.
  • the battery cell As an energy storage element, the battery cell generally outputs electrical energy through a chemical reaction between the electrode assembly and the electrolyte.
  • the impact resistance of the end cover directly affects the service life of the battery cell. Therefore, how to improve the impact resistance of the end cap is an urgent problem in battery technology.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide an end cover, battery cells, batteries and electrical equipment, which can effectively improve the impact resistance of the end cover.
  • inventions of the present application provide an end cover.
  • the end cover includes a cover body and a pressure relief groove.
  • the pressure relief groove is provided on the cover body.
  • the pressure relief groove defines a pressure relief area; wherein the length direction of the pressure relief area is equal to The width direction of the cover body is consistent.
  • the length direction of the pressure relief area is consistent with the width direction of the cover body.
  • the short side of the pressure relief groove of the end cover is a stress concentration area.
  • the long side of the pressure relief groove of the end cover becomes a stress concentration area, which makes the stress concentration area of the end cover inconsistent under two different working conditions, which enhances the impact resistance of the end cover and improves the battery cell performance. body service life.
  • the ratio of the distance from the pressure relief groove to the edge of the cover body and the width of the cover body is 0.05-0.3. Setting the ratio of the distance from the pressure relief groove in the width direction of the cover body to the edge of the cover body to the width of the cover body within a reasonable range can reduce the risk of the pressure relief area being caused by the distance from the pressure relief groove to the edge of the cover body being too small. Stress concentration occurs near the edge of the cover body, which leads to the risk of reducing the explosion pressure of the end cover. This can also reduce the risk of the pressure relief area being located at the edge of the cover body due to the excessive distance between the pressure relief groove and the edge of the cover body. The smaller dimensions in the width direction may affect the pressure relief efficiency of the end cover.
  • the ratio of the distance from the pressure relief groove to the edge of the cover body and the width of the cover body is 0.1-0.25. In this way, the risk of stress concentration in the pressure relief area close to the edge of the cover body in the width direction of the cover body is further reduced, and the pressure relief efficiency of the end cover is ensured.
  • the distance from the pressure relief groove to two opposite edges of the cover body is equal.
  • the pressure relief groove is arranged centrally in the width direction of the cover body, which facilitates the pressure relief zone to be opened in time to relieve pressure when the battery cell is thermally out of control.
  • the cover body partially protrudes along the thickness direction of the cover body to form a convex portion, and there is a distance between the convex portion and the edge of the cover body along the width direction of the cover body; wherein the pressure relief groove is provided on the convex portion.
  • the cover body partially protrudes along the thickness direction of the cover body to form a convex portion.
  • the side of the cover body opposite to the convex portion in the thickness direction will correspondingly form a recessed space.
  • it can accommodate the internal components of the battery cell, which is beneficial to lifting.
  • the energy density of the battery cell on the other hand, can improve the bending strength of the end cover and improve the impact resistance of the end cover.
  • the pressure relief groove is provided with a convex portion, it is convenient for the pressure relief area to be opened in time to relieve pressure when the battery cell thermally runs out of control.
  • the ratio of the distance from the protrusion to the edge of the cover body and the width of the cover body is 0.005-0.25.
  • the ratio of the distance between the convex part in the width direction of the cover body and the edge of the cover body and the width of the cover body is set within a reasonable range to ensure that there is a distance between the convex part in the width direction of the cover body and the edge of the cover body, which facilitates the installation of the end cap. fixed.
  • the distance between the convex part in the width direction of the cover body and the edge of the cover body will not be too large, so that the convex part has a larger size in the width direction of the cover body, and large-size can be arranged on the cover body.
  • the pressure relief groove ensures the pressure relief efficiency of the end cover.
  • the distance from the protrusion to two opposite edges of the cover body is equal.
  • a recess is provided at one end of the convex portion protruding from the cover body, and the pressure relief groove is provided on the bottom surface of the recess. It can effectively reduce the difficulty of forming the pressure relief groove.
  • the difference between the distance from the pressure relief groove to the edge of the cover body and the distance from the recess to the edge of the cover body is 1-10 mm. This allows a certain distance between the pressure relief groove and the side wall of the recess in the width direction of the cover body, thereby reducing the manufacturing difficulty of the pressure relief groove.
  • the distance between the pressure relief groove and the side wall of the recess in the width direction of the cover body will not be too large, so that the pressure relief area has a larger size in the width direction of the cover body, thereby improving the pressure relief efficiency of the end cover.
  • the pressure relief groove is a closed groove extending along a closed trajectory. In this way, after the pressure relief area is opened, the cover body can form a larger opening at a position corresponding to the pressure relief area, thereby improving the pressure relief efficiency.
  • the pressure relief groove includes a first groove section, a second groove section, a third groove section and a fourth groove section connected end to end; along the length direction of the cover body, the first groove section and the third groove section
  • the first groove section and the third groove section are arranged oppositely, and the maximum distance between the first groove section and the third groove section is the first distance; along the width direction of the cover body, the second groove section and the fourth groove section are arranged oppositely, and the second groove section and the fourth groove section are arranged oppositely.
  • the minimum distance between them is the second distance; where the second distance is greater than the first distance.
  • the pressure relief area defined by the pressure relief groove of this structure has a large pressure relief area, is simple in structure, and is easy to be formed and manufactured.
  • the second groove section and the fourth groove section are arc grooves; and/or the first groove section and the third groove section are linear grooves extending along the width direction of the cover body.
  • the second groove section and the fourth groove section are arc grooves, and the cover body forms a weak point at the middle position of the second groove section and the fourth groove section.
  • the weak position is the first opening position of the pressure relief area, making the pressure relief area
  • the pressure zone can be opened in time when the explosion pressure inside the battery cell is reached.
  • the first groove section and the third groove section are linear grooves extending along the width direction of the cover body, so that the first groove section and the third groove section are arranged in parallel, and the cover body is split along the second groove section and the fourth groove section. Afterwards, it can be opened more easily along the first groove section and the third groove section, thereby increasing the opening rate of the pressure relief area and achieving rapid pressure relief.
  • the distance from the pressure relief groove to two opposite edges of the cover body is equal.
  • the pressure relief groove is arranged centrally in the length direction of the cover body, so that the pressure relief zone can be opened in time to relieve pressure when the battery cell is thermally out of control.
  • embodiments of the present application provide a battery cell, including a case, an electrode assembly, and an end cap provided in any one of the embodiments of the first aspect; the case has an opening; the electrode assembly is accommodated in the case; and the end cap is closed Open your mouth.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a battery, including a box and a battery cell provided in any embodiment of the second aspect, and the battery cell is accommodated in the box.
  • the box body has a bottom wall, and the end cover is disposed on a side of the battery unit facing the bottom wall.
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides an electrical device, including the battery provided in any embodiment of the third aspect.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 2 is an exploded view of a battery provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 3 is an exploded view of a battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 4 is an isometric view of the end cap shown in Figure 3;
  • Figure 5 is a top view of the end cap shown in Figure 4.
  • Figure 6 is a partial enlarged view of end cap A shown in Figure 5.
  • Icon 10-box; 11-first part; 12-second part; 20-battery cell; 21-casing; 22-electrode assembly; 221-positive ear; 222-negative ear; 23-end cover; 231 - cover body; 2311-convex portion; 232-pressure relief groove; 2321-first groove section; 2322-second groove section; 2323-third groove section; 2324-fourth groove section; 233-pressure relief area; 234 - recess; 24-electrode terminal; 24a-positive electrode terminal; 24b-negative electrode terminal; 25-current collecting member; 100-battery; 200-controller; 300-motor; 1000-vehicle; X-length direction of the cover body ; Y-the width direction of the cover body; Z-the thickness direction of the cover body.
  • an embodiment means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the application.
  • the appearances of this phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense.
  • connection can be a fixed connection, It can also be detachably connected or integrally connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be internal communication between two components.
  • connection can be a fixed connection
  • connection can also be detachably connected or integrally connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be internal communication between two components.
  • connection can also be detachably connected or integrally connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be internal communication between two components.
  • “Plural” appearing in this application means two or more (including two).
  • the battery cells may include lithium ion secondary batteries, lithium ion primary batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, sodium lithium ion batteries, sodium ion batteries or magnesium ion batteries, etc., which are not limited in the embodiments of this application.
  • the battery cell may be in the shape of a cylinder, a flat body, a rectangular parallelepiped or other shapes, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.
  • Battery cells are generally divided into three types according to packaging methods: cylindrical battery cells, square battery cells and soft-pack battery cells, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.
  • the battery mentioned in the embodiments of this application refers to a single physical module including one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the battery mentioned in this application may include a battery module or a battery pack.
  • Batteries generally include a box for packaging one or more battery cells. The box can prevent liquid or other foreign matter from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells.
  • the battery cell includes an electrode assembly and an electrolyte.
  • the electrode assembly consists of a positive electrode sheet, a negative electrode sheet and a separator. Battery cells mainly rely on the movement of metal ions between the positive and negative electrodes to work.
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer.
  • the positive electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive electrode current collector.
  • the positive electrode current collector that is not coated with the positive electrode active material layer protrudes from the positive electrode current collector that is coated with the positive electrode active material layer.
  • the cathode current collector without coating the cathode active material layer serves as the cathode tab.
  • the material of the positive electrode current collector can be aluminum, and the positive electrode active material can be lithium cobalt oxide, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium or lithium manganate, etc.
  • the negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer.
  • the negative electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the negative electrode current collector.
  • the negative electrode current collector that is not coated with the negative electrode active material layer protrudes from the negative electrode current collector that is coated with the negative electrode active material layer.
  • the negative electrode current collector that is not coated with the negative electrode active material layer is used as the negative electrode tab.
  • the material of the negative electrode current collector can be copper, and the negative electrode active material can be carbon or silicon.
  • the number of positive electrode lugs is multiple and stacked together, and the number of negative electrode lugs is multiple and stacked together.
  • the material of the isolation film can be PP (polypropylene, polypropylene) or PE (polyethylene, polyethylene), etc.
  • the electrode assembly may have a wound structure or a laminated structure, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto.
  • a pressure relief structure can be set on the end cover of the battery cell.
  • a pressure relief groove can be set on the end cover, and the pressure relief groove defines a pressure relief area. When the internal pressure of the battery cell reaches the detonation pressure, the pressure relief area is opened to release the pressure inside the battery cell to reduce the risk of battery cell explosion and fire.
  • the pressure relief area of the end cover may open abnormally when the internal pressure of the battery cell has not reached the detonation pressure.
  • the inventor further studied and found that the pressure relief area defined by the pressure relief groove of the end cover is generally a long strip structure, and the length direction of the pressure relief area is consistent with the length direction of the cover body.
  • its internal pressure will change with the change of ambient temperature.
  • the pressure inside the battery cell increases.
  • the end cover The short side of the end cover in the pressure relief groove is the stress concentration area.
  • the impact force acts on the outside of the end cover, and the end cover is still a stress concentration area at the short side of the pressure relief groove.
  • the stress concentration area of the end cover is always at the short side of the pressure relief groove.
  • the end cover is easily damaged at the short side of the pressure relief groove, resulting in The end cap has insufficient impact resistance.
  • the end cover is prone to fatigue at the short side of the pressure relief groove, causing the end cover to be at the short side of the pressure relief groove.
  • the short side is cracked, and the pressure relief area of the end cover is abnormally opened, which affects the service life of the battery cell.
  • an end cover which includes a cover body and a pressure relief groove.
  • the pressure relief groove is provided on the cover body.
  • the pressure relief groove defines a pressure relief area.
  • the length direction of the pressure relief area is consistent with the width direction of the cover body. consistent.
  • the length direction of the pressure relief area is consistent with the width direction of the cover body.
  • the short side of the pressure relief groove of the end cover is a stress concentration area.
  • the long side of the end cover in the pressure relief groove becomes a stress concentration area, which makes the stress concentration area of the end cover inconsistent under two different working conditions, which enhances the impact resistance of the end cover and improves The service life of the battery cells.
  • the end caps described in the embodiments of this application are suitable for battery cells, batteries, and electrical equipment using batteries.
  • Power-consuming devices can be vehicles, mobile phones, portable devices, laptops, ships, spacecraft, electric toys and power tools, etc.
  • Vehicles can be fuel vehicles, gas vehicles or new energy vehicles, and new energy vehicles can be pure electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles or extended-range vehicles, etc.
  • spacecraft include aircraft, rockets, space shuttles, spaceships, etc.
  • electric toys include fixed Type or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric ship toys and electric airplane toys, etc.
  • electric tools include metal cutting electric tools, grinding electric tools, assembly electric tools and railway electric tools, for example, Electric drills, electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators, planers and more.
  • Electric drills Electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators, planers and more.
  • the following embodiments take the electrical equipment as a vehicle as an example.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle 1000 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery 100 is disposed inside the vehicle 1000 , and the battery 100 may be disposed at the bottom, head, or tail of the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 may be used to power the vehicle 1000 , for example, the battery 100 may serve as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000 .
  • the vehicle 1000 may also include a controller 200 and a motor 300 .
  • the controller 200 is used to control the battery 100 to provide power to the motor 300 , for example, for starting, navigating and driving the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 can not only be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000 , but can also be used as a driving power source for the vehicle 1000 , replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1000 .
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded view of a battery 100 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery 100 includes a box 10 and a battery cell 20 .
  • the box 10 is used to accommodate the battery cell 20 .
  • the box 10 is a component that accommodates the battery cells 20.
  • the box 10 provides a storage space for the battery cells 20.
  • the box 10 can adopt a variety of structures.
  • the box 10 may include a first part 11 and a second part 12 , and the first part 11 and the second part 12 cover each other to define an accommodation space for accommodating the battery cells 20 .
  • the first part 11 and the second part 12 can be in various shapes, such as cuboid, cylinder, etc.
  • the first part 11 may be a hollow structure open on one side, and the second part 12 may also be a hollow structure open on one side.
  • the open side of the second part 12 is covered with the open side of the first part 11 to form a box with accommodating space.
  • the first part 11 may be a hollow structure with one side open
  • the second part 12 may be a plate-like structure
  • the second part 12 covers the open side of the first part 11 to form a box 10 with an accommodation space.
  • the first part 11 and the second part 12 can be sealed by sealing elements, which can be sealing rings, sealants, etc.
  • the battery 100 there may be one battery cell 20 or a plurality of battery cells 20. If there are multiple battery cells 20 , the multiple battery cells 20 can be connected in series, in parallel, or in mixed connection. Mixed connection means that the multiple battery cells 20 are both connected in series and in parallel. Multiple battery cells 20 may be first connected in series, parallel, or mixed to form a battery module, and then multiple battery modules may be connected in series, parallel, or mixed to form a whole, and be accommodated in the box 10 . It is also possible that all the battery cells 20 are directly connected in series or in parallel or mixed together, and then the entire battery cell 20 is accommodated in the box 10 .
  • the battery 100 may further include a bus component, through which the multiple battery cells 20 may be electrically connected to achieve series, parallel, or mixed connection of the multiple battery cells 20 .
  • the bus component can be a metal conductor, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, etc.
  • FIG. 3 is an exploded view of a battery cell 20 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cell 20 includes a case 21 , an electrode assembly 22 , an end cap 23 , an electrode terminal 24 and a current collecting member 25 .
  • the housing 21 is a component used to accommodate the electrode assembly 22.
  • the housing 21 may be a hollow structure with an opening formed at one end.
  • the housing 21 may be a hollow structure with openings formed at two opposite ends.
  • the housing 21 can be in various shapes, such as cylinder, rectangular parallelepiped, etc.
  • the housing 21 can be made of various materials, such as copper, iron, aluminum, steel, aluminum alloy, etc.
  • the electrode assembly 22 is a component in the battery cell 20 where electrochemical reactions occur.
  • the electrode assembly 22 may include a positive electrode sheet, a negative electrode sheet, and a separator.
  • the electrode assembly 22 may be a roll structure formed by winding a positive electrode sheet, a separator film and a negative electrode sheet, or may be a laminated structure formed by a stacked arrangement of positive electrode sheets, separator films and negative electrode sheets.
  • the electrode assembly 22 has a positive electrode tab 221 and a negative electrode tab 222.
  • the positive electrode tab 221 may be a portion of the positive electrode sheet that is not coated with a positive electrode active material layer
  • the negative electrode tab 222 may be a portion of the negative electrode sheet that is not coated with a negative electrode active material layer.
  • the end cap 23 is a component that closes the opening of the case 21 to isolate the internal environment of the battery cell 20 from the external environment.
  • the end cap 23 and the housing 21 jointly define a sealed space for accommodating the electrode assembly 22, electrolyte and other components.
  • the shape of the end cover 23 can be adapted to the shape of the housing 21 .
  • the housing 21 has a rectangular parallelepiped structure, and the end cover 23 has a rectangular structure matching the housing 21 .
  • the end cap 23 can also be made of various materials, such as copper, iron, aluminum, steel, aluminum alloy, etc.
  • the end cover 23 can be fixed to the housing 21 by welding.
  • the housing 21 is a hollow structure with an opening formed at one end, a corresponding end cap 23 can be provided. If the housing 21 is a hollow structure with openings formed at both ends, two end caps 23 can be provided correspondingly, and the two end caps 23 respectively close the two openings of the housing 21 .
  • the electrode terminal 24 is a component that connects the battery cell 20 to other components to output the electric energy of the battery cell 20 .
  • the electrode terminal 24 is disposed on the end cover 23 and is used for electrical connection with the positive electrode lug 221 or the negative electrode lug 222 of the electrode assembly 22 .
  • two electrode terminals 24 may be provided in the battery cell 20, two electrode terminals 24 may be provided.
  • the two electrode terminals 24 are a positive electrode terminal 24a and a negative electrode terminal 24b respectively.
  • the positive electrode terminal 24a is used for electrical connection with the positive electrode lug 221, and the negative electrode terminal 24b For electrical connection with the negative ear 222.
  • the positive electrode terminal 24 a and the negative electrode terminal 24 b can be provided on the same end cap 23 , or the positive electrode terminal 24 a and the negative electrode terminal 24 b can be separated. Set on two end caps 23. As shown in FIG. 3 , in an embodiment where there is one end cap 23 in the battery cell 20 , the positive electrode terminal 24 a and the negative electrode terminal 24 b can be disposed on the same end cap 23 .
  • the current collecting member 25 is a component that realizes electrical connection between the tab and the electrode terminal 24 .
  • the positive electrode terminal 24 a can be connected to the end cover 24 through a current collecting member 25 .
  • the positive electrode tab 221 is connected, and the negative electrode terminal 24b can be connected to the negative electrode tab 222 through another current collecting member 25 .
  • Figure 4 is an isometric view of the end cap 23 shown in Figure 3;
  • Figure 5 is a top view of the end cap 23 shown in Figure 4.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides an end cover 23.
  • the end cover 23 includes a cover body 231 and a pressure relief groove 232.
  • the pressure relief groove 232 is provided on the cover body 231.
  • the pressure relief groove 232 defines a pressure relief area 233.
  • the pressure relief area 233 is The length direction is consistent with the width direction Y of the cover body.
  • the cover body 231 is used to close the opening of the housing 21 .
  • the cover body 231 is in the shape of a strip. It can be understood that the length of the cover body 231 is greater than the width of the cover body 231 . Exemplarily, the cover body 231 is rectangular.
  • the pressure relief groove 232 can be formed by various methods, such as stamping forming, milling forming, etc.
  • the pressure relief groove 232 may be provided on the surface of the cover body 231 facing the inside of the housing 21 , or may be provided on the surface of the cover body 231 facing away from the housing 21 .
  • the cover body 231 has opposite inner and outer surfaces in the thickness direction.
  • the inner surface of the cover body 231 faces the inside of the casing 21 , and the outer surface of the cover body 231 is located away from the casing 21 .
  • the pressure relief groove 232 can be provided on the inner surface of the cover body 231 , or can also be provided on the outer surface of the cover body 231 .
  • the pressure relief area 233 is a portion of the cover body 231 defined by the pressure relief groove 232.
  • the pressure relief area 233 of the cover body 231 is opened to release the internal pressure of the battery cell 20. .
  • the cover body 231 can form an opening at a position corresponding to the pressure relief area 233 , and the emissions inside the battery cell 20 can be discharged through the opening.
  • the pressure relief area 233 is elongated. It can be understood that the length of the pressure relief area 233 is greater than the width of the pressure relief area 233 .
  • the pressure relief groove 232 may be a groove recessed from the surface of the cover body 231 along the thickness direction Z of the cover body, and the pressure relief area 233 is a portion of the cover body 231 defined by the inner surface of the groove. Taking the inner surface of the groove as a rectangular shape as an example, the pressure relief area 233 is a rectangular part of the cover body 231 defined by the inner surface of the pressure relief groove 232 .
  • the pressure relief groove 232 can also be a linear groove extending along the bending trajectory.
  • the bending trajectory is a U-shaped trajectory
  • the pressure relief area 233 is the U-shaped part of the cover body 231 defined by the bending trajectory; for another example, the bending trajectory is a U-shaped trajectory.
  • the bending trajectory is a rectangular trajectory
  • the pressure relief area 233 is a rectangular part of the cover body 231 defined by the bending trajectory. If the pressure relief groove 232 is a linear groove extending along a bending trajectory, when the internal pressure of the battery cell 20 reaches the detonation pressure, the pressure relief area 233 can be opened with the pressure relief groove 232 as a boundary to release the internal pressure of the battery cell 20 pressure.
  • the length direction of the pressure relief area 233 is consistent with the width direction Y of the cover body. It can be understood that the width direction of the pressure relief area 233 is consistent with the length direction X of the cover body.
  • the length direction of the pressure relief groove 232 is consistent with the length direction
  • the size in the length direction, the position of the end of the end cover 23 in the length direction of the pressure relief area 233 (the position where the end cover 23 is located on the short side of the pressure relief groove 232) is a stress concentration area; the outside of the end cover 23 is When an external impact force is applied to the battery cell 20, since the size of the cover body 231 in the width direction is smaller than the size in the length direction, the position of the pressure relief groove 232 at the end of the cover body in the length direction X is more likely to be damaged.
  • the position of the end of the end cover 23 in the length direction of the pressure relief area 233 (the position where the end cover 23 is located on the short side of the pressure relief groove 232) is a stress concentration area. Therefore, whether the force is applied to the inside of the end cover 23 or the force is applied to the outside of the end cover 23, the stress concentration area of the end cover 23 is at the short side of the pressure relief groove 232, and the end cover 23 is easily located at the short side of the pressure relief groove 232. is damaged, resulting in insufficient impact resistance of the end cover 23.
  • the length direction of the pressure relief area 233 is consistent with the width direction Y of the cover body.
  • the end cover 23 is on the short side of the pressure relief groove 232.
  • the position is the stress concentration area; when the outside of the end cover 23 is subjected to an impact force, the end position of the pressure relief groove 232 in the length direction
  • the stress concentration area makes the stress concentration area of the end cover 23 inconsistent under two different working conditions, which enhances the impact resistance of the end cover 23 and increases the service life of the battery cell 20 .
  • the ratio of the distance from the pressure relief groove 232 to the edge of the cover body 231 to the width of the cover body 231 is 0.05-0.3.
  • the distance from the pressure relief groove 232 to the edge of the cover body 231 is L 1
  • the width of the cover body 231 is L, so 0.05 ⁇ L 1 /L ⁇ 0.3.
  • the pressure relief groove 232 has two opposite ends, and the cover body 231 has two opposite edges. It can be understood that along the width direction Y of the cover body, the ratio of the distance from one end of the pressure relief groove 232 to an edge adjacent to the cover body 231 and the width of the cover body 231 is 0.05-0.3, and the other end of the pressure relief groove 232 to The ratio of the distance from the other edge of the cover body 231 to the width of the cover body 231 is also 0.05-0.3.
  • the pressure relief groove 232 is easily affected by the edge of the cover body 231.
  • the cover body 231 is at the edge position with the housing 21 Welding can easily cause stress concentration in the pressure relief zone 233 near the edge of the cover body 231, reducing the detonation pressure of the end cover.
  • the size of the pressure relief area 233 in the width direction Y of the cover body will be smaller, affecting the pressure relief efficiency of the end cover 23 .
  • the ratio of the distance from the pressure relief groove 232 in the width direction Y of the cover body to the edge of the cover body 231 and the width of the cover body 231 is set within a reasonable range, which can reduce the risk of pressure relief in the pressure relief area 233.
  • the distance between the groove 232 and the edge of the cover body 231 is too small and stress concentration occurs near the edge of the cover body 231 , resulting in a risk of reducing the detonation pressure of the end cover 23 .
  • An excessive distance from the edge of the cover body 231 may result in a smaller size of the pressure relief area 233 in the width direction Y of the cover body, thereby affecting the pressure relief efficiency of the end cover 23 .
  • the ratio of the distance from the pressure relief groove 232 to the edge of the cover body 231 and the width of the cover body 231 is 0.1-0.25.
  • the risk of stress concentration occurring in the pressure relief area 233 near the edge of the cover body 231 in the width direction Y of the cover body is further reduced, and the pressure relief efficiency of the end cover 23 is ensured.
  • the distance between the pressure relief groove 232 and two opposite edges of the cover body 231 is equal.
  • the distance from one end of the pressure relief groove 232 to an adjacent edge of the cover body 231 is equal to the distance from the other end of the pressure relief groove 232 to the other edge of the cover body 231 .
  • the pressure relief groove 232 is centrally located in the width direction Y of the cover body, so that the pressure relief area 233 can be opened in time to release pressure when the battery cell 20 is thermally out of control.
  • the cover body 231 partially protrudes along the thickness direction Z of the cover body to form a convex portion 2311.
  • the convex portion 2311 is connected to the edge of the cover body 231. There is distance.
  • the pressure relief groove 232 is provided on the convex portion 2311.
  • the convex portion 2311 is a portion of the cover body 231 that partially protrudes toward the outside of the cover body 231 .
  • the outside of the cover body 231 is the side away from the housing 21 after the cover body 231 closes the opening of the housing 21 . It can be understood that along the thickness direction Z of the cover body, the cover body 231 partially protrudes in a direction away from the housing 21 to form a convex portion 2311.
  • the convex portion 2311 on the cover body 231 can be formed in various ways.
  • the convex portion 2311 can be formed by stamping. When the cover body 231 is punched, a recessed space will be formed on the inside of the cover body 231 , and a corresponding convex portion 2311 will be formed on the outside of the cover body 231 .
  • the shape of the convex part 2311 can be the same as the shape of the cover body 231.
  • the cover body 231 and the convex part 2311 are both rectangular, the length direction The width direction of the portion 2311 is the same.
  • the electrode terminal 24 can be installed on the protruding portion 2311 .
  • the convex portion 2311 has two opposite edges
  • the cover body 231 has two opposite edges
  • the distance between the two edges of the convex portion 2311 is smaller than the two edges of the cover body 231 .
  • the distance between edges there is a distance between one edge of the convex portion 2311 and an adjacent edge of the cover body 231 , and there is a distance between the other edge of the convex portion 2311 and the other edge of the cover body 231 .
  • the cover body 231 partially protrudes along the thickness direction Z of the cover body to form a convex portion 2311.
  • the side of the cover body 231 opposite to the convex portion 2311 in the thickness direction will correspondingly form a recessed space.
  • it can Accommodating the internal components of the battery cell 20 , such as the tabs of the electrode assembly 22 , is beneficial to improving the energy density of the battery cell 20 .
  • it can improve the bending strength of the end cover 23 and the impact resistance of the end cover 23 ability.
  • the pressure relief groove 232 is provided with the convex portion 2311, it is convenient for the pressure relief area 233 to be opened in time to release pressure when the battery cell 20 is thermally out of control.
  • the ratio of the distance from the protrusion 2311 to the edge of the cover body 231 to the width of the cover body 231 is 0.005-0.25.
  • the distance from the convex portion 2311 to the edge of the cover body 231 is L 2 , then 0.005 ⁇ L 2 /L ⁇ 0.25.
  • the ratio of the distance from one edge of the convex portion 2311 to an adjacent edge of the cover body 231 and the width of the cover body 231 is 0.005-0.25; the other edge of the convex portion 2311 to The ratio of the distance from the other edge of the cover body 231 to the width of the cover body 231 is also 0.005-0.25.
  • the ratio of the distance from the convex portion 2311 in the width direction Y of the cover body to the edge of the cover body 231 and the width of the cover body 231 is set within a reasonable range to ensure that the convex portion 2311 is in the width direction Y of the cover body.
  • the distance between the convex part 2311 in the width direction Y of the cover body and the edge of the cover body 231 will not be too large, so that the convex part 2311 has a larger size in the width direction Y of the cover body, and can be used in the cover body.
  • a large-sized pressure relief groove 232 is arranged on the body 231 to ensure the pressure relief efficiency of the end cover 23.
  • the distance between the protrusion 2311 and two opposite edges of the cover body 231 is equal.
  • the distance from one edge of the protrusion 2311 to an adjacent edge of the cover body 231 is equal to the distance from the other edge of the protrusion 2311 to the other edge of the cover body 231 .
  • the convex portion 2311 is centrally located in the width direction Y of the cover body, which can further improve the bending strength of the end cover 23 .
  • a recess 234 is provided at one end of the convex portion 2311 protruding from the cover body 231 , and the pressure relief groove 232 is provided on the bottom surface of the recess 234 .
  • the end of the convex portion 2311 protruding from the cover body 231 is the end of the convex portion 2311 away from the housing 21 .
  • This end has an end surface, and the recessed portion 234 is recessed from the end surface along the thickness direction Z of the cover body, so that the recessed portion 234 moves closer to the housing 21 direction is depressed.
  • the bottom surface of the recess 234 is the surface at the deepest position of the recess 234 in the depth direction.
  • the shape of the recess 234 is not particularly limited.
  • the recess 234 is rectangular, that is, the inner wall of the recess 234 is rectangular.
  • the length direction of the recessed portion 234 is consistent with the length direction of the pressure relief groove 232
  • the width direction of the recessed portion 234 is consistent with the width direction of the pressure relief groove 232 .
  • the pressure relief groove 232 needs to meet certain depth requirements. However, it is difficult to directly process the pressure relief groove 232 to a deeper position, and the end cover 23 may have insufficient strength due to excessive pressure when processing the pressure relief groove 232.
  • the concave portion 234 by providing the concave portion 234 on the convex portion 2311 and disposing the pressure relief groove 232 on the bottom surface of the concave portion 234, during molding, the concave portion 234 can be processed on the convex portion 2311 first, and then the concave portion 234 can be formed on the convex portion 2311.
  • the pressure relief groove 232 is machined on the bottom of 234, which can effectively reduce the difficulty of forming the pressure relief groove 232, and reduce the risk that the end cover 23 will be under greater pressure due to the pressure relief groove 232 being too deep, resulting in insufficient strength.
  • the difference between the distance from the pressure relief groove 232 to the edge of the cover body 231 and the distance from the recess 234 to the edge of the cover body 231 is 1-10 mm.
  • the distance from the recess 234 to the edge of the end cover 23 is L 3 , then 1 mm ⁇ L 1 -L 3 ⁇ 10 mm.
  • the recess 234 has two opposite ends
  • the pressure relief groove 232 has two opposite ends
  • the cover body 231 has two opposite edges. It can be understood that along the width direction Y of the cover body, the difference between the distance from one end of the pressure relief groove 232 to an adjacent edge of the cover body 231 and the distance from one end of the recess 234 to an adjacent edge of the cover body 231 is 1- 10 mm, the distance from the other end of the pressure relief groove 232 to the other edge of the cover body 231 and the distance from the other end of the recess 234 to the other edge of the cover body 231 are also 1-10 mm.
  • the distance from one end of the pressure relief groove 232 to the end adjacent to the recess 234 is 1-10 mm, and the distance from the other end of the pressure relief groove 232 to the other end of the recess 234 is also 1-10 mm.
  • the difference between the distance from the pressure relief groove 232 to the edge of the cover body 231 and the distance from the recess 234 to the edge of the cover body 231 is set within a reasonable range, so that the pressure relief groove 232 and the side walls of the recess 234 are within a reasonable range.
  • There is a certain distance in the width direction Y of the cover body which reduces the difficulty of manufacturing the pressure relief groove 232 .
  • the distance between the pressure relief groove 232 and the side wall of the recess 234 in the width direction Y of the cover body will not be too large, so that the pressure relief area 233 has a larger size in the width direction Y of the cover body.
  • Improve the pressure relief efficiency of the end cover 23 is set within a reasonable range, so that the pressure relief groove 232 and the side walls of the recess 234 are within a reasonable range.
  • FIG. 6 is a partial enlarged view of the end cap 23 shown in FIG. 5 .
  • the pressure relief groove 232 is a closed groove extending along a closed trajectory.
  • a closed trajectory is a trajectory that is connected at both ends, such as a rectangular trajectory, an elliptical trajectory, etc.
  • the cover body 231 can be processed along a closed trajectory to form the pressure relief groove 232.
  • the pressure relief groove 232 is a closed groove. After the pressure relief area 233 is opened, the cover body 231 can form a larger opening at a position corresponding to the pressure relief area 233, thereby improving the pressure relief efficiency.
  • the pressure relief groove 232 includes a first groove section 2321 , a second groove section 2322 , a third groove section 2323 and a fourth groove section 2324 connected in sequence.
  • the first groove section 2321 and the third groove section 2323 are arranged oppositely, and the maximum distance between the first groove section 2321 and the third groove section 2323 is the first distance L 4 .
  • the second groove section 2322 and the fourth groove section 2324 are arranged oppositely, and the minimum distance between the second groove section 2322 and the fourth groove section 2324 is the second distance L 5 .
  • the second distance L 5 is greater than the first distance L 4 .
  • the first groove section 2321, the second groove section 2322, the third groove section 2323 and the fourth groove section 2324 are respectively the groove sections in which the pressure relief groove 232 is located in four different directions.
  • the first groove section 2321, the second groove section 2322, the third groove section 2323 and the fourth groove section 2324 can be linear grooves or arcuate grooves. If the first groove section 2321, the second groove section 2322, the third groove section 2323 and the fourth groove section 2324 are linear grooves, the first groove section 2321 and the third groove section 2323 may or may not be parallel. Segment 2322 and fourth groove segment 2324 may or may not be parallel.
  • the maximum distance (first distance L 4 ) between the first groove section 2321 and the third groove section 2323 is the width of the pressure relief area 233 .
  • the maximum distance and the minimum distance between the first groove section 2321 and the second groove section 2322 are equal to each other.
  • the maximum distance between the second groove section 2322 and the fourth groove section 2324 is the length of the pressure relief area 233 .
  • the maximum distance and the minimum distance between the second groove section 2322 and the fourth groove section 2324 are equal to each other.
  • the second groove section 2322 and the fourth groove section 2324 are the short sides of the pressure relief groove 232
  • the first groove section 2321 and the third groove section 2323 are the long sides of the pressure relief groove 232 .
  • the short side position of the pressure relief groove 232 of the end cover 23 is a stress concentration area, that is, the position of the end cover 23 in the second groove section 2322 and the fourth groove section 2324 is a stress concentration area
  • the long side position of the end cover 23 in the pressure relief groove 232 is a stress concentration area, that is, the position of the end cover 23 in the first groove section 2321 and the third groove section 2323 is the stress concentration area.
  • the pressure relief area 233 defined by the pressure relief groove 232 has a large pressure relief area, has a simple structure, and is easy to be formed and manufactured.
  • the second groove section 2322 and the fourth groove section 2324 are arc grooves; and/or the first groove section 2321 and the third groove section 2323 are along the width direction of the cover body. Y extended linear slot.
  • the second groove section 2322 and the fourth groove section 2324 can be bent in the same direction, or can be bent in opposite directions.
  • the second groove section 2322 and the fourth groove section 2324 can be bent in a direction close to each other, and the center of the circle of the second groove section 2322 and the center of the fourth groove section 2324 are located outside the pressure relief area 233; the second groove section 2322 and the fourth groove
  • the segments 2324 may also be bent in a direction away from each other, and the center of the circle of the second groove segment 2322 and the center of the fourth groove segment 2324 are located in the pressure relief area 233 .
  • the second groove section 2322 and the fourth groove section 2324 are bent in directions away from each other, and the first groove section 2321 and the third groove section 2323 are straight grooves extending along the width direction Y of the cover body.
  • the first groove section 2321 and the third groove section 2323 are both tangent to the second groove section 2322
  • the first groove section 2321 and the third groove section 2323 are both tangent to the fourth groove section 2324, along the width direction of the cover body Y
  • the distance from the middle position of the second groove segment 2322 to the middle position of the fourth groove segment 2324 is the maximum distance between the second groove segment 2322 and the fourth groove segment 2324
  • the length of the first groove segment 2321 is the The minimum distance between the second groove section 2322 and the fourth groove section 2324 (second distance L 5 ).
  • the second groove section 2322 and the fourth groove section 2324 are arc grooves, and the cover body 231 forms a weak point at the middle position of the second groove section 2322 and the fourth groove section 2324.
  • the weak position is The initial opening position of the pressure relief area 233 enables the pressure relief area 233 to be opened in time when the explosion pressure inside the battery cell 20 is reached.
  • the first groove section 2321 and the third groove section 2323 are linear grooves extending along the width direction Y of the cover body, so that the first groove section 2321 and the third groove section 2323 are arranged in parallel, and the cover body 231 is along the second groove section 2322 After being split with the fourth groove section 2324, it can be opened more easily along the first groove section 2321 and the third groove section 2323, thereby increasing the opening rate of the pressure relief area 233 and achieving rapid pressure relief.
  • the distance between the pressure relief groove 232 and two opposite edges of the cover body 231 is equal.
  • the distance from the first groove section 2321 to an adjacent edge of the cover body 231 The distance is equal to the distance from the third groove section 2323 to the other edge of the cover body 231 .
  • the pressure relief groove 232 is centrally located in the length direction
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a battery cell 20, which includes a case 21, an electrode assembly 22, and the end cap 23 provided in any of the above embodiments.
  • the housing 21 has an opening.
  • the electrode assembly 22 is accommodated in the housing 21 .
  • End cap 23 closes the opening.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a battery 100, which includes a box 10 and the battery cell 20 provided in any of the above embodiments.
  • the battery cell 20 is accommodated in the box 10.
  • the box 10 has a bottom wall, and the end cover 23 is disposed on a side of the battery cell 20 facing the bottom wall.
  • the bottom wall is the wall located at the bottom of the box 10 in normal use.
  • the second part 12 covers the top of the first part 11, and the wall of the first part 11 away from the second part 12 is the bottom wall.
  • the end cap 23 is disposed on the side of the battery cell 20 facing the bottom wall, so that the battery cell 20 is in an inverted state.
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides an electrical device, including the battery 100 provided in any of the above embodiments.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)
  • Gas Exhaust Devices For Batteries (AREA)

Abstract

一种端盖（23）、电池单体（20）、电池（100）及用电设备，属于电池技术领域。其中，端盖（23）包括盖本体（231）和泄压槽（232），泄压槽（232）设置于盖本体（231），泄压槽（232）界定出泄压区（233）。泄压区（233）的长度方向与盖本体（231）的宽度方向一致。在端盖（23）内侧受到电池单体（20）内部的压力时，端盖（23）在泄压槽（232）的短边位置为应力集中区域，在端盖（23）外侧受到冲击力时，端盖（23）在泄压槽（232）的长边位置为应力集中区域，从而使得端盖（23）在两种不同的工况下应力集中区域不一致，增强了端盖（23）的抗冲击能力，提高电池单体（20）的使用寿命。

Description

端盖、电池单体、电池及用电设备 技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种端盖、电池单体、电池及用电设备。
背景技术
随着新能源技术的发展，电池的应用越来越广泛，例如应用在手机、笔记本电脑、电瓶车、电动汽车、电动飞机、电动轮船、电动玩具汽车、电动玩具轮船、电动玩具飞机和电动工具等上。
电池单体作为储能元件，一般通过电极组件和电解液发生化学反应，从而输出电能。在电池单体中，端盖的抗冲击能力直接影响电池单体的使用寿命。因此，如何提高端盖的抗冲击能力是电池技术中一个亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供一种端盖、电池单体、电池及用电设备，能够有效提高端盖的抗冲击能力。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供一种端盖，端盖包括盖本体和泄压槽，泄压槽设置于盖本体，泄压槽界定出泄压区；其中，泄压区的长度方向与盖本体的宽度方向一致。
上述技术方案中，泄压区的长度方向与盖本体的宽度方向一致，在端盖内侧受到电池单体内部的压力时，端盖在泄压槽的短边位置为应力集中区域，在端盖外侧受到冲击力时，端盖在泄压槽的长边位置为应力集中区域，从而使得端盖在两种不同的工况下应力集中区域不一致，增强了端盖的抗冲击能力，提高电池单体的使用寿命。
在一些实施例中，沿盖本体的宽度方向，泄压槽到盖本体的边缘的距离与盖本体的宽度的比值为0.05-0.3。将泄压槽在盖本体的宽度方向到盖本体的边缘的距离与盖本体的宽度的比值设置在合理范围内，既可以降低泄压区因泄压槽到盖本体的边缘的距离过小而在靠近盖本体的边缘的位置出现应力集中，而导致端盖的起爆压力降低的风险，又可以降低泄压区因泄压槽到盖本体的边缘的距离过大造成泄压区在盖本体的宽度方向的尺寸较小，而影响端盖的泄压效率的风险。
在一些实施例中，沿盖本体的宽度方向，泄压槽到盖本体的边缘的距离与盖本体的宽度的比值为0.1-0.25。这样，进一步降低泄压区在盖本体的宽度方向靠近盖本体的边缘的位置出现应力集中的风险，并保证端盖的泄压效率。
在一些实施例中，沿盖本体的宽度方向，泄压槽到盖本体相对的两边缘的距离相等。这样，使得泄压槽在盖本体的宽度方向居中设置，便于泄压区在电池单体热失控时及时打开泄压。
在一些实施例中，盖本体局部沿盖本体的厚度方向凸出形成凸部，沿盖本体的宽度方向，凸部与盖本体的边缘存在距离；其中，泄压槽设置于凸部。盖本体局部沿盖本体的厚度方向凸出形成凸部，盖本体在其厚度方向上与凸部相对的一侧将对应形成凹陷空间，一方面，能够容纳电池单体内部的部件，有利于提升电池单体的能量密度，另一方面，能够提高端盖的抗弯强度，提高端盖的抗冲击能力。此外，由于泄压槽设置凸部，便于泄压区在电池单体热失控时及时打开泄压。
在一些实施例中，沿盖本体的宽度方向，凸部到盖本体的边缘的距离与盖本体的宽度的比值为0.005-0.25。将凸部在盖本体的宽度方向到盖本体的边缘的距离与盖本体的宽度的比值设置在合理范围内，保证凸部在盖本体的宽度方向与盖本体的边缘存在距离，便于端盖的固定。当然，凸部在盖本体的宽度方向与盖本体的边缘之间的距离也不会过大，使得凸部在盖本体的宽度方向上的具有较大的尺寸，能够在盖本体上布置大尺寸的泄压槽，保证端盖的泄压效率。
在一些实施例中，沿盖本体的宽度方向，凸部到盖本体相对的两边缘的距离相等。使得凸部在盖本体的宽度方向上居中设置，能够进一步提高端盖的抗弯强度。
在一些实施例中，凸部凸出于盖本体的一端设有凹部，泄压槽设置于凹部的底面。能够有效降低泄压槽的成型难度。
在一些实施例中，沿盖本体的宽度方向，泄压槽到盖本体的边缘的距离与凹部到盖本体的边缘的距离之差为1-10mm。使得泄压槽与凹部的侧壁在盖本体的宽度方向上存在一定的距离，降低泄压槽的制造难度。当然，泄压槽与凹部的侧壁在盖本体的宽度方向上的距离也不会过大，使得泄压区在盖本体的宽度方向具有较大的尺寸，提高端盖的泄压效率。
在一些实施例中，泄压槽为沿封闭轨迹延伸的封闭槽。这样，在泄压区打开后，盖本体能够在对应泄压区的位置形成较大的开口部，提高泄压效率。
在一些实施例中，泄压槽包括首尾依次连接的第一槽段、第二槽段、第三槽段和第四槽段；沿盖本体的长度方向，第一槽段与第三槽段相对设置，第一槽段与第三槽段之间的最大距离为第一距离；沿盖本体的宽度方向，第二槽段与第四槽段相对设置，第二槽段与第四槽段之间的最小距离为第二距离；其中，第二距离大于第一距离。这种结构的泄压槽界定出来的泄压区具有较大的泄压面积，结构简单，易于成型制造。
在一些实施例中，第二槽段和第四槽段为圆弧槽；和/或，第一槽段和第三槽段为沿盖本体的宽度方向延伸的直线槽。第二槽段和第四槽段为圆弧槽，盖本体在第二槽段的中间位置和第四槽段的中间位置形成薄弱位置，薄弱位置为泄压区的最先开启位置，使得泄压区在电池单体内部达到起爆压力时能够及时打开。第一槽段和第三槽段均为沿盖本体的宽度方向延伸的直线槽，使得第一槽段和第三槽段平行设置，盖本体沿着第二槽段和第四槽段裂开后，能够更为容易地沿着第一槽段和第三槽段打开，提高泄压区的打开速率，实现快速泄压。
在一些实施例中，沿盖本体的长度方向，泄压槽到盖本体相对的两边缘的距离相等。使得泄压槽在盖本体的长度方向居中设置，便于泄压区在电池单体热失控时及时打开泄压。
第二方面，本申请实施例提供一种电池单体，包括壳体、电极组件和上述第一方面任意一个实施例提供的端盖；壳体具有开口；电极组件容纳于壳体内；端盖封闭开口。
第三方面，本申请实施例提供一种电池，包括箱体和上述第二方面任意一个实施例提供的电池单体，电池单体容纳于箱体内。
在一些实施例中，箱体具有底壁，端盖设置于电池单体面向底壁的一侧。
第四方面，本申请实施例还提供一种用电设备，包括上述第三方面任意一个实施例提供的电池。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，应当理解，以下附图仅示出了本申请的某些实施例，因此不应被看作是对范围的限定，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他相关的附图。
图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆的结构示意图；
图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池的爆炸图；
图3为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的爆炸图；
图4为图3所示的端盖的轴测图；
图5为图4所示的端盖的俯视图；
图6为5所示的端盖A处的局部放大图。
图标：10-箱体；11-第一部分；12-第二部分；20-电池单体；21-壳体；22-电极组件；221-正极耳；222-负极耳；23-端盖；231-盖本体；2311-凸部；232-泄压槽；2321-第一槽段；2322-第二 槽段；2323-第三槽段；2324-第四槽段；233-泄压区；234-凹部；24-电极端子；24a-正电极端子；24b-负电极端子；25-集流构件；100-电池；200-控制器；300-马达；1000-车辆；X-盖本体的长度方向；Y-盖本体的宽度方向；Z-盖本体的厚度方向。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
除非另有定义，本申请所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本申请中在申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。本申请的说明书和权利要求书或上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别不同对象，而不是用于描述特定顺序或主次关系。
在本申请中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“附接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
本申请中术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本申请中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请的实施例中，相同的附图标记表示相同的部件，并且为了简洁，在不同实施例中，省略对相同部件的详细说明。应理解，附图示出的本申请实施例中的各种部件的厚度、长宽等尺寸，以及集成装置的整体厚度、长宽等尺寸仅为示例性说明，而不应对本申请构成任何限定。
本申请中出现的“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)。
本申请中，电池单体可以包括锂离子二次电池、锂离子一次电池、锂硫电池、钠锂离子电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。电池单体可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等，本申请实施例对此也不限定。电池单体一般按封装的方式分成三种：柱形电池单体、方形电池单体和软包电池单体，本申请实施例对此也不限定。
本申请的实施例所提到的电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。例如，本申请中所提到的电池可以包括电池模块或电池包等。电池一般包括用于封装一个或多个电池单体的箱体。箱体可以避免液体或其他异物影响电池单体的充电或放电。
电池单体包括电极组件和电解液，电极组件由正极片、负极片和隔离膜组成。电池单体主要依靠金属离子在正极片和负极片之间移动来工作。正极片包括正极集流体和正极活性物质层，正极活性物质层涂覆于正极集流体的表面，未涂敷正极活性物质层的正极集流体凸出于已涂覆正极活性物质层的正极集流体，未涂敷正极活性物质层的正极集流体作为正极耳。以锂离子电池为例，正极集流体的材料可以为铝，正极活性物质可以为钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂、三元锂或锰酸锂等。负极片包括负极集流体和负极活性物质层，负极活性物质层涂覆于负极集流体的表面，未涂敷负极活性物质层的负极集流体凸出于已涂覆负极活性物质层的负极集流体，未涂敷负极活性物质层的负极集流体作为负极耳。负极集流体的材料可以为铜，负极活性物质可以为碳或硅等。为了保证通过大电流而不发生熔断，正极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起，负极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起。隔离膜的材质可以为PP(polypropylene，聚丙烯)或PE(polyethylene，聚乙烯)等。此外，电极组件可以 是卷绕式结构，也可以是叠片式结构，本申请实施例并不限于此。
电池技术的发展要同时考虑多方面的设计因素，例如，能量密度、循环寿命、放电容量、充放电倍率等性能参数，另外，还需要考虑电池的安全性。
对于电池单体来说，为保证电池单体的安全性，可以在电池单体的端盖上设置泄压结构，比如，在端盖上设置泄压槽，泄压槽限定出泄压区，在电池单体内部压力达到起爆压力时，泄压区打开，以泄放电池单体内部的压力，以降低电池单体爆炸、起火的风险。
发明人注意到，电池单体在使用一段时间后，在电池单体内部压力未达到起爆压力的情况下，端盖的泄压区也可能会出现异常打开的情况。
发明人进一步研究发现，端盖的泄压槽限定的泄压区一般为长条状结构，泄压区的长度方向与盖本体的长度方向一致。电池单体在实际工作环境中，其内部压力会随着环境温度的变化而变化，当温度升高时，电池单体内部的压力升高，端盖在电池单体内部的压力的作用下，端盖在泄压槽的短边位置为应力集中区。在电池单体外部受到冲击力的工况下，冲击力作用于端盖的外侧，端盖仍然在泄压槽的短边位置为应力集中区。也就是说，无论是端盖内侧受力，还是端盖外侧受力，端盖的应力集中区均在泄压槽的短边位置，端盖在泄压槽的短边位置容易被破坏，导致端盖的抗冲击能力不足。在电池单体内部的压力随着温度的变化长期交替变化以及电池单体长期受到外部冲击的情况下，端盖在泄压槽的短边位置容易出现疲劳现象，导致端盖在泄压槽的短边位置裂开，出现端盖的泄压区异常打开的情况，影响电池单体的使用寿命。
鉴于此，本申请实施例提供一种端盖，包括盖本体和泄压槽，泄压槽设置于盖本体，泄压槽界定出泄压区，泄压区的长度方向与盖本体的宽度方向一致。
在这样的端盖中，泄压区的长度方向与盖本体的宽度方向一致，在端盖内侧受到电池单体内部的压力时，端盖在泄压槽的短边位置为应力集中区域，在端盖外侧受到冲击力时，端盖在泄压槽的长边位置为应力集中区域，从而使得端盖在两种不同的工况下应力集中区域不一致，增强了端盖的抗冲击能力，提高电池单体的使用寿命。
本申请实施例描述的端盖适用于电池单体、电池以及使用电池的用电设备。
用电设备可以是车辆、手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、轮船、航天器、电动玩具和电动工具等等。车辆可以是燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等；航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等；电动玩具包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等；电动工具包括金属切削电动工具、研磨电动工具、装配电动工具和铁道用电动工具，例如，电钻、电动砂轮机、电动扳手、电动螺丝刀、电锤、冲击电钻、混凝土振动器和电刨等等。本申请实施例对上述用电设备不做特殊限制。
以下实施例为了方便说明，以用电设备为车辆为例进行说明。
请参照图1，图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆1000的结构示意图。车辆1000的内部设置有电池100，电池100可以设置在车辆1000的底部或头部或尾部。电池100可以用于车辆1000的供电，例如，电池100可以作为车辆1000的操作电源。
车辆1000还可以包括控制器200和马达300，控制器200用来控制电池100为马达300供电，例如，用于车辆1000的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在本申请一些实施例中，电池100不仅仅可以作为车辆1000的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1000的驱动电源，代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气为车辆1000提供驱动动力。
请参照图2，图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池100的爆炸图，电池100包括箱体10和电池单体20，箱体10用于容纳电池单体20。
其中，箱体10是容纳电池单体20的部件，箱体10为电池单体20提供容纳空间，箱体10可以采用多种结构。在一些实施例中，箱体10可以包括第一部分11和第二部分12，第一部分11与第二部分12相互盖合，以限定出用于容纳电池单体20的容纳空间。第一部分11和第二部分 12可以是多种形状，比如，长方体、圆柱体等。第一部分11可以是一侧开放的空心结构，第二部分12也可以是一侧开放的空心结构，第二部分12的开放侧盖合于第一部分11的开放侧，则形成具有容纳空间的箱体10。也可以是第一部分11为一侧开放的空心结构，第二部分12为板状结构，第二部分12盖合于第一部分11的开放侧，则形成具有容纳空间的箱体10。第一部分11与第二部分12可以通过密封元件来实现密封，密封元件可以是密封圈、密封胶等。
在电池100中，电池单体20可以是一个、也可以是多个。若电池单体20为多个，多个电池单体20之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体20中既有串联又有并联。可以是多个电池单体20先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块，多个电池模块再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体10内。也可以是所有电池单体20之间直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将所有电池单体20构成的整体容纳于箱体10内。
在一些实施例中，电池100还可以包括汇流部件，多个电池单体20之间可通过汇流部件实现电连接，以实现多个电池单体20的串联或并联或混联。汇流部件可以是金属导体，比如，铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金等。
请参照图3，图3为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体20的爆炸图，电池单体20包括壳体21、电极组件22、端盖23、电极端子24和集流构件25。
壳体21是用于容纳电极组件22的部件，壳体21可以是一端形成开口的空心结构，壳体21可以是相对的两端形成开口的空心结构。壳体21可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。壳体21的材质可以是多种，比如，铜、铁、铝、钢、铝合金等。
电极组件22是电池单体20中发生电化学反应的部件。电极组件22可以包括正极片、负极片和隔离膜。电极组件22可以是由正极片、隔离膜和负极片通过卷绕形成的卷绕式结构，也可以是由正极片、隔离膜和负极片通过层叠布置形成的叠片式结构。电极组件22具有正极耳221和负极耳222，正极耳221可以是正极片上未涂覆正极活性物质层的部分，负极耳222可以是负极片上未涂覆负极活性物质层的部分。
端盖23是封闭壳体21的开口以将电池单体20的内部环境与外部环境隔绝的部件。端盖23与壳体21共同限定出容纳电极组件22、电解液以及其他部件的密封空间。端盖23的形状可以与壳体21的形状相适配，比如，壳体21为长方体结构，端盖23为与壳体21相适配的矩形结构。端盖23的材质也可以是多种，比如，铜、铁、铝、钢、铝合金等。端盖23可以通过焊接的方式固定于壳体21。
电池单体20中，端盖23可以是一个，也可以是两个。若壳体21是一端形成开口的空心结构，则可以将端盖23对应设置一个。若壳体21是两端形成开口的空心结构，则可以将端盖23对应设置两个，两个端盖23分别封闭壳体21的两个开口。
电极端子24是电池单体20与其他部件相连，以输出电池单体20的电能的部件。电极端子24设置于端盖23上，电极端子24用于与电极组件22的正极耳221或负极耳222电连接。在电池单体20中，电极端子24可以设置为两个，两个电极端子24分别为正电极端子24a和负电极端子24b，正电极端子24a用于与正极耳221电连接，负电极端子24b用于与负极耳222电连接。在电池单体20中的端盖23为两个的实施例中，可以将正电极端子24a和负电极端子24b设置在同一端盖23上，也可以将正电极端子24a和负电极端子24b分别设置在两个端盖23上。如图3所示，在电池单体20中的端盖23为一个的实施例中，可以将正电极端子24a和负电极端子24b设置在同一端盖23上。
集流构件25为实现极耳与电极端子24电连接的部件。如图3所示，以电池单体20中的端盖23为一个，正电极端子24a和负电极端子24b均设置于端盖23上为例，正电极端子24a可以通过一个集流构件25与正极耳221连接，负电极端子24b可以通过另一个集流构件25与负极耳222连接。
请参照图4和图5，图4为图3所示的端盖23的轴测图；图5为图4所示的端盖23的俯视图。本申请实施例提供一种端盖23，端盖23包括盖本体231和泄压槽232，泄压槽232设置于盖本体231，泄压槽232界定出泄压区233，泄压区233的长度方向与盖本体的宽度方向Y一致。
盖本体231用于封闭壳体21的开口。盖本体231为长条状，可理解的，盖本体231的长度大于盖本体231的宽度。示例性的，盖本体231为长方形。
泄压槽232可以通过多种方式成型，比如，冲压成型、铣削成型等。泄压槽232可以设置于盖本体231面向于壳体21内部的表面，也可以设置于盖本体231背离壳体21的表面。以盖本体231为长方形平板结构为例，盖本体231在厚度方向具有相对的内表面和外表面，盖本体231的内表面面向壳体21的内部，盖本体231的外表面背离壳体21设置，泄压槽232可以设置于盖本体231的内表面，也可以设置于盖本体231的外表面。
泄压区233为盖本体231由泄压槽232界定出的部分，在电池单体20内部压力达到起爆压力时，盖本体231的泄压区233打开，以泄放电池单体20内部的压力。泄压区233打开后，盖本体231在对应泄压区233的位置可以形成开口部，电池单体20内部的排放物则可以通过开口部排出。泄压区233为长条状，可理解的，泄压区233的长度大于泄压区233的宽度。
泄压槽232可以是从盖本体231的表面沿盖本体的厚度方向Z凹陷的凹槽，泄压区233则为盖本体231由凹槽的内侧面界定出来的部分。以凹槽的内侧面为长方形为例，泄压区233为盖本体231由泄压槽232的内侧面界定出来的长方形部分。泄压槽232也可以是沿弯折轨迹延伸的线形槽，比如，弯折轨迹为U形轨迹，泄压区233则为盖本体231由弯折轨迹界定出来的U形部分；再如，弯折轨迹为长方形轨迹，泄压区233则为盖本体231由弯折轨迹界定出来的长方形部分。若泄压槽232为沿弯折轨迹延伸的线形槽，在电池单体20内部压力达到起爆压力时，泄压区233可以是以泄压槽232为边界打开，以泄放电池单体20内部的压力。
泄压区233的长度方向与盖本体的宽度方向Y一致，可理解的，泄压区233的宽度方向与盖本体的长度方向X一致。
在相关技术中，泄压槽232的长度方向与盖本体的长度方向X一致，在端盖23内侧受到电池单体20内部的压力时，由于泄压槽232在其宽度方向上的尺寸小于在其长度方向上的尺寸，端盖23在泄压区233的长度方向上的端部的位置(端盖23位于泄压槽232的短边的位置)为应力集中区；在端盖23外侧受到电池单体20外部的冲击力时，由于盖本体231在其宽度方向上的尺寸小于其长度方向上的尺寸，泄压槽232在盖本体的长度方向X的端部的位置更容易被破坏，故端盖23在泄压区233的长度方向上的端部的位置(端盖23位于泄压槽232的短边的位置)为应力集中区。故，无论是端盖23内侧受力，还是端盖23外侧受力，端盖23的应力集中区均在泄压槽232的短边位置，端盖23在泄压槽232的短边位置容易被破坏，导致端盖23的抗冲击能力不足。
而在本申请实施例中，泄压区233的长度方向与盖本体的宽度方向Y一致，在端盖23内侧受到电池单体20内部的压力时，端盖23在泄压槽232的短边位置为应力集中区域；在端盖23外侧受到冲击力时，泄压槽232在盖本体的长度方向X的端部位置更容易被破坏，则端盖23在泄压槽232的长边位置为应力集中区域，从而使得端盖23在两种不同的工况下应力集中区域不一致，增强了端盖23的抗冲击能力，提高电池单体20的使用寿命。
在一些实施例中，沿盖本体的宽度方向Y，泄压槽232到盖本体231的边缘的距离与盖本体231的宽度的比值为0.05-0.3。
如图5所示，沿盖本体的宽度方向Y，泄压槽232到盖本体231的边缘的距离为L 1，盖本体231的宽度为L，则0.05≤L 1/L≤0.3。
沿盖本体的宽度方向Y，泄压槽232具有相对的两端，盖本体231具有相对的两个边缘。可理解的，沿盖本体的宽度方向Y，泄压槽232的一端到盖本体231相临近的一个边缘的距离与盖本体231的宽度的比值为0.05-0.3，泄压槽232的另一端到盖本体231另一个边缘的距离与盖本体231的宽度的比值也为0.05-0.3。
沿盖本体的宽度方向Y，若泄压槽232到盖本体231的边缘的距离过小，泄压槽232容易受到盖本体231的边缘的影响，比如，盖本体231在边缘位置与壳体21焊接，容易造成泄压区233在靠近盖本体231的边缘的位置出现应力集中，降低端盖的起爆压力。沿盖本体的宽度方向Y，若泄压槽232到盖本体231的边缘的距离过大，泄压区233在盖本体的宽度方向Y的尺寸较小，影响端盖23的泄压效率。
在本实施例中，将泄压槽232在盖本体的宽度方向Y到盖本体231的边缘的距离与盖本体231的宽度的比值设置在合理范围内，既可以降低泄压区233因泄压槽232到盖本体231的边缘的距离过小而在靠近盖本体231的边缘的位置出现应力集中，而导致端盖23的起爆压力降低的风险，又可以降低泄压区233因泄压槽232到盖本体231的边缘的距离过大造成泄压区233在盖本体的宽度方向Y的尺寸较小，而影响端盖23的泄压效率的风险。
在一些实施例中，沿盖本体的宽度方向Y，泄压槽232到盖本体231的边缘的距离与盖本体231的宽度的比值为0.1-0.25。
可理解的，0.1≤L 1/L≤0.25。
在本实施例中，进一步降低泄压区233在盖本体的宽度方向Y靠近盖本体231的边缘的位置出现应力集中的风险，并保证端盖23的泄压效率。
在一些实施例中，沿盖本体的宽度方向Y，泄压槽232到盖本体231相对的两边缘的距离相等。
可理解的，沿盖本体的宽度方向Y，泄压槽232的一端到盖本体231相临近的一个边缘的距离与泄压槽232的另一端到盖本体231的另一个边缘的距离相等。
在本实施例中，泄压槽232在盖本体的宽度方向Y居中设置，便于泄压区233在电池单体20热失控时及时打开泄压。
在一些实施例中，请继续参照图4和图5，盖本体231局部沿盖本体的厚度方向Z凸出形成凸部2311，沿盖本体的宽度方向Y，凸部2311与盖本体231的边缘存在距离。其中，泄压槽232设置于凸部2311。
凸部2311为盖本体231局部向盖本体231的外侧凸出的部分，盖本体231的外侧即为盖本体231封闭壳体21的开口后背离壳体21的一侧。可理解的，沿盖本体的厚度方向Z，盖本体231局部沿背离壳体21的方向凸出则形成凸部2311。盖本体231上的凸部2311可以通过多种方式形成，比如，可以通过冲压的方式形成凸部2311。在对盖本体231进行冲压时，盖本体231的内侧将形成凹陷空间，并在盖本体231的外侧对应形成凸部2311。
凸部2311的形状可以与盖本体231的形状相同，比如，盖本体231和凸部2311均为长方形，盖本体的长度方向X与凸部2311的长度方向相同，盖本体的宽度方向Y与凸部2311的宽度方向相同。在端盖23上设有电极端子24的实施例中，电极端子24可以安装于凸部2311。
沿盖本体的宽度方向Y，凸部2311与盖本体231的边缘存在距离。也就是说，沿盖本体的宽度方向Y，凸部2311具有相对的两个边缘，盖本体231具有相对的两个边缘，凸部2311的两个边缘之间的距离小于盖本体231的两个边缘之间的距离，凸部2311的一个边缘与盖本体231相临近的一个边缘存在距离，凸部2311的另一个边缘与盖本体231的另一个边缘存在距离。
在本实施例中，盖本体231局部沿盖本体的厚度方向Z凸出形成凸部2311，盖本体231在其厚度方向上与凸部2311相对的一侧将对应形成凹陷空间，一方面，能够容纳电池单体20内部的部件，比如，电极组件22的极耳，有利于提升电池单体20的能量密度，另一方面，能够提高端盖23的抗弯强度，提高端盖23的抗冲击能力。此外，由于泄压槽232设置凸部2311，便于泄压区233在电池单体20热失控时及时打开泄压。
在一些实施例中，沿盖本体的宽度方向Y，凸部2311到盖本体231的边缘的距离与盖本体231的宽度的比值为0.005-0.25。
如图5所示，沿盖本体的宽度方向Y，凸部2311到盖本体231的边缘的距离为L 2，则0.005≤L 2/L≤0.25。
可理解的，沿盖本体的宽度方向Y，凸部2311的一个边缘到盖本体231相临近的一个边缘的距离与盖本体231的宽度的比值为0.005-0.25；凸部2311的另一个边缘到盖本体231的另一个边缘的距离与盖本体231的宽度的比值也为0.005-0.25。
在本实施例中，将凸部2311在盖本体的宽度方向Y到盖本体231的边缘的距离与盖本体231的宽度的比值设置在合理范围内，保证凸部2311在盖本体的宽度方向Y与盖本体231的边缘存在距离，便于端盖23的固定，比如，端盖23与壳体21的焊接固定。当然，凸部2311在盖本体的宽度方向Y与盖本体231的边缘之间的距离也不会过大，使得凸部2311在盖本体的宽度方向Y上的具有较大的尺寸，能够在盖本体231上布置大尺寸的泄压槽232，保证端盖23的泄压效率。
在一些实施例中，沿盖本体的宽度方向Y，凸部2311到盖本体231相对的两边缘的距离相等。
可理解的，沿盖本体的宽度方向Y，凸部2311的一个边缘到盖本体231相临近的一个边缘的距离与凸部2311的另一个边缘到盖本体231的另一个边缘的距离相等。
在本实施例中，凸部2311在盖本体的宽度方向Y上居中设置，能够进一步提高端盖23的抗弯强度。
在一些实施例中，请继续参照图4和图5，凸部2311凸出于盖本体231的一端设有凹部234，泄压槽232设置于凹部234的底面。
凸部2311凸出于盖本体231的一端即为凸部2311背离壳体21的一端，该端具有端面，凹部234从该端面沿盖本体的厚度方向Z凹陷，使得凹部234向靠近壳体21的方向凹陷。凹部234的底面即为凹部234在深度方向上位于最深位置的表面。
在本实施例中，对凹部234的形状不作特殊限制。示例性的，在图4和图5中，凹部234为长方形，即凹部234的内侧壁为长方形。凹部234的长度方向与泄压槽232的长度方向一致，凹部234的宽度方向与泄压槽232的宽度方向一致。
对于电池单体20而言，为保证其内部压力达到起爆压力时，端盖23的泄压区233能够正常打开泄压，泄压槽232需要满足一定的深度要求。但直接将泄压槽232加工到较深的位置难度较大，并且，端盖23可能因加工泄压槽232时受到的压力过大，而出现端盖23强度不足的情况。
因此，本实施例中，通过在凸部2311上设有凹部234，并将泄压槽232设置于凹部234的底面，在成型时，可以先在凸部2311上加工出凹部234，再在凹部234的底面上加工出泄压槽232，能够有效降低泄压槽232的成型难度，并降低端盖23因加工泄压槽232过深受到较大的压力，而造成强度不足的风险。
在一些实施例中，沿盖本体的宽度方向Y，泄压槽232到盖本体231的边缘的距离与凹部234到盖本体231的边缘的距离之差为1-10mm。
如图5所示，沿盖本体的宽度方向Y，凹部234到端盖23的边缘的距离为L 3，则1mm≤L 1-L 3≤10mm。
沿盖本体的宽度方向Y，凹部234具有相对的两端，泄压槽232具有相对的两端，盖本体231具有相对的两个边缘。可理解的，沿盖本体的宽度方向Y，泄压槽232的一端到盖本体231相临近的一个边缘的距离与凹部234的一端到盖本体231相临近的一个边缘的距离之差为1-10mm，泄压槽232的另一端到的盖本体231的另一个边缘的距离与凹部234的另一端到盖本体231的另一个边缘的距离也为1-10mm。也就是说，泄压槽232的一端到凹部234相临近的一端的距离为1-10mm，泄压槽232的另一端到凹部234的另一端的距离也为1-10mm。
在本实施例中，将泄压槽232到盖本体231的边缘的距离与凹部234到盖本体231的边缘的距离之差设置在合理范围内，使得泄压槽232与凹部234的侧壁在盖本体的宽度方向Y上存在一定的距离，降低泄压槽232的制造难度。当然，另一方面，泄压槽232与凹部234的侧壁在盖本体的宽度方向Y上的距离也不会过大，使得泄压区233在盖本体的宽度方向Y具有较大的尺寸，提高端盖23的泄压效率。
在一些实施例中，请参照图6，图6为5所示的端盖23处的局部放大图。泄压槽232为沿封闭轨迹延伸的封闭槽。
封闭轨迹即为首尾两端相连的轨迹，比如、长方形轨迹、椭圆形轨迹等。在以通过铣削的 方式成型泄压槽232为例，可以沿着封闭轨迹对盖本体231进行加工，以形成泄压槽232。
在本实施例中，泄压槽232为封闭槽，在泄压区233打开后，盖本体231能够在对应泄压区233的位置形成较大的开口部，提高泄压效率。
在一些实施例中，请继续参照图6，泄压槽232包括首尾依次连接的第一槽段2321、第二槽段2322、第三槽段2323和第四槽段2324。沿盖本体的长度方向X，第一槽段2321与第三槽段2323相对设置，第一槽段2321与第三槽段2323之间的最大距离为第一距离L 4。沿盖本体的宽度方向Y，第二槽段2322与第四槽段2324相对设置，第二槽段2322与第四槽段2324之间的最小距离为第二距离L 5。其中，第二距离L 5大于第一距离L 4。
第一槽段2321、第二槽段2322、第三槽段2323和第四槽段2324分别为泄压槽232位于四个不同方位的槽段。本实施例中，对第一槽段2321、第二槽段2322、第三槽段2323和第四槽段2324的形状不作特殊限制。比如，第一槽段2321、第二槽段2322、第三槽段2323和第四槽段2324可以是直线槽，也可以是圆弧槽。若第一槽段2321、第二槽段2322、第三槽段2323和第四槽段2324为直线槽，第一槽段2321和第三槽段2323可以平行，也可以不平行，第二槽段2322和第四槽段2324可以平行，也可以不平行。
沿盖本体的长度方向X，第一槽段2321与第三槽段2323之间的最大距离(第一距离L 4)即为泄压区233的宽度。当然，若第一槽段2321与第二槽段2322平行设置，第一槽段2321与第二槽段2322之间的最大距离与最小距离相等。
沿盖本体的宽度方向Y，第二槽段2322与第四槽段2324之间的最大距离即为泄压区233的长度。当然，若第二槽段2322与第四槽段2324平行设置，第二槽段2322与第四槽段2324之间的最大距离与最小距离相等。
第二槽段2322和第四槽段2324为泄压槽232的短边，第一槽段2321和第三槽段2323为泄压槽232的长边。在端盖23内侧受到电池单体20内部的压力时，端盖23在泄压槽232的短边位置为应力集中区域，即端盖23在第二槽段2322和第四槽段2324的位置为应力集中区域；在端盖23外侧受到冲击力时，端盖23在泄压槽232的长边位置为应力集中区域，即端盖23在第一槽段2321和第三槽段2323的位置为应力集中区域。
在本实施例中，泄压槽232界定出来的泄压区233具有较大的泄压面积，结构简单，易于成型制造。
在一些实施例中，请继续参照图6，第二槽段2322和第四槽段2324为圆弧槽；和/或，第一槽段2321和第三槽段2323为沿盖本体的宽度方向Y延伸的直线槽。
第二槽段2322和第四槽段2324可以向相同的方向弯曲，也可以向相反的方向弯曲。第二槽段2322和第四槽段2324可以向彼此靠近的方向弯曲，第二槽段2322的圆心和第四槽段2324的圆心位于泄压区233外；第二槽段2322和第四槽段2324也可以向彼此远离的方向弯曲，第二槽段2322的圆心和第四槽段2324的圆心位于泄压区233内。
示例性的，在图6中，第二槽段2322和第四槽段2324向彼此远离的方向弯曲，第一槽段2321和第三槽段2323为沿盖本体的宽度方向Y延伸的直线槽，第一槽段2321和第三槽段2323均与第二槽段2322相切，且第一槽段2321和第三槽段2323均与第四槽段2324相切，沿盖本体的宽度方向Y，第二槽段2322的中间位置到第四槽段2324的中间位置的距离即为第二槽段2322与第四槽段2324之间的最大距离，第一槽段2321的长度即为第二槽段2322与第四槽段2324之间的最小距离(第二距离L 5)。
在本实施例中，第二槽段2322和第四槽段2324为圆弧槽，盖本体231在第二槽段2322的中间位置和第四槽段2324的中间位置形成薄弱位置，薄弱位置为泄压区233的最先开启位置，使得泄压区233在电池单体20内部达到起爆压力时能够及时打开。第一槽段2321和第三槽段2323均为沿盖本体的宽度方向Y延伸的直线槽，使得第一槽段2321和第三槽段2323平行设置，盖本体231沿着第二槽段2322和第四槽段2324裂开后，能够更为容易地沿着第一槽段2321和第三槽段2323打开，提高泄压区233的打开速率，实现快速泄压。
在一些实施例中，沿盖本体的长度方向X，泄压槽232到盖本体231相对的两边缘的距离相等。
可理解的，沿盖本体的长度方向X，泄压槽232的一端到盖本体231相临近的一个边缘的距离等于泄压槽232的另一端到盖本体231的另一个边缘的距离。以第一槽段2321和第三槽段2323为沿盖本体的宽度方向Y延伸的直线槽为例，沿盖本体的长度方向X，第一槽段2321到盖本体231相临近的一个边缘的距离等于第三槽段2323到盖本体231的另一个边缘的距离。
本实施例中，泄压槽232在盖本体的长度方向X居中设置，便于泄压区233在电池单体20热失控时及时打开泄压。
本申请实施例提供一种电池单体20，包括壳体21、电极组件22和上述任意一个实施例提供的端盖23。壳体21具有开口。电极组件22容纳于壳体21内。端盖23封闭开口。
本申请实施例提供一种电池100，包括箱体10和上述任意一个实施例提供的电池单体20，电池单体20容纳于箱体10内。
在一些实施例中，箱体10具有底壁，端盖23设置于电池单体20面向底壁的一侧。
底壁为箱体10常规使用下位于底部的壁。以箱体10包括第一部分11和第二部分12为例，在常规使用下，第二部分12盖合于第一部分11的顶部，第一部分11背离第二部分12的壁即为底壁。
端盖23设置于电池单体20面向底壁的一侧，使得电池单体20处于倒置状态。
本申请实施例还提供一种用电设备，包括上述任意一个实施例提供的电池100。
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
以上实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，并不用于限制本申请，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种端盖，所述端盖包括：
    盖本体；
    泄压槽，设置于所述盖本体，所述泄压槽界定出泄压区；
    其中，所述泄压区的长度方向与所述盖本体的宽度方向一致。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的端盖，其中，沿所述盖本体的宽度方向，所述泄压槽到所述盖本体的边缘的距离与所述盖本体的宽度的比值为0.05-0.3。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的端盖，其中，沿所述盖本体的宽度方向，所述泄压槽到所述盖本体的边缘的距离与所述盖本体的宽度的比值为0.1-0.25。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的端盖，其中，沿所述盖本体的宽度方向，所述泄压槽到盖本体相对的两边缘的距离相等。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的端盖，其中，所述盖本体局部沿盖本体的厚度方向凸出形成凸部，沿所述盖本体的宽度方向，所述凸部与所述盖本体的边缘存在距离；
    其中，所述泄压槽设置于所述凸部。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的端盖，其中，沿所述盖本体的宽度方向，所述凸部到所述盖本体的边缘的距离与所述盖本体的宽度的比值为0.005-0.25。
  7. 根据权利要求5或6所述的端盖，其中，沿所述盖本体的宽度方向，所述凸部到所述盖本体相对的两边缘的距离相等。
  8. 根据权利要求5-7任一项所述的端盖，其中，所述凸部凸出于所述盖本体的一端设有凹部，所述泄压槽设置于所述凹部的底面。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的端盖，其中，沿所述盖本体的宽度方向，所述泄压槽到所述盖本体的边缘的距离与所述凹部到所述盖本体的边缘的距离之差为1-10mm。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9任一项所述的端盖，其中，所述泄压槽为沿封闭轨迹延伸的封闭槽。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的端盖，其中，所述泄压槽包括首尾依次连接的第一槽段、第二槽段、第三槽段和第四槽段；
    沿所述盖本体的长度方向，所述第一槽段与所述第三槽段相对设置，所述第一槽段与所述第三槽段之间的最大距离为第一距离；
    沿所述盖本体的宽度方向，所述第二槽段与所述第四槽段相对设置，所述第二槽段与所述第四槽段之间的最小距离为第二距离；
    其中，所述第二距离大于所述第一距离。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的端盖，其中，所述第二槽段和所述第四槽段为圆弧槽；和/或
    所述第一槽段和所述第三槽段为沿所述盖本体的宽度方向延伸的直线槽。
  13. 根据权利要求1-12任一项所述的端盖，其中，沿所述盖本体的长度方向，所述泄压槽到所述盖本体相对的两边缘的距离相等。
  14. 一种电池单体，包括：
    壳体，具有开口；
    电极组件，容纳于所述壳体内；
    如权利要求1-13任一项所述的端盖，所述端盖封闭所述开口。
  15. 一种电池，包括：
    箱体；
    如权利要求14所述的电池单体，所述电池单体容纳于所述箱体内。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的电池，其中，所述箱体具有底壁，所述端盖设置于所述电池单体面向所述底壁的一侧。
  17. 一种用电设备，包括如权利要求15或16所述的电池。
PCT/CN2022/093137 2022-05-16 2022-05-16 端盖、电池单体、电池及用电设备 WO2023220887A1 (zh)

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JP2001102024A (ja) * 1999-09-29 2001-04-13 Alps Electric Co Ltd 安全弁付密閉部品
CN215988966U (zh) * 2021-09-28 2022-03-08 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 端盖组件、电池单体、电池以及用电装置
CN216120619U (zh) * 2021-10-12 2022-03-22 厦门海辰新能源科技有限公司 电池的顶盖板、顶盖组件及电池
CN216288669U (zh) * 2021-10-09 2022-04-12 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 端盖、电池单体、电池以及用电装置
CN216354620U (zh) * 2021-11-30 2022-04-19 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 电池单体、电池以及用电装置
CN216903136U (zh) * 2022-01-13 2022-07-05 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 电池单体、电池及用电设备

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2001102024A (ja) * 1999-09-29 2001-04-13 Alps Electric Co Ltd 安全弁付密閉部品
CN215988966U (zh) * 2021-09-28 2022-03-08 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 端盖组件、电池单体、电池以及用电装置
CN216288669U (zh) * 2021-10-09 2022-04-12 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 端盖、电池单体、电池以及用电装置
CN216120619U (zh) * 2021-10-12 2022-03-22 厦门海辰新能源科技有限公司 电池的顶盖板、顶盖组件及电池
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