WO2023184110A1 - 外壳、电池单体、电池及用电设备 - Google Patents

外壳、电池单体、电池及用电设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023184110A1
WO2023184110A1 PCT/CN2022/083483 CN2022083483W WO2023184110A1 WO 2023184110 A1 WO2023184110 A1 WO 2023184110A1 CN 2022083483 W CN2022083483 W CN 2022083483W WO 2023184110 A1 WO2023184110 A1 WO 2023184110A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
groove
peripheral wall
housing
grooves
along
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/083483
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈小波
白静峰
顾明光
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to EP22933967.6A priority Critical patent/EP4398400A1/en
Priority to PCT/CN2022/083483 priority patent/WO2023184110A1/zh
Priority to CN202280032339.2A priority patent/CN117242632A/zh
Publication of WO2023184110A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023184110A1/zh
Priority to US18/634,859 priority patent/US20240274926A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/131—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by physical properties, e.g. gas permeability, size or heat resistance
    • H01M50/133—Thickness
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/107—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H01M50/148—Lids or covers characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/152—Lids or covers characterised by their shape for cells having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/213—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for cells having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/342—Non-re-sealable arrangements
    • H01M50/3425—Non-re-sealable arrangements in the form of rupturable membranes or weakened parts, e.g. pierced with the aid of a sharp member
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/375—Vent means sensitive to or responsive to temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H01M2200/10—Temperature sensitive devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H01M2200/20—Pressure-sensitive devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/14—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings for protecting against damage caused by external factors
    • H01M50/143—Fireproof; Explosion-proof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery technology, specifically, to a casing, a battery cell, a battery and electrical equipment.
  • batteries are used more and more widely, such as in mobile phones, laptops, battery cars, electric cars, electric airplanes, electric ships, electric toy cars, electric toy ships, electric toy airplanes and electric tools, etc. superior.
  • the battery cell As an energy storage element, the battery cell generally outputs electrical energy through a chemical reaction between the electrode assembly and the electrolyte. In order to improve the safety of the battery, a pressure relief mechanism is generally installed in the battery cell. In battery technology, not only the safety of the battery cells needs to be considered, but also the service life of the battery cells needs to be considered. Therefore, how to improve the service life of battery cells is an urgent problem to be solved in battery technology.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide a casing, a battery cell, a battery and electrical equipment, which can effectively increase the service life of the battery cell.
  • inventions of the present application provide a housing for accommodating an electrode assembly.
  • the housing includes a peripheral wall and a groove group; the peripheral wall is used to surround the electrode assembly; the groove group includes a peripheral wall arranged along the circumferential direction of the peripheral wall.
  • a plurality of first grooves on the peripheral wall, the peripheral wall is configured to split along the first grooves when the pressure or temperature inside the housing reaches a threshold to relieve the pressure inside the housing; wherein,
  • the groove set also includes a plurality of second grooves arranged on the peripheral wall along the circumferential direction. Along the circumferential direction, the second grooves and the first grooves are alternately arranged, and the peripheral wall is arranged on the peripheral wall. The residual thickness at the position of the second groove is greater than the residual thickness of the peripheral wall at the position of the first groove.
  • the peripheral wall is provided with second grooves alternately arranged with the first grooves, the residual thickness of the peripheral wall at the position of the second groove is greater than the residual thickness of the peripheral wall at the position of the first groove, and the residual thickness of the peripheral wall at the position of the second groove
  • the anti-destruction ability is greater than the anti-destruction ability of the peripheral wall at the position of the first groove.
  • the depth of the second groove is less than the depth of the first groove, so that the residual thickness of the peripheral wall at the position of the second groove is greater than the position of the peripheral wall at the first groove. the remaining thickness.
  • the width of the first groove is less than the width of the second groove.
  • the width of the first groove is small and the depth is large, and the width of the second groove is large and the depth is small, so that the amount of material removed when forming the first groove and the second groove on the peripheral wall is basically the same, so that the peripheral wall is formed when the first groove and the second groove are formed.
  • the forces in the groove are closer, reducing the deformation of the peripheral wall, making the shape of the peripheral wall more regular, and improving the assembly quality of the battery cells.
  • the difference between the residual thickness of the peripheral wall at the position of the second groove and the residual thickness of the peripheral wall at the position of the first groove is not less than 0.01 mm.
  • the difference between the residual thickness of the peripheral wall at the position of the second groove and the residual thickness of the peripheral wall at the position of the first groove may be too small, which may cause the pressure of the peripheral wall to be relieved simultaneously at the positions of the first groove and the second groove. Therefore, the The difference between the residual thickness of the peripheral wall at the position of the second groove and the residual thickness of the peripheral wall at the position of the first groove is set within a reasonable range, thereby reducing the risk of simultaneous pressure relief of the peripheral wall at the positions of the first groove and the second groove.
  • the total number of the first slots and the second slots is N, and the angle between the adjacent first slots and the second slots is is 360°/N.
  • the first groove and the second groove are evenly arranged on the peripheral wall, making the shape of the peripheral wall more regular and improving the assembly quality of the battery cells.
  • the first groove and/or the second groove are provided on the outer surface of the peripheral wall. In this way, the difficulty of forming the first groove and/or the second groove is reduced.
  • the peripheral wall has a pressure relief portion
  • the first groove defines the pressure relief portion
  • the pressure relief portion is configured to respond to the pressure when the pressure or temperature inside the housing reaches a threshold.
  • the first groove is open to the boundary to relieve pressure inside the housing.
  • the pressure relief part When the pressure or temperature inside the casing reaches a threshold value, the pressure relief part will be opened as a boundary with the first groove, and an opening will be formed on the peripheral wall at a position corresponding to the pressure relief part, and the emissions in the casing will be discharged through the opening.
  • the larger pressure relief area allows emissions to be quickly discharged from the housing, improving the pressure relief rate.
  • the first groove is a non-closed groove with a distance between two ends. In this way, when the pressure or temperature inside the shell reaches the threshold value, the pressure relief part will open outward in a flipped form. The opened pressure relief part is still partially connected to other parts of the peripheral wall except the pressure relief part, and the pressure relief part does not It will fly out due to the rapid discharge of emissions.
  • the first groove includes a first groove part, a second groove part and a third groove part, and the first groove part and the third groove part are arranged oppositely along the extension direction of the peripheral wall, The first groove part, the second groove part and the third groove part are connected in sequence to define the pressure relief part.
  • the structure of the first groove is simple. When the pressure or temperature inside the casing reaches a threshold value, the peripheral wall will split along the second groove portion and then along the first groove portion and the third groove portion, so that the pressure relief portion gradually moves toward It is turned outwards and has a large pressure relief area.
  • the second groove portion includes a linear groove segment extending along a linear trajectory, and the first groove portion and the third groove portion are arranged opposite to each other along the extending direction of the linear groove segment;
  • the length of the linear groove segment is L
  • the residual thickness of the peripheral wall at the position of the linear groove segment is H, which satisfies: 1/5*H+1/2*L>0.55.
  • the second groove portion further includes a first arc chamfer section and a second arc chamfer section
  • the first arc chamfer section is configured to connect the first groove portion and the second arc chamfer section.
  • the linear groove section and the second arc chamfer section are configured to connect the second groove portion and the linear groove section.
  • the arrangement of the first arc chamfer section enables the linear groove section to transition to the first groove portion more smoothly
  • the arrangement of the second arc chamfer section enables the linear groove section to transition to the third groove portion more smoothly. This makes the pressure relief part more smoothly flipped outward and open.
  • the first groove is a closed groove connected from end to end. In this way, when the pressure or temperature inside the housing reaches a threshold value, the pressure relief part will be completely separated from other parts of the peripheral wall except the pressure relief part, resulting in a larger pressure relief area.
  • the outline shape of the first groove is circular or oval.
  • the first groove has a simple structure and is easy to be formed and manufactured.
  • the second groove has the same profile shape as the first groove.
  • the deformation amount of the peripheral wall when forming the first groove can be better balanced, making the shape of the peripheral wall more regular.
  • a plurality of the groove groups are provided on the peripheral wall, and the plurality of groove groups are arranged along the extension direction of the peripheral wall. Multiple groove groups are provided on the peripheral wall to improve the pressure relief capability of the shell, allowing the shell to release pressure from more locations when the pressure or temperature inside the shell reaches a threshold, thereby increasing the pressure relief rate.
  • the peripheral wall is a cylinder. Providing second grooves on the peripheral wall of the cylinder, and the second grooves and the first grooves are alternately arranged, can improve the roundness of the peripheral wall, ensure the size requirements of the electrode assembly into the shell, thereby improving the assembly quality of the battery cells.
  • the housing further includes a bottom wall and an end cover.
  • the bottom wall is located at one end of the peripheral wall and is integrally formed with the peripheral wall.
  • An opening is formed at an end of the peripheral wall opposite to the bottom wall; the end cover is Cover the opening.
  • the casing has a simple structure and is easy to accommodate the electrode assembly in the casing to assemble the battery cells.
  • embodiments of the present application provide a battery cell, including an electrode assembly and a casing provided in any one of the embodiments of the first aspect, and the casing is used to accommodate the electrode assembly.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a battery, including a box and the battery cell provided in any embodiment of the second aspect; the box is used to accommodate the battery cell.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an electrical device, including the battery provided in any one of the embodiments of the third aspect.
  • embodiments of the present application provide a method for manufacturing a shell.
  • the manufacturing method includes: providing a shell having a peripheral wall; processing a groove set on the peripheral wall; wherein the groove set includes a groove set along the peripheral wall.
  • a plurality of first grooves and a plurality of second grooves are provided on the circumferential wall in the circumferential direction of the circumferential wall. Along the circumferential direction, the second grooves are alternately arranged with the first grooves.
  • the circumferential wall is arranged on the second groove. a residual thickness at the location of the groove is greater than a residual thickness of the peripheral wall at the location of the first groove, the peripheral wall being configured to split along the first groove when the pressure or temperature inside the housing reaches a threshold, to relieve the pressure inside the housing.
  • processing the groove set on the peripheral wall includes: alternately punching out the first grooves and the second grooves on the peripheral wall.
  • embodiments of the present application further provide a manufacturing equipment for a casing.
  • the manufacturing equipment includes a providing device and a processing device; the providing device is used to provide a casing, and the casing has a peripheral wall; and the processing device is used to process the casing on the peripheral wall.
  • the groove group includes a plurality of first grooves and a plurality of second grooves arranged on the peripheral wall along the circumferential direction of the peripheral wall, and along the circumferential direction, the second grooves and the The first grooves are alternately arranged, and the residual thickness of the peripheral wall at the position of the second groove is greater than the residual thickness of the peripheral wall at the position of the first groove, and the peripheral wall is configured so that the pressure inside the housing or When the temperature reaches a threshold, it splits along the first groove to relieve the pressure inside the housing.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 2 is an exploded view of a battery provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 3 is an exploded view of a battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the housing shown in Figure 3;
  • Figure 5 is an A-A cross-sectional view of the housing shown in Figure 4;
  • Figure 6 is a partial enlarged view of B of the housing shown in Figure 4.
  • Figure 7 is a C-C cross-sectional view of the housing shown in Figure 6;
  • Figure 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a housing provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a housing provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 10 is a flow chart of a method for manufacturing a housing provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic block diagram of the manufacturing equipment of the housing provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Icon 10-box; 11-first part; 12-second part; 20-battery cell; 21-casing; 211-peripheral wall; 2111-pressure relief part; 212-end cover; 2121-electrode terminal; 213- Bottom wall; 214-groove group; 2141-first groove; 2141a-first groove part; 2141b-third groove part; 2141c-straight-line groove section; 2141d-first arc chamfer section; 2141f-second arc Chamfered section; 2142-second slot; 22-electrode assembly; 221-positive pole tab; 222-negative pole tab; 23-current collecting member; 100-battery; 200-controller; 300-motor; 1000-vehicle; 2000-manufacturing equipment; 2100-providing device; 2200-processing device; Z-extension direction; X-circumferential direction.
  • an embodiment means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the application.
  • the appearances of this phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense.
  • connection can be a fixed connection, It can also be detachably connected or integrally connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be internal communication between two components.
  • connection can be a fixed connection
  • connection can also be detachably connected or integrally connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be internal communication between two components.
  • connection can also be detachably connected or integrally connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be internal communication between two components.
  • “Plural” appearing in this application means two or more (including two).
  • the battery cells may include lithium ion secondary batteries, lithium ion primary batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, sodium lithium ion batteries, sodium ion batteries or magnesium ion batteries, etc., which are not limited in the embodiments of this application.
  • the battery cell may be in the shape of a cylinder, a flat body, a rectangular parallelepiped or other shapes, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.
  • Battery cells are generally divided into three types according to packaging methods: cylindrical battery cells, square battery cells and soft-pack battery cells, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.
  • the battery mentioned in the embodiments of this application refers to a single physical module including one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the battery mentioned in this application may include a battery module or a battery pack.
  • Batteries generally include a box for packaging one or more battery cells. The box can prevent liquid or other foreign matter from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells.
  • the battery cell includes an electrode assembly and an electrolyte.
  • the electrode assembly consists of a positive electrode plate, a negative electrode plate and a separator. Battery cells mainly rely on the movement of metal ions between the positive and negative electrodes to work.
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer.
  • the positive electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive electrode current collector.
  • the positive electrode current collector that is not coated with the positive electrode active material layer protrudes from the positive electrode collector that is coated with the positive electrode active material layer. Fluid, the positive electrode current collector without the positive electrode active material layer is used as the positive electrode tab.
  • the material of the positive electrode current collector can be aluminum, and the positive electrode active material can be lithium cobalt oxide, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium or lithium manganate, etc.
  • the negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer.
  • the negative electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the negative electrode current collector.
  • the negative electrode current collector that is not coated with the negative electrode active material layer protrudes from the negative electrode collector that is coated with the negative electrode active material layer.
  • Fluid, the negative electrode current collector that is not coated with the negative electrode active material layer serves as the negative electrode tab.
  • the material of the negative electrode current collector can be copper, and the negative electrode active material can be carbon or silicon.
  • the number of positive electrode tabs is multiple and stacked together, and the number of negative electrode tabs is multiple and stacked together.
  • the material of the isolation film can be PP (polypropylene, polypropylene) or PE (polyethylene, polyethylene), etc.
  • the electrode assembly may have a rolled structure or a laminated structure, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto.
  • a pressure relief mechanism is generally installed in the battery cell.
  • the pressure relief mechanism is used to release the pressure inside the battery cell to reduce the risk of explosion and fire of the battery cell. risks of.
  • multiple pressure relief grooves can be provided on the peripheral wall of the shell.
  • the peripheral wall of the shell will crack along the pressure relief grooves to release the pressure inside the shell.
  • the inventor found that after a pressure relief groove is provided on the peripheral wall of the casing, the casing will deform to a certain extent, which will affect the insertion of the electrode assembly into the casing, resulting in a decrease in the quality of the battery assembly and affecting the service life of the battery cells.
  • a housing which includes a peripheral wall and a groove set.
  • the groove set includes a plurality of first grooves disposed on the peripheral wall along a circumferential direction of the peripheral wall, and the peripheral wall is configured to split along the first grooves to release the pressure inside the housing when the pressure or temperature inside the housing reaches a threshold value.
  • the groove group also includes a plurality of second grooves arranged on the peripheral wall along the circumferential direction of the peripheral wall. Along the circumferential direction of the peripheral wall, the second grooves and the first grooves are alternately arranged, and the residual thickness of the peripheral wall at the position of the second groove is greater than that of the peripheral wall. Residual thickness at the location of the first groove.
  • the peripheral wall is provided with second grooves alternately arranged with the first grooves for pressure relief, which can balance the deformation amount of the peripheral wall when forming the first groove, making the shape of the peripheral wall more regular. , improve the assembly quality of battery cells, thereby increasing the service life of battery cells.
  • Power-consuming devices can be vehicles, mobile phones, portable devices, laptops, ships, spacecraft, electric toys and power tools, etc.
  • Vehicles can be fuel vehicles, gas vehicles or new energy vehicles, and new energy vehicles can be pure electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles or extended-range vehicles, etc.
  • spacecraft include aircraft, rockets, space shuttles, spaceships, etc.
  • electric toys include fixed Type or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric ship toys and electric airplane toys, etc.
  • electric tools include metal cutting electric tools, grinding electric tools, assembly electric tools and railway electric tools, for example, Electric drills, electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators, planers and more.
  • Electric drills Electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators, planers and more.
  • the following embodiments take the electrical equipment as a vehicle as an example.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle 1000 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery 100 is disposed inside the vehicle 1000 , and the battery 100 may be disposed at the bottom, head, or tail of the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 may be used to power the vehicle 1000 , for example, the battery 100 may serve as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000 .
  • the vehicle 1000 may also include a controller 200 and a motor 300 .
  • the controller 200 is used to control the battery 100 to provide power to the motor 300 , for example, for starting, navigating and driving the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 can not only be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000 , but can also be used as a driving power source for the vehicle 1000 , replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1000 .
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the battery 100 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery 100 includes a case 10 and a battery cell 20.
  • the case 10 is used to accommodate the battery cell 20.
  • the box 10 is a component that accommodates the battery cells 20.
  • the box 10 provides a storage space for the battery cells 20.
  • the box 10 can adopt a variety of structures.
  • the box 10 may include a first part 11 and a second part 12 , and the first part 11 and the second part 12 cover each other to define an accommodation space for accommodating the battery cells 20 .
  • the first part 11 and the second part 12 can be in various shapes, such as cuboid, cylinder, etc.
  • the first part 11 may be a hollow structure open on one side, and the second part 12 may also be a hollow structure open on one side.
  • the open side of the second part 12 is covered with the open side of the first part 11 to form a box with accommodating space.
  • the first part 11 may be a hollow structure with one side open
  • the second part 12 may be a plate-like structure
  • the second part 12 covers the open side of the first part 11 to form a box 10 with an accommodation space.
  • the first part 11 and the second part 12 can be sealed by sealing elements, which can be sealing rings, sealants, etc.
  • the battery 100 there may be one battery cell 20 or a plurality of battery cells 20. If there are multiple battery cells 20 , the multiple battery cells 20 can be connected in series, in parallel, or in mixed connection. Mixed connection means that the multiple battery cells 20 are both connected in series and in parallel. Multiple battery cells 20 may be first connected in series, parallel, or mixed to form a battery module, and then multiple battery modules may be connected in series, parallel, or mixed to form a whole, and be accommodated in the box 10 . It is also possible that all the battery cells 20 are directly connected in series or in parallel or mixed together, and then the entire battery cell 20 is accommodated in the box 10 .
  • the battery 100 may further include a bus component, through which the multiple battery cells 20 may be electrically connected to achieve series, parallel, or mixed connection of the multiple battery cells 20 .
  • the bus component can be a metal conductor, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, etc.
  • FIG. 3 is an exploded view of a battery cell 20 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cell 20 includes a housing 21 and an electrode assembly 22 , and the electrode assembly 22 is accommodated in the housing 21 .
  • the housing 21 is a component that accommodates the electrode assembly 22 .
  • the housing 21 can be in various shapes, such as cylinder, cuboid, etc.
  • the housing 21 may include a peripheral wall 211 and two end caps 212.
  • the peripheral wall 211 forms two openings at both ends in its extension direction Z.
  • the two end caps 212 are used to respectively cover the peripheral wall 211.
  • the two openings form a closed space inside the housing 21 for accommodating the electrode assembly 22, electrolyte, and the like.
  • the housing 21 may include a peripheral wall 211 , an end cover 212 and a bottom wall 213 .
  • the bottom wall 213 is located at one end of the peripheral wall 211 and is integrally formed with the peripheral wall 211 .
  • the peripheral wall 211 is opposite to the bottom wall 213 An opening is formed at one end.
  • the end cap 212 is used to cover the opening of the peripheral wall 211 so that a closed space for accommodating the electrode assembly 22, electrolyte, etc. is formed inside the housing 21.
  • the electrode assembly 22 is a component in the battery cell 20 where electrochemical reactions occur.
  • the electrode assembly 22 may be a cylinder, a cuboid, or the like. If the electrode assembly 22 is a cylinder, the housing 21 can also be a cylinder; if the electrode assembly 22 is a rectangular parallelepiped, the housing 21 can also be a rectangular parallelepiped.
  • the electrode assembly 22 may include a positive electrode piece, a negative electrode piece, and a separator.
  • the electrode assembly 22 may be a rolled structure formed by winding the positive electrode sheet, the isolation film and the negative electrode sheet, or may be a stacked structure formed by a stacked arrangement of the positive electrode sheet, the isolation film and the negative electrode sheet.
  • the electrode assembly 22 has tabs, which are divided into positive tabs 221 and negative tabs 222.
  • the positive tabs 221 can be the portions of the positive electrode sheet that are not coated with the positive active material layer
  • the negative tabs 222 can be the portions of the negative electrode tabs that are not coated with the positive active material layer. The part coated with the negative active material layer.
  • Electrode terminals 2121 may be provided on the housing 21 , and the electrode terminals 2121 are electrically connected to the tabs of the electrode assembly 22 so as to output the electrical energy of the battery cell 20 through the electrode terminals 2121 .
  • the electrode terminal 2121 and the tab can be directly connected, for example, the electrode terminal 2121 and the tab are directly welded; the electrode terminal 2121 and the tab can also be connected indirectly, for example, the electrode terminal 2121 and the tab are indirectly connected through the current collecting member 23 .
  • electrode terminals 2121 can be provided on both end caps 212, and the electrode terminal 2121 on one end cap 212 can be indirectly connected to the positive electrode tab 221 through a current collecting member 23.
  • the electrode terminal 2121 on the other end cap 212 can be electrically indirectly connected to the negative electrode tab 222 through another current collecting member 23 .
  • the electrode terminal 2121 is disposed on the end cover 212 .
  • the electrode terminal 2121 may be indirectly connected to the positive electrode tab 221 through the current collecting member 23 .
  • the housing 21 The bottom wall 213 and the negative electrode tab 222 are directly welded.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the housing 21 shown in Figure 3;
  • Figure 5 is an AA cross-sectional view of the housing 21 shown in Figure 4.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a housing 21 for accommodating the electrode assembly 22 .
  • the housing 21 includes a peripheral wall 211 and a groove set 214 .
  • the peripheral wall 211 is used to surround the electrode assembly 22 .
  • the groove set 214 includes a plurality of first grooves 2141 disposed on the peripheral wall 211 along the circumferential direction Bleed the pressure inside the housing 21.
  • the groove group 214 also includes a plurality of second grooves 2142 provided on the peripheral wall 211 along the circumferential direction X of the peripheral wall 211.
  • the remaining thickness D 2 at the position of the second groove 2142 is greater than the remaining thickness D 1 of the peripheral wall 211 at the position of the first groove 2141 .
  • the peripheral wall 211 is the main part of the housing 21 extending along the length direction. After the electrode assembly 22 is accommodated in the housing 21 , the peripheral wall 211 will surround the electrode assembly 22 .
  • the peripheral wall 211 can be in various shapes, such as cylinder, cuboid, etc.
  • Both the first groove 2141 and the second groove 2142 can be formed on the peripheral wall 211 through various methods, such as stamping and milling.
  • the first groove 2141 can be provided on the outer surface of the peripheral wall 211 , or can be provided on the inner surface of the peripheral wall 211 ;
  • the second groove 2142 can be provided on the outer surface of the peripheral wall 211 , or can be provided on the inner surface of the peripheral wall 211 .
  • the outline shapes of the first groove 2141 and the second groove 2142 may be of various shapes, such as circular, elliptical, U-shaped, C-shaped or straight-line shapes.
  • the outline shape of the first groove 2141 and the outline shape of the second groove 2142 may be the same, for example, both are U-shaped; the outline shape of the first groove 2141 and the outline shape of the second groove 2142 may also be different, for example, the first groove 2141 and the second groove 2142 may have the same outline shape.
  • the outline shape of the groove 2141 is circular, and the outline shape of the second groove 2142 is elliptical.
  • the number of the first slots 2141 may be two, three or more, the number of the second slots 2142 may also be two, three or more, and both the first slots 2141 and the second slots 2142 may be an odd number. , or an even number.
  • the second grooves 2142 and the first grooves 2141 are alternately arranged along the circumferential direction In the circumferential direction X, a second groove 2142 is provided between every two adjacent first grooves 2141 .
  • first groove 2141 and the second groove 2142 in the groove group 214 having three positions, the arrangement of the six grooves in the groove group 214 along the circumferential direction X of the peripheral wall 211 is: first groove 2141 - second groove 2142 - first groove 2141 - second groove 2142 - first groove 2141 - second groove 2142.
  • the remaining thickness D 1 of the peripheral wall 211 at the position of the first groove 2141 is the minimum thickness of the remaining portion of the peripheral wall 211 after the first groove 2141 is provided.
  • the remaining thickness D 2 of the peripheral wall 211 at the position of the second groove 2142 is the minimum thickness of the remaining portion of the peripheral wall 211 after the second groove 2142 is provided.
  • the peripheral wall 211 is provided with second grooves 2142 alternately arranged with the first grooves 2141.
  • the residual thickness D2 of the peripheral wall 211 at the position of the second groove 2142 is greater than the residual thickness D2 of the peripheral wall 211 at the position of the first groove 2141.
  • the anti-destruction ability of the peripheral wall 211 at the position of the second groove 2142 is greater than the anti-destruction ability of the peripheral wall 211 at the position of the first groove 2141 .
  • the setting of the second groove 2142 can balance the deformation amount of the peripheral wall 211 when the first groove 2141 is formed, so that the peripheral wall
  • the shape of 211 is more regular, which improves the assembly quality of the battery cells 20 and thereby increases the service life of the battery cells 20 .
  • the structural strength of the housing 21 can be improved.
  • the peripheral wall 211 cracks along the first groove 2141 to release the pressure, if the pressure or temperature inside the housing 21 continues to rise to the secondary pressure relief threshold, the peripheral wall 211 will continue to Split along the second groove 2142 to achieve secondary pressure relief of the casing 21 and improve the safety of the battery cell 20 .
  • the depth h 2 of the second groove 2142 is smaller than the depth h 1 of the first groove 2141 , so that the residual thickness D 2 of the peripheral wall 211 at the position of the second groove 2142 is greater than the residual thickness D 2 of the peripheral wall 211 at the position of the second groove 2142 .
  • the remaining thickness D 1 at the position of the first groove 2141 is smaller than the depth h 1 of the first groove 2141 , so that the residual thickness D 2 of the peripheral wall 211 at the position of the second groove 2142 is greater than the residual thickness D 2 of the peripheral wall 211 at the position of the second groove 2142 .
  • the wall thickness of the peripheral wall 211 is uniform. Then, the residual thickness D 1 of the peripheral wall 211 at the position of the first groove 2141 is equal to the difference between the wall thickness F of the peripheral wall 211 and the depth h 1 of the first groove 2141 , and the residual thickness D 2 of the peripheral wall 211 at the position of the second groove 2142 is equal to The difference between the wall thickness F of the peripheral wall 211 and the depth h 2 of the second groove 2142.
  • the depth of the second groove 2142 by making the depth of the second groove 2142 smaller than the depth of the first groove 2141, the residual thickness D2 of the peripheral wall 211 at the position of the second groove 2142 is greater than the residual thickness D2 of the peripheral wall 211 at the position of the first groove 2141.
  • D 1 the implementation is simple.
  • the depth h 2 of the second groove 2142 is smaller than the depth h 1 of the first groove 2141, the difficulty of forming the second groove 2142 can be effectively reduced.
  • the width L 1 of the first groove 2141 is smaller than the width L 2 of the second groove 2142 .
  • the first groove 2141 has a small width and a large depth
  • the second groove 2142 has a large width and a small depth, so that the amount of material removed when the first groove 2141 and the second groove 2142 are formed on the peripheral wall 211 is basically the same. , so that the forces on the peripheral wall 211 when forming the first groove 2141 and the second groove 2142 are closer, reducing the deformation of the peripheral wall 211, making the shape of the peripheral wall 211 more regular, and improving the assembly quality of the battery cells 20.
  • the difference between the residual thickness D 2 of the peripheral wall 211 at the position of the second groove 2142 and the residual thickness D 1 of the peripheral wall 211 at the position of the first groove 2141 is not less than 0.01 mm, that is, D 2 – D 1 ⁇ 0.01mm.
  • the difference between the residual thickness D 2 of the peripheral wall 211 at the position of the second groove 2142 and the residual thickness D 1 of the peripheral wall 211 at the position of the first groove 2141 is too small, which may cause the peripheral wall 211 to have a gap between the first groove 2141 and the second groove 2142 position and pressure relief at the same time.
  • the difference between the residual thickness D 2 of the peripheral wall 211 at the position of the second groove 2142 and the residual thickness D 1 of the peripheral wall 211 at the position of the first groove 2141 is set within a reasonable range to reduce the thickness of the peripheral wall 211 Risk of simultaneous pressure relief at the location of first groove 2141 and second groove 2142.
  • the total number of the first slots 2141 and the second slots 2142 is N, and the angle between the adjacent first slots 2141 and the second slots 2142 is 360°/N. .
  • first slots 2141 and second slots 2142 in the slot group 214 as an example, it can be understood that there are three first slots 2141 and three second slots 2142 , and the adjacent first slots 2141 and 2142 are three.
  • the angle between the groove 2141 and the second groove 2142 is 60°.
  • the first grooves 2141 and the second grooves 2142 are evenly arranged on the peripheral wall 211.
  • the first grooves 2141 and the second grooves 2142 are processed on the peripheral wall 211, they are evenly stressed, making the shape of the peripheral wall 211 more regular. The assembly quality of the battery cells 20 is improved.
  • the first groove 2141 and/or the second groove 2142 are provided on the outer surface of the peripheral wall 211 . In this way, the difficulty of forming the first groove 2141 and/or the second groove 2142 is reduced.
  • FIG. 6 is a partial enlarged view of B of the housing 21 shown in FIG. 4 .
  • the peripheral wall 211 has a pressure relief portion 2111.
  • the first groove 2141 defines the pressure relief portion 2111.
  • the pressure relief portion 2111 is configured to open with the first groove 2141 as a boundary when the pressure or temperature inside the housing 21 reaches a threshold value to release the housing. 21 Internal pressure.
  • the pressure relief portion 2111 is an area defined by the first groove 2141 on the peripheral wall 211 , and the first groove 2141 is located at the edge of the pressure relief portion 2111 .
  • the pressure relief part 2111 When the pressure or temperature inside the housing 21 reaches the threshold, the pressure relief part 2111 will be opened with the first groove 2141 as the boundary, an opening will be formed on the peripheral wall 211 at a position corresponding to the pressure relief part 2111, and the emissions in the housing 21 will Discharging through the opening has a large pressure relief area, so that the emissions can be quickly discharged from the housing 21 and the pressure relief rate is improved.
  • the first groove 2141 is a non-closed groove with a distance between both ends.
  • the two ends of the first groove 2141 are not connected together, but are separated from each other.
  • the first groove 2141 of this structure is a non-closed groove.
  • the pressure relief part 2111 When the pressure or temperature inside the housing 21 reaches a threshold, the pressure relief part 2111 will be opened outward in a flipped manner.
  • the opened pressure relief part 2111 is still partially connected to other parts of the peripheral wall 211 except the pressure relief part 2111, and the pressure relief part 2111 is Part 2111 will not fly out due to the rapid discharge of emissions.
  • the first groove 2141 includes a first groove part 2141a, a second groove part, and a third groove part 2141b.
  • the first groove part 2141a and the third groove part 2141b extend along the peripheral wall 211 The direction Z is arranged oppositely, and the first groove portion 2141a, the second groove portion and the third groove portion 2141b are connected in sequence to define the pressure relief portion 2111.
  • the first groove portion 2141a and the third groove portion 2141b both extend along the circumferential direction X (shown in FIG. 5 ) of the peripheral wall 211 .
  • the second groove portion may be a linear groove extending along the extension direction Z of the peripheral wall 211 , or may be a non-linear groove. Slots, such as arc slots.
  • the outline shape of the first groove 2141 is roughly U-shaped, and the structure of the first groove 2141 is simple.
  • the peripheral wall 211 moves along the second groove portion. After splitting, it will split along the first groove portion 2141a and the third groove portion 2141b, so that the pressure relief portion 2111 gradually turns outward and opens to have a larger pressure relief area.
  • FIG. 7 is a C-C cross-sectional view of the housing 21 shown in FIG. 6 .
  • the second groove portion includes a linear groove segment 2141c extending along a linear trajectory.
  • the first groove portion 2141a and the third groove portion 2141b are arranged oppositely.
  • the length of the linear groove section 2141c is L, and the residual thickness of the peripheral wall 211 at the position of the linear groove section 2141c is H, which satisfies: 1/5*H+1/2*L>0.55.
  • the residual thickness H of the peripheral wall 211 at the position of the linear groove section 2141c is equal to the residual thickness D 1 of the peripheral wall 211 at the position of the first groove 2141 .
  • the length L of the linear groove section 2141c satisfies a certain relationship with the residual thickness H of the peripheral wall 211 at the position of the linear groove section 2141c, so that the shell 21 meets the pressure relief requirements.
  • H and L can be set according to the actual process conditions. size. For example, when H needs to be set larger, L can be set smaller accordingly.
  • the second groove part further includes a first arc chamfer section 2141d and a second arc chamfer section 2141f, the first arc chamfer section 2141d is configured to connect the first arc chamfer section 2141d.
  • the groove portion 2141a and the linear groove segment 2141c, and the second arc chamfer segment 2141f are configured to connect the second groove portion and the linear groove segment 2141c.
  • the radius of the first arc chamfering segment 2141d is equal to the radius of the second arc chamfering segment 2141f.
  • the first groove portion 2141a and the linear groove segment 2141c are both tangent to the first arc chamfer segment 2141d, and the third groove portion 2141b and the linear groove segment 2141c are both tangent to the second arc chamfer segment 2141f.
  • the arrangement of the first arc chamfer section 2141d enables the linear groove section 2141c to transition to the first groove portion 2141a more smoothly
  • the arrangement of the second arc chamfer section 2141f enables the linear groove section 2141c to A smoother transition to the third groove portion 2141b makes the pressure relief portion 2111 smoother during the outward flipping and opening process.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of the housing 21 provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of the housing 21 provided in some further embodiments of the present application.
  • the first groove 2141 is a closed groove connected at both ends. In this way, when the pressure or temperature inside the housing 21 reaches the threshold value, the pressure relief portion 2111 will be completely separated from other parts of the peripheral wall 211 except the pressure relief portion 2111, thereby having a larger pressure relief area.
  • the outline shape of the first groove 2141 is circular or oval.
  • the outline shape of the first groove 2141 is circular; in FIG. 9 , the outline shape of the first groove 2141 is an ellipse.
  • the circular or elliptical first groove 2141 has a simple structure and is easy to be formed and manufactured.
  • the first groove 2141 can also be a closed groove of other shapes.
  • the outline shape of the first groove 2141 is a polygon.
  • the outline shape of the second groove 2142 is the same as the outline shape of the first groove 2141 .
  • the second groove 2142 is also a closed groove.
  • the outline shape of the first groove 2141 is U-shaped, and the outline shape of the second groove 2142 is also U-shaped.
  • the second groove 2142 is also a closed groove.
  • the outline shape of the first groove 2141 is circular, and the outline shape of the second groove 2142 is also circular.
  • the outline shape of the second groove 2142 is the same as the outline shape of the first groove 2141.
  • the deformation amount of the peripheral wall 211 when forming the first groove 2141 can be better balanced, so that the peripheral wall The shape of 211 is more regular.
  • a plurality of groove groups 214 are provided on the peripheral wall 211 , and the plurality of groove groups 214 are arranged along the extension direction Z of the peripheral wall 211 .
  • the number of groove groups 214 on the peripheral wall 211 may be two, three, four or more. For example, in Figures 4, 8 and 9, there are two groove groups 214 on the peripheral wall 211.
  • multiple groove groups 214 are provided on the peripheral wall 211 to improve the pressure relief capability of the housing 21, so that when the pressure or temperature inside the housing 21 reaches a threshold value, the housing 21 can release pressure from more locations, thereby improving the pressure relief capability. pressure rate.
  • peripheral wall 211 is a cylinder.
  • the shell 21 has a cylindrical structure and is suitable for cylindrical battery cells.
  • the second grooves 2142 are provided on the peripheral wall 211 of the cylinder, and the second grooves 2142 and the first grooves 2141 are alternately arranged, which can improve the roundness of the peripheral wall 211 and ensure the size requirements of the electrode assembly 22 when it is inserted into the case, thereby improving the battery cell 20 assembly quality.
  • the first groove portion 2141a, the second groove portion and the third groove portion 2141b of the first groove 2141 are connected in sequence to define the pressure relief portion 2111
  • the first groove portion 2141a and the third groove portion 2141b are along the The extending directions Z of the peripheral wall 211 are opposite to each other, and the peripheral wall 211 is a cylinder, so that the pressure relief portion 2111 is in a curved state.
  • the pressure relief portion 2111 in the bent state can more easily flip outward to release the pressure inside the housing 21.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a battery cell 20, which includes an electrode assembly 22 and a casing 21 provided in any of the above embodiments.
  • the casing 21 is used to accommodate the electrode assembly 22.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a battery 100, which includes a box 10 and the battery cell 20 provided in any of the above embodiments.
  • the box 10 is used to accommodate the battery cell 20.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides an electrical device, including the battery 100 provided in any of the above embodiments.
  • the powered device may be any of the above-mentioned devices using the battery 100 .
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a cylindrical shell 21.
  • the shell 21 includes a peripheral wall 211 and two groove groups 214.
  • the two groove groups 214 are arranged along the extension direction Z of the peripheral wall 211.
  • the groove set 214 includes a plurality of first grooves 2141 disposed on the peripheral wall 211 along the circumferential direction Bleed the pressure inside the housing 21.
  • the groove set 214 also includes a plurality of second grooves 2142 provided on the peripheral wall 211 along the circumferential direction X.
  • the outline shape of the first groove 2141 is generally U-shaped, and the residual thickness D 2 of the peripheral wall 211 at the position of the second groove 2142 is greater than the residual thickness D 1 of the peripheral wall 211 at the position of the first groove 2141 .
  • the peripheral wall 211 is provided with second grooves 2142 alternately arranged with the first grooves 2141.
  • the provision of the second grooves 2142 can balance the deformation amount of the peripheral wall 211 when the first grooves 2141 are formed, and improve the strength of the peripheral wall 211.
  • the roundness ensures the size requirements for the electrode assembly 22 to fit into the case, thereby improving the assembly quality of the battery cell 20 .
  • FIG. 10 is a flow chart of a manufacturing method of the housing 21 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a method for manufacturing the housing 21.
  • the manufacturing method includes:
  • S100 Provide a housing 21 with a peripheral wall 211;
  • the groove group 214 includes a plurality of first grooves 2141 and a plurality of second grooves 2142 provided on the peripheral wall 211 along the circumferential direction X of the peripheral wall 211.
  • the residual thickness D 2 of the peripheral wall 211 at the position of the second groove 2142 is greater than the residual thickness D 1 of the peripheral wall 211 at the position of the first groove 2141 , and the peripheral wall 211 is configured to edge when the pressure or temperature inside the housing 21 reaches a threshold.
  • the first groove 2141 is split to release the pressure inside the housing 21.
  • step S200 includes: alternately punching out first grooves 2141 and second grooves 2142 on the peripheral wall 211 .
  • a first groove 2141 can be punched out on the peripheral wall 211 first, and then, a first groove 2141 can be punched out on the peripheral wall 211 at a position adjacent to the first groove 2141.
  • the second groove 2142 is punched out on the peripheral wall 211 at a position adjacent to the second groove 2142.
  • the first grooves 2141 and the second grooves 2142 are alternately punched out on the peripheral wall 211.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic block diagram of a manufacturing equipment 2000 for the housing 21 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a manufacturing equipment 2000 for the housing 21.
  • the manufacturing equipment 2000 includes a providing device 2100 and a processing device 2200.
  • the providing device 2100 is used to provide the housing 21 having a peripheral wall 211 .
  • the processing device 2200 is used to process the groove group 214 on the peripheral wall 211 .
  • the groove group 214 includes a plurality of first grooves 2141 and a plurality of second grooves 2142 provided on the peripheral wall 211 along the circumferential direction X of the peripheral wall 211.
  • the residual thickness D 2 of the peripheral wall 211 at the position of the second groove 2142 is greater than the residual thickness D 1 of the peripheral wall 211 at the position of the first groove 2141 , and the peripheral wall 211 is configured to edge when the pressure or temperature inside the housing 21 reaches a threshold.
  • the first groove 2141 is split to release the pressure inside the housing 21.
  • housing 21 manufactured by the manufacturing equipment 2000 provided in the above embodiments can be referred to the housing 21 provided in the previous embodiments, and will not be described again here.

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Abstract

本申请实施例提供了一种外壳、电池单体、电池及用电设备，属于电池技术领域。其中，外壳包括周壁和槽组。周壁用于围设于电极组件的周围。槽组包括沿周壁的周向设置于周壁上的多个第一槽，周壁被配置为在外壳内部的压力或温度达到阈值时沿着第一槽裂开，以泄放外壳内部的压力。其中，槽组还包括沿周向设置于周壁上的多个第二槽，沿周向，第二槽与第一槽交替设置，周壁在第二槽的位置的残留厚度大于周壁在第一槽的位置的残留厚度。第二槽与第一槽在周壁的周向上交替设置，第二槽的设置能够平衡周壁在成型第一槽时的形变量，使得周壁的形状更为规则，提高电池单体的装配质量，从而提高电池单体的使用寿命。

Description

外壳、电池单体、电池及用电设备 技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种外壳、电池单体、电池及用电设备。
背景技术
随着新能源技术的发展，电池的应用越来越广泛，例如应用在手机、笔记本电脑、电瓶车、电动汽车、电动飞机、电动轮船、电动玩具汽车、电动玩具轮船、电动玩具飞机和电动工具等上。
电池单体作为储能元件，一般通过电极组件和电解液发生化学反应，从而输出电能。为提高电池的安全性，一般会在电池单体中设置泄压机构。在电池技术中，不仅需要考虑电池单体的安全性，也需要考虑电池单体的使用寿命。因此，如何提高电池单体的使用寿命是电池技术中一个亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供一种外壳、电池单体、电池及用电设备，能够有效提高电池单体的使用寿命。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供一种外壳，用于容纳电极组件，外壳包括周壁和槽组；周壁用于围设于所述电极组件的周围；槽组包括沿所述周壁的周向设置于周壁上的多个第一槽，所述周壁被配置为在所述外壳内部的压力或温度达到阈值时沿着所述第一槽裂开，以泄放所述外壳内部的压力；其中，所述槽组还包括沿所述周向设置于所述周壁上的多个第二槽，沿所述周向，所述第二槽与所述第一槽交替设置，所述周壁在所述第二槽的位置的残留厚度大于所述周壁在所述第一槽的位置的残留厚度。
上述技术方案中，周壁上设有与第一槽交替设置的第二槽，周壁在第二槽的位置的残留厚度大于周壁在第一槽的位置的残留厚度，周壁在第二槽的位置的抗破坏能力大于周壁在第一槽的位置的抗破坏能力，在外壳内部的压力或温度达到阈值时，周壁将沿着第一槽裂开，实现泄压，此时周壁并不会沿着第二槽裂开，第二槽的设置能够平衡周壁在成型第一槽时的形变量，使得周壁的形状更为规则，提高电池单体的装配质量，从而提高电池单体的使用寿命。
在一些实施例中，所述第二槽的深度小于所述第一槽的深度，以使所述周壁在所述第二槽的位置的残留厚度大于所述周壁在所述第一槽的位置的残留厚度。通过使第二槽的深度小于第一槽的深度，实现周壁在第二槽的位置的残留厚度大于周壁在第一槽的位置的残留厚度，实现方式简单。
在一些实施例中，所述第一槽的宽度小于第二槽的宽度。第一槽的宽度小且深度大，第二槽的宽度大且深度小，使得在周壁上成型第一槽和第二槽时的去料量基本一致，使得周壁在成型第一槽和第二槽时的受力更为接近，减小周壁的变形量，使得周壁的形状更为规则，提高电池单体的装配质量。
在一些实施例中，所述周壁在所述第二槽的位置的残留厚度与所述周壁在所述第一槽的位置的残留厚度的差值不小于0.01mm。周壁在第二槽的位置的残留厚度与周壁在第一槽的位置的残留厚度的差值过小，可能会造成周壁在第一槽和第二槽的位置同时泄压的情况，因此，将周壁在第二槽的位置的残留厚度与周壁在第一槽的位置的残留厚度的差值设置在合理范围内，降低周壁在第一槽和第二槽的位置同时泄压的风险。
在一些实施例中，在所述槽组中，所述第一槽和所述第二槽的个数总和为N，相邻的所述第一槽和所述第二槽之间相距的角度为360°/N。使得第一槽和第二槽均匀布置在周壁上，使得周壁的形状更为规则，提高电池单体的装配质量。
在一些实施例中，所述第一槽和/或第二槽设置于所述周壁的外表面。这样，降低了第一 槽和/或第二槽的成型难度。
在一些实施例中，所述周壁具有泄压部，所述第一槽界定出所述泄压部，所述泄压部被配置为在所述外壳内部的压力或温度达到阈值时以所述第一槽为边界打开，以泄放所述外壳内部的压力。在外壳内部的压力或温度达到阈值时，由泄压部将以第一槽为边界打开，周壁上与泄压部对应的位置将形成开口部，外壳内的排放物将通过开口部排出，具有较大的泄压面积，使得排放物能够快速地排出外壳，提高了泄压速率。
在一些实施例中，所述第一槽为两端存在距离的非封闭槽。这样，在外壳内部的压力或温度达到阈值时，泄压部将以翻转的形式向外打开，打开后的泄压部仍然与周壁除泄压部以外的其他部分局部相连，泄压部并不会因排放物的快速排出而脱离飞出。
在一些实施例中，所述第一槽包括第一槽部、第二槽部和第三槽部，所述第一槽部与所述第三槽部沿所述周壁的延伸方向相对设置，所述第一槽部、所述第二槽部和所述第三槽部依次连接界定出所述泄压部。第一槽的结构简单，在外壳内部的压力或温度达到阈值时，周壁沿着第二槽部裂开后，将沿着第一槽部和第三槽部裂开，使得泄压部逐渐向外翻转打开，具有较大的泄压面积。
在一些实施例中，所述第二槽部包括沿直线轨迹延伸的直线槽段，沿所述直线槽段的延伸方向，所述第一槽部与所述第三槽部相对设置；所述直线槽段的长度为L，所述周壁在所述直线槽段位置的残留厚度为H，满足：1/5*H+1/2*L＞0.55。这样，使得外壳满足泄压压力要求，可以根据实际工艺情况来设置H和L的大小。
在一些实施例中，所述第二槽部还包括第一圆弧倒角段和第二圆弧倒角段，所述第一圆弧倒角段被配置为连接所述第一槽部和所述直线槽段，所述第二圆弧倒角段被配置为连接所述第二槽部和所述直线槽段。第一圆弧倒角段的设置使得直线槽段能够更为平滑地过渡至第一槽部，第二圆弧倒角段的设置使得直线槽段能够更为平滑地过渡至第三槽部，使得泄压部在向外翻转打开过程中更为顺畅。
在一些实施例中，所述第一槽为首尾两端相连的封闭槽。这样，在外壳内部的压力或温度达到阈值时，泄压部将与周壁除泄压部以外的其他部分完全脱离，具有更大的泄压面积。
在一些实施例中，所述第一槽的轮廓形状为圆形或椭圆形。第一槽结构简单，易于成型制造。
在一些实施例中，所述第二槽的轮廓形状与所述第一槽的轮廓形状相同。在成型第二槽时能够更好的平衡周壁在成型第一槽时的变形量，使得周壁的形状更为规则。
在一些实施例中，所述周壁上设有多个所述槽组，多个所述槽组沿所述周壁的延伸方向排布。在周壁上设置多个槽组，提高了外壳的泄压能力，使得外壳在其内部的压力或温度达到阈值时能够从更多位置进行泄压，提高泄压速率。
在一些实施例中，所述周壁为圆柱体。在圆柱体的周壁上设置第二槽，且第二槽与第一槽交替设置，能够提高周壁的圆度，保证电极组件入壳的尺寸要求，从而提高电池单体的装配质量。
在一些实施例中，外壳还包括底壁和端盖，所述底壁位于所述周壁的一端并与所述周壁一体成型，所述周壁与所述底壁相对的一端形成开口；端盖用于盖合于所述开口。外壳结构简单，易于将电极组件容纳于外壳内，以实现电池单体的装配。
第二方面，本申请实施例提供一种电池单体，包括电极组件和上述第一方面任意一个实施例提供的外壳，所述外壳用于容纳所述电极组件。
第三方面，本申请实施例提供一种电池，包括箱体和上述第二方面任意一个实施例提供的电池单体；箱体用于容纳所述电池单体。
第四方面，本申请实施例提供一种用电设备，包括上述第三方面任意一个实施例提供的电池。
第五方面，本申请实施例提供一种外壳的制造方法，所述制造方法包括：提供外壳，所述 外壳具有周壁；在所述周壁上加工出槽组；其中，所述槽组包括沿所述周壁的周向设置于周壁上的多个第一槽和多个第二槽，沿所述周向，所述第二槽与所述第一槽交替设置，所述周壁在所述第二槽的位置的残留厚度大于所述周壁在所述第一槽的位置的残留厚度，所述周壁被配置为在所述外壳内部的压力或温度达到阈值时沿着所述第一槽裂开，以泄放所述外壳内部的压力。
在一些实施例中，所述在所述周壁上加工出槽组包括：在所述周壁上交替冲压出所述第一槽和所述第二槽。
第六方面，本申请实施例还提供一种外壳的制造设备，所述制造设备包括提供装置和加工装置；提供装置用于提供外壳，所述外壳具有周壁；加工装置用于在所述周壁上加工出槽组；其中，所述槽组包括沿所述周壁的周向设置于周壁上的多个第一槽和多个第二槽，沿所述周向，所述第二槽与所述第一槽交替设置，所述周壁在所述第二槽的位置的残留厚度大于所述周壁在所述第一槽的位置的残留厚度，所述周壁被配置为在所述外壳内部的压力或温度达到阈值时沿着所述第一槽裂开，以泄放所述外壳内部的压力。
附图说明
图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆的结构示意图；
图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池的爆炸图；
图3为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的爆炸图；
图4为图3所示的外壳的结构示意图；
图5为图4所示的外壳的A-A剖视图；
图6为图4所示的外壳的B处的局部放大图；
图7为图6所示的外壳的C-C剖视图；
图8为本申请又一些实施例提供的外壳的结构示意图；
图9为本申请再一些实施例提供的外壳的结构示意图；
图10为本申请一些实施例提供的外壳的制造方法的流程图；
图11为本申请一些实施例提供的外壳的制造设备的示意性框图。
图标：10-箱体；11-第一部分；12-第二部分；20-电池单体；21-外壳；211-周壁；2111-泄压部；212-端盖；2121-电极端子；213-底壁；214-槽组；2141-第一槽；2141a-第一槽部；2141b-第三槽部；2141c-直线槽段；2141d-第一圆弧倒角段；2141f-第二圆弧倒角段；2142-第二槽；22-电极组件；221-正极极耳；222-负极极耳；23-集流构件；100-电池；200-控制器；300-马达；1000-车辆；2000-制造设备；2100-提供装置；2200-加工装置；Z-延伸方向；X-周向。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
除非另有定义，本申请所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本申请中在申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。本申请的说明书和权利要求书或上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别不同对象，而不是用于描述特定顺序或主次关系。
在本申请中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也 不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“附接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
本申请中术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本申请中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请的实施例中，相同的附图标记表示相同的部件，并且为了简洁，在不同实施例中，省略对相同部件的详细说明。应理解，附图示出的本申请实施例中的各种部件的厚度、长宽等尺寸，以及集成装置的整体厚度、长宽等尺寸仅为示例性说明，而不应对本申请构成任何限定。
本申请中出现的“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)。
本申请中，电池单体可以包括锂离子二次电池、锂离子一次电池、锂硫电池、钠锂离子电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。电池单体可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等，本申请实施例对此也不限定。电池单体一般按封装的方式分成三种：柱形电池单体、方形电池单体和软包电池单体，本申请实施例对此也不限定。
本申请的实施例所提到的电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。例如，本申请中所提到的电池可以包括电池模块或电池包等。电池一般包括用于封装一个或多个电池单体的箱体。箱体可以避免液体或其他异物影响电池单体的充电或放电。
电池单体包括电极组件和电解液，电极组件由正极极片、负极极片和隔离膜组成。电池单体主要依靠金属离子在正极极片和负极极片之间移动来工作。正极极片包括正极集流体和正极活性物质层，正极活性物质层涂覆于正极集流体的表面，未涂敷正极活性物质层的正极集流体凸出于已涂覆正极活性物质层的正极集流体，未涂敷正极活性物质层的正极集流体作为正极极耳。以锂离子电池为例，正极集流体的材料可以为铝，正极活性物质可以为钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂、三元锂或锰酸锂等。负极极片包括负极集流体和负极活性物质层，负极活性物质层涂覆于负极集流体的表面，未涂敷负极活性物质层的负极集流体凸出于已涂覆负极活性物质层的负极集流体，未涂敷负极活性物质层的负极集流体作为负极极耳。负极集流体的材料可以为铜，负极活性物质可以为碳或硅等。为了保证通过大电流而不发生熔断，正极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起，负极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起。隔离膜的材质可以为PP(polypropylene，聚丙烯)或PE(polyethylene，聚乙烯)等。此外，电极组件可以是卷绕式结构，也可以是叠片式结构，本申请实施例并不限于此。
电池技术的发展要同时考虑多方面的设计因素，例如，能量密度、循环寿命、放电容量、充放电倍率等性能参数，另外，还需要考虑电池的安全性。
对于电池单体来说，为保证电池单体的安全性，一般会在电池单体中设置泄压机构，通过泄压机构来泄放电池单体内部的压力，以降低电池单体爆炸、起火的风险。
发明人注意到，即使在电池单体中设置有泄压机构，仍然经常出现电池单体起火、爆炸的风险。其原因在于，目前的泄压机构一般设置在电池单体的外壳的端部，多个电池单体堆叠在一起后，壳体端部上的泄压机构会被其他电池单体所遮挡，导致泄压不及时，发生安全事故。
为提高外壳的泄压速率，可以在外壳的周壁上设置多个泄压槽，在外壳内部的压力或温度达到阈值时，外壳的周壁沿着泄压槽裂开，以泄放外壳内部的压力。然而，发明人发现，在外壳的周壁上设置泄压槽后，外壳会发生一定的变形，影响电极组件入壳，导致电池装配质量下降，影响电池单体的使用寿命。
鉴于此，本申请实施例提供一种外壳，外壳包括周壁和槽组。槽组包括沿周壁的周向设置于周壁上的多个第一槽，周壁被配置为在外壳内部的压力或温度达到阈值时沿着第一槽裂开，以泄放外壳内部的压力。其中，槽组还包括沿周壁的周向设置于周壁上的多个第二槽，沿周壁的周向，第二槽与第一槽交替设置，周壁在第二槽的位置的残留厚度大于周壁在第一槽的位置的残留厚度。
在这样的电池单体中，在周壁上设有与起到泄压作用的第一槽交替设置的第二槽，能够平衡周壁在成型第一槽时的形变量，使得周壁的形状更为规则，提高电池单体的装配质量，从而提高电池单体的使用寿命。
本申请实施例描述的技术方案适用于电池以及使用电池的用电设备。
用电设备可以是车辆、手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、轮船、航天器、电动玩具和电动工具等等。车辆可以是燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等；航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等；电动玩具包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等；电动工具包括金属切削电动工具、研磨电动工具、装配电动工具和铁道用电动工具，例如，电钻、电动砂轮机、电动扳手、电动螺丝刀、电锤、冲击电钻、混凝土振动器和电刨等等。本申请实施例对上述用电设备不做特殊限制。
以下实施例为了方便说明，以用电设备为车辆为例进行说明。
请参照图1，图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆1000的结构示意图。车辆1000的内部设置有电池100，电池100可以设置在车辆1000的底部或头部或尾部。电池100可以用于车辆1000的供电，例如，电池100可以作为车辆1000的操作电源。
车辆1000还可以包括控制器200和马达300，控制器200用来控制电池100为马达300供电，例如，用于车辆1000的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在本申请一些实施例中，电池100不仅仅可以作为车辆1000的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1000的驱动电源，代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气为车辆1000提供驱动动力。
请参照图2，图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池100的爆炸图。电池100包括箱体10和电池单体20，箱体10用于容纳电池单体20。
其中，箱体10是容纳电池单体20的部件，箱体10为电池单体20提供容纳空间，箱体10可以采用多种结构。在一些实施例中，箱体10可以包括第一部分11和第二部分12，第一部分11与第二部分12相互盖合，以限定出用于容纳电池单体20的容纳空间。第一部分11和第二部分12可以是多种形状，比如，长方体、圆柱体等。第一部分11可以是一侧开放的空心结构，第二部分12也可以是一侧开放的空心结构，第二部分12的开放侧盖合于第一部分11的开放侧，则形成具有容纳空间的箱体10。也可以是第一部分11为一侧开放的空心结构，第二部分12为板状结构，第二部分12盖合于第一部分11的开放侧，则形成具有容纳空间的箱体10。第一部分11与第二部分12可以通过密封元件来实现密封，密封元件可以是密封圈、密封胶等。
在电池100中，电池单体20可以是一个、也可以是多个。若电池单体20为多个，多个电池单体20之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体20中既有串联又有并联。可以是多个电池单体20先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块，多个电池模块再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体10内。也可以是所有电池单体20之间直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将所有电池单体20构成的整体容纳于箱体10内。
在一些实施例中，电池100还可以包括汇流部件，多个电池单体20之间可通过汇流部件实现电连接，以实现多个电池单体20的串联或并联或混联。汇流部件可以是金属导体，比如，铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金等。
请参照图3，图3为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体20的爆炸图，电池单体20包括外壳21和电极组件22，电极组件22容纳于外壳21内。
外壳21是容纳电极组件22的部件。外壳21可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。在一些实施例中，外壳21可以包括周壁211和两个端盖212，周壁211在其延伸方向Z上的两端分别形成两个开口，两个端盖212用于分别盖合于周壁211的两个开口，使得外壳21内部形成用于容纳电极组件22和电解液等的封闭空间。在另一些实施例中，如图3所示，外壳21可以包括周壁211、端盖212和底壁213，底壁213位于周壁211的 一端并与周壁211一体成型，周壁211与底壁213相对的一端形成开口。端盖212用于盖合于周壁211的开口，使得外壳21内部形成用于容纳电极组件22和电解液等的封闭空间。
电极组件22是电池单体20中发生电化学反应的部件。电极组件22可以是圆柱体、长方体等。若电极组件22为圆柱体，外壳21也可以为圆柱体；若电极组件22为长方体，外壳21也可以为长方体。
电极组件22可以包括正极极片、负极极片和隔离膜。电极组件22可以是由正极极片、隔离膜和负极极片通过卷绕形成的卷绕式结构，也可以是由正极极片、隔离膜和负极极片通过层叠布置形成的层叠式结构。电极组件22具有极耳，极耳分为正极极耳221和负极极耳222，正极极耳221可以是正极极片上未涂覆正极活性物质层的部分，负极极耳222可以是负极极片上未涂覆负极活性物质层的部分。
外壳21上可以设置电极端子2121，电极端子2121与电极组件22极耳电连接，以通过电极端子2121输出电池单体20的电能。电极端子2121与极耳可以直接连接，比如，电极端子2121与极耳直接焊接；电极端子2121与极耳也可以间接连接，比如，电极端子2121与极耳通过集流构件23间接连接。
在外壳21具有两个端盖212的实施例中，两个端盖212上均设置可以电极端子2121，一个端盖212上的电极端子2121可以通过一个集流构件23与正极极耳221间接连接，另一个端盖212上的电极端子2121可以通过另一个集流构件23与负极极耳222电间接连接。如图3所示，在外壳21只具有一个端盖212的实施例中，电极端子2121设置于端盖212上，可以是电极端子2121通过集流构件23与正极极耳221间接连接，外壳21的底壁213与负极极耳222直接焊接。
请参照图4和图5，图4为图3所示的外壳21的结构示意图；图5为图4所示的外壳21的A-A剖视图。本申请实施例提供一种外壳21，用于容纳电极组件22，外壳21包括周壁211和槽组214。周壁211用于围设于电极组件22的周围。槽组214包括沿周壁211的周向X设置于周壁211上的多个第一槽2141，周壁211被配置为在外壳21内部的压力或温度达到阈值时沿着第一槽2141裂开，以泄放外壳21内部的压力。其中，槽组214还包括沿周壁211的周向X设置于周壁211上的多个第二槽2142，沿周壁211的周向X，第二槽2142与第一槽2141交替设置，周壁211在第二槽2142的位置的残留厚度D 2大于周壁211在第一槽2141的位置的残留厚度D 1。
周壁211为外壳21沿长度方向延伸的主体部分，电极组件22容纳于外壳21内后，周壁211将围设在电极组件22的周围。周壁211可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。
第一槽2141和第二槽2142均可以通过多种方式成型于周壁211，比如，冲压成型、铣削加工成型。第一槽2141可以设置在周壁211的外表面，也可以设置在周壁211的内表面；第二槽2142可以设置在周壁211的外表面，也可以设置在周壁211的内表面。第一槽2141的轮廓形状和第二槽2142的轮廓形状均可以是多种，比如，圆形、椭圆形、U形、C形或直线形等。第一槽2141的轮廓形状与第二槽2142的轮廓形状可以相同，比如，两者均为U形；第一槽2141的轮廓形状与第二槽2142的轮廓形状也可以不同，比如，第一槽2141轮廓形状为圆形，第二槽2142的轮廓形状为椭圆形。
在槽组214中，第一槽2141可以是两个、三个或更多，第二槽2142也可以是两个、三个或者更多，第一槽2141和第二槽2142均可以是奇数个，也可以是偶数个。第二槽2142与第一槽2141沿周壁211的周向X交替设置，可理解的，在槽组214中，第二槽2142的个数与第一槽2141的个数相等，沿周壁211的周向X，每相邻的两个第一槽2141之间设置有一个第二槽2142。以槽组214中的第一槽2141和第二槽2142均为三个位置，槽组214中的六个槽沿周壁211的周向X的布置方式为：第一槽2141-第二槽2142-第一槽2141-第二槽2142-第一槽2141-第二槽2142。
周壁211在第一槽2141的位置的残留厚度D 1即为周壁211上设置第一槽2141后残留部分的最小厚度。周壁211在第二槽2142的位置的残留厚度D 2即为周壁211上设置第二槽2142后残留部分的最小厚度。
在本申请实施例中，周壁211上设有与第一槽2141交替设置的第二槽2142，周壁211在第二槽2142的位置的残留厚度D 2大于周壁211在第一槽2141的位置的残留厚度D 1，周壁211在第二槽2142的位置的抗破坏能力大于周壁211在第一槽2141的位置的抗破坏能力，在外壳21内部的压力或温度达到阈值时，周壁211将沿着第一槽2141裂开，实现泄压，此时周壁211并不会沿着第二槽2142裂开，第二槽2142的设置能够平衡周壁211在成型第一槽2141时的形变量，使得周壁211的形状更为规则，提高电池单体20的装配质量，从而提高电池单体20的使用寿命。
此外，由于周壁211在第二槽2142的位置的残留厚度D 2大于周壁211在第一槽2141的位置的残留厚度D 1，能够提高外壳21的结构强度。另外，在外壳21内部的压力或温度达到阈值使周壁211沿着第一槽2141裂开泄压后，若外壳21内部的压力或温度继续升高至二次泄压阈值时，周壁211将继续沿着第二槽2142裂开，实现外壳21二次泄压，提高电池单体20的安全性。
在一些实施例中，请继续参照图5，第二槽2142的深度h 2小于第一槽2141的深度h 1，以使周壁211在第二槽2142的位置的残留厚度D 2大于周壁211在第一槽2141的位置的残留厚度D 1。
示例性的，周壁211的壁厚均匀。那么，周壁211在第一槽2141的位置的残留厚度D 1等于周壁211的壁厚F与第一槽2141的深度h 1之差，周壁211在第二槽2142的位置的残留厚度D 2等于周壁211的壁厚F与第二槽2142的深度h 2之差。
在本实施例中，通过使第二槽2142的深度小于第一槽2141的深度，实现周壁211在第二槽2142的位置的残留厚度D 2大于周壁211在第一槽2141的位置的残留厚度D 1，实现方式简单。此外，由于第二槽2142的深度h 2小于第一槽2141的深度h 1，能够有效降低第二槽2142的成型难度。
在一些实施例中，请继续参照图5，第一槽2141的宽度L 1小于第二槽2142的宽度L 2。
在本实施例中，第一槽2141的宽度小且深度大，第二槽2142的宽度大且深度小，使得在周壁211上成型第一槽2141和第二槽2142时的去料量基本一致，使得周壁211在成型第一槽2141和第二槽2142时的受力更为接近，减小周壁211的变形量，使得周壁211的形状更为规则，提高电池单体20的装配质量。
在一些实施例中，周壁211在第二槽2142的位置的残留厚度D 2与周壁211在第一槽2141的位置的残留厚度D 1的差值不小于0.01mm，即D 2–D 1≥0.01mm。
周壁211在第二槽2142的位置的残留厚度D 2与周壁211在第一槽2141的位置的残留厚度D 1的差值过小，可能会造成周壁211在第一槽2141和第二槽2142的位置同时泄压的情况。
因此，在本实施例中，将周壁211在第二槽2142的位置的残留厚度D 2与周壁211在第一槽2141的位置的残留厚度D 1的差值设置在合理范围内，降低周壁211在第一槽2141和第二槽2142的位置同时泄压的风险。
在一些实施例中，在槽组214中，第一槽2141和第二槽2142的个数总和为N，相邻的第一槽2141和第二槽2142之间相距的角度为360°/N。
如图5所示，以槽组214中第一槽2141和第二槽2142共为6个为例，可理解的，第一槽2141和第二槽2142均为三个，相邻的第一槽2141和第二槽2142之间相距的角度则为60°。
在本实施例中，第一槽2141和第二槽2142均匀布置在周壁211上，在周壁211上加工第一槽2141和第二槽2142时受力均匀，使得周壁211的形状更为规则，提高电池单体20的装配质量。
在一些实施例中，请继续参照图5，第一槽2141和/或第二槽2142设置于周壁211的外表面。这样，降低了第一槽2141和/或第二槽2142的成型难度。
在一些实施例中，请参照图6，图6为图4所示的外壳21的B处的局部放大图。周壁211具有泄压部2111，第一槽2141界定出泄压部2111，泄压部2111被配置为在外壳21内部的压力或温度达到阈值时以第一槽2141为边界打开，以泄放外壳21内部的压力。
泄压部2111为周壁211上由第一槽2141界定出来的区域，第一槽2141位于泄压部2111的边缘位置。
在外壳21内部的压力或温度达到阈值时，由泄压部2111将以第一槽2141为边界打开，周壁211上与泄压部2111对应的位置将形成开口部，外壳21内的排放物将通过开口部排出，具有较大的泄压面积，使得排放物能够快速地排出外壳21，提高了泄压速率。
在一些实施例中，请继续参照图6，第一槽2141为两端存在距离的非封闭槽。
以第一槽2141的轮廓形状为U形或C形为例，第一槽2141的两端并未连接在一起，而是存在距离，这种结构的第一槽2141即为非封闭槽。
在外壳21内部的压力或温度达到阈值时，泄压部2111将以翻转的形式向外打开，打开后的泄压部2111仍然与周壁211除泄压部2111以外的其他部分局部相连，泄压部2111并不会因排放物的快速排出而脱离飞出。
在一些实施例中，请继续参照图6，第一槽2141包括第一槽部2141a、第二槽部和第三槽部2141b，第一槽部2141a与第三槽部2141b沿周壁211的延伸方向Z相对设置，第一槽部2141a、第二槽部和第三槽部2141b依次连接界定出泄压部2111。
第一槽部2141a和第三槽部2141b均沿周壁211的周向X(图5中示出)延伸，第二槽部可以是沿周壁211的延伸方向Z延伸的直线槽，也可以是非直线槽，比如弧线槽。
可理解的，在本实施例中，第一槽2141的轮廓形状大致为U形，第一槽2141的结构简单，在外壳21内部的压力或温度达到阈值时，周壁211沿着第二槽部裂开后，将沿着第一槽部2141a和第三槽部2141b裂开，使得泄压部2111逐渐向外翻转打开，具有较大的泄压面积。
在一些实施例中，请参照图6和图7，图7为图6所示的外壳21的C-C剖视图。第二槽部包括沿直线轨迹延伸的直线槽段2141c，沿直线槽段2141c的延伸方向，第一槽部2141a与第三槽部2141b相对设置。直线槽段2141c的长度为L，周壁211在直线槽段2141c位置的残留厚度为H，满足：1/5*H+1/2*L＞0.55。
示例性的，周壁211在直线槽段2141c位置的残留厚度H等于周壁211在第一槽2141的位置的残留厚度D 1。
示例性的，L≤10mm，H≤0.4mm。
在本实施例中，直线槽段2141c的长度L与周壁211在直线槽段2141c位置的残留厚度H满足一定关系，使得外壳21满足泄压压力要求，可以根据实际工艺情况来设置H和L的大小。比如，当需要将H设置得较大一些时，则可以对应将L设置得较小一些。
可选地，1/5*H+1/2*L＝34/15，在这种情况下，外壳21的泄压压力更优。
在一些实施例中，请继续参照图6，第二槽部还包括第一圆弧倒角段2141d和第二圆弧倒角段2141f，第一圆弧倒角段2141d被配置为连接第一槽部2141a和直线槽段2141c，第二圆弧倒角段2141f被配置为连接第二槽部和直线槽段2141c。
示例性的，第一圆弧倒角段2141d的半径与第二圆弧倒角段2141f的半径相等。第一槽部2141a和直线槽段2141c均与第一圆弧倒角段2141d相切，第三槽部2141b和直线槽段2141c均与第二圆弧倒角段2141f相切。
在本实施例中，第一圆弧倒角段2141d的设置使得直线槽段2141c能够更为平滑地过渡至第一槽部2141a，第二圆弧倒角段2141f的设置使得直线槽段2141c能够更为平滑地过渡至第三槽部2141b，使得泄压部2111在向外翻转打开过程中更为顺畅。
在一些实施例中，请参照图8和图9，图8为本申请又一些实施例提供的外壳21的结构示意图，图9为本申请再一些实施例提供的外壳21的结构示意图。第一槽2141为首尾两端相连的封闭槽。这样，在外壳21内部的压力或温度达到阈值时，泄压部2111将与周壁211除泄压部2111以外的其他部分完全脱离，具有更大的泄压面积。
在一些实施例中，第一槽2141的轮廓形状为圆形或椭圆形。
在图8中，第一槽2141的轮廓形状为圆形；在图9中，第一槽2141的轮廓形状为椭圆形。
在本实施例中，圆形或椭圆形的第一槽2141结构简单，易于成型制造。
在另一些实施例中，第一槽2141也可以是其他形状的封闭槽，比如，第一槽2141的轮廓形状为多边形。
在一些实施例中，请参照图4、图8和图9，第二槽2142的轮廓形状与第一槽2141的轮廓形状相同。
可理解的，如图4所示，若第一槽2141为非封闭槽，则第二槽2142也为封闭槽。比如，第一槽2141的轮廓形状为U形，第二槽2142的轮廓形状也为U形。如图8所示，若第一槽2141为封闭槽，则第二槽2142也为封闭槽。比如，第一槽2141的轮廓形状为圆形，第二槽2142的轮廓形状也为圆形。
在本实施例中，第二槽2142的轮廓形状与第一槽2141的轮廓形状相同，在成型第二槽2142时能够更好的平衡周壁211在成型第一槽2141时的变形量，使得周壁211的形状更为规则。
在一些实施例中，请继续参照图4、图8和图9，周壁211上设有多个槽组214，多个槽组214沿周壁211的延伸方向Z排布。
周壁211上的槽组214可以是两个、三个、四个或者更多。示例性的，在图4、图8和图9中，周壁211上的槽组214为两个。
在本实施例中，在周壁211上设置多个槽组214，提高了外壳21的泄压能力，使得外壳21在其内部的压力或温度达到阈值时能够从更多位置进行泄压，提高泄压速率。
在一些实施例中，周壁211为圆柱体。
可理解的，外壳21为圆柱体结构，适用于柱形电池单体。
在圆柱体的周壁211上设置第二槽2142，且第二槽2142与第一槽2141交替设置，能够提高周壁211的圆度，保证电极组件22入壳的尺寸要求，从而提高电池单体20的装配质量。
此外，在第一槽2141的第一槽部2141a、第二槽部和第三槽部2141b依次连接界定出泄压部2111的实施例中，由于第一槽部2141a与第三槽部2141b沿周壁211的延伸方向Z相对设置，且周壁211为圆柱体，使得泄压部2111处于弯曲状态。在外壳21内部 的压力或温度达到阈值而使周壁211沿着第一槽2141裂开后，处于弯曲状态的泄压部2111更容易向外翻转打开，以泄放外壳21内部的压力。
本申请实施例提供一种电池单体20，包括电极组件22和上述任意一个实施例提供的外壳21，外壳21用于容纳电极组件22。
本申请实施例提供一种电池100，包括箱体10和上述任意一个实施例提供的电池单体20，箱体10用于容纳电池单体20。
本申请实施例提供一种用电设备，包括上述任意一个实施例提供的电池100。
用电设备可以是上述任一应用电池100的设备。
请参照图4和图5，本申请实施例提供一种圆柱外壳21，外壳21包括周壁211和两个槽组214，两个槽组214沿周壁211的延伸方向Z排布。槽组214包括沿周壁211的周向X设置于周壁211上的多个第一槽2141，周壁211被配置为在外壳21内部的压力或温度达到阈值时沿着第一槽2141裂开，以泄放外壳21内部的压力。槽组214还包括沿周向X设置于周壁211上的多个第二槽2142，沿周壁211的周向X，第二槽2142与第一槽2141交替设置，第二槽2142的轮廓形状与第一槽2141的轮廓形状大致为U形，周壁211在第二槽2142的位置的残留厚度D 2大于周壁211在第一槽2141的位置的残留厚度D 1。
在这样的外壳21中，周壁211上设有与第一槽2141交替设置的第二槽2142，第二槽2142的设置能够平衡周壁211在成型第一槽2141时的形变量，提高周壁211的圆度，保证电极组件22入壳的尺寸要求，从而提高电池单体20的装配质量。
请参照图10，图10为本申请一些实施例提供的外壳21的制造方法的流程图。本申请实施例提供一种外壳21的制造方法，制造方法包括：
S100：提供外壳21，外壳21具有周壁211；
S200：在外壳21周壁211上加工出槽组214。
其中，槽组214包括沿周壁211的周向X设置于周壁211上的多个第一槽2141和多个第二槽2142，沿周壁211的周向X，第二槽2142与第一槽2141交替设置，周壁211在第二槽2142的位置的残留厚度D 2大于周壁211在第一槽2141的位置的残留厚度D 1，周壁211被配置为在外壳21内部的压力或温度达到阈值时沿着第一槽2141裂开，以泄放外壳21内部的压力。
在一些实施例中，步骤S200包括：在周壁211上交替冲压出第一槽2141和第二槽2142。
也就是说，在周壁211上加工出槽组214的过程中，可以先在周壁211上冲压出一个第一槽2141，然后，再在周壁211上与该第一槽2141相邻的位置冲压出第二槽2142，再在周壁211上与该第二槽2142相邻的位置冲压出另一个第一槽2141，以此顺序在周壁211上交替冲压出第一槽2141和第二槽2142。
需要说明的是，通过上述各实施例提供的制造方法制造的外壳21的相关结构，可参见前述各实施例提供的外壳21，在此不再赘述。
请参照图11，图11为本申请一些实施例提供的外壳21的制造设备2000的示意性框图。本申请实施例还提供一种外壳21的制造设备2000，制造设备2000包括提供装置2100和加工装置2200。提供装置2100用于提供外壳21，外壳21具有周壁211。加工装置2200用于在周壁211上加工出槽组214。其中，槽组214包括沿周壁211的周向X设置于周壁211上的多个第一槽2141和多个第二槽2142，沿周壁211的周向X，第二槽2142与第一槽2141交替设置，周壁211在第二槽2142的位置的残留厚度D 2大于周壁211在第一槽2141的位置的残留厚度D 1，周壁211被配置为在外壳21内部的压力或温度达到阈值时沿着第一槽2141裂开，以泄放外壳21内部的压力。
需要说明的是，通过上述实施例提供的制造设备2000制造的外壳21的相关结构，可参见前述各实施例提供的外壳21，在此不再赘述。
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
以上实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，并不用于限制本申请，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (23)

  1. 一种外壳，用于容纳电极组件，所述外壳包括：
    周壁，用于围设于所述电极组件的周围；
    槽组，包括沿所述周壁的周向设置于周壁上的多个第一槽，所述周壁被配置为在所述外壳内部的压力或温度达到阈值时沿着所述第一槽裂开，以泄放所述外壳内部的压力；
    其中，所述槽组还包括沿所述周向设置于所述周壁上的多个第二槽，沿所述周向，所述第二槽与所述第一槽交替设置，所述周壁在所述第二槽的位置的残留厚度大于所述周壁在所述第一槽的位置的残留厚度。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的外壳，其中，所述第二槽的深度小于所述第一槽的深度，以使所述周壁在所述第二槽的位置的残留厚度大于所述周壁在所述第一槽的位置的残留厚度。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的外壳，其中，所述第一槽的宽度小于第二槽的宽度。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的外壳，其中，所述周壁在所述第二槽的位置的残留厚度与所述周壁在所述第一槽的位置的残留厚度的差值不小于0.01mm。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的外壳，其中，在所述槽组中，所述第一槽和所述第二槽的个数总和为N，相邻的所述第一槽和所述第二槽之间相距的角度为360°/N。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的外壳，其中，所述第一槽和/或第二槽设置于所述周壁的外表面。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的外壳，其中，所述周壁具有泄压部，所述第一槽界定出所述泄压部，所述泄压部被配置为在所述外壳内部的压力或温度达到阈值时以所述第一槽为边界打开，以泄放所述外壳内部的压力。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的外壳，其中，所述第一槽为两端存在距离的非封闭槽。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的外壳，其中，所述第一槽包括第一槽部、第二槽部和第三槽部，所述第一槽部与所述第三槽部沿所述周壁的延伸方向相对设置，所述第一槽部、所述第二槽部和所述第三槽部依次连接界定出所述泄压部。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的外壳，其中，所述第二槽部包括沿直线轨迹延伸的直线槽段，沿所述直线槽段的延伸方向，所述第一槽部与所述第三槽部相对设置；
    所述直线槽段的长度为L，所述周壁在所述直线槽段位置的残留厚度为H，满足：1/5*H+1/2*L＞0.55。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的外壳，其中，所述第二槽部还包括第一圆弧倒角段和第二圆弧倒角段，所述第一圆弧倒角段被配置为连接所述第一槽部和所述直线槽段，所述第二圆弧倒角段被配置为连接所述第二槽部和所述直线槽段。
  12. 根据权利要求7所述的外壳，其中，所述第一槽为首尾两端相连的封闭槽。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的外壳，其中，所述第一槽的轮廓形状为圆形或椭圆形。
  14. 根据权利要求1-13任一项所述的外壳，其中，所述第二槽的轮廓形状与所述第一槽的轮廓形状相同。
  15. 根据权利要求1-14任一项所述的外壳，其中，所述周壁上设有多个所述槽组，多个所述槽组沿所述周壁的延伸方向排布。
  16. 根据权利要求1-15任一项所述的外壳，其中，所述周壁为圆柱体。
  17. 根据权利要求1-16任一项所述的外壳，其中，外壳还包括：
    底壁，位于所述周壁的一端并与所述周壁一体成型，所述周壁与所述底壁相对的一端形成开口；
    端盖，用于盖合于所述开口。
  18. 一种电池单体，包括：
    电极组件；
    如权利要求1-17任一项所述的外壳，所述外壳用于容纳所述电极组件。
  19. 一种电池，包括：
    如权利要求18所述的电池单体；
    箱体，用于容纳所述电池单体。
  20. 一种用电设备，包括如权利要求19所述的电池。
  21. 一种外壳的制造方法，所述制造方法包括：
    提供外壳，所述外壳具有周壁；
    在所述周壁上加工出槽组；
    其中，所述槽组包括沿所述周壁的周向设置于周壁上的多个第一槽和多个第二槽，沿所述周向，所述第二槽与所述第一槽交替设置，所述周壁在所述第二槽的位置的残留厚度大于所述周壁在所述第一槽的位置的残留厚度，所述周壁被配置为在所述外壳内部的压力或温度达到阈值时沿着所述第一槽裂开，以泄放所述外壳内部的压力。
  22. 根据权利要求21所述的外壳的制造方法，其中，所述在所述周壁上加工出槽组包括：
    在所述周壁上交替冲压出所述第一槽和所述第二槽。
  23. 一种外壳的制造设备，所述制造设备包括：
    提供装置，用于提供外壳，所述外壳具有周壁；
    加工装置，用于在所述周壁上加工出槽组；
    其中，所述槽组包括沿所述周壁的周向设置于周壁上的多个第一槽和多个第二槽，沿所述周向，所述第二槽与所述第一槽交替设置，所述周壁在所述第二槽的位置的残留厚度大于所述周壁在所述第一槽的位置的残留厚度，所述周壁被配置为在所述外壳内部的压力或温度达到阈值时沿着所述第一槽裂开，以泄放所述外壳内部的压力。
PCT/CN2022/083483 2022-03-28 2022-03-28 外壳、电池单体、电池及用电设备 WO2023184110A1 (zh)

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