WO2023245430A1 - 电池单体、电池及用电设备 - Google Patents

电池单体、电池及用电设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023245430A1
WO2023245430A1 PCT/CN2022/100173 CN2022100173W WO2023245430A1 WO 2023245430 A1 WO2023245430 A1 WO 2023245430A1 CN 2022100173 W CN2022100173 W CN 2022100173W WO 2023245430 A1 WO2023245430 A1 WO 2023245430A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery cell
wall
electrode assembly
wall portion
reinforcing
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/100173
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
金海族
谷慧
姜玲燕
刘超
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to CN202280060387.2A priority Critical patent/CN117941133A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2022/100173 priority patent/WO2023245430A1/zh
Publication of WO2023245430A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023245430A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H01M50/148—Lids or covers characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/152—Lids or covers characterised by their shape for cells having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of battery technology, specifically to a battery cell, a battery and electrical equipment.
  • batteries are used more and more widely, such as in mobile phones, laptop computers, battery cars, electric cars, electric airplanes, electric ships, electric toy cars, electric toy ships, electric toy airplanes and electric toy airplanes. Tools waiting.
  • the battery cell As an energy storage element, the battery cell generally outputs electrical energy through a chemical reaction between the electrode assembly and the electrolyte.
  • the safety of the battery cells needs to be considered, but also the service life of the battery cells. Therefore, how to improve the service life of battery cells is an urgent problem to be solved in battery technology.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide a battery cell, a battery and electrical equipment, which can effectively increase the service life of the battery cell.
  • a battery cell including an electrode assembly and a casing; the casing accommodates the electrode assembly, and the casing has a wall portion, which is arranged opposite to the electrode assembly along the thickness direction of the wall portion; wherein, the wall portion A first reinforcing part is protruding, the first reinforcing part extends along the circumferential direction of the wall part, the wall part includes a first region located on the outer peripheral side of the first reinforcing part, a weak part is formed in the first region, and the weak part is configured to Battery cells crack when they release pressure.
  • the wall portion is protrudingly provided with a first reinforcing portion, which strengthens the wall portion and enhances the strength of the weak portion. Since the weak portion is formed in the first area located on the outer circumferential side of the first reinforced portion, when the wall portion is subjected to external force and causes the portion located on the inner circumferential side of the first reinforced portion to deform, the first reinforced portion can reduce the impact of the external force on the weak portion. The influence of the battery is reduced, the deformation of the weak part is reduced, the normal detonation pressure of the battery cell is ensured, and the service life of the battery cell is improved.
  • the wall portion further includes a second area located on the inner peripheral side of the first reinforcing portion, and the second area is provided with a liquid injection hole.
  • the liquid injection hole is provided in the second area of the wall to facilitate the injection of electrolyte into the battery cell.
  • the first reinforcing part can reduce the deformation of the second area and weaken the weak part. This reduces the deformation of the weak part and reduces the risk of the weak part deforming during the process of injecting electrolyte into the battery cell through the injection hole, causing the weak part to crack before reaching the detonation pressure.
  • the liquid injection hole is coaxially disposed with the first reinforcing part. In this way, when the electrolyte is injected into the battery cell through the injection hole, the first reinforcing part receives a uniform force, which can further reduce the deformation of the weak part.
  • the first reinforcing portion protrudes from a side of the wall portion facing the electrode assembly. In this way, the first reinforced part faces the inside of the battery cell, which reduces the excessive external space occupied by the first reinforced part and reduces the volume of the battery cell.
  • the first reinforcing portion abuts against the electrode assembly.
  • the electrode assembly plays a role in restricting the first reinforcing portion. Reduce the risk of deformation of weak parts.
  • a first recess is provided on a side of the wall portion away from the electrode assembly at a position corresponding to the first reinforcing portion.
  • the arrangement of the first recessed portion enables the first reinforced portion to have a good buffering ability.
  • the first reinforced portion plays a good buffering role. , prevent external force from transmitting to the weak part, and further reduce the deformation of the weak part.
  • the width of the first reinforcing part along the radial direction of the wall is a 1
  • the inner diameter of the first reinforcing part is r 1
  • the radius of the wall is R, satisfying: 0.05 ⁇ a 1 /R ⁇ 0.8; And/or, 0.05 ⁇ r 1 /R ⁇ 0.8.
  • the first area is protruding with a second reinforcing portion, and the second reinforcing portion extends along the circumference of the wall portion; the first area includes a first connecting portion, and the first connecting portion connects the first reinforcing portion and the second reinforcing portion.
  • Reinforcing part, the first connecting part is located on the outer peripheral side of the first reinforcing part, and the second reinforcing part is located on the outer peripheral side of the first connecting part; wherein, the weak part is formed on the first connecting part.
  • the weak portion is formed at a first connecting portion connected between the first reinforcing portion and the second reinforcing portion, and the second reinforcing portion can also enhance the strength of the weak portion.
  • the second reinforcing part is protruding on a side of the first region facing the electrode assembly.
  • the second reinforcing part has a first surface facing the electrode assembly, and the first surface is in contact with the electrode. assembly to achieve electrical connection between the wall portion and the electrode assembly. The first surface offsets the electrode assembly.
  • the electrical connection between the wall part and the electrode assembly is realized, so as to facilitate the output of the electric energy of the battery cell through the wall part.
  • the second reinforcing part plays a supporting role in supporting the electrode assembly and improves the efficiency of the electrode assembly. Stability of the electrode assembly inside the housing.
  • the first reinforcing portion does not extend beyond the first surface along the direction in which the wall portion points toward the electrode assembly. In this way, it is ensured that the first surface can effectively contact the electrode assembly.
  • the first reinforcing portion has a second surface facing the electrode assembly, and the second surface is flush with the first surface. This enables both the second surface and the first surface to contact the electrode assembly, which on the one hand increases the flow area, and on the other hand enables the first reinforcement part to contact the electrode assembly and reduces the distance between the wall part and the first reinforcement part.
  • the part on the inner circumference side is affected by force and affects the weak part.
  • the wall portion has a third surface that is away from the electrode assembly and farthest from the first surface, and along the thickness direction of the wall portion, the first connection portion is located between the first surface and the third surface. between. In this way, the first connection part is between the first surface and the third surface in the thickness direction of the wall part, making it difficult for external force to directly act on the first connection part, thereby effectively reducing external force during the production and use of the battery cell. Impact on weak areas.
  • the first region further includes an edge portion, the edge portion is connected to the second reinforcement portion and is located on the outer peripheral side of the second reinforcement portion; along the thickness direction of the wall portion, the surface of the edge portion away from the electrode assembly is the third surface.
  • the edge portion protects the first connecting portion, making it difficult for external force to directly act on the first connecting portion.
  • the distance between the third surface and the first surface is H
  • the height of the first reinforcing part protruding from the wall is h 1
  • the height of the second reinforcing part protruding from the wall is h 1 .
  • the height is h 2 and satisfies: 0.1 ⁇ h 1 /H ⁇ 0.9; and/or, 0.1 ⁇ h 2 /H ⁇ 0.9.
  • a second recess is provided on a side of the first region away from the electrode assembly at a position corresponding to the second reinforcing portion.
  • the arrangement of the second recess enables the second reinforced part to have a good buffering capacity.
  • the second reinforced part plays a good buffering role and prevents the external force from weakening the wall. transmission, further reducing the deformation of weak parts.
  • the second reinforcement part is welded to the electrode assembly to achieve electrical connection between the wall part and the electrode assembly; or, the battery cell further includes a current collecting member, and the current collecting member is disposed on the wall part along the thickness direction of the wall part. Between the wall part and the electrode assembly, the current collecting member is connected to the electrode assembly, and the second reinforcing part is welded to the current collecting member to achieve electrical connection between the wall part and the electrode assembly. Whether the second reinforcement part is welded to the electrode assembly or the second reinforcement part is welded to the current collecting member, the stability of the electrical connection between the wall part and the electrode assembly can be improved.
  • the width of the second reinforced part is a 2
  • the radius of the wall is R
  • the distance from the outer edge of the second reinforced part to the outer edge of the wall is L 1
  • the distance between the first reinforced part and the second reinforced part is L 2 , which satisfies: 0.05 ⁇ a 2 /R ⁇ 0.8; and/or, 0.02 ⁇ L 1 /R ⁇ 0.8; and/or, 0.05 ⁇ L 2 /R ⁇ 0.8.
  • the first connecting part partially protrudes to form a third reinforced part
  • the third reinforced part extends along the circumferential direction of the wall part
  • the weak part is formed in the third reinforced part.
  • the third reinforcing part can enhance the strength of the first connecting part and further reduce the influence of the wall part on the weak part caused by force deformation.
  • the width of the third reinforcement part along the radial direction of the wall part is a 3
  • the radius of the wall part is R, which satisfies: 0.05 ⁇ a 3 /R ⁇ 0.8.
  • the first region is provided with a score, and the first region forms a weak portion where the score is provided.
  • the weak portion is correspondingly formed by arranging notches in the first area, so that the thickness of the weak portion is thinner than that of other areas and is easier to break.
  • the forming method of the weak portion is simple.
  • the score is arranged around the first reinforcement part; the score is a non-closed structure with a distance between the beginning and the end; or the score is a closed structure with the beginning and the end connected. In this way, when the battery cell releases pressure, the wall can be opened in the area defined by the score, so that the battery cell has a larger pressure relief area and improves the pressure relief efficiency.
  • the housing includes a housing and an end cover; an opening is formed at one end of the housing, and the housing has a bottom wall opposite to the opening; the end cover is connected to the housing and closes the opening; wherein, between the bottom wall and the end cover One of them is the wall.
  • the bottom wall of the casing can be used as the wall part, so that the bottom wall of the casing has the pressure relief capability; or the end cover of the casing can be used as the wall part, so that the end cover has the pressure relief capability.
  • the battery cell further includes an electrode terminal.
  • the electrode terminal is disposed at an end of the housing opposite to the wall along the thickness direction of the wall.
  • the electrode terminal is electrically connected to the electrode assembly. The electric energy of the battery cells can be easily output through the electrode terminals.
  • the electrode terminal has a first outer surface facing away from the electrode assembly, the electrode terminal is provided with a recessed groove from the first outer surface in a direction approaching the electrode assembly, and the electrode terminal is provided with a recessed groove.
  • the position of the groove forms a second connection part, and the second connection part is connected to the electrode assembly.
  • the arrangement of the grooves on the electrode terminal reduces the weight of the electrode terminal and reduces the production cost.
  • the second connecting portion of the electrode terminal is thinner, which enables external welding of the electrode terminal and improves the stability of the electrical connection between the electrode terminal and the electrode assembly.
  • the battery cell further includes a blocking member connected to the electrode terminal and blocking the groove; along the thickness direction of the wall, the blocking member has a second outer surface facing away from the electrode assembly, and the blocking member has a second outer surface facing away from the electrode assembly.
  • the second outer surface is flush with the first outer surface.
  • the second outer surface of the blocking member and the first outer surface of the electrode terminal can jointly form a flat interface, which is conducive to welding with other components and enables large-area overflow.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a battery, which includes a box and a battery cell provided in any embodiment of the first aspect, and the battery cell is accommodated in the box.
  • embodiments of the present application further provide an electrical device, including a battery provided in any embodiment of the second aspect.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 2 is an exploded view of a battery provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 3 is an exploded view of a battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the battery cell shown in Figure 3;
  • Figure 5 is a partial enlarged view of the battery cell shown in Figure 4.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the wall shown in Figure 5;
  • Figure 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a wall provided by other embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 8 is a top view of the wall shown in Figure 6;
  • Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view of a battery cell provided by other embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a partial enlarged view of position A of the battery cell shown in FIG. 9 .
  • Icon 1-shell; 11-shell; 111-bottom wall; 12-end cover; 13-wall; 131-first reinforced part; 1311-second surface; 132-first region; 1321-weak part; 1322-first connection part; 1323-edge part; 1324-third surface; 1325-third reinforced part; 1326-third recessed part; 1327-score; 133-second area; 1331-liquid injection hole; 134- First recess; 135-second reinforced part; 1351-first surface; 136-second recess; 2-electrode assembly; 21-pole tab; 21a-positive pole tab; 21b-negative pole tab; 3-electrode terminal; 31- First outer surface; 32-groove; 321-first groove; 322-second groove; 33-second connection part; 34-first inner surface; 4-current collecting member; 5-blocking member; 51- Second outer surface; 10-battery cell; 20-box; 201-first part; 202-second part; 100-battery; 200-controller; 300-motor; 1000-
  • an embodiment means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the application.
  • the appearances of this phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense.
  • connection can be a fixed connection, It can also be detachably connected or integrally connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be internal communication between two components.
  • connection can be a fixed connection
  • connection can also be detachably connected or integrally connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be internal communication between two components.
  • connection can also be detachably connected or integrally connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be internal communication between two components.
  • “Plural” appearing in this application means two or more (including two).
  • the battery cells may include lithium ion secondary batteries, lithium ion primary batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, sodium lithium ion batteries, sodium ion batteries or magnesium ion batteries, etc., which are not limited in the embodiments of this application.
  • the battery cell may be in the shape of a cylinder, a flat body, a rectangular parallelepiped or other shapes, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.
  • Battery cells are generally divided into three types according to packaging methods: cylindrical battery cells, square battery cells and soft-pack battery cells, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.
  • the battery mentioned in the embodiments of this application refers to a single physical module including one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the battery mentioned in this application may include a battery module or a battery pack.
  • Batteries generally include a box for packaging one or more battery cells. The box can prevent liquid or other foreign matter from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells.
  • the battery cell includes an electrode assembly and an electrolyte.
  • the electrode assembly consists of a positive electrode sheet, a negative electrode sheet and a separator. Battery cells mainly rely on the movement of metal ions between the positive and negative electrodes to work.
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer.
  • the positive electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive electrode current collector.
  • the positive electrode current collector that is not coated with the positive electrode active material layer protrudes from the positive electrode current collector that is coated with the positive electrode active material layer.
  • the cathode current collector without coating the cathode active material layer serves as the cathode tab.
  • the material of the positive electrode current collector can be aluminum, and the positive electrode active material can be lithium cobalt oxide, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium or lithium manganate, etc.
  • the negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer.
  • the negative electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the negative electrode current collector.
  • the negative electrode current collector that is not coated with the negative electrode active material layer protrudes from the negative electrode current collector that is coated with the negative electrode active material layer.
  • the negative electrode current collector that is not coated with the negative electrode active material layer is used as the negative electrode tab.
  • the material of the negative electrode current collector can be copper, and the negative electrode active material can be carbon or silicon.
  • the number of positive electrode lugs is multiple and stacked together, and the number of negative electrode lugs is multiple and stacked together.
  • the material of the isolation film can be PP (polypropylene, polypropylene) or PE (polyethylene, polyethylene), etc.
  • the electrode assembly may have a rolled structure or a laminated structure, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto.
  • a pressure relief mechanism can be installed in the battery cell. When the pressure inside the battery cell reaches the detonation pressure, the pressure inside the battery cell is released through the pressure relief mechanism. .
  • a weak portion can be partially formed in the wall of the casing to form a pressure relief mechanism.
  • the weak portion will crack to achieve the purpose of pressure relief.
  • the inventor further studied and found that during normal use of the battery cell, the wall is easily deformed by external force, causing the weak portion to deform, resulting in a reduction in the strength of the weak portion and abnormal cracking of the weak portion.
  • the wall is acted upon by other components outside the battery cell, causing the central area of the wall to deform toward the inside of the battery cell, resulting in a reduction in the strength of the weak portion.
  • the pressure inside the battery cell increases as the temperature increases, and the wall is acted upon by the gas inside the battery cell, causing the central area of the wall to deform toward the outside of the battery cell, resulting in the weakening of the weak part. Reduced intensity. Ultimately affecting the service life of the battery cells.
  • embodiments of the present application provide a battery cell.
  • the first reinforcement part By protruding a first reinforcement part on the wall of the casing, the first reinforcement part extends along the circumferential direction of the wall part, so that the wall part is located on the first reinforcement part.
  • a first region is formed on the outer peripheral side, and a weak portion is formed in the first region.
  • the wall portion is protrudingly provided with a first reinforcing portion.
  • the first reinforcing portion strengthens the wall portion and enhances the strength of the weak portion. Since the weak portion is formed in the first area located on the outer circumferential side of the first reinforced portion, when the wall portion is subjected to external force and causes the portion located on the inner circumferential side of the first reinforced portion to deform, the first reinforced portion can reduce the impact of the external force on the weak portion. The influence of the battery is reduced, the deformation of the weak part is reduced, the normal detonation pressure of the battery cell is ensured, and the service life of the battery cell is improved.
  • Power-consuming devices can be vehicles, mobile phones, portable devices, laptops, ships, spacecraft, electric toys and power tools, etc.
  • Vehicles can be fuel vehicles, gas vehicles or new energy vehicles, and new energy vehicles can be pure electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles or extended-range vehicles, etc.
  • spacecraft include aircraft, rockets, space shuttles, spaceships, etc.
  • electric toys include fixed Type or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric ship toys and electric airplane toys, etc.
  • electric tools include metal cutting electric tools, grinding electric tools, assembly electric tools and railway electric tools, for example, Electric drills, electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators, planers and more.
  • Electric drills Electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators, planers and more.
  • the following embodiments take the electrical equipment as a vehicle as an example.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle 1000 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery 100 is disposed inside the vehicle 1000 , and the battery 100 may be disposed at the bottom, head, or tail of the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 may be used to power the vehicle 1000 , for example, the battery 100 may serve as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000 .
  • the vehicle 1000 may also include a controller 200 and a motor 300 .
  • the controller 200 is used to control the battery 100 to provide power to the motor 300 , for example, for starting, navigating and driving the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 can not only be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000 , but can also be used as a driving power source for the vehicle 1000 , replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1000 .
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the battery 100 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery 100 includes a battery cell 10 and a case 20 .
  • the battery cell 10 is accommodated in the case 20 .
  • the box 20 is a component that accommodates the battery cells 10.
  • the box 20 provides a storage space for the battery cells 10.
  • the box 20 can adopt a variety of structures.
  • the box 20 may include a first part 201 and a second part 202 , and the first part 201 and the second part 202 cover each other to define an accommodation space for accommodating the battery cells 10 .
  • the first part 201 and the second part 202 can be in various shapes, such as cuboid, cylinder, etc.
  • the first part 201 may be a hollow structure open on one side, and the second part 202 may also be a hollow structure open on one side.
  • the open side of the second part 202 is covered with the open side of the first part 201 to form a box with accommodating space.
  • Body 20 is a component that accommodates the battery cells 10.
  • the box 20 provides a storage space for the battery cells 10.
  • the box 20 can adopt a variety of structures.
  • the box 20 may include a first part 201 and a second part
  • the first part 201 may be a hollow structure with one side open
  • the second part 202 may be a plate-like structure
  • the second part 202 covers the open side of the first part 201 to form a box 20 with a receiving space.
  • the first part 201 and the second part 202 can be sealed by sealing elements, which can be sealing rings, sealants, etc.
  • the battery 100 there may be one battery cell 10 or a plurality of battery cells 10. If there are multiple battery cells 10 , the multiple battery cells 10 can be connected in series, in parallel, or in mixed connection. Mixed connection means that the multiple battery cells 10 are both connected in series and in parallel. Multiple battery cells 10 may be first connected in series, parallel, or mixed to form a battery module, and then multiple battery modules may be connected in series, parallel, or mixed to form a whole, and be accommodated in the box 20 . It is also possible that all the battery cells 10 are directly connected in series or in parallel or mixed together, and then the whole battery cells 10 are accommodated in the box 20 .
  • the battery 100 may further include a bus component, through which the multiple battery cells 10 may be electrically connected to achieve series, parallel or mixed connection of the multiple battery cells 10 .
  • the bus component can be a metal conductor, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, etc.
  • Figure 3 is an exploded view of the battery cell 10 provided by some embodiments of the present application
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the battery cell 10 shown in Figure 3.
  • the battery cell 10 may include a case 1 and an electrode assembly 2 .
  • the housing 1 is a component for housing the electrode assembly 2 .
  • the shell 1 can be in various shapes, such as cylinder, cuboid, etc.
  • the housing 1 may include a housing 11 and an end cap 12 .
  • the housing 11 may be a hollow structure with an opening formed at one end.
  • the housing 11 can be made of various materials, such as copper, iron, aluminum, steel, aluminum alloy, etc.
  • the end cap 12 is a component that closes the opening of the case 11 to isolate the internal environment of the battery cell 10 from the external environment.
  • the end cap 12 and the housing 11 jointly define a sealed space for accommodating the electrode assembly 2, electrolyte and other components.
  • the end cap 12 can be connected to the housing 11 by welding or crimping to close the opening of the housing 11 .
  • the shape of the end cap 12 can be adapted to the shape of the shell 1.
  • the shell 11 is a rectangular parallelepiped structure
  • the end cap 12 is a rectangular plate structure matching the shell 1.
  • the shell 11 is a cylinder
  • the end cap 12 is a circular plate-shaped structure that matches the housing 11 .
  • the end cap 12 can also be made of various materials, such as copper, iron, aluminum, steel, aluminum alloy, etc.
  • the electrode assembly 2 is a component in the battery cell 10 where electrochemical reactions occur.
  • the electrode assembly 2 may include a positive electrode sheet, a negative electrode sheet and a separation film.
  • the electrode assembly 2 may be a rolled structure formed by winding a positive electrode sheet, a separator film and a negative electrode sheet, or may be a laminated structure formed by a stacked arrangement of positive electrode sheets, separator films and negative electrode sheets.
  • the electrode assembly 2 has a tab 21.
  • the tab 21 is divided into a positive tab 21a and a negative tab 21b.
  • the positive tab 21a can be a portion of the positive sheet that is not coated with a positive active material layer
  • the negative tab 21b can be a portion of the negative sheet that is not coated with a negative active material layer. part of the physical layer.
  • the battery cell 10 may also include an electrode terminal 3 , which is used to electrically connect with the tab 21 of the electrode assembly 2 to output the electric energy of the battery cell 10 .
  • the electrode terminal 3 can be provided on the end cover 12 or on the housing 1 .
  • the electrode terminal 3 and the tab 21 can be directly connected, for example, the electrode terminal 3 and the tab 21 are directly welded.
  • the electrode terminal 3 and the tab 21 may also be connected indirectly.
  • the electrode terminal 3 and the tab 21 are indirectly connected through the current collecting member 4 .
  • the current collecting member 4 may be a metal conductor, such as copper, iron, aluminum, steel, aluminum alloy, etc.
  • the positive electrode lug 21a is electrically connected to the electrode terminal 3 through a current collecting member 4
  • the negative electrode lug 21b is electrically connected to the electrode terminal 3 through another current collecting member 4.
  • the flow member 4 is electrically connected to the housing 11 .
  • FIG. 5 is a partial enlarged view of the battery cell 10 shown in FIG. 4 .
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a battery cell 10, which includes a casing 1 and an electrode assembly 2.
  • the housing 1 accommodates the electrode assembly 2 and has a wall portion 13 arranged opposite to the electrode assembly 2 along the thickness direction Z of the wall portion 13 .
  • the wall portion 13 is protrudingly provided with a first reinforcing portion 131 , which extends along the circumferential direction of the wall portion 13 .
  • the wall portion 13 includes a first region 132 located on the outer circumferential side of the first reinforcing portion 131 .
  • 132 is formed with a weak portion 1321 configured to rupture when the battery cell 10 releases pressure.
  • the wall portion 13 can be the end cover 12 of the housing 1 , or can be a wall between the housing 11 and the end cover 12 that is opposite to each other.
  • the wall portion 13 may be circular or rectangular. If the housing 1 is a cylinder, the wall portion 13 is circular; if the housing 1 is a rectangular parallelepiped, the wall portion 13 is a rectangle. Taking the housing 1 as a cylinder as an example, the axial direction of the housing 1 is the thickness direction Z of the wall portion 13 .
  • the wall portion 13 can be used as an electric energy output component of the battery cell 10 , and the wall portion 13 is electrically connected to the electrode assembly 2 to output the electric energy of the battery cell 10 .
  • the wall portion 13 is an end cover 12 , and the end cover 12 is electrically connected to the tab 21 of the electrode assembly 2 through the current collecting member 4 .
  • the wall portion 13 is provided with a first reinforcing portion 131 , that is, the first reinforcing portion 131 is provided on the wall portion 13 and protrudes from the wall portion 13 .
  • the first reinforcing portion 131 can be protruded on the side of the wall portion 13 facing the electrode assembly 2 so that the first reinforcing portion 131 faces the inside of the battery cell 10 .
  • the first reinforcing portion 131 can also be The first reinforcing portion 131 is protruding on the side of the wall portion 13 away from the electrode assembly 2 so that the first reinforcing portion 131 faces the outside of the battery cell 10 .
  • the first reinforcing part 131 may be an annular structure, such as a circular ring, a square ring, etc. Taking the wall portion 13 as a circular example, the first reinforcing portion 131 extends along the circumferential direction of the wall portion 13 to form a circular ring structure.
  • the first region 132 is a portion of the wall portion 13 located on the outer peripheral side of the first reinforcement portion 131 .
  • the outer circumferential side of the first reinforced part 131 is the outer side of the first reinforced part 131 in the thickness direction Z perpendicular to the wall part 13.
  • the outer circumferential side of the first reinforced part 131 is the outer side of the first reinforced part 131 in the thickness direction Z perpendicular to the wall part 13.
  • a reinforcing portion 131 is located outside the wall portion 13 in the radial direction, and the first region 132 is an annular portion of the wall portion 13 surrounding the outside of the first reinforcing portion 131 .
  • the weak portion 1321 is a weaker portion of the wall portion 13 .
  • the weak portion 1321 is more likely to break than other areas.
  • the weak portion 1321 can be cracked so that the emissions inside the battery cell 10 can be discharged to achieve the purpose of releasing the pressure inside the battery cell 10 .
  • the wall portion 13 is protrudingly provided with a first reinforcing portion 131.
  • the first reinforcing portion 131 strengthens the wall portion 13 and enhances the strength of the weak portion 1321. Since the weak portion 1321 is formed in the first region 132 located on the outer circumferential side of the first reinforced portion 131 , when the wall portion 13 is subjected to an external force and causes the portion located on the inner circumferential side of the first reinforced portion 131 to deform, the first reinforced portion 131 It can reduce the influence of external force on the weak part 1321, reduce the deformation of the weak part 1321, ensure the normal detonation pressure of the battery cell 10, and improve the service life of the battery cell 10.
  • the wall portion 13 further includes a second area 133 located on the inner peripheral side of the first reinforcing portion 131 , and the second area 133 is provided with a liquid injection hole 1331 .
  • the liquid injection hole 1331 is provided in the second area 133 of the wall 13 to facilitate the injection of electrolyte into the battery cell 10 .
  • the second region 133 is a portion of the wall portion 13 located on the inner peripheral side of the first reinforcement portion 131 .
  • the first reinforced part 131 divides the wall part 13 into two areas. One area is the first area 132 located on the outer circumferential side of the first reinforced part 131 , and the other area is the second area located on the inner circumferential side of the first reinforced part 131 .
  • Area 133, the second area 133 is the central area of the wall portion 13.
  • the inner circumferential side of the first reinforced part 131 is the inner side of the first reinforced part 131 in the thickness direction Z perpendicular to the wall part 13.
  • the inner circumferential side of the first reinforced part 131 is It is the inner side of the first reinforced part 131 in the radial direction of the wall part 13
  • the second area 133 is the part of the wall part 13 located inside the first reinforced part 131 .
  • the liquid injection hole 1331 is a channel provided in the second area 133 for the electrolyte to enter the interior of the battery cell 10 .
  • the liquid injection hole 1331 may be disposed at the center of the second area 133 , or may be deviated from the center of the second area 133 . After the electrolyte is injected into the battery cell 10 through the liquid injection hole 1331, the liquid injection hole 1331 can be blocked by a sealing nail.
  • the second region 133 is easily deformed to the inside of the battery cell 10 by the extruding force exerted by the liquid injection device (such as a liquid injection needle).
  • the first reinforcement The portion 131 can reduce the impact of the deformation of the second region 133 on the weak portion 1321, thereby reducing the deformation of the weak portion 1321 and reducing the deformation of the weak portion 1321 caused by injecting electrolyte into the battery cell 10 through the injection hole 1331. This results in the risk of the weak portion 1321 cracking before reaching the detonation pressure.
  • the liquid injection hole 1331 is coaxially disposed with the first reinforcing part 131 .
  • the liquid injection hole 1331 is provided at the center of the second area 133 .
  • the liquid injection hole 1331 is arranged so that the second area 133 is an annular structure surrounding the inside of the first reinforcing part 131 .
  • the liquid injection hole 1331 is a circular hole and the first reinforcement part 131 is annular.
  • the center line of the liquid injection hole 1331 coincides with the central axis of the first reinforcement part 131 .
  • the diameter of the liquid injection hole 1331 may be 0.05-10 mm.
  • the liquid injection hole 1331 is coaxially arranged with the first reinforcement part 131.
  • the second region 133 is forced to deform into the battery cell 10.
  • the first reinforcing part 131 is evenly stressed, which reduces the risk of deformation of the weak part 1321 due to excessive local stress on the first reinforcing part 131, and can further reduce the deformation of the weak part 1321.
  • the first reinforcing portion 131 is protruding on the side of the wall portion 13 facing the electrode assembly 2 .
  • the first reinforced part 131 faces the inside of the battery cell 10 , thereby reducing the excessive external space occupied by the first reinforced part 131 and reducing the volume of the battery cell 10 .
  • the first reinforcing portion 131 is in contact with the electrode assembly 2 .
  • first reinforcing part 131 can directly contact the electrode assembly 2.
  • first reinforcing part 131 directly contacts the tab 21 of the electrode assembly 2; the first reinforcing part 131 can also indirectly contact the electrode.
  • the first reinforcing part 131 of the assembly 2 indirectly abuts the tab 21 of the electrode assembly 2 through the current collecting member 4 .
  • the wall portion 13 When the wall portion 13 receives an external force and causes the portion located on the inner circumferential side of the first reinforcing portion 131 to deform into the battery cell 10 , since the first reinforcing portion 131 is in contact with the electrode assembly 2 , the electrode assembly 2 has a negative impact on the first reinforcing portion.
  • the portion 131 plays a limiting role and reduces the risk of deformation of the weak portion 1321.
  • a first recess 134 is provided at a position corresponding to the first reinforcing portion 131 on the side of the wall portion 13 away from the electrode assembly 2 .
  • the shape of the first recessed portion 134 is the same as the shape of the first reinforcing portion 131.
  • the first recessed portion 134 is also annular.
  • the first recess 134 may be stamped. After the first recessed portion 134 is punched and formed, the first reinforcing portion 131 can be formed correspondingly on the side of the wall portion 13 facing the electrode assembly 2 .
  • the provision of the first recessed portion 134 enables the first reinforced portion 131 to have good buffering ability.
  • the wall portion 13 is subjected to an external force and causes the portion located on the inner circumferential side of the first reinforced portion 131 to deform, the first reinforced portion 131 is deformed.
  • a reinforced part 131 plays a good buffering role, preventing external force from being transmitted to the weak part 1321 and further reducing the deformation of the weak part 1321.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the wall portion 13 shown in FIG. 5 .
  • the width of the first reinforced portion 131 along the radial direction of the wall portion 13 is a 1
  • the inner diameter of the first reinforced portion 131 is r 1
  • the radius of the wall portion 13 is R, which satisfies: 0.05 ⁇ a 1 /R ⁇ 0.8; and/ Or, 0.05 ⁇ r 1 /R ⁇ 0.8.
  • the wall portion 13 is circular, and the first reinforcing portion 131 is annular. Half of the difference between the outer diameter and the inner diameter of the first reinforced portion 131 is the width of the first reinforced portion 131 along the radial direction of the wall portion 13 .
  • a 1 /R can be any value between 0.05 and 0.8, such as 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, etc.
  • r 1 /R can also be any value between 0.05 and 0.8, such as 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, etc.
  • the first area 132 is protrudingly provided with a second reinforcement portion 135 , and the second reinforcement portion 135 extends along the circumferential direction of the wall portion 13 .
  • the first area 132 includes a first connecting part 1322, which connects the first reinforcing part 131 and the second reinforcing part 135.
  • the first connecting part 1322 is located on the outer peripheral side of the first reinforcing part 131, and the second reinforcing part 135 is located on The outer peripheral side of the first connection portion 1322 .
  • the weak part 1321 is formed in the first connecting part 1322.
  • the second reinforcing part 135 is provided in the first area 132 and protrudes from the first area 132 .
  • the second reinforcing portion 135 can be protruded on the side of the first region 132 facing the electrode assembly 2 , so that the second reinforcing portion 135 faces the inside of the battery cell 10 , and the second reinforcing portion 135 is also It can be protruded on the side of the wall portion 13 away from the electrode assembly 2 so that the second reinforcing portion 135 faces the outside of the battery cell 10 .
  • the second reinforcing part 135 surrounds the outside of the first reinforcing part 131.
  • the second reinforcing part 135 may be an annular structure, such as a circular ring, a square ring, etc.
  • the second reinforcing part 135 is coaxially arranged with the first reinforcing part 131.
  • the wall portion 13 is circular, and both the second reinforcing portion 135 and the first reinforcing portion 131 are annular.
  • the second reinforcing part 135 is coaxially arranged with the first reinforcing part 131 .
  • the first connection part 1322 is a part of the first area 132 connected to the first reinforcement part 131 and the second reinforcement part 135 along the thickness direction Z perpendicular to the wall part 13 .
  • the first connecting part 1322 and the second area 133 are connected through the first reinforcing part 131 .
  • the first connecting part 1322 is an annular structure connected between the first reinforcing part 131 and the second reinforcing part 135 .
  • both the first connecting part 1322 and the second region 133 are flat plates.
  • the first connecting part 1322 and the second region 133 are substantially flush. .
  • the weak portion 1321 is formed at the first connecting portion 1322 connected between the first reinforcing portion 131 and the second reinforcing portion 135 .
  • the second reinforcing portion 135 can also enhance the strength of the weak portion 1321 .
  • the second reinforcement part 135 is protruding on the side of the first region 132 facing the electrode assembly 2 , along the thickness direction Z of the wall part 13 , the second reinforcement part 135 has Facing the first surface 1351 of the electrode assembly 2 , the first surface 1351 abuts the electrode assembly 2 to achieve electrical connection between the wall portion 13 and the electrode assembly 2 .
  • the first surface 1351 is the end surface of the second reinforcement portion 135 facing the electrode assembly 2 along the thickness direction Z of the wall portion 13 .
  • the first surface 1351 can directly contact the electrode assembly 2.
  • the first surface 1351 directly contacts the tab 21 of the electrode assembly 2 to achieve electrical connection between the wall portion 13 and the electrode assembly 2; the first surface 1351 can also indirectly contact the electrode assembly 2.
  • the first surface 1351 of the second reinforcing part 135 is in contact with the electrode assembly 2. On the one hand, it realizes the electrical connection between the wall part 13 and the electrode assembly 2, so as to facilitate the output of the electric energy of the battery cell 10 through the wall part 13; on the other hand, , the second reinforcing part 135 plays a supporting role for the electrode assembly 2 and improves the stability of the electrode assembly 2 inside the housing 1 .
  • the first reinforcing portion 131 does not exceed the first surface 1351 .
  • the direction in which the wall portion 13 points toward the electrode assembly 2 is the direction in which the wall portion 13 faces the electrode assembly 2 along the thickness direction Z.
  • the first reinforcing part 131 does not exceed the first surface 1351 to ensure that the first surface 1351 can effectively contact the electrode assembly 2 .
  • the first reinforcing portion 131 has a second surface 1311 facing the electrode assembly 2 , and the second surface 1311 is flush with the first surface 1351 .
  • the second surface 1311 is the end surface of the first reinforcement part 131 facing the electrode assembly 2 along the thickness direction Z of the wall part 13 .
  • the second surface 1311 is flush with the first surface 1351 , so that the second surface 1311 and the first surface 1351 are in the same plane, and both the second surface 1311 and the first surface 1351 can abut against the electrode assembly 2 .
  • the flow area is increased.
  • the second surface 1311 and the first surface 1351 are both directly in contact with the current collecting member 4, and the current collecting member 4 is directly in contact with the tab 21 of the electrode assembly 2.
  • the second surface 1311 and the first surface 1351 are both in contact with the current collecting member 4 , thereby increasing the flow area between the current collecting member 4 and the wall 13 .
  • the first reinforcing part 131 can be brought into contact with the electrode assembly 2 and the influence of the force on the weak part 1321 caused by the portion of the wall part 13 located on the inner circumferential side of the first reinforcing part 131 can be reduced.
  • the second surface 1311 may be farther away from the electrode assembly 2 than the first surface 1351 .
  • the wall portion 13 has a third surface 1324 that is away from the electrode assembly 2 and farthest from the first surface 1351 .
  • the first connecting portion 1322 is located between the first surface 1351 and the third surface 1324 .
  • the third surface 1324 may be formed in the first area 132 or the second area 133 .
  • the first connection part 1322 is between the first surface 1351 and the third surface 1324 in the thickness direction Z of the wall part 13, so that it is difficult for external force to directly act on the first connection part 1322, thereby effectively reducing the impact on the first connection part 1322.
  • the influence of external forces on the weak portion 1321 during the production and use of the battery cell 10 For example, when the housing 1 is placed on an object, the third surface 1324 of the wall part 13 is in contact with the object, and the first connecting part 1322 is in a suspended state and will not directly contact the object and receive force, thereby achieving the purpose of protecting the weak part 1321.
  • the first area 132 also includes an edge portion 1323 , the edge portion 1323 is connected to the second reinforcement portion 135 and is located on the outer peripheral side of the second reinforcement portion 135 along the wall portion. In the thickness direction Z of 13, the surface of the edge portion 1323 facing away from the electrode assembly 2 is the third surface 1324.
  • the edge portion 1323 may be an annular structure arranged around the second reinforcing portion 135 , and the outer diameter of the edge portion 1323 is the diameter of the wall portion 13 .
  • the edge portion 1323 can be connected to the shell 11 of the shell 1 , for example, by welding, so that the end cap 12 blocks the opening of the shell 11 .
  • the edge portion 1323 protects the first connecting portion 1322.
  • the edge portion 1323 contacts the object, and the first connecting portion 1322 is in a suspended state and will not directly contact the object and receive force, causing external forces to It is difficult to directly act on the first connecting portion 1322 .
  • the distance between the third surface 1324 and the first surface 1351 is H
  • the height of the first reinforcing portion 131 protruding from the wall portion 13 is h 1
  • the height of the second reinforcing part 135 protruding from the wall part 13 is h 2 , satisfying: 0.1 ⁇ h 1 /H ⁇ 0.9; and/or, 0.1 ⁇ h 2 /H ⁇ 0.9.
  • h 1 /H can be any value between 0.1 and 0.9, for example, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9.
  • h 2 /H can also be any value between 0.1 and 0.9, such as 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9.
  • a second recess is provided at a position corresponding to the second reinforcing portion 135 on the side of the first region 132 away from the electrode assembly 2 136.
  • the shape of the second recessed portion 136 is the same as the shape of the second reinforced portion 135.
  • the second reinforced portion 135 is annular, then the second recessed portion 136 is also annular.
  • the second recess 136 may be stamped. After the second recessed portion 136 is punched and formed, a second reinforced portion 135 can be formed correspondingly on the side of the first region 132 facing the electrode assembly 2 .
  • the arrangement of the second recessed portion 136 enables the second reinforced portion 135 to have a good buffering ability.
  • the second reinforced portion 135 plays a good buffering role. , preventing external force from transmitting to the weak part 1321 and further reducing the deformation of the weak part 1321.
  • the wall 13 as the end cover 12 of the housing 1 as an example, when the wall 13 is assembled with the housing 11, the edge 1323 of the wall 13 will be subject to the force exerted by the housing 11.
  • the buffering effect of the second reinforcing part 135 can reduce the deformation of the weak part 1321.
  • the second reinforcing part 135 is welded to the electrode assembly 2 to achieve electrical connection between the wall part 13 and the electrode assembly 2 .
  • the first surface 1351 of the second reinforcing part 135 is directly in contact with the tab 21 of the electrode assembly 2 , and the second reinforcing part 135 is welded to the tab 21 of the electrode assembly 2 .
  • welding the second reinforcing part 135 to the electrode assembly 2 can effectively improve the stability of the electrical connection between the wall part 13 and the electrode assembly 2 .
  • the second recess 136 can be regarded as a welding groove.
  • the provision of the second recess 136 can reduce the thickness of the second reinforcement 135 and strengthen the second reinforcement 135 The solidity of welding with pole lug 21.
  • the liquid injection hole 1331 is provided in the second area 133
  • the liquid injection hole 1331 and the second protrusion are relatively far apart.
  • the electrolyte is injected into the battery cell 10 through the injection hole 1331, the electrolyte remaining near the injection hole 1331 is difficult to flow into the second recess 136, and is not easy to affect the second reinforced part 135 and the tab 21 Welding strength.
  • the first recess 134 can block the electrolyte from flowing into the second groove 32 , further reducing the electrolyte remaining near the injection hole 1331 from flowing to the second recess 136 And there is a risk of affecting the firmness of the welding between the second reinforcing part 135 and the tab 21 .
  • the battery cell 10 further includes a current collecting member 4 disposed between the wall 13 and the electrode assembly 2 along the thickness direction Z of the wall 13 .
  • the current member 4 is connected to the electrode assembly 2 , and the second reinforcing part 135 is welded to the current collecting member 4 to achieve electrical connection between the wall part 13 and the electrode assembly 2 .
  • the shape of the current collecting member 4 may be the same as the shape of the wall part 13.
  • the wall part 13 and the current collecting member 4 are both circular.
  • the current collecting member 4 is disposed between the tab 21 and the wall portion 13 of the electrode assembly 2 , and the current collecting member 4 is connected to the tab 21 .
  • the current collecting member 4 is welded to the tab 21 .
  • the second reinforcing part 135 is welded to the current collecting member 4 to improve the stability of the electrical connection between the wall part 13 and the electrode assembly 2.
  • the provision of the second recess 136 can reduce the thickness of the second reinforcement 135 and enhance the firmness of the welding between the second reinforcement 135 and the current collecting member 4 .
  • the liquid injection hole 1331 is provided in the second area 133
  • the liquid injection hole 1331 and the second protrusion are relatively far apart.
  • the electrolyte is injected into the battery cell 10 through the injection hole 1331, the electrolyte remaining near the injection hole 1331 is difficult to flow into the second recess 136, and is not easy to affect the second reinforcement part 135 and the current collecting member. 4.
  • the firmness of welding since the electrolyte is injected into the battery cell 10 through the injection hole 1331, the electrolyte remaining near the injection hole 1331 is difficult to flow into the second recess 136, and is not easy to affect the second reinforcement part 135 and the current collecting member. 4. The firmness of welding.
  • the first recess 134 can block the electrolyte from flowing into the second groove 32 , further reducing the electrolyte remaining near the injection hole 1331 from flowing to the second recess 136 There is a risk of affecting the firmness of the welding between the second reinforcing part 135 and the current collecting member 4 .
  • the width of the second reinforced portion 135 is a 2
  • the radius of the wall portion 13 is R
  • the distance from the outer edge of the second reinforced portion 135 to the outer edge of the wall portion 13 is L 1
  • the distance between the first reinforced part 131 and the second reinforced part 135 is L 2 , satisfying: 0.05 ⁇ a 2 /R ⁇ 0.8; and/or, 0.02 ⁇ L 1 /R ⁇ 0.8; and/or, 0.05 ⁇ L 2 /R ⁇ 0.8.
  • the wall portion 13 is circular, and the second reinforcing portion 135 is annular. Half of the difference between the outer diameter and the inner diameter of the second reinforced portion 135 is the width of the second reinforced portion 135 along the radial direction of the wall portion 13 .
  • the distance between the outer edge of the first reinforcing part 131 and the inner edge of the second reinforcing part 135 is the distance between the first reinforcing part 131 and the second reinforcing part 135 .
  • the outer edge of the edge portion 1323 is the outer edge of the wall portion 13 .
  • a 2 /R can be any value between 0.05 and 0.8, such as 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, etc.
  • L 1 /R can be any value between 0.02 and 0.8, such as 0.02, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, etc.
  • L 2 /R can be any value between 0.05 and 0.8, such as 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, etc.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the wall portion 13 provided in other embodiments of the present application.
  • the first connecting portion 1322 partially protrudes to form a third reinforcement.
  • the third reinforced portion 1325 extends along the circumferential direction of the wall portion 13 , and the weak portion 1321 is formed in the third reinforced portion 1325 .
  • the third reinforcing part 1325 may be an annular structure, such as a circular ring, a square ring, etc. Taking the wall part 13 as a circular example, the third reinforcing part 1325 may extend along the circumferential direction of the wall part 13 to form a circular ring structure. The third reinforcing part 1325 may be disposed coaxially with the first reinforcing part 131 . The third reinforcing part 1325 formed by the first connecting part 1322 may be one or multiple.
  • the first connecting part 1322 is formed with a third recessed part 1326 at a position corresponding to the third reinforced part 1325.
  • the shape of the third recessed part 1326 is the same as the shape of the third reinforced part 1325.
  • the third recess 1326 may be stamped.
  • a third reinforcing portion 1325 can be correspondingly formed on the other side of the first connecting portion 1322 .
  • the first reinforcement part 131, the second reinforcement part 135 and the third reinforcement part 1325 may be located on the same side of the wall part 13, or may be located on different sides.
  • the first reinforcement part 131 , the second reinforcement part 135 and the third reinforcement part 1325 are located on the same side of the wall part 13 , and all face the electrode assembly 2 (not shown in FIG. 7 ).
  • the third reinforcing part 1325 is a part of the first connecting part 1322, since the third reinforcing part 1325 is a part of the first connecting part 1322, the third reinforcing part 1325 is The portion 1325 is also located between the first surface 1351 and the third surface 1324 along the thickness direction Z of the wall portion 13 .
  • the third reinforcing part 1325 can enhance the strength of the first connecting part 1322 and further reduce the impact on the weak part 1321 caused by the forced deformation of the wall part 13 .
  • the weak portion 1321 may also be formed in other areas of the first connecting portion 1322 except for the third reinforcing portion 1325 .
  • the width of the third reinforcing part 1325 along the radial direction of the wall part 13 is a 3
  • the radius of the wall part 13 is R, which satisfies: 0.05 ⁇ a 3 /R ⁇ 0.8.
  • the wall portion 13 is circular, and the third reinforcing portion 1325 is annular. Half of the difference between the outer diameter and the inner diameter of the third reinforced portion 1325 is the width of the third reinforced portion 1325 along the radial direction of the wall portion 13 .
  • a 3 /R can be any value between 0.05 and 0.8, such as 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, etc.
  • the first region 132 is provided with a score 1327 , and the first region 132 forms a weak portion 1321 at the position where the score 1327 is provided.
  • the remaining portion of the first region 132 at the position of the score 1327 is the weak portion 1321.
  • the shape of the weak portion 1321 is the same as the shape of the score 1327 .
  • the notch 1327 can be in various shapes, such as rectangular, circular, oval, ring, U-shaped, C-shaped, H-shaped, etc.
  • the score 1327 can be formed in a variety of ways, such as stamping, milling, etc.
  • the weak portion 1321 is formed correspondingly by providing the notch 1327 in the first region 132, so that the thickness of the weak portion 1321 is thinner than that of other regions and is easier to break.
  • the molding method of the weak portion 1321 is simple.
  • FIG. 8 is a top view of the wall 13 shown in FIG. 6 .
  • the notch 1327 is provided around the first reinforcing part 131 , and the notch 1327 is a non-closed structure with a distance between the first and last ends.
  • score 1327 is C-shaped.
  • the wall portion 13 can be flipped outward in the area defined by the notch 1327 , so that the battery cell 10 has a larger pressure relief area and improves the pressure relief efficiency.
  • the score 1327 is provided around the first reinforcing part 131 , and the score 1327 is a closed structure connected at both ends.
  • the score 1327 is circular.
  • the wall portion 13 can be opened outward in the area defined by the notches 1327, so that the battery cell 10 has a larger pressure relief area and improves the pressure relief efficiency.
  • FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a battery cell 10 provided in other embodiments of the present application.
  • the housing 1 includes a housing 11 and an end cover 12. One end of the housing 11 forms an opening.
  • the housing 11 has a bottom wall 111 opposite to the opening.
  • the end cover 12 is connected to the housing 11 and closes the opening. Among them, one of the bottom wall 111 and the end cover 12 is the wall portion 13 . If the bottom wall 111 of the housing 11 serves as the wall portion 13, the bottom wall 111 of the housing 11 has a pressure relief capability; if the end cover 12 of the housing 1 serves as the wall portion 13, the end cover 12 has a pressure relief capability.
  • the end cap 12 serves as the wall portion 13 .
  • the battery cell 10 further includes an electrode terminal 3 .
  • the electrode terminal 3 is disposed at an end of the housing 1 opposite to the wall portion 13 .
  • the electrode terminal 3 is connected to the wall portion 13 .
  • the electrode assembly 2 is electrically connected.
  • the electrode terminal 3 and the electrode assembly 2 may be directly connected, for example, the electrode terminal 3 and the tab 21 of the electrode assembly 2 are welded. As shown in FIG. 9 , the electrode terminal 3 and the electrode assembly 2 may also be indirectly connected through the current collecting member 4 .
  • the electrode terminal 3 is provided on the end cover 12 , and is riveted to the end cover 12 and kept insulated from the end cover 12 .
  • the electrode terminal 3 is provided on the bottom wall 111 of the housing 11 , and the electrode terminal 3 is riveted to the bottom wall 111 of the housing 11 and connected with the bottom wall 111 Stay insulated.
  • the electric energy of the battery cell 10 can be output conveniently through the electrode terminal 3 .
  • FIG. 10 is a partial enlarged view of position A of the battery cell 10 shown in FIG. 9 .
  • the electrode terminal 3 has a first outer surface 31 facing away from the electrode assembly 2, and the electrode terminal 3 is provided with a groove 32 recessed from the first outer surface 31 in a direction approaching the electrode assembly 2.
  • a second connection part 33 is formed at the position where the groove 32 is provided, and the second connection part 33 is connected to the electrode assembly 2.
  • the first outer surface 31 is an end surface of one end of the electrode terminal 3 away from the electrode assembly 2 along the thickness direction Z of the wall portion 13 .
  • the electrode terminal 3 also includes a first inner surface 34 opposite to the first outer surface 31.
  • the portion of the electrode terminal 3 located between the groove bottom surface of the groove 32 and the first inner surface 34 is the first inner surface 34.
  • Two connecting parts 33 are provided.
  • the second connection part 33 is indirectly connected to the tab 21 of the electrode assembly 2 through the current collecting member 4, the second connection part 33 is welded to the current collecting member 4, and the current collecting member 4 is welded to the tab 21 of the electrode assembly 2.
  • the liquid injection hole 1331 is also provided in the electrode terminal 3 to avoid providing the liquid injection hole 1331 on the electrode terminal 3 because the liquid injection hole 1331 is near the The residual electrolyte causes the electrode terminal 3 to be weakly welded.
  • the provision of the groove 32 on the electrode terminal 3 reduces the weight of the electrode terminal 3 and reduces the production cost.
  • the second connecting portion 33 of the electrode terminal 3 is thinner, which enables external welding of the electrode terminal 3 and improves the stability of the electrical connection between the electrode terminal 3 and the electrode assembly 2.
  • the battery cell 10 further includes a blocking member 5 .
  • the blocking member 5 is connected to the electrode terminal 3 and blocks the groove 32 .
  • the blocking member 5 has a second outer surface 51 facing away from the electrode assembly 2 , and the second outer surface 51 is flush with the first outer surface 31 .
  • the blocking member 5 can be made of metal, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, etc.
  • the blocking member 5 and the electrode terminal 3 can be welded and fixed.
  • the groove 32 includes a first groove 321 and a second groove 322.
  • the first groove 321 and the second groove 322 are arranged along the depth direction of the groove 32.
  • the first groove 321 extends from the first outer surface 31 along the groove. 32 is recessed in the depth direction of the groove 32, and the second groove 322 is recessed from the bottom surface of the first groove 321 along the depth direction of the groove 32.
  • the bottom surface of the second groove 322 is the bottom surface of the groove 32, and the blocking member 5 is against The bottom surface of the first groove 321 is used to block the groove 32 .
  • the second outer surface 51 of the blocking member 5 and the first outer surface 31 of the electrode terminal 3 can jointly form a flat interface, which is conducive to welding with other components (such as bus components) to achieve large area flow.
  • the second outer surface 51 is flush with the first outer surface 31 , which facilitates seam welding of the blocking member 5 and the electrode terminal 3 .
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a battery 100, which includes a box 20 and the battery cell 10 provided in any of the above embodiments.
  • the battery cell 10 is accommodated in the box 20.
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides an electrical device, including the battery 100 provided in any of the above embodiments.
  • embodiments of the present application also provide a cylindrical battery 100 , including a casing 1 , an electrode assembly 2 , an electrode terminal 3 and a current collecting member 4 .
  • the electrode assembly 2 is accommodated in the casing 1 .
  • the housing 1 includes a housing 11 and an end cover 12.
  • the housing 11 has an opening, and the end cover 12 closes the opening of the housing 11.
  • the end cap 12 is protrudingly provided with a first reinforcing part 131 .
  • the end cap 12 includes a first region 132 located on the outer circumferential side of the first reinforcing part 131 and a second region 133 located on the inner circumferential side of the first reinforcing part 131 .
  • a second reinforcing part 135 is protruding from the first area 132 , and both the first reinforcing part 131 and the second reinforcing part 135 extend along the circumferential direction of the end cover 12 .
  • the second area 133 includes a first connecting portion 1322 that connects the first reinforcing portion 131 and the second reinforcing portion 135 .
  • the first connecting portion 1322 is located on the outer peripheral side of the first reinforcing portion 131 .
  • the second reinforcing portion 135 is located on the first connecting portion 1322 the outer peripheral side.
  • the first connection portion 1322 is formed with a weak portion 1321 configured to rupture when the battery cell 10 releases pressure.
  • the second area 133 is provided with a liquid injection hole 1331 .
  • the electrode terminal 3 is disposed at the opposite end of the housing 1 and the end cover 12.
  • the positive electrode lug 21a of the electrode assembly 2 is electrically connected to the electrode terminal 3 through a current collecting member 4, and the negative electrode lug 21b of the electrode assembly 2 is connected to the electrode terminal 3 through another current collecting member 4.
  • the second reinforcement part 135 is electrically connected.
  • the second region 133 is easily deformed into the battery cell 10 by the pressing force exerted by the liquid injection device.
  • a reinforced part 131 can reduce the impact of the deformation of the second region 133 on the weak part 1321, thereby reducing the deformation of the weak part 1321 and reducing the weak part 1321 caused by injecting electrolyte into the battery cell 10 through the injection hole 1331. deformation, resulting in the risk of the weak portion 1321 cracking before reaching the detonation pressure, thereby increasing the service life of the battery cell 10 .

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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

本申请实施例提供了一种电池单体、电池及用电设备，属于电池技术领域。其中，电池单体包括电极组件及外壳。外壳容纳电极组件，外壳具有壁部，沿壁部的厚度方向，壁部与电极组件相对设置。壁部凸设有第一加强部，第一加强部沿壁部的周向延伸，壁部包括位于第一加强部的外周侧的第一区域，第一区域形成有薄弱部，薄弱部被配置为在电池单体泄放压力时裂开。第一加强部对壁部起到加强作用，增强了薄弱部强度。由于薄弱部形成在位于第一加强部的外周侧的第一区域，在壁部受到外力而导致位于第一加强部的内周侧的部分发生变形时，第一加强部能够降低外力对薄弱部的影响，减小薄弱部的变形，保证电池单体的正常起爆压力，提高了电池单体的使用寿命。

Description

电池单体、电池及用电设备 技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种电池单体、电池及用电设备。
背景技术
目前，随着新能源技术的发展，电池的应用越来越广泛，例如应用在手机、笔记本电脑、电瓶车、电动汽车、电动飞机、电动轮船、电动玩具汽车、电动玩具轮船、电动玩具飞机和电动工具等上。
电池单体作为储能元件，一般通过电极组件和电解液发生化学反应，从而输出电能。在电池技术中，不仅需要考虑电池单体的安全性，还要考虑电池单体的使用寿命。因此，如何提高电池单体使用寿命是电池技术中一个亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供一种电池单体、电池及用电设备，能够有效提高电池单体的使用寿命。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供一种电池单体，包括电极组件及外壳；外壳容纳电极组件，外壳具有壁部，沿壁部的厚度方向，壁部与电极组件相对设置；其中，壁部凸设有第一加强部，第一加强部沿壁部的周向延伸，壁部包括位于第一加强部的外周侧的第一区域，第一区域形成有薄弱部，薄弱部被配置为在电池单体泄放压力时裂开。
上述技术方案中，壁部凸设有第一加强部，第一加强部对壁部起到加强作用，增强了薄弱部强度。由于薄弱部形成在位于第一加强部的外周侧的第一区域，在壁部受到外力而导致位于第一加强部的内周侧的部分发生变形时，第一加强部能够降低外力对薄弱部的影响，减小薄弱部的变形，保证电池单体的正常起爆压力，提高了电池单体的使用寿命。
在一些实施例中，壁部还包括位于第一加强部的内周侧的第二区域，第二区域设置有注液孔。注液孔设置于壁部的第二区域，方便向电池单体内部注入电解液。在通过注液孔向电池单体内部注入电解液时，第二区域受到注液装置施加的挤压力容易向电池单体的内部变形，第一加强部能够降低第二区域变形而对薄弱部的影响，从而减小薄弱部的变形，降低通过注液孔向电池单体内部注入电解液的过程中导致薄弱部变形，而造成薄弱部在未达到起爆压力就裂开的风险。
在一些实施例中，注液孔与第一加强部同轴设置。这样，在通过注液孔向电池单体内部注入电解液时，第一加强部受力均匀，能够进一步减小薄弱部的变形。
在一些实施例中，沿壁部的厚度方向，第一加强部凸设于壁部面向电极组件的一侧。这样，第一加强部面向电池单体的内部，降低第一加强部占用过多的外部空间，减小电池单体的体积。
在一些实施例中，沿壁部的厚度方向，第一加强部抵接于电极组件。在壁部受到外力而导致位于第一加强部的内周侧的部分向电池单体内部发生变形时，由于第一加强部抵接于电极组件，电极组件对第一加强部起到限制作用，减小薄弱部变形的风险。
在一些实施例中，沿壁部的厚度方向，壁部背离电极组件的一侧与第一加强部相对应的位置设置有第一凹部。第一凹部的设置使得第一加强部具有很好的缓冲能力，在壁部受到外力而导致位于第一加强部的内周侧的部分发生变形时，第一加强部起到很好的缓冲作用，阻止外力向薄弱部传递，进一步减小薄弱部的变形。
在一些实施例中，第一加强部沿壁部的径向的宽度为a 1，第一加强部的内径为r 1，壁部的半径为R，满足：0.05≤a 1/R≤0.8；和/或，0.05≤r 1/R≤0.8。
在一些实施例中，第一区域凸设有第二加强部，第二加强部沿壁部的周向延伸；第一区域包括第一连接部，第一连接部连接第一加强部和第二加强部，第一连接部位于第一加强部的外周 侧，第二加强部位于第一连接部的外周侧；其中，薄弱部形成于第一连接部。薄弱部形成于连接在第一加强部和第二加强部之间的第一连接部，第二加强部也可以增强薄弱部的强度。
在一些实施例中，第二加强部凸设于第一区域面向电极组件的一侧，沿壁部的厚度方向，第二加强部具有面向电极组件的第一表面，第一表面抵接于电极组件，以实现壁部与电极组件电连接。第一表面与电极组件相抵，一方面实现了壁部与电极组件的电连接，以便于通过壁部输出电池单体的电能；另一方面，第二加强部对电极组件起到支撑作用，提高电极组件在外壳内部的稳定性。
在一些实施例中，沿壁部指向电极组件的方向，第一加强部不超出于第一表面。这样，保证第一表面能够有效地抵接于电极组件。
在一些实施例中，沿壁部的厚度方向，第一加强部具有面向电极组件的第二表面，第二表面与第一表面平齐。使得第二表面和第一表面均能够抵接于电极组件，一方面增大了过流面积，另一方面，实现第一加强部抵接于电极组件，减小壁部位于第一加强部的内周侧的部分受力而对薄弱部的影响。
在一些实施例中，沿壁部的厚度方向，壁部具有背离电极组件且相距第一表面最远的第三表面，沿壁部的厚度方向，第一连接部位于第一表面与第三表面之间。这样使得第一连接部在壁部的厚度方向介于第一表面和第三表面之间，使得外力很难直接作用到第一连接部，从而有效降低在电池单体生产过程和使用过程中外力对薄弱部的影响。
在一些实施例中，第一区域还包括边缘部，边缘部连接于第二加强部，并位于第二加强部的外周侧；沿壁部的厚度方向，边缘部背离电极组件的表面为第三表面。边缘部对第一连接部起到保护作用，使得外力很难直接作用到第一连接部。
在一些实施例中，沿壁部的厚度方向，第三表面与第一表面之间的距离为H，第一加强部凸出壁部的高度为h 1，第二加强部凸出壁部的高度为h 2，满足：0.1≤h 1/H≤0.9；和/或，0.1≤h 2/H≤0.9。
在一些实施例中，沿壁部的厚度方向，第一区域背离电极组件的一侧与第二加强部相对应的位置设置有第二凹部。第二凹部的设置使得第二加强部具有很好的缓冲能力，在壁部位于第二加强部的外周侧的区域受到外力时，第二加强部起到很好的缓冲作用，阻止外力向薄弱部传递，进一步减小薄弱部的变形。
在一些实施例中，第二加强部焊接于电极组件，以实现壁部与电极组件电连接；或，电池单体还包括集流构件，沿壁部的厚度方向，集流构件设置于壁部与电极组件之间，集流构件连接于电极组件，第二加强部焊接于集流构件，以实现壁部与电极组件电连接。无论是第二加强部焊接于电极组件，还是第二加强部焊接于集流构件，均可以提高壁部与电极组件电连接的稳定性。
在一些实施例中，沿壁部的径向，第二加强部的宽度为a 2，壁部的半径为R，第二加强部的外边缘到壁部的外边缘的距离为L 1，第一加强部与第二加强部之间的间距为L 2，满足：0.05≤a 2/R≤0.8；和/或，0.02≤L 1/R≤0.8；和/或，0.05≤L 2/R≤0.8。
在一些实施例中，沿壁部的厚度方向，第一连接部局部凸出形成第三加强部，第三加强部沿壁部的周向延伸，薄弱部形成于第三加强部。第三加强部能够增强第一连接部的强度，进一步降低壁部受力变形而对薄弱部的影响。
在一些实施例中，第三加强部沿壁部的径向的宽度为a 3，壁部的半径为R，满足：0.05≤a 3/R≤0.8。
在一些实施例中，第一区域设置有刻痕，第一区域在设置刻痕的位置形成薄弱部。通过在第一区域设置刻痕的方式对应形成薄弱部，使得薄弱部的厚度相较于其他区域的厚度更薄，更容易破裂，薄弱部的成型方式简单。
在一些实施例中，刻痕围绕第一加强部设置；刻痕为首尾两端存在距离的非封闭结构；或，刻痕为首尾两端相连的封闭结构。这样，在电池单体泄压时，壁部在刻痕限定出的区域能够打 开，使得电池单体具有较大的泄压面积，提高了泄压效率。
在一些实施例中，外壳包括壳体及端盖；壳体的一端形成开口，壳体具有与开口相对的底壁；端盖连接于壳体，并封闭开口；其中，底壁和端盖中的一者为壁部。可以壳体的底壁作为壁部，使得壳体的底壁具有泄压能力；也可以是外壳的端盖作为壁部，使得端盖具有泄压能力。
在一些实施例中，电池单体还包括电极端子，沿壁部的厚度方向，电极端子设置于外壳与壁部相对的一端，电极端子与电极组件电连接。通过电极端子能够方便地输出电池单体的电能。
在一些实施例中，沿壁部的厚度方向，电极端子具有背离电极组件的第一外表面，电极端子设置有从第一外表面沿靠近电极组件的方向凹陷的凹槽，电极端子在设置凹槽的位置形成第二连接部，第二连接部连接于电极组件。电极端子上的凹槽的设置，减轻了电极端子的重量，降低生产成本。此外，电极端子设置凹槽后，电极端子的第二连接部较薄，能够实现对电极端子的外部焊接，提高电极端子与电极组件电连接的稳定性。
在一些实施例中，电池单体还包括封堵件，封堵件连接于电极端子，并封堵凹槽；沿壁部的厚度方向，封堵件具有背离电极组件的第二外表面，第二外表面与第一外表面平齐。封堵件的第二外表面与电极端子的第一外表面能够共同形成平整界面，有利于实现与其他部件焊接，实现大面积过流。
第二方面，本申请实施例提供一种电池，包括箱体及第一方面任意一个实施例提供的电池单体，电池单体容纳于箱体内。
第三方面，本申请实施例还提供一种用电设备，包括第二方面任意一个实施例提供电池。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，应当理解，以下附图仅示出了本申请的某些实施例，因此不应被看作是对范围的限定，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他相关的附图。
图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆的结构示意图；
图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池的爆炸图；
图3为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的爆炸图；
图4为图3所示的电池单体的剖视图；
图5为图4所示的电池单体的局部放大图；
图6为图5所示的壁部的结构示意图；
图7为本申请另一些实施例提供的壁部的结构示意图；
图8为图6所示的壁部的俯视图；
图9为本申请另一些实施例提供的电池单体的剖视图；
图10为图9所示的电池单体的A处的局部放大图。
图标：1-外壳；11-壳体；111-底壁；12-端盖；13-壁部；131-第一加强部；1311-第二表面；132-第一区域；1321-薄弱部；1322-第一连接部；1323-边缘部；1324-第三表面；1325-第三加强部；1326-第三凹部；1327-刻痕；133-第二区域；1331-注液孔；134-第一凹部；135-第二加强部；1351-第一表面；136-第二凹部；2-电极组件；21-极耳；21a-正极耳；21b-负极耳；3-电极端子；31-第一外表面；32-凹槽；321-第一槽；322-第二槽；33-第二连接部；34-第一内表面；4-集流构件；5-封堵件；51-第二外表面；10-电池单体；20-箱体；201-第一部分；202-第二部分；100-电池；200-控制器；300-马达；1000-车辆；Z-厚度方向。
具体实施方式
为了为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
除非另有定义，本申请所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本申请中在申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。本申请的说明书和权利要求书或上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别不同对象，而不是用于描述特定顺序或主次关系。
在本申请中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“附接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
本申请中术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本申请中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请的实施例中，相同的附图标记表示相同的部件，并且为了简洁，在不同实施例中，省略对相同部件的详细说明。应理解，附图示出的本申请实施例中的各种部件的厚度、长宽等尺寸，以及集成装置的整体厚度、长宽等尺寸仅为示例性说明，而不应对本申请构成任何限定。
本申请中出现的“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)。
本申请中，电池单体可以包括锂离子二次电池、锂离子一次电池、锂硫电池、钠锂离子电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。电池单体可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等，本申请实施例对此也不限定。电池单体一般按封装的方式分成三种：柱形电池单体、方形电池单体和软包电池单体，本申请实施例对此也不限定。
本申请的实施例所提到的电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。例如，本申请中所提到的电池可以包括电池模块或电池包等。电池一般包括用于封装一个或多个电池单体的箱体。箱体可以避免液体或其他异物影响电池单体的充电或放电。
电池单体包括电极组件和电解液，电极组件由正极片、负极片和隔离膜组成。电池单体主要依靠金属离子在正极片和负极片之间移动来工作。正极片包括正极集流体和正极活性物质层，正极活性物质层涂覆于正极集流体的表面，未涂敷正极活性物质层的正极集流体凸出于已涂覆正极活性物质层的正极集流体，未涂敷正极活性物质层的正极集流体作为正极耳。以锂离子电池为例，正极集流体的材料可以为铝，正极活性物质可以为钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂、三元锂或锰酸锂等。负极片包括负极集流体和负极活性物质层，负极活性物质层涂覆于负极集流体的表面，未涂敷负极活性物质层的负极集流体凸出于已涂覆负极活性物质层的负极集流体，未涂敷负极活性物质层的负极集流体作为负极耳。负极集流体的材料可以为铜，负极活性物质可以为碳或硅等。为了保证通过大电流而不发生熔断，正极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起，负极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起。隔离膜的材质可以为PP(polypropylene，聚丙烯)或PE(polyethylene，聚乙烯)等。此外，电极组件可以是卷绕式结构，也可以是叠片式结构，本申请实施例并不限于此。
电池技术的发展要同时考虑多方面的设计因素，例如，能量密度、循环寿命、放电容量、充放电倍率等性能参数，另外，还需要考虑电池的安全性。
在电池单体中，为提高电池单体的安全性，可以在电池单体中设置泄压机构，在电池单体内部的压力达到起爆压力时，通过泄压机构泄放电池单体内部的压力。
为降低泄压机构的制造成本，可以使外壳的壁部局部形成薄弱部，从而形成泄压机构，在电池单体内部的压力达到起爆压力时，薄弱部裂开，以达到泄压的目的。
发明人注意到，对于通过壁部的薄弱部来形成泄压机构的电池单体而言，容易出现薄弱部在电池单体内部的压力未达到起爆压力异常裂开的情况，使得电池单体的使用寿命降低。
发明人进一步研究发现，在电池单体正常使用过程中，壁部受到外力容易变形，导致薄弱部变形，造成薄弱部的强度降低，出现薄弱部异常裂开的情况。比如，壁部受到电池单体外部的其他部件作用力，导致壁部的中心区域向电池单体的内部变形，从而导致薄弱部的强度降低。再如，电池单体内部的压力随着温度升高而增大，壁部受到电池单体内部的气体的作用力，导致壁部的中心区域向电池单体的外部变形，从而导致薄弱部的强度降低。最终影响电池单体的使用寿命。
鉴于此，本申请实施例提供一种电池单体，通过在外壳的壁部上凸设第一加强部，第一加强部沿壁部的周向延伸，使得壁部在位于第一加强部的外周侧形成第一区域，薄弱部形成于第一区域。
在这样的电池单体中，壁部凸设有第一加强部，第一加强部对壁部起到加强作用，增强了薄弱部强度。由于薄弱部形成在位于第一加强部的外周侧的第一区域，在壁部受到外力而导致位于第一加强部的内周侧的部分发生变形时，第一加强部能够降低外力对薄弱部的影响，减小薄弱部的变形，保证电池单体的正常起爆压力，提高了电池单体的使用寿命。
本申请实施例描述的技术方案适用于电池以及使用电池的用电设备。
用电设备可以是车辆、手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、轮船、航天器、电动玩具和电动工具等等。车辆可以是燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等；航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等；电动玩具包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等；电动工具包括金属切削电动工具、研磨电动工具、装配电动工具和铁道用电动工具，例如，电钻、电动砂轮机、电动扳手、电动螺丝刀、电锤、冲击电钻、混凝土振动器和电刨等等。本申请实施例对上述用电设备不做特殊限制。
以下实施例为了方便说明，以用电设备为车辆为例进行说明。
请参照图1，图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆1000的结构示意图。车辆1000的内部设置有电池100，电池100可以设置在车辆1000的底部或头部或尾部。电池100可以用于车辆1000的供电，例如，电池100可以作为车辆1000的操作电源。
车辆1000还可以包括控制器200和马达300，控制器200用来控制电池100为马达300供电，例如，用于车辆1000的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在本申请一些实施例中，电池100不仅仅可以作为车辆1000的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1000的驱动电源，代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气为车辆1000提供驱动动力。
请参照图2，图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池100的爆炸图。电池100包括电池单体10和箱体20，电池单体10容纳于箱体20内。
其中，箱体20是容纳电池单体10的部件，箱体20为电池单体10提供容纳空间，箱体20可以采用多种结构。在一些实施例中，箱体20可以包括第一部分201和第二部分202，第一部分201与第二部分202相互盖合，以限定出用于容纳电池单体10的容纳空间。第一部分201和第二部分202可以是多种形状，比如，长方体、圆柱体等。第一部分201可以是一侧开放的空心结构，第二部分202也可以是一侧开放的空心结构，第二部分202的开放侧盖合于第一部分201的开放侧，则形成具有容纳空间的箱体20。也可以是第一部分201为一侧开放的空心结构，第二部分202为板状结构，第二部分202盖合于第一部分201的开放侧，则形成具有容纳空间的箱体20。第一部分201与第二部分202可以通过密封元件来实现密封，密封元件可以是密封圈、密封胶等。
在电池100中，电池单体10可以是一个、也可以是多个。若电池单体10为多个，多个电池单体10之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体10中既有串联又有并联。可以是多个电池单体10先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块，多个电池模块再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体20内。也可以是所有电池单体10之间直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将所有电池单体10构成的整体容纳于箱体20内。
在一些实施例中，电池100还可以包括汇流部件，多个电池单体10之间可通过汇流部件实现电连接，以实现多个电池单体10的串联或并联或混联。汇流部件可以是金属导体，比如，铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金等。
请参照图3和图4，图3为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体10的爆炸图，图4为图3所示的电池单体10的剖视图。电池单体10可以包括外壳1和电极组件2。
外壳1是用于容纳电极组件2的部件。外壳1可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。外壳1可以包括壳体11和端盖12。
壳体11可以是一端形成开口的空心结构。壳体11的材质可以是多种，比如，铜、铁、铝、钢、铝合金等。
端盖12是封闭壳体11的开口以将电池单体10的内部环境与外部环境隔绝的部件。端盖12与壳体11共同限定出用于容纳电极组件2、电解液以及其他部件的密封空间。端盖12可以通过焊接或卷封的方式连接于壳体11，以封闭壳体11的开口。端盖12的形状可以与外壳1的形状相适配，比如，壳体11为长方体结构，端盖12为与外壳1相适配的矩形板状结构，再如，壳体11为圆柱体，端盖12为与壳体11相适配的圆形板状结构。端盖12的材质也可以是多种，比如，铜、铁、铝、钢、铝合金等。
电极组件2是电池单体10中发生电化学反应的部件。电极组件2可以包括正极片、负极片和隔离膜。电极组件2可以是由正极片、隔离膜和负极片通过卷绕形成的卷绕式结构，也可以是由正极片、隔离膜和负极片通过层叠布置形成的叠片式结构。电极组件2具有极耳21，极耳21分为正极耳21a和负极耳21b，正极耳21a可以是正极片上未涂覆正极活性物质层的部分，负极耳21b可以是负极片上未涂覆负极活性物质层的部分。
电池单体10还可以包括电极端子3，电极端子3用于与电极组件2的极耳21电连接，以输出电池单体10的电能。电极端子3可以设置于端盖12上，也可以设置于外壳1上。电极端子3与极耳21可以直接连接，比如，电极端子3与极耳21直接焊接。电极端子3与极耳21也可以间接连接，比如，电极端子3与极耳21通过集流构件4间接连接。集流构件4可以是金属导体，比如，铜、铁、铝、钢、铝合金等。
如图3和图4所示，以电极端子3设置于外壳1与端盖12相对的一端为例，正极耳21a通过一个集流构件4与电极端子3电连接，负极耳21b通过另一个集流构件4与壳体11电连接。
请参照图5，图5为图4所示的电池单体10的局部放大图。本申请实施例提供一种电池单体10，包括外壳1及电极组件2。外壳1容纳电极组件2，外壳1具有壁部13，沿壁部13的厚度方向Z，壁部13与电极组件2相对设置。其中，壁部13凸设有第一加强部131，第一加强部131沿壁部13的周向延伸，壁部13包括位于第一加强部131的外周侧的第一区域132，第一区域132形成有薄弱部1321，薄弱部1321被配置为在电池单体10泄放压力时裂开。
壁部13可以是外壳1的端盖12，也可以是壳体11与端盖12相对设置的壁。壁部13可以是圆形，也可以是矩形。若外壳1为圆柱体，则壁部13为圆形；若外壳1为长方体，则壁部13为矩形。以外壳1为圆柱体为例，外壳1的轴向即为壁部13的厚度方向Z。
壁部13可以作为电池单体10的电能输出部件，壁部13与电极组件2电连接，以输出电池单体10的电能。示例性的，图4和图5中，壁部13为端盖12，端盖12与电极组件2的极耳21通过集流构件4电连接。
壁部13凸设有第一加强部131，即第一加强部131设置于壁部13，并凸出于壁部13。沿壁部13的厚度方向Z，第一加强部131可以凸设于壁部13面向电极组件2的一侧，使得第一加强 部131面向电池单体10的内部，第一加强部131也可以凸设于壁部13背离电极组件2的一侧，使得第一加强部131面向电池单体10的外部。
第一加强部131可以是环形结构，比如，圆环、方形环等。以壁部13为圆形为例，第一加强部131沿壁部13的周向延伸可以形成圆环结构。
第一区域132为壁部13位于第一加强部131的外周侧的部分。第一加强部131的外周侧即为第一加强部131在垂直于壁部13的厚度方向Z上的外侧，以壁部13为圆形为例，第一加强部131的外周侧即为第一加强部131在壁部13的径向上的外侧，第一区域132即为壁部13环绕于第一加强部131的外侧的环形部分。
薄弱部1321为壁部13更为薄弱的部分，在壁部13中，薄弱部1321相较于其他区域更容易破裂。在电池单体10内部的压力达到起爆压力需要泄压时，薄弱部1321能够裂开，以使电池单体10内部的排放物能够排出，以达到泄放电池单体10内部的压力的目的。
在本申请实施例中，壁部13凸设有第一加强部131，第一加强部131对壁部13起到加强作用，增强了薄弱部1321强度。由于薄弱部1321形成在位于第一加强部131的外周侧的第一区域132，在壁部13受到外力而导致位于第一加强部131的内周侧的部分发生变形时，第一加强部131能够降低外力对薄弱部1321的影响，减小薄弱部1321的变形，保证电池单体10的正常起爆压力，提高了电池单体10的使用寿命。
在一些实施例中，请继续参照图5，壁部13还包括位于第一加强部131的内周侧的第二区域133，第二区域133设置有注液孔1331。注液孔1331设置于壁部13的第二区域133，方便向电池单体10内部注入电解液。
第二区域133为壁部13位于第一加强部131的内周侧的部分。第一加强部131将壁部13分隔为两个区域，一个区域为位于第一加强部131的外周侧的第一区域132，另一个区域为位于第一加强部131的内周侧的第二区域133，第二区域133为壁部13的中心区域。第一加强部131的内周侧即为第一加强部131在垂直于壁部13的厚度方向Z上的内侧，以壁部13为圆形为例，第一加强部131的内周侧即为第一加强部131在壁部13的径向上的内侧，第二区域133即为壁部13位于第一加强部131的内侧的部分。
注液孔1331为设置于第二区域133上供电解液进入到电池单体10内部的通道。注液孔1331可以设置在第二区域133的中心位置，也可以偏离于第二区域133的中心位置。在通过注液孔1331向电池单体10内部注入电解液后，可以通过密封钉将注液孔1331封堵。
在通过注液孔1331向电池单体10内部注入电解液时，第二区域133受到注液装置(如，注液针)施加的挤压力容易向电池单体10的内部变形，第一加强部131能够降低第二区域133变形而对薄弱部1321的影响，从而减小薄弱部1321的变形，降低通过注液孔1331向电池单体10内部注入电解液的过程中导致薄弱部1321变形，而造成薄弱部1321在未达到起爆压力就裂开的风险。
在一些实施例中，注液孔1331与第一加强部131同轴设置。
可理解的，注液孔1331设置于第二区域133的中心位置。注液孔1331的设置使得第二区域133为环绕于第一加强部131的内侧的环形结构。
以注液孔1331为圆形孔，第一加强部131为圆环形为例，注液孔1331的中心线与第一加强部131中轴线重合。注液孔1331的直径可以为0.05～10mm。
在本实施例中，注液孔1331与第一加强部131同轴设置，在通过注液孔1331向电池单体10内部注入电解液时，第二区域133受力向电池单体10内部变形，第一加强部131受力均匀，降低因第一加强部131局部受力过大而造成薄弱部1321发生变形的风险，能够进一步减小薄弱部1321的变形。
在一些实施例中，请继续参照图5，沿壁部13的厚度方向Z，第一加强部131凸设于壁部13面向电极组件2的一侧。这样，第一加强部131面向电池单体10的内部，降低第一加强部131 占用过多的外部空间，减小电池单体10的体积。
在一些实施例中，请继续参照图5，沿壁部13的厚度方向Z，第一加强部131抵接于电极组件2。
需要说明的是，第一加强部131可以直接抵接于电极组件2，比如，第一加强部131直接抵接于电极组件2的极耳21；第一加强部131也可以间接抵接于电极组件2，比如，如图5所示，第一加强部131通过集流构件4间接抵靠于电极组件2的极耳21。
在壁部13受到外力而导致位于第一加强部131的内周侧的部分向电池单体10内部发生变形时，由于第一加强部131抵接于电极组件2，电极组件2对第一加强部131起到限制作用，减小薄弱部1321变形的风险。
在一些实施例中，请继续参照图5，沿壁部13的厚度方向Z，壁部13背离电极组件2的一侧与第一加强部131相对应的位置设置有第一凹部134。
第一凹部134的形状与第一加强部131的形状相同，比如，第一加强部131为圆环形，则第一凹部134也为圆环形。第一凹部134可以冲压成型。在冲压成型第一凹部134后，在壁部13面向电极组件2的一侧则可对应形成第一加强部131。
在本实施例中，第一凹部134的设置使得第一加强部131具有很好的缓冲能力，在壁部13受到外力而导致位于第一加强部131的内周侧的部分发生变形时，第一加强部131起到很好的缓冲作用，阻止外力向薄弱部1321传递，进一步减小薄弱部1321的变形。
在一些实施例中，请参照图6，图6为图5所示的壁部13的结构示意图。第一加强部131沿壁部13的径向的宽度为a 1，第一加强部131的内径为r 1，壁部13的半径为R，满足：0.05≤a 1/R≤0.8；和/或，0.05≤r 1/R≤0.8。
在本实施例中，壁部13为圆形，第一加强部131为圆环形。第一加强部131的外径与内径之差的一半即为第一加强部131沿壁部13的径向的宽度。
a 1/R可以是0.05～0.8之间的任意值，比如，0.05、0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、0.6、0.7、0.8等。r 1/R也可以是0.05～0.8之间的任意值，比如，0.05、0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、0.6、0.7、0.8等。
在一些实施例中，请继续参照图5和图6，第一区域132凸设有第二加强部135，第二加强部135沿壁部13的周向延伸。第一区域132包括第一连接部1322，第一连接部1322连接第一加强部131和第二加强部135，第一连接部1322位于第一加强部131的外周侧，第二加强部135位于第一连接部1322的外周侧。其中，薄弱部1321形成于第一连接部1322。
第二加强部135设置于第一区域132，并凸出于第一区域132。沿壁部13的厚度方向Z，第二加强部135可以凸设于第一区域132面向电极组件2的一侧，使得第二加强部135面向电池单体10的内部，第二加强部135也可以凸设于壁部13背离电极组件2的一侧，使得第二加强部135面向电池单体10的外部。
第二加强部135环绕于第一加强部131的外侧，第二加强部135可以是环形结构，比如，圆环，方形环等，第二加强部135与第一加强部131同轴设置。示例性的，如图5和图6所示，壁部13为圆形，第二加强部135和第一加强部131均为圆环形。第二加强部135与第一加强部131同轴设置。
第一连接部1322为第一区域132沿垂直于壁部13的厚度方向Z连接于第一加强部131和第二加强部135部分。第一连接部1322与第二区域133通过第一加强部131相连。以第一加强部131和第二加强部135均为圆环形为例，第一连接部1322为连接于第一加强部131和第二加强部135之间的环形结构。
示例性的，如图5和图6所示，第一连接部1322和第二区域133均为平板结构，沿壁部13的厚度方向Z，第一连接部1322与第二区域133基本平齐。
在本实施例中，薄弱部1321形成于连接在第一加强部131和第二加强部135之间的第一连接部1322，第二加强部135也可以增强薄弱部1321的强度。
在一些实施例中，请继续参照图5和图6，第二加强部135凸设于第一区域132面向电极组件2的一侧，沿壁部13的厚度方向Z，第二加强部135具有面向电极组件2的第一表面1351，第一表面1351抵接于电极组件2，以实现壁部13与电极组件2电连接。
第一表面1351为第二加强部135沿壁部13的厚度方向Z面向电极组件2的端面。第一表面1351可以直接抵接于电极组件2，比如，第一表面1351直接抵接于电极组件2的极耳21，以实现壁部13与电极组件2电连接；第一表面1351也可以间接抵接于电极组件2，比如，如图5所示，第一表面1351直接抵接于集流构件4，集流构件4直接抵接于电极组件2的极耳21，以实现壁部13与电极组件2电连接。
第二加强部135的第一表面1351抵接于与电极组件2，一方面实现了壁部13与电极组件2的电连接，以便于通过壁部13输出电池单体10的电能；另一方面，第二加强部135对电极组件2起到支撑作用，提高电极组件2在外壳1内部的稳定性。
在一些实施例中，请继续参照图5和图6，沿壁部13指向电极组件2的方向，第一加强部131不超出于第一表面1351。
壁部13指向电极组件2的方向即为壁部13沿厚度方向Z面向电极组件2的方向。
在本实施例中，第一加强部131不超出于第一表面1351，保证第一表面1351能够有效地抵接于电极组件2。
在一些实施例中，沿壁部13的厚度方向Z，第一加强部131具有面向电极组件2的第二表面1311，第二表面1311与第一表面1351平齐。
第二表面1311为第一加强部131沿壁部13的厚度方向Z面向电极组件2的端面。第二表面1311与第一表面1351平齐，使得第二表面1311和第一表面1351位于同一平面内，第二表面1311和第一表面1351均能够抵接于电极组件2。一方面增大了过流面积，以第二表面1311和第一表面1351均直接抵接于集流构件4，集流构件4直接抵接于电极组件2的极耳21为例，第二表面1311和第一表面1351均与集流构件4接触，增大了集流构件4与壁部13之间的过流面积。另一方面，能够实现第一加强部131抵接于电极组件2，减小壁部13位于第一加强部131的内周侧的部分受力而对薄弱部1321的影响。
在其他实施例中，沿壁部13的厚度方向Z，也可以是第二表面1311较第一表面1351更远离于电极组件2。
在一些实施例中，请继续参照图5和图6，沿壁部13的厚度方向Z，壁部13具有背离电极组件2且相距第一表面1351最远的第三表面1324，沿壁部13的厚度方向Z，第一连接部1322位于第一表面1351与第三表面1324之间。
第三表面1324可以形成于第一区域132，也可以形成于第二区域133。
在本实施例中，第一连接部1322在壁部13的厚度方向Z介于第一表面1351和第三表面1324之间，使得外力很难直接作用到第一连接部1322，从而有效降低在电池单体10生产过程和使用过程中外力对薄弱部1321的影响。比如，外壳1放置于物体上时，壁部13的第三表面1324与物体接触，第一连接部1322处于悬空状态，并不会直接与物体接触受力，达到保护薄弱部1321的目的。
在一些实施例中，请继续参照图5和图6，第一区域132还包括边缘部1323，边缘部1323连接于第二加强部135，并位于第二加强部135的外周侧，沿壁部13的厚度方向Z，边缘部1323背离电极组件2的表面为第三表面1324。
边缘部1323可以是环绕第二加强部135设置的圆环结构，边缘部1323的外径即为壁部13的直径。以壁部13为外壳1的端盖12为例，边缘部1323可以与外壳1的壳体11连接，比如，焊接，以使端盖12封堵壳体11的开口。
边缘部1323对第一连接部1322起到保护作用，外壳1放置于物体上时，边缘部1323与物体接触，第一连接部1322处于悬空状态，并不会直接与物体接触受力，使得外力很难直接作用到第一连接部1322。
在一些实施例中，请继续参照图6，沿壁部13的厚度方向Z，第三表面1324与第一表面1351之间的距离为H，第一加强部131凸出壁部13的高度为h 1，第二加强部135凸出壁部13的高度为h 2，满足：0.1≤h 1/H≤0.9；和/或，0.1≤h 2/H≤0.9。
h 1/H可以是0.1～0.9之间的任意值，比如，0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、0.6、0.7、0.8、0.9。h 2/H也可以是0.1～0.9之间的任意值，比如，0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、0.6、0.7、0.8、0.9。
h 1与h 2可以相等，也可以不等。在第一表面1351与第二表面1311平齐的实施例中，h 1＝h 2。
在一些实施例中，请继续参照图5和图6，沿壁部13的厚度方向Z，第一区域132背离电极组件2的一侧与第二加强部135相对应的位置设置有第二凹部136。
第二凹部136的形状与第二加强部135的形状相同，比如，第二加强部135为圆环形，则第二凹部136也为圆环形。第二凹部136可以冲压成型。在冲压成型第二凹部136后，在第一区域132面向电极组件2的一侧则可对应形成第二加强部135。
第二凹部136的设置使得第二加强部135具有很好的缓冲能力，在壁部13位于第二加强部135的外周侧的区域受到外力时，第二加强部135起到很好的缓冲作用，阻止外力向薄弱部1321传递，进一步减小薄弱部1321的变形。比如，以壁部13作为外壳1的端盖12为例，在将壁部13与壳体11装配时，壁部13的边缘部1323会受到壳体11施加的作用力，在此过程中，第二加强部135的缓冲作用则可减小薄弱部1321的变形。
在一些实施例中，第二加强部135焊接于电极组件2，以实现壁部13与电极组件2电连接。
具体地，第二加强部135的第一表面1351直接抵接于电极组件2的极耳21，第二加强部135焊接于电极组件2的极耳21。
在本实施例中，第二加强部135焊接于电极组件2能够有效提高壁部13与电极组件2电连接的稳定性。
在第一区域132设置有第二凹部136的实施例中，第二凹部136可以视为焊接槽，第二凹部136的设置可以减小第二加强部135的厚度，能够增强第二加强部135与极耳21焊接的牢固性。
在第二区域133设置有注液孔1331的实施例中，由于注液孔1331设置于第二区域133，第二凸部设置于第一区域132，注液孔1331与第二凸部相距较远，在通过注液孔1331向电池单体10内部注入电解液后，残留在注液孔1331附近的电解液很难流动至第二凹部136内，不易影响第二加强部135与极耳21焊接的牢固性。在壁部13设置有第一凹部134的实施例中，第一凹部134能够阻隔电解液向第二凹槽32内流动，进一步降低残留在注液孔1331附近的电解液流动至第二凹部136而影响第二加强部135与极耳21焊接的牢固性的风险。
在另一些实施例中，请继续参照图5，电池单体10还包括集流构件4，沿壁部13的厚度方向Z，集流构件4设置于壁部13与电极组件2之间，集流构件4连接于电极组件2，第二加强部135焊接于集流构件4，以实现壁部13与电极组件2电连接。
集流构件4的形状可以与壁部13的形状相同，比如，壁部13和集流构件4均为圆形。
具体地，集流构件4设置于电极组件2的极耳21与壁部13之间，集流构件4连接于极耳21。示例性的，集流构件4焊接于极耳21。
在本实施例中，第二加强部135焊接于集流构件4，提高壁部13与电极组件2电连接的 稳定性。
在第一区域132设置有第二凹部136的实施例中，第二凹部136的设置可以减小第二加强部135的厚度，能够增强第二加强部135与集流构件4焊接的牢固性。
在第二区域133设置有注液孔1331的实施例中，由于注液孔1331设置于第二区域133，第二凸部设置于第一区域132，注液孔1331与第二凸部相距较远，在通过注液孔1331向电池单体10内部注入电解液后，残留在注液孔1331附近的电解液很难流动至第二凹部136内，不易影响第二加强部135与集流构件4焊接的牢固性。在壁部13设置有第一凹部134的实施例中，第一凹部134能够阻隔电解液向第二凹槽32内流动，进一步降低残留在注液孔1331附近的电解液流动至第二凹部136而影响第二加强部135与集流构件4焊接的牢固性的风险。
在一些实施例中，沿壁部13的径向，第二加强部135宽度为a 2，壁部13的半径为R，第二加强部135的外边缘到壁部13的外边缘的距离为L 1，第一加强部131与第二加强部135之间的间距为L 2，满足：0.05≤a 2/R≤0.8；和/或，0.02≤L 1/R≤0.8；和/或，0.05≤L 2/R≤0.8。
在本实施例中，壁部13为圆形，第二加强部135为圆环形。第二加强部135的外径与内径之差的一半即为第二加强部135沿壁部13的径向的宽度。第一加强部131的外边缘与第二加强部135的内边缘之间的距离即为第一加强部131与第二加强部135之间的间距。在第一区域132包括边缘部1323的实施例中，边缘部1323的外边缘即为壁部13的外边缘。
a 2/R可以是0.05～0.8之间的任意值，比如，0.05、0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、0.6、0.7、0.8等。L 1/R可以是0.02～0.8之间的任意值，比如，0.02、0.05、0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、0.6、0.7、0.8等。L 2/R可以是0.05～0.8之间的任意值，比如，0.05、0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、0.6、0.7、0.8等。
在一些实施例中，请参照图7，图7为本申请另一些实施例提供的壁部13的结构示意图，沿壁部13的厚度方向Z，第一连接部1322局部凸出形成第三加强部1325，第三加强部1325沿壁部13的周向延伸，薄弱部1321形成于第三加强部1325。
第三加强部1325可以是环形结构，比如，圆环、方形环等，以壁部13为圆形为例，第三加强部1325沿壁部13的周向延伸可以形成圆环结构。第三加强部1325可以与第一加强部131同轴设置。第一连接部1322形成的第三加强部1325可以一个，也可以是多个。
第一连接部1322在对应第三加强部1325的位置形成有第三凹部1326，第三凹部1326的形状与第三加强部1325的形状相同。第三凹部1326可以冲压成型。沿壁部13的厚度方向Z，在第一连接部1322的一侧冲压成型第二凹部136后，在第一连接部1322的另一侧则可对应形成第三加强部1325。
沿壁部13的厚度方向Z，第一加强部131、第二加强部135和第三加强部1325可以位于壁部13的同一侧，也可以位于不同侧。示例性的，在图7中，第一加强部131、第二加强部135和第三加强部1325位于壁部13的同一侧，且均面向电极组件2(图7未示出)。
在第一连接部1322沿壁部13的厚度方向Z位于第一表面1351与第三表面1324之间的实施例中，由于第三加强部1325为第一连接部1322的一部分，使得第三加强部1325沿壁部13的厚度方向Z也位于第一表面1351与第三表面1324之间。
在本实施例中，第三加强部1325能够增强第一连接部1322的强度，进一步降低壁部13受力变形而对薄弱部1321的影响。
在其他实施例中，薄弱部1321也可以形成于第一连接部1322除第三加强部1325以外的其他区域。
在一些实施例中，请继续参照图7，第三加强部1325沿壁部13的径向的宽度为a 3，壁部13的半径为R，满足：0.05≤a 3/R≤0.8。
在本实施例中，壁部13为圆形，第三加强部1325为圆环形。第三加强部1325的外径与内径之差的一半即为第三加强部1325沿壁部13的径向的宽度。
a 3/R可以是0.05～0.8之间的任意值，比如，0.05、0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、0.6、0.7、0.8等。
在一些实施例中，请参照图6和图7，第一区域132设置有刻痕1327，第一区域132在设置刻痕1327的位置形成薄弱部1321。
在第一区域132设置刻痕1327后，第一区域132在刻痕1327位置剩余的部分即为薄弱部1321。薄弱部1321的形状与刻痕1327的形状相同。刻痕1327可以是多种形状，比如，矩形、圆形、椭圆形、环形、U形、C形、H形等。刻痕1327可以通过多种方式成型，比如，冲压成型、铣削加工成型等。
通过在第一区域132设置刻痕1327的方式对应形成薄弱部1321，使得薄弱部1321的厚度相较于其他区域的厚度更薄，更容易破裂，薄弱部1321的成型方式简单。
在一些实施例中，请参照图8，图8为图6所示的壁部13的俯视图。刻痕1327围绕第一加强部131设置，刻痕1327为首尾两端存在距离的非封闭结构。
示例性的，刻痕1327为C形。
在电池单体10泄压时，壁部13在刻痕1327限定出的区域能够以向外翻转打开，使得电池单体10具有较大的泄压面积，提高了泄压效率。
在另一些实施例中，刻痕1327围绕第一加强部131设置，刻痕1327为首尾两端相连的封闭结构。
示例性的，刻痕1327为圆环形。
在电池单体10泄压时，壁部13在刻痕1327限定出的区域能够以向外脱离打开，使得电池单体10具有较大的泄压面积，提高了泄压效率。
在一些实施例中，请参照图9，图9为本申请另一些实施例提供的电池单体10的剖视图。外壳1包括壳体11及端盖12，壳体11的一端形成开口，壳体11具有与开口相对的底壁111，端盖12连接于壳体11，并封闭开口。其中，底壁111和端盖12中的一者为壁部13。若壳体11的底壁111作为壁部13，壳体11的底壁111具有泄压能力；若外壳1的端盖12作为壁部13，端盖12具有泄压能力。
示例性的，在图9中，端盖12作为壁部13。
在一些实施例中，请继续参照图9，电池单体10还包括电极端子3，沿壁部13的厚度方向Z，电极端子3设置于外壳1与壁部13相对的一端，电极端子3与电极组件2电连接。
电极端子3与电极组件2可以直接连接，比如，电极端子3与电极组件2的极耳21焊接。如图9所示，电极端子3与电极组件2也可以通过集流构件4间接连接。
在壳体11的底壁111作为壁部13的实施例中，电极端子3设置于端盖12，电极端子3铆接于端盖12，并与端盖12保持绝缘。如图9所示，在端盖12作为壁部13的实施例中，电极端子3设置于壳体11的底壁111，电极端子3铆接于壳体11的底壁111，并与底壁111保持绝缘。
在本实施例中，通过电极端子3能够方便地输出电池单体10的电能。
在一些实施例中，请参照图10，图10为图9所示的电池单体10的A处的局部放大图。沿壁部13的厚度方向Z，电极端子3具有背离电极组件2的第一外表面31，电极端子3设置有从第一外表面31沿靠近电极组件2的方向凹陷的凹槽32，电极端子3在设置凹槽32的位置形成第二连接部33，第二连接部33连接于电极组件2。
第一外表面31为电极端子3沿壁部13的厚度方向Z背离电极组件2的一端的端面。沿壁部13的厚度方向Z，电极端子3还包括与第一外表面31相对的第一内表面34，电极端子3位于凹槽32的槽底面与第一内表面34之间的部分为第二连接部33。
示例性的，第二连接部33通过集流构件4与电极组件2的极耳21间接连接，第二连接部 33与集流构件4焊接，集流构件4与电极组件2的极耳21焊接。在壁部13的第二区域133设置有注液孔1331的实施例中，电极端子3中并设置注液孔1331，避免在电极端子3上设置注液孔1331，因注液孔1331附近的残留电解液而造成电极端子3出现虚焊的情况。
在本实施例中，电极端子3上的凹槽32的设置，减轻了电极端子3的重量，降低生产成本。此外，电极端子3设置凹槽32后，电极端子3的第二连接部33较薄，能够实现对电极端子3的外部焊接，提高电极端子3与电极组件2电连接的稳定性。
在一些实施例中，请继续参照图10，电池单体10还包括封堵件5，封堵件5连接于电极端子3，并封堵凹槽32。沿壁部13的厚度方向Z，封堵件5具有背离电极组件2的第二外表面51，第二外表面51与第一外表面31平齐。
封堵件5可以是金属材质，比如，铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金等。封堵件5与电极端子3可以焊接固定。
示例性的，凹槽32包括第一槽321和第二槽322，第一槽321和第二槽322沿凹槽32的深度方向排布，第一槽321从第一外表面31沿凹槽32的深度方向凹陷，第二槽322从第一槽321的槽底面沿凹槽32的深度方向凹陷，第二槽322的槽底面即为凹槽32的槽底面，封堵件5抵靠于第一槽321的槽底面，以封堵凹槽32。
封堵件5的第二外表面51与电极端子3的第一外表面31能够共同形成平整界面，有利于实现与其他部件(如，汇流部件)焊接，实现大面积过流。此外，第二外表面51与第一外表面31平齐，便于封堵件5与电极端子3对缝焊接。
本申请实施例提供一种电池100，包括箱体20及上述任意一个实施例提供的电池单体10，电池单体10容纳于箱体20内。
本申请实施例还提供一种用电设备，包括上述任意一个实施例提供电池100。
此外，如图4-图6所示，本申请实施例还提供一种圆柱电池100，包括外壳1、电极组件2、电极端子3及集流构件4，电极组件2容纳于外壳1内。外壳1包括壳体11和端盖12，壳体11具有开口，端盖12封闭壳体11的开口。端盖12凸设有第一加强部131，端盖12包括位于第一加强部131的外周侧的第一区域132及位于第一加强部131的内周侧的第二区域133。第一区域132凸设有第二加强部135，第一加强部131和第二加强部135均沿端盖12的周向延伸。第二区域133包括连接第一加强部131和第二加强部135的第一连接部1322，第一连接部1322位于第一加强部131的外周侧，第二加强部135位于第一连接部1322的外周侧。第一连接部1322形成有薄弱部1321，薄弱部1321被配置为在电池单体10泄放压力时裂开。第二区域133设置有注液孔1331。电极端子3设置于外壳1与端盖12相对的一端，电极组件2的正极耳21a通过一个集流构件4与电极端子3电连接，电极组件2的负极耳21b通过另一个集流构件4与第二加强部135电连接。
在这样的电池单体10中，在通过注液孔1331向电池单体10内部注入电解液时，第二区域133受到注液装置施加的挤压力容易向电池单体10的内部变形，第一加强部131能够降低第二区域133变形而对薄弱部1321的影响，从而减小薄弱部1321的变形，降低通过注液孔1331向电池单体10内部注入电解液的过程中导致薄弱部1321变形，而造成薄弱部1321在未达到起爆压力就裂开的风险，提高了电池单体10的使用寿命。
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
以上实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，并不用于限制本申请，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (27)

  1. 一种电池单体，包括：
    电极组件；
    外壳，容纳所述电极组件，所述外壳具有壁部，沿所述壁部的厚度方向，所述壁部与所述电极组件相对设置；
    其中，所述壁部凸设有第一加强部，所述第一加强部沿所述壁部的周向延伸，所述壁部包括位于所述第一加强部的外周侧的第一区域，所述第一区域形成有薄弱部，所述薄弱部被配置为在所述电池单体泄放压力时裂开。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池单体，其中，所述壁部还包括位于所述第一加强部的内周侧的第二区域，所述第二区域设置有注液孔。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池单体，其中，所述注液孔与所述第一加强部同轴设置。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的电池单体，其中，沿所述壁部的厚度方向，所述第一加强部凸设于所述壁部面向所述电极组件的一侧。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电池单体，其中，沿所述壁部的厚度方向，所述第一加强部抵接于所述电极组件。
  6. 根据权利要求4或5所述的电池单体，其中，沿所述壁部的厚度方向，所述壁部背离所述电极组件的一侧与所述第一加强部相对应的位置设置有第一凹部。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一加强部沿所述壁部的径向的宽度为a 1，所述第一加强部的内径为r 1，所述壁部的半径为R，满足：0.05≤a 1/R≤0.8；和/或，0.05≤r 1/R≤0.8。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一区域凸设有第二加强部，所述第二加强部沿壁部的周向延伸；
    所述第一区域包括第一连接部，所述第一连接部连接所述第一加强部和所述第二加强部，所述第一连接部位于所述第一加强部的外周侧，所述第二加强部位于所述第一连接部的外周侧；
    其中，所述薄弱部形成于所述第一连接部。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电池单体，其中，所述第二加强部凸设于所述第一区域面向所述电极组件的一侧，沿所述壁部的厚度方向，所述第二加强部具有面向所述电极组件的第一表面，所述第一表面抵接于所述电极组件，以实现所述壁部与所述电极组件电连接。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的电池单体，其中，沿所述壁部指向所述电极组件的方向，所述第一加强部不超出于所述第一表面。
  11. 根据权利要求9或10所述的电池单体，其中，沿所述壁部的厚度方向，所述第一加强部具有面向所述电极组件的第二表面，所述第二表面与所述第一表面平齐。
  12. 根据权利要求9-11任一项所述的电池单体，其中，沿所述壁部的厚度方向，所述壁部具有背离所述电极组件且相距所述第一表面最远的第三表面，沿所述壁部的厚度方向，所述第一连接部位于所述第一表面与所述第三表面之间。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一区域还包括边缘部，所述边缘部连接于所述第二加强部，并位于所述第二加强部的外周侧；
    沿所述壁部的厚度方向，所述边缘部背离所述电极组件的表面为所述第三表面。
  14. 根据权利要求12或13所述的电池单体，其中，沿所述壁部的厚度方向，所述第三表面与所述第一表面之间的距离为H，所述第一加强部凸出所述壁部的高度为h 1，所述第二加强部凸出所述壁部的高度为h 2，满足：0.1≤h 1/H≤0.9；和/或，0.1≤h 2/H≤0.9。
  15. 根据权利要求9-14任一项所述的电池单体，其中，沿所述壁部的厚度方向，所述第一区域背离所述电极组件的一侧与所述第二加强部相对应的位置设置有第二凹部。
  16. 根据权利要求9-15任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述第二加强部焊接于所述电极组件，以实现所述壁部与所述电极组件电连接；或
    所述电池单体还包括集流构件，沿所述壁部的厚度方向，所述集流构件设置于所述壁部与所述电极组件之间，所述集流构件连接于所述电极组件，所述第二加强部焊接于所述集流构件，以实现所述壁部与所述电极组件电连接。
  17. 根据权利要求8-16任一项所述的电池单体，其中，沿所述壁部的径向，所述第二加强部的宽度为a 2，所述壁部的半径为R，所述第二加强部的外边缘到所述壁部的外边缘的距离为L 1，所述第一加强部与所述第二加强部之间的间距为L 2，满足：0.05≤a 2/R≤0.8；和/或，0.02≤L 1/R≤0.8；和/或，0.05≤L 2/R≤0.8。
  18. 根据权利要求8-17任一项所述的电池单体，其中，沿所述壁部的厚度方向，所述第一连接部局部凸出形成第三加强部，所述第三加强部沿所述壁部的周向延伸，所述薄弱部形成于所述第三加强部。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的电池单体，其中，所述第三加强部沿所述壁部的径向的宽度为a 3，所述壁部的半径为R，满足：0.05≤a 3/R≤0.8。
  20. 根据权利要求1-19任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一区域设置有刻痕，所述第一区域在设置所述刻痕的位置形成所述薄弱部。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的电池单体，其中，所述刻痕围绕所述第一加强部设置；
    所述刻痕为首尾两端存在距离的非封闭结构；或
    所述刻痕为首尾两端相连的封闭结构。
  22. 根据权利要求1-21任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述外壳包括：
    壳体，一端形成开口，所述壳体具有与所述开口相对的底壁；
    端盖，连接于所述壳体，并封闭所述开口；
    其中，所述底壁和所述端盖中的一者为所述壁部。
  23. 根据权利要求1-22任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述电池单体还包括电极端子，沿所述壁部的厚度方向，所述电极端子设置于所述外壳与所述壁部相对的一端，所述电极端子与所述电极组件电连接。
  24. 根据权利要求23所述的电池单体，其中，沿所述壁部的厚度方向，所述电极端子具有背离所述电极组件的第一外表面，所述电极端子设置有从所述第一外表面沿靠近所述电极组件的方向凹陷的凹槽，所述电极端子在设置所述凹槽的位置形成第二连接部，所述第二连接部连接于所述电极组件。
  25. 根据权利要求24所述的电池单体，其中，所述电池单体还包括封堵件，所述封堵件连接于所述电极端子，并封堵所述凹槽；沿所述壁部的厚度方向，所述封堵件具有背离所述电极组件的第二外表面，所述第二外表面与所述第一外表面平齐。
  26. 一种电池，包括：
    箱体；
    如权利要求1-25任一项所述的电池单体，所述电池单体容纳于所述箱体内。
  27. 一种用电设备，包括如权利要求26所述的电池。
PCT/CN2022/100173 2022-06-21 2022-06-21 电池单体、电池及用电设备 WO2023245430A1 (zh)

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JP2016091653A (ja) * 2014-10-30 2016-05-23 日立オートモティブシステムズ株式会社 組電池および二次電池セル
CN111933833A (zh) * 2020-09-21 2020-11-13 江苏时代新能源科技有限公司 端盖组件、电池单体、电池及用电装置
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