WO2024087381A1 - 电池单体、电池及用电设备 - Google Patents

电池单体、电池及用电设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024087381A1
WO2024087381A1 PCT/CN2022/143536 CN2022143536W WO2024087381A1 WO 2024087381 A1 WO2024087381 A1 WO 2024087381A1 CN 2022143536 W CN2022143536 W CN 2022143536W WO 2024087381 A1 WO2024087381 A1 WO 2024087381A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
weak portion
insulating member
pressure relief
battery cell
weak
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/143536
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
苏华圣
杜香龙
邢承友
李全坤
王鹏
金海族
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Publication of WO2024087381A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024087381A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/342—Non-re-sealable arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/584—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries
    • H01M50/59—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries characterised by the protection means
    • H01M50/593—Spacers; Insulating plates
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a battery cell, a battery and an electrical device.
  • batteries are used more and more widely, for example, in mobile phones, laptops, electric vehicles, electric cars, electric airplanes, electric ships, electric toy cars, electric toy ships, electric toy airplanes and electric tools, etc.
  • battery cells As an energy storage element, battery cells generally output electrical energy through chemical reactions between electrode components and electrolytes.
  • battery technology not only the performance of battery cells needs to be considered, but also the safety of battery cells. Therefore, how to improve the safety of battery cells is an urgent problem to be solved in battery technology.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide a battery cell, a battery and an electrical device, which can effectively improve the safety of the battery cell.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a battery cell, comprising a shell and an insulating member; the shell has a pressure relief zone, which is used to release the pressure inside the battery cell; the insulating member is wrapped around the shell and covers the pressure relief zone; wherein the insulating member has a weak portion, which is configured to be destroyed when the pressure relief zone is opened.
  • the insulating member has a weak portion, which makes the insulating member more easily damaged at the weak portion, reducing the impact of the insulating member on the pressure relief zone, ensuring the normal bursting pressure of the battery cell, allowing the battery cell to release pressure in time, and improving the safety of the battery cell.
  • the weak portion includes a first weak portion, and the first weak portion is disposed around the insulating member along the circumference of the shell. During the opening of the pressure relief zone, the first weak portion can be split along the circumference of the shell, so that the insulating member can be disconnected at the position of the first weak portion to reduce the influence of the insulating member on the pressure relief zone.
  • the weak portion includes a second weak portion, the second weak portion extends along the extension direction of the shell, and at least one second weak portion is provided corresponding to one first weak portion.
  • the insulating member can be cracked not only at the position of the first weak portion, but also at the position of the second weak portion, further reducing the influence of the insulating member on the pressure relief zone.
  • a plurality of second weak parts are arranged corresponding to a first weak part, and the plurality of second weak parts are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the shell, and a pressure relief area is arranged correspondingly between two adjacent second weak parts of the shell. In this way, when the pressure relief area is opened, the insulating member can be cracked at the positions of the plurality of second weak parts, making the insulating member easier to be damaged.
  • the weak portion includes a third weak portion, the third weak portion is disposed around the insulating member along the circumference of the shell, the third weak portion is spaced apart from the first weak portion along the extension direction of the shell, and the pressure relief zone is at least partially located between the third weak portion and the first weak portion.
  • the first weak portion and the third weak portion can be split along the circumference of the shell, so that the insulating member can be disconnected at the positions of the first weak portion and the third weak portion, so that the portion of the insulating member between the first weak portion and the third weak portion is separated from other portions, and the portion of the insulating member between the first weak portion and the third weak portion is more likely to be damaged during the opening process of the pressure relief zone, so as to reduce the influence of the insulating member on the pressure relief zone.
  • the pressure relief zone is completely located between the third weak portion and the first weak portion. During the opening process of the pressure relief zone, more parts of the pressure relief zone can directly act on the part of the insulating member located between the first weak portion and the third weak portion, making the part of the insulating member located between the first weak portion and the third weak portion more easily damaged.
  • the weak portion further includes a fourth weak portion, the fourth weak portion extends along the extension direction of the shell, and along the extension direction of the shell, the fourth weak portion is at least partially located between the third weak portion and the first weak portion.
  • the portion of the insulating member located between the first weak portion and the third weak portion can be cracked at the position of the fourth weak portion, making the portion of the insulating member between the first weak portion and the third weak portion more easily damaged, further reducing the influence of the insulating member on the pressure relief zone.
  • the fourth weak portion is completely located between the third weak portion and the first weak portion. After the insulating member is cracked at the location of the fourth weak portion, the crack can extend the first weak portion and the third weak portion, so that the insulating member can be more easily cracked along the first weak portion and the third weak portion.
  • the weak portion includes a plurality of fourth weak portions, and the plurality of fourth weak portions are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the shell, and the shell is provided with a corresponding pressure relief zone between two adjacent fourth weak portions.
  • the portion of the insulating member between the two adjacent fourth weak portions can eventually be separated, so that the pressure relief zone can be opened more easily and over a large area, thereby improving the timeliness of pressure relief.
  • the battery cell further includes an adhesive layer, which connects the insulating member and the outer shell; wherein the insulating member has a blank area where the adhesive layer is not provided, and the first weak portion and the third weak portion are provided in the blank area.
  • the insulating member is connected to the outer shell by the adhesive layer to ensure that the insulating member is not easily separated from the outer shell during normal use of the battery cell.
  • the first weak portion and the third weak portion are provided in the blank area to reduce the effect of the adhesive layer on the first weak portion and the third weak portion, making the first weak portion and the third weak portion easier to crack.
  • the adhesive layer is not provided in the blank area, the portion of the insulating member located between the first weak portion and the third weak portion is more easily damaged during the process of the pressure relief zone opening outward.
  • the distance between the first weak portion and the third weak portion is L 1
  • the width of the blank area is L 2
  • L 1 ⁇ L 2 so that the portion of the insulating member between the first weak portion and the third weak portion is completely located in the blank area.
  • the insulating member has an opening area
  • the weak portion is arranged along the edge of the opening area
  • the opening area covers at least a portion of the pressure relief area.
  • the opening area of the insulating member can be opened with the weak portion as the boundary, thereby reducing the influence of the insulating member on the pressure relief area and achieving large-area pressure relief.
  • the shell is provided with a plurality of pressure relief areas at intervals along the circumference of the shell, and one opening area is provided corresponding to one pressure relief area.
  • Each opening area can be opened during the opening process of the corresponding pressure relief area, so that each pressure relief area on the shell can be opened smoothly.
  • the weak portion includes a fifth weak portion, a sixth weak portion, and a seventh weak portion connected in sequence, the fifth weak portion is arranged opposite to the seventh weak portion, the sixth weak portion connects the fifth weak portion and the seventh weak portion, and the fifth weak portion, the sixth weak portion, and the seventh weak portion jointly define an opening area.
  • the opening area can be opened by flipping outward after the sixth weak portion, the fifth weak portion, and the seventh weak portion are cracked, and the opening area after opening is not separated from other parts of the insulating member, thereby reducing the risk of separation and splashing of the opening area during the opening of the pressure relief area.
  • the battery cell further includes an adhesive layer, which connects the insulating member and the housing.
  • the insulating member is connected to the housing through the adhesive layer to ensure that the insulating member is not easily separated from the housing during normal use of the battery cell.
  • the insulating member has a blank area without an adhesive layer, the weak portion is arranged in the blank area, and the blank area covers at least a portion of the pressure relief area.
  • the blank area is not provided with an adhesive layer, and the blank area is more easily damaged during the process of the pressure relief area opening outward.
  • the blank area completely covers the pressure relief area, so that when the pressure relief area is opened, more parts of the pressure relief area can directly act on the blank area, making the blank area easier to be damaged.
  • the insulating member is provided with a break line, and the insulating member forms a weak portion at the location where the break line is provided.
  • a local weakening treatment of the insulating member is achieved, so that the insulating member is more easily damaged at the location where the break line is provided than other areas, thereby forming a weak portion that is more easily damaged than other areas.
  • the breaking line includes a plurality of grooves arranged at intervals along its extension track, and the grooves are arranged on the outer surface or the inner surface of the insulating member. In this way, the insulating performance of the insulating member can be ensured.
  • the break line includes a plurality of through holes spaced apart along its extension track, and the through holes penetrate the outer surface and the inner surface of the insulating member, so that the insulating member is more likely to be broken along the break line during the opening process of the pressure relief zone.
  • the insulating member is provided with a linear groove, and the insulating member forms a weak portion at the position where the linear groove is provided.
  • the weak portion is formed by providing the linear groove on the insulating member, and the structure is simple.
  • the shell is provided with a plurality of pressure relief areas, and the plurality of pressure relief areas are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the shell.
  • the shell can relieve pressure through the plurality of pressure relief areas, thereby improving the pressure relief capacity of the shell.
  • the housing is provided with a notch groove, which is provided along the edge of the pressure relief zone.
  • the housing is weaker at the location where the notch groove is provided, and when the internal pressure of the housing reaches a threshold, the pressure relief zone will open with the notch groove as the boundary, achieving large-area pressure relief and improving pressure relief efficiency.
  • the notched groove includes a first groove section, a second groove section, and a third groove section, the first groove section is arranged opposite to the third groove section, the second groove section connects the first groove section and the third groove section, and the first groove section, the second groove section, and the third groove section jointly define a pressure relief area.
  • the pressure relief area can be opened in an outwardly flipped manner after the second groove section, the first groove section, and the third groove section are cracked, and the pressure relief area after opening is not separated from other parts of the shell, reducing the risk of separation and splashing of the pressure relief area during the opening process.
  • the housing includes a shell and an end cover, the shell has an opening, and the end cover closes the opening; a pressure relief zone is formed in the shell, and the insulating member is wrapped around the shell along the circumference of the opening.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a battery, comprising a battery cell provided by any embodiment of the first aspect.
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides an electrical device, comprising a battery provided in any one embodiment of the second aspect.
  • FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG2 is an exploded view of a battery provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG3 is an exploded view of a battery cell provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG4 is a schematic structural diagram of the insulating member shown in FIG3 ;
  • FIG5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an insulating member provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG6 is a schematic structural diagram of an insulating member provided in some other embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG7 is a schematic structural diagram of an insulating member provided in some other embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG8 is an assembly diagram of an insulating layer and a housing provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view of A-A shown in Fig. 8.
  • Fig. 10 is a B-B cross-sectional view shown in Fig. 8;
  • FIG11 is an exploded view of a battery cell provided in some other embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG12 is a schematic structural diagram of the insulating member shown in FIG11;
  • FIG13 is a schematic structural diagram of a shell of a housing provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 14 is an exploded view of a battery cell provided in some further embodiments of the present application.
  • Icons 1-shell; 11-shell; 111-pressure relief area; 112-notched groove; 1121-first groove section; 1122-second groove section; 1123-third groove section; 12-end cover; 2-electrode assembly; 3-insulating member; 31-weak part; 311-first weak part; 312-second weak part; 313-third weak part; 314-fourth weak part; 315-fifth weak part; 316-sixth weak part; 317-seventh weak part; 32-opening area; 33-blank area; 4-electrode terminal; 5-current collecting member; 6-adhesive layer; 10-battery cell; 20-casing; 201-first part; 202-second part; 100-battery; 200-controller; 300-motor; 1000-vehicle.
  • a and/or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone.
  • the character "/" in this application generally indicates that the associated objects before and after are in an "or" relationship.
  • battery cells may include lithium-ion secondary batteries, lithium-ion primary batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, sodium-lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries or magnesium-ion batteries, etc., and the embodiments of the present application do not limit this.
  • Battery cells may be cylindrical, flat, rectangular or other shapes, etc., and the embodiments of the present application do not limit this. Battery cells are generally divided into three types according to the packaging method: cylindrical battery cells, square battery cells and soft-pack battery cells, and the embodiments of the present application do not limit this.
  • the battery mentioned in the embodiments of the present application refers to a single physical module including one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the battery mentioned in the present application may include a battery module or a battery pack.
  • the battery generally includes a box for encapsulating one or more battery cells. The box can prevent liquid or other foreign matter from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells.
  • the battery cell includes an electrode assembly and an electrolyte.
  • the electrode assembly is composed of a positive electrode sheet, a negative electrode sheet and a separator.
  • the battery cell mainly relies on the movement of metal ions between the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet to work.
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode collector and a positive electrode active material layer.
  • the positive electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive electrode collector.
  • the positive electrode collector not coated with the positive electrode active material layer protrudes from the positive electrode collector coated with the positive electrode active material layer.
  • the positive electrode collector not coated with the positive electrode active material layer serves as a positive electrode ear.
  • the material of the positive electrode collector can be aluminum, and the positive electrode active material can be lithium cobalt oxide, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium or lithium manganese oxide.
  • the negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode collector and a negative electrode active material layer.
  • the negative electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the negative electrode collector.
  • the negative electrode collector not coated with the negative electrode active material layer protrudes from the negative electrode collector coated with the negative electrode active material layer.
  • the negative electrode collector not coated with the negative electrode active material layer serves as a negative electrode ear.
  • the material of the negative electrode collector can be copper, and the negative electrode active material can be carbon or silicon.
  • the number of positive pole ears is multiple and stacked together, and the number of negative pole ears is multiple and stacked together.
  • the material of the isolation film can be PP (polypropylene) or PE (polyethylene).
  • the electrode assembly can be a winding structure or a laminated structure, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto.
  • a pressure relief zone is generally provided on the outer shell.
  • the pressure relief zone is opened to release the internal pressure of the battery cell, thereby improving the safety of the battery cell.
  • an insulating member is generally wrapped on the outside of the shell to achieve insulation between the battery cells.
  • the inventors noticed that after the insulating member wraps around the shell, the insulating member covers the pressure relief area of the shell, and the insulating member is not easily damaged, which increases the bursting pressure of the battery cell.
  • the pressure relief area may not be opened in time due to the influence of the insulating member, which poses a safety hazard.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a battery cell, which makes the insulating part more easily damaged at the weak part by setting a weak part on the insulating part, thereby reducing the influence of the insulating part on the pressure relief zone, ensuring the normal bursting pressure of the battery cell, and enabling the battery cell to release pressure in time, thereby improving the safety of the battery cell.
  • Electrical equipment may be vehicles, mobile phones, portable devices, laptops, ships, spacecraft, electric toys, and electric tools, etc.
  • Vehicles may be fuel vehicles, gas vehicles, or new energy vehicles, and new energy vehicles may be pure electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles, or extended-range vehicles, etc.
  • spacecraft include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, and spacecraft, etc.
  • electric toys include fixed or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric ship toys, and electric airplane toys, etc.
  • electric tools include metal cutting electric tools, grinding electric tools, assembly electric tools, and railway electric tools, such as electric drills, electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators, and electric planers, etc.
  • the embodiments of the present application do not impose any special restrictions on the above-mentioned electrical equipment.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle 1000 provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • a battery 100 is disposed inside the vehicle 1000, and the battery 100 can be disposed at the bottom, head, or tail of the vehicle 1000.
  • the battery 100 can be used to power the vehicle 1000, for example, the battery 100 can be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000.
  • the vehicle 1000 may further include a controller 200 and a motor 300 , wherein the controller 200 is used to control the battery 100 to supply power to the motor 300 , for example, to meet the power requirements of starting, navigating, and driving the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 can not only serve as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000, but also serve as a driving power source for the vehicle 1000, replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1000.
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded view of a battery 100 provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery 100 includes a battery cell 10 and a box 20 .
  • the box 20 is used to accommodate the battery cell 10 .
  • the box body 20 is a component for accommodating the battery cell 10, and the box body 20 provides a storage space for the battery cell 10.
  • the box body 20 can adopt a variety of structures.
  • the box body 20 may include a first part 201 and a second part 202, and the first part 201 and the second part 202 cover each other to define a storage space for accommodating the battery cell 10.
  • the first part 201 and the second part 202 may be in a variety of shapes, such as a cuboid, a cylinder, etc.
  • the first part 201 may be a hollow structure with one side open
  • the second part 202 may also be a hollow structure with one side open
  • the open side of the second part 202 covers the open side of the first part 201, so as to form a box body 20 with a storage space.
  • the first part 201 is a hollow structure with one side open
  • the second part 202 is a plate-like structure
  • the second part 202 covers the open side of the first part 201, so as to form a box body 20 with a storage space.
  • the first part 201 and the second part 202 may be sealed by a sealing element, and the sealing element may be a sealing ring, a sealant, etc.
  • the battery 100 there may be one or more battery cells 10. If there are more than one battery cell 10, the battery cells 10 may be connected in series, in parallel, or in a mixed connection.
  • a mixed connection means that the battery cells 10 are both connected in series and in parallel.
  • a battery module may be formed by connecting a plurality of battery cells 10 in series, in parallel, or in a mixed connection, and then the plurality of battery modules are connected in series, in parallel, or in a mixed connection to form a whole and accommodated in the box 20.
  • all the battery cells 10 may be directly connected in series, in parallel, or in a mixed connection, and then the whole formed by all the battery cells 10 is accommodated in the box 20.
  • FIG3 is an exploded view of a battery cell 10 provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cell 10 may include a housing 1 , an electrode assembly 2 , and an insulating member 3 .
  • the outer shell 1 is used to accommodate the electrode assembly 2, electrolyte and other components.
  • the outer shell 1 may include a shell 11 and an end cover 12.
  • the end cover 12 closes the opening of the shell 11.
  • the end cover 12 and the shell 11 together define a sealed space.
  • the sealed space is used to accommodate the electrode assembly 2, electrolyte and other components.
  • the housing 11 may be a hollow structure with an opening at one end, or a hollow structure with openings at opposite ends.
  • the housing 11 may be in various shapes, such as a cylinder, a cuboid, etc.
  • the housing 11 may be made of various materials, such as copper, iron, aluminum, steel, aluminum alloy, etc.
  • the end cap 12 is a component that covers the opening of the shell 11 to isolate the internal environment of the battery cell 10 from the external environment.
  • the shape of the end cap 12 can be adapted to the shape of the shell 11.
  • the shell 11 is a rectangular parallelepiped structure
  • the end cap 12 is a rectangular plate structure adapted to the shell 11; for another example, as shown in FIG3 , the shell 11 is a cylindrical structure, and the end cap 12 is a circular plate structure adapted to the shell 11.
  • the material of the end cap 12 can also be a variety of materials, such as copper, iron, aluminum, steel, aluminum alloy, etc.
  • the material of the end cap 12 can be the same as or different from the material of the shell 11.
  • one or two end caps 12 may be provided.
  • one end cap 12 may be provided accordingly.
  • two end caps 12 may be provided accordingly.
  • the electrode assembly 2 is a component in the battery cell 10 where an electrochemical reaction occurs.
  • the electrode assembly 2 may include a positive electrode sheet, a negative electrode sheet, and a separator.
  • the electrode assembly 2 may be a wound structure formed by winding a positive electrode sheet, a separator, and a negative electrode sheet, or a laminated structure formed by stacking a positive electrode sheet, a separator, and a negative electrode sheet.
  • the electrode assembly 2 has a positive electrode ear and a negative electrode ear.
  • the positive electrode ear may be a portion of the positive electrode sheet that is not coated with a positive electrode active material layer
  • the negative electrode ear may be a portion of the negative electrode sheet that is not coated with a negative electrode active material layer.
  • the battery cell 10 may be provided with an electrode terminal 4, which is a component in the battery cell 10 used to connect with an external component (such as a current collecting component) to output the electric energy of the battery cell 10.
  • the electrode terminal 4 is installed on the end cap 12. As shown in FIG3, taking the case 11 as a hollow structure with both ends open as an example, the electrode terminal 4 can be provided on both end caps 12, and the electrode terminal 4 on one end cap 12 is connected to the positive pole ear of the electrode assembly 2 through a current collecting component 5, and the electrode terminal 4 on the other end cap 12 is connected to the negative pole ear of the electrode terminal 4 through another current collecting component 5.
  • the insulating member 3 is a component with insulating properties wrapped around the outer shell 1.
  • the insulating member 3 is made of insulating material, such as plastic, rubber, etc.
  • the insulating member 3 can be an insulating film wrapped around the outer side of the outer shell 1, such as a blue film. Specifically, the insulating member 3 is wrapped around the outer side of the shell 11 of the outer shell 1.
  • the present embodiment provides a battery cell 10, including a housing 1 and an insulating member 3.
  • the housing 1 has a pressure relief area 111, and the pressure relief area 111 is used to release the pressure inside the battery cell 10.
  • the insulating member 3 is wrapped around the housing 1 and covers the pressure relief area 111.
  • the insulating member 3 has a weak portion 31, and the weak portion 31 is configured to be destroyed when the pressure relief area 111 is opened.
  • the pressure relief zone 111 is an area where the outer shell 1 can be opened to release the pressure inside the battery cell 10.
  • the pressure relief zone 111 can be formed on the shell 11 of the outer shell 1.
  • the pressure relief zone 111 can be opened in a variety of ways, such as rupture, detachment, flipping, etc.
  • the pressure relief zone 111 can be formed in a variety of ways, for example, a groove is provided on the shell 11, and the area defined by the groove side surface of the groove can be the pressure relief zone 111; or the groove can extend along a curved trajectory, and the groove is located at the edge of the pressure relief zone 111, and the pressure relief zone 111 is surrounded by the groove.
  • the insulating member 3 may be wrapped around the shell 11 of the housing 1, and the shape of the insulating member 3 is the same as that of the shell 11. For example, in FIG3 , the insulating member 3 and the shell 11 are both cylindrical.
  • the insulating member 3 may be directly connected to the housing 1; the insulating member 3 may also be indirectly connected to the housing 1, for example, the insulating member 3 is bonded to the housing 1.
  • the weak portion 31 is a weakened portion of the insulating member 3, and the strength of the weak portion 31 is less than the strength of other portions of the insulating member 3.
  • the weak portion 31 can be formed in a variety of ways. For example, a linear groove is provided on the insulating member 3, and the weak portion 31 is formed corresponding to the position where the linear groove is provided on the insulating member 3; for another example, a puncture line is provided on the insulating member 3, and the weak portion 31 is formed corresponding to the position where the puncture line is provided on the insulating member 3.
  • the weak portion 31 is damaged. For example, the weak portion 31 is punctured by the discharge inside the battery cell 10; for another example, the weak portion 31 is damaged by the force applied during the opening of the pressure relief zone 111.
  • the insulating member 3 has a weak portion 31, so that the insulating member 3 is more easily damaged at the position of the weak portion 31, reducing the impact of the insulating member 3 on the pressure relief zone 111, ensuring the normal bursting pressure of the battery cell 10, and allowing the battery cell 10 to release pressure in time, thereby improving the safety of the battery cell 10.
  • FIG4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the insulating member 3 shown in FIG3 .
  • the weak portion 31 includes a first weak portion 311 , and the first weak portion 311 is disposed around the insulating member 3 along the circumference of the housing 1 .
  • the circumference of the housing 1 is consistent with the circumference of the insulating member 3.
  • a linear groove may be provided on the insulating member 3 to form a first weak portion 311; as shown in FIG4 , a puncture line may be provided on the insulating member 3 to form a first weak portion 311.
  • One first weak portion 311 may be provided on the insulating member 3, or a plurality of first weak portions 311 may be provided.
  • two first weak portions 311 are provided on the insulating member 3, and the two first weak portions 311 are spaced apart along the axial direction of the insulating member 3, and two groups of pressure relief areas 111 are provided on the housing 1, each group of pressure relief areas 111 includes a plurality of pressure relief areas 111, and the plurality of pressure relief areas 111 are spaced apart along the circumferential direction of the housing 1, and each group of pressure relief areas 111 is provided with a corresponding first weak portion 311.
  • the first weak portion 311 may be split along the circumference of the housing 1 , so that the insulating member 3 can be disconnected at the position of the first weak portion 311 to reduce the influence of the insulating member 3 on the pressure relief zone 111 .
  • the weak portion 31 includes a second weak portion 312, which extends along the extension direction of the housing 1, and at least one second weak portion 312 is provided corresponding to one first weak portion 311.
  • the extension direction of the shell 1 is the height direction of the shell 1. Taking the shell 11 of the shell 1 as a cylinder as an example, the extension direction of the shell 1 is the axial direction of the shell 1, which is also the axial direction of the insulating member 3. In FIG5 , the Z direction is the extension direction of the shell 1.
  • the second weak portion 312 may or may not be in contact with the first weak portion 311. Exemplarily, in FIG5 , the second weak portion 312 is not in contact with the first weak portion 311, and along the extension direction of the shell 1, the second weak portion 312 is spaced apart from the first weak portion 311. The spacing between the second weak portion 312 and the first weak portion 311 is less than 5 mm.
  • One first weak portion 311 may correspond to one second weak portion 312, or may correspond to multiple second weak portions 312.
  • a puncture line may be provided on the insulating member 3 to form the second weak portion 312; as shown in FIG5 , a linear groove may be provided on the insulating member 3 to form the second weak portion 312.
  • the insulating member 3 may be cracked not only at the position of the first weak portion 311 , but also at the position of the second weak portion 312 , so as to further reduce the influence of the insulating member 3 on the pressure relief area 111 .
  • a plurality of second weak portions 312 are correspondingly arranged for a first weak portion 311, and the plurality of second weak portions 312 are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the shell 1, and a pressure relief zone 111 is correspondingly arranged between two adjacent second weak portions 312 of the shell 1.
  • a plurality of second weak portions 312 are arranged corresponding to one first weak portion 311, and the plurality of second weak portions 312 are arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the first weak portion 311.
  • the plurality of second weak portions 312 can be evenly distributed along the extension direction of the first weak portion 311.
  • the insulating member 3 forms an opening area 32 between two adjacent second weak portions 312, and one opening area 32 corresponds to one pressure relief area 111. During the opening process of the pressure relief area 111, the insulating member 3 is split along the first weak portion 311 and the two adjacent second weak portions 312, so that the opening area 32 is opened.
  • the insulating member 3 has a plurality of second weak portions 312.
  • the insulating member 3 can be split at the positions of the plurality of second weak portions 312, making the insulating member 3 more easily damaged.
  • the housing 1 is provided with a corresponding pressure relief zone 111 between two adjacent second weak portions 312.
  • the opening zone 32 of the insulating member 3 between two adjacent second weak portions 312 can be opened, thereby improving the timeliness of the pressure relief of the battery cell 10.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the insulating member 3 provided in some other embodiments of the present application.
  • the weak portion 31 includes a third weak portion 313, which is arranged around the insulating member 3 along the circumference of the housing 1, and along the extension direction of the housing 1, the third weak portion 313 is spaced apart from the first weak portion 311, and the pressure relief area 111 is at least partially located between the third weak portion 313 and the first weak portion 311.
  • a linear groove may be provided on the insulating member 3 to form the third weak portion 313 ; as shown in FIG. 6 , a puncture line may be provided on the insulating member 3 to form the third weak portion 313 .
  • the pressure relief zone 111 may be completely located between the third weak portion 313 and the first weak portion 311; the pressure relief zone 111 may also be partially located between the third weak portion 313 and the first weak portion 311, for example, a portion of the pressure relief zone 111 is located between the third weak portion 313 and the first weak portion 311, and another portion of the pressure relief zone 111 is located on the side of the third weak portion 313 away from the first weak portion 311.
  • One or more third weak portions 313 may be provided on the insulating member 3.
  • the third weak portions 313 correspond one to one with the first weak portions 311.
  • two third weak portions 313 are provided on the insulating member 3, and the two third weak portions 313 are spaced apart along the axial direction of the insulating member 3.
  • Two groups of pressure relief areas 111 are provided on the housing 1, and each group of pressure relief areas 111 includes a plurality of pressure relief areas 111, and the plurality of pressure relief areas 111 are spaced apart along the circumferential direction of the housing 1 on the housing 1, and each group of pressure relief areas 111 corresponds to the portion of the insulating member 3 located between the first weak portion 311 and the third weak portion 313.
  • the first weak portion 311 and the third weak portion 313 can be split along the circumference of the shell 1, so that the insulating member 3 can be disconnected at the positions of the first weak portion 311 and the third weak portion 313, so that the portion of the insulating member 3 between the first weak portion 311 and the third weak portion 313 is separated from other portions.
  • the portion of the insulating member 3 located between the first weak portion 311 and the third weak portion 313 is more easily damaged, so as to reduce the influence of the insulating member 3 on the pressure relief zone 111.
  • the pressure relief area 111 is completely located between the third weak portion 313 and the first weak portion 311 .
  • a plurality of pressure relief areas 111 in each group of pressure relief areas 111 are completely located between the third weak portion 313 and the first weak portion 311. It is understandable that along the extension direction of the housing 1, the third weak portion 313 and the first weak portion 311 are located on both sides of each group of pressure relief areas 111, respectively.
  • more parts of the pressure relief zone 111 can directly act on the part of the insulating member 3 located between the first weak portion 311 and the third weak portion 313, making the part of the insulating member 3 located between the first weak portion 311 and the third weak portion 313 more easily damaged.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the insulating member 3 provided in some other embodiments of the present application.
  • the weak portion 31 further includes a fourth weak portion 314, which extends along the extension direction of the housing 1. Along the extension direction of the housing 1, the fourth weak portion 314 is at least partially located between the third weak portion 313 and the first weak portion 311.
  • the fourth weak portion 314 can be completely located between the third weak portion 313 and the first weak portion 311; the fourth weak portion 314 can also be partially located between the third weak portion 313 and the first weak portion 311.
  • one end of the fourth weak portion 314 is located between the third weak portion 313 and the first weak portion 311, and the other end of the fourth weak portion 314 extends to the side of the third weak portion 313 away from the first weak portion 311.
  • one end of the fourth weak portion 314 is located between the third weak portion 313 and the first weak portion 311, and the other end of the fourth weak portion 314 extends to the side of the first weak portion 311 away from the third weak portion 313.
  • One fourth weak portion 314 may be provided between the first weak portion 311 and the third weak portion 313, or a plurality of fourth weak portions 314 may be provided.
  • a puncture line may be provided on the insulating member 3 to form the fourth weak portion 314; as shown in FIG7 , a linear groove may be provided on the insulating member 3 to form the fourth weak portion 314.
  • the setting of the fourth weak portion 314 on the insulating member 3 enables the portion of the insulating member 3 located between the first weak portion 311 and the third weak portion 313 to be cracked at the position of the fourth weak portion 314, making the portion of the insulating member 3 between the first weak portion 311 and the third weak portion 313 more easily damaged, further reducing the influence of the insulating member 3 on the pressure relief zone 111.
  • the fourth weak portion 314 is completely located between the third weak portion 313 and the first weak portion 311 .
  • the fourth weak portion 314 does not contact the third weak portion 313 , and the fourth weak portion 314 does not contact the first weak portion 311 . Both ends of the fourth weak portion 314 are respectively spaced apart from the third weak portion 313 and the first weak portion 311 .
  • the crack may extend to the first weak portion 311 and the third weak portion 313 , so that the insulating member 3 may be more easily cracked along the first weak portion 311 and the third weak portion 313 .
  • the weak portion 31 includes a plurality of fourth weak portions 314 , and the plurality of fourth weak portions 314 are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the shell 1 , and a pressure relief zone 111 is correspondingly arranged between two adjacent fourth weak portions 314 of the shell 1 .
  • a plurality of fourth weak portions 314 are correspondingly arranged between the first weak portion 311 and the third weak portion 313, and the plurality of fourth weak portions 314 are arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the first weak portion 311 and the third weak portion 313, and the plurality of fourth weak portions 314 can be evenly distributed between the first weak portion 311 and the third weak portion 313.
  • the insulating member 3 forms an opening area 32 between two adjacent fourth weak portions 314, and one opening area 32 corresponds to one pressure relief area 111. During the opening process of the pressure relief area 111, the insulating member 3 is split along the first weak portion 311, the third weak portion 313 and the two adjacent fourth weak portions 314, so that the opening area 32 is opened.
  • the portion of the insulating member 3 located between two adjacent fourth weak portions 314 can eventually be detached, so that the pressure relief zone 111 can be opened more easily and over a large area, thereby improving the timeliness of pressure relief.
  • Figure 8 is an assembly diagram of the insulating layer and the housing 1 provided in some embodiments of the present application;
  • Figure 9 is an A-A cross-sectional view shown in Figure 8;
  • Figure 10 is a B-B cross-sectional view shown in Figure 8.
  • the battery cell 10 also includes an adhesive layer 6, and the adhesive layer 6 connects the insulating member 3 and the housing 1.
  • the insulating member 3 has a blank area 33 where the adhesive layer 6 is not set, and the first weak portion 311 and the third weak portion 313 are set in the blank area 33.
  • the adhesive layer 6 may be a glue layer disposed between the insulating member 3 and the shell 11 of the housing 1.
  • the blank area 33 may be an annular area of the insulating member 3 where the adhesive layer 6 is not disposed.
  • the blank area 33 of the insulating member 3 may be one or more.
  • the insulating member 3 has two blank areas 33, and the two blank areas 33 are disposed at intervals along the extension direction of the housing 1.
  • the pressure relief zone 111 is completely located between the first weak portion 311 and the third weak portion 313.
  • the fourth weak portion 314 located between the first weak portion 311 and the third weak portion 313 may be provided on the insulating member 3 , or the fourth weak portion 314 may not be provided.
  • the insulating member 3 is connected to the outer shell 1 through the adhesive layer 6, ensuring that the insulating member 3 is not easily separated from the outer shell 1 during normal use of the battery cell 10.
  • the first weak portion 311 and the third weak portion 313 are arranged in the blank area 33, reducing the influence of the adhesive layer 6 on the first weak portion 311 and the third weak portion 313, making the first weak portion 311 and the third weak portion 313 easier to crack.
  • the adhesive layer 6 is not arranged in the blank area 33, the portion of the insulating member 3 between the first weak portion 311 and the third weak portion 313 is more easily damaged during the process of the pressure relief area 111 opening outward.
  • the distance between the first weak portion 311 and the third weak portion 313 is L 1
  • the width of the blank area 33 is L 2 , satisfying: L 1 ⁇ L 2 . This allows the portion of the insulating member 3 between the first weak portion 311 and the third weak portion 313 to be completely within the blank area 33 .
  • FIG11 is an exploded view of a battery cell 10 provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the insulating member 3 has an opening area 32 , and the weak portion 31 is arranged along the edge of the opening area 32 .
  • the opening area 32 covers at least a portion of the pressure relief area 111 .
  • the opening area 32 is the part that the insulating member 3 can open.
  • the shape of the opening area 32 can be the same as or different from the shape of the pressure relief area 111.
  • the opening area 32 can cover a part of the pressure relief area 111 or completely cover the pressure relief area 111.
  • the opening area 32 can correspond to the pressure relief area 111 one by one, or one opening area 32 can correspond to multiple pressure relief areas 111.
  • the weak portion 31 can extend along a closed trajectory to define a closed opening area 32, for example, the weak portion 31 extends along a circular, elliptical or rectangular trajectory; the weak portion 31 can also extend along a non-closed trajectory to define a non-closed opening area 32, for example, the weak portion 31 extends along a U-shaped, C-shaped trajectory.
  • the opening zone 32 of the insulating member 3 can be opened with the weak portion 31 as the boundary, thereby reducing the influence of the insulating member 3 on the pressure relief zone 111 and achieving large-area pressure relief.
  • the shell 1 is provided with a plurality of pressure relief areas 111 at intervals, and one pressure relief area 111 is correspondingly provided with one opening area 32 .
  • two groups of pressure relief areas 111 are provided on the housing 1, and the two groups of pressure relief areas 111 are arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the housing 1, and each group of pressure relief areas 111 includes a plurality of pressure relief areas 111, and the plurality of pressure relief areas 111 are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the housing 1.
  • Two groups of opening areas 32 are provided on the insulating member 3, and each group of opening areas 32 includes a plurality of opening areas 32, and the plurality of opening areas 32 are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the housing 1, and the opening areas 32 in each group of opening areas 32 correspond one to one to the pressure relief areas 111 in each group of pressure relief areas 111.
  • Each opening area 32 can be opened during the opening process of the corresponding pressure relief area 111 , so that each pressure relief area 111 on the housing 1 can be opened smoothly.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the insulating member 3 shown in FIG. 11.
  • the weak portion 31 includes a fifth weak portion 315, a sixth weak portion 316 and a seventh weak portion 317 connected in sequence, the fifth weak portion 315 and the seventh weak portion 317 are arranged opposite to each other, the sixth weak portion 316 connects the fifth weak portion 315 and the seventh weak portion 317, and the fifth weak portion 315, the sixth weak portion 316 and the seventh weak portion 317 jointly define the opening area 32.
  • the fifth weak portion 315, the sixth weak portion 316 and the seventh weak portion 317 can be formed by providing linear grooves or puncture lines on the insulating member 3.
  • the fifth weak portion 315, the sixth weak portion 316 and the seventh weak portion 317 extend along a non-closed track as a whole, and the fifth weak portion 315, the sixth weak portion 316 and the seventh weak portion 317 define a non-closed opening area 32.
  • the fifth weak portion 315, the sixth weak portion 316 and the seventh weak portion 317 are connected in sequence to form a U-shaped structure.
  • the fifth weak portion 315 and the seventh weak portion 317 are arranged opposite to each other along the extension direction of the housing 1, the sixth weak portion 316 is arc-shaped, and the fifth weak portion 315 and the seventh weak portion 317 are tangent to the sixth weak portion 316.
  • the opening area 32 can be opened by flipping outward after the sixth weak portion 316, the fifth weak portion 315 and the seventh weak portion 317 are cracked. After opening, the opening area 32 is not separated from other parts of the insulating part 3, reducing the risk of the opening area 32 being separated and splashed during the opening process of the pressure relief area 111.
  • the battery cell 10 further includes an adhesive layer 6 , which connects the insulating member 3 and the housing 1 .
  • the adhesive layer 6 may be a glue layer disposed between the insulating member 3 and the shell 11 of the housing 1 .
  • the insulating member 3 and the housing 1 may be connected via an adhesive layer 6 .
  • the insulating member 3 is connected to the outer shell 1 via the adhesive layer 6 , so as to ensure that the insulating member 3 is not easily separated from the outer shell 1 during normal use of the battery cell 10 .
  • the insulating member 3 has a blank area 33 where no adhesive layer 6 is provided, the weak portion 31 is provided in the blank area 33 , and the blank area 33 covers at least a portion of the pressure relief area 111 .
  • the blank area 33 may be an annular area of the insulating member 3 where the adhesive layer 6 is not provided.
  • the insulating member 3 may have one or more blank areas 33.
  • the blank area 33 may cover a portion of the pressure relief area 111 or may completely cover the pressure relief area 111.
  • the insulating member 3 may have a blank area 33.
  • the first weak portion 311 may be disposed in the blank area 33; in the embodiment shown in FIG. 5 , the first weak portion 311 and the second weak portion 312 may be disposed in the blank area 33; in the embodiment shown in FIG. 6 , the first weak portion 311 and the third weak portion 313 may be disposed in the blank area 33; in the embodiment shown in FIG. 7 , the first weak portion 311 , the third weak portion 313 and the fourth weak portion 314 may be disposed in the blank area 33; in the embodiments shown in FIGS. 11 to 12 , the fifth weak portion 315 , the sixth weak portion 316 and the seventh weak portion 317 may be disposed in the blank area 33.
  • the blank area 33 of the insulating member 3 is not provided with the adhesive layer 6 , and the blank area 33 is more easily damaged when the pressure relief area 111 is opened outward.
  • the blank area 33 completely covers the pressure relief area 111 .
  • the pressure relief zone 111 is completely located between the first weak portion 311 and the third weak portion 313 , and the first weak portion 311 and the third weak portion 313 are arranged in the blank area 33 , so that the blank area 33 can completely cover the pressure relief zone 111 .
  • the blank area 33 completely covers the pressure relief area 111.
  • the pressure relief area 111 is opened, more parts of the pressure relief area 111 can directly act on the blank area 33, so that the blank area 33 is more easily destroyed.
  • the insulating member 3 is provided with a breaking line, and the insulating member 3 forms a weak portion 31 at the location where the breaking line is provided.
  • the first weak portion 311 can be formed by setting a breaking line on the insulating member 3; in the embodiment shown in Figure 5, the first weak portion 311 and the second weak portion 312 can both be formed by setting a breaking line on the insulating member 3; in the embodiment shown in Figure 6, the first weak portion 311 and the third weak portion 313 can both be formed by setting a breaking line on the insulating member 3; in the embodiment shown in Figure 7, the first weak portion 311, the third weak portion 313 and the fourth weak portion 314 can all be formed by setting a breaking line on the insulating member 3; in the embodiments shown in Figures 11-12, the fifth weak portion 315, the sixth weak portion 316 and the seventh weak portion 317 can all be formed by setting a breaking line on the insulating member 3.
  • the insulating member 3 After the insulating member 3 is provided with the breaking line, the insulating member 3 is locally weakened, so that the insulating member 3 is more easily damaged at the location where the breaking line is provided than other areas, thereby forming a weak portion 31 that is more easily damaged than other areas.
  • the breaking line By providing the breaking line on the insulating member 3 to form the weak portion 31, on the one hand, it can be ensured that the insulating member 3 has sufficient strength at the location where the breaking line is provided during normal use; on the other hand, the insulating member 3 can be cracked along the breaking line during the opening process of the pressure relief zone 111.
  • the breaking line includes a plurality of grooves arranged at intervals along its extension track, and the grooves are arranged on the outer surface or the inner surface of the insulating member 3. In this way, the insulating performance of the insulating member 3 can be ensured.
  • the break line includes a plurality of through holes spaced apart along its extension track, and the through holes penetrate the outer surface and the inner surface of the insulating member 3. In this way, the insulating member 3 is more likely to be broken along the break line during the opening process of the pressure relief zone 111.
  • the insulating member 3 is provided with a linear groove, and the insulating member 3 forms a weak portion 31 at the position where the linear groove is provided.
  • the first weak portion 311 can be formed by providing a linear groove on the insulating member 3; in the embodiment shown in Figure 5, the first weak portion 311 and the second weak portion 312 can both be formed by providing a linear groove on the insulating member 3; in the embodiment shown in Figure 6, the first weak portion 311 and the third weak portion 313 can both be formed by providing a linear groove on the insulating member 3; in the embodiment shown in Figure 7, the first weak portion 311, the third weak portion 313 and the fourth weak portion 314 can all be formed by providing a linear groove on the insulating member 3; in the embodiments shown in Figures 11-12, the fifth weak portion 315, the sixth weak portion 316 and the seventh weak portion 317 can all be formed by providing a linear groove on the insulating member 3.
  • the linear groove can be a groove of various shapes, such as a straight groove, a curved groove, etc.
  • the weak portion 31 is formed by providing a linear groove on the insulating member 3, and the structure is simple.
  • Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the shell 11 of the housing 1 provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the housing 1 is provided with a plurality of pressure relief areas 111, and the plurality of pressure relief areas 111 are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the housing 1.
  • the pressure relief area 111 is provided on the shell 11 of the housing 1.
  • the shell 11 of the housing 1 is provided with a plurality of groups of pressure relief areas 111, the plurality of groups of pressure relief areas 111 are arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the housing 1, each group of pressure relief areas 111 includes a plurality of pressure relief areas 111, and the plurality of pressure relief areas 111 are arranged at intervals on the housing 1 along the circumferential direction of the housing 1.
  • the shell 11 of the housing 1 is provided with two groups of pressure relief areas 111.
  • the housing 1 can release pressure through a plurality of pressure relief areas 111 , thereby improving the pressure relief capability of the housing 1 .
  • the housing 1 is provided with a notched groove 112 , and the notched groove 112 is provided along the edge of the pressure relief area 111 .
  • the notched groove 112 is provided on the shell 11 of the housing 1, and the notched groove 112 can be provided on the inner surface of the shell 11 or on the outer surface of the shell 11.
  • the notched groove 112 can extend along a closed trajectory to define a closed pressure relief area 111, for example, the notched groove 112 extends along a circular, elliptical or rectangular trajectory; the notched groove 112 can also extend along a non-closed trajectory to define a non-closed pressure relief area 111, for example, the notched groove 112 extends along a U-shaped, C-shaped trajectory.
  • the housing 1 is weaker at the position where the notch groove 112 is provided.
  • the pressure relief area 111 will open with the notch groove 112 as the boundary, thereby achieving large-area pressure relief and improving the pressure relief efficiency.
  • the notched groove 112 includes a first groove section 1121, a second groove section 1122 and a third groove section 1123, the first groove section 1121 and the third groove section 1123 are arranged opposite to each other, the second groove section 1122 connects the first groove section 1121 and the third groove section 1123, and the first groove section 1121, the second groove section 1122 and the third groove section 1123 jointly define the pressure relief area 111.
  • the first slot section 1121, the second slot section 1122 and the third slot section 1123 are connected in sequence to form a U-shaped structure.
  • the first slot section 1121 and the third slot section 1123 are arranged opposite to each other along the extension direction of the housing 1, the second slot section 1122 is arc-shaped, and the first slot section 1121 and the third slot section 1123 are tangent to the second slot section 1122.
  • the pressure relief zone 111 can be opened by flipping outward after the second slot section 1122, the first slot section 1121 and the third slot section 1123 are split.
  • the pressure relief zone 111 after opening does not separate from other parts of the shell 1, reducing the risk of separation and splashing of the pressure relief zone 111 during the opening process.
  • FIG. 14 is an exploded view of a battery cell 10 provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the housing 1 includes a shell 11 and an end cover 12, the shell 11 has an opening, and the end cover 12 closes the opening.
  • a pressure relief area 111 is formed in the shell 11, and the insulating member 3 is wrapped around the shell 11 along the circumference of the opening.
  • the shell 11 is a cylinder. Along the axial direction of the shell 11, both ends of the shell 11 are provided with openings, that is, the shell 11 is a hollow structure with openings formed at opposite ends.
  • the housing 1 includes two end covers 12, and the two end covers 12 respectively close the two openings of the shell 11.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides a battery 100, comprising a battery cell 10 provided in any one of the above embodiments.
  • An embodiment of the present application further provides an electrical device, comprising the battery 100 provided in any one of the above embodiments.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a cylindrical battery 100, including a housing 1, an electrode assembly 2 and an insulating member 3.
  • the electrode assembly 2 is disposed in the housing 1.
  • the housing 1 includes a shell 11 and two end caps 12.
  • the shell 11 is a cylinder. Along the axial direction of the shell 11, both ends of the shell 11 form openings.
  • the two end caps 12 respectively close the two openings of the shell 11.
  • Electrode terminals 4 are provided on the end caps 12.
  • the electrode terminal 4 on one end cap 12 is connected to the positive electrode ear of the electrode assembly 2 through a current collecting member 5, and the electrode terminal 4 on the other end cap 12 is connected to the negative electrode ear of the electrode assembly 2 through another current collecting member 5.
  • the housing 11 has two groups of pressure relief areas 111, which are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the housing 11, and each group of pressure relief areas 111 includes a plurality of pressure relief areas 111 arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the housing 11.
  • the housing 11 is provided with a notched groove 112, which is arranged along the edge of the pressure relief area 111, and defines the pressure relief area 111, and the notched groove 112 is U-shaped.
  • the insulating member 3 is wrapped around the shell 11, and the insulating member 3 has a weak portion 31, and the weak portion 31 is configured to be destroyed when the pressure relief zone 111 is opened.
  • a group of pressure relief zones 111 is correspondingly provided with a group of weak portions 31.
  • the weak portion 31 includes a first weak portion 311 and a third weak portion 313, and the first weak portion 311 and the third weak portion 313 are both arranged around the insulating member 3 along the circumference of the shell 1, and along the axial direction of the shell 11, the third weak portion 313 is arranged at intervals from the first weak portion 311, and a plurality of pressure relief zones 111 in a group of pressure relief zones 111 are arranged between the third weak portion 313 and the first weak portion 311.
  • the insulating member 3 is connected to the housing 1 via an adhesive layer 6 .
  • the insulating member 3 has a blank area 33 (not shown in FIG. 14 ) where no adhesive layer 6 is provided.
  • the first weak portion 311 and the third weak portion 313 are both provided in the blank area 33 .

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Abstract

本申请实施例提供了一种电池单体、电池及用电设备，属于电池技术领域。其中，电池单体包括外壳和绝缘件。外壳具有泄压区，泄压区用于泄放电池单体内部的压力。绝缘件包覆于外壳的周围，并覆盖泄压区。绝缘件具有薄弱部，薄弱部被配置为在泄压区打开时被破坏。薄弱部的设置，使得绝缘件在薄弱部的位置更容易被破坏，降低了绝缘件对泄压区的影响，保证电池单体的正常爆破压力，使得电池单体能够及时泄压，提高了电池单体的安全性。

Description

电池单体、电池及用电设备
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求享有于2022年10月24日提交的名称为“电池单体、电池及用电设备”的中国专利申请2022227886406的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种电池单体、电池及用电设备。
背景技术
随着新能源技术的发展，电池的应用越来越广泛，例如应用在手机、笔记本电脑、电瓶车、电动汽车、电动飞机、电动轮船、电动玩具汽车、电动玩具轮船、电动玩具飞机和电动工具等上。
电池单体作为储能元件，一般通过电极组件和电解液发生化学反应，从而输出电能。在电池技术中，不仅需要考虑电池单体的性能，也需要考虑电池单体的安全性。因此，如何提高电池单体的安全性是电池技术中一个亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供一种电池单体、电池及用电设备，能够有效提高电池单体的安全性。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供一种电池单体，包括外壳和绝缘件；外壳具有泄压区，泄压区用于泄放电池单体内部的压力；绝缘件包覆于外壳的周围，并覆盖泄压区；其中，绝缘件具有薄弱部，薄弱部被配置为在泄压区打开时被破坏。
上述技术方案中，绝缘件具有薄弱部，使得绝缘件在薄弱部的位置更容易被破坏，降低了绝缘件对泄压区的影响，保证电池单体的正常爆破压力，使得电池单体能够及时泄压，提高了电池单体的安全性。
在一些实施例中，薄弱部包括第一薄弱部，第一薄弱部沿外壳的周向环绕设置于绝缘件。在泄压区打开过程中，第一薄弱部可以沿外壳的周向裂开，使得绝缘件能够在第一薄弱部的位置断开，以降低绝缘件对泄压区的影响。
在一些实施例中，薄弱部包括第二薄弱部，第二薄弱部沿外壳的延伸方向延伸，一个第一薄弱部对应设置至少一个第二薄弱部。绝缘件不仅可以在第一薄弱部的位置裂开，还可以在第二薄弱部的位置裂开，进一步降低绝缘件对泄压区的影响。
在一些实施例中，一个第一薄弱部对应设置多个第二薄弱部，沿外壳的周向，多个第二薄弱部间隔设置，外壳在相邻的两个第二薄弱部之间对应设置一个泄压区。这样，泄压区在打开过程中，绝缘件可以在多个第二薄弱部的位置裂开，使得绝缘件更容易被破坏。
在一些实施例中，薄弱部包括第三薄弱部，第三薄弱部沿外壳的周向环绕设置于绝缘件，沿外壳的延伸方向，第三薄弱部与第一薄弱部间隔设置，泄压区至少部分位于第三薄弱部与第一薄弱部之间。在泄压区打开过程中，第一薄弱部和第三薄弱部可以沿外壳的周向裂开，使得绝缘件能够在第一薄弱部和第三薄弱部的位置断开，使得绝缘件在第一薄弱部与第三薄弱部之间的部分与其他部分脱离，泄压区在打开过程中更容破坏绝缘件位于第一薄弱部与第三薄弱部之间的部分，以降低绝缘件对泄压区的影响。
在一些实施例中，沿外壳的延伸方向，泄压区完全位于第三薄弱部与第一薄弱部之间。泄压区打开过程中，泄压区的更多部分可以直接作用于绝缘件位于第一薄弱部与第三薄弱部之间的部分，使得绝缘件位于第一薄弱部与第三薄弱部之间的部分更容易被破坏。
在一些实施例中，薄弱部还包括第四薄弱部，第四薄弱部沿外壳的延伸方向延伸，沿外壳 的延伸方向，第四薄弱部至少部分位于第三薄弱部与第一薄弱部之间。这样，使得绝缘件位于第一薄弱部与第三薄弱部之间的部分能够在第四薄弱部的位置裂开，使得绝缘件在第一薄弱部与第三薄弱部之间的部分更容易被破坏，进一步降低绝缘件对泄压区的影响。
在一些实施例中，沿外壳的延伸方向，第四薄弱部完全位于第三薄弱部与第一薄弱部之间。绝缘件在第四薄弱部的位置裂开后，裂纹可以延伸第一薄弱部和第三薄弱部，使得绝缘件能够更容易沿着第一薄弱部和第三薄弱部裂开。
在一些实施例中，薄弱部包括多个第四薄弱部，沿外壳的周向，多个第四薄弱部间隔设置，外壳在相邻的两个第四薄弱部之间对应设置一个泄压区。这样，泄压区在打开过程中，随着第四薄弱部、第一薄弱部和第三薄弱部的逐渐裂开，最终可以使得绝缘件位于相邻的两个第四薄弱部之间的部分实现脱离，使得泄压区能够更容易打开，并且能够大面积打开，提高泄压及时性。
在一些实施例中，电池单体还包括粘接层，粘接层连接绝缘件和外壳；其中，绝缘件具有未设置粘接层的留白区，第一薄弱部和第三薄弱部设置于留白区。绝缘件通过粘接层连接于外壳，保证电池单体在正常使用过程中绝缘件不易与外壳脱离。第一薄弱部和第三薄弱部设置于留白区，降低粘接层对第一薄弱部和第三薄弱部的影响，使得第一薄弱部和第三薄弱部更容易裂开。此外，由于留白区未设置粘接层，泄压区在向外打开过程中，绝缘件位于第一薄弱部与第三薄弱部之间的部分更容易被破坏。
在一些实施例中，沿外壳的延伸方向，第一薄弱部与第三薄弱部之间的距离为L 1，留白区的宽度为L 2，满足：L 1≤L 2。使得绝缘件位于第一薄弱部与第三薄弱部之间的部分完全位于留白区内。
在一些实施例中，绝缘件具有开启区，薄弱部沿开启区的边缘设置，开启区覆盖泄压区的至少一部分。在泄压区打开过程中，绝缘件的开启区可以以薄弱部为边界打开，降低了绝缘件对泄压区的影响，能够实现大面积泄压。
在一些实施例中，沿外壳的周向，外壳间隔设置有多个泄压区，一个泄压区对应设置一个开启区。每个开启区都能够在对应泄压区打开过程中打开，使得外壳上的每个泄压区都能够顺利打开。
在一些实施例中，薄弱部包括依次连接的第五薄弱部、第六薄弱部和第七薄弱部，第五薄弱部与第七薄弱部相对设置，第六薄弱部连接第五薄弱部和第七薄弱部，第五薄弱部、第六薄弱部和第七薄弱部共同限定出开启区。这样，开启区能够在第六薄弱部、第五薄弱部和第七薄弱部裂开后以向外翻转的方式打开，打开后的开启区并未与绝缘件的其他部分脱离，降低开启区在泄压区打开过程中发生脱离飞溅的风险。
在一些实施例中，电池单体还包括粘接层，粘接层连接绝缘件和外壳。绝缘件通过粘接层连接于外壳，保证电池单体在正常使用过程中绝缘件不易与外壳脱离。
在一些实施例中，绝缘件具有未设置粘接层的留白区，薄弱部设置于所述留白区，留白区覆盖泄压区的至少一部分。留白区未设置粘接层，泄压区在向外打开过程中，留白区更容易被破坏。
在一些实施例中，留白区完全覆盖泄压区。这样使得泄压区在打开过程中，泄压区的更多部分能够直接作用于留白区，使得留白区更容易被破坏。
在一些实施例中，绝缘件设置有破断线，绝缘件在设置破断线的位置形成薄弱部。绝缘件设置破断线后，实现对绝缘件的局部弱化处理，使得绝缘件在设置破断线的位置较其他区域更容易被破坏，从而形成较其他区域更容易被破坏的薄弱部。通过在绝缘件上设置破断线来形成薄弱部，一方面，能够保证绝缘件在正常使用过程中设置破断线位置具有足够的强度；另一方面，使得绝缘件在泄压区打开过程中能够沿着破断线裂开。
在一些实施例中，破断线包括沿其延伸轨迹间隔设置的多个凹槽，凹槽设置于绝缘件的外表面或内表面。这样，能够保证绝缘件的绝缘性能。
在一些实施例中，破断线包括沿其延伸轨迹间隔设置的多个通孔，通孔贯穿绝缘件的外表面和内表面。这样，使得绝缘件在泄压区打开过程中更容易沿着破断线位置裂开。
在一些实施例中，绝缘件设置有线形槽，绝缘件在设置线形槽的位置形成薄弱部。通过在绝缘件上设置线形槽来形成薄弱部，结构简单。
在一些实施例中，外壳设置有多个泄压区，多个泄压区沿外壳的周向间隔设置。外壳可以通过多个泄压区进行泄压，提高外壳的泄压能力。
在一些实施例中，外壳设置有刻痕槽，刻痕槽沿泄压区的边缘设置。外壳在设置刻痕槽的位置更加薄弱，在外壳的内部压力达到阈值时，泄压区将以刻痕槽为边界打开，实现大面积泄压，提高了泄压效率。
在一些实施例中，刻痕槽包括第一槽段、第二槽段和第三槽段，第一槽段与第三槽段相对设置，第二槽段连接第一槽段和第三槽段，第一槽段、第二槽段和第三槽段共同限定出泄压区。这样，泄压区能够在第二槽段、第一槽段和第三槽段裂开后以向外翻转的方式打开，打开后的泄压区并未与外壳的其他部分脱离，降低泄压区在打开过程中发生脱离飞溅的风险。
在一些实施例中，外壳包括壳体和端盖，壳体具有开口，端盖封闭开口；泄压区形成于壳体，绝缘件沿开口的周向包覆于壳体的周围。
第二方面，本申请实施例提供一种电池，包括第一方面任意一个实施例提供的电池单体。
第三方面，本申请实施例还提供一种用电设备，包括第二方面任意一个实施例提供的电池。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，应当理解，以下附图仅示出了本申请的某些实施例，因此不应被看作是对范围的限定，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他相关的附图。
图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆的结构示意图；
图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池的爆炸图；
图3为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的爆炸图；
图4为图3所示的绝缘件的结构示意图；
图5为本申请一些实施例提供的绝缘件的结构示意图；
图6为本申请又一些实施例提供的绝缘件的结构示意图；
图7为本申请再一些实施例提供的绝缘件的结构示意图；
图8为本申请一些实施例提供的绝缘层与外壳的装配图；
图9为图8所示的A-A剖视图；
图10为图8所示的B-B剖视图；
图11为本申请又一些实施例提供的电池单体的爆炸图；
图12为图11所示的绝缘件的结构示意图；
图13为本申请一些实施例提供的外壳的壳体的结构示意图；
图14为本申请再一些实施例提供的电池单体的爆炸图。
图标：1-外壳；11-壳体；111-泄压区；112-刻痕槽；1121-第一槽段；1122-第二槽段；1123-第三槽段；12-端盖；2-电极组件；3-绝缘件；31-薄弱部；311-第一薄弱部；312-第二薄弱 部；313-第三薄弱部；314-第四薄弱部；315-第五薄弱部；316-第六薄弱部；317-第七薄弱部；32-开启区；33-留白区；4-电极端子；5-集流构件；6-粘接层；10-电池单体；20-箱体；201-第一部分；202-第二部分；100-电池；200-控制器；300-马达；1000-车辆。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
除非另有定义，本申请所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本申请中在申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。本申请的说明书和权利要求书或上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别不同对象，而不是用于描述特定顺序或主次关系。
在本申请中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。
本申请中术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本申请中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请的实施例中，相同的附图标记表示相同的部件，并且为了简洁，在不同实施例中，省略对相同部件的详细说明。应理解，附图示出的本申请实施例中的各种部件的厚度、长宽等尺寸，以及集成装置的整体厚度、长宽等尺寸仅为示例性说明，而不应对本申请构成任何限定。
本申请中出现的“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)。
本申请中，电池单体可以包括锂离子二次电池、锂离子一次电池、锂硫电池、钠锂离子电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。电池单体可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等，本申请实施例对此也不限定。电池单体一般按封装的方式分成三种：柱形电池单体、方形电池单体和软包电池单体，本申请实施例对此也不限定。
本申请的实施例所提到的电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。例如，本申请中所提到的电池可以包括电池模块或电池包等。电池一般包括用于封装一个或多个电池单体的箱体。箱体可以避免液体或其他异物影响电池单体的充电或放电。
电池单体包括电极组件和电解液，电极组件由正极片、负极片和隔离膜组成。电池单体主要依靠金属离子在正极片和负极片之间移动来工作。正极片包括正极集流体和正极活性物质层，正极活性物质层涂覆于正极集流体的表面，未涂敷正极活性物质层的正极集流体凸出于已涂覆正极活性物质层的正极集流体，未涂敷正极活性物质层的正极集流体作为正极耳。以锂离子电池为例，正极集流体的材料可以为铝，正极活性物质可以为钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂、三元锂或锰酸锂等。负极片包括负极集流体和负极活性物质层，负极活性物质层涂覆于负极集流体的表面，未涂敷负极活性物质层的负极集流体凸出于已涂覆负极活性物质层的负极集流体，未涂敷负极活性物质层的负极集流体作为负极耳。负极集流体的材料可以为铜，负极活性物质可以为碳或硅等。为了保证通过大电流而不发生熔断，正极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起，负极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起。隔离膜的材质可以为PP(polypropylene，聚丙烯)或PE(polyethylene，聚乙烯)等。此外，电极组件可以是卷绕式结构，也可以是叠片式结构，本申请实施例并不限于此。
电池技术的发展要同时考虑多方面的设计因素，例如，能量密度、循环寿命、放电容量、充放电倍率等性能参数，另外，还需要考虑电池的安全性。
对于一般的电池单体来说，一般会在外壳上设置泄压区，在电池单体内部压力达到阈值 时，通过泄压区打开来泄放电池单体内部的压力，以提高电池单体的安全性。
为提高电池单体的绝缘性能，一般会在外壳的外侧包覆绝缘件，通过绝缘件来实现电池单体之间的绝缘。发明人注意到，绝缘件包覆外壳的周围后，绝缘件覆盖外壳的泄压区，绝缘件不容易被破坏，增大了电池单体的爆破压力，在电池单体热失控时，泄压区受到绝缘件的影响可能无法及时打开，存在安全隐患。
鉴于此，本申请实施例提供一种电池单体，通过在绝缘件上设置薄弱部，使得绝缘件在薄弱部的位置更容易被破坏，降低了绝缘件对泄压区的影响，保证电池单体的正常爆破压力，使得电池单体能够及时泄压，提高了电池单体的安全性。
本申请实施例描述的技术方案适用于电池以及使用电池的用电设备。
用电设备可以是车辆、手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、轮船、航天器、电动玩具和电动工具等等。车辆可以是燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等；航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等；电动玩具包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等；电动工具包括金属切削电动工具、研磨电动工具、装配电动工具和铁道用电动工具，例如，电钻、电动砂轮机、电动扳手、电动螺丝刀、电锤、冲击电钻、混凝土振动器和电刨等等。本申请实施例对上述用电设备不做特殊限制。
以下实施例为了方便说明，以用电设备为车辆为例进行说明。
请参照图1，图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆1000的结构示意图。车辆1000的内部设置有电池100，电池100可以设置在车辆1000的底部或头部或尾部。电池100可以用于车辆1000的供电，例如，电池100可以作为车辆1000的操作电源。
车辆1000还可以包括控制器200和马达300，控制器200用来控制电池100为马达300供电，例如，用于车辆1000的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在本申请一些实施例中，电池100不仅仅可以作为车辆1000的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1000的驱动电源，代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气为车辆1000提供驱动动力。
请参照图2，图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池100的爆炸图，电池100包括电池单体10和箱体20，箱体20用于容纳电池单体10。
其中，箱体20是容纳电池单体10的部件，箱体20为电池单体10提供容纳空间，箱体20可以采用多种结构。在一些实施例中，箱体20可以包括第一部分201和第二部分202，第一部分201与第二部分202相互盖合，以限定出用于容纳电池单体10的容纳空间。第一部分201和第二部分202可以是多种形状，比如，长方体、圆柱体等。第一部分201可以是一侧开放的空心结构，第二部分202也可以是一侧开放的空心结构，第二部分202的开放侧盖合于第一部分201的开放侧，则形成具有容纳空间的箱体20。也可以是第一部分201为一侧开放的空心结构，第二部分202为板状结构，第二部分202盖合于第一部分201的开放侧，则形成具有容纳空间的箱体20。第一部分201与第二部分202可以通过密封元件来实现密封，密封元件可以是密封圈、密封胶等。
在电池100中，电池单体10可以是一个、也可以是多个。若电池单体10为多个，多个电池单体10之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体10中既有串联又有并联。可以是多个电池单体10先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块，多个电池模块再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体20内。也可以是所有电池单体10之间直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将所有电池单体10构成的整体容纳于箱体20内。
请参照图3，图3为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体10的爆炸图。电池单体10可以包括外壳1、电极组件2和绝缘件3。
外壳1用于容纳电极组件2、电解液以及其他部件，外壳1可以包括壳体11和端盖12，端盖12封闭壳体11的开口，端盖12与壳体11共同限定出密封空间，密封空间用于容纳电极组件2、电解液以及其他部件。
壳体11可以是一端形成开口的空心结构，壳体11可以是相对的两端形成开口的空心结构。壳体11可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。壳体11的材质可以是多种，比如，铜、铁、铝、钢、铝合金等。
端盖12是盖合于壳体11的开口以将电池单体10的内部环境与外部环境隔绝的部件。端盖12的形状可以与壳体11的形状相适配，比如，壳体11为长方体结构，端盖12为与壳体11相适配的矩形板状结构；再如，如图3所示，壳体11为圆柱体结构，端盖12为与壳体11相适配的圆形板状结构。端盖12的材质也可以是多种，比如，铜、铁、铝、钢、铝合金等，端盖12的材质与壳体11的材质可以相同，也可以不同。
在外壳1中，端盖12可以设置一个，也可以设置两个。比如，壳体11为一端开口的空心结构，端盖12可以对应设置一个。再如，如图3所示，壳体11为相对的两端形成开口的空心结构，端盖12可以对应设置两个。
电极组件2是电池单体10中发生电化学反应的部件。电极组件2可以包括正极片、负极片和隔离膜。电极组件2可以是由正极片、隔离膜和负极片通过卷绕形成的卷绕式结构，也可以是由正极片、隔离膜和负极片通过层叠布置形成的叠片式结构。电极组件2具有正极耳和负极耳，正极耳可以是正极片上未涂覆正极活性物质层的部分，负极耳可以是负极片上未涂覆负极活性物质层的部分。
电池单体10中可以是设置电极端子4，电极端子4是电池单体10中用于与外部部件(如汇流部件)连接，以输出电池单体10的电能的部件。电极端子4安装于端盖12。如图3所示，以壳体11为两端开口的空心结构为例，两个端盖12上均可以设置电极端子4，一个端盖12上的电极端子4通过一个集流构件5与电极组件2的正极耳连接，另一个端盖12上的电极端子4通过另一个集流构件5与电极端子4的负极耳连接。
绝缘件3为包覆于外壳1的周围具有绝缘性能的部件，绝缘件3为绝缘材质，比如，塑料、橡胶等，绝缘件3可以是包覆于外壳1的外侧的绝缘膜，比如，蓝膜。具体地，绝缘件3包覆于外壳1的壳体11的外侧。
请继续参照图3，本申请实施例提供一种电池单体10，包括外壳1和绝缘件3。外壳1具有泄压区111，泄压区111用于泄放电池单体10内部的压力。绝缘件3包覆于外壳1的周围，并覆盖泄压区111。其中，绝缘件3具有薄弱部31，薄弱部31被配置为在泄压区111打开时被破坏。
泄压区111为外壳1能够打开以泄电池单体10内部的压力的区域，泄压区111可以形成于外壳1的壳体11。外壳1上的泄压区111可以是一个，也可以是多个。泄压区111可以通过多种方式打开，比如，破裂、脱离、翻转等。泄压区111可以通过多种方式形成，比如，在壳体11上设置槽，可以是槽的槽侧面限定出的区域为泄压区111；也可以是槽沿弯曲的轨迹延伸，槽位于泄压区111的边缘位置，由槽围成泄压区111。
绝缘件3可以包覆于外壳1的壳体11的周围，绝缘件3的形状与壳体11的形状相同。示例性的，在图3中，绝缘件3和壳体11均为圆柱体。绝缘件3可以直接连接于外壳1；绝缘件3也可以间接连接于外壳1，比如，绝缘件3粘接于外壳1。
薄弱部31为绝缘件3被弱化处理的部分，薄弱部31的强度小于绝缘件3其他部分的强度。在泄压区111打开泄压时，薄弱部31较绝缘件3的其他部分更容易被破坏。薄弱部31可以通过多种方式形成，比如，绝缘件3上设置线形槽，绝缘件3在设置线形槽的位置对应形成薄弱部31；再如，绝缘件3上设置刺破线，绝缘件3在设置刺破线的位置对应形成薄弱部31。薄弱部31被破坏的形式有多种，比如，薄弱部31被电池单体10内部的排放物冲破；再如，薄弱部31受到泄压区111打开过程中作用力被破坏。
在本申请实施例中，绝缘件3具有薄弱部31，使得绝缘件3在薄弱部31的位置更容易被破坏，降低了绝缘件3对泄压区111的影响，保证电池单体10的正常爆破压力，使得电池单体10能够及时泄压，提高了电池单体10的安全性。
在一些实施例中，请参照图4，图4为图3所示的绝缘件3的结构示意图。薄弱部31包括第一薄弱部311，第一薄弱部311沿外壳1的周向环绕设置于绝缘件3。
外壳1的周向与绝缘件3的周向一致。可以是在绝缘件3上设置线形槽，以对应形成第一薄弱部311；如图4所示，可以是在绝缘件3上设置刺破线，以对应形成第一薄弱部311。
绝缘件3上可以设置一个第一薄弱部311，也可以设置多个第一薄弱部311。示例性的，结合图3和图4，绝缘件3上设置有两个第一薄弱部311，两个第一薄弱部311沿绝缘件3的轴向间隔设置，外壳1上设置有两组泄压区111，每组泄压区111包括多个泄压区111，多个泄压区111沿外壳1的周向间隔设置于外壳1，每组泄压区111对应设置一个第一薄弱部311。
在泄压区111打开过程中，第一薄弱部311可以沿外壳1的周向裂开，使得绝缘件3能够在第一薄弱部311的位置断开，以降低绝缘件3对泄压区111的影响。
在一些实施例中，请参照图5，图5为本申请一些实施例提供的绝缘件3的结构示意图。薄弱部31包括第二薄弱部312，第二薄弱部312沿外壳1的延伸方向延伸，一个第一薄弱部311对应设置至少一个第二薄弱部312。
外壳1的延伸方向为外壳1的高度方向，以外壳1的壳体11为圆柱体为例，外壳1的延伸方向为外壳1的轴向，也是绝缘件3的轴向。在图5中，Z向为外壳1的延伸方向。第二薄弱部312与第一薄弱部311可以接触，也可以不接触。示例性的，在图5中，第二薄弱部312与第一薄弱部311不接触，沿外壳1的延伸方向，第二薄弱部312与第一薄弱部311间隔设置。第二薄弱部312与第一薄弱部311之间的间距小于5mm。
一个第一薄弱部311可以对应设置一个第二薄弱部312，也可以对应多个第二薄弱部312。可以是在绝缘件3上设置刺破线，以对应形成第二薄弱部312；如图5所示，也可以是在绝缘件3上设置线形槽，以对应形成第二薄弱部312。
绝缘件3不仅可以在第一薄弱部311的位置裂开，还可以在第二薄弱部312的位置裂开，进一步降低绝缘件3对泄压区111的影响。
在一些实施例中，请继续参照图5，一个第一薄弱部311对应设置多个第二薄弱部312，沿外壳1的周向，多个第二薄弱部312间隔设置，外壳1在相邻的两个第二薄弱部312之间对应设置一个泄压区111。
在本实施例中，一个第一薄弱部311对应设置多个第二薄弱部312，多个第二薄弱部312沿着第一薄弱部311的延伸方向间隔设置。多个第二薄弱部312可以沿第一薄弱部311的延伸方向均匀分布。绝缘件3在相邻的两个第二薄弱部312之间形成开启区32，一个开启区32对应一个泄压区111。泄压区111打开过程中，绝缘件3沿着第一薄弱部311和相邻的两个第二薄弱部312裂开，使得开启区32打开。
在本实施例中，绝缘件3具有多个第二薄弱部312，泄压区111在打开过程中，绝缘件3可以在多个第二薄弱部312的位置裂开，使得绝缘件3更容易被破坏。外壳1在相邻的两个第二薄弱部312之间对应设置一个泄压区111，泄压区111打开过程中能够使得绝缘件3位于相邻的两个第二薄弱部312之间的开启区32打开，提高电池单体10泄压的及时性。
在一些实施例中，请参照图6，图6为本申请又一些实施例提供的绝缘件3的结构示意图。薄弱部31包括第三薄弱部313，第三薄弱部313沿外壳1的周向环绕设置于绝缘件3，沿外壳1的延伸方向，第三薄弱部313与第一薄弱部311间隔设置，泄压区111至少部分位于第三薄弱部313与第一薄弱部311之间。
可以是在绝缘件3上设置线形槽，以对应形成第三薄弱部313；如图6所示，也可以是在绝缘件3上设置刺破线，以对应形成第三薄弱部313。
泄压区111可以完全位于第三薄弱部313与第一薄弱部311之间；泄压区111也可以部分位于第三薄弱部313与第一薄弱部311之间，比如，泄压区111的一部分部分位于第三薄弱部313与第一薄弱部311之间，泄压区111的另一部分位于第三薄弱部313背离第一薄弱部311的一侧。
绝缘件3上可以设置一个第三薄弱部313，也可以设置多个。第三薄弱部313与第一薄弱部311一一对应。示例性的，绝缘件3上设置有两个第三薄弱部313，两个第三薄弱部313沿绝缘件3的轴向间隔设置，外壳1上设置有两组泄压区111，每组泄压区111包括多个泄压区111，多个泄压区111沿外壳1的周向间隔设置于外壳1，每组泄压区111与绝缘件3位于第一薄弱部311与第三薄弱部313之间的部分相对应。
在泄压区111打开过程中，第一薄弱部311和第三薄弱部313可以沿外壳1的周向裂开，使得绝缘件3能够在第一薄弱部311和第三薄弱部313的位置断开，使得绝缘件3在第一薄弱部311与第三薄弱部313之间的部分与其他部分脱离，泄压区111在打开过程中更容破坏绝缘件3位于第一薄弱部311与第三薄弱部313之间的部分，以降低绝缘件3对泄压区111的影响。
在一些实施例中，沿外壳1的延伸方向，泄压区111完全位于第三薄弱部313与第一薄弱部311之间。
以外壳1设置有两组泄压区111为例，每组泄压区111中的多个泄压区111完全位于第三薄弱部313与第一薄弱部311之间。可理解的，沿外壳1的延伸方向，第三薄弱部313与第一薄弱部311分别位于每组泄压区111的两侧。
泄压区111打开过程中，泄压区111的更多部分可以直接作用于绝缘件3位于第一薄弱部311与第三薄弱部313之间的部分，使得绝缘件3位于第一薄弱部311与第三薄弱部313之间的部分更容易被破坏。
在一些实施例中，请参照图7，图7再为本申请再一些实施例提供的绝缘件3的结构示意图。薄弱部31还包括第四薄弱部314，第四薄弱部314沿外壳1的延伸方向延伸，沿外壳1的延伸方向，第四薄弱部314至少部分位于第三薄弱部313与第一薄弱部311之间。
第四薄弱部314可以完全位于第三薄弱部313与第一薄弱部311之间；第四薄弱部314也可以部分位于第三薄弱部313与第一薄弱部311之间，比如，沿外壳1的延伸方向，第四薄弱部314的一端位于第三薄弱部313与第一薄弱部311之间，第四薄弱部314的另一端延伸至第三薄弱部313背离第一薄弱部311的一侧，再如，沿外壳1的延伸方向，第四薄弱部314的一端位于第三薄弱部313与第一薄弱部311之间，第四薄弱部314的另一端延伸至第一薄弱部311背离第三薄弱部313的一侧。
第一薄弱部311与第三薄弱部313之间可以对应设置一个第四薄弱部314，也可以对应设置多个第四薄弱部314。可以是在绝缘件3上设置刺破线，以对应形成第四薄弱部314；如图7所示，也可以是在绝缘件3上设置线形槽，以对应形成第四薄弱部314。
绝缘件3上第四薄弱部314的设置，使得绝缘件3位于第一薄弱部311与第三薄弱部313之间的部分能够在第四薄弱部314的位置裂开，使得绝缘件3在第一薄弱部311与第三薄弱部313之间的部分更容易被破坏，进一步降低绝缘件3对泄压区111的影响。
在一些实施例中，请继续参照图7，沿外壳1的延伸方向，第四薄弱部314完全位于第三薄弱部313与第一薄弱部311之间。
第四薄弱部314与第三薄弱部313不接触，且第四薄弱部314与第一薄弱部311不接触，第四薄弱部314的两端分别与第三薄弱部313与第一薄弱部311存在距离。
绝缘件3在第四薄弱部314的位置裂开后，裂纹可以延伸第一薄弱部311和第三薄弱部313，使得绝缘件3能够更容易沿着第一薄弱部311和第三薄弱部313裂开。
在一些实施例中，请继续参照图7，薄弱部31包括多个第四薄弱部314，沿外壳1的周向，多个第四薄弱部314间隔设置，外壳1在相邻的两个第四薄弱部314之间对应设置一个泄压区111。
第一薄弱部311与第三薄弱部313之间对应设置多个第四薄弱部314，多个第四薄弱部314沿着第一薄弱部311和第三薄弱部313的延伸方向间隔设置，多个第四薄弱部314可以均匀分布于第一薄弱部311与第三薄弱部313之间。绝缘件3在相邻的两个第四薄弱部314之间形成开启 区32，一个开启区32对应一个泄压区111。泄压区111打开过程中，绝缘件3沿着第一薄弱部311、第三薄弱部313以及相邻的两个第四薄弱部314裂开，使得开启区32打开。
泄压区111在打开过程中，随着第四薄弱部314、第一薄弱部311和第三薄弱部313的逐渐裂开，最终可以使得绝缘件3位于相邻的两个第四薄弱部314之间的部分实现脱离，使得泄压区111能够更容易打开，并且能够大面积打开，提高泄压及时性。
在一些实施例中，请参照图8-图10，图8为本申请一些实施例提供的绝缘层与外壳1的装配图；图9为图8所示的A-A剖视图；图10为图8所示的B-B剖视图。电池单体10还包括粘接层6，粘接层6连接绝缘件3和外壳1。其中，绝缘件3具有未设置粘接层6的留白区33，第一薄弱部311和第三薄弱部313设置于留白区33。
粘接层6可以是设置于绝缘件3与外壳1的壳体11之间的胶层。留白区33可以是绝缘件3未设置粘接层6的环形区域。绝缘件3的留白区33可以是一个，也可以是多个。示例性的，绝缘件3具有两个留白区33，两个留白区33沿外壳1的延伸方向间隔设置。第一薄弱部311和第三薄弱部313均为两个，一个第一薄弱部311和一个第三薄弱部313设置于一个留白区33，另一个第一薄弱部311和另一个第三薄弱部313设置于另一个留白区33。示例性的，在图8中，沿外壳1的延伸方向，泄压区111完全位于第一薄弱部311与第三薄弱部313之间。
在本实施例中，绝缘件3上可以设置位于第一薄弱部311与第三薄弱部313之间的第四薄弱部314，也可以不设置第四薄弱部314。
绝缘件3通过粘接层6连接于外壳1，保证电池单体10在正常使用过程中绝缘件3不易与外壳1脱离。第一薄弱部311和第三薄弱部313设置于留白区33，降低粘接层6对第一薄弱部311和第三薄弱部313的影响，使得第一薄弱部311和第三薄弱部313更容易裂开。此外，由于留白区33未设置粘接层6，泄压区111在向外打开过程中，绝缘件3位于第一薄弱部311与第三薄弱部313之间的部分更容易被破坏。
在一些实施例中，请继续参照图8，沿外壳1的延伸方向，第一薄弱部311与第三薄弱部313之间的距离为L 1，留白区33的宽度为L 2，满足：L 1≤L 2。使得绝缘件3位于第一薄弱部311与第三薄弱部313之间的部分完全位于留白区33内。
示例性的，在图8中，L 1＜L 2。
在一些实施例中，请参照图11，图11为本申请又一些实施例提供的电池单体10的爆炸图。绝缘件3具有开启区32，薄弱部31沿开启区32的边缘设置，开启区32覆盖泄压区111的至少一部分。
开启区32为绝缘件3能够打开的部分。开启区32的形状与泄压区111的形状可以相同，也可以不同。开启区32可以覆盖泄压区111的一部分，也可以完全覆盖泄压区111。绝缘件3上的开启区32可以是一个，也可以是多个。开启区32可以与泄压区111一一对应，也可以一个开启区32对应设置多个泄压区111。
薄弱部31可以沿封闭轨迹延伸，以限定出封闭的开启区32，比如，薄弱部31沿圆形、椭圆或矩形等轨迹延伸；薄弱部31也可以沿非封闭轨迹延伸，以限定出非封闭的开启区32，比如，薄弱部31沿U形、C形等轨迹延伸。
在泄压区111打开过程中，绝缘件3的开启区32可以以薄弱部31为边界打开，降低了绝缘件3对泄压区111的影响，能够实现大面积泄压。
在一些实施例中，请继续参照图11，沿外壳1的周向，外壳1间隔设置有多个泄压区111，一个泄压区111对应设置一个开启区32。
示例性的，在图11中，外壳1上设置有两组泄压区111，两组泄压区111沿外壳1的延伸方向间隔设置，每组泄压区111包括多个泄压区111，多个泄压区111沿外壳1的周向间隔设置。绝缘件3上设置有两组开启区32，每组开启区32包括多个开启区32，多个开启区32沿外壳1的周向间隔设置，每组开启区32中的开启区32与每组泄压区111中的泄压区111一一对应。
每个开启区32都能够在对应泄压区111打开过程中打开，使得外壳1上的每个泄压区111都能够顺利打开。
在一些实施例中，请参照图12，图12为图11所示的绝缘件3的结构示意图。薄弱部31包括依次连接的第五薄弱部315、第六薄弱部316和第七薄弱部317，第五薄弱部315与第七薄弱部317相对设置，第六薄弱部316连接第五薄弱部315和第七薄弱部317，第五薄弱部315、第六薄弱部316和第七薄弱部317共同限定出开启区32。
第五薄弱部315、第六薄弱部316和第七薄弱部317均可以通过在绝缘件3上设置线形槽或刺破线形成。第五薄弱部315、第六薄弱部316和第七薄弱部317整体沿非封闭轨迹延伸，第五薄弱部315、第六薄弱部316和第七薄弱部317限定出非封闭的开启区32。
示例性的，如图12所示，第五薄弱部315、第六薄弱部316和第七薄弱部317依次连接，并形成U形结构。第五薄弱部315与第七薄弱部317沿外壳1的延伸方向相对设置，第六薄弱部316为圆弧形，第五薄弱部315和第七薄弱部317均与第六薄弱部316相切。
在本实施例中，开启区32能够在第六薄弱部316、第五薄弱部315和第七薄弱部317裂开后以向外翻转的方式打开，打开后的开启区32并未与绝缘件3的其他部分脱离，降低开启区32在泄压区111打开过程中发生脱离飞溅的风险。
在一些实施例中，电池单体10还包括粘接层6，粘接层6连接绝缘件3和外壳1。
粘接层6可以是设置于绝缘件3与外壳1的壳体11之间的胶层。
需要说明的是，在图3-图12所示的任意一个实施例中，绝缘件3和外壳1均可以通过粘接层6相连。
绝缘件3通过粘接层6连接于外壳1，保证电池单体10在正常使用过程中绝缘件3不易与外壳1脱离。
在一些实施例中，绝缘件3具有未设置粘接层6的留白区33，薄弱部31设置于所述留白区33，留白区33覆盖泄压区111的至少一部分。
留白区33可以是绝缘件3未设置粘接层6的环形区域。绝缘件3的留白区33可以是一个，也可以是多个。留白区33可以覆盖泄压区111的一部分，也可以完全覆盖泄压区111。
需要说明的是，在图3-图12所示的任意一个实施例中，绝缘件3均可以具有留白区33。比如，在图3和图4示出的实施例中，第一薄弱部311可以设置于留白区33；在图5示出的实施例中，第一薄弱部311和第二薄弱部312均可以设置于留白区33；在图6示出的实施例中，第一薄弱部311和第三薄弱部313均可以设置于留白区33；在图7示出的实施例中，第一薄弱部311、第三薄弱部313和第四薄弱部314均可以设置于留白区33；在图11-图12示出的实施例中，第五薄弱部315、第六薄弱部316和第七薄弱部317均可以设置于留白区33。
绝缘件3的留白区33未设置粘接层6，泄压区111在向外打开过程中，留白区33更容易被破坏。
在一些实施例中，留白区33完全覆盖泄压区111。
以图8示出的实施例为例，泄压区111完全位于第一薄弱部311和第三薄弱部313之间，第一薄弱部311和第三薄弱部313设置于留白区33，这样，则可实现留白区33完全覆盖泄压区111。
在本实施例中，留白区33完全覆盖泄压区111，泄压区111在打开过程中，泄压区111的更多部分能够直接作用于留白区33，使得留白区33更容易被破坏。
在一些实施例中，绝缘件3设置有破断线，绝缘件3在设置破断线的位置形成薄弱部31。
比如，在图3和图4示出的实施例中，第一薄弱部311可以通过在绝缘件3上设置破断线的方式形成；在图5示出的实施例中，第一薄弱部311和第二薄弱部312均可以通过在绝缘件3上 设置破断线的方式形成；在图6示出的实施例中，第一薄弱部311和第三薄弱部313均可以通过在绝缘件3上设置破断线的方式形成；在图7示出的实施例中，第一薄弱部311、第三薄弱部313和第四薄弱部314均可以通过在绝缘件3上设置破断线的方式形成；在图11-图12示出的实施例中，第五薄弱部315、第六薄弱部316和第七薄弱部317均可以通过在绝缘件3上设置破断线的方式形成。
绝缘件3设置破断线后，实现对绝缘件3的局部弱化处理，使得绝缘件3在设置破断线的位置较其他区域更容易被破坏，从而形成较其他区域更容易被破坏的薄弱部31。通过在绝缘件3上设置破断线来形成薄弱部31，一方面，能够保证绝缘件3在正常使用过程中设置破断线位置具有足够的强度；另一方面，使得绝缘件3在泄压区111打开过程中能够沿着破断线裂开。
在一些实施例中，破断线包括沿其延伸轨迹间隔设置的多个凹槽，凹槽设置于绝缘件3的外表面或内表面。这样，能够保证绝缘件3的绝缘性能。
在一些实施例中，破断线包括沿其延伸轨迹间隔设置的多个通孔，通孔贯穿绝缘件3的外表面和内表面。这样，使得绝缘件3在泄压区111打开过程中更容易沿着破断线位置裂开。
在一些实施例中，绝缘件3设置有线形槽，绝缘件3在设置线形槽的位置形成薄弱部31。
比如，在图3和图4示出的实施例中，第一薄弱部311可以通过在绝缘件3上设置线形槽的方式形成；在图5示出的实施例中，第一薄弱部311和第二薄弱部312均可以通过在绝缘件3上设置线形槽的方式形成；在图6示出的实施例中，第一薄弱部311和第三薄弱部313均可以通过在绝缘件3上设置线形槽的方式形成；在图7示出的实施例中，第一薄弱部311、第三薄弱部313和第四薄弱部314均可以通过在绝缘件3上设置线形槽的方式形成；在图11-图12示出的实施例中，第五薄弱部315、第六薄弱部316和第七薄弱部317均可以通过在绝缘件3上设置线形槽的方式形成。
线形槽可以是多种形状的槽，比如，直线形槽、弯折曲线形槽等。
在本实施例中，通过在绝缘件3上设置线形槽来形成薄弱部31，结构简单。
在一些实施例中，请参照图13，图13为本申请一些实施例提供的外壳1的壳体11的结构示意图。外壳1设置有多个泄压区111，多个泄压区111沿外壳1的周向间隔设置。
泄压区111设置外壳1的壳体11。示例性的，外壳1的壳体11上设置有多组泄压区111，多组泄压区111沿外壳1的延伸方向间隔设置，每组泄压区111包括多个泄压区111，多个泄压区111沿外壳1的周向间隔设置于外壳1。在图13示出的实施例中，外壳1的壳体11设置有两组泄压区111。
外壳1可以通过多个泄压区111进行泄压，提高外壳1的泄压能力。
在一些实施例中，请继续参照图13，外壳1设置有刻痕槽112，刻痕槽112沿泄压区111的边缘设置。
刻痕槽112设置于外壳1的壳体11，刻痕槽112可以设置于壳体11的内表面，也可以设置于壳体11的外表面。刻痕槽112可以沿封闭轨迹延伸，以限定出封闭的泄压区111，比如，刻痕槽112沿圆形、椭圆或矩形等轨迹延伸；刻痕槽112也可以沿非封闭轨迹延伸，以限定出非封闭的泄压区111，比如刻痕槽112沿U形、C形等轨迹延伸。
外壳1在设置刻痕槽112的位置更加薄弱，在外壳1的内部压力达到阈值时，泄压区111将以刻痕槽112为边界打开，实现大面积泄压，提高了泄压效率。
在一些实施例中，请继续参照图13，刻痕槽112包括第一槽段1121、第二槽段1122和第三槽段1123，第一槽段1121与第三槽段1123相对设置，第二槽段1122连接第一槽段1121和第三槽段1123，第一槽段1121、第二槽段1122和第三槽段1123共同限定出泄压区111。
示例性的，第一槽段1121、第二槽段1122和第三槽段1123依次连接，并形成U形结 构。第一槽段1121和第三槽段1123沿外壳1的延伸方向相对设置，第二槽段1122为圆弧形，第一槽段1121和第三槽段1123均与第二槽段1122相切。
泄压区111能够在第二槽段1122、第一槽段1121和第三槽段1123裂开后以向外翻转的方式打开，打开后的泄压区111并未与外壳1的其他部分脱离，降低泄压区111在打开过程中发生脱离飞溅的风险。
在一些实施例中，请参照图14，图14为本申请再一些实施例提供的电池单体10的爆炸图。外壳1包括壳体11和端盖12，壳体11具有开口，端盖12封闭开口。泄压区111形成于壳体11，绝缘件3沿开口的周向包覆于壳体11的周围。
示例性的，壳体11为圆柱体。沿壳体11的轴向，壳体11的两端均设置有开口，即壳体11为相对的两端形成开口的空心结构。外壳1包括两个端盖12，两个端盖12分别封闭壳体11的两个开口。
本申请实施例提供一种电池100，包括上述任意一个实施例提供的电池单体10。
本申请实施例还提供一种用电设备，包括上述任意一个实施例提供的电池100。
此外，请继续参照图14，本申请实施例提供一种圆柱电池100，包括外壳1、电极组件2和绝缘件3，电极组件2设置于外壳1内。外壳1包括壳体11和两个端盖12，壳体11为圆柱体，沿壳体11的轴向，壳体11的两端均形成开口，两个端盖12分别封闭壳体11的两个开口。端盖12上设置有电极端子4，一个端盖12上的电极端子4通过一个集流构件5与电极组件2的正极耳连接，另一个端盖12上的电极端子4通过另一个集流构件5与电极组件2的负极耳连接。
壳体11具有两组泄压区111，两组泄压区111沿壳体11的轴向间隔设置，每组泄压区111包括沿壳体11的周向间隔设置的多个泄压区111。壳体11上设置有刻痕槽112，刻痕槽112沿泄压区111的边缘设置，刻痕槽112限定出泄压区111，刻痕槽112为U形。
绝缘件3包覆于壳体11的周围，绝缘件3具有薄弱部31，薄弱部31被配置为在泄压区111打开时被破坏。一组泄压区111对应设置一组薄弱部31对应。薄弱部31包括第一薄弱部311和第三薄弱部313，第一薄弱部311和第三薄弱部313均沿外壳1的周向环绕设置于绝缘件3，沿壳体11的轴向，第三薄弱部313与第一薄弱部311间隔设置，一组泄压区111中的多个泄压区111设置于第三薄弱部313与第一薄弱部311之间。
绝缘件3通过粘接层6连接于外壳1，绝缘件3具有未设置粘接层6的留白区33(图14未示出)，第一薄弱部311和第三薄弱部313均设置于留白区33。
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
以上实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，并不用于限制本申请，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (27)

  1. 一种电池单体，包括：
    外壳，具有泄压区，所述泄压区用于泄放所述电池单体内部的压力；
    绝缘件，包覆于所述外壳的周围，并覆盖所述泄压区；
    其中，所述绝缘件具有薄弱部，所述薄弱部被配置为在所述泄压区打开时被破坏。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池单体，其中，所述薄弱部包括第一薄弱部，所述第一薄弱部沿所述外壳的周向环绕设置于所述绝缘件。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池单体，其中，所述薄弱部包括第二薄弱部，所述第二薄弱部沿所述外壳的延伸方向延伸，一个所述第一薄弱部对应设置至少一个所述第二薄弱部。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电池单体，其中，一个所述第一薄弱部对应设置多个所述第二薄弱部，沿所述外壳的周向，多个所述第二薄弱部间隔设置，所述外壳在相邻的两个第二薄弱部之间对应设置一个所述泄压区。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的电池单体，其中，所述薄弱部包括第三薄弱部，所述第三薄弱部沿所述外壳的周向环绕设置于所述绝缘件，沿所述外壳的延伸方向，所述第三薄弱部与所述第一薄弱部间隔设置，所述泄压区至少部分位于所述第三薄弱部与所述第一薄弱部之间。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电池单体，其中，沿所述外壳的延伸方向，所述泄压区完全位于所述第三薄弱部与所述第一薄弱部之间。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的电池单体，其中，所述薄弱部还包括第四薄弱部，所述第四薄弱部沿所述外壳的延伸方向延伸，沿所述外壳的延伸方向，所述第四薄弱部至少部分位于所述第三薄弱部与所述第一薄弱部之间。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电池单体，其中，沿所述外壳的延伸方向，所述第四薄弱部完全位于所述第三薄弱部与所述第一薄弱部之间。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的电池单体，其中，所述薄弱部包括多个所述第四薄弱部，沿所述外壳的周向，多个所述第四薄弱部间隔设置，所述外壳在相邻的两个所述第四薄弱部之间对应设置一个所述泄压区。
  10. 根据权利要求5-9中任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述电池单体还包括粘接层，所述粘接层连接所述绝缘件和所述外壳；
    其中，所述绝缘件具有未设置所述粘接层的留白区，所述第一薄弱部和所述第三薄弱部均设置于所述留白区。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的电池单体，其中，沿所述外壳的延伸方向，所述第一薄弱部与所述第三薄弱部之间的距离为L 1，所述留白区的宽度为L 2，满足：L 1≤L 2。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的电池单体，其中，所述绝缘件具有开启区，所述薄弱部沿所述开启区的边缘设置，所述开启区覆盖所述泄压区的至少一部分。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的电池单体，其中，沿所述外壳的周向，所述外壳间隔设置有多个所述泄压区，一个所述泄压区对应设置一个所述开启区。
  14. 根据权利要求12所述的电池单体，其中，所述薄弱部包括依次连接的第五薄弱部、第六薄弱部和第七薄弱部，所述第五薄弱部与所述第七薄弱部相对设置，所述第六薄弱部连接所述第五薄弱部和所述第七薄弱部，所述第五薄弱部、所述第六薄弱部和所述第七薄弱部共同限定出所述开启区。
  15. 根据权利要求1-9及12-14中任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述电池单体还包括粘接层，所述粘接层连接所述绝缘件和所述外壳。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的电池单体，其中，所述绝缘件具有未设置所述粘接层的留白区，所述薄弱部设置于所述留白区，所述留白区覆盖所述泄压区的至少一部分。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的电池单体，其中，所述留白区完全覆盖所述泄压区。
  18. 根据权利要求1-17中任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述绝缘件设置有破断线，所述绝缘件在设置所述破断线的位置形成所述薄弱部。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的电池单体，其中，所述破断线包括沿其延伸轨迹间隔设置的多个凹槽，所述凹槽设置于所述绝缘件的外表面或内表面。
  20. 根据权利要求18所述的电池单体，其中，所述破断线包括沿其延伸轨迹间隔设置的多个通孔，所述通孔贯穿所述绝缘件的外表面和内表面。
  21. 根据权利要求1-17中任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述绝缘件设置有线形槽，所述绝缘件在设置所述线形槽的位置形成所述薄弱部。
  22. 根据权利要求1-21中任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述外壳设置有多个所述泄压区，多个所述泄压区沿所述外壳的周向间隔设置。
  23. 根据权利要求1-22中任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述外壳设置有刻痕槽，所述刻痕槽沿所述泄压区的边缘设置。
  24. 根据权利要求23所述的电池单体，其中，所述刻痕槽包括第一槽段、第二槽段和第三槽段，所述第一槽段与所述第三槽段相对设置，所述第二槽段连接所述第一槽段和所述第三槽段，所述第一槽段、所述第二槽段和所述第三槽段共同限定出所述泄压区。
  25. 根据权利要求1-24中任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述外壳包括壳体和端盖，所述壳体具有开口，所述端盖封闭所述开口；
    所述泄压区形成于所述壳体，所述绝缘件沿所述开口的周向包覆于所述壳体的周围。
  26. 一种电池，包括如权利要求1-25中任一项所述的电池单体。
  27. 一种用电设备，包括如权利要求26所述的电池。
PCT/CN2022/143536 2022-10-24 2022-12-29 电池单体、电池及用电设备 WO2024087381A1 (zh)

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