WO2024077630A1 - 电池单体、电池及用电设备 - Google Patents

电池单体、电池及用电设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024077630A1
WO2024077630A1 PCT/CN2022/125515 CN2022125515W WO2024077630A1 WO 2024077630 A1 WO2024077630 A1 WO 2024077630A1 CN 2022125515 W CN2022125515 W CN 2022125515W WO 2024077630 A1 WO2024077630 A1 WO 2024077630A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
current collecting
collecting member
battery cell
wall portion
electrode terminal
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/125515
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈圣旺
郭志君
王鹏
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
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Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2022/125515 priority Critical patent/WO2024077630A1/zh
Publication of WO2024077630A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024077630A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/502—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
    • H01M50/503—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing characterised by the shape of the interconnectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/107—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/584—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries
    • H01M50/586—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries inside the batteries, e.g. incorrect connections of electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/584—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries
    • H01M50/59—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries characterised by the protection means

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a battery cell, a battery and an electrical device.
  • Batteries are widely used in electronic devices, such as mobile phones, laptops, electric vehicles, electric cars, electric airplanes, electric boats, electric toy cars, electric toy boats, electric toy airplanes and power tools, etc.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide a battery cell, a battery and an electrical device, which can effectively improve the safety of the battery cell.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a battery cell, comprising a shell, an electrode terminal, an electrode assembly, a current collecting member and an insulating member;
  • the shell has a wall portion;
  • the electrode terminal is arranged on the wall portion;
  • the electrode assembly is arranged in the shell, and the electrode assembly has a first pole ear;
  • the current collecting member connects the first pole ear and the electrode terminal;
  • the insulating member is arranged between the current collecting member and the wall portion, and the insulating member is used to insulate and isolate the current collecting member and the wall portion; wherein, along the thickness direction of the wall portion, the insulating member has a first surface facing and closest to the current collecting member, and the projection of the outer edge of the current collecting member is located within the first surface.
  • the projection of the outer edge of the current collecting component is located within the first surface.
  • the first surface can limit the current collecting component, reduce the deformation of the current collecting component in the direction close to the wall, and reduce the risk of misalignment of the positive and negative electrodes of the electrode assembly due to excessive deformation of the current collecting component, thereby effectively improving the safety of the battery cell.
  • the diameter of the outer edge of the current collecting member is R 1
  • the outer diameter of the first surface is R 2 , satisfying: R 2 ⁇ R 1 . This makes it easier to achieve that the projection of the outer edge of the current collecting member is located within the first surface, so that the first surface can play a good limiting role on the current collecting member and reduce deformation of the current collecting member.
  • the current collecting member has a second surface facing and closest to the first surface, the electrode terminal protrudes from the second surface, the area of the overlapping area of the projection of the first surface and the projection of the second surface is S 1 , and the area of the second surface is S 2 , which satisfies: 0.25 ⁇ S 1 /S 2 ⁇ 0.8.
  • the first surface is configured to abut against the current collecting member when the current collecting member deforms toward the wall portion.
  • the first surface can be abutted against by the current collecting member, thereby limiting further deformation of the current collecting member, so as to reduce deformation of the current collecting member.
  • the electrode terminal has a third surface facing and closest to the current collecting member, the third surface is used to abut against the current collecting member, and the third surface is closer to the current collecting member than the first surface. Since the third surface is closer to the current collecting member than the first surface, the third surface of the electrode terminal can contact the current collecting member, reducing the risk that the third surface of the electrode terminal cannot contact the current collecting member due to interference between the current collecting member and the insulating member.
  • the current collecting member has a second surface facing and closest to the first surface, the electrode terminal protrudes from the second surface, and the distance between the second surface and the first surface is D, which satisfies: 0 ⁇ D ⁇ 0.5mm. If D>0.5mm, the distance between the first surface and the second surface is large, and the space between the first surface and the second surface that allows the current collecting member to deform in the direction close to the wall is large, so that the current collecting member deforms more in the direction close to the wall.
  • the distance between the first surface and the second surface is large, so that a large gap is formed between the current collecting member and the insulating member, which reduces the size of the electrode assembly in the thickness direction and affects the energy density of the battery cell. Therefore, 0 ⁇ D ⁇ 0.5mm, reducing the distance between the first surface and the second surface, so that the current collecting member can be abutted against the first surface when a small deformation occurs in the direction close to the wall, so as to limit the further deformation of the current collecting member, reduce the deformation of the current collecting member, and make the internal structure of the battery cell more compact, improve the utilization rate of the internal space of the battery cell, which is conducive to improving the energy density of the battery cell.
  • the electrode terminal includes a body, a first limiting portion, and a second limiting portion; along the thickness direction, the first limiting portion and the second limiting portion are respectively connected to the two ends of the body, the first limiting portion abuts against the current collecting member, the body passes through the wall, and the wall is at least partially located between the first limiting portion and the second limiting portion to limit the movement of the electrode terminal relative to the wall; wherein the first surface is arranged around the first limiting portion.
  • the first surface can limit the portion of the current collecting member located around the first limiting portion, and when the central area of the current collecting member is subjected to the squeezing force of the first limiting portion, the portion of the current collecting member located around the first limiting portion is deformed in a direction close to the wall, and the first surface can be abutted by the portion of the current collecting member located around the first limiting portion to reduce the deformation of the portion of the current collecting member located around the first limiting portion in a direction close to the wall.
  • the insulating member is provided with a recessed portion, which is recessed from the first surface in a direction away from the current collecting member, and at least a portion of the first limit portion is accommodated in the recessed portion.
  • the provision of the recessed portion on the insulating member can, on the one hand, reduce the overall size of the insulating member and the first limit portion in the thickness direction, making the internal structure of the battery cell more compact, improving the utilization rate of the internal space of the battery cell, and facilitating the improvement of the energy density of the battery cell; on the other hand, it can reduce the thickness of the portion of the first limit portion protruding from the first surface, reduce the distance between the current collecting member and the first surface, and enable the first surface to better limit the deformation of the current collecting member.
  • the surface of the first limiting portion away from the second limiting portion is the third surface
  • the third surface is against the current collecting member
  • the third surface is closer to the current collecting member than the first surface.
  • the first electrode tab is welded to the current collecting member; and/or the electrode terminal is welded to the current collecting member.
  • the first electrode tab is welded to the current collecting member, which can ensure the firmness of the first electrode tab and the current collecting member after being connected, and achieve stable flow of the first electrode tab and the current collecting member;
  • the electrode terminal is welded to the current collecting member, which can ensure the firmness of the electrode terminal and the current collecting member after being connected, and achieve stable flow of the electrode terminal and the current collecting member.
  • the housing includes a shell and an end cap;
  • the shell includes an integrally formed side wall and a wall portion, the side wall is arranged around the wall portion, along the thickness direction, the wall portion is arranged at one end of the side wall, the other end of the side wall forms an opening, and the end cap closes the opening.
  • the electrode terminal is arranged on the wall portion integrally formed with the side wall of the shell, and when the battery cell is subjected to the force of external components, it is not easy to cause the wall portion to separate from the side wall.
  • the housing includes a shell and an end cap; along the thickness direction, one end of the shell forms an opening, the end cap closes the opening, and the end cap is a wall.
  • the electrode terminal is arranged on the end cap to improve the assembly efficiency of the battery cell.
  • the housing is a cylindrical housing, which is suitable for cylindrical battery cells.
  • a battery comprises a battery cell provided by any one embodiment of the first aspect.
  • an electrical device comprises a battery provided by any one embodiment of the second aspect.
  • FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG2 is an exploded view of a battery provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG3 is an exploded view of a battery cell provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the battery cell shown in FIG3 ;
  • FIG5 is a partial view of the battery cell shown in FIG4 ;
  • FIG6 is a bottom view of the current collecting member and the insulating member shown in FIG5 ;
  • FIG7 is a diagram showing the positional relationship between the current collecting member and the insulating member shown in FIG5 ;
  • FIG8 is a partial enlarged view of the battery cell A shown in FIG5;
  • FIG9 is a schematic structural diagram of the electrode terminal shown in FIG5 ;
  • FIG10 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery cell provided in some other embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG11 is a partial view of the battery cell shown in FIG10 ;
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery cell provided in yet another embodiment of the present application.
  • Icons 1-shell; 11-shell; 111-wall; 112-side wall; 12-end cap; 2-electrode assembly; 21-first pole ear; 22-second pole ear; 3-electrode terminal; 31-third surface; 32-main body; 33-first limiting portion; 34-second limiting portion; 35-step hole; 36-injection hole; 4-collecting member; 41-outer edge; 42-second surface; 5-insulating member; 51-first surface; 511-edge line; 52-first through hole; 53-recess; 6-seal; 7-blocking member; 10-battery cell; 20-casing; 201-first part; 202-second part; 100-battery; 200-controller; 300-motor; 1000-vehicle; C-overlapping area; Z-thickness direction.
  • a and/or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone.
  • the character "/" in this application generally indicates that the associated objects before and after are in an "or" relationship.
  • battery cells may include lithium-ion secondary batteries, lithium-ion primary batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, sodium-lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries or magnesium-ion batteries, etc., and the embodiments of the present application do not limit this.
  • Battery cells may be cylindrical, flat, rectangular or other shapes, etc., and the embodiments of the present application do not limit this. Battery cells are generally divided into three types according to the packaging method: cylindrical battery cells, square battery cells and soft-pack battery cells, and the embodiments of the present application do not limit this.
  • the battery mentioned in the embodiments of the present application refers to a single physical module including one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the battery mentioned in the present application may include a battery module or a battery pack.
  • the battery generally includes a box for encapsulating one or more battery cells. The box can prevent liquid or other foreign matter from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells.
  • the battery cell includes an electrode assembly and an electrolyte.
  • the electrode assembly is composed of a positive electrode sheet, a negative electrode sheet and a separator.
  • the battery cell mainly relies on the movement of metal ions between the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet to work.
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode collector and a positive electrode active material layer.
  • the positive electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive electrode collector.
  • the positive electrode collector not coated with the positive electrode active material layer protrudes from the positive electrode collector coated with the positive electrode active material layer.
  • the positive electrode collector not coated with the positive electrode active material layer serves as a positive electrode ear.
  • the material of the positive electrode collector can be aluminum, and the positive electrode active material can be lithium cobalt oxide, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium or lithium manganese oxide.
  • the negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode collector and a negative electrode active material layer.
  • the negative electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the negative electrode collector.
  • the negative electrode collector not coated with the negative electrode active material layer protrudes from the negative electrode collector coated with the negative electrode active material layer.
  • the negative electrode collector not coated with the negative electrode active material layer serves as a negative electrode ear.
  • the material of the negative electrode collector can be copper, and the negative electrode active material can be carbon or silicon.
  • the number of positive pole ears is multiple and stacked together, and the number of negative pole ears is multiple and stacked together.
  • the material of the isolation film can be PP (polypropylene) or PE (polyethylene).
  • the electrode assembly can be a winding structure or a laminated structure, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto.
  • the current collecting components may be significantly deformed after being subjected to the force of the electrode terminals.
  • the deformation of the current collecting components will move the pole ears connected to the current collecting components, causing the positive and negative electrodes of the electrode assembly to be misaligned, which may easily lead to the risk of internal short circuit in the battery cell, affecting the safety of the battery cell.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a battery cell, wherein an insulating member is disposed between a current collecting member and a wall portion of a housing, the insulating member having a first surface facing the current collecting member, and a projection of an outer edge of the current collecting member is located within the first surface.
  • the projection of the outer edge of the current collecting component is located within the first surface, so that the first surface can limit the warping of the current collecting component in the direction close to the wall portion, reduce the deformation of the current collecting component, and reduce the risk of misalignment of the positive and negative electrodes of the electrode assembly due to deformation of the current collecting component, thereby effectively improving the safety of the battery cell.
  • the battery cells described in the embodiments of the present application are suitable for batteries and electrical equipment using the batteries.
  • Electrical equipment may be vehicles, mobile phones, portable devices, laptops, ships, spacecraft, electric toys, and electric tools, etc.
  • Vehicles may be fuel vehicles, gas vehicles, or new energy vehicles, and new energy vehicles may be pure electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles, or extended-range vehicles, etc.
  • spacecraft include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, and spacecraft, etc.
  • electric toys include fixed or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric ship toys, and electric airplane toys, etc.
  • electric tools include metal cutting electric tools, grinding electric tools, assembly electric tools, and railway electric tools, such as electric drills, electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators, and electric planers, etc.
  • the embodiments of the present application do not impose any special restrictions on the above-mentioned electrical equipment.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle 1000 provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • a battery 100 is disposed inside the vehicle 1000, and the battery 100 can be disposed at the bottom, head, or tail of the vehicle 1000.
  • the battery 100 can be used to power the vehicle 1000, for example, the battery 100 can be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000.
  • the vehicle 1000 may further include a controller 200 and a motor 300 , wherein the controller 200 is used to control the battery 100 to supply power to the motor 300 , for example, to meet the power requirements of starting, navigating, and driving the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 can not only serve as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000, but also serve as a driving power source for the vehicle 1000, replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1000.
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded view of a battery 100 provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery 100 includes a battery cell 10 and a box 20 , wherein the box 20 is used to accommodate the battery cell 10 .
  • the box body 20 is a component for accommodating the battery cell 10, and the box body 20 provides a storage space for the battery cell 10.
  • the box body 20 can adopt a variety of structures.
  • the box body 20 may include a first part 201 and a second part 202, and the first part 201 and the second part 202 cover each other to define a storage space for accommodating the battery cell 10.
  • the first part 201 and the second part 202 may be in a variety of shapes, such as a cuboid, a cylinder, etc.
  • the first part 201 may be a hollow structure with one side open
  • the second part 202 may also be a hollow structure with one side open
  • the open side of the second part 202 covers the open side of the first part 201, so as to form a box body 20 with a storage space.
  • the first part 201 is a hollow structure with one side open
  • the second part 202 is a plate-like structure
  • the second part 202 covers the open side of the first part 201, so as to form a box body 20 with a storage space.
  • the first part 201 and the second part 202 may be sealed by a sealing element, and the sealing element may be a sealing ring, a sealant, etc.
  • the battery 100 there may be one or more battery cells 10. If there are more than one battery cell 10, the battery cells 10 may be connected in series, in parallel, or in a mixed connection.
  • a mixed connection means that the battery cells 10 are connected in series and in parallel.
  • the battery modules may be connected in series, in parallel, or in a mixed connection to form a battery module, and the battery modules may be connected in series, in parallel, or in a mixed connection to form a whole, and accommodated in the box 20. All the battery cells 10 may also be directly connected in series, in parallel, or in a mixed connection, and then the whole formed by all the battery cells 10 is accommodated in the box 20.
  • the battery 100 may further include a busbar, through which multiple battery cells 10 may be electrically connected to each other, so as to realize series connection, parallel connection or mixed connection of multiple battery cells 10.
  • the busbar may be a metal conductor, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, etc.
  • Figure 3 is an exploded view of a battery cell 10 provided in some embodiments of the present application
  • Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the battery cell 10 shown in Figure 3.
  • the battery cell 10 may include a housing 1, an electrode assembly 2, an electrode terminal 3 and a current collecting member 4.
  • the outer shell 1 is used to accommodate the electrode assembly 2, electrolyte and other components.
  • the outer shell 1 may include a shell 11 and an end cover 12.
  • the end cover 12 covers the opening of the shell 11.
  • the end cover 12 and the shell 11 together define a space for accommodating the electrode assembly 2, electrolyte and other components.
  • the housing 11 may be a hollow structure with an opening at one end, or a hollow structure with openings at opposite ends.
  • the housing 11 may be in various shapes, such as a cylinder, a cuboid, etc.
  • the housing 11 may be made of various materials, such as copper, iron, aluminum, steel, aluminum alloy, etc.
  • the end cap 12 is a component that covers the opening of the shell 11 to isolate the internal environment of the battery cell 10 from the external environment.
  • the shape of the end cap 12 can be adapted to the shape of the shell 11.
  • the shell 11 is a rectangular parallelepiped structure
  • the end cap 12 is a rectangular plate structure adapted to the shell 11; for another example, as shown in Figures 3 and 4, the shell 11 is a cylindrical structure, and the end cap 12 is a circular plate structure adapted to the shell 11.
  • the material of the end cap 12 can also be a variety of materials, such as copper, iron, aluminum, steel, aluminum alloy, etc.
  • the material of the end cap 12 can be the same as or different from the material of the shell 11.
  • one or two end caps 12 may be provided.
  • the housing 11 is a hollow structure with openings formed at two opposite ends, two end caps 12 may be provided correspondingly, and the two end caps 12 respectively close the two openings of the housing 11; for another example, as shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, if the housing 11 is a hollow structure with an opening at one end, one end cap 12 may be provided correspondingly, and one end cap 12 closes one opening of the housing 11.
  • the electrode assembly 2 is a component in the battery cell 10 where an electrochemical reaction occurs.
  • the electrode assembly 2 may include a positive electrode sheet, a negative electrode sheet, and a separator.
  • the electrode assembly 2 may be a wound structure formed by winding a positive electrode sheet, a separator, and a negative electrode sheet, or a laminated structure formed by stacking a positive electrode sheet, a separator, and a negative electrode sheet.
  • the electrode assembly 2 has a first pole ear 21 and a second pole ear 22 with opposite polarities, one of the first pole ear 21 and the second pole ear 22 being a positive pole ear and the other being a negative pole ear.
  • the positive pole ear may be a portion of the positive electrode sheet that is not coated with a positive electrode active material layer
  • the negative pole ear may be a portion of the negative electrode sheet that is not coated with a negative electrode active material layer.
  • the electrode terminal 3 is a component in the battery cell 10 used to connect with an external component (such as a busbar component) to output the electrical energy of the battery cell 10.
  • the electrode terminal 3 can be provided on the housing 11 or on the end cap 12. As shown in FIG4 , taking the housing 11 as a hollow structure with one end open as an example, the electrode terminal 3 is provided on the wall opposite to the housing 11 and the end cap 12, and the electrode terminal 3 is electrically connected to the first pole tab 21, and the end cap 12 is electrically connected to the second pole tab 22.
  • the current collecting member 4 is a conductor, and the current collecting member 4 can be made of copper, iron, aluminum, steel, or aluminum alloy, and can be a disc structure disposed in the housing 1.
  • the electrode terminal 3 is connected to the first electrode tab 21 through a current collecting member 4, and the end cap 12 is connected to the second electrode tab 22 through another current collecting member 4.
  • FIG. 5 is a partial view of the battery cell 10 shown in FIG. 4 .
  • An embodiment of the present application provides a battery cell 10, which includes a housing 1, an electrode assembly 2, an electrode terminal 3, a current collecting member 4 and an insulating member 5.
  • the housing 1 has a wall portion 111, and the electrode terminal 3 is disposed on the wall portion 111.
  • the electrode assembly 2 is disposed in the housing 1, and the electrode assembly 2 has a first pole ear 21.
  • the current collecting member 4 connects the first pole ear 21 and the electrode terminal 3.
  • the insulating member 5 is disposed between the current collecting member 4 and the wall portion 111, and the insulating member 5 is used to insulate and isolate the current collecting member 4 and the wall portion 111.
  • the insulating member 5 along the thickness direction Z of the wall portion 111, the insulating member 5 has a first surface 51 facing and closest to the current collecting member 4, and the projection of the outer edge 41 of the current collecting member 4 is located within the first surface 51.
  • the wall portion 111 may be the end cover 12 in the housing 1 ; the wall portion 111 may also be a wall in the shell 11 of the housing 1 , for example, the wall portion 111 in the shell 11 of the housing 1 opposite to the end cover 12 .
  • the first electrode tab 21 of the electrode assembly 2 can be a positive electrode tab or a negative electrode tab.
  • the electrode tab in the electrode assembly 2 that is electrically connected to the electrode terminal 3 can be a positive electrode tab or a negative electrode tab.
  • the current collecting member 4 connects the first electrode tab 21 and the electrode terminal 3 to realize the electrical connection between the electrode terminal 3 and the first electrode tab 21.
  • the insulating member 5 is disposed between the current collecting member 4 and the wall portion 111, and the insulating member 5 not only realizes insulation between the current collecting member 4 and the wall portion 111, but also limits deformation of the current collecting member 4.
  • the insulating member 5 is made of insulating material, such as rubber, plastic, and the like.
  • the first surface 51 is the surface of the insulating member 5 facing the current collecting member 4 along the thickness direction Z, and is also the surface of the insulating member 5 closest to the current collecting member 4 along the thickness direction Z.
  • the first surface 51 may be a plane perpendicular to the thickness direction Z.
  • the current collecting member 4 may abut against the first surface 51, or may be provided with a gap therebetween.
  • the outer edge 41 of the current collecting member 4 is the edge of the current collecting member 4 that is farthest from the center line and surrounds the center line. Taking the current collecting member 4 as a disc structure as an example, the edge of the surface of the current collecting member 4 facing the first surface 51 may be the outer edge 41 of the current collecting member 4.
  • the projection of the outer edge 41 of the current collecting member 4 along the thickness direction Z is a closed curve in the first surface 51 , which may be at a distance from the edge line 511 of the first surface 51 , or may partially or completely coincide with the edge line 511 of the first surface 51 (not shown in FIG. 5 ).
  • the projection of the outer edge 41 of the current collecting component 4 is located within the first surface 51.
  • the first surface 51 can limit the current collecting component 4, reduce the deformation of the current collecting component 4 in the direction close to the wall portion 111, and reduce the risk of misalignment of the positive and negative electrodes of the electrode assembly 2 due to excessive deformation of the current collecting component 4, thereby effectively improving the safety of the battery cell 10.
  • Figure 6 is a bottom view of the current collecting member 4 and the insulating member 5 shown in Figure 5.
  • the diameter of the outer edge 41 of the current collecting member 4 is R1
  • the outer diameter of the first surface 51 is R2 , satisfying: R2 ⁇ R1 .
  • the edge line 511 of the first surface 51 is circular, and the diameter of the edge line 511 of the first surface 51 is the outer diameter of the first surface 51.
  • the current collecting member 4 is disc-shaped, and the outer edge 41 of the current collecting member 4 is circular, and the diameter of the outer edge 41 of the current collecting member 4 is the outer diameter of the current collecting member 4.
  • the current collecting member 4 and the insulating member 5 may be coaxially arranged, and the projection of the outer edge 41 of the current collecting member 4 along the thickness direction Z coincides with the edge line 511 of the first surface 51 , so that the projection of the outer edge 41 of the current collecting member 4 along the thickness direction Z is located inside the first surface 51 ; as shown in FIG6 , if R 2 >R 1 , the current collecting member 4 and the insulating member 5 may be coaxially arranged, so that the projection of the outer edge 41 of the current collecting member 4 along the thickness direction Z is concentric with the edge line 511 of the first surface 51 and there is a distance between them, so that the projection of the outer edge 41 of the current collecting member 4 along the thickness direction Z is located inside the first surface 51 .
  • R 2 ⁇ R 1 which can more easily achieve that the projection of the outer edge 41 of the current collecting member 4 is located within the first surface 51 , so that the first surface 51 can effectively limit the current collecting member 4 and reduce deformation of the current collecting member 4 .
  • FIG. 7 is a positional relationship diagram of the current collecting member 4 and the insulating member 5 shown in FIG. 5 .
  • the current collecting member 4 has a second surface 42 facing and closest to the first surface 51 , the electrode terminal 3 protrudes from the second surface 42 , the area of the overlapping region C of the projection of the first surface 51 and the projection of the second surface 42 is S 1 , the area of the second surface 42 is S 2 , and 0.25 ⁇ S 1 /S 2 ⁇ 0.8 is satisfied.
  • S 1 /S 2 may be 0.25, 0.3, 0.35, 0.4, 0.45, 0.5, 0.55, 0.6, 0.65, 0.7, 0.75, 0.8, etc.
  • the shaded area in FIG6 is the overlapping area C.
  • the second surface 42 is the surface of the current collecting member 4 facing the first surface 51 along the thickness direction Z, and is also the surface of the current collecting member 4 closest to the first surface 51 along the thickness direction Z.
  • the second surface 42 may be a plane perpendicular to the thickness direction Z.
  • the second surface 42 and the first surface 51 may be spaced apart or in contact with each other.
  • the electrode terminal 3 protrudes from the second surface 42.
  • the electrode terminal 3 may be partially protruding from the second surface 42.
  • the second surface 42 is provided with a groove, a part of the electrode terminal 3 is accommodated in the groove, and the other part of the electrode terminal 3 protrudes from the second surface 42.
  • the electrode terminal 3 may be protruding from the second surface 42 as a whole. For example, as shown in FIG. 5 , the electrode terminal 3 abuts against the second surface 42.
  • the outer edge 41 of the current collecting member 4 is lifted to a greater extent, and the deformation of the area of the outer edge 41 of the current collecting member 4 is increased, resulting in an increased risk of misalignment of the positive and negative electrodes of the electrode assembly 2.
  • S 1 /S 2 can be 0.4, 0.42, 0.45, 0.47, 0.5, 0.52, 0.55, 0.57, 0.6, etc.
  • the first surface 51 is configured to abut against the current collecting member 4 when the current collecting member 4 is deformed in a direction close to the wall portion 111 .
  • the current collecting component 4 may be provided with a gap between it and the first surface 51 along the thickness direction Z, or the current collecting component 4 may be against the first surface 51 along the thickness direction Z.
  • the portion of the current collecting component 4 located around the electrode terminal 3 is deformed toward the wall portion 111, and the first surface 51 can be used for the current collecting component 4 to abut against, thereby limiting further deformation of the current collecting component 4, so as to achieve the purpose of reducing the deformation of the current collecting component 4.
  • FIG8 is a partial enlarged view of the battery cell 10 at A shown in FIG5 .
  • the electrode terminal 3 has a third surface 31 facing and closest to the current collecting member 4 , the third surface 31 is used to abut against the current collecting member 4 , and the third surface 31 is closer to the current collecting member 4 than the first surface 51 .
  • the third surface 31 is the surface of the electrode terminal 3 facing the current collecting member 4 along the thickness direction Z, and is also the surface of the electrode terminal 3 closest to the current collecting member 4 along the thickness direction Z.
  • the third surface 31 may be a plane perpendicular to the thickness direction Z. Exemplarily, the third surface 31 abuts against the second surface 42 of the current collecting member 4 facing and closest to the first surface 51.
  • the third surface 31 is closer to the current collecting component 4 than the first surface 51 , the third surface 31 of the electrode terminal 3 can contact the current collecting component 4 , reducing the risk of the third surface 31 of the electrode terminal 3 failing to contact the current collecting component 4 due to interference between the current collecting component 4 and the insulating member 5 .
  • the current collecting member 4 has a second surface 42 facing and closest to the first surface 51, the electrode terminal 3 protrudes from the second surface 42, and the distance between the second surface 42 and the first surface 51 is D, satisfying: 0 ⁇ D ⁇ 0.5mm.
  • the distance between the first surface 51 and the second surface 42 is large, and the space between the first surface 51 and the second surface 42 that allows the current collecting member 4 to deform toward the wall portion 111 is large, so that the current collecting member 4 deforms more toward the wall portion 111.
  • the distance between the first surface 51 and the second surface 42 is large, so that a large gap is formed between the current collecting member 4 and the insulating member 5, which reduces the size of the electrode assembly 2 in the thickness direction Z, affecting the energy density of the battery cell 10.
  • 0 ⁇ D ⁇ 0.5mm reducing the distance between the first surface 51 and the second surface 42, so that the current collecting member 4 can be abutted against the first surface 51 by a small deformation in the direction close to the wall portion 111, so as to limit further deformation of the current collecting member 4, reduce the deformation of the current collecting member 4, and make the internal structure of the battery cell 10 more compact, thereby improving the utilization rate of the internal space of the battery cell 10, which is beneficial to improving the energy density of the battery cell 10.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electrode terminal 3 shown in FIG. 5.
  • the electrode terminal 3 includes a body portion 32, a first limit portion 33, and a second limit portion 34.
  • the first limit portion 33 and the second limit portion 34 are respectively connected to the two ends of the body portion 32, the first limit portion 33 abuts against the current collecting member 4, the body portion 32 passes through the wall portion 111, and the wall portion 111 is at least partially located between the first limit portion 33 and the second limit portion 34 to limit the movement of the electrode terminal 3 relative to the wall portion 111.
  • the first surface 51 is arranged around the first limit portion 33.
  • the main body 32, the first position-limiting portion 33 and the second position-limiting portion 34 may be an integrally formed structure.
  • the main body 32, the first position-limiting portion 33 and the second position-limiting portion 34 form a riveted structure riveted to the wall portion 111.
  • the main body 32, the first position-limiting portion 33 and the second position-limiting portion 34 may be coaxially arranged cylindrical structures, and the diameter of the first position-limiting portion 33 and the diameter of the second position-limiting portion 34 are both larger than the diameter of the main body 32.
  • the first limiting portion 33 is a portion where the electrode terminal 3 is connected to the current collecting member 4.
  • the first limiting portion 33 is located inside the housing 1, and the second limiting portion 34 is located outside the housing 1.
  • the insulating member 5 is provided with a first through hole 52 for the body portion 32 to pass through, and the wall portion 111 is provided with a second through hole for the body portion 32 to pass through.
  • the diameter of the first limiting portion 33 is greater than the diameter of the second limiting portion 34.
  • a seal 6 can be set between the electrode terminal 3 and the wall portion 111.
  • the seal 6 can be set between the main body 32 and the wall portion 111 and/or between the first limiting portion 33 and the wall portion 111 and/or between the second limiting portion 34 and the wall portion 111.
  • the first surface 51 may be an annular surface surrounding the outer side of the first limiting portion 33.
  • the inner diameter of the first surface 51 may be greater than or equal to the diameter of the first limiting portion 33.
  • the first surface 51 can limit the portion of the current collecting component 4 located around the first limiting portion 33.
  • the first surface 51 can be used for the portion of the current collecting component 4 located around the first limiting portion 33 to abut against, so as to reduce the deformation of the portion of the current collecting component 4 located around the first limiting portion 33 toward the direction close to the wall portion 111.
  • the insulating member 5 is provided with a recess 53 , which is recessed from the first surface 51 in a direction away from the current collecting member 4 , and at least a portion of the first limiting portion 33 is accommodated in the recess 53 .
  • the recess 53 may be a circular groove, a rectangular groove, etc. provided on the first surface 51.
  • the recess 53 is connected to the first through hole 52 of the insulating member 5.
  • the recess 53 is a circular groove, and the recess 53 may be coaxially provided with the first through hole 52, and the diameter of the recess 53 is larger than the aperture of the first through hole 52.
  • the first limiting portion 33 may be completely accommodated in the recess 53 ; the first limiting portion 33 may also be partially accommodated in the recess 53 .
  • the setting of the recess 53 on the insulating member 5 can, on the one hand, reduce the overall size of the insulating member 5 and the first limiting portion 33 in the thickness direction Z, thereby making the internal structure of the battery cell 10 more compact, improving the internal space utilization of the battery cell 10, and being beneficial to improving the energy density of the battery cell 10; on the other hand, it can reduce the thickness of the portion of the first limiting portion 33 protruding from the first surface 51, thereby reducing the distance between the current collecting component 4 and the first surface 51, so that the first surface 51 can better limit the deformation of the current collecting component 4.
  • the surface of the first limiting portion 33 away from the second limiting portion 34 is the third surface 31 .
  • the third surface 31 abuts against the current collecting component 4 .
  • the third surface 31 is closer to the current collecting component 4 than the first surface 51 .
  • the third surface 31 is a surface of the electrode terminal 3 that is closest to the current collecting member 4 along the thickness direction Z.
  • a portion of the first limiter 33 is located inside the recess 53, and another portion is located outside the recess 53.
  • the portion of the first limiter 33 protruding from the first surface 51 abuts against the second surface 42 of the current collecting member 4, so that a gap is set between the first surface 51 and the second surface 42.
  • the third surface 31 is closer to the current collecting member 4 than the first surface 51 , which can reduce the risk of the third surface 31 of the electrode terminal 3 failing to contact the current collecting member 4 due to interference between the current collecting member 4 and the insulating member 5 .
  • the first electrode tab 21 is welded to the current collecting member 4; and/or the electrode terminal 3 is welded to the current collecting member 4.
  • the first electrode tab 21 is welded to the current collecting member 4, which can ensure the firmness of the first electrode tab 21 and the current collecting member 4 after being connected, and achieve stable flow of the first electrode tab 21 and the current collecting member 4;
  • the electrode terminal 3 is welded to the current collecting member 4, which can ensure the firmness of the electrode terminal 3 and the current collecting member 4 after being connected, and achieve stable flow of the electrode terminal 3 and the current collecting member 4.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery cell 10 provided in some other embodiments of the present application;
  • Figure 11 is a partial view of the battery cell 10 shown in Figure 10.
  • a stepped hole 35 is provided on the electrode terminal 3, and along the thickness direction Z, the stepped hole 35 is recessed from the surface of the electrode terminal 3 farthest from the current collecting member 4 to the direction close to the current collecting member 4, and the area of the electrode terminal 3 located at the bottom of the stepped hole 35 is used for welding with the current collecting member 4.
  • the stepped hole 35 is provided on the electrode terminal 3, so that the area where the electrode terminal 3 needs to be welded to the current collecting member 4 can be thinned, and the electrode terminal 3 and the current collecting member 4 can be welded by penetration welding, thereby improving the firmness of the electrode terminal 3 and the current collecting member 4 after welding, and realizing stable flow of current between the electrode terminal 3 and the current collecting member 4.
  • the electrode terminal 3 is provided with an injection hole 36 , one end of which extends to the third surface 31 along the thickness direction Z, and the other end of which communicates with the stepped hole 35 .
  • the electrolyte can be injected into the battery cell 10 through the injection hole 36 .
  • a blocking member 7 may be further provided in the battery cell 10 .
  • the blocking member 7 is located in the stepped hole 35 to block the stepped hole 35 .
  • the blocking member 7 may be welded to the electrode terminal 3 .
  • the housing 1 may include a shell 11 and an end cap 12.
  • the shell 11 includes an integrally formed side wall 112 and a wall portion 111, the side wall 112 is arranged around the wall portion 111, along the thickness direction Z, the wall portion 111 is arranged at one end of the side wall 112, the other end of the side wall 112 forms an opening, and the end cap 12 closes the opening.
  • the end cap 12 and the housing 11 can be connected in a variety of ways, such as welding and crimping.
  • the housing 11 can be formed into an integral side wall 112 and a wall portion 111 by stamping, stretching, etc.
  • the electrode terminal 3 is connected to the first pole tab 21 through a current collecting member 4, and the end cap 12 is connected to the second pole tab 22 through another current collecting member 4.
  • the electrode terminal 3 When assembling the battery cell 10, the electrode terminal 3 can be first installed on the wall portion 111, and the current collecting member 4 can be welded to the first pole ear 21 of the electrode assembly 2, and then the electrode assembly 2 and the current collecting member 4 can be installed into the shell 11 through the opening of the shell 11.
  • the central area of the current collecting member 4 will be squeezed by the electrode terminal 3, so that the part of the current collecting member 4 located around the electrode terminal 3 is deformed in the direction close to the wall portion 111, and the insulating member 5 can play a role in limiting the deformation of the current collecting member 4, reducing the deformation of the current collecting member 4, and reducing the risk of the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet of the electrode assembly 2 being misaligned due to the deformation of the current collecting member 4 and the movement of the first pole ear 21.
  • the electrode terminal 3 is arranged on the wall portion 111 integrally formed with the side wall 112 of the shell 11.
  • the battery cell 10 is subjected to the force of external components (such as the busbar component welded to the electrode terminal 3), it is not easy to cause the wall portion 111 to separate from the side wall 112.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery cell 10 provided in another embodiment of the present application.
  • the housing 1 may include a shell 11 and an end cover 12. Along the thickness direction Z, one end of the shell 11 forms an opening, and the end cover 12 closes the opening, and the end cover 12 is a wall portion 111.
  • the end cap 12 and the housing 11 can be connected in a variety of ways, such as welding or crimping.
  • the electrode terminal 3 is connected to the first electrode tab 21 through a current collecting member 4, and the wall of the housing 11 opposite to the end cap 12 is connected to the second electrode tab 22 through another current collecting member 4.
  • the electrode terminal 3 is disposed on the end cover 12 , which can improve the assembly efficiency of the battery cell 10 .
  • the housing 1 is a cylindrical housing.
  • the housing 1 of this structure can be suitable for a cylindrical battery cell 10 .
  • the shell 11 of the housing 1 is a cylindrical structure.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides a battery 100, comprising a battery cell 10 provided in any one of the above embodiments.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides an electrical device, comprising the battery 100 provided in any one of the above embodiments.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a cylindrical battery cell, including a shell 1, an electrode assembly 2, an electrode terminal 3, a current collecting member 4 and an insulating member 5.
  • the shell 1 is a cylindrical shell, and the shell 1 includes a shell 11 and an end cap 12.
  • the shell 11 includes an integrally formed side wall 112 and a wall portion 111.
  • the side wall 112 is arranged around the wall portion 111.
  • the wall portion 111 is arranged at one end of the side wall 112, and the other end of the side wall 112 forms an opening, and the end cap 12 closes the opening.
  • the electrode terminal 3 is arranged on the wall portion 111.
  • the electrode assembly 2 is accommodated in the shell 1.
  • the electrode assembly 2 has a first pole tab 21 and a second pole tab 22.
  • the first pole tab 21 is connected to the electrode terminal 3 through a current collecting member 4.
  • the first pole tab 21 and the electrode terminal 3 are both welded to the current collecting member 4.
  • the second pole tab 22 is connected to the end cap 12 through another current collecting member 4.
  • the insulating member 5 is disposed between the current collecting member 4 and the wall portion 111 , and the insulating member 5 is used to insulate and isolate the current collecting member 4 and the wall portion 111 .
  • the insulating member 5 has a first surface 51 facing and close to the current collecting member 4.
  • the first surface 51 is configured to abut against the current collecting member 4 when the current collecting member 4 is deformed in a direction close to the wall portion 111.
  • the outer diameter of the first surface 51 is greater than the diameter of the outer edge 41 of the current collecting member 4.
  • the projection of the outer edge 41 of the current collecting member 4 along the thickness direction Z is located inside the first surface 51.
  • the current collecting member 4 has a second surface 42 facing and closest to the first surface 51. The electrode terminal 3 abuts against the second surface 42.
  • the area of the overlapping region C between the projection of the first surface 51 and the projection of the second surface 42 is S1 , and the area of the second surface 42 is S2 , 0.25 ⁇ S1 / S2 ⁇ 0.8 .
  • the second surface 42 is spaced from the first surface 51, and the distance between the second surface 42 and the first surface 51 is D ⁇ 0.5mm.
  • the electrode terminal 3 includes a body portion 32, a first limiting portion 33 and a second limiting portion 34.
  • the first limiting portion 33 and the second limiting portion 34 are respectively connected to the two ends of the body portion 32, the surface of the first limiting portion 33 away from the second limiting portion 34 is the third surface 31, the third surface 31 is against the second surface 42, the body portion 32 passes through the wall portion 111, and the wall portion 111 is partially located between the first limiting portion 33 and the second limiting portion 34 to limit the movement of the electrode terminal 3 relative to the wall portion 111.
  • the insulating member 5 is provided with a recess 53, the recess 53 is recessed from the first surface 51 in the direction away from the current collecting member 4, the first limiting portion 33 is partially accommodated in the recess 53, and the first surface 51 is an annular surface surrounding the outside of the first limiting portion 33.

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  • Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)

Abstract

本申请实施例提供了一种电池单体、电池及用电设备，属于电池技术领域。电池单体，包括外壳、电极端子、电极组件、集流构件和绝缘件。外壳具有壁部，电极端子设置于壁部。电极组件设置于外壳内，电极组件具有第一极耳。集流构件连接第一极耳和电极端子。绝缘件设置于集流构件和壁部之间，绝缘件用于绝缘隔离集流构件和壁部。沿壁部的厚度方向，绝缘件具有面向且最靠近集流构件的第一表面，集流构件的外边缘的投影位于第一表面内。第一表面能够对集流构件起到限制作用，减小集流构件向靠近壁部的方向变形，降低因集流构件变形过大而导致电极组件的正负极片错位的风险，有效提高电池单体的安全性。

Description

电池单体、电池及用电设备 技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种电池单体、电池及用电设备。
背景技术
电池广泛用于电子设备，例如手机、笔记本电脑、电瓶车、电动汽车、电动飞机、电动轮船、电动玩具汽车、电动玩具轮船、电动玩具飞机和电动工具等等。
在电池技术中，不仅需要考虑电池单体的性能，还需要考虑电池单体的安全性。因此，如何提高电池单体的安全性是亟需解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供一种电池单体、电池及用电设备，能够有效提高电池单体的安全性。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供一种电池单体，包括外壳、电极端子、电极组件、集流构件和绝缘件；外壳具有壁部；电极端子设置于壁部；电极组件设置于外壳内，电极组件具有第一极耳；集流构件连接第一极耳和电极端子；绝缘件设置于集流构件和壁部之间，绝缘件用于绝缘隔离集流构件和壁部；其中，沿壁部的厚度方向，绝缘件具有面向且最靠近集流构件的第一表面，集流构件的外边缘的投影位于第一表面内。
上述技术方案中，集流构件的外边缘的投影位于第一表面内，第一表面能够对集流构件起到限制作用，减小集流构件向靠近壁部的方向变形，降低因集流构件变形过大而导致电极组件的正负极片错位的风险，有效提高了电池单体的安全性。
在一些实施例中，集流构件的外边缘的直径为R 1，第一表面的外径为R 2，满足：R 2≥R 1。这样能够更为容易地实现集流构件的外边缘的投影位于第一表面内，使得第一表面能够对集流构件起到很好的限制作用，减小集流构件的变形。
在一些实施例中，沿厚度方向，集流构件具有面向且最靠近第一表面的第二表面，电极端子凸出于第二表面，第一表面的投影与第二表面的投影的重叠区域的面积为S 1，第二表面的面积为S 2，满足：0.25≤S 1/S 2≤0.8。若S 1/S 2＜0.25，集流构件变形时第二表面与第一表面的接触面积较小，使得绝缘件对集流构件的限制能力较差；若S 1/S 2＞0.8，使得集流构件的径向尺寸较大，集流构件中心区域受到电极端子的挤压力后，集流构件的外边缘翘起程度增大，集流构件的外边缘的区域的变形增大，造成电极组件的正负极错位的风险增大。因此，0.25≤S 1/S 2≤0.8，能够使绝缘件对集流构件起到很好的限制作用，减小集流构件的变形。
在一些实施例中，0.4≤S 1/S 2≤0.6。进一步减小集流构件的变形。
在一些实施例中，第一表面被配置为在集流构件向靠近壁部的方向变形时与集流构件抵靠。在集流构件向靠近壁部的方向变形时，第一表面能够供集流构件抵靠，从而限制集流构件进一步变形，以达到减小集流构件变形的目的。
在一些实施例中，沿厚度方向，电极端子具有面向且最靠近集流构件的第三表面，第三表面用于抵靠集流构件，第三表面较第一表面更靠近集流构件。由于第三表面较第一表面更靠近集流构件，使得电极端子的第三表面能够与集流构件接触，降低因集流构件与绝缘件发生干涉，而造成电极端子的第三表面无法与集流构件接触的风险。
在一些实施例中，沿厚度方向，集流构件具有面向且最靠近第一表面的第二表面，电极端子凸出于第二表面，第二表面与第一表面之间的距离为D，满足：0≤D≤0.5mm。若D＞0.5mm，使得第一表面与第二表面之间的距离较大，位于第一表面与第二表面之间允许集流构件向靠近壁部的方向变形的空间较大，使得集流构件向靠近壁部的方向变形较大。此外，第一表面与第二表面之间的距离较大，使得集流构件与绝缘件之间形成较大的间隙，减小了电极组件在厚度方向上的尺寸， 影响电池单体的能量密度，因此，0≤D≤0.5mm，减小第一表面与第二表面之间的距离，使得集流构件向靠近壁部的方向发生较小的变形就能够抵靠于第一表面，以限制集流构件进一步变形，减小集流构件的变形，并使得电池单体内部结构更加紧凑，提高了对电池单体内部空间利用率，有利于提高电池单体的能量密度。
在一些实施例中，电极端子包括本体部、第一限位部和第二限位部；沿厚度方向，第一限位部和第二限位部分别连接于本体部的两端，第一限位部抵靠于集流构件，本体部穿过壁部，壁部至少部分位于第一限位部和第二限位部之间，以限制电极端子相对壁部移动；其中，第一表面环绕第一限位部设置。第一表面能够对集流构件位于第一限位部四周的部分起到限制作用，在集流构件的中心区域受到第一限位部的挤压力时，集流构件位于第一限位部四周的部分向靠近壁部的方向变形，第一表面能够供集流构件位于第一限位部四周的部分抵靠，以减小集流构件位于第一限位部四周的部分向靠近壁部的方向变形。
在一些实施例中，绝缘件设置有凹部，凹部从第一表面向背离集流构件的方向凹陷，第一限位部的至少一部分容纳于凹部内。绝缘件上凹部的设置，一方面，能够减小绝缘件和第一限位部整体在厚度方向上的尺寸，使得电池单体内部结构更加紧凑，提高了对电池单体内部空间利用率，有利于提高电池单体的能量密度；另一方面，能够减小第一限位部凸出于第一表面的部分的厚度，减小集流构件与第一表面之间的距离，使得第一表面对集流构件的变形起到更好的限制作用。
在一些实施例中，沿厚度方向，第一限位部背离第二限位部的表面为第三表面，第三表面抵靠于集流构件，第三表面较第一表面更靠近集流构件。这样，能够降低因集流构件与绝缘件发生干涉，而造成电极端子的第三表面无法与集流构件接触的风险。
在一些实施例中，第一极耳与集流构件焊接连接；和/或，电极端子与集流构件焊接连接。第一极耳与集流构件焊接连接，能够保证第一极耳与集流构件连接后的牢固性，实现第一极耳与集流构件的稳定过流；电极端子与集流构件焊接连接，能够保证电极端子与集流构件连接后的牢固性，实现电极端子与集流构件的稳定过流。
在一些实施例中，外壳包括壳体和端盖；壳体包括一体成型的侧壁和壁部，侧壁围设于壁部的周围，沿厚度方向，壁部设置于侧壁的一端，侧壁的另一端形成开口，端盖封闭开口。电极端子设置于与壳体的侧壁一体成型的壁部上，在电池单体受到外部部件的作用力时，不易造成壁部与侧壁分离。
在一些实施例中，外壳包括壳体和端盖；沿厚度方向，壳体的一端形成开口，端盖封闭开口，端盖为壁部。电极端子设置于端盖上，提高电池单体的组装效率。
在一些实施例中，外壳为圆柱外壳。圆柱外壳适用于圆柱电池单体。
第二方面，一种电池，包括第一方面任意一个实施例提供的电池单体。
第三方面，一种用电设备，包括第二方面任意一个实施例提供的电池。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，应当理解，以下附图仅示出了本申请的某些实施例，因此不应被看作是对范围的限定，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他相关的附图。
图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆的结构示意图；
图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池的爆炸图；
图3为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的爆炸图；
图4为图3所示的电池单体的结构示意图；
图5为图4所示的电池单体的局部视图；
图6为图5所示的集流构件与绝缘件的仰视图；
图7为图5所示的集流构件与绝缘件的位置关系图；
图8为图5所示的电池单体的A处的局部放大图；
图9为图5所示的电极端子的结构示意图；
图10为本申请另一些实施例提供的电池单体的结构示意图；
图11为图10所示的电池单体的局部视图；
图12为本申请实施例提供的又一实施例提供的电池单体的结构示意图。
图标：1-外壳；11-壳体；111-壁部；112-侧壁；12-端盖；2-电极组件；21-第一极耳；22-第二极耳；3-电极端子；31-第三表面；32-本体部；33-第一限位部；34-第二限位部；35-阶梯孔；36-注液孔；4-集流构件；41-外边缘；42-第二表面；5-绝缘件；51-第一表面；511-边缘线；52-第一通孔；53-凹部；6-密封件；7-封堵件；10-电池单体；20-箱体；201-第一部分；202-第二部分；100-电池；200-控制器；300-马达；1000-车辆；C-重叠区域；Z-厚度方向。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
除非另有定义，本申请所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本申请中在申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。本申请的说明书和权利要求书或上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别不同对象，而不是用于描述特定顺序或主次关系。
在本申请中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。
本申请中术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本申请中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请的实施例中，相同的附图标记表示相同的部件，并且为了简洁，在不同实施例中，省略对相同部件的详细说明。应理解，附图示出的本申请实施例中的各种部件的厚度、长宽等尺寸，以及集成装置的整体厚度、长宽等尺寸仅为示例性说明，而不应对本申请构成任何限定。
本申请中出现的“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)。
本申请中，电池单体可以包括锂离子二次电池、锂离子一次电池、锂硫电池、钠锂离子电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。电池单体可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等，本申请实施例对此也不限定。电池单体一般按封装的方式分成三种：柱形电池单体、方形电池单体和软包电池单体，本申请实施例对此也不限定。
本申请的实施例所提到的电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。例如，本申请中所提到的电池可以包括电池模块或电池包等。电池一般包括用于封装一个或多个电池单体的箱体。箱体可以避免液体或其他异物影响电池单体的充电或放电。
电池单体包括电极组件和电解液，电极组件由正极片、负极片和隔离膜组成。电池单体主要依靠金属离子在正极片和负极片之间移动来工作。正极片包括正极集流体和正极活性物质层，正极活性物质层涂覆于正极集流体的表面，未涂敷正极活性物质层的正极集流体凸出于已涂覆正极活性物质层的正极集流体，未涂敷正极活性物质层的正极集流体作为正极耳。以锂离子电池为例，正 极集流体的材料可以为铝，正极活性物质可以为钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂、三元锂或锰酸锂等。负极片包括负极集流体和负极活性物质层，负极活性物质层涂覆于负极集流体的表面，未涂敷负极活性物质层的负极集流体凸出于已涂覆负极活性物质层的负极集流体，未涂敷负极活性物质层的负极集流体作为负极耳。负极集流体的材料可以为铜，负极活性物质可以为碳或硅等。为了保证通过大电流而不发生熔断，正极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起，负极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起。隔离膜的材质可以为PP(polypropylene，聚丙烯)或PE(polyethylene，聚乙烯)等。此外，电极组件可以是卷绕式结构，也可以是叠片式结构，本申请实施例并不限于此。
发明人注意到，在组装电池单体过程中，集流构件受到电极端子的作用力后，集流构件可能会发生较大变形，集流构件变形会带着与集流构件相连的极耳移动，造成电极组件的正极片与负极片发生错位，容易发生电池单体内部短路的风险，影响电池单体的安全性。
鉴于此，本申请实施例提供一种电池单体，在集流构件与外壳的壁部之间设置绝缘件，绝缘件具有面向集流构件的第一表面，且集流构件的外边缘的投影位于第一表面内。
在这样的电池单体中，集流构件的外边缘的投影位于第一表面内，使得第一表面能够限制集流构件靠近壁部的方向翘起，减小集流构件的变形，降低因集流构件变形而导致电极组件的正负极错位的风险，有效提高了电池单体的安全性。
本申请实施例描述的电池单体适用于电池以及使用电池的用电设备。
用电设备可以是车辆、手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、轮船、航天器、电动玩具和电动工具等等。车辆可以是燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等；航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等；电动玩具包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等；电动工具包括金属切削电动工具、研磨电动工具、装配电动工具和铁道用电动工具，例如，电钻、电动砂轮机、电动扳手、电动螺丝刀、电锤、冲击电钻、混凝土振动器和电刨等等。本申请实施例对上述用电设备不做特殊限制。
以下实施例为了方便说明，以用电设备为车辆为例进行说明。
请参照图1，图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆1000的结构示意图。车辆1000的内部设置有电池100，电池100可以设置在车辆1000的底部或头部或尾部。电池100可以用于车辆1000的供电，例如，电池100可以作为车辆1000的操作电源。
车辆1000还可以包括控制器200和马达300，控制器200用来控制电池100为马达300供电，例如，用于车辆1000的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在本申请一些实施例中，电池100不仅仅可以作为车辆1000的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1000的驱动电源，代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气为车辆1000提供驱动动力。
请参照图2，图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池100的爆炸图。电池100包括电池单体10和箱体20，箱体20用于容纳电池单体10。
其中，箱体20是容纳电池单体10的部件，箱体20为电池单体10提供容纳空间，箱体20可以采用多种结构。在一些实施例中，箱体20可以包括第一部分201和第二部分202，第一部分201与第二部分202相互盖合，以限定出用于容纳电池单体10的容纳空间。第一部分201和第二部分202可以是多种形状，比如，长方体、圆柱体等。第一部分201可以是一侧开放的空心结构，第二部分202也可以是一侧开放的空心结构，第二部分202的开放侧盖合于第一部分201的开放侧，则形成具有容纳空间的箱体20。也可以是第一部分201为一侧开放的空心结构，第二部分202为板状结构，第二部分202盖合于第一部分201的开放侧，则形成具有容纳空间的箱体20。第一部分201与第二部分202可以通过密封元件来实现密封，密封元件可以是密封圈、密封胶等。
在电池100中，电池单体10可以是一个、也可以是多个。若电池单体10为多个，多个电池单体10之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体10中既有串联又有并联。可以是多个电池单体10先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块，多个电池模块再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体20内。也可以是所有电池单体10之间直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将所有 电池单体10构成的整体容纳于箱体20内。
在一些实施例中，电池100还可以包括汇流部件，多个电池单体10之间可通过汇流部件实现电连接，以实现多个电池单体10的串联或并联或混联。汇流部件可以是金属导体，比如，铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金等。
请参照图3和图4，图3为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体10的爆炸图；图4为图3所示的电池单体10的结构示意图。电池单体10可以包括外壳1、电极组件2、电极端子3和集流构件4。
外壳1用于容纳电极组件2、电解液以及其他部件，外壳1可以包括壳体11和端盖12，端盖12盖合于壳体11的开口，端盖12与壳体11共同限定出用于容纳电极组件2、电解液以及其他部件的空间。
壳体11可以是一端形成开口的空心结构，壳体11可以是相对的两端形成开口的空心结构。壳体11可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。壳体11的材质可以是多种，比如，铜、铁、铝、钢、铝合金等。
端盖12是盖合于壳体11的开口以将电池单体10的内部环境与外部环境隔绝的部件。端盖12的形状可以与壳体11的形状相适配，比如，壳体11为长方体结构，端盖12为与壳体11相适配的矩形板状结构；再如，如图3和图4所示，壳体11为圆柱体结构，端盖12为与壳体11相适配的圆形板状结构。端盖12的材质也可以是多种，比如，铜、铁、铝、钢、铝合金等，端盖12的材质与壳体11的材质可以相同，也可以不同。
在外壳1中，端盖12可以设置一个，也可以设置两个。比如，壳体11为相对的两端形成开口的空心结构，端盖12可以对应设置两个，两个端盖12分别封闭壳体11的两个开口；再如，如图3和图4所示，壳体11为一端开口的空心结构，端盖12可以对应设置一个，一个端盖12封闭壳体11的一个开口。
电极组件2是电池单体10中发生电化学反应的部件。电极组件2可以包括正极片、负极片和隔离膜。电极组件2可以是由正极片、隔离膜和负极片通过卷绕形成的卷绕式结构，也可以是由正极片、隔离膜和负极片通过层叠布置形成的叠片式结构。电极组件2具有极性相反的第一极耳21和第二极耳22，第一极耳21和第二极耳22中的一者为正极耳，另一者为负极耳。正极耳可以是正极片上未涂覆正极活性物质层的部分，负极耳可以是负极片上未涂覆负极活性物质层的部分。
电极端子3是电池单体10中用于与外部部件(如汇流部件)连接，以输出电池单体10的电能的部件。电极端子3可以设置于壳体11，也可以设置于端盖12。如图4所示，以壳体11为一端开口的空心结构为例，电极端子3设置于壳体11与端盖12相对的壁，电极端子3与第一极耳21电连接，端盖12与第二极耳22电连接。
集流构件4为导体，集流构件4可以是铜、铁、铝、钢、铝合金材质，集流构件4可以是设置于外壳1内的圆盘结构。示例性的，如图4所示，电极端子3通过一个集流构件4与第一极耳21连接，端盖12通过另一个集流构件4与第二极耳22连接。
请参照图5，图5为图4所示的电池单体10的局部视图。本申请实施例提供一种电池单体10，电池单体10包括外壳1、电极组件2、电极端子3、集流构件4和绝缘件5。外壳1具有壁部111，电极端子3设置于壁部111。电极组件2设置于外壳1内，电极组件2具有第一极耳21。集流构件4连接第一极耳21和电极端子3。绝缘件5设置于集流构件4和壁部111之间，绝缘件5用于绝缘隔离集流构件4和壁部111。其中，沿壁部111的厚度方向Z，绝缘件5具有面向且最靠近集流构件4的第一表面51，集流构件4的外边缘41的投影位于第一表面51内。
壁部111可以是外壳1中的端盖12；壁部111也可以是外壳1的壳体11中的一个壁，比如，为外壳1的壳体11中与端盖12相对的壁部111。
电极组件2的第一极耳21可以是正极耳，也可以是负极耳。也就是说，电极组件2中与电极端子3电连接的极耳可以是正极耳，也可以是负极耳。
集流构件4连接第一极耳21和电极端子3，以实现电极端子3与第一极耳21电连接。电极端子3与集流构件4的连接方式有多种，比如，焊接、通过导电胶粘接等，以将电极端子3和集流构件4固定。第一极耳21与集流构件4的连接方式有多种，比如，焊接、通过导电胶粘接等，以将第一极耳21与集流构件4固定。
绝缘件5设置于集流构件4和壁部111之间，绝缘件5既实现集流构件4与壁部111之间的绝缘，又对集流构件4的变形起到限制作用。绝缘件5为绝缘材质，比如，橡胶、塑料等。
第一表面51为绝缘件5沿厚度方向Z面向集流构件4的表面，也是绝缘件5沿厚度方向Z最靠近集流构件4的表面。第一表面51可以是垂直于厚度方向Z的平面。沿厚度方向Z，集流构件4可以抵靠于第一表面51，也可以与第一表面51间隙设置。集流构件4的外边缘41为集流构件4距离中心线最远且环绕中心线一周的边缘，以集流构件4为圆盘结构为例，可以是集流构件4面向第一表面51的表面的边缘为集流构件4的外边缘41。
集流构件4的外边缘41沿厚度方向Z的投影在第一表面51内为一条封闭的曲线，该曲线可以与第一表面51的边缘线511存在距离，也可以与第一表面51的边缘线511(图5未示出)部分或全部重合。
在本申请实施例中，集流构件4的外边缘41的投影位于第一表面51内，第一表面51能够对集流构件4起到限制作用，减小集流构件4向靠近壁部111的方向变形，降低因集流构件4变形过大而导致电极组件2的正负极片错位的风险，有效提高了电池单体10的安全性。
在一些实施例中，请参照图6，图6为图5所示的集流构件4与绝缘件5的仰视图。集流构件4的外边缘41的直径为R 1，第一表面51的外径为R 2，满足：R 2≥R 1。
第一表面51的边缘线511为圆形，第一表面51的边缘线511的直径即为第一表面51的外径。集流构件4为圆盘形，集流构件4的外边缘41为圆形，集流构件4的外边缘41的直径即为集流构件4的外径。
若R 2＝R 1，可以是集流构件4与绝缘件5同轴设置，集流构件4的外边缘41沿厚度方向Z的投影与第一表面51的边缘线511重合，实现集流构件4的外边缘41沿厚度方向Z的投影位于第一表面51内；如图6所示，若R 2＞R 1，也可以是集流构件4与绝缘件5同轴设置，使得集流构件4的外边缘41沿厚度方向Z的投影与第一表面51的边缘线511两者同心且存在距离，也可实现集流构件4的外边缘41沿厚度方向Z的投影位于第一表面51内。
在本实施例中，R 2≥R 1，能够更为容易地实现集流构件4的外边缘41的投影位于第一表面51内，使得第一表面51能够对集流构件4起到很好的限制作用，减小集流构件4的变形。
在一些实施例中，请参照图5-图7，图7为图5所示的集流构件4与绝缘件5的位置关系图。沿厚度方向Z，集流构件4具有面向且最靠近第一表面51的第二表面42，电极端子3凸出于第二表面42，第一表面51的投影与第二表面42的投影的重叠区域C的面积为S 1，第二表面42的面积为S 2，满足：0.25≤S 1/S 2≤0.8。
S 1/S 2可以是0.25、0.3、0.35、0.4、0.45、0.5、0.55、0.6、0.65、0.7、0.75、0.8等。图6中的阴影区域即为重叠区域C。
第二表面42为集流构件4沿厚度方向Z面向第一表面51的表面，也是集流构件4沿厚度方向Z最靠近第一表面51的表面。第二表面42可以是垂直于厚度方向Z的平面。第二表面42与第一表面51可以间隙设置，也可以彼此接触。
电极端子3凸出于第二表面42，可以是电极端子3局部凸出于第二表面42，比如，第二表面42设置有凹槽，电极端子3一部分容纳于凹槽内，电极端子3另一部分凸出于第二表面42；也可以是电极端子3整体凸出于第二表面42，比如，如图5所示，电极端子3抵靠于第二表面42。
若S 1/S 2＜0.25，集流构件4变形时第二表面42与第一表面51的接触面积较小，集流构件4变形后，集流构件4挤压在绝缘件5上，绝缘件5发生变形，使得集流构件4继续变形，增大 了集流构件4的变形，使得绝缘件5对集流构件4的限制能力较差；若S 1/S 2＞0.8，使得集流构件4的径向尺寸较大，集流构件4中心区域受到电极端子3的挤压力后，集流构件4的外边缘41翘起程度增大，集流构件4的外边缘41的区域的变形增大，造成电极组件2的正负极错位的风险增大。
在本实施例中，0.25≤S 1/S 2≤0.8，能够使绝缘件5对集流构件4起到很好的限制作用，减小集流构件4的变形。
在一些实施例中，0.4≤S 1/S 2≤0.6。
S 1/S 2可以是0.4、0.42、0.45、0.47、0.5、0.52、0.55、0.57、0.6等。
在本实施例中，0.4≤S 1/S 2≤0.6，能够进一步减小集流构件4的变形。
在一些实施例中，第一表面51被配置为在集流构件4向靠近壁部111的方向变形时与集流构件4抵靠。
在本实施例中，可以是集流构件4沿厚度方向Z与第一表面51间隙设置，也可以是集流构件4沿厚度方向Z抵靠于第一表面51。
在集流构件4受到电极端子3的挤压力时，集流构件4位于电极端子3四周的部分向靠近壁部111的方向变形，第一表面51能够供集流构件4抵靠，从而限制集流构件4进一步变形，以达到减小集流构件4变形的目的。
在一些实施例中，请参照图8，图8为图5所示的电池单体10的A处的局部放大图。沿厚度方向Z，电极端子3具有面向且最靠近集流构件4的第三表面31，第三表面31用于抵靠集流构件4，第三表面31较第一表面51更靠近集流构件4。
第三表面31为电极端子3沿厚度方向Z面向集流构件4的表面，也是电极端子3沿厚度方向Z最靠近集流构件4的表面。第三表面31可以是垂直于厚度方向Z的平面。示例性的，第三表面31抵靠于集流构件4面向且最靠近第一表面51的第二表面42。
由于第三表面31较第一表面51更靠近集流构件4，使得电极端子3的第三表面31能够与集流构件4接触，降低因集流构件4与绝缘件5发生干涉，而造成电极端子3的第三表面31无法与集流构件4接触的风险。
在一些实施例中，请继续参照图8，沿厚度方向Z，集流构件4具有面向且最靠近第一表面51的第二表面42，电极端子3凸出于第二表面42，第二表面42与第一表面51之间的距离为D，满足：0≤D≤0.5mm。
D可以是0、0.1mm、0.2mm、0.3mm、0.4mm、0.5mm。可理解的，若D＝0，第一表面51抵靠于第二表面42；若D＞0，第一表面51与第二表面42间隙设置。
若D＞0.5mm，使得第一表面51与第二表面42之间的距离较大，位于第一表面51与第二表面42之间允许集流构件4向靠近壁部111的方向变形的空间较大，使得集流构件4向靠近壁部111的方向变形较大。此外，第一表面51与第二表面42之间的距离较大，使得集流构件4与绝缘件5之间形成较大的间隙，减小了电极组件2在厚度方向Z上的尺寸，影响电池单体10的能量密度。
在本实施例中，0≤D≤0.5mm，减小第一表面51与第二表面42之间的距离，使得集流构件4向靠近壁部111的方向发生较小的变形就能够抵靠于第一表面51，以限制集流构件4进一步变形，减小集流构件4的变形，并使得电池单体10内部结构更加紧凑，提高了对电池单体10内部空间利用率，有利于提高电池单体10的能量密度。
在一些实施例中，请参照图8和图9所示，图9为图5所示的电极端子3的结构示意图。电极端子3包括本体部32、第一限位部33和第二限位部34。沿厚度方向Z，第一限位部33和第二限位部34分别连接于本体部32的两端，第一限位部33抵靠于集流构件4，本体部32穿过壁部111，壁部111至少部分位于第一限位部33和第二限位部34之间，以限制电极端子3相对壁部 111移动。其中，第一表面51环绕第一限位部33设置。
本体部32、第一限位部33和第二限位部34可以是一体成型结构。本体部32、第一限位部33和第二限位部34形成铆接于壁部111的铆接结构。本体部32、第一限位部33和第二限位部34可以是同轴设置的圆柱结构，第一限位部33的直径和第二限位部34的直径均大于本体部32的直径。
第一限位部33为电极端子3与集流构件4连接的部分，第一限位部33位于外壳1的内部，第二限位部34位于外壳1的外部，绝缘件5上设置有供本体部32穿过的第一通孔52，壁部111上设置有供本体部32穿过的第二通孔。示例性的，第一限位部33的直径大于第二限位部34的直径。
为提高电极端子3与壁部111之间的密封性，可以在电极端子3与壁部111之间设置密封件6，密封件6可以设置于本体部32与壁部111之间和/或第一限位部33与壁部111之间和/或第二限位部34与壁部111之间。
在本实施例中，第一表面51可以是环绕于第一限位部33外侧的环形面。第一表面51的内径可以大于或等于第一限位部33的直径。
第一表面51能够对集流构件4位于第一限位部33四周的部分起到限制作用，在集流构件4的中心区域受到第一限位部33的挤压力时，集流构件4位于第一限位部33四周的部分向靠近壁部111的方向变形，第一表面51能够供集流构件4位于第一限位部33四周的部分抵靠，以减小集流构件4位于第一限位部33四周的部分向靠近壁部111的方向变形。
在一些实施例中，请继续参照图8，绝缘件5设置有凹部53，凹部53从第一表面51向背离集流构件4的方向凹陷，第一限位部33的至少一部分容纳于凹部53内。
凹部53可以是设置第一表面51的圆形槽、矩形槽等。凹部53与绝缘件5的第一通孔52连通。凹部53为圆形槽为例，凹部53可以与第一通孔52同轴设置，凹部53的直径大于第一通孔52的孔径。
第一限位部33可以全部容纳于凹部53内；第一限位部33也可以部分容纳于凹部53内。
绝缘件5上凹部53的设置，一方面，能够减小绝缘件5和第一限位部33整体在厚度方向Z上的尺寸，使得电池单体10内部结构更加紧凑，提高了对电池单体10内部空间利用率，有利于提高电池单体10的能量密度；另一方面，能够减小第一限位部33凸出于第一表面51的部分的厚度，减小集流构件4与第一表面51之间的距离，使得第一表面51对集流构件4的变形起到更好的限制作用。
在一些实施例中，请继续参照图8，沿厚度方向Z，第一限位部33背离第二限位部34的表面为第三表面31，第三表面31抵靠于集流构件4，第三表面31较第一表面51更靠近集流构件4。
第三表面31为电极端子3沿厚度方向Z最靠近集流构件4的表面。
在本实施例中，第一限位部33一部分位于凹部53内，另一部分位于凹部53外。示例性的，第一限位部33凸出第一表面51的部分抵靠于集流构件4的第二表面42，实现第一表面51与第二表面42间隙设置。
在本实施例中，第三表面31较第一表面51更靠近集流构件4，能够降低因集流构件4与绝缘件5发生干涉，而造成电极端子3的第三表面31无法与集流构件4接触的风险。
在一些实施例中，第一极耳21与集流构件4焊接连接；和/或，电极端子3与集流构件4焊接连接。第一极耳21与集流构件4焊接连接，能够保证第一极耳21与集流构件4连接后的牢固性，实现第一极耳21与集流构件4的稳定过流；电极端子3与集流构件4焊接连接，能够保证电极端子3与集流构件4连接后的牢固性，实现电极端子3与集流构件4的稳定过流。
在一些实施例中，请参照图10和图11，图10为本申请另一些实施例提供的电池单体10 的结构示意图；图11为图10所示的电池单体10的局部视图。电极端子3上设置有阶梯孔35，沿厚度方向Z，阶梯孔35从电极端子3最远离集流构件4的表面向靠近集流构件4的方向凹陷，电极端子3位于阶梯孔35的底部的区域用于与集流构件4焊接。
在电极端子3上设置阶梯孔35，可以减薄电极端子3需要与集流构件4焊接的区域，可以通过穿透焊的方式将电极端子3和集流构件4焊接，从而提高电极端子3与集流构件4焊接后的牢固性，实现电极端子3与集流构件4的稳定过流。
示例性的，电极端子3设置有注液孔36，沿厚度方向Z，注液孔36的一端延伸至第三表面31，另一端与阶梯孔35连通。通过注液孔36可以向电池单体10内部注入电解液。
在电池单体10中，还可以设置封堵件7，封堵件7位于阶梯孔35内，以封堵阶梯孔35，封堵件7可以焊接于电极端子3。
在一些实施例中，请继续参照图10，外壳1可以包括壳体11和端盖12。壳体11包括一体成型的侧壁112和壁部111，侧壁112围设于壁部111的周围，沿厚度方向Z，壁部111设置于侧壁112的一端，侧壁112的另一端形成开口，端盖12封闭开口。
端盖12与壳体11可以通过多种方式连接，比如，焊接、卷封连接。壳体11可以通过冲压、拉伸成型等方式形成一体的侧壁112和壁部111。电极端子3通过一个集流构件4与第一极耳21连接，端盖12通过另一个集流构件4与第二极耳22连接。
在组装电池单体10时，可以先将电极端子3安装于壁部111，并将集流构件4与电极组件2的第一极耳21焊接，再将电极组件2和集流构件4从壳体11的开口装入壳体11内。在将电极组件2和集流构件4装入壳体11内的过程中，集流构件4的中心区域会受到电极端子3的挤压力，使得集流构件4位于电极端子3四周部分向靠近壁部111的方向变形，绝缘件5可以起到限制集流构件4变形的作用，减小集流构件4变形，降低集流构件4变形带着第一极耳21移动，而造成电极组件2正极片与负极片发生错位的风险。
在本实施例中，电极端子3设置于与壳体11的侧壁112一体成型的壁部111上，在电池单体10受到外部部件(如，与电极端子3焊接的汇流部件)的作用力时，不易造成壁部111与侧壁112分离。
在一些实施例中，请参照图12，图12为本申请实施例提供的又一实施例提供的电池单体10的结构示意图。外壳1可以包括壳体11和端盖12。沿厚度方向Z，壳体11的一端形成开口，端盖12封闭开口，端盖12为壁部111。
端盖12与壳体11可以通过多种方式连接，比如，焊接、卷封连接。示例性的，电极端子3通过一个集流构件4与第一极耳21连接，壳体11与端盖12相对的壁通过另一个集流构件4与第二极耳22连接。
在本实施例中，电极端子3设置于端盖12上，能够提高电池单体10的组装效率。
在一些实施例中，请参照图10和图12，外壳1为圆柱外壳。这种结构的外壳1可以适用于圆柱电池单体10。
可理解的，外壳1的壳体11为圆柱体结构。
本申请实施例提供一种电池100，包括上述任意一个实施例提供的电池单体10。
本申请实施例提供一种用电设备，包括上述任意一个实施例提供的电池100。
此外，请继续参照图10和图11，本申请实施例提供一种圆柱电池单体，包括外壳1、电极组件2、电极端子3、集流构件4和绝缘件5。外壳1为圆柱外壳，外壳1包括壳体11和端盖12。壳体11包括一体成型的侧壁112和壁部111，侧壁112围设于壁部111的周围，沿壁部111的厚度方向Z，壁部111设置于侧壁112的一端，侧壁112的另一端形成开口，端盖12封闭开口。电极端子3设置于壁部111。电极组件2容纳于外壳1内，电极组件2具有第一极耳21和第二极耳22，第一极耳21通过一个集流构件4与电极端子3连接，第一极耳21和电极端子3均与 集流构件4焊接，第二极耳22通过另一个集流构件4与端盖12连接。绝缘件5设置于集流构件4和壁部111之间，绝缘件5用于绝缘隔离集流构件4和壁部111。
其中，沿厚度方向Z，绝缘件5具有面向且靠近集流构件4的第一表面51，第一表面51被配置为在集流构件4向靠近壁部111的方向变形时与集流构件4抵靠，第一表面51的外径大于集流构件4的外边缘41的直径，集流构件4的外边缘41沿厚度方向Z的投影位于第一表面51内。沿厚度方向Z，集流构件4具有面向且最靠近第一表面51的第二表面42，电极端子3抵靠于第二表面42，第一表面51的投影与第二表面42的投影的重叠区域C的面积为S 1，第二表面42的面积为S 2，0.25≤S 1/S 2≤0.8。第二表面42与第一表面51间隙设置，第二表面42与第一表面51之间的距离为D≤0.5mm。
电极端子3包括本体部32、第一限位部33和第二限位部34。沿厚度方向Z，第一限位部33和第二限位部34分别连接于本体部32的两端，第一限位部33背离第二限位部34的表面为第三表面31，第三表面31抵靠于第二表面42，本体部32穿过壁部111，壁部111部分位于第一限位部33和第二限位部34之间，以限制电极端子3相对壁部111移动。绝缘件5设置有凹部53，凹部53从第一表面51向背离集流构件4的方向凹陷，第一限位部33部分容纳于凹部53内，第一表面51为环绕于第一限位部33外侧的环形面。
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
以上实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，并不用于限制本申请，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种电池单体，包括：
    外壳，具有壁部；
    电极端子，设置于所述壁部；
    电极组件，设置于所述外壳内，所述电极组件具有第一极耳；
    集流构件，连接所述第一极耳和所述电极端子；
    绝缘件，设置于所述集流构件和所述壁部之间，所述绝缘件用于绝缘隔离所述集流构件和所述壁部；
    其中，沿所述壁部的厚度方向，所述绝缘件具有面向且最靠近所述集流构件的第一表面，所述集流构件的外边缘的投影位于所述第一表面内。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池单体，其中，所述集流构件的外边缘的直径为R 1，所述第一表面的外径为R 2，满足：R 2≥R 1。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的电池单体，其中，沿所述厚度方向，所述集流构件具有面向且最靠近所述第一表面的第二表面，所述电极端子凸出于所述第二表面，所述第一表面的投影与所述第二表面的投影的重叠区域的面积为S 1，所述第二表面的面积为S 2，满足：0.25≤S 1/S 2≤0.8。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电池单体，其中，0.4≤S 1/S 2≤0.6。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一表面被配置为在所述集流构件向靠近所述壁部的方向变形时与所述集流构件抵靠。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的电池单体，其中，沿所述厚度方向，所述电极端子具有面向且最靠近所述集流构件的第三表面，所述第三表面用于抵靠所述集流构件，所述第三表面较所述第一表面更靠近所述集流构件。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的电池单体，其中，沿所述厚度方向，所述集流构件具有面向且最靠近所述第一表面的第二表面，所述电极端子凸出于所述第二表面，所述第二表面与所述第一表面之间的距离为D，满足：0≤D≤0.5mm。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述电极端子包括本体部、第一限位部和第二限位部；
    沿所述厚度方向，所述第一限位部和所述第二限位部分别连接于所述本体部的两端，所述第一限位部抵靠于所述集流构件，所述本体部穿过所述壁部，所述壁部至少部分位于所述第一限位部和所述第二限位部之间，以限制所述电极端子相对所述壁部移动；
    其中，所述第一表面环绕所述第一限位部设置。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电池单体，其中，所述绝缘件设置有凹部，所述凹部从所述第一表面向背离所述集流构件的方向凹陷，所述第一限位部的至少一部分容纳于所述凹部内。
  10. 根据权利要求8或9所述的电池单体，其中，沿所述厚度方向，所述第一限位部背离所述第二限位部的表面为第三表面，所述第三表面抵靠于所述集流构件，所述第三表面较所述第一表面更靠近所述集流构件。
  11. 根据权利要求1-10任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一极耳与所述集流构件焊接连接；和/或，所述电极端子与所述集流构件焊接连接。
  12. 根据权利要求1-11任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述外壳包括壳体和端盖；
    所述壳体包括一体成型的侧壁和所述壁部，所述侧壁围设于所述壁部的周围，沿所述厚度方向，所述壁部设置于所述侧壁的一端，所述侧壁的另一端形成开口，所述端盖封闭所述开口。
  13. 根据权利要求1-11任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述外壳包括壳体和端盖；
    沿所述厚度方向，所述壳体的一端形成开口，所述端盖封闭所述开口，所述端盖为所述壁部。
  14. 根据权利要求1-13任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述外壳为圆柱外壳。
  15. 一种电池，包括如权利要求1-14任一项所述的电池单体。
  16. 一种用电设备，包括如权利要求15所述的电池。
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CN113258124A (zh) * 2021-07-06 2021-08-13 江苏时代新能源科技有限公司 电池单体、电池、用电设备及电池单体的制造方法和设备
CN216054941U (zh) * 2021-08-31 2022-03-15 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 电池单体、电池以及用电设备
CN216120664U (zh) * 2021-10-20 2022-03-22 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 电池单体、电池及用电装置
CN216903143U (zh) * 2022-01-28 2022-07-05 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 电池单体、电池及用电装置
CN217158556U (zh) * 2022-04-29 2022-08-09 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 电池单体、电池及用电设备
CN218602681U (zh) * 2022-10-14 2023-03-10 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 电池单体、电池及用电设备

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