WO2024082141A1 - 电池单体、电池及用电设备 - Google Patents

电池单体、电池及用电设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024082141A1
WO2024082141A1 PCT/CN2022/125965 CN2022125965W WO2024082141A1 WO 2024082141 A1 WO2024082141 A1 WO 2024082141A1 CN 2022125965 W CN2022125965 W CN 2022125965W WO 2024082141 A1 WO2024082141 A1 WO 2024082141A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
hole
battery cell
electrode terminal
hole segment
electrode assembly
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/125965
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈圣旺
郭志君
王鹏
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
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Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to CN202280091281.9A priority Critical patent/CN118661314A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2022/125965 priority patent/WO2024082141A1/zh
Publication of WO2024082141A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024082141A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/107—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/543—Terminals
    • H01M50/552—Terminals characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/559—Terminals adapted for cells having curved cross-section, e.g. round, elliptic or button cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/60—Arrangements or processes for filling or topping-up with liquids; Arrangements or processes for draining liquids from casings
    • H01M50/609—Arrangements or processes for filling with liquid, e.g. electrolytes
    • H01M50/627—Filling ports
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/60—Arrangements or processes for filling or topping-up with liquids; Arrangements or processes for draining liquids from casings
    • H01M50/609—Arrangements or processes for filling with liquid, e.g. electrolytes
    • H01M50/627—Filling ports
    • H01M50/636—Closing or sealing filling ports, e.g. using lids

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a battery cell, a battery and an electrical device.
  • Batteries are widely used in electronic devices, such as mobile phones, laptops, electric vehicles, electric cars, electric airplanes, electric boats, electric toy cars, electric toy boats, electric toy airplanes and power tools, etc.
  • battery cells As energy storage elements, battery cells generally generate electrical energy through chemical reactions between electrode assemblies and electrolytes. Battery cells are generally connected to external components to output electrical energy. Therefore, battery cells need to have the ability to make stable electrical connections with external components. How to achieve stable electrical connections between battery cells and external components is a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently in battery technology.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide a battery cell, a battery, and an electrical device, which can achieve stable electrical connection between the battery cell and external components.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a battery cell, including a shell, an electrode assembly, an electrode terminal and a plugging member.
  • the shell has a wall portion; the electrode assembly is accommodated in the shell; the electrode terminal is arranged in the wall portion, the electrode terminal is electrically connected to the electrode assembly, and the electrode terminal is provided with a stepped hole.
  • the electrode terminal has a first surface that is away from and farthest from the electrode assembly.
  • the stepped hole includes a first hole segment and a second hole segment that are arranged continuously.
  • the first hole segment is arranged on the first surface, and the second hole segment is arranged on the side of the first hole segment close to the electrode assembly; the plugging member is at least partially located in the second hole segment, and the plugging member is welded to the electrode terminal, and a welding portion is formed at the welding position; wherein the first hole segment is used to accommodate at least a portion of the welding portion so that the welding portion does not protrude from the first surface.
  • the first hole section of the stepped hole can accommodate the welding portion generated by welding the sealing member to the electrode terminal, so that the welding portion does not protrude from the first surface of the electrode terminal, so that the external component is not easily affected by the welding portion when it abuts against the first surface, and the contact area between the external component and the first surface can be increased, thereby improving the firmness of the connection between the external component and the electrode terminal, and realizing a stable electrical connection between the external component and the electrode terminal, so that a stable current flows between the electrode terminal and the external component.
  • the plugging member includes a main body region and an edge region, the edge region is disposed around the main body region, the welding portion connects the edge region, and at least partially protrudes from the bottom surface of the first hole segment.
  • the edge region and the bottom surface of the first hole segment are connected by the welding portion to fix the plugging member to the electrode terminal.
  • welding can be performed along the edge of the edge region to improve welding efficiency.
  • the edge region has a second surface that is away from and farthest from the electrode assembly, and the second surface is flush with the bottom surface of the first hole segment. In this way, the edge region does not protrude from the bottom surface of the first hole segment, and the second surface is farther from the first surface, so that the welding portion can be farther away from the first surface, further reducing the risk of the welding portion protruding from the first surface.
  • the edge region has a second surface that is away from and farthest from the electrode assembly, and the second surface is located between the first surface and the bottom surface of the first hole segment. In this way, a portion of the edge region protrudes from the bottom surface of the first hole segment, which is more conducive to the welding equipment to identify the outer contour of the edge region during welding, thereby improving welding efficiency and welding quality.
  • the edge region has a first peripheral surface connected to the second surface, and the welding portion connects the first peripheral surface and the bottom surface of the first hole segment.
  • the welding equipment can determine the welding position by identifying the first peripheral surface of the edge region, thereby improving welding efficiency and welding quality. Since the welding portion connects the first peripheral surface and the bottom surface of the first hole segment, the firmness of the edge region after being connected to the electrode terminal through the welding portion can be improved.
  • the distance between the second surface and the bottom surface of the first hole segment is H 1 , satisfying: H 1 ⁇ 0.1 mm. If H 1 >0.1 mm, the distance between the second surface and the bottom surface of the first hole segment is too large, and the distance between the second surface and the first surface is too small, and there is a risk that the welded portion protrudes from the first surface after the edge area is welded to the electrode terminal. If H 1 ⁇ 0.1 mm, the second surface can be further away from the first surface, further reducing the risk of the welded portion protruding from the first surface.
  • the distance between the second surface and the first surface is H 2 , which satisfies: H 2 ⁇ 0.1 mm. If H 2 ⁇ 0.1, the distance between the second surface and the first surface is small, and after the edge area is welded to the electrode terminal, there is a risk that the welded portion protrudes from the first surface. If H 2 ⁇ 0.1 mm, the second surface can be further away from the first surface, further reducing the risk of the welded portion protruding from the first surface.
  • the main body region has a third surface facing away from the electrode assembly, and the third surface is the surface of the plugging member farthest from the electrode assembly; the third surface is flush with the first surface; or, the third surface is closer to the electrode assembly than the first surface.
  • the main body region does not protrude from the first surface, so that the external components can contact the first surface over a large area.
  • the third surface is flush with the first surface, and both the third surface and the first surface can contact the external components, which can increase the flow area between the battery cell and the external components.
  • the blocking member is provided with a groove that is recessed from the third surface toward the electrode assembly, the groove is arranged around the main body area, and the edge area is arranged around the groove.
  • the arrangement of the groove can reduce the influence of the edge area on the main body area when welding with the electrode terminal, and the groove can release the welding stress generated by the welding of the edge area with the electrode terminal, reduce the risk of deformation of the main body area, and ensure the flatness of the third surface.
  • the welding portion is an annular structure disposed around the edge region, so as to improve the firmness of the edge region and the electrode terminal after welding, and to achieve sealing between the edge region and the electrode terminal.
  • the plugging member has a third surface that is away from and farthest from the electrode assembly; the third surface is flush with the first surface; or the third surface is closer to the electrode assembly than the first surface. In this way, the plugging member does not protrude from the first surface, so that the external component can contact the first surface with a large area.
  • the third surface is flush with the first surface, and both the third surface and the first surface can contact the external component, which can increase the flow area between the battery cell and the external component.
  • the distance between the bottom surface of the first hole segment and the first surface is H 3 , satisfying: H 3 ⁇ 0.1 mm. If H 3 ⁇ 0.1 mm, the depth of the first hole segment is shallow, and there is a risk that the welding portion protrudes from the first surface. If H 3 ⁇ 0.1 mm, the depth of the first hole segment can be deeper, further reducing the risk of the welding portion protruding from the first surface.
  • the side surface of the second hole segment is inclined, and the side surface of the second hole segment is set at an obtuse angle to the bottom surface of the second hole segment, thereby reducing the difficulty of the plugging member entering the second hole segment, facilitating the plugging member to be installed in the second hole segment, and improving the installation efficiency of the plugging member.
  • the side surface of the second hole segment is connected to the bottom surface of the first hole segment, and a sharp angle is formed at the connection position.
  • the connection position between the side surface of the second hole segment and the bottom surface of the first hole segment is easy to identify by welding equipment.
  • the sharp angle can be used as a capture position of the welding equipment, and the welding equipment can determine the welding position according to the sharp angle, thereby improving welding efficiency and welding quality.
  • the side surface of the second hole segment is a conical surface.
  • the conical second hole segment has a simple structure and is easy to process.
  • the outer peripheral surface of the blocking member includes an inclined surface, and the inclined surface is arranged facing the hole side surface of the second hole segment. This structure enables more parts of the blocking member to be accommodated in the second hole segment.
  • the plugging member has a butting surface along the thickness direction, and the butting surface butts against the bottom surface of the second hole segment; wherein the angle between the butting surface and the inclined surface is ⁇ 1 , and the angle between the hole side surface of the second hole segment and the bottom surface of the second hole segment is ⁇ 2 , satisfying ⁇ 1 > ⁇ 2 .
  • This structure allows the gap between the hole side surface of the second hole segment and the inclined surface of the plugging member to gradually increase along the depth direction of the second hole segment, so that the plugging member can butt against the bottom surface of the second hole segment, ensuring that the plugging member can be installed in place.
  • the stepped hole further includes a third hole segment, the third hole segment is disposed on the bottom surface of the second hole segment, and the plugging member abuts against the bottom surface of the second hole segment.
  • the provision of the third hole segment can reduce the thickness of the electrode terminal used to connect with the internal components (ears or current collecting components) of the battery cell, making it easier to weld the connection area and the internal components, thereby improving the welding firmness of the two.
  • the electrode terminal has a fourth surface facing the electrode assembly closest to the electrode assembly; the electrode terminal is provided with a medium injection hole, one end of the medium injection hole extends to the fourth surface, and the other end of the medium injection hole is connected to the stepped hole, and the medium injection hole is used to inject electrolyte into the battery cell.
  • the electrolyte can be easily injected into the battery cell through the medium injection hole. After the electrolyte is injected into the battery cell, the medium injection hole can be blocked by a blocking member to reduce the risk of the electrolyte flowing to the outside of the battery cell through the medium injection hole.
  • the electrode terminal includes a body portion, a first limiting portion, and a second limiting portion; along the thickness direction, the first limiting portion and the second limiting portion are respectively connected to the two ends of the body portion, the body portion passes through the wall portion, and the wall portion is at least partially located between the first limiting portion and the second limiting portion to limit the movement of the electrode terminal relative to the wall portion, and the first surface is the surface of the first limiting portion away from the second limiting portion. In this way, the electrode terminal can be limited in the radial and axial directions to fix the electrode terminal to the wall portion.
  • the housing includes a shell and an end cap;
  • the shell includes an integrally formed side wall and a wall portion, the side wall is arranged around the wall portion, along the thickness direction, the wall portion is arranged at one end of the side wall, the other end of the side wall forms an opening, and the end cap closes the opening.
  • the side wall and the wall portion are integrally formed, and the housing has better anti-destruction ability.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a battery, comprising a battery cell provided by any embodiment of the first aspect.
  • the battery includes a busbar and a plurality of battery cells, the plurality of battery cells are electrically connected via the busbar, the busbar abuts against the first surface and is welded to the plugging member, so as to achieve stable flow between the electrode terminal and the busbar.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an electrical device, comprising a battery provided by any embodiment of the second aspect.
  • FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG2 is an exploded view of a battery provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG3 is an exploded view of a battery cell provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the battery cell shown in FIG3 ;
  • FIG5 is a partial view of the battery cell shown in FIG4 ;
  • FIG6 is an assembly diagram of the blocking member and the electrode terminal shown in FIG5 ;
  • FIG7 is a schematic structural diagram of the electrode terminal shown in FIG6 ;
  • FIG8 is a partial enlarged view of point A in FIG6 ;
  • FIG9 is a partial enlarged view of A in FIG6 (without the welding portion);
  • FIG10 is a schematic structural diagram of the blocking member shown in FIG6 ;
  • FIG11 is an assembly diagram of a blocking member and an electrode terminal provided in some other embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG12 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery cell provided in some other embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG13 is an assembly diagram of the blocking member and the electrode terminal shown in FIG12;
  • FIG14 is a schematic structural diagram of the electrode terminal shown in FIG13;
  • FIG15 is a partial enlarged view of point B in FIG13;
  • FIG. 16 is a partial enlarged view of point B in FIG. 13 (without the welding portion).
  • Icons 1-housing; 11-shell; 111-wall; 112-side wall; 12-end cap; 2-electrode assembly; 21-first pole ear; 22-second pole ear; 3-electrode terminal; 31-step hole; 311-first hole section; 3111-first bottom surface; 312-second hole section; 3121-second bottom surface; 3122-hole side surface; 313-third hole section; 32-first surface; 33-fourth surface; 34-medium injection hole; 35-body; 36-first limit part; 37-second limiting part; 4-current collecting member; 5-blocking member; 51-main area; 511-third surface; 52-edge area; 521-second surface; 522-first peripheral surface; 53-groove; 54-inclined surface; 55-rest surface; 6-welding part; 7-seal; 10-battery cell; 20-casing; 201-first part; 202-second part; 100-battery; 200-controller; 300-motor; 1000-vehicle; Z-thickness direction.
  • a and/or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone.
  • the character "/" in this application generally indicates that the associated objects before and after are in an "or" relationship.
  • battery cells may include lithium-ion secondary batteries, lithium-ion primary batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, sodium-lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries or magnesium-ion batteries, etc., and the embodiments of the present application do not limit this.
  • Battery cells may be cylindrical, flat, rectangular or other shapes, etc., and the embodiments of the present application do not limit this. Battery cells are generally divided into three types according to the packaging method: cylindrical battery cells, square battery cells and soft-pack battery cells, and the embodiments of the present application do not limit this.
  • the battery mentioned in the embodiments of the present application refers to a single physical module including one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the battery mentioned in the present application may include a battery module or a battery pack.
  • the battery generally includes a box for encapsulating one or more battery cells. The box can prevent liquid or other foreign matter from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells.
  • the battery cell includes an electrode assembly and an electrolyte.
  • the electrode assembly is composed of a positive electrode sheet, a negative electrode sheet and a separator.
  • the battery cell mainly relies on the movement of metal ions between the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet to work.
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode collector and a positive electrode active material layer.
  • the positive electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive electrode collector.
  • the positive electrode collector not coated with the positive electrode active material layer protrudes from the positive electrode collector coated with the positive electrode active material layer.
  • the positive electrode collector not coated with the positive electrode active material layer serves as a positive electrode ear.
  • the material of the positive electrode collector can be aluminum, and the positive electrode active material can be lithium cobalt oxide, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium or lithium manganese oxide.
  • the negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode collector and a negative electrode active material layer.
  • the negative electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the negative electrode collector.
  • the negative electrode collector not coated with the negative electrode active material layer protrudes from the negative electrode collector coated with the negative electrode active material layer.
  • the negative electrode collector not coated with the negative electrode active material layer serves as a negative electrode ear.
  • the material of the negative electrode collector can be copper, and the negative electrode active material can be carbon or silicon.
  • the number of positive pole ears is multiple and stacked together, and the number of negative pole ears is multiple and stacked together.
  • the material of the isolation film can be PP (polypropylene) or PE (polyethylene).
  • the electrode assembly can be a winding structure or a laminated structure, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto.
  • the electrode terminals of a battery cell generally need to be connected to external components to output the electrical energy of the battery cell.
  • multiple battery cells are generally electrically connected through a busbar component to achieve series, parallel or mixed connection of multiple battery cells.
  • the busbar component needs to be connected to the electrode terminals of the battery cell.
  • the inventors have noticed that after an external component (eg, a busbar component) is connected to an electrode terminal, the external component and the electrode terminal may fall off, and the electric energy of the battery cell cannot be normally output.
  • an external component eg, a busbar component
  • a hole portion may be provided on the electrode terminal to thin the electrode terminal in the area where the hole portion is provided, so as to facilitate connecting the electrode terminal to the internal component, for example, welding the thinned area of the electrode terminal to the internal component to achieve stable flow.
  • a plugging piece needs to be welded on the electrode terminal to plug the hole portion.
  • the inventors discovered that after the sealing piece is welded to the electrode terminal, the welding portion produced by the welding may protrude from the surface of the electrode terminal used to contact the external component, thereby reducing the contact area of the external component after being connected to the terminal body, making it easy for the external component to detach from the electrode terminal, and the electrical connection stability between the external component and the electrode terminal is poor.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a battery cell, wherein an electrode terminal is provided with a stepped hole, the electrode terminal has a first surface farthest from the electrode assembly, the stepped hole comprises a first hole segment and a second hole segment which are arranged continuously, the first hole segment is arranged on the first surface, and the second hole segment is arranged on a side of the first hole segment close to the electrode assembly.
  • the plugging member is at least partially located in the second hole segment, the plugging member is welded to the electrode terminal, and a welding portion is formed at the welding position.
  • the first hole segment is used to accommodate at least a portion of the welding portion so that the welding portion does not protrude from the first surface.
  • the first hole section of the stepped hole can accommodate the welding portion produced by welding the sealing member to the electrode terminal, so that the welding portion does not protrude from the first surface of the electrode terminal, and the external component is not easily affected by the welding portion when it abuts against the first surface.
  • the contact area between the external component and the first surface can be increased, the firmness of the connection between the external component and the electrode terminal is improved, and a stable electrical connection between the external component and the electrode terminal can be achieved.
  • the battery cells described in the embodiments of the present application are suitable for batteries and electrical equipment using the batteries.
  • Electrical equipment may be vehicles, mobile phones, portable devices, laptops, ships, spacecraft, electric toys, and electric tools, etc.
  • Vehicles may be fuel vehicles, gas vehicles, or new energy vehicles, and new energy vehicles may be pure electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles, or extended-range vehicles, etc.
  • spacecraft include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, and spacecraft, etc.
  • electric toys include fixed or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric ship toys, and electric airplane toys, etc.
  • electric tools include metal cutting electric tools, grinding electric tools, assembly electric tools, and railway electric tools, such as electric drills, electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators, and electric planers, etc.
  • the embodiments of the present application do not impose any special restrictions on the above-mentioned electrical equipment.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle 1000 provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • a battery 100 is disposed inside the vehicle 1000, and the battery 100 can be disposed at the bottom, head, or tail of the vehicle 1000.
  • the battery 100 can be used to power the vehicle 1000, for example, the battery 100 can be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000.
  • the vehicle 1000 may further include a controller 200 and a motor 300 , wherein the controller 200 is used to control the battery 100 to supply power to the motor 300 , for example, to meet the power requirements of starting, navigating, and driving the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 can not only serve as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000, but also serve as a driving power source for the vehicle 1000, replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1000.
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded view of a battery 100 provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery 100 includes a battery cell 10 and a box 20 .
  • the box 20 is used to accommodate the battery cell 10 .
  • the box body 20 is a component for accommodating the battery cell 10.
  • the box body 20 provides a storage space for the battery cell 10.
  • the box body 20 can adopt a variety of structures.
  • the box body 20 may include a first part 201 and a second part 202, and the first part 201 and the second part 202 cover each other to define a storage space for accommodating the battery cell 10.
  • the first part 201 and the second part 202 may be in a variety of shapes, such as a cuboid, a cylinder, etc.
  • the first part 201 may be a hollow structure with one side open
  • the second part 202 may also be a hollow structure with one side open
  • the open side of the second part 202 covers the open side of the first part 201, so as to form a box body 20 with a storage space.
  • the first part 201 is a hollow structure with one side open
  • the second part 202 is a plate-like structure
  • the second part 202 covers the open side of the first part 201, so as to form a box body 20 with a storage space.
  • the battery 100 there may be one or more battery cells 10. If there are more than one battery cell 10, the battery cells 10 may be connected in series, in parallel, or in a mixed connection.
  • a mixed connection means that the battery cells 10 are both connected in series and in parallel.
  • a battery module may be formed by connecting a plurality of battery cells 10 in series, in parallel, or in a mixed connection, and then the plurality of battery modules are connected in series, in parallel, or in a mixed connection to form a whole and accommodated in the box 20.
  • all the battery cells 10 may be directly connected in series, in parallel, or in a mixed connection, and then the whole formed by all the battery cells 10 is accommodated in the box 20.
  • the battery 100 may further include a busbar, through which multiple battery cells 10 may be electrically connected to each other, so as to realize series connection, parallel connection or mixed connection of multiple battery cells 10.
  • the busbar may be a metal conductor, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, etc.
  • Figure 3 is an exploded view of a battery cell 10 provided in some embodiments of the present application
  • Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the battery cell 10 shown in Figure 3.
  • the battery cell 10 may include a housing 1, an electrode assembly 2 and an electrode terminal 3.
  • the shell 1 is used to accommodate the electrode assembly 2, electrolyte and other components.
  • the shell 1 may include a shell 11 and an end cover 12.
  • the end cover 12 closes the opening of the shell 11.
  • the end cover 12 and the shell 11 together define a sealed space for accommodating the electrode assembly 2, electrolyte and other components.
  • the shell 11 is a component for accommodating the electrode assembly 2.
  • the shell 11 may be a hollow structure with an opening formed at one end, or a hollow structure with openings formed at opposite ends.
  • the shell 11 may be in various shapes, such as a cylinder, a cuboid, etc.
  • the shell 11 may be made of various materials, such as copper, iron, aluminum, steel, aluminum alloy, etc.
  • the end cap 12 is a component that closes the opening of the shell 11 to isolate the internal environment of the battery cell 10 from the external environment.
  • the shape of the end cap 12 can be adapted to the shape of the shell 11.
  • the shell 11 is a rectangular parallelepiped structure
  • the end cap 12 is a rectangular plate structure adapted to the shell 11.
  • the shell 11 is a cylindrical structure
  • the end cap 12 is a circular plate structure adapted to the shell 11.
  • the material of the end cap 12 can also be a variety of materials, such as copper, iron, aluminum, steel, aluminum alloy, etc.
  • the material of the end cap 12 can be the same as or different from the material of the shell 11.
  • one or two end caps 12 may be provided.
  • the housing 11 is a hollow structure with openings formed at two opposite ends, two end caps 12 may be provided correspondingly, and the two end caps 12 respectively close the two openings of the housing 11; for another example, in the embodiments described in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, if the housing 11 is a hollow structure with an opening at one end, one end cap 12 may be provided correspondingly, and one end cap 12 closes one opening of the housing 11.
  • the electrode assembly 2 is a component in the battery cell 10 where an electrochemical reaction occurs.
  • the electrode assembly 2 may include a positive electrode sheet, a negative electrode sheet, and a separator.
  • the electrode assembly 2 may be a wound structure formed by winding a positive electrode sheet, a separator, and a negative electrode sheet, or a laminated structure formed by stacking a positive electrode sheet, a separator, and a negative electrode sheet.
  • the electrode assembly 2 has a first pole ear 21 and a second pole ear 22, one of which is a positive pole ear and the other is a negative pole ear.
  • the positive pole ear may be a portion of the positive electrode sheet that is not coated with a positive electrode active material layer
  • the negative pole ear may be a portion of the negative electrode sheet that is not coated with a negative electrode active material layer.
  • the electrode terminal 3 is a component of the battery cell 10 for connecting with an external component (eg, a busbar component) to output the electric energy of the battery cell 10.
  • the electrode terminal 3 may be mounted on the housing 11 or the end cap 12.
  • the electrode terminal 3 can be arranged on the wall opposite to the shell 11 and the end cover 12, the electrode terminal 3 is electrically connected to the first pole ear 21 of the electrode assembly 2, and the end cover 12 is electrically connected to the second pole ear 22 of the electrode assembly 2.
  • the electrode terminal 3 and the first pole tab 21 can be directly connected or indirectly connected, and the end cap 12 and the second pole tab 22 can be directly connected or indirectly connected.
  • the electrode terminal 3 and the first pole tab 21 are indirectly connected through a current collecting member 4, and the end cap 12 and the second pole tab 22 are indirectly connected through another current collecting member 4.
  • the electrode terminal 3 and the first pole tab 21 can be welded to one current collecting member 4, and the end cap 12 and the second pole tab 22 can be welded to another current collecting member 4.
  • the current collecting member 4 is a metal conductor, such as copper, iron, aluminum, steel, aluminum alloy, etc., and the current collecting member 4 can be disc-shaped.
  • Figure 5 is a partial view of the battery cell 10 shown in Figure 4;
  • Figure 6 is an assembly diagram of the plugging member 5 and the electrode terminal 3 shown in Figure 5;
  • Figure 7 is a structural schematic diagram of the electrode terminal 3 shown in Figure 6.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a battery cell 10, including a shell 1, an electrode assembly 2, an electrode terminal 3 and a plugging member 5.
  • the shell 1 has a wall portion 111, and the electrode assembly 2 is accommodated in the shell 1.
  • the electrode terminal 3 is arranged on the wall portion 111, and the electrode terminal 3 is electrically connected to the electrode assembly 2.
  • the electrode terminal 3 is provided with a stepped hole 31.
  • the electrode terminal 3 has a first surface 32 that is away from and farthest from the electrode assembly 2.
  • the stepped hole 31 includes a first hole section 311 and a second hole section 312 that are continuously arranged.
  • the first hole section 311 is arranged on the first surface 32, and the second hole section 312 is arranged on the side of the first hole section 311 close to the electrode assembly 2.
  • the plugging member 5 is at least partially located in the second hole section 312, and the plugging member 5 is welded to the electrode terminal 3, and a welding portion 6 is formed at the welding position.
  • the first hole section 311 is used to accommodate at least a portion of the welding portion 6 so that the welding portion 6 does not protrude from the first surface 32 .
  • the wall portion 111 may be the end cap 12 in the housing 1; the wall portion 111 may also be a wall in the shell 11 of the housing 1.
  • the wall portion 111 is a wall in the shell 11 opposite to the end cap 12.
  • the thickness direction Z of the wall portion 111 may be the axial direction of the housing 1.
  • the electrode terminal 3 is disposed on the wall portion 111, and a through hole is disposed on the wall portion 111 for the electrode terminal 3 to pass through.
  • a sealing member 7 may be disposed between the electrode terminal 3 and the wall portion 111.
  • the first surface 32 is the outer surface of the electrode terminal 3 facing away from the electrode assembly 2.
  • the first surface 32 is also the outer surface of the electrode terminal 3 farthest from the electrode assembly 2.
  • the first surface 32 is located outside the housing 1, and the first surface 32 may be a plane.
  • the first hole segment 311 is the hole segment closest to the first surface 32 in the stepped hole 31, and one end of the first hole segment 311 away from the second hole segment 312 extends to the first surface 32.
  • the second hole segment 312 is farther away from the first surface 32 than the first hole segment 311.
  • the first hole segment 311 and the second hole segment 312 may be cylindrical hole segments, conical hole segments, square hole segments, etc.
  • the first hole section 311 and the second hole section 312 both have bottom surfaces, the bottom surface of the first hole section 311 is the first bottom surface 3111, the bottom surface of the second hole section 312 is the second bottom surface 3121, along the thickness direction Z, the end of the second hole section 312 away from the electrode assembly 2 extends to the first bottom surface 3111, and the first bottom surface 3111 is closer to the first surface 32 than the second bottom surface 3121.
  • the first bottom surface 3111 and the second bottom surface 3121 can be planes, and the first bottom surface 3111 and the second bottom surface 3121 can be arranged in parallel.
  • the plugging member 5 is a component for plugging the stepped hole 31.
  • the plugging member 5 may be partially located in the second hole section 312, or may be entirely located in the second hole section 312.
  • the plugging member 5 may be a circular plate, a square plate, etc.
  • the material of the plugging member 5 may be the same as that of the end cover 12, and the plugging member 5 may be made of copper, iron, aluminum, steel, aluminum alloy, etc.
  • the welding part 6 is the part that connects the blocking member 5 and the electrode terminal 3 after the blocking member 5 and the electrode terminal 3 are welded together.
  • the weld mark area formed by welding the blocking member 5 and the electrode terminal 3 is the welding part 6, and the weld mark area can be different in color from other areas.
  • the first hole section 311 serves to accommodate the welding portion 6.
  • the first hole section 311 can accommodate a portion of the welding portion 6, or the first hole section 311 can accommodate the entire welding portion 6.
  • a portion of the welding portion 6 protrudes from the first bottom surface 3111, and the first hole section 311 accommodates the portion of the welding portion 6 protruding from the first bottom surface 3111.
  • the welding portion 6 does not protrude from the first surface 32. It is understandable that, along the thickness direction Z, the welding portion 6 has no portion that is further away from the electrode assembly 2 than the first surface 32.
  • the first hole section 311 of the stepped hole 31 can accommodate the welding portion 6 generated by welding the plugging member 5 to the electrode terminal 3, so that the welding portion 6 does not protrude from the first surface 32 of the electrode terminal 3, so that the external component is not easily affected by the welding portion 6 when it abuts against the first surface 32, and the contact area between the external component and the first surface 32 can be increased, and the firmness of the external component connected to the electrode terminal 3 is improved, and the external component can be stably electrically connected to the electrode terminal 3, so that the electrode terminal 3 and the external component have a stable flow of current.
  • the electrode terminal 3 of the battery cell 10 of this structure has the ability to achieve a stable electrical connection with the external component.
  • the external component may be a conductive member of various structural forms, for example, a busbar component for realizing electrical connection of a plurality of battery cells 10 .
  • the busbar component can be in contact with the first surface 32 over a large area, and cold solder joints are not prone to occur when welding the busbar component and the electrode terminal 3.
  • the welding has good firmness, allowing stable current flow between the busbar component and the electrode terminal 3, thereby achieving a stable electrical connection between the busbar component and the electrode terminal 3.
  • Figure 8 is a partial enlarged view of A in Figure 6
  • Figure 9 is a partial enlarged view of A in Figure 6 (without the welding portion 6)
  • Figure 10 is a schematic structural diagram of the plugging member 5 shown in Figure 6.
  • the plugging member 5 includes a main body area 51 and an edge area 52, the edge area 52 is arranged around the main body area 51, and the welding portion 6 is connected to the edge area 52 and at least partially protrudes from the bottom surface of the first hole section 311 (the first bottom surface 3111).
  • the main area 51 is the central part of the plugging member 5, and the edge area 52 is the edge part of the plugging member 5.
  • the edge area 52 surrounds the main area 51, and the edge area 52 and the main area 51 can be integrally formed.
  • the plugging member 5 as a circular plate as an example
  • the main area 51 can be a circular area located at the center of the plugging member 5
  • the edge area 52 can be an annular area surrounding the main area 51.
  • the welding portion 6 can partially protrude from the first bottom surface 3111, or can completely protrude from the first bottom surface 3111, and the welding portion 6 connects the edge area 52 and the first bottom surface 3111.
  • the edge region 52 and the first bottom surface 3111 are connected by the welding portion 6 to fix the blocking member 5 to the electrode terminal 3. During welding, welding can be performed along the edge of the edge region 52 to improve welding efficiency.
  • FIG. 11 is an assembly diagram of the plugging member 5 and the electrode terminal 3 provided in other embodiments of the present application.
  • the edge region 52 has a second surface 521 that is away from and farthest from the electrode assembly 2, and the second surface 521 is flush with the bottom surface of the first hole segment 311 (the first bottom surface 3111).
  • the second surface 521 is the outer surface of the edge region 52 facing away from the electrode assembly 2.
  • the second surface 521 is also the outer surface of the edge region 52 farthest from the electrode assembly 2.
  • the second surface 521 can be a plane.
  • the second surface 521 and the bottom surface of the first hole segment 311 (first bottom surface 3111) are located in the same plane.
  • welding can be performed along the welding seam between the second surface 521 and the bottom surface of the first hole section 311 (first bottom surface 3111 ), so that the welding portion 6 is at least partially formed at the welding seam.
  • the second surface 521 is flush with the bottom surface of the first hole segment 311 (the first bottom surface 3111), so that the edge area 52 does not protrude from the bottom surface of the first hole segment 311 (the first bottom surface 3111), and the second surface 521 is farther from the first surface 32, so that the welding portion 6 can be further away from the first surface 32, further reducing the risk of the welding portion 6 protruding from the first surface 32.
  • the edge area 52 has a second surface 521 that is away from and farthest from the electrode assembly 2.
  • the second surface 521 is located between the first surface 32 and the bottom surface of the first hole segment 311 (the first bottom surface 3111).
  • the first surface 32 is farther from the electrode assembly 2 than the second surface 521
  • the second surface 521 is farther from the electrode assembly 2 than the bottom surface of the first hole segment 311 .
  • the second surface 521 is located between the first surface 32 and the bottom surface of the first hole section 311 (the first bottom surface 3111), so that a portion of the edge area 52 protrudes from the bottom surface of the first hole section 311 (the first bottom surface 3111).
  • it is more conducive to the welding equipment to identify the outer contour of the edge area 52, thereby improving the welding efficiency and welding quality.
  • the edge region 52 has a first outer peripheral surface 522 connected to the second surface 521 , and the welding portion 6 connects the first outer peripheral surface 522 and the bottom surface (first bottom surface 3111 ) of the first hole segment 311 .
  • the first outer peripheral surface 522 may extend along the thickness direction Z.
  • the welding portion 6 may partially protrude from the first outer peripheral surface 522, or may completely protrude from the first outer peripheral surface 522, so that the welding portion 6 is connected to the first outer peripheral surface 522.
  • the welding portion 6 may also partially protrude from the bottom surface (first bottom surface 3111) of the first hole section 311, or may completely protrude from the bottom surface (first bottom surface 3111) of the first hole section 311, so that the welding portion 6 is connected to the bottom surface (first bottom surface 3111) of the first hole section 311.
  • the welding equipment can determine the welding position by identifying the first outer peripheral surface 522 of the edge area 52, thereby improving welding efficiency and welding quality. Since the welding portion 6 connects the first outer peripheral surface 522 and the bottom surface (first bottom surface 3111) of the first hole section 311, the firmness of the edge area 52 after being connected to the electrode terminal 3 through the welding portion 6 can be improved.
  • the distance between the second surface 521 and the bottom surface of the first hole segment 311 (the first bottom surface 3111 ) is H 1 , satisfying: H 1 ⁇ 0.1 mm.
  • the distance H1 between the second surface 521 and the bottom surface of the first hole segment 311 (the first bottom surface 3111 ) is the height of the edge region 52 protruding from the bottom surface of the first hole segment 311 (the first bottom surface 3111 ).
  • H1 can be 0.01mm, 0.02mm, 0.03mm, 0.04mm, 0.05mm, 0.06mm, 0.07mm, 0.08mm, 0.09mm, 0.1mm, etc.
  • H 1 ⁇ 0.1 mm which can make the second surface 521 further away from the first surface 32 , further reducing the risk of the welding portion 6 protruding from the first surface 32 .
  • the distance between the second surface 521 and the first surface 32 is H 2 , which satisfies: H 2 ⁇ 0.1 mm.
  • H2 can be 0.1mm, 0.2mm, 0.3mm, 0.4mm, 0.5mm, 0.6mm, 0.7mm, 0.8mm, 0.9mm, 1mm, etc.
  • H 2 ⁇ 0.1 mm which can make the second surface 521 further away from the first surface 32 and further reduce the risk of the welding portion 6 protruding from the first surface 32 .
  • the main area 51 has a third surface 511 facing away from the electrode assembly 2.
  • the third surface 511 is the surface of the sealing member 5 farthest from the electrode assembly 2, and the third surface 511 is flush with the first surface 32.
  • the third surface 511 is the outer surface of the main body region 51 away from the electrode assembly 2, and the third surface 511 is also the outer surface of the plugging member 5 farthest from the electrode assembly 2.
  • the third surface 511 can be a plane, and the third surface 511 and the first surface 32 are located in the same plane. Along the thickness direction Z, the third surface 511 is farther away from the electrode assembly 2 than the second surface 521.
  • the third surface 511 is flush with the first surface 32, the blocking member 5 is entirely located in the stepped hole 31, and the main body area 51 does not protrude from the first surface 32, so that the external component can contact the first surface 32 over a large area.
  • both the third surface 511 and the first surface 32 can contact the external component, which can increase the flow area between the battery cell 10 and the external component.
  • the main body region 51 has a third surface 511 away from the electrode assembly 2, the third surface 511 is the surface of the plugging member 5 farthest from the electrode assembly 2, and the third surface 511 is closer to the electrode assembly 2 than the first surface 32.
  • the plugging member 5 is entirely located in the stepped hole 31, and the main body region 51 does not protrude from the first surface 32, reducing the risk of interference between external components and the main body region 51, so that the external components can contact the first surface 32 with a large area.
  • the sealing member 5 is provided with a groove 53 that is recessed from the third surface 511 toward the direction close to the electrode assembly 2, the groove 53 is arranged around the main body area 51, and the edge area 52 is arranged around the groove 53.
  • the groove 53 may be an annular groove provided on the plugging member 5. Along the radial direction of the plugging member 5, the area of the plugging member 5 located within the groove 53 is the main area 51, and the area located outside the groove 53 is the edge area 52. The third surface 511 of the main area 51 is connected to the second surface 521 of the edge area 52 through the groove wall of the groove 53.
  • the groove 53 may be formed in a variety of ways, such as stamping, milling, etc.
  • the setting of the groove 53 can reduce the impact of the edge area 52 on the main area 51 when welding with the electrode terminal 3.
  • the groove 53 can release the welding stress generated by the welding of the edge area 52 and the electrode terminal 3, reduce the risk of deformation of the main area 51, and ensure the flatness of the third surface 511.
  • the groove 53 is provided to ensure the flatness of the third surface 511, cold welding is less likely to occur when the external component contacts the third surface 511 and is welded to the main body area 51, thereby ensuring the welding firmness of the external component and the main body area 51.
  • the welding portion 6 is an annular structure disposed around the edge region 52 .
  • welding may be performed along the entire circumference of the edge region 52 to form a corresponding ring-shaped welding portion 6 .
  • the welding portion 6 is an annular structure, which improves the firmness of the edge area 52 and the electrode terminal 3 after welding and can achieve sealing between the edge area 52 and the electrode terminal 3 .
  • the blocking member 5 has a third surface 511 that is away from and farthest from the electrode assembly 2 , and the third surface 511 is flush with the first surface 32 .
  • the third surface 511 may be a surface of the main region 51 that faces away from the electrode assembly 2 along the thickness direction Z.
  • the third surface 511 is flush with the first surface 32, the blocking member 5 is entirely located in the stepped hole 31, and the main body area 51 does not protrude from the first surface 32, so that the external component can contact the first surface 32 over a large area.
  • both the third surface 511 and the first surface 32 can contact the external component, which can increase the flow area between the battery cell 10 and the external component.
  • the plugging member 5 has a third surface 511 that is away from and farthest from the electrode assembly 2, and the third surface 511 is closer to the electrode assembly 2 than the first surface 32. In this way, the plugging member 5 is entirely located in the stepped hole 31, and the main body area 51 does not protrude from the first surface 32, thereby reducing the risk of interference between the external components and the plugging member 5, so that the external components can contact the first surface 32 with a large area.
  • the distance between the bottom surface of the first hole segment 311 (the first bottom surface 3111 ) and the first surface 32 is H 3 , satisfying: H 3 ⁇ 0.1 mm.
  • H3 The distance between the bottom surface of the first hole section 311 (first bottom surface 3111) and the first surface 32 is H3, which is the depth of the first hole section 311.
  • H3 can be 0.1mm, 0.2mm, 0.3mm, 0.4mm, 0.5mm, 0.6mm, 0.7mm, 0.8mm, 0.9mm, 1mm, etc. For example, H3 ⁇ 0.2mm
  • H 3 is less than 0.1 mm, the depth of the first hole section 311 is relatively shallow, and there is a risk that the welding portion 6 protrudes from the first surface 32 .
  • the inventors have noticed that when the plugging member 5 is welded to the electrode terminal 3, the height of the portion of the welding portion 6 protruding from the bottom surface of the first hole segment 311 (the first bottom surface 3111) generally does not exceed 0.1 mm. H 3 ⁇ 0.1 mm can make the depth of the first hole segment 311 deeper, further reducing the risk of the welding portion 6 protruding from the first surface 32.
  • the hole side surface 3122 of the second hole segment 312 is tilted, and the hole side surface 3122 of the second hole segment 312 is set at an obtuse angle to the bottom surface (second bottom surface 3121 ) of the second hole segment 312 .
  • the hole side surface 3122 of the second hole segment 312 connects the bottom surface (second bottom surface 3121) of the second hole segment 312 and the bottom surface (first bottom surface 3111) of the first hole segment 311.
  • the hole side surface 3122 of the second hole segment 312 can be a conical surface; the hole side surface 3122 of the second hole segment 312 can also be a pyramidal surface, for example, the hole side surface 3122 of the second hole segment 312 is a quadrangular pyramid.
  • the hole side surface 3122 of the second hole segment 312 is set at an obtuse angle to the bottom surface (second bottom surface 3121) of the second hole segment 312, which reduces the difficulty of the sealing member 5 entering the second hole segment 312, facilitates the installation of the sealing member 5 into the second hole segment 312, and can improve the installation efficiency of the sealing member 5.
  • the hole side surface 3122 of the second hole segment 312 is connected to the bottom surface (first bottom surface 3111 ) of the first hole segment 311 , and a sharp angle is formed at the connection position.
  • connection position of the hole side surface 3122 of the second hole segment 312 and the bottom surface (first bottom surface 3111) of the first hole segment 311 forms a sharp angle. It can be understood that the hole side surface 3122 of the second hole segment 312 and the bottom surface (first bottom surface 3111) of the first hole segment 311 do not transition through a rounded corner.
  • the welding portion 6 is located at the connection position of the hole side surface 3122 and the bottom surface (first bottom surface 3111) of the first hole segment 311.
  • the sharp corner of the connection position between the hole side surface 3122 of the second hole segment 312 and the bottom surface (first bottom surface 3111) of the first hole segment 311 is easy to identify by welding equipment.
  • the sharp corner can be used as a capture position of the welding equipment, and the welding equipment can determine the welding position according to the sharp corner, thereby improving welding efficiency and welding quality.
  • the hole side surface 3122 of the second hole segment 312 is a conical surface. It can be understood that the second hole segment 312 is a conical hole segment.
  • the conical second hole segment 312 has a simple structure and is easy to process.
  • the outer peripheral surface of the blocking member 5 includes an inclined surface 54 , and the inclined surface 54 is disposed facing the hole side surface 3122 of the second hole segment 312 .
  • the inclined surface 54 and the hole side surface 3122 of the second hole segment 312 can be arranged in parallel, or at a small angle, for example, the angle between the two is 3°, 5°, 8° or 10°, etc. It should be noted that the angle between the inclined surface 54 and the hole side surface 3122 of the second hole segment 312 does not exceed 10°, which should be understood as the inclined surface 54 and the hole side surface 3122 of the second hole segment 312 facing each other.
  • the edge region 52 of the blocking member 5 has a first outer peripheral surface 522
  • the first outer peripheral surface 522 is connected to the inclined surface 54
  • both the first outer peripheral surface 522 and the inclined surface 54 are part of the outer peripheral surface of the blocking member 5 .
  • the inclined surface 54 is arranged to face the hole side surface 3122 of the second hole section 312 . This structure enables more parts of the blocking member 5 to be accommodated in the second hole section 312 .
  • the blocking member 5 has abutting surface 55, and the abutting surface 55 abuts against the bottom surface (second bottom surface 3121) of the second hole segment 312.
  • the abutting surface 55 and the inclined surface 54 form an angle of ⁇ 1
  • the hole side surface 3122 of the second hole segment 312 and the bottom surface (second bottom surface 3121) of the second hole segment 312 form an angle of ⁇ 2 , satisfying ⁇ 1 > ⁇ 2 .
  • the abutment surface 55 is the surface of the abutment member used for contacting the bottom surface of the second hole section 312 (the second bottom surface 3121).
  • the abutment surface 55 can be the surface of the abutment member closest to the electrode assembly 2 along the thickness direction Z.
  • the abutment surface 55 can be a plane connected to the inclined surface 54.
  • ⁇ 1 may be larger than ⁇ 2 by 1°, 2°, 3°, 4°, 5°, 6°, 7°, 8°, 9°, 10°, etc.
  • ⁇ 1 > ⁇ 2 , so that the gap between the hole side surface 3122 of the second hole segment 312 and the inclined surface 54 of the blocking member 5 gradually increases along the depth direction of the second hole segment 312 , so that the blocking member 5 can abut against the bottom surface (second bottom surface 3121 ) of the second hole segment 312 , ensuring that the blocking member 5 can be installed in place.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the battery cell 10 provided in other embodiments of the present application
  • Figure 13 is an assembly diagram of the plugging member 5 and the electrode terminal 3 shown in Figure 12
  • Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electrode terminal 3 shown in Figure 13
  • Figure 15 is a partial enlarged view of B in Figure 13
  • Figure 16 is a partial enlarged view of B in Figure 13 (without the welding portion 6).
  • the stepped hole 31 also includes a third hole segment 313, the third hole segment 313 is arranged on the bottom surface (second bottom surface 3121) of the second hole segment 312, and the plugging member 5 abuts against the bottom surface (second bottom surface 3121) of the second hole segment 312.
  • the third hole segment 313 extends from one end of the electrode assembly 2 to the bottom surface of the second hole segment 312 (the second bottom surface 3121).
  • the third hole segment 313 can be a cylindrical hole segment, a conical hole segment, a square hole segment, etc.
  • the minimum aperture of the first hole segment 311 is greater than the maximum aperture of the second hole segment 312, and the minimum aperture of the second hole segment 312 is greater than the maximum aperture of the third hole segment 313.
  • the first hole segment 311 and the second hole segment 312 are both conical hole segments, and the third hole segment 313 is a cylindrical hole segment.
  • the first hole segment 311 can be formed on the first surface 32 first; then the second hole segment 312 can be formed on the bottom surface (first bottom surface 3111) of the first hole segment 311; and then the third hole segment 313 can be formed on the bottom surface (second bottom surface 3121) of the second hole segment 312.
  • the abutting surface 55 of the blocking member 5 abuts against the bottom surface (second bottom surface 3121 ) of the second hole section 312 , and the blocking member 5 covers the third hole section 313 .
  • the third hole section 313 can reduce the thickness of the electrode terminal 3 used to connect with the internal components of the battery cell 10, making it easier to weld the connection area and the internal components and improving the welding strength of the two.
  • the internal component is the current collecting member 4 connecting the electrode terminal 3 and the first electrode tab 21 .
  • the electrode terminal 3 has a fourth surface 33 facing the electrode assembly 2.
  • the electrode terminal 3 is provided with a medium injection hole 34, one end of the medium injection hole 34 extends to the fourth surface 33, and the other end of the medium injection hole 34 is connected to the stepped hole 31.
  • the medium injection hole 34 is used to inject electrolyte into the battery cell 10.
  • the fourth surface 33 is the inner surface of the electrode terminal 3 facing the electrode assembly 2.
  • the fourth surface 33 is also the inner surface of the electrode terminal 3 closest to the electrode assembly 2.
  • the fourth inner surface is located inside the housing 1.
  • the fourth inner surface can be a plane.
  • the fourth surface 33 and the first surface 32 are two end surfaces of the electrode terminal 3, respectively.
  • the fourth surface 33 can be against the internal components located inside the battery cell 10.
  • the electrode terminal 3 is connected to the first pole ear 21 through the current collecting member 4.
  • the fourth surface 33 can be against the current collecting member 4.
  • the medium injection hole 34 may be a cylindrical hole, a conical hole, a square hole, etc.
  • the medium injection hole 34 is used to connect the stepped hole 31 and the inside of the battery cell 10.
  • the medium injection hole 34 is connected to the second hole segment 312; as shown in FIG14, in the embodiment where the stepped hole 31 includes the first hole segment 311, the second hole segment 312 and the third hole segment 313, the medium injection hole 34 may be connected to the third hole segment 313.
  • the medium injection hole 34 may be directly connected to the third hole segment 313, or indirectly connected through other hole segments.
  • electrolyte can be conveniently injected into the battery cell 10 through the medium injection hole 34.
  • the medium injection hole 34 can be blocked by the blocking member 5 to reduce the risk of the electrolyte flowing to the outside of the battery cell 10 through the medium injection hole 34.
  • the plugging member 5 can extend into the medium injection hole 34 and form a seal to block the medium injection hole 34.
  • the plugging member 5 may not extend into the medium injection hole 34, and the plugging member 5 forms a seal with any hole segment in the stepped hole 31, so as to achieve the blocking of the medium injection hole 34.
  • the plugging member 5 partially extends into the second hole segment 312, and the plugging member 5 is welded to the electrode terminal 3 to form a sealed connection, so as to achieve the blocking of the medium injection hole 34 by the plugging member 5.
  • the electrode terminal 3 includes a body portion 35, a first stop portion 36, and a second stop portion 37.
  • the first stop portion 36 and the second stop portion 37 are respectively connected to the two ends of the body portion 35, the body portion 35 passes through the wall portion 111, and the wall portion 111 is at least partially located between the first stop portion 36 and the second stop portion 37 to limit the movement of the electrode terminal 3 relative to the wall portion 111, and the first surface 32 is the surface of the first stop portion 36 away from the second stop portion 37.
  • the main body 35, the first limiting portion 36 and the second limiting portion 37 may be an integrally formed structure.
  • the main body passes through the through hole on the wall 111, the first limiting portion 36 is located outside the housing 1, and the second limiting portion 37 is located inside the housing 11.
  • the main body 35, the first limiting portion 36 and the second limiting portion 37 form a riveted structure riveted to the wall 111.
  • the main body 35, the first limiting portion 36 and the second limiting portion 37 may be coaxially arranged cylindrical structures, and the diameter of the first limiting portion 36 and the diameter of the second limiting portion 37 are both larger than the diameter of the main body 35.
  • the first stopper 36 is used to connect with an external component
  • the second stopper 37 is used to electrically connect the electrode assembly 2.
  • the electrode terminal 3 is connected to the first electrode tab 21 through the current collecting member 4, and the stepped hole 31 has the third hole section 313, the second stopper 37 abuts against the current collecting member 4, and the area of the electrode terminal 3 located at the bottom of the third hole section 313 can be used for welding with the current collecting member 4.
  • the main body 35 passes through the wall 111 , and the wall 111 is at least partially located between the first limiting portion 36 and the second limiting portion 37 , so as to limit the electrode terminal 3 in radial and axial directions and fix the electrode terminal 3 to the wall 111 .
  • the housing 1 includes a shell 11 and an end cover 12.
  • the shell 11 includes an integrally formed side wall 112 and a wall portion 111, the side wall 112 is arranged around the wall portion 111, along the thickness direction Z, the wall portion 111 is arranged at one end of the side wall 112, the other end of the side wall 112 forms an opening, and the end cover 12 closes the opening.
  • the end cap 12 and the housing 11 can be connected in various ways, such as welding and crimping.
  • the housing 11 can be formed into an integral side wall 112 and a wall portion 111 by stamping, stretching, etc.
  • the housing 11 is a cylindrical structure
  • the end cap 12 is a circular structure.
  • the side wall 112 and the wall portion 111 are integrally formed, and the housing 1 has better anti-destruction ability.
  • the connection position between the wall portion 111 and the side wall 112 is not easily damaged by the electrode terminal 3.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides a battery 100, comprising a battery cell 10 provided in any one of the above embodiments.
  • the battery 100 includes a busbar and multiple battery cells 10, the multiple battery cells 10 are electrically connected through the busbar, the busbar abuts against the first surface 32, and is welded to the blocking member 5 to achieve stable flow between the electrode terminal 3 and the busbar.
  • the busbar component may also be against the first surface 32 and connected to the electrode terminal 3 by welding.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides an electrical device, comprising the battery 100 provided in any one of the above embodiments.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides a cylindrical battery cell, including a shell 1, an electrode assembly 2, an electrode terminal 3, a current collecting member 4, a plugging member 5 and a sealing member 7.
  • the shell 1 includes a shell 11 and an end cap 12.
  • the shell 11 includes an integrally formed side wall 112 and a wall portion 111.
  • the side wall 112 is arranged around the wall portion 111.
  • the wall portion 111 is arranged at one end of the side wall 112, and the other end of the side wall 112 forms an opening, and the end cap 12 closes the opening.
  • the electrode terminal 3 is riveted to the wall portion 111.
  • the sealing member 7 is arranged between the electrode terminal 3 and the wall portion 111, and the sealing member 7 is used to achieve a sealed connection between the electrode terminal 3 and the wall portion 111.
  • the electrode assembly 2 is accommodated in the outer shell 1, and the electrode assembly 2 has a first electrode tab 21 and a second electrode tab 22.
  • the first electrode tab 21 is connected to the electrode terminal 3 through a current collecting component 4.
  • the first electrode tab 21 and the electrode terminal 3 are both welded to the current collecting component 4.
  • the second electrode tab 22 is connected to the end cover 12 through another current collecting component 4.
  • the electrode terminal 3 is provided with a stepped hole 31.
  • the electrode terminal 3 has a first surface 32 that is away from and farthest from the electrode assembly 2.
  • the stepped hole 31 includes a first hole section 311, a second hole section 312, and a third hole section 313 that are continuously arranged.
  • the plugging member 5 is at least partially located in the second hole section 312.
  • the plugging member 5 includes a main body area 51 and an edge area 52.
  • the edge area 52 is arranged around the main body area 51.
  • the edge area 52 is welded to the electrode terminal 3 and forms a welding portion 6 at the welding position.
  • the welding portion 6 is an annular structure arranged around the edge area 52.
  • the welding portion 6 connects the edge area 52 and at least protrudes from the bottom surface of the first hole section 311 (the first bottom surface 3111).
  • the first hole section 311 is used to accommodate at least a portion of the welding portion 6 so that the welding portion 6 does not protrude from the first surface 32.
  • the edge region 52 has a second surface 521 that is away from and farthest from the electrode assembly 2, and the second surface 521 is located between the first surface 32 and the bottom surface (first bottom surface 3111) of the first hole segment 311.
  • the edge region 52 has a first peripheral surface 522 connected to the second surface 521, and the welding portion 6 connects the first peripheral surface 522 and the bottom surface (first bottom surface 3111) of the first hole segment 311.
  • the distance between the second surface 521 and the bottom surface (first bottom surface 3111) of the first hole segment 311 is H1
  • the distance between the second surface 521 and the first surface 32 is H2
  • the distance between the bottom surface (first bottom surface 3111) of the first hole segment 311 and the first surface 32 is H3 , H1 ⁇ 0.1mm , H2 ⁇ 0.1mm , H3 ⁇ 0.1mm .
  • the main body region 51 has a third surface 511 away from the electrode assembly 2, the third surface 511 is the surface of the plugging member 5 farthest from the electrode assembly 2, and the third surface 511 is flush with the first surface 32.
  • the plugging member 5 is provided with a groove 53 that is recessed from the third surface 511 toward the electrode assembly 2, the groove 53 is arranged around the main body region 51, and the edge region 52 is arranged around the groove 53.
  • the hole side surface 3122 of the second hole section 312 is a conical surface, and the hole side surface 3122 of the second hole section 312 is set at an obtuse angle with the bottom surface (second bottom surface 3121) of the second hole section 312.
  • the outer peripheral surface of the blocking member 5 includes a supporting surface 55 connected to the first outer peripheral surface 522, and the supporting surface 55 is against the bottom surface (second bottom surface 3121) of the second hole section 312.
  • the angle between the supporting surface 55 and the inclined surface 54 is ⁇ 1
  • the angle between the hole side surface 3122 of the second hole section 312 and the bottom surface (second bottom surface 3121) of the second hole section 312 is ⁇ 2 , which satisfies ⁇ 1 > ⁇ 2 .
  • the electrode terminal 3 has a fourth surface 33 facing and closest to the electrode assembly 2.
  • the electrode terminal 3 is provided with a medium injection hole 34.
  • One end of the medium injection hole 34 extends to the fourth surface 33.
  • the other end of the medium injection hole 34 is connected to the stepped hole 31.
  • the medium injection hole 34 is used to inject electrolyte into the battery cell 10.

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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
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Abstract

本申请实施例提供了一种电池单体、电池及用电设备，属于电池技术领域。电池单体包括外壳、电极组件、电极端子和封堵件。外壳具有壁部，电极组件容纳于外壳内。电极端子设置于壁部，电极端子设置有阶梯孔，沿壁部的厚度方向，电极端子具有最远离电极组件的第一表面，阶梯孔包括连续设置的第一孔段和第二孔段，第一孔段设置于第一表面，第二孔段设置于第一孔段靠近电极组件的一侧。封堵件至少部分位于第二孔段内，封堵件与电极端子焊接连接，并在焊接位置形成焊接部。第一孔段用于容纳焊接部的至少一部分，以使焊接部不凸出第一表面。这种结构的电池单体具有与外部部件实现稳定电连接的能力，能够实现外部部件与电极端子的稳定电连接。

Description

电池单体、电池及用电设备 技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种电池单体、电池及用电设备。
背景技术
电池广泛用于电子设备，例如手机、笔记本电脑、电瓶车、电动汽车、电动飞机、电动轮船、电动玩具汽车、电动玩具轮船、电动玩具飞机和电动工具等等。
电池单体作为储能元件，一般通过电极组件和电解液发生化学反应，从而产生电能。电池单体一般与外部部件相连来输出电能，因此，电池单体需要具有与外部部件进行稳定电连接的能力。如何实现电池单体与外部部件稳定电连接是电池技术中一个亟需解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供一种电池单体、电池及用电设备，能够实现电池单体与外部部件稳定电连接。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供一种电池单体，包括外壳、电极组件、电极端子和封堵件。外壳具有壁部；电极组件容纳于外壳内；电极端子设置于壁部，电极端子与电极组件电连接，电极端子设置有阶梯孔，沿壁部的厚度方向，电极端子具有背离且最远离电极组件的第一表面，阶梯孔包括连续设置的第一孔段和第二孔段，第一孔段设置于第一表面，第二孔段设置于第一孔段靠近电极组件的一侧；封堵件至少部分位于第二孔段内，封堵件与电极端子焊接连接，并在焊接位置形成焊接部；其中，第一孔段用于容纳焊接部的至少一部分，以使焊接部不凸出第一表面。
上述技术方案中，阶梯孔的第一孔段能够容纳封堵件与电极端子焊接产生的焊接部，使得焊接部不凸出于电极端子的第一表面，使得外部部件在与第一表面抵靠时不易受到焊接部的影响，能够增大外部部件与第一表面的接触面积，提高了外部部件连接于电极端子的牢固性，能够实现外部部件与电极端子的稳定电连接，使得电极端子与外部部件之间稳定过流。
在一些实施例中，封堵件包括主体区和边缘区，边缘区环绕设置于主体区的周围，焊接部连接边缘区，并至少部分凸出于第一孔段的底面。通过焊接部连接边缘区和第一孔段的底面，以将封堵件固定于电极端子。在焊接时，可以沿着边缘区的边缘进行焊接，提高焊接效率。
在一些实施例中，沿厚度方向，边缘区具有背离且最远离电极组件的第二表面，第二表面与第一孔段的底面平齐。这样，使得边缘区并没有凸出于第一孔段的底面的部分，第二表面距第一表面更远，使得焊接部能够更远离于第一表面，进一步降低焊接部凸出于第一表面的风险。
在一些实施例中，沿厚度方向，边缘区具有背离且最远离电极组件的第二表面，第二表面位于第一表面与第一孔段的底面之间。这样，使得边缘区一部分凸出于第一孔段的底面，在焊接时，更有利于焊接设备识别边缘区的外轮廓，提高焊接效率和焊接质量。
在一些实施例中，边缘区具有与第二表面相连的第一外周面，焊接部连接第一外周面和第一孔段的底面。在焊接时，焊接设备可以通过识别边缘区的第一外周面来确定焊接位置，提高焊接效率和焊接质量。由于焊接部连接第一外周面和第一孔段的底面，能够提高边缘区通过焊接部与电极端子连接后的牢固性。
在一些实施例中，沿厚度方向，第二表面与第一孔段的底面之间的距离为H 1，满足：H 1≤0.1mm。若H 1＞0.1mm，第二表面与第一孔段的底面之间的距离过大，第二表面与第一表面之间的距离过小，边缘区与电极端子焊接后，存在焊接部凸出于第一表面的风险。而H 1≤0.1mm，能够使得第二表面更远离于第一表面，进一步降低焊接部凸出于第一表面的风险。
在一些实施例中，第二表面与第一表面之间的距离为H 2，满足：H 2≥0.1mm。若H 2＜0.1，第二表面与第一表面之间的距离较小，边缘区与电极端子焊接后，存在焊接部凸出于第一表 面的风险，而H 2≥0.1mm，能够使得第二表面更远离于第一表面，进一步降低焊接部凸出于第一表面的风险。
在一些实施例中，沿厚度方向，主体区具有背离电极组件的第三表面，第三表面为封堵件最远离电极组件的表面；第三表面与第一表面平齐；或，第三表面较第一表面更靠近于电极组件。这样，主体区不会凸出于第一表面，使得外部部件能够与第一表面大面积接触。此外，第三表面与第一表面平齐，第三表面和第一表面均可以与外部部件接触，能够增大电池单体与外部部件之间的过流面积。
在一些实施例中，封堵件设置有从第三表面向靠近电极组件的方向凹陷的凹槽，凹槽环绕设置于主体区的周围，边缘区环绕设置于凹槽的周围。凹槽的设置能够降低边缘区与电极端子焊接时对主体区的影响，凹槽能够释放边缘区与电极端子焊接产生的焊接应力，降低主体区变形的风险，保证第三表面的平整性。
在一些实施例中，焊接部为环绕设置于边缘区周围的环形结构。提高边缘区与电极端子焊接后的牢固性，且能够实现边缘区与电极端子之间的密封。
在一些实施例中，沿厚度方向，封堵件具有背离且最远离电极组件的第三表面；第三表面与第一表面平齐；或，第三表面较第一表面更靠近于电极组件。这样，封堵件不会凸出于第一表面，使得外部部件能够与第一表面大面积接触。此外，第三表面与第一表面平齐，第三表面和第一表面均可以与外部部件接触，能够增大电池单体与外部部件之间的过流面积。
在一些实施例中，沿厚度方向，第一孔段的底面与第一表面的距离为H 3，满足：H 3≥0.1mm。若H 3＜0.1mm，第一孔段的深度较浅，存在焊接部凸出于第一表面的风险，而H 3≥0.1mm，能够使得第一孔段的深度更深，进一步降低焊接部凸出于第一表面的风险。
在一些实施例中，第二孔段的孔侧面倾斜设置，第二孔段的孔侧面与第二孔段的底面呈钝角设置。降低封堵件进入第二孔段的难度，便于将封堵件装入第二孔段内，能够提高封堵件的安装效率。
在一些实施例中，第二孔段的孔侧面与第一孔段的底面相连，并在连接位置形成尖角。第二孔段的孔侧面与第一孔段的底面的连接位置便于焊接设备识别。在将封堵件焊接于电极端子时，尖角可以作为焊接设备的捕捉位置，焊接设备可以根据尖角来确定焊接位置，提高焊接效率和焊接质量。
在一些实施例中，第二孔段的孔侧面为圆锥面。圆锥形的第二孔段结构简单，便于加工。
在一些实施例中，封堵件的外周面包括倾斜面，倾斜面与第二孔段的孔侧面面向设置。这种结构使得将封堵件的更多部分能够容纳在第二孔段内。
在一些实施例中，沿厚度方向，封堵件具有抵靠面，抵靠面抵靠于第二孔段的底面；其中，抵靠面与倾斜面所呈角度为θ 1，第二孔段的孔侧面与第二孔段的底面所呈角度为θ 2，满足θ 1＞θ 2。这种结构使得第二孔段的孔侧面与封堵件的倾斜面之间的间隙沿第二孔段的深度方向逐渐增大，使得封堵件能够抵靠于第二孔段的底面，保证封堵件能够安装到位。
在一些实施例中，阶梯孔还包括第三孔段，第三孔段设置于第二孔段的底面，封堵件抵靠于第二孔段的底面。第三孔段的设置可以减薄电极端子用于与电池单体的内部部件(极耳或集流构件)连接区域的厚度，便于实现连接区域与内部部件两者焊接，提高两者焊接牢固性。
在一些实施例中，沿厚度方向，电极端子具有面向最靠近电极组件的第四表面；电极端子设置有介质注入孔，介质注入孔的一端延伸至第四表面，介质注入孔的另一端与阶梯孔连通，介质注入孔用于向电池单体内部注入电解液。通过介质注入孔可以方便地向电池单体内部注入电解液，电池单体内部注入电解液后，可以通过封堵件将介质注入孔封堵，降低电解液通过介质注入孔流至电池单体外部的风险。
在一些实施例中，电极端子包括本体部、第一限位部和第二限位部；沿厚度方向，第一限位部和第二限位部分别连接于本体部的两端，本体部穿过壁部，壁部至少部分位于第一限位部和第 二限位部之间，以限制电极端子相对壁部移动，第一表面为第一限位部背离第二限位部的表面。这样，可以实现电极端子在径向和轴向的限位，以将电极端子固定于壁部。
在一些实施例中，外壳包括壳体和端盖；壳体包括一体成型的侧壁和壁部，侧壁围设于壁部的周围，沿厚度方向，壁部设置于侧壁的一端，侧壁的另一端形成开口，端盖封闭开口。侧壁与壁部一体成型，外壳具有更好的抗破坏能力，在电极端子受到外部部件的作用力时，壁部与侧壁的连接位置不易在电极端子的带动作用下被破坏。
第二方面，本申请实施例提供一种电池，包括第一方面任意一个实施例提供的电池单体。
在一些实施例中，电池包括汇流部件和多个电池单体，多个电池单体通过汇流部件电连接，汇流部件抵靠于第一表面，并与封堵件焊接连接。实现电极端子与汇流部件之间稳定过流。
第三方面，本申请实施例提供一种用电设备，包括第二方面任意一个实施例提供的电池。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，应当理解，以下附图仅示出了本申请的某些实施例，因此不应被看作是对范围的限定，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他相关的附图。
图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆的结构示意图；
图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池的爆炸图；
图3为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的爆炸图；
图4为图3所示的电池单体的结构示意图；
图5为图4所示的电池单体的局部视图；
图6为图5所示的封堵件与电极端子的装配图；
图7为图6所示的电极端子的结构示意图；
图8为图6中的A处的局部放大图；
图9为图6中的A处的局部放大图(去除焊接部)；
图10为图6所示的封堵件的结构示意图；
图11为本申请另一些实施例提供的封堵件与电极端子的装配图；
图12为本申请另一些实施例提供的电池单体的结构示意图；
图13为图12所示的封堵件和电极端子的装配图；
图14为图13所示的电极端子的结构示意图；
图15为图13中的B处的局部放大图；
图16为图13中的B处的局部放大图(去除焊接部)。
图标：1-外壳；11-壳体；111-壁部；112-侧壁；12-端盖；2-电极组件；21-第一极耳；22-第二极耳；3-电极端子；31-阶梯孔；311-第一孔段；3111-第一底面；312-第二孔段；3121-第二底面；3122-孔侧面；313-第三孔段；32-第一表面；33-第四表面；34-介质注入孔；35-本体部；36-第一限位部；37-第二限位部；4-集流构件；5-封堵件；51-主体区；511-第三表面；52-边缘区；521-第二表面；522-第一外周面；53-凹槽；54-倾斜面；55-抵靠面；6-焊接部；7-密封件；10-电池单体；20-箱体；201-第一部分；202-第二部分；100-电池；200-控制器；300-马达；1000-车辆；Z-厚度方向。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
除非另有定义，本申请所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本申请中在申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。本申请的说明书和权利要求书或上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别不同对象，而不是用于描述特定顺序或主次关系。
在本申请中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。
本申请中术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本申请中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请的实施例中，相同的附图标记表示相同的部件，并且为了简洁，在不同实施例中，省略对相同部件的详细说明。应理解，附图示出的本申请实施例中的各种部件的厚度、长宽等尺寸，以及集成装置的整体厚度、长宽等尺寸仅为示例性说明，而不应对本申请构成任何限定。
本申请中出现的“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)。
本申请中，电池单体可以包括锂离子二次电池、锂离子一次电池、锂硫电池、钠锂离子电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。电池单体可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等，本申请实施例对此也不限定。电池单体一般按封装的方式分成三种：柱形电池单体、方形电池单体和软包电池单体，本申请实施例对此也不限定。
本申请的实施例所提到的电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。例如，本申请中所提到的电池可以包括电池模块或电池包等。电池一般包括用于封装一个或多个电池单体的箱体。箱体可以避免液体或其他异物影响电池单体的充电或放电。
电池单体包括电极组件和电解液，电极组件由正极片、负极片和隔离膜组成。电池单体主要依靠金属离子在正极片和负极片之间移动来工作。正极片包括正极集流体和正极活性物质层，正极活性物质层涂覆于正极集流体的表面，未涂敷正极活性物质层的正极集流体凸出于已涂覆正极活性物质层的正极集流体，未涂敷正极活性物质层的正极集流体作为正极耳。以锂离子电池为例，正极集流体的材料可以为铝，正极活性物质可以为钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂、三元锂或锰酸锂等。负极片包括负极集流体和负极活性物质层，负极活性物质层涂覆于负极集流体的表面，未涂敷负极活性物质层的负极集流体凸出于已涂覆负极活性物质层的负极集流体，未涂敷负极活性物质层的负极集流体作为负极耳。负极集流体的材料可以为铜，负极活性物质可以为碳或硅等。为了保证通过大电流而不发生熔断，正极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起，负极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起。隔离膜的材质可以为PP(polypropylene，聚丙烯)或PE(polyethylene，聚乙烯)等。此外，电极组件可以是卷绕式结构，也可以是叠片式结构，本申请实施例并不限于此。
电池单体的电极端子一般需要与外部部件连接，以输出电池单体的电能。比如，在电池中，多个电池单体一般通过汇流部件实现电连接，以实现多个电池单体的串联、并联或混联。在实现电池单体之间的电连接时，汇流部件需要与电池单体的电极端子连接。
发明人注意到，外部部件(如，汇流部件)与电极端子连接后，可能会出现外部部件与电极端子脱落的现象，无法正常输出电池单体的电能。
为实现电极端子与电池单体的内部部件(极耳或集流构件)之间的稳定过流，可以在电极端子上设置孔部，以减薄电极端子在设置孔部的区域，以便于将电极端子连接于内部部件，比如， 将电极端子的减薄区域焊接于的内部部件，以实现稳定过流。在将电极端子连接于内部部件后，需要在电极端子上焊接封堵件，通过封堵件封堵孔部。
发明人发现，在将封堵件焊接于电极端子后，焊接产生的焊接部可能会凸出于电极端子用于与外部部件接触的表面，使得外部部件在与端子本体连接后的接触面积减小，使得外部部件容易脱离电极端子，外部部件与电极端子的电连接稳定性较差。
鉴于此，本申请实施例提供一种电池单体，电极端子设置有阶梯孔，电极端子具有最远离电极组件的第一表面，阶梯孔包括连续设置的第一孔段和第二孔段，第一孔段设置于第一表面，第二孔段设置于第一孔段靠近电极组件的一侧。封堵件至少部分位于第二孔段内，封堵件与电极端子焊接连接，并在焊接位置形成焊接部。第一孔段用于容纳焊接部的至少一部分，以使焊接部不凸出第一表面。
在这样的电池单体中，阶梯孔的第一孔段能够容纳封堵件与电极端子焊接产生的焊接部，使得焊接部不凸出于电极端子的第一表面，使得外部部件在与第一表面抵靠时不易受到焊接部的影响，能够增大外部部件与第一表面的接触面积，提高了外部部件连接于电极端子的牢固性，能够实现外部部件与电极端子的稳定电连接。
本申请实施例描述的电池单体适用于电池以及使用电池的用电设备。
用电设备可以是车辆、手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、轮船、航天器、电动玩具和电动工具等等。车辆可以是燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等；航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等；电动玩具包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等；电动工具包括金属切削电动工具、研磨电动工具、装配电动工具和铁道用电动工具，例如，电钻、电动砂轮机、电动扳手、电动螺丝刀、电锤、冲击电钻、混凝土振动器和电刨等等。本申请实施例对上述用电设备不做特殊限制。
以下实施例为了方便说明，以用电设备为车辆为例进行说明。
请参照图1，图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆1000的结构示意图。车辆1000的内部设置有电池100，电池100可以设置在车辆1000的底部或头部或尾部。电池100可以用于车辆1000的供电，例如，电池100可以作为车辆1000的操作电源。
车辆1000还可以包括控制器200和马达300，控制器200用来控制电池100为马达300供电，例如，用于车辆1000的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在本申请一些实施例中，电池100不仅仅可以作为车辆1000的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1000的驱动电源，代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气为车辆1000提供驱动动力。
请参照图2，图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池100的爆炸图，电池100包括电池单体10和箱体20，箱体20用于容纳电池单体10。
其中，箱体20是容纳电池单体10的部件，箱体20为电池单体10提供容纳空间，箱体20可以采用多种结构。在一些实施例中，箱体20可以包括第一部分201和第二部分202，第一部分201与第二部分202相互盖合，以限定出用于容纳电池单体10的容纳空间。第一部分201和第二部分202可以是多种形状，比如，长方体、圆柱体等。第一部分201可以是一侧开放的空心结构，第二部分202也可以是一侧开放的空心结构，第二部分202的开放侧盖合于第一部分201的开放侧，则形成具有容纳空间的箱体20。也可以是第一部分201为一侧开放的空心结构，第二部分202为板状结构，第二部分202盖合于第一部分201的开放侧，则形成具有容纳空间的箱体20。
在电池100中，电池单体10可以是一个、也可以是多个。若电池单体10为多个，多个电池单体10之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体10中既有串联又有并联。可以是多个电池单体10先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块，多个电池模块再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体20内。也可以是所有电池单体10之间直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将所有电池单体10构成的整体容纳于箱体20内。
在一些实施例中，电池100还可以包括汇流部件，多个电池单体10之间可通过汇流部件实现电连接，以实现多个电池单体10的串联或并联或混联。汇流部件可以是金属导体，比如，铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金等。
请参照图3和图4，图3为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体10的爆炸图；图4为图3所示的电池单体10的结构示意图。电池单体10可以包括外壳1、电极组件2和电极端子3。
外壳1用于容纳电极组件2、电解液以及其他部件，外壳1可以包括壳体11和端盖12，端盖12封闭壳体11的开口，端盖12与壳体11共同限定出用于容纳电极组件2、电解液以及其他部件的密封空间。
壳体11是用于容纳电极组件2的部件，壳体11可以是一端形成开口的空心结构，壳体11可以是相对的两端形成开口的空心结构。壳体11可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。壳体11的材质可以是多种，比如，铜、铁、铝、钢、铝合金等。
端盖12是封闭壳体11的开口以将电池单体10的内部环境与外部环境隔绝的部件。端盖12的形状可以与壳体11的形状相适配，比如，壳体11为长方体结构，端盖12为与壳体11相适配的矩形板状结构，再如，在图3和图4所示的实施例中，壳体11为圆柱体结构，端盖12为与壳体11相适配的圆形板状结构。端盖12的材质也可以是多种，比如，铜、铁、铝、钢、铝合金等，端盖12的材质与壳体11的材质可以相同，也可以不同。
在外壳1中，端盖12可以设置一个，也可以设置两个。比如，壳体11为相对的两端形成开口的空心结构，端盖12可以对应设置两个，两个端盖12分别封闭壳体11的两个开口；再如，在图3和图4所述的实施例中，壳体11为一端开口的空心结构，端盖12可以对应设置一个，一个端盖12封闭壳体11的一个开口。
电极组件2是电池单体10中发生电化学反应的部件。电极组件2可以包括正极片、负极片和隔离膜。电极组件2可以是由正极片、隔离膜和负极片通过卷绕形成的卷绕式结构，也可以是由正极片、隔离膜和负极片通过层叠布置形成的叠片式结构。电极组件2具有第一极耳21和第二极耳22，第一极耳21和第二极耳22中的一者为正极耳，另一者为负极耳，正极耳可以是正极片上未涂覆正极活性物质层的部分，负极耳可以是负极片上未涂覆负极活性物质层的部分。
电极端子3是电池单体10中用于与外部部件(如，汇流部件)连接，以输出电池单体10的电能的部件。电极端子3可以安装于壳体11，也可以安装于端盖12。
如图3和图4所示，以壳体11为一端开口的空心结构为例，电极端子3可以设置于壳体11与端盖12相对的壁上，电极端子3与电极组件2的第一极耳21电连接，端盖12与电极组件2的第二极耳22电连接。
当然，电极端子3与第一极耳21可以直接连接，也可以间接连接，端盖12与第二极耳22可以直接连接，也可以间接连接。示例性的，电极端子3与第一极耳21通过一个集流构件4间接连接，端盖12与第二极耳22通过另一集流构件4间接连接。电极端子3和第一极耳21均可以与一个集流构件4焊接，端盖12和第二极耳22均可以与另一个集流构件4焊接。集流构件4为金属导体，比如，铜、铁、铝、钢、铝合金等，集流构件4可以是圆盘状。
请参照图5-图7，图5为图4所示的电池单体10的局部视图；图6为图5所示的封堵件5与电极端子3的装配图；图7为图6所示的电极端子3的结构示意图。本申请实施例提供一种电池单体10，包括外壳1、电极组件2、电极端子3和封堵件5。外壳1具有壁部111，电极组件2容纳于外壳1内。电极端子3设置于壁部111，电极端子3与电极组件2电连接，电极端子3设置有阶梯孔31，沿壁部111的厚度方向Z，电极端子3具有背离且最远离电极组件2的第一表面32，阶梯孔31包括连续设置的第一孔段311和第二孔段312，第一孔段311设置于第一表面32，第二孔段312设置于第一孔段311靠近电极组件2的一侧。封堵件5至少部分位于第二孔段312内，封堵件5与电极端子3焊接连接，并在焊接位置形成焊接部6。其中，第一孔段311用于容纳焊接部6的至少一部分，以使焊接部6不凸出第一表面32。
壁部111可以是外壳1中的端盖12；壁部111也可以是外壳1的壳体11中的一个壁，比 如，在图5中，壁部111为壳体11中与端盖12相对的一个壁。以外壳1为圆柱体为例，壁部111的厚度方向Z可以是外壳1的轴向。电极端子3设置于壁部111上，壁部111上设置供电极端子3穿过的通孔，为提高电极端子3和壁部111的密封性，可以在电极端子3与壁部111之间设置密封件7。
第一表面32是电极端子3背离电极组件2的外表面，第一表面32也是电极端子3中最远离电极组件2的外表面，第一表面32位于外壳1的外部，第一表面32可以是平面。第一孔段311为阶梯孔31中最靠近第一表面32的孔段，第一孔段311远离第二孔段312的一端延伸至第一表面32。沿厚度方向Z，第二孔段312较第一孔段311更远离于第一表面32。第一孔段311和第二孔段312可以是圆柱形孔段、圆锥形孔段、方形孔段等。
第一孔段311和第二孔段312均具有底面，第一孔段311的底面为第一底面3111，第二孔段312的底面为第二底面3121，沿厚度方向Z，第二孔段312远离电极组件2的一端延伸至第一底面3111，第一底面3111较第二底面3121更靠近于第一表面32。第一底面3111和第二底面3121可以是平面，第一底面3111和第二底面3121可以平行设置。
封堵件5为封堵阶梯孔31的部件，封堵件5可以部分位于第二孔段312内，也可以全部位于第二孔段312。封堵件5可以是圆形板、方形板等。封堵件5的材质可以与端盖12的材质相同，封堵件5可以是铜、铁、铝、钢、铝合金等材质。
焊接部6为封堵件5与电极端子3焊接后将封堵件5和电极端子3连接在一起的部分。封堵件5与电极端子3焊接形成的焊印区域为焊接部6，焊印区域可以与其他区域的颜色不同。
第一孔段311起到容纳焊接部6的作用，第一孔段311可以容纳焊接部6的一部分，第一孔段311也可以容纳焊接部6的全部。比如，焊接部6一部分凸出于第一底面3111，第一孔段311则容纳焊接部6凸出于第一底面3111的部分。焊接部6不凸出于第一表面32，可理解的，沿厚度方向Z，焊接部6没有相较于第一表面32更远离电极组件2的部分。
在本申请实施例中，阶梯孔31的第一孔段311能够容纳封堵件5与电极端子3焊接产生的焊接部6，使得焊接部6不凸出于电极端子3的第一表面32，使得外部部件在与第一表面32抵靠时不易受到焊接部6的影响，能够增大外部部件与第一表面32的接触面积，提高了外部部件连接于电极端子3的牢固性，能够实现外部部件与电极端子3的稳定电连接，使得电极端子3与外部部件之间稳定过流。这种结构的电池单体10的电极端子3具有与外部部件实现稳定电连接的能力。
在本申请实施例中，外部部件可以是多种结构形式的导电件，比如，用于实现多个电池单体10电连接的汇流部件。
以汇流部件与电极端子3焊接为例，由于焊接部6并未凸出于第一表面32，使得汇流部件能够与第一表面32大面积接触，汇流部件与电极端子3焊接不易出现虚焊，焊接后具有很好的牢固性，使得汇流部件与电极端子3之间稳定过流，实现汇流部件与电极端子3的稳定电连接。
在一些实施例中，请参照图8-图10，图8为图6中的A处的局部放大图；图9为图6中的A处的局部放大图(去除焊接部6)；图10为图6所示的封堵件5的结构示意图。封堵件5包括主体区51和边缘区52，边缘区52环绕设置于主体区51的周围，焊接部6连接边缘区52，并至少部分凸出于第一孔段311的底面(第一底面3111)。
主体区51为封堵件5的中心部分，边缘区52为封堵件5的边缘部分，边缘区52环绕在主体区51的周围，边缘区52与主体区51可以一体成型。以封堵件5为圆形板为例，主体区51可以是位于封堵件5的中心位置的圆形区域，边缘区52可以是环绕在主体区51周围的环形区域。焊接部6可以部分凸出于第一底面3111，也可以全部凸出于第一底面3111，焊接部6连接边缘区52和第一底面3111。
通过焊接部6连接边缘区52和第一底面3111，以将封堵件5固定于电极端子3。在焊接时，可以沿着边缘区52的边缘进行焊接，提高焊接效率。
在一些实施例中，请参照图11，图11为本申请另一些实施例提供的封堵件5与电极端子 3的装配图。沿厚度方向Z，边缘区52具有背离且最远离电极组件2的第二表面521，第二表面521与第一孔段311的底面(第一底面3111)平齐。
第二表面521是边缘区52背离电极组件2的外表面，第二表面521也是边缘区52中最远离电极组件2的外表面，第二表面521可以是平面，第二表面521与第一孔段311的底面(第一底面3111)位于同一平面内。
在将边缘区52与电极端子3焊接时，可以沿着第二表面521与第一孔段311的底面(第一底面3111)之间的焊接缝进行焊接，使得焊接部6至少部分形成于焊接缝。
在本实施例中，第二表面521与第一孔段311的底面(第一底面3111)平齐，使得边缘区52并没有凸出于第一孔段311的底面(第一底面3111)的部分，第二表面521距第一表面32更远，使得焊接部6能够更远离于第一表面32，进一步降低焊接部6凸出于第一表面32的风险。
在一些实施例中，请继续参照图8和图9，沿厚度方向Z，边缘区52具有背离且最远离电极组件2的第二表面521，第二表面521位于第一表面32与第一孔段311的底面(第一底面3111)之间。
可理解的，沿厚度方向Z，第一表面32较第二表面521更远离于电极组件2，第二表面521较第一孔段311的底面更远离于电极组件2。
在本实施例中，第二表面521位于第一表面32与第一孔段311的底面(第一底面3111)之间，使得边缘区52一部分凸出于第一孔段311的底面(第一底面3111)，在焊接时，更有利于焊接设备识别边缘区52的外轮廓，提高焊接效率和焊接质量。
在一些实施例中，请继续参照图8和图9，边缘区52具有与第二表面521相连的第一外周面522，焊接部6连接第一外周面522和第一孔段311的底面(第一底面3111)。
第一外周面522可以沿厚度方向Z延伸，以第一外周面522为圆柱面为例，第一外周面522的轴向与厚度方向Z一致。焊接部6可以部分凸出于第一外周面522，也可以完全凸出于第一外周面522，以实现焊接部6连接于第一外周面522。焊接部6也可以部分凸出于第一孔段311的底面(第一底面3111)，也可以完全凸出于第一孔段311的底面(第一底面3111)，以实现焊接部6连接于第一孔段311的底面(第一底面3111)。
在焊接时，焊接设备可以通过识别边缘区52的第一外周面522来确定焊接位置，提高焊接效率和焊接质量。由于焊接部6连接第一外周面522和第一孔段311的底面(第一底面3111)，能够提高边缘区52通过焊接部6与电极端子3连接后的牢固性。
在一些实施例中，请继续参照8和图9，沿厚度方向Z，第二表面521与第一孔段311的底面(第一底面3111)之间的距离为H 1，满足：H 1≤0.1mm。
第二表面521与第一孔段311的底面(第一底面3111)之间的距离H 1为边缘区52凸出于第一孔段311的底面(第一底面3111)的高度。
H 1可以是0.01mm、0.02mm、0.03mm、0.04mm、0.05mm、0.06mm、0.07mm、0.08mm、0.09mm、0.1mm等。
若H 1＞0.1mm，第二表面521与第一孔段311的底面(第一底面3111)之间的距离过大，第二表面521与第一表面32之间的距离过小，边缘区52与电极端子3焊接后，存在焊接部6凸出于第一表面32的风险。
在本实施例中，H 1≤0.1mm，能够使得第二表面521更远离于第一表面32，进一步降低焊接部6凸出于第一表面32的风险。
在一些实施例中，请继续参照8和图9，第二表面521与第一表面32之间的距离为H 2，满足：H 2≥0.1mm。
H 2可以是0.1mm、0.2mm、0.3mm、0.4mm、0.5mm、0.6mm、0.7mm、0.8mm、0.9mm、1mm等。
若H 2＜0.1，第二表面521与第一表面32之间的距离较小，边缘区52与电极端子3焊接后，存在焊接部6凸出于第一表面32的风险。
在本实施例中，H 2≥0.1mm，能够使得第二表面521更远离于第一表面32，进一步降低焊接部6凸出于第一表面32的风险。
在一些实施例中，请参照图8、图9和图11，沿厚度方向Z，主体区51具有背离电极组件2的第三表面511，第三表面511为封堵件5最远离电极组件2的表面，第三表面511与第一表面32平齐。
第三表面511是主体区51背离电极组件2的外表面，第三表面511也是封堵件5中最远离电极组件2的外表面。第三表面511可以是平面，第三表面511和第一表面32位于同一平面内。沿厚度方向Z，第三表面511较第二表面521更远离电极组件2。
在本实施例中，第三表面511与第一表面32平齐，封堵件5整体位于阶梯孔31内，主体区51不会凸出于第一表面32，使得外部部件能够与第一表面32大面积接触。此外，第三表面511和第一表面32均可以与外部部件接触，能够增大电池单体10与外部部件之间的过流面积。
在另一些实施例中，沿厚度方向Z，主体区51具有背离电极组件2的第三表面511，第三表面511为封堵件5最远离电极组件2的表面，第三表面511较第一表面32更靠近于电极组件2。这样，封堵件5整体位于阶梯孔31内，主体区51不会凸出于第一表面32，降低外部部件与主体区51发生干涉的风险，使得外部部件能够与第一表面32大面积接触。
在一些实施例中，请参照图8、图9和图11，封堵件5设置有从第三表面511向靠近电极组件2的方向凹陷的凹槽53，凹槽53环绕设置于主体区51的周围，边缘区52环绕设置于凹槽53的周围。
凹槽53可以是设置于封堵件5上的环形槽。沿封堵件5的径向，封堵件5位于凹槽53以内的区域为主体区51，位于凹槽53以外的区域为边缘区52。主体区51的第三表面511与边缘区52的第二表面521通过凹槽53的槽壁面相连。凹槽53可以通过多种方式成型，比如，冲压成型、铣削成型等。
凹槽53的设置能够降低边缘区52与电极端子3焊接时对主体区51的影响，凹槽53能够释放边缘区52与电极端子3焊接产生的焊接应力，降低主体区51变形的风险，保证第三表面511的平整性。
在第三表面511与第一表面32平齐的实施例中，由于凹槽53的设置保证了第三表面511的平整性，外部部件在与第三表面511接触并焊接于主体区51时，不易出现虚焊，保证外部部件与主体区51的焊接牢固性。
在一些实施例中，焊接部6为环绕设置于边缘区52周围的环形结构。
在将边缘区52焊接于电极端子3时，可以沿边缘区52的周向整周进行焊接，以对应形成呈环形状的焊接部6。
在本实施例中，焊接部6为环形结构，提高边缘区52与电极端子3焊接后的牢固性，且能够实现边缘区52与电极端子3之间的密封。
在一些实施例中，请参照图8、图9和图11，沿厚度方向Z，封堵件5具有背离且最远离电极组件2的第三表面511，第三表面511与第一表面32平齐。
在封堵件5具有主体区51和边缘区52的实施例中，第三表面511可以是主体区51沿厚度方向Z背离电极组件2的表面。
在本实施例中，第三表面511与第一表面32平齐，封堵件5整体位于阶梯孔31内，主体区51不会凸出于第一表面32，使得外部部件能够与第一表面32大面积接触。此外，第三表面511和第一表面32均可以与外部部件接触，能够增大电池单体10与外部部件之间的过流面积。
在另一些实施例中，沿厚度方向Z，封堵件5具有背离且最远离电极组件2的第三表面 511，第三表面511较第一表面32更靠近于电极组件2。这样，封堵件5整体位于阶梯孔31内，主体区51不会凸出于第一表面32，降低外部部件与封堵件5发生干涉的风险，使得外部部件能够与第一表面32大面积接触。
在一些实施例中，请参照图8、图9和图11，沿厚度方向Z，第一孔段311的底面(第一底面3111)与第一表面32的距离为H 3，满足：H 3≥0.1mm。
第一孔段311的底面(第一底面3111)与第一表面32的距离为H 3为第一孔段311的深度。H 3可以是0.1mm、0.2mm、0.3mm、0.4mm、0.5mm、0.6mm、0.7mm、0.8mm、0.9mm、1mm等。示例性的，H 3≥0.2mm
若H 3＜0.1mm，第一孔段311的深度较浅，存在焊接部6凸出于第一表面32的风险。
发明人注意到，在将封堵件5焊接于电极端子3时，焊接部6凸出于第一孔段311的底面(第一底面3111)的部分的高度一般不会超出0.1mm。H 3≥0.1mm，能够使得第一孔段311的深度更深，进一步降低焊接部6凸出于第一表面32的风险。
在一些实施例中，请参照图8、图9和图11，第二孔段312的孔侧面3122倾斜设置，第二孔段312的孔侧面3122与第二孔段312的底面(第二底面3121)呈钝角设置。
第二孔段312的孔侧面3122连接第二孔段312的底面(第二底面3121)和第一孔段311的底面(第一底面3111)。第二孔段312的孔侧面3122可以是圆锥面；第二孔段312的孔侧面3122也可以是棱锥面，比如，第二孔段312的孔侧面3122为四棱锥。
在本实施例中，第二孔段312的孔侧面3122与第二孔段312的底面(第二底面3121)呈钝角设置，降低封堵件5进入第二孔段312的难度，便于将封堵件5装入第二孔段312内，能够提高封堵件5的安装效率。
在一些实施例中，请参照图9，第二孔段312的孔侧面3122与第一孔段311的底面(第一底面3111)相连，并在连接位置形成尖角。
第二孔段312的孔侧面3122与第一孔段311的底面(第一底面3111)的连接位置形成尖角，可理解的，第二孔段312的孔侧面3122与第一孔段311的底面(第一底面3111)并未通过圆角过渡。焊接部6位于孔侧面3122与第一孔段311的底面(第一底面3111)的连接位置。
第二孔段312的孔侧面3122与第一孔段311的底面(第一底面3111)的连接位置的尖角便于焊接设备识别。在将封堵件5焊接于电极端子3时，尖角可以作为焊接设备的捕捉位置，焊接设备可以根据尖角来确定焊接位置，提高焊接效率和焊接质量。
在一些实施例中，第二孔段312的孔侧面3122为圆锥面。可理解的，第二孔段312为圆锥孔段。圆锥形的第二孔段312结构简单，便于加工。
在一些实施例中，请参照图8、图9和图11，封堵件5的外周面包括倾斜面54，倾斜面54与第二孔段312的孔侧面3122面向设置。
倾斜面54与第二孔段312的孔侧面3122可以平行设置，也可以呈小角度设置，比如，两者所呈角度为3°、5°、8°或10°等。需要说明的是，倾斜面54与第二孔段312的孔侧面3122之间所呈角度不超过10°，都应当理解为倾斜面54与第二孔段312的孔侧面3122面向设置。
在封堵件5的边缘区52具有第一外周面522的实施例中，第一外周面522与倾斜面54相连，第一外周面522和倾斜面54均为封堵件5的外周面的一部分。
在本实施例中，倾斜面54与第二孔段312的孔侧面3122面向设置，这种结构使得将封堵件5的更多部分能够容纳在第二孔段312内。
在一些实施例中，沿厚度方向Z，封堵件5具有抵靠面55，抵靠面55抵靠于第二孔段312的底面(第二底面3121)。其中，抵靠面55与倾斜面54所呈角度为θ 1，第二孔段312的孔侧面3122与第二孔段312的底面(第二底面3121)所呈角度为θ 2，满足θ 1＞θ 2。
抵靠面55为抵靠件用于与第二孔段312的底面(第二底面3121)的表面，抵靠面55可 以是抵靠件沿厚度方向Z最靠近电极组件2的表面，抵靠面55可以是与倾斜面54相连的平面。
90°＜θ 1＜180°，θ 1可以是100°、110°、120°、130°、135°、140°、150°、160°、170°等；90°＜θ 2＜180°，θ 2可以是100°、110°、120°、130°、135°、140°、150°、160°、170°等。θ 1可以比θ 2大1°、2°、3°、4°、5°、6°、7°、8°、9°、10°等。
在本实施例中，θ 1＞θ 2，使得第二孔段312的孔侧面3122与封堵件5的倾斜面54之间的间隙沿第二孔段312的深度方向逐渐增大，使得封堵件5能够抵靠于第二孔段312的底面(第二底面3121)，保证封堵件5能够安装到位。
在一些实施例中，请参照图12-图16，图12为本申请另一些实施例提供的电池单体10的结构示意图；图13为图12所示的封堵件5和电极端子3的装配图；图14为图13所示的电极端子3的结构示意图；图15为图13中的B处的局部放大图；图16为图13中的B处的局部放大图(去除焊接部6)。阶梯孔31还包括第三孔段313，第三孔段313设置于第二孔段312的底面(第二底面3121)，封堵件5抵靠于第二孔段312的底面(第二底面3121)。
沿厚度方向Z，第三孔段313远离电极组件2的一端延伸至第二孔段312的底面(第二底面3121)。第三孔段313可以是圆柱形孔段、圆锥形孔段、方形孔段等。示例性的，第一孔段311的最小孔径大于第二孔段312的最大孔径，第二孔段312的最小孔径大于第三孔段313的最大孔径。在图14所示的实施例中，第一孔段311和第二孔段312均为圆锥形孔段，第三孔段313为圆柱形孔段。
在成型阶梯孔31时，可以先在第一表面32上成型第一孔段311；再在第一孔段311的底面(第一底面3111)上成型第二孔段312；再在第二孔段312的底面(第二底面3121)成型第三孔段313。
封堵件5的抵靠面55抵靠于第二孔段312的底面(第二底面3121)，封堵件5覆盖第三孔段313。
第三孔段313的设置可以减薄电极端子3用于与电池单体10的内部部件连接区域的厚度，便于实现连接区域与内部部件两者焊接，提高两者焊接牢固性。示例性的，在图12中，内部部件为连接电极端子3和第一极耳21的集流构件4。
在一些实施例中，请继续参照图14，沿厚度方向Z，电极端子3具有面向最靠近电极组件2的第四表面33。电极端子3设置有介质注入孔34，介质注入孔34的一端延伸至第四表面33，介质注入孔34的另一端与阶梯孔31连通，介质注入孔34用于向电池单体10内部注入电解液。
第四表面33是电极端子3面向电极组件2的内表面，第四表面33也是电极端子3最靠近电极组件2的内表面，第四内表面位于外壳1的内部，第四内表面可以是平面。沿厚度方向Z，第四表面33和第一表面32分别为电极端子3的两个端面。第四表面33可以抵靠于位于电池单体10内部的内部部件，以电极端子3与第一极耳21通过集流构件4连接为例，第四表面33可以抵靠于集流构件4。
介质注入孔34可以是圆柱形孔、圆锥形孔、方形孔等。介质注入孔34用于连通阶梯孔31和电池单体10内部。在阶梯孔31仅包括第一孔段311、第二孔段312的实施例中，介质注入孔34与第二孔段312连通；如图14所示，在阶梯孔31包括第一孔段311、第二孔段312和第三孔段313的实施例中，介质注入孔34可以与第三孔段313连通。当然，介质注入孔34与第三孔段313可以直接连通，也可以通过其他孔段间接连通。
在本实施例中，通过介质注入孔34可以方便地向电池单体10内部注入电解液，电池单体10内部注入电解液后，可以通过封堵件5将介质注入孔34封堵，降低电解液通过介质注入孔34流至电池单体10外部的风险。
需要说明的是，封堵件5可以延伸至介质注入孔34内并形成密封，以封堵介质注入孔34。封堵件5也可以不延伸至介质注入孔34内，封堵件5与阶梯孔31中的任一个孔段形成密封，则可以实现对介质注入孔34的封堵。比如，封堵件5部分延伸至第二孔段312内，封堵件5与电 极端子3焊接后形成密封连接，实现封堵件5对介质注入孔34的封堵。
在一些实施例中，电极端子3包括本体部35、第一限位部36和第二限位部37。沿厚度方向Z，第一限位部36和第二限位部37分别连接于本体部35的两端，本体部35穿过壁部111，壁部111至少部分位于第一限位部36和第二限位部37之间，以限制电极端子3相对壁部111移动，第一表面32为第一限位部36背离第二限位部37的表面。
本体部35、第一限位部36和第二限位部37可以是一体成型结构。主体部穿过壁部111上的通孔，第一限位部36位于外壳1的外部，第二限位部37位于壳体11的内部。本体部35、第一限位部36和第二限位部37形成铆接于壁部111的铆接结构。本体部35、第一限位部36和第二限位部37可以是同轴设置的圆柱结构，第一限位部36的直径和第二限位部37的直径均大于本体部35直径。
第一限位部36用于与外部部件连接，第二限位部37用于电极组件2电连接。以电极端子3通过集流构件4与第一极耳21连接，且阶梯孔31具有第三孔段313为例，第二限位部37抵靠于集流构件4，电极端子3位于第三孔段313底部的区域可以用于与集流构件4焊接。
在本实施例中，本体部35穿过壁部111，且壁部111至少部分位于第一限位部36和第二限位部37之间，可以实现电极端子3在径向和轴向的限位，以将电极端子3固定于壁部111。
在一些实施例中，请继续参照图12，外壳1包括壳体11和端盖12。壳体11包括一体成型的侧壁112和壁部111，侧壁112围设于壁部111的周围，沿厚度方向Z，壁部111设置于侧壁112的一端，侧壁112的另一端形成开口，端盖12封闭开口。
端盖12与壳体11可以通过多种方式连接，比如，焊接、卷封连接。壳体11可以通过冲压、拉伸成型等方式形成一体的侧壁112和壁部111。示例性的，壳体11为圆柱体结构，端盖12为圆形结构。
侧壁112与壁部111一体成型，外壳1具有更好的抗破坏能力，在电极端子3受到外部部件的作用力时，壁部111与侧壁112的连接位置不易在电极端子3的带动作用下被破坏。
本申请实施例提供一种电池100，包括上述任意一个实施例提供的电池单体10。
在一些实施例中，电池100包括汇流部件和多个电池单体10，多个电池单体10通过汇流部件电连接，汇流部件抵靠于第一表面32，并与封堵件5焊接连接。实现电极端子3与汇流部件之间稳定过流。
在其他实施例中，汇流部件也可以抵靠于第一表面32，并与电极端子3焊接连接。
本申请实施例提供一种用电设备，包括上述任意一个实施例提供的电池100。
此外，请参照图12-图16，本申请实施例提供一种圆柱电池单体，包括外壳1、电极组件2、电极端子3、集流构件4、封堵件5和密封件7。外壳1包括壳体11和端盖12。壳体11包括一体成型的侧壁112和壁部111，侧壁112围设于壁部111的周围，沿壁部111的厚度方向Z，壁部111设置于侧壁112的一端，侧壁112的另一端形成开口，端盖12封闭开口。电极端子3铆接于壁部111。密封件7设置于电极端子3和壁部111之间，密封件7用于实现电极端子3和壁部111密封连接。电极组件2容纳于外壳1内，电极组件2具有第一极耳21和第二极耳22，第一极耳21通过一个集流构件4与电极端子3连接，第一极耳21和电极端子3均与集流构件4焊接，第二极耳22通过另一个集流构件4与端盖12连接。
其中，电极端子3设置有阶梯孔31，沿所述壁部111的厚度方向Z，电极端子3具有背离且最远离电极组件2的第一表面32，阶梯孔31包括连续设置的第一孔段311、第二孔段312和第三孔段313。封堵件5至少部分位于第二孔段312内，封堵件5包括主体区51和边缘区52，边缘区52环绕设置于主体区51的周围。边缘区52与电极端子3焊接连接，并在焊接位置形成焊接部6，焊接部6为环绕设置于边缘区52周围的环形结构，焊接部6连接边缘区52并至少凸出于第一孔段311的底面(第一底面3111)。第一孔段311用于容纳焊接部6的至少一部分，使得焊接部6不凸出于第一表面32。
沿厚度方向Z，边缘区52具有背离且最远离电极组件2的第二表面521，第二表面521位于第一表面32与第一孔段311的底面(第一底面3111)之间。边缘区52具有与第二表面521相连的第一外周面522，焊接部6连接第一外周面522和第一孔段311的底面(第一底面3111)。沿厚度方向Z，第二表面521与第一孔段311的底面(第一底面3111)之间的距离为H 1，第二表面521与第一表面32之间的距离为H 2，第一孔段311的底面(第一底面3111)与第一表面32的距离为H 3，H 1≤0.1mm，H 2≥0.1mm，H 3≥0.1mm。
沿厚度方向Z，主体区51具有背离电极组件2的第三表面511，第三表面511为封堵件5最远离电极组件2的表面，第三表面511与第一表面32平齐。封堵件5设置有从第三表面511向靠近电极组件2的方向凹陷的凹槽53，凹槽53环绕设置于主体区51的周围，边缘区52环绕设置于凹槽53的周围。
第二孔段312的孔侧面3122为圆锥面，第二孔段312的孔侧面3122与第二孔段312的底面(第二底面3121)呈钝角设置。封堵件5的外周面包括与第一外周面522相连的抵靠面55，抵靠面55抵靠于第二孔段312的底面(第二底面3121)，抵靠面55与倾斜面54所呈角度为θ 1，第二孔段312的孔侧面3122与第二孔段312的底面(第二底面3121)所呈角度为θ 2，满足θ 1＞θ 2。
沿厚度方向Z，电极端子3具有面向且最靠近电极组件2的第四表面33，电极端子3设置有介质注入孔34，介质注入孔34的一端延伸至第四表面33，介质注入孔34的另一端与阶梯孔31连通，介质注入孔34用于向电池单体10内部注入电解液。
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
以上实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，并不用于限制本申请，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (24)

  1. 一种电池单体，包括：
    外壳，具有壁部；
    电极组件，容纳于所述外壳内；
    电极端子，设置于所述壁部，所述电极端子与所述电极组件电连接，所述电极端子设置有阶梯孔，沿所述壁部的厚度方向，所述电极端子具有背离且最远离所述电极组件的第一表面，所述阶梯孔包括连续设置的第一孔段和第二孔段，所述第一孔段设置于所述第一表面，所述第二孔段设置于所述第一孔段靠近所述电极组件的一侧；
    封堵件，至少部分位于所述第二孔段内，所述封堵件与所述电极端子焊接连接，并在焊接位置形成焊接部；
    其中，所述第一孔段用于容纳所述焊接部的至少一部分，以使所述焊接部不凸出所述第一表面。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池单体，其中，所述封堵件包括主体区和边缘区，所述边缘区环绕设置于所述主体区的周围，所述焊接部连接所述边缘区，并至少部分凸出于所述第一孔段的底面。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池单体，其中，沿所述厚度方向，所述边缘区具有背离且最远离所述电极组件的第二表面，所述第二表面与所述第一孔段的底面平齐。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的电池单体，其中，沿所述厚度方向，所述边缘区具有背离且最远离所述电极组件的第二表面，所述第二表面位于所述第一表面与所述第一孔段的底面之间。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电池单体，其中，所述边缘区具有与所述第二表面相连的第一外周面，所述焊接部连接所述第一外周面和所述第一孔段的底面。
  6. 根据权利要求4或5所述的电池单体，其中，沿所述厚度方向，所述第二表面与所述第一孔段的底面之间的距离为H 1，满足：H 1≤0.1mm。
  7. 根据权利要求3-6任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述第二表面与所述第一表面之间的距离为H 2，满足：H 2≥0.1mm。
  8. 根据权利要求2-7任一项所述的电池单体，其中，沿所述厚度方向，所述主体区具有背离所述电极组件的第三表面，所述第三表面为所述封堵件最远离所述电极组件的表面；所述第三表面与所述第一表面平齐；或，所述第三表面较所述第一表面更靠近于所述电极组件。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电池单体，其中，所述封堵件设置有从所述第三表面向靠近所述电极组件的方向凹陷的凹槽，所述凹槽环绕设置于所述主体区的周围，所述边缘区环绕设置于所述凹槽的周围。
  10. 根据权利要求2-9任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述焊接部为环绕所述设置于所述边缘区周围的环形结构。
  11. 根据权利要求1-10任一项所述的电池单体，其中，沿所述厚度方向，所述封堵件具有背离且最远离所述电极组件的第三表面；
    所述第三表面与所述第一表面平齐；或，所述第三表面较所述第一表面更靠近于所述电极组件。
  12. 根据权利要求1-11任一项所述的电池单体，其中，沿所述厚度方向，所述第一孔段的底面与所述第一表面的距离为H 3，满足：H 3≥0.1mm。
  13. 根据权利要求1-12任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述第二孔段的孔侧面倾斜设置，所述第二孔段的孔侧面与所述第二孔段的底面呈钝角设置。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的电池单体，其中，所述第二孔段的孔侧面与所述第一孔段的底面相连，并在连接位置形成尖角。
  15. 根据权利要求13或14所述的电池单体，其中，所述第二孔段的孔侧面为圆锥面。
  16. 根据权利要求13-15任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述封堵件的外周面包括倾斜面，所述倾斜面与所述第二孔段的孔侧面面向设置。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的电池单体，其中，沿所述厚度方向，所述封堵件具有抵靠面，所述抵靠面抵靠于所述第二孔段的底面；
    其中，所述抵靠面与所述倾斜面所呈角度为θ 1，所述第二孔段的孔侧面与所述第二孔段的底 面所呈角度为θ 2，满足θ 1＞θ 2。
  18. 根据权利要求1-17任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述阶梯孔还包括第三孔段，所述第三孔段设置于所述第二孔段的底面，所述封堵件抵靠于所述第二孔段的底面。
  19. 根据权利要求1-18任一项所述的电池单体，其中，沿所述厚度方向，所述电极端子具有面向且最靠近所述电极组件的第四表面；
    所述电极端子设置有介质注入孔，所述介质注入孔的一端延伸至所述第四表面，所述介质注入孔的另一端与所述阶梯孔连通，所述介质注入孔用于向所述电池单体内部注入电解液。
  20. 根据权利要求1-19任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述电极端子包括本体部、第一限位部和第二限位部；
    沿所述厚度方向，所述第一限位部和所述第二限位部分别连接于所述本体部的两端，所述本体部穿过所述壁部，所述壁部至少部分位于所述第一限位部和所述第二限位部之间，以限制所述电极端子相对所述壁部移动，所述第一表面为所述第一限位部背离所述第二限位部的表面。
  21. 根据权利要求1-20任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述外壳包括壳体和端盖；
    所述壳体包括一体成型的侧壁和所述壁部，所述侧壁围设于所述壁部的周围，沿所述厚度方向，所述壁部设置于所述侧壁的一端，所述侧壁的另一端形成开口，所述端盖封闭所述开口。
  22. 一种电池，包括如权利要求1-21任一项所述的电池单体。
  23. 根据权利要求22所述的电池，其中，所述电池包括汇流部件和多个所述电池单体，多个所述电池单体通过所述汇流部件电连接，所述汇流部件抵靠于所述第一表面，并与封堵件焊接连接。
  24. 一种用电设备，包括权利要求22或23所述的电池。
PCT/CN2022/125965 2022-10-18 2022-10-18 电池单体、电池及用电设备 WO2024082141A1 (zh)

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2013051185A (ja) * 2011-08-31 2013-03-14 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd 組電池
CN216720089U (zh) * 2022-01-14 2022-06-10 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 电池单体、电池及用电设备

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2013051185A (ja) * 2011-08-31 2013-03-14 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd 組電池
CN216720089U (zh) * 2022-01-14 2022-06-10 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 电池单体、电池及用电设备

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