WO2022188132A1 - 电池单体及其制造方法和制造系统、电池以及用电设备 - Google Patents

电池单体及其制造方法和制造系统、电池以及用电设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022188132A1
WO2022188132A1 PCT/CN2021/080386 CN2021080386W WO2022188132A1 WO 2022188132 A1 WO2022188132 A1 WO 2022188132A1 CN 2021080386 W CN2021080386 W CN 2021080386W WO 2022188132 A1 WO2022188132 A1 WO 2022188132A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electrode assembly
base portion
battery cell
end cap
region
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/080386
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李全坤
刘文忠
苏华圣
邹启凡
王鹏
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2021/080386 priority Critical patent/WO2022188132A1/zh
Priority to EP21920113.4A priority patent/EP4109666A4/en
Priority to CN202180013912.0A priority patent/CN115349195B/zh
Priority to US17/821,807 priority patent/US20220407192A1/en
Publication of WO2022188132A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022188132A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H01M50/533—Electrode connections inside a battery casing characterised by the shape of the leads or tabs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/107—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H01M50/148—Lids or covers characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/152—Lids or covers characterised by their shape for cells having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H01M50/536—Electrode connections inside a battery casing characterised by the method of fixing the leads to the electrodes, e.g. by welding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/543—Terminals
    • H01M50/552—Terminals characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/559—Terminals adapted for cells having curved cross-section, e.g. round, elliptic or button cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/543—Terminals
    • H01M50/564—Terminals characterised by their manufacturing process
    • H01M50/566—Terminals characterised by their manufacturing process by welding, soldering or brazing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery technology, and more particularly, to a battery cell, a manufacturing method and a manufacturing system thereof, a battery, and an electrical device.
  • the battery cell includes an electrode assembly, and the electrode assembly is usually electrically connected to the electrode terminal or the end cap through the current collecting member, and the current collecting member is generally connected to the electrode assembly by welding; metal particles are generated during the welding process, and the metal particles remain in the battery cell. There is a risk of short circuits inside the body.
  • the present application provides a battery cell and a manufacturing method and manufacturing system thereof, a battery and an electrical device, which can reduce the risk of short circuit.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a battery cell, including: an electrode assembly; a casing for accommodating the electrode assembly and having an opening; an end cap for closing the opening of the casing; and a current collecting member for The electrode assembly and the end cap are electrically connected, the current collecting member includes a base part and an elastic part connected to the base part, the base part and the elastic part are located between the end cap and the electrode assembly, the base part is used for connecting the end cap, and the elastic part at least partially protrudes On the surface of the base portion facing the electrode assembly and abutting against the electrode assembly, the elastic portion is configured to be able to deform when being pressed by the electrode assembly.
  • the elastic portion of the current collecting member is in contact with the electrode assembly and does not need to be connected to the electrode assembly by welding, thereby reducing the metal particles remaining in the battery cells and reducing the risk of short circuit.
  • the elastic portion is in contact with the electrode assembly and can be deformed when being squeezed by the electrode assembly, and releases the pressure between the two through deformation, thereby reducing the risk of crushing the electrode assembly due to excessive pressure.
  • the elastic part generates elastic force after being deformed under pressure, and the elastic part can keep in contact with the electrode assembly under the action of the elastic force, thereby reducing the contact resistance between the electrode assembly and the elastic part and improving the overcurrent capability.
  • the elastic portion includes a bending region and a connecting region, one end of the bending region is connected to the base portion and bent toward the electrode assembly, and the connecting region is connected to the other end of the bending region and abuts the electrode assembly.
  • both the connecting area and the bending area can release the pressure between the electrode assembly and the elastic part through deformation, and reduce the pressure injury caused by excessive pressure. Risk of electrode assembly.
  • the connection area and the bending area generate elastic force after being deformed under pressure. Under the action of the elastic force, the connection area and the electrode assembly are kept in contact, the contact resistance between the electrode assembly and the elastic part is reduced, and the overcurrent capability is improved.
  • the base portion includes a first through hole, and one end of the bending region is connected to a hole wall of the first through hole.
  • the projection of the connection region is located within the projection of the first through hole.
  • the connection area can move into the first through hole, that is, the first through hole can reserve a certain deformation space for the connection area, and the base part will not block the deformation of the connection area.
  • the included angle between the bending region and the base portion is greater than 90 degrees.
  • the hole wall of the first through hole includes two first side walls and two second side walls, the two first side walls are disposed opposite to each other along the circumferential direction of the base portion, and the two second side walls are along the circumference of the base portion.
  • the base parts are arranged diametrically opposite.
  • the radial dimension of the first side wall is larger than the circumferential dimension of the second side wall, and the bending region extends from the first side wall; or, the radial dimension of the first side wall is smaller than the circumferential dimension of the second side wall dimension, the bend region extends from the second side wall.
  • the bending area is connected with the larger side wall, which can ensure the connection strength and flow area between the bending area and the base part.
  • a plurality of first through holes are provided, and an elastic portion is connected to the hole wall of each first through hole.
  • At least a portion of the plurality of first through holes are spaced apart along the circumference of the base portion.
  • at least some of the plurality of elastic parts are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction, so that the contact surfaces of the plurality of elastic parts and the tab parts can be evenly distributed, so that the current can be transmitted outwards more evenly.
  • the base portion includes a central area, a first annular area and a first transition area, the first annular area surrounds the outside of the central area and is spaced apart from the central area, and the first transition area extends along the radial direction of the base portion and connected between the central area and the first annular area.
  • the wall of the central zone facing the first annular zone is connected to the bending zone.
  • the base portion further includes a second annular area and a second transition area, the second annular area surrounds the outer side of the first annular area and is spaced from the first annular area, and the second transition area is connected to the first annular area zone and the second annular zone, and the second transition zone and the first transition zone are aligned radially of the base portion.
  • the width of the first annular region is greater than or equal to the width of the connecting region. In this way, the strength of the first annular region can be ensured, and the risk of easy deformation and tearing of the first annular region can be reduced.
  • the current collecting member includes a plurality of second through holes
  • the elastic portion includes a plurality of bending regions
  • the plurality of second through holes and the plurality of bending regions are alternately arranged along the circumference of the base portion.
  • the connecting area is connected to the plurality of bending areas.
  • each bending area by opening a plurality of second through holes, the strength of each bending area can be reduced, so that each bending area is more easily deformed.
  • the connection area abuts against the electrode assembly and is pressed by the electrode assembly, the pressure is transmitted to the multiple bending areas, and the bending area is deformed under the action of the pressure to release the pressure between the connection area and the electrode assembly, reducing the Risk of crushing electrode assembly due to excessive pressure.
  • the bending area generates an elastic force after being deformed under pressure, and under the action of the elastic force, the connection area and the electrode assembly are kept in contact, the contact resistance between the electrode assembly and the connection area is reduced, and the overcurrent capability is improved.
  • the thickness of the bending region is less than the thickness of the base portion; and/or the thickness of the connecting region is less than the thickness of the base portion.
  • the surface roughness of the electrode assembly-facing surface of the connection region is greater than the surface roughness of the base portion.
  • the electrode assembly has a first surface facing the end cap and a first recessed portion recessed relative to the first surface, and the elastic portion is at least partially received within the first recessed portion.
  • the first surface is in contact with the base portion, so as to increase the contact area between the current collecting member and the electrode assembly and improve the current flow capacity.
  • the end cap has a second surface facing the electrode assembly and a second recess recessed relative to the second surface, and the base portion is at least partially received in the second recess.
  • the base portion is welded to the end cap; and/or the base portion is in an interference fit with the second recess.
  • the elastic portion abuts against the electrode assembly via a conductive medium.
  • a conductive medium By setting a conductive medium with better conductivity, a more stable current can be output.
  • the electrode assembly includes a body portion and a tab portion extending from the body portion, the tab portion being located between the body portion and the end cap.
  • the current collecting member further includes a first extension portion extending from an edge of the base portion toward a direction close to the main body portion, and the first extension portion surrounds the outer side of the tab portion.
  • the first extension part and the base part form a third concave part, a part of the tab part extends into the third concave part, and the elastic part is at least partially accommodated in the third concave part and abuts against the tab part.
  • the first extension part can play the role of closing the tab part.
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides a battery, including at least one battery cell according to any embodiment of the first aspect.
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides an electrical device, including the battery according to any embodiment of the second aspect, where the battery is used to provide electrical energy.
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides a method for manufacturing a battery cell, including: providing an end cap; providing a current collecting member, where the current collecting member includes a base portion and an elastic portion connected to the base portion; and connecting the base portion to the end cap; providing an electrode assembly; providing a case, the case having an opening; placing the electrode assembly into the case via the opening; connecting the end cap connected with the current collecting member to the case to close the opening of the case, allowing the collection
  • the flow member electrically connects the electrode assembly and the end cap.
  • the base portion and the elastic portion are located between the end cap and the electrode assembly, the elastic portion at least partially protrudes from the surface of the base portion facing the electrode assembly and abuts against the electrode assembly, and the elastic portion is configured to be able to be pressed by the electrode assembly time deformation.
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides a battery cell manufacturing system, including: a first providing device for providing an end cap; a second providing device for providing a current collecting member, the current collecting member comprising a base a first assembling means for connecting the base part to the end cap; a third providing means for providing an electrode assembly; a fourth providing means for providing a housing having an opening; a second assembling device for putting the electrode assembly into the casing through the opening; a third assembling device for connecting the end cap connected with the current collecting member to the casing to close the opening of the casing and make the current collecting The member electrically connects the electrode assembly and the end cap.
  • the base portion and the elastic portion are located between the end cap and the electrode assembly, the elastic portion at least partially protrudes from the surface of the base portion facing the electrode assembly and abuts against the electrode assembly, and the elastic portion is configured to be able to be pressed by the electrode assembly time deformation.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded schematic diagram of a battery provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the battery module shown in FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the battery cell shown in FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 5 is an exploded schematic diagram of a battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is an enlarged schematic view of the battery cell shown in FIG. 6 at block A;
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a current collecting member of a battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic top view of the current collecting member shown in FIG. 8.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the current collecting member shown in FIG. 9 taken along the line B-B
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a current collecting member of a battery cell provided by other embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a current collecting member of a battery cell according to further embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic top view of the current collecting member shown in FIG. 12;
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the current collecting member shown in FIG. 13 taken along line C-C;
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of a current collecting member of a battery cell according to further embodiments of the present application.
  • 16 is a schematic flowchart of a method for manufacturing a battery cell according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic block diagram of a battery cell manufacturing system provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the terms “installed”, “connected”, “connected” and “attached” should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection, It can also be a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be internal communication between two components.
  • installed should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection, It can also be a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be internal communication between two components.
  • plural refers to two or more (including two).
  • the battery cells may include lithium-ion secondary battery cells, lithium-ion primary battery cells, lithium-sulfur battery cells, sodium-lithium-ion battery cells, sodium-ion battery cells, or magnesium-ion battery cells, etc., This embodiment of the present application does not limit this.
  • the battery cell may be in the form of a cylinder, a flat body, a rectangular parallelepiped, or other shapes, which are not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cells are generally divided into three types according to the packaging method: cylindrical battery cells, square battery cells, and soft-pack battery cells, which are not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery mentioned in the embodiments of the present application refers to a single physical module including one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the batteries mentioned in this application may include battery modules or battery packs, and the like.
  • Batteries typically include a case for enclosing one or more battery cells. The box can prevent liquids or other foreign objects from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells.
  • the battery cell includes an electrode assembly and an electrolyte, and the electrode assembly is composed of a positive pole piece, a negative pole piece and a separator.
  • the battery cell mainly relies on the movement of metal ions between the positive pole piece and the negative pole piece to work.
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer, the positive electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive electrode current collector, and the positive electrode current collector without the positive electrode active material layer protrudes from the positive electrode collector coated with the positive electrode active material layer.
  • the fluid, the positive electrode current collector without the positive electrode active material layer was used as the positive electrode tab.
  • the material of the positive electrode current collector can be aluminum, and the positive electrode active material can be lithium cobalt oxide, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium, or lithium manganate.
  • the negative electrode pole piece includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer, the negative electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the negative electrode current collector, and the negative electrode current collector without the negative electrode active material layer is protruded from the negative electrode collector that has been coated with the negative electrode active material layer. Fluid, the negative electrode current collector without the negative electrode active material layer is used as the negative electrode tab.
  • the material of the negative electrode current collector can be copper, and the negative electrode active material can be carbon or silicon.
  • the number of positive tabs is multiple and stacked together, and the number of negative tabs is multiple and stacked together.
  • the material of the separator can be PP (polypropylene, polypropylene) or PE (polyethylene, polyethylene), and the like.
  • the electrode assembly may be a wound structure or a laminated structure, and the embodiment of the present application is not limited thereto.
  • the battery cell also includes a housing for containing the electrode assembly and the electrolyte.
  • the housing includes a housing and an end cap connected to the housing, and the housing and the end cap form a accommodating cavity for accommodating the electrode assembly and the electrolyte.
  • the electrode assembly is generally electrically connected to the end cap or the electrode terminal provided on the end cap through a current collecting member, and the current collecting member is generally connected to the electrode assembly by welding.
  • the inventors found that metal particles are generated during the welding process, and the metal particles remaining inside the battery cells can cause a risk of short circuit.
  • a battery cell includes: an electrode assembly; a casing for accommodating the electrode assembly and having an opening; an end cap for closing the opening of the casing; and a current collecting member for The electrode assembly and the end cap are electrically connected, the current collecting member includes a base part and an elastic part connected to the base part, the base part and the elastic part are located between the end cap and the electrode assembly, the base part is used for connecting the end cap, and the elastic part at least partially protrudes On the surface of the base portion facing the electrode assembly and abutting against the electrode assembly, the elastic portion is configured to be able to deform when being pressed by the electrode assembly.
  • the battery cells of this structure do not need to weld electrode assemblies and current collecting members, thereby reducing metal particles remaining in the battery cells and reducing safety risks.
  • Electrical equipment can be vehicles, mobile phones, portable devices, notebook computers, ships, spacecraft, electric toys and power tools, and so on.
  • Vehicles can be fuel vehicles, gas vehicles or new energy vehicles, and new energy vehicles can be pure electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles or extended-range vehicles, etc.
  • spacecraft include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, spacecraft, etc.
  • electric toys include fixed Electric toys that are portable or mobile, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric ship toys and electric airplane toys, etc.
  • electric tools include metal cutting power tools, grinding power tools, assembling power tools and railway power tools, such as, Electric drills, electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, electric impact drills, concrete vibrators and electric planers, etc.
  • the embodiments of the present application do not impose special restrictions on the above-mentioned electrical equipment.
  • the electric device is a vehicle as an example for description.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle 1 according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • the interior of the vehicle 1 is provided with a battery 2 , and the battery 2 may be provided at the bottom, head or tail of the vehicle 1 .
  • the battery 2 can be used for power supply of the vehicle 1 , for example, the battery 2 can be used as an operating power source of the vehicle 1 .
  • the vehicle 1 may also include a controller 3 and a motor 4, and the controller 3 is used to control the battery 2 to supply power to the motor 4, for example, for starting, navigating, and driving the vehicle 1 for work power requirements.
  • the battery 2 can not only be used as the operating power source of the vehicle 1 , but can also be used as the driving power source of the vehicle 1 to provide driving power for the vehicle 1 instead of or partially instead of fuel or natural gas.
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded schematic diagram of a battery 2 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery 2 includes a case 5 and battery cells (not shown in FIG. 2 ), and the battery cells are accommodated in the case 5 .
  • the box body 5 is used for accommodating the battery cells, and the box body 5 can have various structures.
  • the box body 5 may include a first box body part 51 and a second box body part 52, the first box body part 51 and the second box body part 52 are covered with each other, and the first box body part 51 and the second box body part 52 cover each other.
  • the two box parts 52 together define an accommodating space for accommodating the battery cells.
  • the second box portion 52 may be a hollow structure with one end open, the first box portion 51 is a plate-like structure, and the first box portion 51 is covered with the opening side of the second box portion 52 to form a housing with an accommodating space.
  • first box portion 51 and the second box portion 52 can also be hollow structures with one side open, and the opening side of the first box portion 51 is covered with the opening side of the second box portion 52, In order to form the box body 5 with the accommodating space.
  • first box body portion 51 and the second box body portion 52 may have various shapes, such as a cylinder, a rectangular parallelepiped, and the like.
  • a sealing member such as a sealant, a sealing ring, etc., may also be provided between the first case part 51 and the second case part 52 .
  • the first case portion 51 may also be referred to as an upper case cover, and the second case portion 52 may also be referred to as a lower case body.
  • the battery 2 there may be one battery cell or a plurality of battery cells. If there are multiple battery cells, the multiple battery cells can be connected in series or in parallel or in a mixed connection.
  • a mixed connection means that there are both series and parallel connections in the multiple battery cells. Multiple battery cells can be directly connected in series or in parallel or mixed together, and then the whole composed of multiple battery cells can be accommodated in the box 5; of course, multiple battery cells can also be connected in series or in parallel or
  • the battery modules 6 are formed in a mixed connection, and a plurality of battery modules 6 are connected in series or in parallel or in a mixed connection to form a whole, and are accommodated in the box 5 .
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the battery module 6 shown in FIG. 2 .
  • there are multiple battery cells 7 and the multiple battery cells 7 are first connected in series or in parallel or mixed to form a battery module 6 .
  • a plurality of battery modules 6 are connected in series or in parallel or mixed to form a whole, and are accommodated in the box 5 .
  • the plurality of battery cells 7 in the battery module 6 can be electrically connected through a bus component, so as to realize parallel connection, series connection or mixed connection of the plurality of battery cells 7 in the battery module 6 .
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the battery cell 7 shown in FIG. 3
  • FIG. 5 is an exploded schematic diagram of the battery cell 7 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cell 7 provided in the embodiment of the present application includes a casing 10 and an electrode assembly 20 , and the electrode assembly 20 is accommodated in the casing 10 .
  • the electrode assembly 20 includes a main body part 21 and a tab part 22 extending from the main body part 21 .
  • the main body portion 21 includes a positive electrode active material layer, a portion of the positive electrode current collector coated with the positive electrode active material layer, a negative electrode active material layer, a portion of the negative electrode current collector coated with the negative electrode active material layer, and a separator.
  • the two tab parts 22 are respectively a positive tab and a negative tab.
  • the electrode assembly 20 is a wound structure, and correspondingly, each tab portion 22 is wound into a multi-layer structure.
  • the housing 10 may also be used to contain an electrolyte, such as an electrolyte.
  • the housing 10 can be in a variety of configurations.
  • the housing 10 may include a housing 11 and an end cap 12, the housing 11 is a hollow structure with an opening, and the end cap 12 is closed at the opening of the housing 11 and forms a sealing connection to form a housing for accommodating The sealed space of the electrode assembly 20 and the electrolyte.
  • the housing 11 can be in various shapes, such as a cylinder, a rectangular parallelepiped, and the like.
  • the shape of the case 11 may be determined according to the specific shape of the electrode assembly 20 .
  • the end cap 12 may also have various structures, for example, the end cap 12 is a plate-like structure, a hollow structure with one end open, and the like.
  • the housing 11 is a cylindrical structure
  • the end cover 12 is a plate-like structure
  • the end cover 12 covers the opening of the housing 11 .
  • the battery cell 7 also includes a sealing member 30 that separates the end cap 12 from the housing 11 .
  • the sealing member 30 is used to seal the opening of the case 11 to improve the sealing performance of the battery cells 7 .
  • the material of the sealing member 30 may be PP, PE, PFA or fluororubber.
  • the sealing member 30 is made of an insulating material capable of insulating the end cap 12 from the housing 11 .
  • the housing 10 includes a housing 11 and two end caps 12 .
  • the housing 11 is a hollow structure with openings on two opposite sides, and each end cap 12 is correspondingly covered with a corresponding opening of the housing 11 and A sealed connection is formed to form a sealed space for accommodating the electrode assembly 20 and the electrolyte.
  • one end cap 12 may be directly connected to the housing 11 , eg welded to the housing 11 , and the sealing member 30 insulates the other end cap 12 from the housing 11 .
  • one tab portion 22 is located between the main body portion 21 and one end cap 12 , and the other tab portion 22 is located between the main body portion 21 and the other end cap 12 .
  • the two end caps 12 are electrically connected to the two tab portions 22 respectively, and the two end caps 12 can be respectively used as positive and negative electrode terminals of the battery cell 7 to output the electrical energy generated by the electrode assembly 20 .
  • the housing 10 includes a casing 11 and an end cover 12 , the casing 11 is a hollow structure with an opening on one side, and the end cover 12 covers the opening of the casing 11 and forms a sealing connection.
  • one tab portion 22 is positioned between the main body portion 21 and one end cap 12
  • the other tab portion 22 is positioned between the main body portion 21 and the bottom plate of the housing 11 .
  • the end cap 12 and the casing 11 are respectively electrically connected to the two tabs 22 , and the end cap 12 and the casing 11 can be used as positive and negative electrode terminals of the battery cell 7 respectively to output the electrical energy generated by the electrode assembly 20 .
  • At least one end cap 12 is provided with an electrolyte injection hole 121 , and the electrolyte injection hole 121 penetrates the end cap 12 along the thickness direction of the end cap 12 .
  • the electrolyte enters the inside of the battery cell 7 through the electrolyte injection hole 121 .
  • the battery cell 7 further includes a sealing plate 40 connected to the end cap 12 and covering the electrolyte injection hole 121 for sealing the electrolyte injection hole 121 after the liquid injection process is completed.
  • the battery cell 7 further includes a current collecting member 50 for electrically connecting the electrode assembly 20 and the end cap 12 .
  • the current collecting member 50 is capable of transmitting electrical current between the electrode assembly 20 and the end cap 12 .
  • the current collecting member 50 is a metal sheet, such as a nickel sheet.
  • the battery cells 7 are cylindrical, and the current collecting members 50 are generally disc-shaped.
  • the current collecting member 50 abuts against the electrode assembly 20 .
  • the end cap 12 presses the current collecting member 50 to press the current collecting member 50 against the electrode assembly 20, so that the current collecting member 50 is kept in contact with the end cap 12 and the electrode assembly 20 to realize the electrode assembly.
  • Current transfer between assembly 20 and end cap 12 the current collecting member 50 abuts against the electrode assembly 20 and does not need to be connected to the electrode assembly 20 by welding, thereby reducing metal particles remaining in the battery cell 7 and reducing the risk of short circuit.
  • the applicant improves the structure of the battery cell, which will be described in detail below with reference to different embodiments.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a battery cell 7 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is an enlarged schematic view of the battery cell 7 shown in FIG. 6 at block A. As shown in FIG.
  • the current collecting member 50 includes a base portion 51 and an elastic portion 52 connected to the base portion 51 , and the base portion 51 and the elastic portion 52 are located in the end cap 12 and the electrode assembly 20, the base part 51 is used for connecting the end cap 12, the elastic part 52 at least partially protrudes from the surface of the base part 51 facing the electrode assembly 20 and abuts against the electrode assembly 20, and the elastic part 52 is configured to be able to It deforms when being pressed by the electrode assembly 20 .
  • the base portion 51 is connected to the end cap 12 .
  • the base portion 51 may be attached to the end cap 12 by snap fit, interference fit, welding, or other means.
  • the base portion 51 is generally flat, and the two opposite surfaces of the base portion 51 in the thickness direction thereof are planes and face the end cap 12 and the electrode assembly 20 respectively.
  • the elastic portion 52 at least partially protrudes from the surface of the base portion 51 facing the electrode assembly 20 .
  • the end cap 12 is inserted into the housing 11 and the end cap 12 is pushed toward the electrode assembly 20 , and the current collecting member 50 moves with the end cap 12 toward the electrode assembly 20 .
  • the elastic portion 52 first contacts the electrode assembly 20 and then gradually squeezes the electrode assembly 20 .
  • the elastic portion 52 deforms under the reaction force exerted by the electrode assembly 20 to release the pressure therebetween.
  • the elastic portion 52 is in contact with the electrode assembly 20 and can be deformed when being pressed by the electrode assembly 20 , and releases the pressure between the two through deformation, thereby reducing the pressure caused by excessive pressure. Risk of injury to electrode assembly 20.
  • the elastic portion 52 generates elastic force after being deformed under pressure.
  • the elastic portion 52 can maintain contact with the electrode assembly 20 under the action of the elastic force, thereby reducing the contact resistance between the electrode assembly 20 and the elastic portion 52 and improving the overcurrent capability.
  • the electrode assembly 20 has a first surface 23 facing the end cap 12 and a first recess 24 recessed relative to the first surface 23 , and the elastic portion 52 is at least partially received in the first recess 24 .
  • the elastic portion 52 is in contact with the tab portion 22 , and the surface of the tab portion 22 away from the main body portion 21 is the first surface 23 .
  • the tab portion 22 includes a metal foil (such as aluminum foil or copper foil) that is wound into multiple turns, and the metal foil is soft and easily deformed by force, so the tab portion 22 is The first concave portion 24 is formed under the pressing of the elastic portion 52 .
  • the first surface 23 is in contact with the base portion 51 to increase the contact area between the current collecting member 50 and the electrode assembly 20 and improve the current flow capacity. In other embodiments, under the condition that the contact area between the elastic portion 52 and the electrode assembly 20 satisfies the requirements, the first surface 23 may also be spaced apart from the base portion 51 .
  • the end cap 12 has a second surface 122 facing the electrode assembly 20 and a second recess 123 recessed relative to the second surface 122 , and the base portion 51 is at least partially received in the second recess 123 .
  • the second recess 123 is recessed in a direction away from the electrode assembly 20 relative to the second surface 122 .
  • the second surface 122 is flat.
  • the second concave portion 123 By arranging the second concave portion 123 , the space occupied by the end cap 12 and the current collecting member 50 as a whole can be reduced, and the energy density of the battery cell 7 can be improved. In addition, in the process of assembling the battery cell 7 , the end cap 12 and the current collecting member 50 may be assembled together in advance, and then assembled with the electrode assembly 20 . By arranging the second concave portion 123 , the positioning of the current collecting member 50 can also be facilitated, which helps to simplify the assembly process of the end cap 12 and the current collecting member 50 .
  • the base portion 51 of the current collecting member 50 is connected to the end cap 12 .
  • the connection mode of the base portion 51 and the end cap 12 can be selected according to requirements.
  • the base portion 51 and the second concave portion 123 are in an interference fit, so that the base portion 51 is snapped with the end cap 12 .
  • This assembly method is not prone to metal particles.
  • the base portion 51 is welded to the end cap 12 ; during welding, the laser can act on the side of the end cap 12 away from the base portion 51 , which can reduce the risk of metal particles generated by welding entering the interior of the battery cell 7 .
  • the base portion 51 is in an interference fit with the second recess 123 , and the base portion 51 is welded to the end cap 12 , so that the overcurrent capability between the base portion 51 and the end cap 12 can be improved.
  • the end cap 12 and the base body 51 can be welded when the end cap 12 and the current collecting member 50 are assembled, or the end cap 12 and the base body 51 can be welded from the outside after the end cap 12 and the housing 11 are assembled.
  • the base portion 51 can also be adhered to the end cap 12 by conductive glue.
  • the elastic portion 52 abuts against the electrode assembly 20 via a conductive medium.
  • a conductive medium may be conductive paste, silver, or other materials.
  • the current collecting member 50 further includes a first extension portion 53 extending from an edge of the base portion 51 toward a direction close to the main body portion 21 .
  • the base portion 51 is generally a circular flat plate, and the edge of the base portion 51 is circular.
  • the first extension portion 53 is connected to the edge of the base portion 51 and disposed around the base portion 51 , and the first extension portion 53 is bent relative to the base portion 51 .
  • the first extension portion 53 surrounds the outer side of the tab portion 22 .
  • the first extension portion 53 and the base portion 51 form a third concave portion 54 , a part of the tab portion 22 extends into the third concave portion 54 , and the elastic portion 52 is at least partially accommodated in the third concave portion 54 and abuts against the tab portion 22 .
  • the tab portion 22 includes a metal foil that is wound into multiple turns, and the first extension portion 53 can function to close the tab portion 22 .
  • the current collecting member 50 further includes a second extension portion 56 connected to an end of the first extension portion 53 away from the base portion 51 .
  • the second extension portion 56 is annular and generally parallel to the base portion 51 .
  • the second extension 56 may serve as a connection area between the current collecting member 50 and the end cap 12 .
  • the housing 11 has a protruding portion 111 protruding inward, and the protruding portion 111 is located on a side of the end cap 12 facing the main body portion 21 to support the end cap 12 .
  • the convex portion 111 may be formed by rolling the casing 11 , and the groove 112 may be formed on the outer side of the convex portion 111 .
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a current collecting member 50 of a battery cell 7 provided by some embodiments of the present application
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic top view of the current collecting member 50 shown in FIG. 8
  • FIG. 10 is the current collecting member shown in FIG. 9 .
  • 50 A schematic cross-sectional view taken along the line B-B.
  • the elastic portion 52 includes a bending area 521 and a connecting area 522.
  • One end of the bending area 521 is connected to the base portion 51 and is bent toward the electrode assembly 20.
  • the connecting area is 522 is connected to the other end of the bending region 521 and abuts against the electrode assembly 20 .
  • the bending region 521 is bent at a predetermined angle relative to the base portion 51 so as to be close to the electrode assembly 20 .
  • both the bending region 521 and the connecting region 522 are in contact with the tab portion 22 of the electrode assembly 20 .
  • the connecting region 522 before the elastic portion 52 is deformed under pressure, the connecting region 522 is substantially parallel to the base portion 51 , and the included angle between the connecting region 522 and the bending region 521 is equal to the included angle between the base portion 51 and the bending region 521 .
  • the connection area 522 can be rotated relative to the bending area 521 with the connection between the connection area 522 and the bending area 521 as the axis, and the angle between the connection area 522 and the bending area 521 changes;
  • the area 521 may also rotate relative to the base body 51 with the connection between the bending area 521 and the base body 51 as an axis, and the included angle between the base body 51 and the bending area 521 changes.
  • the end of the connection region 522 away from the bending region 521 is closer to the end cap 12 than the end of the connection region 522 close to the bending region 521 .
  • both the connecting region 522 and the bending region 521 can release the electrode assembly 20 and the elasticity through deformation.
  • the pressure between the parts 52 reduces the risk of crushing the electrode assembly 20 due to excessive pressure.
  • the connection area 522 and the bending area 521 generate elastic force after being deformed under pressure, and under the action of the elastic force, the connection area 522 is kept in contact with the electrode assembly 20, and the contact resistance between the electrode assembly 20 and the elastic portion 52 is reduced, Improve overcurrent capability.
  • the present application can improve the elasticity of the elastic portion 52 by reducing the stiffness of the elastic portion 52, so that the elastic portion 52 is more easily deformed.
  • the present application can reduce the stiffness of the elastic portion 52 by changing the material of the elastic portion 52, reducing the thickness of the elastic portion 52 or other methods.
  • the thickness of the bend region 521 is less than the thickness of the base portion 51 .
  • moderately thinning the bending area 521 can make it easier for the bending area 521 to rotate relative to the base body 51 .
  • the tab portion 22 fits better.
  • the thickness of the bending region 521 is 0.2mm-0.4mm.
  • the thickness of the connection region 522 is smaller than the thickness of the base portion 51 .
  • moderately thinning the connection area 522 can make the connection area 522 easier to rotate relative to the bending area 521 , and the elastic portion 52 is more likely to deform and contact the electrode assembly 20 when pressed by the electrode assembly 20 .
  • the ears 22 fit better.
  • the thickness of the connection region 522 is 0.2mm-0.4mm.
  • the thickness of the bending region 521 is smaller than the thickness of the base portion 51
  • the thickness of the connecting region 522 is smaller than the thickness of the base portion 51
  • the thickness of the bending region 521 is equal to the thickness of the connecting region 522 .
  • the thickness of the bending region 521 is 0.2mm-0.4mm
  • the thickness of the connecting region 522 is 0.2mm-0.4mm.
  • the surface roughness of the connection region 522 facing the electrode assembly 20 is greater than the surface roughness of the base portion 51 .
  • the surface of the connection region 522 facing the electrode assembly 20 has substantially the same roughness as the surface of the bend region 521 facing the electrode assembly 20 .
  • the surface roughness of the connection region 522 and the surface roughness of the bend region 521 are increased by an embossing process.
  • the current collecting member 50 is a unitary structure.
  • the current collecting member 50 is integrally formed by machining a metal plate.
  • the base portion 51 includes a first through hole 511 , and one end of the bending region 521 is connected to the hole wall of the first through hole 511 .
  • a part of the hole wall of the first through hole 511 is integrally connected with the bending region 521 .
  • the bending area 521 and the connecting area 522 may be formed when the first through hole 511 is punched.
  • the current collecting member 50 is formed by punching a metal plate, and a portion of the metal plate that is originally located in the first through hole 511 is used to form the elastic portion 52 .
  • the projection of the connection region 522 is located within the projection of the first through hole 511 .
  • the connection area 522 can move into the first through hole 511 , that is, the first through hole 511 can reserve a certain deformation space for the connection area 522 , and the base portion 51 will not block the connection area 522 deformed.
  • the projection of the bending region 521 is also located within the projection of the first through hole 511 .
  • the included angle ⁇ between the bending region 521 and the base portion 51 is greater than 90 degrees. In this way, when the end of the bending region 521 away from the base portion 51 is stressed, the included angle ⁇ tends to increase, and the end of the bending region 521 away from the base portion 51 moves toward the first through hole 511, and the first through hole 511 can A certain deformation space is reserved for the bending area 521, and the bending area 521 has a relatively large degree of deformation.
  • the included angle ⁇ between the bending region 521 and the base portion 51 is less than 90 degrees, when the end of the bending region 521 away from the base portion 51 is subjected to force, the included angle ⁇ tends to decrease, and the bending region 521 is far from the base portion 51 .
  • One end of the base part 51 moves toward the surface of the base part 51 facing the electrode assembly 20 , the base part 51 restricts the movement of the end of the bending area 521 away from the base part 51 , and the bending area 521 is less deformed. Therefore, in the battery cell 7 of this embodiment, the included angle ⁇ between the bending region 521 and the base portion 51 is greater than 90 degrees.
  • the hole wall of the first through hole 511 includes two first side walls 512 and two second side walls 513 .
  • the second side walls 513 are disposed opposite to each other along the radial direction of the base portion 51 .
  • the base portion 51 is a circular flat plate.
  • the shape of the first sidewall 512 and the shape of the second sidewall 513 may be different.
  • the first side wall 512 may be a flat wall
  • the second side wall 513 may be a flat wall
  • the first through hole 511 is generally a trapezoidal hole or a rectangular hole.
  • the first side wall 512 may be a flat wall
  • the second side wall 513 may be an arc-shaped wall (eg, a circular arc-shaped wall)
  • the first through hole 511 is generally a fan-shaped hole.
  • the first side wall 512 may be an arcuate wall
  • the second side wall 513 may be a flat wall.
  • both the first side wall 512 and the second side wall 513 can be arc-shaped walls.
  • the dimension of the first sidewall 512 in the radial direction is smaller than the dimension of the second sidewall 513 in the circumferential direction X, and the bending region 521 extends from the second sidewall 513 .
  • the bending area 521 is connected to the second side wall 513 with a larger size, which can ensure the connection strength and flow area between the bending area 521 and the base portion 51 .
  • a plurality of first through holes 511 are provided, and elastic portions 52 are connected to the hole walls of each of the first through holes 511 .
  • the elastic portion 52 is also provided in plural.
  • the number of the first through holes 511 is the same as the number of the elastic parts 52 .
  • At least part of the plurality of first through holes 511 are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction X of the base portion 51 .
  • at least some of the plurality of elastic portions 52 are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction X, so that the contact surfaces of the plurality of elastic portions 52 and the tab portion 22 can be evenly distributed, so that the current can be transmitted outward more evenly.
  • the plurality of first through holes 511 are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction X and form first through hole rows, and the plurality of first through hole rows are arranged at intervals along the radial direction of the base portion 51 .
  • the plurality of first through holes 511 in each first through hole row have the same size and shape.
  • the size of the first through-holes 511 in the outer first through-hole row along the circumferential direction X is larger than that of the first through-hole row in the inner first through-hole row.
  • the dimension of the through hole 511 along the circumferential direction X The metal foil of the tab portion 22 is wound into multiple turns, and the plurality of first through hole rows allow the elastic portion 52 to contact more turns of the metal foil, so that the current is more uniformly transmitted outward.
  • the base portion 51 includes a central area 514 , a first annular area 515 and a first transition area 516 .
  • the first annular area 515 surrounds the outside of the central area 514 and is spaced from the central area 514 .
  • the first transition area 516 extends in the radial direction of the base portion 51 and is connected between the central region 514 and the first annular region 515 .
  • the first through hole 511 is a fan-shaped hole
  • the shape of the connecting area 522 is a fan-shaped flat plate
  • the first annular area 515 is an annular flat plate.
  • the plurality of first through holes 511 between the central area 514 and the first annular area 515 form a first through hole row.
  • the wall of the central region 514 facing the first annular region 515 is connected to the bending region 521 .
  • the base portion 51 further includes a second annular region 517 and a second transition region 518 .
  • the second annular region 517 surrounds the outer side of the first annular region 515 and is spaced apart from the first annular region 515 .
  • the zone 518 is connected between the first annular zone 515 and the second annular zone 517 , and the second transition zone 518 and the first transition zone 516 are aligned radially of the base portion 51 .
  • the first through hole 511 is a fan-shaped hole
  • the second annular region 517 is a circular flat plate.
  • the plurality of first through holes 511 between the first annular region 515 and the second annular region 517 form a first through hole row.
  • the plurality of second transition regions 518 and the plurality of first transition regions 516 are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence.
  • a correspondingly disposed one first transition region 516 and one second transition region 518 are aligned along the radial direction of the base portion 51 .
  • the wall of the first annular region 515 facing the second annular region 517 is connected to the bending region 521 .
  • the first extension 53 surrounds the second annular region 517 and is connected to the second annular region 517 .
  • all the first through holes 511 have the same size in the radial direction of the base portion 51 ; correspondingly, all the connection regions 522 have the same size in the radial direction of the base portion 51 .
  • the radius of the base portion 51 is constant, in the radial direction of the base portion 51 , if the width of the first through hole 511 is increased, the width of the central area 514 , the width of the first annular area 515 and the width of the first through hole 511 need to be reduced accordingly.
  • the width of the second annular region 517 if the width of the first through hole 511 is increased, the width of the central area 514 , the width of the first annular area 515 and the width of the first through hole 511 need to be reduced accordingly.
  • the width of the second annular region 517 if the width of the first through hole 511 is increased, the width of the central area 514 , the width of the first annular area 515 and the width of the first through hole 511 need to be reduced accordingly.
  • the width of the second annular region 517 if the width of the first through hole 511 is increased, the width of the central area 514 , the width of the first annular area 515 and the width of the first through hole 511 need
  • the width of the connecting region 522 connected to the first annular region 515 is, the larger the width of the first through hole 511 is, and the width of the first annular region 515 is correspondingly reduced.
  • the strength of the annular region 515 is reduced.
  • the elastic portion 52 is deformed under pressure, the pressure is transmitted to the first annular region 515 via the elastic portion 52. If the width of the first annular region 515 is too small, the first annular region 515 is easily deformed or even torn. Therefore, in some embodiments, in the radial direction of the base portion 51 , the width of the first annular region 515 is greater than or equal to the width of the connecting region 522 to ensure the strength of the first annular region 515 .
  • the base portion 51 is provided with a central hole 519 therethrough, and the central region 514 is annular and disposed around the central hole 519 .
  • the electrolyte injection hole 121 and the center hole 519 are provided in correspondence with each other up and down. In this way, in the liquid injection process, the electrolyte can pass through the central hole 519 and wet the electrode assembly 20 .
  • the central region 514 is an annular plate.
  • the width of the central region 514 is greater than or equal to the width of the connecting region 522 to ensure the strength of the central region 514 .
  • the current collecting member 50 may be turned over as a whole, so that the base portion 51 abuts against the electrode assembly 20 , and the first extension portion 53 and the elastic portion 52 abuts against the end cap 12 . Since the base body 51 is a hollow structure with a plurality of first through holes 511, it can also be deformed when being squeezed by the electrode assembly 20, and the pressure between the two can be released through deformation, so as to reduce the crushing of the electrode due to excessive pressure. Component 20 risk.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a current collecting member of a battery cell provided by other embodiments of the present application. As shown in FIG. 11 , in this embodiment, the extension portion may also be omitted.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a current collecting member 50 of a battery cell provided by further embodiments of the present application
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic top view of the current collecting member 50 shown in FIG. 12
  • FIG. 14 is the current collecting member shown in FIG. 13 .
  • 50 Schematic cross-section taken along line C-C.
  • the hole wall of the first through hole 511 includes two first side walls 512 and two second side walls 513 , and the two first side walls 512 are along the base portion.
  • the circumferential direction X of the base portion 51 is opposite to each other, and the two second side walls 513 are opposite to each other along the radial direction of the base portion 51 .
  • the dimension of the first side wall 512 in the radial direction is larger than the dimension of the second side wall 513 in the circumferential direction X, and the bending area 521 extends from the first side wall 512 . In this way, the bending area 521 is connected to the first side wall 512 with a larger size, which can ensure the connection strength and flow area between the bending area 521 and the base portion 51 .
  • first side wall 512 and the second side wall 513 are both flat walls, and the first through hole 511 is generally a rectangular hole. In some embodiments, the first sidewall 512 and the second sidewall 513 may transition through rounded corners.
  • connection region 522 in the radial direction of the base portion 51 is larger than the dimension of the connection region 522 in the circumferential direction X.
  • the metal foil of the tab portion 22 is wound in multiple turns, and the connection area 522 has a larger size in the radial direction, which can contact more turns of the metal foil, so that the current is more uniformly transmitted outward.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of a current collecting member 50 of a battery cell according to further embodiments of the present application.
  • the current collecting member 50 includes a plurality of second through holes 55
  • the elastic portion 52 includes a plurality of bending regions 521 , a plurality of second through holes 55 and a plurality of bending regions 521 They are alternately arranged along the circumferential direction X of the base portion 51 .
  • the connecting area 522 is connected to the plurality of bending areas 521 .
  • the connection region 522 is one.
  • the connection area 522 can be a circular flat plate.
  • each bending region 521 By opening a plurality of second through holes 55 in the embodiment of the present application, the strength of each bending region 521 can be reduced, and each bending region 521 can be more easily deformed.
  • the connecting region 522 abuts against the electrode assembly and is pressed by the electrode assembly, the pressure is transmitted to the plurality of bending regions 521, and the bending regions 521 are deformed under the action of the pressure to release the contact between the connecting region 522 and the electrode assembly. pressure, reducing the risk of crushing the electrode assembly due to excessive pressure.
  • the bending region 521 generates elastic force after being deformed under pressure, and under the action of the elastic force, the connecting region 522 is kept in contact with the electrode assembly, thereby reducing the contact resistance between the electrode assembly and the connecting region 522 and improving the overcurrent capability.
  • the elastic portion 52 is a convex hull formed by stamping, and a side of the elastic portion 52 facing away from the electrode assembly forms a concave cavity.
  • a third through hole 522 a is formed in the middle of the connection region 522 , and the electrolyte injection hole and the third through hole 522 a are arranged correspondingly up and down. In this way, in the liquid injection process, the electrolyte can pass through the third through hole 522a and infiltrate the electrode assembly.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic flowchart of a method for manufacturing a battery cell according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • the manufacturing method of the battery cell according to the embodiment of the present application includes:
  • the base portion and the elastic portion are located between the end cap and the electrode assembly, the elastic portion at least partially protrudes from the surface of the base portion facing the electrode assembly and abuts against the electrode assembly, and the elastic portion is configured to be able to be pressed by the electrode assembly time deformation.
  • steps S100 and S200 may be performed in no particular order, and may be performed simultaneously; steps S400, S500, and S600 may be performed first, and then steps S100, S200, and S300 may be performed.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic block diagram of a manufacturing system of a battery cell 7 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cell manufacturing system 8 includes: a first providing device 81 for providing an end cap; a second providing device 82 for providing a current collecting member, and the current collecting member includes a base body
  • the first assembly means 83 is used to connect the base body to the end cap; the third providing means 84 is used to provide the electrode assembly; the fourth providing means 85 is used to provide the housing,
  • the casing has an opening; a second assembling means 86 is used to put the electrode assembly into the casing through the opening; and a third assembling means 87 is used to connect the end cap connected with the current collecting member to the casing to close the casing.
  • the opening allows the current collecting member to electrically connect the electrode assembly and the end cap.
  • the base portion and the elastic portion are located between the end cap and the electrode assembly, the elastic portion at least partially protrudes from the surface of the base portion facing the electrode assembly and abuts against the electrode assembly, and the elastic portion is configured to be able to be pressed by the electrode assembly time deformation.

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Abstract

本申请提供了一种电池单体及其制造方法和制造系统、电池以及用电设备。本申请实施例的电池单体包括：电极组件；壳体，用于容纳电极组件且具有开口；端盖，用于封闭壳体的开口；集流构件，用于电连接电极组件和端盖，集流构件包括基体部和连接于基体部的弹性部，基体部和弹性部位于端盖和电极组件之间，基体部用于连接端盖，弹性部至少部分突出于基体部的面向电极组件的表面并抵接于电极组件，弹性部被配置为能够在受到电极组件的挤压时变形。弹性部抵接于电极组件，无需通过焊接与电极组件连接，从而减少金属颗粒，降低短路风险。弹性部能够在受到电极组件的挤压时变形，并通过变形释放两者之间的压力，降低因压力过大而压伤电极组件的风险。

Description

电池单体及其制造方法和制造系统、电池以及用电设备 技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，并且更具体地，涉及一种电池单体及其制造方法和制造系统、电池以及用电设备。
背景技术
电池单体包括电极组件，电极组件通常经由集流构件与电极端子或端盖电连接，而集流构件一般通过焊接连接于电极组件；在焊接过程中会产生金属颗粒，金属颗粒残留在电池单体内部会引发短路风险。
发明内容
本申请提供了一种电池单体及其制造方法和制造系统、电池以及用电设备，其能降低短路风险。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供了一种电池单体，包括：电极组件；壳体，用于容纳电极组件且具有开口；端盖，用于封闭壳体的开口；集流构件，用于电连接电极组件和端盖，集流构件包括基体部和连接于基体部的弹性部，基体部和弹性部位于端盖和电极组件之间，基体部用于连接端盖，弹性部至少部分突出于基体部的面向电极组件的表面并抵接于电极组件，弹性部被配置为能够在受到电极组件的挤压时变形。
上述方案中，集流构件的弹性部抵接于电极组件，无需通过焊接的方式与电极组件连接，从而减少残留在电池单体内的金属颗粒，降低短路风险。弹性部抵接于电极组件且能够在受到电极组件的挤压时变形，并通过变形释放两者之间的压力，降低因压力过大而压伤电极组件的风险。弹性部在受压变形后产生弹性力，弹性部能够在弹性力的作用下与电极组件保持接触，减小电极组件和弹性部之间的接触电阻，提高过流能力。
在一些实施例中，弹性部包括折弯区和连接区，折弯区的一端连接于基体部并朝向电极组件折弯，连接区连接于折弯区的另一端并抵接于电极组件。
上述方案中，在弹性部抵接于电极组件且受到电极组件的挤压时，连接区和折弯区均可以通过变形释放电极组件和弹性部之间的压力，降低因压力过大而压伤电极组件的风险。连接区和折弯区在受压变形后产生弹性力，在弹性力的作用下，使连接区与电极组件保持接触，减小电极组件和弹性部之间的接触电阻，提高过流能力。
在一些实施例中，基体部包括第一通孔，折弯区的一端连接于第一通孔的孔壁。
在一些实施例中，在基体部的厚度方向上，连接区的投影位于第一通孔的投影 内。在受到电极组件的挤压时，连接区可以向第一通孔内移动，即第一通孔可以为连接区预留一定的变形空间，基体部不会阻挡连接区变形。
在一些实施例中，折弯区与基体部之间的夹角大于90度。
在一些实施例中，第一通孔的孔壁包括两个第一侧壁和两个第二侧壁，两个第一侧壁沿基体部的周向相对设置，两个第二侧壁沿基体部的径向相对设置。第一侧壁沿径向的尺寸大于第二侧壁沿周向的尺寸，折弯区从第一侧壁延伸；或者，第一侧壁沿径向的尺寸小于第二侧壁沿周向的尺寸，折弯区从第二侧壁延伸。折弯区与尺寸较大的侧壁相连，可以保证折弯区和基体部之间的连接强度和过流面积。
在一些实施例中，第一通孔设置为多个，各第一通孔的孔壁上均连接有弹性部。在满足电极组件和集流构件之间的接触面积的前提下，通过增加弹性部的数量，可以减小每个弹性部的强度，提高每个弹性部的弹性，使每个弹性部在受压时更易变形。
在一些实施例中，多个第一通孔中的至少部分沿基体部的周向间隔设置。对应地，多个弹性部中的至少部分沿周向间隔设置，这样可以使多个弹性部和极耳部的接触面均匀分布，使电流更均匀地向外传输。
在一些实施例中，基体部包括中心区、第一环形区和第一过渡区，第一环形区环绕在中心区的外侧并与中心区间隔设置，第一过渡区沿基体部的径向延伸并连接于中心区和第一环形区之间。第一过渡区为多个并沿着基体部的周向等间距设置，相邻的两个第一过渡区之间形成第一通孔。中心区的面向第一环形区的壁与折弯区相连接。
在一些实施例中，基体部还包括第二环形区和第二过渡区，第二环形区环绕在第一环形区的外侧并与第一环形区间隔设置，第二过渡区连接于第一环形区和第二环形区之间，且第二过渡区和第一过渡区沿基体部的径向对齐。第二过渡区为多个并沿着基体部的周向等间距设置，相邻的两个第二过渡区之间形成第一通孔。第一环形区的面向第二环形区的壁与折弯区相连接。
在一些实施例中，在基体部的径向上，第一环形区的宽度大于或等于连接区的宽度。这样可以保证第一环形区的强度，降低第一环形区容易变形、撕裂的风险。
在一些实施例中，集流构件包括多个第二通孔，弹性部包括多个折弯区，多个第二通孔和多个折弯区沿基体部的周向交替设置。连接区连接于多个折弯区。
上述方案中，通过开设多个第二通孔，可以降低各折弯区的强度，使各折弯区更易变形。在连接区抵接于电极组件且受到电极组件的挤压时，压力传递到多个折弯区上，折弯区在压力的作用下变形以释放连接区和电极组件之间的压力，降低因压力过大而压伤电极组件的风险。折弯区在受压变形后产生弹性力，在弹性力的作用下使连接区与电极组件保持接触，减小电极组件和连接区之间的接触电阻，提高过流能力。
在一些实施例中，折弯区的厚度小于基体部的厚度；和/或，连接区的厚度小于基体部的厚度。在满足刚度要求的前提下，适度的减薄折弯区和/或连接区，可以使弹性部在受到电极组件的挤压时更容易变形、与电极组件更好的嵌合。
在一些实施例中，连接区的面向电极组件的表面的粗糙度大于基体部的表面粗糙度。通过增加连接区的表面粗糙度，可以减小连接区与电极组件之间的接触电阻，提高过流能力。
在一些实施例中，电极组件具有面向端盖的第一表面和相对于第一表面凹陷的第一凹部，弹性部至少部分容纳于第一凹部内。
在一些实施例中，第一表面与基体部接触，以增大集流构件与电极组件的接触面积，提高过流能力。
在一些实施例中，端盖具有面向电极组件的第二表面和相对于第二表面凹陷的第二凹部，基体部至少部分容纳于第二凹部。通过设置第二凹部，可以减小端盖和集流构件整体占用的空间，提高电池单体的能量密度。在装配电池单体的过程中，可预先将端盖和集流构件装配在一起，然后再与电极组件装配。通过设置第二凹部，还可便于集流构件的定位，有助于简化端盖和集流构件的装配工艺。
在一些实施例中，基体部焊接于端盖；和/或，基体部与第二凹部过盈配合。
在一些实施例中，弹性部经由导电介质抵接于电极组件。通过设置导电性较好的导电介质，可以更好地输出稳定的电流。
在一些实施例中，电极组件包括主体部和从主体部延伸的极耳部，极耳部位于主体部和端盖之间。集流构件还包括第一延伸部，第一延伸部从基体部的边缘朝靠近主体部的方向延伸，且第一延伸部环绕在极耳部的外侧。第一延伸部和基体部形成第三凹部，极耳部的一部分伸入第三凹部，弹性部至少部分容纳于第三凹部内并抵接于极耳部。第一延伸部能够起到收拢极耳部的作用。
第二方面，本申请实施例还提供了一种电池，包括至少一个第一方面任一实施例的电池单体。
第三方面，本申请实施例还提供了一种用电设备，包括第二方面任一实施例的电池，电池用于提供电能。
第四方面，本申请实施例还提供了一种电池单体的制造方法，包括：提供端盖；提供集流构件，集流构件包括基体部和连接于基体部的弹性部；将基体部连接到端盖；提供电极组件；提供壳体，壳体具有开口；经由开口将电极组件放入壳体内；将与集流构件连接的端盖连接到壳体，以封闭壳体的开口、使集流构件电连接电极组件和端盖。其中，基体部和弹性部位于端盖和电极组件之间，弹性部至少部分突出于基体部的面向电极组件的表面并抵接于电极组件，弹性部被配置为能够在受到电极组件的挤压时变形。
第五方面，本申请实施例还提供了一种电池单体的制造系统，包括：第一提供装置，用于提供端盖；第二提供装置，用于提供集流构件，集流构件包括基体部和连接于基体部的弹性部；第一组装装置，用于将基体部连接到端盖；第三提供装置，用于提供电极组件；第四提供装置，用于提供壳体，壳体具有开口；第二组装装置，用于经由开口将电极组件放入壳体内；第三组装装置，用于将与集流构件连接的端盖连接到壳体，以封闭壳体的开口、使集流构件电连接电极组件和端盖。其中，基体部和弹性部位于端盖和电极组件之间，弹性部至少部分突出于基体部的面向电极组件的表面并抵接于电极组件，弹性部被配置为能够在受到电极组件的挤压时变形。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对本申请实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆的结构示意图；
图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池的爆炸示意图；
图3为图2所示的电池模块的结构示意图；
图4为图3所示的电池单体的结构示意图；
图5为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的爆炸示意图；
图6为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的剖视示意图；
图7为图6所示的电池单体在方框A处的放大示意图；
图8为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的集流构件的结构示意图；
图9为图8所示的集流构件的俯视示意图；
图10为图9所示的集流构件沿线B-B作出的剖视示意图
图11为本申请另一些实施例提供的电池单体的集流构件的结构示意图；
图12为本申请又一些实施例提供的电池单体的集流构件的结构示意图；
图13为图12所示的集流构件的俯视示意图；
图14为图13所示的集流构件沿线C-C作出的剖视示意图；
图15为本申请再一些实施例提供的电池单体的集流构件的结构示意图；
图16为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的制造方法的流程示意图；
图17为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的制造系统的示意性框图。
在附图中，附图并未按照实际的比例绘制。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
除非另有定义，本申请所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本申请中在申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。本申请的说明书和权利要求书或上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别不同对象，而不是用于描述特定顺序或主次关系。
在本申请中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性 可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“附接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
本申请中术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本申请中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请的实施例中，相同的附图标记表示相同的部件，并且为了简洁，在不同实施例中，省略对相同部件的详细说明。应理解，附图示出的本申请实施例中的各种部件的厚度、长宽等尺寸，以及集成装置的整体厚度、长宽等尺寸仅为示例性说明，而不应对本申请构成任何限定。
本申请中出现的“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)。
本申请中，电池单体可以包括锂离子二次电池单体、锂离子一次电池单体、锂硫电池单体、钠锂离子电池单体、钠离子电池单体或镁离子电池单体等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。电池单体可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等，本申请实施例对此也不限定。电池单体一般按封装的方式分成三种：柱形电池单体、方形电池单体和软包电池单体，本申请实施例对此也不限定。
本申请的实施例所提到的电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。例如，本申请中所提到的电池可以包括电池模块或电池包等。电池一般包括用于封装一个或多个电池单体的箱体。箱体可以避免液体或其他异物影响电池单体的充电或放电。
电池单体包括电极组件和电解液，电极组件由正极极片、负极极片和隔离膜组成。电池单体主要依靠金属离子在正极极片和负极极片之间移动来工作。正极极片包括正极集流体和正极活性物质层，正极活性物质层涂覆于正极集流体的表面，未涂敷正极活性物质层的正极集流体凸出于已涂覆正极活性物质层的正极集流体，未涂敷正极活性物质层的正极集流体作为正极极耳。以锂离子电池为例，正极集流体的材料可以为铝，正极活性物质可以为钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂、三元锂或锰酸锂等。负极极片包括负极集流体和负极活性物质层，负极活性物质层涂覆于负极集流体的表面，未涂敷负极活性物质层的负极集流体凸出于已涂覆负极活性物质层的负极集流体，未涂敷负极活性物质层的负极集流体作为负极极耳。负极集流体的材料可以为铜，负极活性物质可以为碳或硅等。为了保证通过大电流而不发生熔断，正极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起，负极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起。隔离膜的材质可以为PP(polypropylene，聚丙烯)或PE(polyethylene，聚乙烯)等。此外，电极组件可以是卷绕式结构，也可以是叠片式结构，本申请实施例并不限于此。
电池单体还包括外壳，外壳用于容纳电极组件和电解液。外壳包括壳体和连接 于壳体的端盖，壳体和端盖形成容纳腔，以容纳电极组件和电解液。在一般的电池单体中，电极组件一般通过集流构件电连接到端盖或设置于端盖上的电极端子，而集流构件一般通过焊接连接于电极组件。发明人发现，在焊接过程中会产生金属颗粒，金属颗粒残留在电池单体内部会引发短路风险。
鉴于此，本申请实施例提供一种技术方案，电池单体包括：电极组件；壳体，用于容纳电极组件且具有开口；端盖，用于封闭壳体的开口；集流构件，用于电连接电极组件和端盖，集流构件包括基体部和连接于基体部的弹性部，基体部和弹性部位于端盖和电极组件之间，基体部用于连接端盖，弹性部至少部分突出于基体部的面向电极组件的表面并抵接于电极组件，弹性部被配置为能够在受到电极组件的挤压时变形。这种结构的电池单体无需焊接电极组件和集流构件，从而减少残留在电池单体内的金属颗粒，降低安全风险。
本申请实施例描述的技术方案适用于电池以及使用电池的用电设备。
用电设备可以是车辆、手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、轮船、航天器、电动玩具和电动工具等等。车辆可以是燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等；航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等；电动玩具包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等；电动工具包括金属切削电动工具、研磨电动工具、装配电动工具和铁道用电动工具，例如，电钻、电动砂轮机、电动扳手、电动螺丝刀、电锤、冲击电钻、混凝土振动器和电刨等等。本申请实施例对上述用电设备不做特殊限制。
以下实施例为了方便说明，以用电设备为车辆为例进行说明。
图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆1的结构示意图。如图1所示，车辆1的内部设置有电池2，电池2可以设置在车辆1的底部或头部或尾部。电池2可以用于车辆1的供电，例如，电池2可以作为车辆1的操作电源。
车辆1还可以包括控制器3和马达4，控制器3用来控制电池2为马达4供电，例如，用于车辆1的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在本申请一些实施例中，电池2不仅仅可以作为车辆1的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1的驱动电源，代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气为车辆1提供驱动动力。
图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池2的爆炸示意图。如图2所示，电池2包括箱体5和电池单体(图2未示出)，电池单体容纳于箱体5内。
箱体5用于容纳电池单体，箱体5可以是多种结构。在一些实施例中，箱体5可以包括第一箱体部51和第二箱体部52，第一箱体部51与第二箱体部52相互盖合，第一箱体部51和第二箱体部52共同限定出用于容纳电池单体的容纳空间。第二箱体部52可以是一端开口的空心结构，第一箱体部51为板状结构，第一箱体部51盖合于第二箱体部52的开口侧，以形成具有容纳空间的箱体5；第一箱体部51和第二箱体部52也均可以是一侧开口的空心结构，第一箱体部51的开口侧盖合于第二箱体部52的开口侧，以形成具有容纳空间的箱体5。当然，第一箱体部51和第二箱体部52可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。
为提高第一箱体部51与第二箱体部52连接后的密封性，第一箱体部51与第二箱体部52之间也可以设置密封件，比如，密封胶、密封圈等。
假设第一箱体部51盖合于第二箱体部52的顶部，第一箱体部51亦可称之为上箱盖，第二箱体部52亦可称之为下箱体。
在电池2中，电池单体可以是一个，也可以是多个。若电池单体为多个，多个电池单体之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体中既有串联又有并联。多个电池单体之间可直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将多个电池单体构成的整体容纳于箱体5内；当然，也可以是多个电池单体先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块6，多个电池模块6再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体5内。
图3为图2所示的电池模块6的结构示意图。在一些实施例中，如图3所示，电池单体7为多个，多个电池单体7先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块6。多个电池模块6再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体5内。
电池模块6中的多个电池单体7之间可通过汇流部件实现电连接，以实现电池模块6中的多个电池单体7的并联或串联或混联。
图4为图3所示的电池单体7的结构示意图，图5为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体7的爆炸示意图。如图4和图5所示，本申请实施例提供的电池单体7包括外壳10和电极组件20，电极组件20容纳于外壳10内。
从电极组件20的外形来看，电极组件20包括主体部21和从主体部21延伸的极耳部22。在一些实施例中，极耳部22为两个且分别从主体部21的两端延伸出。其中，主体部21包括正极活性物质层、正极集流体的已涂覆正极活性物质层的部分、负极活性物质层、负极集流体的已涂覆负极活性物质层的部分以及隔离膜。两个极耳部22分别为正极极耳和负极极耳。在一些实施例中，电极组件20为卷绕式结构，对应地，各极耳部22卷绕为多层结构。
在一些实施例中，外壳10还可用于容纳电解质，例如电解液。外壳10可以是多种结构形式。
在一些实施例中，外壳10可以包括壳体11和端盖12，壳体11为具有开口的空心结构，端盖12盖合于壳体11的开口处并形成密封连接，以形成用于容纳电极组件20和电解质的密封空间。
壳体11可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。壳体11的形状可根据电极组件20的具体形状来确定。比如，若电极组件20为圆柱体结构，则可选用为圆柱体壳体；若电极组件20为长方体结构，则可选用长方体壳体。当然，端盖12也可以是多种结构，比如，端盖12为板状结构、一端开口的空心结构等。示例性的，在图4和图5中，壳体11为圆柱体结构，端盖12为板状结构，端盖12盖合于壳体11的开口处。
在一些实施例中，电池单体7还包括密封构件30，密封构件30将端盖12和壳体11隔开。密封构件30用于密封壳体11的开口，提高电池单体7的密封性能。密封构件30的材质可为PP、PE、PFA或者氟橡胶。在一些实施例中，密封构件30由绝缘材料制成，能够将端盖12和壳体11绝缘隔开。
在一些实施例中，外壳10包括壳体11和两个端盖12，壳体11为相对的两侧 开口的空心结构，每个端盖12对应盖合于壳体11的对应一个开口处并形成密封连接，以形成用于容纳电极组件20和电解质的密封空间。在一些实施例中，一个端盖12可直接连接于壳体11，例如焊接于壳体11，密封构件30将另一个端盖12与壳体11绝缘隔开。在一些实施例中，一个极耳部22位于主体部21和一个端盖12之间，另一个极耳部22位于主体部21和另一个端盖12之间。两个端盖12分别电连接于两个极耳部22，两个端盖12可以分别作为电池单体7的正负电极端子以输出电极组件20所产生的电能。
在另一些实施例中，外壳10包括壳体11和一个端盖12，壳体11为在一侧开口的空心结构，端盖12盖合于壳体11的开口处并形成密封连接。在一些实施例中，一个极耳部22位于主体部21和一个端盖12之间，另一个极耳部22位于主体部21和壳体11的底板之间。端盖12和壳体11分别电连接于两个极耳部22，端盖12和壳体11可以分别作为电池单体7的正负电极端子，以输出电极组件20所产生的电能。
在一些实施例中，至少一个端盖12设有电解质注入孔121，电解质注入孔121沿端盖12的厚度方向贯通端盖12。在电池单体7的注液工序中，电解质经由电解质注入孔121进入电池单体7内部。电池单体7还包括密封板40，连接于端盖12并覆盖电解质注入孔121，用于在注液工序完成后，密封电解质注入孔121。
在一些实施例中，电池单体7还包括集流构件50，用于电连接电极组件20和端盖12。集流构件50能够在电极组件20和端盖12之间传输电流。在一些实施例中，集流构件50为金属片，例如镍片。
在一些实施例中，电池单体7为圆柱形，集流构件50大体为圆盘状。
在一些实施例中，集流构件50抵接于电极组件20。装配电池单体7时，端盖12通过挤压集流构件50，使集流构件50抵压在电极组件20上，从而使集流构件50与端盖12和电极组件20保持接触，实现电极组件20和端盖12之间的电流传输。在本实施例中，集流构件50抵接于电极组件20，无需通过焊接的方式与电极组件20连接，从而减少残留在电池单体7内的金属颗粒，降低短路风险。
然而，发明人发现，集流构件与电极组件之间的压力不易控制。如果压力过大，那么集流构件容易压伤电极组件，特别是在电池单体震动时。如果压力过小，两者之间的接触电阻多大，导致过流能力不足。
基于申请人发现的上述问题，申请人对电池单体的结构进行改进，下面结合不同的实施例详细描述。
图6为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体7的剖视示意图。图7为图6所示的电池单体7在方框A处的放大示意图。
如图6和图7所示，在本申请实施例的电池单体7中，集流构件50包括基体部51和连接于基体部51的弹性部52，基体部51和弹性部52位于端盖12和电极组件20之间，基体部51用于连接端盖12，弹性部52至少部分突出于基体部51的面向电极组件20的表面并抵接于电极组件20，弹性部52被配置为能够在受到电极组件20的挤压时变形。
基体部51连接于端盖12。在一些示例中，基体部51可通过卡接、过盈配合、 焊接或其它方式连接于端盖12。
在一些实施例中，基体部51大体为平板状，基体部51在自身厚度方向上相对设置的两个表面为平面，且分别面向端盖12和电极组件20。
弹性部52至少部分突出于基体部51的面向电极组件20的表面。在装配过程时，将端盖12插入壳体11并朝向电极组件20推动端盖12，集流构件50随着端盖12朝向电极组件20移动。弹性部52先与电极组件20接触，然后逐渐挤压电极组件20。弹性部52在电极组件20所施加的反作用力下变形，以释放两者之间的压力。
在本申请的电池单体7中，弹性部52抵接于电极组件20且能够在受到电极组件20的挤压时变形，并通过变形释放两者之间的压力，降低因压力过大而压伤电极组件20的风险。弹性部52在受压变形后产生弹性力，弹性部52能够在弹性力的作用下与电极组件20保持接触，减小电极组件20和弹性部52之间的接触电阻，提高过流能力。
在一些实施例中，电极组件20具有面向端盖12的第一表面23和相对于第一表面23凹陷的第一凹部24，弹性部52至少部分容纳于第一凹部24内。弹性部52抵接于极耳部22，极耳部22远离主体部21的表面即为第一表面23。在卷绕式的电极组件20中，极耳部22包括卷绕成多圈的金属箔材(例如铝箔或铜箔)，而金属箔材较软，受力易变形，所以极耳部22在弹性部52的挤压下形成第一凹部24。
在一些实施例中，第一表面23与基体部51接触，以增大集流构件50与电极组件20的接触面积，提高过流能力。在另一些实施例中，在弹性部52与电极组件20的接触面积满足要求的情况下，第一表面23也可与基体部51间隔设置。
在一些实施例中，端盖12具有面向电极组件20的第二表面122和相对于第二表面122凹陷的第二凹部123，基体部51至少部分容纳于第二凹部123。其中，第二凹部123相对于第二表面122朝远离电极组件20的方向凹陷。在一些示例中，第二表面122为平面。
通过设置第二凹部123，可以减小端盖12和集流构件50整体占用的空间，提高电池单体7的能量密度。另外，在装配电池单体7的过程中，可预先将端盖12和集流构件50装配在一起，然后再与电极组件20装配。通过设置第二凹部123，还可便于集流构件50的定位，有助于简化端盖12和集流构件50的装配工艺。
在一些实施例中，集流构件50的基体部51连接于端盖12。基体部51和端盖12的连接方式可根据需求选择。
在一些示例中，基体部51与第二凹部123过盈配合，以使基体部51与端盖12卡接。这种装配方式不易产生金属颗粒。
在另一些示例中，基体部51焊接于端盖12；焊接时，激光可以作用在端盖12的背离基体部51的一侧，这样可以降低焊接产生的金属颗粒进入电池单体7内部的风险。
在又一些示例中，基体部51与第二凹部123过盈配合，且基体部51焊接于端盖12，这样可以提高基体部51与端盖12之间的过电流能力。另外，本申请既可以在装配端盖12和集流构件50时焊接端盖12和基体部51，也可以在端盖12与壳体11装 配完成后从外侧焊接端盖12和基体部51。
在再一些示例中，基体部51也可通过导电胶粘接于端盖12。
在一些实施例中，弹性部52经由导电介质抵接于电极组件20。通过设置导电性较好的导电介质，可以更好地输出稳定的电流。在一些示例中，导电介质可为导电胶、银或其它材料。
在一些实施例中，集流构件50还包括第一延伸部53，第一延伸部53从基体部51的边缘朝靠近主体部21的方向延伸。在一些实施例中，基体部51大体为圆形的平板，基体部51的边缘为圆形。第一延伸部53连接于基体部51的边缘并环绕基体部51设置，且第一延伸部53相对于基体部51折弯。
在一些实施例中，第一延伸部53环绕在极耳部22的外侧。第一延伸部53和基体部51形成第三凹部54，极耳部22的一部分伸入第三凹部54，弹性部52至少部分容纳于第三凹部54内并抵接于极耳部22。极耳部22包括卷绕成多圈的金属箔材，第一延伸部53能够起到收拢极耳部22的作用。
在一些实施例中，集流构件50还包括第二延伸部56，第二延伸部56连接于第一延伸部53的背离基体部51的一端。在一些实施例中，第二延伸部56为圆环状且大体平行于基体部51。在一些实施例中，第二延伸部56可以作为集流构件50和端盖12的连接区域。
在一些实施例中，壳体11具有向内凸出的凸部111，凸部111位于端盖12的面向主体部21的一侧，以支撑端盖12。在一些实施例中，可通过辊压壳体11形成凸部111，凸部111的外侧形成凹槽112。
图8为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体7的集流构件50的结构示意图；图9为图8所示的集流构件50的俯视示意图；图10为图9所示的集流构件50沿线B-B作出的剖视示意图。
请一并参照图7至图10，在一些实施例中，弹性部52包括折弯区521和连接区522，折弯区521的一端连接于基体部51并朝向电极组件20折弯，连接区522连接于折弯区521的另一端并抵接于电极组件20。折弯区521相对于基体部51以预设的角度弯折，以靠近电极组件20。在一些实施例中，折弯区521和连接区522均与电极组件20的极耳部22接触。
在一些实施例中，弹性部52在受压变形前，连接区522大体平行于基体部51，连接区522与折弯区521的夹角等于基体部51与折弯区521的夹角。在装配的过程中，连接区522可以以连接区522和折弯区521的连接处为轴相对于折弯区521转动，连接区522与折弯区521的夹角改变；同样地，折弯区521也可以以折弯区521和基体部51的连接处为轴相对于基体部51转动，基体部51与折弯区521的夹角改变。在电池单体7中，连接区522的远离折弯区521的一端比连接区522的靠近折弯区521的一端更靠近端盖12。
在本申请实施例的电池单体7中，在弹性部52抵接于电极组件20且受到电极组件20的挤压时，连接区522和折弯区521均可以通过变形释放电极组件20和弹性部52之间的压力，降低因压力过大而压伤电极组件20的风险。连接区522和折弯区521 在受压变形后产生弹性力，在弹性力的作用下，使连接区522与电极组件20保持接触，减小电极组件20和弹性部52之间的接触电阻，提高过流能力。
本申请可以通过减小弹性部52的刚度来提高弹性部52的弹性，使弹性部52更容易变形。例如，本申请可以通过改变弹性部52材料、减小弹性部52厚度或其它方式来减小弹性部52的刚度。
在一些示例中，折弯区521的厚度小于基体部51的厚度。在满足刚度要求的前提下，适度的减薄折弯区521，可以使折弯区521更容易相对于基体部51转动，在受到电极组件20的挤压时，弹性部52更容易变形、与极耳部22更好的嵌合。示例性地，折弯区521的厚度为0.2mm-0.4mm。
在另一些示例中，连接区522的厚度小于基体部51的厚度。在满足刚度要求的前提下，适度的减薄连接区522，可以使连接区522更容易相对于折弯区521转动，在受到电极组件20的挤压时，弹性部52更容易变形、与极耳部22更好的嵌合。示例性地，连接区522的厚度为0.2mm-0.4mm。
在又一些示例中，折弯区521的厚度小于基体部51的厚度，连接区522的厚度小于基体部51的厚度。示例性地，折弯区521的厚度等于连接区522的厚度。折弯区521的厚度为0.2mm-0.4mm，连接区522的厚度为0.2mm-0.4mm。
在一些实施例中，连接区522的面向电极组件20的表面的粗糙度大于基体部51的表面粗糙度。通过增加连接区522的表面粗糙度，可以进一步减小连接区522与极耳部22之间的接触电阻，提高过流能力。在一些实施例中，连接区522的面向电极组件20的表面的粗糙度与折弯区521的面向电极组件20的表面的粗糙度大体相同。在一些示例中，通过压花处理增加连接区522的表面粗糙度和折弯区521的表面粗糙度。
在一些实施例中，集流构件50为一体式结构。示例性地，集流构件50通过加工金属板一体形成。
在一些实施例中，基体部51包括第一通孔511，折弯区521的一端连接于第一通孔511的孔壁。第一通孔511的孔壁的一部分与折弯区521连成一体。在集流构件50的成型过程中，可以在冲切第一通孔511时形成折弯区521和连接区522。例如，集流构件50通过冲切金属板形成，金属板的原本位于第一通孔511内的一部分用于形成弹性部52。
在一些实施例中，在基体部51的厚度方向Z上，连接区522的投影位于第一通孔511的投影内。在受到电极组件20的挤压时，连接区522可以向第一通孔511内移动，即第一通孔511可以为连接区522预留一定的变形空间，基体部51不会阻挡连接区522变形。
在一些实施例中，在基体部51的厚度方向Z上，折弯区521的投影也位于第一通孔511的投影内。
在一些实施例中，在弹性部52受压变形前，折弯区521与基体部51之间的夹角α大于90度。这样，在折弯区521远离基体部51的一端受力时，夹角α趋向于增大，折弯区521远离基体部51的一端朝向第一通孔511内移动，第一通孔511可以为折弯区521预留一定的变形空间，折弯区521的可变形程度较大。如果折弯区521与基 体部51之间的夹角α小于90度，在折弯区521远离基体部51的一端受力时，夹角α趋向于减小，折弯区521远离基体部51的一端朝向基体部51的面向电极组件20的表面移动，基体部51会限制折弯区521的远离基体部51的一端的移动，折弯区521的变形程度较小。因此，在本实施例的电池单体7中，折弯区521与基体部51之间的夹角α大于90度。
在一些实施例中，第一通孔511的孔壁包括两个第一侧壁512和两个第二侧壁513，两个第一侧壁512沿基体部51的周向X相对设置，两个第二侧壁513沿基体部51的径向相对设置。在一些实施例中，基体部51为圆形的平板。
在一些实施例中，第一侧壁512的形状和第二侧壁513的形状可以采用不同的方式。在一些示例中，第一侧壁512可以为平壁，第二侧壁513为平壁，第一通孔511大体为梯形孔或矩形孔。在另一些示例中，第一侧壁512可以为平壁，第二侧壁513为弧形壁(例如圆弧形壁)，第一通孔511大体为扇形孔。在又一些示例中，第一侧壁512可以为弧形壁，第二侧壁513可以为平壁。在再一示例中，第一侧壁512和第二侧壁513均可为弧形壁。
在一些实施例中，第一侧壁512沿径向的尺寸小于第二侧壁513沿周向X的尺寸，折弯区521从第二侧壁513延伸。这样，折弯区521与尺寸较大的第二侧壁513相连，可以保证折弯区521和基体部51之间的连接强度和过流面积。
在一些实施例中，第一通孔511设置为多个，各第一通孔511的孔壁上均连接有弹性部52。弹性部52也设置为多个。在满足电极组件20和集流构件50之间的接触面积的前提下，通过增加弹性部52的数量，可以减小每个弹性部52的强度，提高每个弹性部52的弹性，使每个弹性部52在受压时更易变形。在一些实施例中，第一通孔511的数量与弹性部52的数量相同。
在一些实施例中，多个第一通孔511中的至少部分沿基体部51的周向X间隔设置。对应地，多个弹性部52中的至少部分沿周向X间隔设置，这样可以使多个弹性部52和极耳部22的接触面均匀分布，使电流更均匀地向外传输。
在一些实施例中，多个第一通孔511沿周向X间隔设置并形成第一通孔行，多个第一通孔行沿基体部51的径向间隔设置。在一些示例中，各第一通孔行中的多个第一通孔511的大小、形状相同。在一些示例中，在相邻的两个第一通孔行中，外侧的第一通孔行中的第一通孔511沿周向X的尺寸大于内侧的第一通孔行中的第一通孔511沿周向X的尺寸。极耳部22的金属箔材卷绕为多圈，多个第一通孔行可以使弹性部52接触更多圈数的金属箔材，使电流更均匀地向外传输。
在一些实施例中，基体部51包括中心区514、第一环形区515和第一过渡区516，第一环形区515环绕在中心区514的外侧并与中心区514间隔设置，第一过渡区516沿基体部51的径向延伸并连接于中心区514和第一环形区515之间。第一过渡区516为多个并沿着基体部51的周向X等间距设置，相邻的两个第一过渡区516之间形成第一通孔511。在一些示例中，第一通孔511为扇形孔，连接区522的形状为扇形平板，第一环形区515为圆环形平板。中心区514和第一环形区515之间的多个第一通孔511形成一个第一通孔行。
在一些实施例中，中心区514的面向第一环形区515的壁与折弯区521相连接。
在一些实施例中，基体部51还包括第二环形区517和第二过渡区518，第二环形区517环绕在第一环形区515的外侧并与第一环形区515间隔设置，第二过渡区518连接于第一环形区515和第二环形区517之间，且第二过渡区518和第一过渡区516沿基体部51的径向对齐。第二过渡区518为多个并沿着基体部51的周向X等间距设置，相邻的两个第二过渡区518之间形成第一通孔511。在一些示例中，第一通孔511为扇形孔，第二环形区517为圆环形平板。第一环形区515和第二环形区517之间的多个第一通孔511形成一个第一通孔行。
多个第二过渡区518和多个第一过渡区516一一对应设置。对应设置的一个第一过渡区516和一个第二过渡区518沿基体部51的径向对齐。
在一些实施例中，第一环形区515的面向第二环形区517的壁与折弯区521相连接。在一些实施例中，第一延伸部53环绕第二环形区517并连接于第二环形区517。
在一些实施例中，所有的第一通孔511在基体部51的径向上的尺寸相同；对应地，所有的连接区522在基体部51的径向上的尺寸相同。
在基体部51的半径一定的前提下，在基体部51的径向上，增大第一通孔511的宽度，就需要相应地减小中心区514的宽度、第一环形区515的宽度和第二环形区517的宽度。
在基体部51的径向上，与第一环形区515相连的连接区522的宽度越大，第一通孔511的宽度也就越大，第一环形区515的宽度相应地减小、第一环形区515的强度降低。在弹性部52受压变形时，压力经由弹性部52传递到第一环形区515，如果第一环形区515的宽度过小，那么第一环形区515容易变形、甚至撕裂。因此，在一些实施例中，在基体部51的径向上，第一环形区515的宽度大于或等于连接区522的宽度，以保证第一环形区515的强度。
在一些实施例中，基体部51设置有贯通的中心孔519，中心区514为环形且环绕中心孔519设置。电解质注入孔121与中心孔519上下对应设置。这样，在注液工序中，电解液可以穿过中心孔519并浸润电极组件20。在一些示例中，中心区514为圆环形平板。
在一些实施例中，在基体部51的径向上，中心区514的宽度大于或等于连接区522的宽度，以保证中心区514的强度。
在一些实施例中，也可以将集流构件50整体翻转，使基体部51抵接于电极组件20，第一延伸部53和弹性部52抵接于端盖12。由于基体部51是开设有多个第一通孔511的镂空结构，受到电极组件20的挤压时也可以变形，并通过变形释放两者之间的压力，降低因压力过大而压伤电极组件20的风险。
图11为本申请另一些实施例提供的电池单体的集流构件的结构示意图。如图11所示，在本实施例中，延伸部也可以省略。
图12为本申请又一些实施例提供的电池单体的集流构件50的结构示意图；图13为图12所示的集流构件50的俯视示意图；图14为图13所示的集流构件50沿线C-C作出的剖视示意图。
如图12至图14所示，在一些实施例中，第一通孔511的孔壁包括两个第一侧壁512和两个第二侧壁513，两个第一侧壁512沿基体部51的周向X相对设置，两个第二侧壁513沿基体部51的径向相对设置。第一侧壁512沿径向的尺寸大于第二侧壁513沿周向X的尺寸，折弯区521从第一侧壁512延伸。这样，折弯区521与尺寸较大的第一侧壁512相连，可以保证折弯区521和基体部51之间的连接强度和过流面积。
在一些实施例中，第一侧壁512和第二侧壁513均为平壁，第一通孔511大体为矩形孔。在一些实施例中，第一侧壁512和第二侧壁513可通过圆角过渡。
连接区522沿基体部51的径向的尺寸大于连接区522沿周向X的尺寸。极耳部22的金属箔材卷绕为多圈，而连接区522沿径向的尺寸较大，可以接触更多圈数的金属箔材，使电流更均匀地向外传输。
图15为本申请再一些实施例提供的电池单体的集流构件50的结构示意图。如图15所示，在一些实施例中，集流构件50包括多个第二通孔55，弹性部52包括多个折弯区521，多个第二通孔55和多个折弯区521沿基体部51的周向X交替设置。连接区522连接于多个折弯区521。在一些示例中，连接区522为一个。连接区522可为圆形平板。
本申请实施例通过开设多个第二通孔55，可以降低各折弯区521的强度，使各折弯区521更易变形。在连接区522抵接于电极组件且受到电极组件的挤压时，压力传递到多个折弯区521上，折弯区521在压力的作用下变形以释放连接区522和电极组件之间的压力，降低因压力过大而压伤电极组件的风险。折弯区521在受压变形后产生弹性力，在弹性力的作用下使连接区522与电极组件保持接触，减小电极组件和连接区522之间的接触电阻，提高过流能力。
在一些实施例中，弹性部52为通过冲压形成的凸包，弹性部52背离电极组件的一侧形成凹腔。
在一些实施例中，连接区522中部开设有第三通孔522a，电解质注入孔与第三通孔522a上下对应设置。这样，在注液工序中，电解液可以穿过第三通孔522a并浸润电极组件。
图16为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的制造方法的流程示意图。
如图16所示，本申请实施例的电池单体的制造方法包括：
S100、提供端盖；
S200、提供集流构件，集流构件包括基体部和连接于基体部的弹性部；
S300、将基体部连接到端盖；
S400、提供电极组件；
S500、提供壳体，壳体具有开口；
S600、经由开口将电极组件放入壳体内；
S700、将与集流构件连接的端盖连接到壳体，以封闭壳体的开口、使集流构件电连接电极组件和端盖。
其中，基体部和弹性部位于端盖和电极组件之间，弹性部至少部分突出于基体部的面向电极组件的表面并抵接于电极组件，弹性部被配置为能够在受到电极组件的 挤压时变形。
需要说明的是，通过上述电池单体的制造方法制造出的电池单体的相关结构，可参见上述各实施例提供的电池单体。
在基于上述的电池单体的制造方法组装电池单体时，不必按照上述步骤依次进行，也就是说，可以按照实施例中提及的顺序执行步骤，也可以不同于实施例中提及的顺序执行步骤，或者若干步骤同时执行。例如，步骤S100和步骤S200的执行不分先后，也可以同时进行；可以先执行步骤S400、S500、S600，再执行步骤S100、S200、S300。
图17为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体7的制造系统的示意性框图。
如图17所示，本申请实施例的电池单体的制造系统8包括：第一提供装置81，用于提供端盖；第二提供装置82，用于提供集流构件，集流构件包括基体部和连接于基体部的弹性部；第一组装装置83，用于将基体部连接到端盖；第三提供装置84，用于提供电极组件；第四提供装置85，用于提供壳体，壳体具有开口；第二组装装置86，用于经由开口将电极组件放入壳体内；第三组装装置87，用于将与集流构件连接的端盖连接到壳体，以封闭壳体的开口、使集流构件电连接电极组件和端盖。其中，基体部和弹性部位于端盖和电极组件之间，弹性部至少部分突出于基体部的面向电极组件的表面并抵接于电极组件，弹性部被配置为能够在受到电极组件的挤压时变形。
通过上述制造系统制造出的电池单体的相关结构，可参见上述各实施例提供的电池单体。
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
最后应说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换，但这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (24)

  1. 一种电池单体，包括：
    电极组件；
    壳体，用于容纳所述电极组件且具有开口；
    端盖，用于封闭所述壳体的开口；
    集流构件，用于电连接所述电极组件和所述端盖，所述集流构件包括基体部和连接于所述基体部的弹性部，所述基体部和所述弹性部位于所述端盖和所述电极组件之间，所述基体部用于连接所述端盖，所述弹性部至少部分突出于所述基体部的面向所述电极组件的表面并抵接于所述电极组件，所述弹性部被配置为能够在受到所述电极组件的挤压时变形。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池单体，其中，所述弹性部包括折弯区和连接区，所述折弯区的一端连接于所述基体部并朝向所述电极组件折弯，所述连接区连接于所述折弯区的另一端并抵接于所述电极组件。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池单体，其中，所述基体部包括第一通孔，所述折弯区的一端连接于所述第一通孔的孔壁。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电池单体，其中，在所述基体部的厚度方向上，所述连接区的投影位于所述第一通孔的投影内。
  5. 根据权利要求3或4所述的电池单体，其中，所述折弯区与所述基体部之间的夹角大于90度。
  6. 根据权利要求3-5中任一项所述的电池单体，其中，
    所述第一通孔的孔壁包括两个第一侧壁和两个第二侧壁，两个所述第一侧壁沿所述基体部的周向相对设置，两个所述第二侧壁沿所述基体部的径向相对设置；
    所述第一侧壁沿所述径向的尺寸大于所述第二侧壁沿所述周向的尺寸，所述折弯区从所述第一侧壁延伸；或者，所述第一侧壁沿所述径向的尺寸小于所述第二侧壁沿所述周向的尺寸，所述折弯区从所述第二侧壁延伸。
  7. 根据权利要求3-6中任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一通孔设置为多个，各所述第一通孔的孔壁上均连接有所述弹性部。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电池单体，其中，多个所述第一通孔中的至少部分沿所述基体部的周向间隔设置。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电池单体，其中，
    所述基体部包括中心区、第一环形区和第一过渡区，所述第一环形区环绕在所述中心区的外侧并与所述中心区间隔设置，所述第一过渡区沿所述基体部的径向延伸并连接于所述中心区和所述第一环形区之间；
    所述第一过渡区为多个并沿着所述基体部的周向等间距设置，相邻的两个所述第一过渡区之间形成所述第一通孔；
    所述中心区的面向所述第一环形区的壁与所述折弯区相连接。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的电池单体，其中，
    所述基体部还包括第二环形区和第二过渡区，所述第二环形区环绕在所述第一环形区的外侧并与所述第一环形区间隔设置，所述第二过渡区连接于所述第一环形区和所述第二环形区之间，且所述第二过渡区和所述第一过渡区沿所述基体部的径向对齐；
    所述第二过渡区为多个并沿着所述基体部的周向等间距设置，相邻的两个所述第二过渡区之间形成所述第一通孔；
    所述第一环形区的面向所述第二环形区的壁与所述折弯区相连接。
  11. 根据权利要求9或10所述的电池单体，其中，在所述基体部的径向上，所述第一环形区的宽度大于或等于所述连接区的宽度。
  12. 根据权利要求2所述的电池单体，其中，
    所述集流构件包括多个第二通孔，所述弹性部包括多个所述折弯区，多个所述第二通孔和多个所述折弯区沿所述基体部的周向交替设置；
    所述连接区连接于多个所述折弯区。
  13. 根据权利要求2-12中任一项所述的电池单体，其中，
    所述折弯区的厚度小于所述基体部的厚度；和/或
    所述连接区的厚度小于所述基体部的厚度。
  14. 根据权利要求2-13中任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述连接区的面向所述电极组件的表面的粗糙度大于所述基体部的表面粗糙度。
  15. 根据权利要求1-14中任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述电极组件具有面向所述端盖的第一表面和相对于所述第一表面凹陷的第一凹部，所述弹性部至少部分容纳于所述第一凹部内。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一表面与所述基体部接触。
  17. 根据权利要求1-16中任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述端盖具有面向所述电极组件的第二表面和相对于所述第二表面凹陷的第二凹部，所述基体部至少部分容纳于所述第二凹部。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的电池单体，其中，
    所述基体部焊接于所述端盖；和/或
    所述基体部与所述第二凹部过盈配合。
  19. 根据权利要求1-18中任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述弹性部经由导电介质抵接于所述电极组件。
  20. 根据权利要求1-19中任一项所述的电池单体，其中，
    所述电极组件包括主体部和从所述主体部延伸的极耳部，所述极耳部位于所述主体部和所述端盖之间；
    所述集流构件还包括第一延伸部，所述第一延伸部从所述基体部的边缘朝靠近所述主体部的方向延伸，且所述第一延伸部环绕在所述极耳部的外侧；
    所述第一延伸部和所述基体部形成第三凹部，所述极耳部的一部分伸入所述第三凹部，所述弹性部至少部分容纳于所述第三凹部内并抵接于所述极耳部。
  21. 一种电池，包括至少一个如权利要求1-20中任一项所述的电池单体。
  22. 一种用电设备，包括如权利要求21所述的电池，所述电池用于提供电能。
  23. 一种电池单体的制造方法，包括：
    提供端盖；
    提供集流构件，所述集流构件包括基体部和连接于所述基体部的弹性部；
    将所述基体部连接到所述端盖；
    提供电极组件；
    提供壳体，所述壳体具有开口；
    经由所述开口将所述电极组件放入所述壳体内；
    将与所述集流构件连接的所述端盖连接到所述壳体，以封闭所述壳体的开口、使所述集流构件电连接所述电极组件和所述端盖；
    其中，所述基体部和所述弹性部位于所述端盖和所述电极组件之间，所述弹性部至少部分突出于所述基体部的面向所述电极组件的表面并抵接于所述电极组件，所述弹性部被配置为能够在受到所述电极组件的挤压时变形。
  24. 一种电池单体的制造系统，包括：
    第一提供装置，用于提供端盖；
    第二提供装置，用于提供集流构件，所述集流构件包括基体部和连接于所述基体部的弹性部；
    第一组装装置，用于将所述基体部连接到所述端盖；
    第三提供装置，用于提供电极组件；
    第四提供装置，用于提供壳体，所述壳体具有开口；
    第二组装装置，用于经由所述开口将所述电极组件放入所述壳体内；
    第三组装装置，用于将与所述集流构件连接的所述端盖连接到所述壳体，以封闭所述壳体的开口、使所述集流构件电连接所述电极组件和所述端盖；
    其中，所述基体部和所述弹性部位于所述端盖和所述电极组件之间，所述弹性部至少部分突出于所述基体部的面向所述电极组件的表面并抵接于所述电极组件，所述弹性部被配置为能够在受到所述电极组件的挤压时变形。
PCT/CN2021/080386 2021-03-12 2021-03-12 电池单体及其制造方法和制造系统、电池以及用电设备 WO2022188132A1 (zh)

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