WO2024007115A1 - 电池单体、电池以及用电装置 - Google Patents

电池单体、电池以及用电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024007115A1
WO2024007115A1 PCT/CN2022/103653 CN2022103653W WO2024007115A1 WO 2024007115 A1 WO2024007115 A1 WO 2024007115A1 CN 2022103653 W CN2022103653 W CN 2022103653W WO 2024007115 A1 WO2024007115 A1 WO 2024007115A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
current collector
battery cell
tab
electrode
cell according
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/103653
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
柴志生
迟庆魁
曹丹
姜玲燕
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2022/103653 priority Critical patent/WO2024007115A1/zh
Priority to CN202280063833.5A priority patent/CN118044051A/zh
Publication of WO2024007115A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024007115A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H01M50/533—Electrode connections inside a battery casing characterised by the shape of the leads or tabs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/543—Terminals
    • H01M50/545—Terminals formed by the casing of the cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/543—Terminals
    • H01M50/547—Terminals characterised by the disposition of the terminals on the cells
    • H01M50/548—Terminals characterised by the disposition of the terminals on the cells on opposite sides of the cell
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery technology, and more specifically, to a battery cell, a battery and an electrical device.
  • Batteries are widely used in electronic devices, such as mobile phones, laptops, battery cars, electric cars, electric airplanes, electric ships, electric toy cars, electric toy ships, electric toy airplanes, electric tools, etc.
  • the battery cells may include cadmium-nickel battery cells, nickel-hydrogen battery cells, lithium-ion battery cells, secondary alkaline zinc-manganese battery cells, etc.
  • This application provides a battery cell, a battery and an electrical device, which can improve the safety performance of the battery cell.
  • embodiments of the present application provide a battery cell including a casing, an electrode assembly and at least one current collector; the casing is provided with an electrode lead-out structure; the electrode assembly is accommodated in the casing, and the electrode assembly includes a cylindrical electrode body and a tab led out from the electrode body; and at least one current collector for electrically connecting the electrode lead-out structure to the tab.
  • the battery cells provided in the embodiments of the present application can improve the overcurrent capability of the battery cells by arranging current collectors and arranging tabs to be electrically connected to the electrode lead-out structures through the current collectors, which is conducive to improving the safety performance of the battery cells. .
  • the electrode assembly includes two pole pieces with opposite polarity and a separator.
  • Each pole piece has an active material region and an inactive material region.
  • the two active material regions and the separator are rolled to form an electrode body.
  • the active material area is rolled to form tabs, and the tabs are in a compressed state. In this way, it is conducive to improving the density of the tabs, reducing the possibility of the laser passing through the tabs and scalding the separator, improving the structural integrity of the separator, and thereby improving the safety performance of the battery cells.
  • the total length of the pole piece along the winding direction is l
  • the maximum radial dimension of the electrode body is d0
  • the thickness of the current collector is ⁇
  • the pole tab is The minimum size of the protruding isolation piece before compression is a, a ⁇ 1150 ⁇ *d0/l.
  • the minimum size of the tab protruding from the isolator when it is in a compressed state is h, and the thickness of the current collector is ⁇ , h ⁇ 1.5* ⁇ .
  • the minimum distance between the current collecting member and the isolation member is h, 0.1mm ⁇ h ⁇ 1.5mm.
  • the risk of welding light, such as laser, passing through the tab and scalding the separator is reduced, and at the same time, the risk of battery cells caused by the excessive distance between the current collector and the separator can be reduced.
  • the size of the body along the thickness direction of the current collecting member is too large, which is beneficial to improving the energy density of the battery cell.
  • 0.3mm ⁇ h ⁇ 1mm In some embodiments, 0.3mm ⁇ h ⁇ 1mm. In this way, it is helpful to further reduce the risk of scalding the separator during the welding process of the current collector, and further help to increase the energy density of the battery cells.
  • the diameter of the electrode body is d0
  • the current collector is disk-shaped and has a diameter of d1, 1 ⁇ d0/d1 ⁇ 1.3. In this way, when the electrode assembly is inserted into the case, the risk of misalignment due to insufficient support of the pole pieces of the outer ring is reduced.
  • the size of the current collector is d1, and 18mm ⁇ d1 ⁇ 60mm. In this way, it is helpful to reasonably set the size of the battery cells as needed to ensure that the battery cells have sufficient energy density.
  • the two electrode lead-out structures include a first electrode lead-out structure and a second electrode lead-out structure
  • the two pole tabs include first tabs and second poles with opposite polarities respectively lead out from two ends of the electrode body. ears; at least one current collector includes a first current collector, and the first current collector is used to electrically connect the first electrode lead-out structure to the first tab; and/or at least one current collector includes a second current collector, The second current collector is used to electrically connect the second electrode lead-out structure and the second tab.
  • the first electrode lead-out structure is fixed to the housing, and the first electrode lead-out structure has a base, and the base is located in the housing and abuts against the first current collector.
  • the electrical connection between the first current collector and the first electrode lead-out structure is realized through the base, which is beneficial to improving the connection stability between the two.
  • the base is coaxially disposed with the first current collecting member. It is convenient to realize the welding connection between the base and the current collector. In addition, when inserting into the shell, it is helpful to ensure that the force exerted by the base on the first current collector is distributed as symmetrically as possible with respect to the winding center of the electrode assembly, thereby reducing the risk of misalignment between two adjacent turns of pole pieces.
  • the size of the first current collector is d2, and the size of the base is d3, 1 ⁇ d2/d3 ⁇ 1.7. While reducing the risk of increasing the weight of the battery cells due to the oversize of the base, it is beneficial to achieve lightweighting of the battery cells. It can also reduce the risk of the base being inserted into the case due to the small size of the base.
  • the risk of stress concentration on the first current collector leading to deformation of the first current collector reduces the risk of misalignment of two adjacent rings of pole pieces in the electrode assembly along the thickness direction, and at the same time reduces the protruding area of the negative electrode pole. There is a risk of misalignment along the thickness direction relative to the positive electrode piece.
  • 1.2 ⁇ d2/d3 ⁇ 1.5 It is conducive to further reducing the risk of increasing the weight of the battery cells due to the excessive size of the base. It is beneficial to realize the lightweight of the battery cells and at the same time further reducing the risk of the battery cells being inserted into the case due to the small size of the base.
  • the base generates stress concentration on the first current collector, causing the risk of deformation of the first current collector, thereby reducing the risk of dislocation of the two adjacent pole pieces of the electrode assembly along the thickness direction, and at the same time reducing the protrusion of the negative electrode pole. There is a risk of misalignment of the area in the thickness direction relative to the positive electrode piece.
  • the housing includes a housing and an end cover, the housing has an opening, the end cover is used to cover the opening, the second current collector is located between the end cover and the second tab, and the second tab passes through the second
  • the current collector is electrically connected to the casing, and the second electrode lead-out structure is a part of the casing. In this way, the electrical connection between the second electrode lead-out structure and the tab can also be achieved.
  • the end cap has an annular boss protruding toward the electrode body, the second current collector abuts against the annular boss, and the inner diameter of the annular boss is d4 along the radial direction of the electrode body.
  • the size of the flow parts is d5, d5/d4 ⁇ 1.15mm.
  • d5/d4 ⁇ 1.2mm It is further beneficial to improve the stability of the second current collecting part and reduce the risk of deformation and arching of the second current collecting part due to the downward pressure of the end cover. In this way, it is beneficial to reduce the risk of a gap between the second current collecting part and the end cover. , at the same time, it is helpful to reduce the risk of axial misalignment in the area of the electrode body near the outer ring due to pressure, and to reduce the risk of axial misalignment in the extended area of the negative electrode piece relative to the positive electrode piece.
  • the end cap is provided with a pressure relief mechanism, the pressure relief mechanism is spaced apart from the second current collector, the second current collector supports the electrode assembly, the thickness of the second current collector is ⁇ , and the second current collector has a thickness of ⁇ .
  • the Young's modulus is E, ⁇ *E ⁇ 27000MPa*mm. In this way, it is helpful to reduce the risk of deformation of the second current collector, thereby reducing the risk of damage to the pressure relief mechanism, which affects its bursting pressure. In this way, it is beneficial to improve the working safety of the battery cells.
  • ⁇ *E ⁇ 40000MPa*mm In some embodiments, ⁇ *E ⁇ 40000MPa*mm. In this way, it is helpful to further improve the bending resistance of the second current collector, reduce the risk of deformation of the second current collector, further reduce the risk of damage to the pressure relief mechanism and affect its burst pressure, and further improve the performance of the battery cells. safety.
  • embodiments of the present application provide a battery, including the battery cell as in any embodiment of the first aspect.
  • the battery provided according to the embodiments of the present application uses the battery cell provided in any of the above embodiments, and therefore has the same technical effect, which will not be described again here.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an electrical device, including a battery as in the embodiment of the second aspect, and the battery is used to provide electric energy.
  • the electrical device provided according to the embodiment of the present application uses the battery provided by the embodiment of the present application, and therefore has the same technical effect, which will not be described again here.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded schematic diagram of a battery provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery module in a battery provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 4 is an exploded schematic diagram of a battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of an electrode assembly in a battery cell provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 6 is a schematic front structural view of a battery cell provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram along A-A in Figure 6;
  • Figure 8 is a partial enlarged view of B in Figure 7;
  • Figure 9 is a partial enlarged view of position C in Figure 7.
  • Vehicle 1a, motor; 1b, controller;
  • Shell 311. Shell; 311a, opening; 311b, electrode outlet hole; 3111, bottom wall; 312, end cover; 3121, annular boss;
  • Electrode assembly 321. Electrode body; 322. Poles; 3221. First pole; 3222. Second pole; 323. Pole piece; 323a, extension area; 3231. First pole piece; 3232. Diode piece; 324, isolation piece;
  • Electrode lead-out structure 331. First electrode lead-out structure; 3311. Base; 332. Second electrode lead-out structure;
  • X thickness direction
  • Y winding direction
  • an embodiment means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the application.
  • the appearances of this phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense.
  • connection can be a fixed connection, It can also be detachably connected or integrally connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be internal communication between two components.
  • connection can be a fixed connection
  • connection can also be detachably connected or integrally connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be internal communication between two components.
  • connection can also be detachably connected or integrally connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be internal communication between two components.
  • “Plural” appearing in this application means two or more (including two).
  • battery cells may include lithium ion secondary battery cells, lithium ion primary battery cells, lithium sulfur battery cells, sodium lithium ion battery cells, sodium ion battery cells or magnesium ion battery cells, etc.
  • the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.
  • the battery cell may be in the shape of a cylinder, a flat body, a rectangular parallelepiped or other shapes, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.
  • Battery cells are generally divided into three types according to packaging methods: cylindrical battery cells, square battery cells and soft-pack battery cells, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.
  • the battery mentioned in the embodiments of this application refers to a single physical module including one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the battery mentioned in this application may include a battery module or a battery pack.
  • Batteries generally include a box for packaging one or more battery cells. The box can prevent liquid or other foreign matter from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells.
  • the battery cell includes an electrode assembly and an electrolyte.
  • the electrode assembly includes a positive electrode piece, a negative electrode piece and a separator. Battery cells mainly rely on the movement of metal ions between the positive and negative electrodes to work.
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer, and the positive electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive electrode current collector;
  • the positive electrode current collector includes a positive electrode current collecting part and a positive electrode convex part protruding from the positive electrode current collecting part, and the positive electrode current collecting part
  • the positive electrode convex part is coated with the positive electrode active material layer, and at least part of the positive electrode convex part is not coated with the positive electrode active material layer, and the positive electrode convex part serves as the positive electrode tab.
  • the material of the cathode current collector can be aluminum, and the cathode active material layer includes cathode active materials.
  • the cathode active material can be lithium cobalt oxide, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium or lithium manganate, etc.
  • the negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer, and the negative electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the negative electrode current collector; the negative electrode current collector includes a negative electrode current collecting part and a negative electrode convex part protruding from the negative electrode current collecting part, and the negative electrode current collecting part
  • the negative electrode active material layer is coated on the negative electrode active material layer, and at least part of the negative electrode protruding part is not coated with the negative electrode active material layer, and the negative electrode protruding part serves as the negative electrode tab.
  • the negative electrode current collector may be made of copper, and the negative electrode active material layer may include a negative electrode active material.
  • the negative electrode active material may be carbon or silicon.
  • the number of positive electrode tabs is multiple and stacked together, and the number of negative electrode tabs is multiple and stacked together.
  • the material of the isolator can be PP (polypropylene, polypropylene) or PE (polyethylene, polyethylene), etc.
  • the electrode assembly may have a rolled structure or a laminated structure, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto.
  • the inventor conducted systematic analysis and research on the structure and working process of battery cells. As a result, it was found that the tabs in the battery cells are directly connected to the electrode lead-out structure. Without connecting through the intermediate connector, the current generated in the pole piece is directly transferred to the electrode lead-out structure. In this way, the over-current capacity of the electrode lead-out structure is limited, which limits the further improvement of the over-current capacity of the electrode assembly. As the battery The increase in the number of cell cycles will cause certain damage to the structure of the electrode lead-out structure, which may easily lead to lower safety performance of the battery cells.
  • the inventor has improved the structure of the battery cell.
  • the technical solutions described in the embodiments of the present application are applicable to battery cells, batteries containing battery cells, and electrical devices using batteries.
  • the battery cell provided according to the embodiment of the present application includes a casing, an electrode assembly and at least one current collector.
  • the casing is provided with an electrode lead-out structure, and the electrode assembly is accommodated in the casing.
  • the electrode assembly includes a cylindrical electrode body and tabs lead out from the electrode body.
  • the current collector is used to electrically connect the electrode lead-out structure and the tabs.
  • the battery cell provided in the embodiment of the present application can effectively improve the overcurrent capacity of the battery cell by providing a current collector and electrically connecting the tab and the electrode lead-out structure through the current collector to increase the energy storage of the battery cell.
  • electrically connecting the tabs and the electrode lead-out structure through the current collector is conducive to improving the stability of the current flowing through the electrode lead-out structure, reducing damage to the electrode lead-out structure during the operation of the battery cell, and improving the working reliability of the electrode lead-out structure. properties, thereby improving the safety performance of the battery cells.
  • Electrical devices can be vehicles, cell phones, portable devices, laptops, ships, spacecraft, electric toys and power tools, etc.
  • Vehicles can be fuel vehicles, gas vehicles or new energy vehicles, and new energy vehicles can be pure electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles or extended-range vehicles, etc.
  • spacecraft include aircraft, rockets, space shuttles, spaceships, etc.
  • electric toys include fixed Type or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric ship toys and electric airplane toys, etc.
  • electric tools include metal cutting electric tools, grinding electric tools, assembly electric tools and railway electric tools, for example, Electric drills, electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators, planers and more.
  • Electric drills Electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators, planers and more.
  • the following embodiments take the electrical device as a vehicle as an example.
  • a battery 10 is provided inside the vehicle 1 .
  • the battery 10 may be disposed at the bottom, head or tail of the vehicle 1 .
  • the battery 10 may be used to power the vehicle 1 , for example, the battery 10 may serve as an operating power source for the vehicle 1 .
  • the vehicle 1 may also include a controller 1b and a motor 1a.
  • the controller 1b is used to control the battery 10 to supply power to the motor 1a, for example, for the starting, navigation and operating power requirements of the vehicle 1 when driving.
  • the battery 10 can not only be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1 , but also can be used as a driving power source for the vehicle 1 , replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1 .
  • the battery 10 includes battery cells (not shown in FIG. 2 ).
  • the battery 10 may also include a case for housing the battery cells.
  • the box is used to accommodate battery cells, and the box can be of various structural forms.
  • the case may include a first case part 11 and a second case part 12 .
  • the first box part 11 and the second box part 12 cover each other.
  • the first box part 11 and the second box part 12 jointly define an accommodation space for accommodating battery cells.
  • the second box part 12 may be a hollow structure with one end open, and the first box part 11 is a plate-like structure.
  • the first box part 11 is covered with the opening side of the second box part 12 to form a container with accommodating space.
  • Box The first box part 11 and the second box part 12 may also be hollow structures with one side open.
  • the open side of the first box part 11 is covered with the open side of the second box part 12 to form a box with an accommodation space.
  • the first box part 11 and the second box part 12 can be in various shapes, such as cylinder, rectangular parallelepiped, etc.
  • a sealing member such as sealant, sealing ring, etc., may be provided between the first box part 11 and the second box part 12 .
  • the first box part 11 can also be called an upper box cover, and the second box part 12 can also be called a lower box.
  • the battery 10 there may be one battery cell or a plurality of battery cells. If there are multiple battery cells, the multiple battery cells can be connected in series, parallel, or mixed. Hybrid connection means that multiple battery cells are connected in series and in parallel. Multiple battery cells can be directly connected in series, parallel, or mixed together, and then the whole composed of multiple battery cells can be accommodated in the box. Multiple battery cells can also be connected in series, parallel, or mixed to form a battery. Module 20. A plurality of battery modules 20 are connected in series, parallel, or mixed to form a whole, and are accommodated in the box.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the battery module 20 shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the battery module 20 has a plurality of battery cells 30 .
  • a plurality of battery cells 30 are first connected in series, parallel, or mixed to form the battery module 20 .
  • a plurality of battery modules 20 are connected in series, parallel, or mixed to form a whole, and are accommodated in the box.
  • the plurality of battery cells 30 in the battery module 20 can be electrically connected through bus components to realize parallel, series or mixed connection of the plurality of battery cells 30 in the battery module 20 .
  • Figure 4 is an exploded schematic diagram of the battery cell 30 shown in Figure 3.
  • Figure 5 shows a schematic cross-sectional structural view of the electrode assembly 32 in the battery cell 30 provided by the embodiment of the present application;
  • Figure 6 shows the present application.
  • Another embodiment provides a front view of the battery cell 30;
  • Figure 7 shows a cross-sectional view along A-A in Figure 6;
  • Figure 8 shows a partial enlarged view of B in Figure 7;
  • Figure 9 shows The enlarged view of part C in 7.
  • the battery cell 30 provided by the embodiment of the present application includes a casing 31 , an electrode assembly 32 and a current collector 34 .
  • the housing 31 is provided with an electrode lead-out structure 33 , and the electrode assembly 32 is accommodated in the housing 31 .
  • the electrode assembly 32 includes an electrode body 321 and tabs 322 led out from the electrode body 321 , and the current collector 34 is used to electrically connect the electrode lead-out structure 33 to the tabs 322 .
  • the electrode assembly 32 may include a first pole piece 3231, a second pole piece 3232, and a separator 324.
  • the separator 324 is used to separate the first pole piece 3231 from the second pole piece 3232.
  • the first pole piece 3231 and the second pole piece 3232 have opposite polarities. In other words, one of the first pole piece 3231 and the second pole piece 3232 is the positive pole piece, and one of the first pole piece 3231 and the second pole piece 3232 The other one is the negative pole piece.
  • the first pole piece 3231, the second pole piece 3232, and the separator 324 are all strip-shaped structures.
  • the first pole piece 3231, the second pole piece 3232, and the separator 324 are wound together to form a winding structure.
  • the coiled structure may be a cylindrical structure.
  • the electrode body 321 is cylindrical, and does not necessarily have to be an absolute cylindrical shape. It can be a cylindrical-like structure with a certain deviation from the cylindrical shape.
  • the electrode assembly 32 includes an electrode body 321 and a tab 322.
  • the tab 322 may include a first tab 3221 and a second tab 3222.
  • the first tab 3221 and the second tab 3222 protrude from the electrode body 321 .
  • the first tab 3221 is a portion of the first pole piece 3231 that is not coated with an active material layer
  • the second tab 3222 is a portion of the second pole piece 3232 that is not coated with an active material layer.
  • the first tab 3221 and the second tab 3222 are used to draw out the current in the electrode body 321 .
  • first tab 3221 and the second tab 3222 may extend from the same side of the electrode body 321, or may extend from opposite sides of the electrode body 321 respectively.
  • first tab 3221 and the second tab 3222 can be respectively provided on two opposite sides of the electrode body 321.
  • first tab 3221 and the second tab 3222 can be respectively provided on two opposite sides of the electrode assembly 32. end.
  • the first tab 3221 is wound around the central axis of the electrode assembly 32 in multiple turns, and the first tab 3221 includes multiple turns of the tab layer. After the winding is completed, the first tab 3221 is generally cylindrical, with a gap left between two adjacent turns of tab layers. In the embodiment of the present application, the first tab 3221 can be processed to reduce the gap between the tab layers to facilitate the connection between the first tab 3221 and other conductive structures.
  • the embodiment of the present application can perform a flattening process on the first tab 3221 so that the end areas of the first tab 3221 away from the electrode body 321 are gathered and brought together; One end of the electrode body 321 forms a dense end surface, which reduces the gap between the tab layers and facilitates the connection between the first tab 3221 and the current collector 34 .
  • conductive material can also be filled between two adjacent ring electrode layers to reduce the gap between the tab layers.
  • the second tab 3222 is wound around the central axis of the electrode assembly 32 in multiple turns, and the second tab 3222 includes multiple turns of the tab layer.
  • the second tab 3222 has also been flattened to reduce the gap between the tab layers of the second tab 3222.
  • the electrode lead-out structure 33 is used to electrically connect with other battery cells 30 through busbars to achieve series or parallel connection of different battery cells 30 .
  • the electrode lead-out structure 33 may be a part of the housing 31 , or may not be a part of the housing 31 , but may be an additional structure.
  • the electrode lead-out structure 33 may be a part of the housing 311 , through which the electrical connection with the tab 322 and the current collector 34 is achieved.
  • an electrode lead-out hole 311b can be provided at one end of the housing 311, and the electrode lead-out structure 33 can be electrically connected to the current collector 34 through the electrode lead-out hole 311b.
  • the battery cell 30 may include two electrode lead-out structures 33, one of which is a positive electrode lead-out structure and the other is a negative electrode lead-out structure.
  • the positive electrode lead-out structure is connected to the positive electrode tab through the current collector 34, and the negative electrode lead-out structure
  • the structure is connected to the negative electrode tab through a current collector 34 .
  • the electrode lead-out structure 33 may be processed and formed separately from the housing 31 and then installed on the housing 31 .
  • the electrode lead-out structure 33 may be provided as a part of the housing 31 .
  • one electrode lead-out hole 311b can be provided at two opposite ends of the housing 31, or two electrode lead-out holes 311b can be provided at the same end of the housing 31, and the two electrode lead-out structures 33 can be respectively provided at the two electrode lead-out holes.
  • an electrode lead-out structure 33 is provided to insulate the housing 31 from each other. In this embodiment, when the battery cell 30 is working, the casing 31 may not be charged.
  • an electrode lead-out hole 311b can be provided at one end of the housing 31, and an electrode lead-out structure 33 can be provided to be installed in the electrode lead-out hole 311b, and another electrode lead-out structure 33 can be provided as a part of the housing 31, and connected with the housing 31 through the housing 31.
  • the tabs 322 of the electrode assembly 32 are electrically connected.
  • the casing 31 when the battery cell 30 is working, the casing 31 can serve as the output electrode of the battery cell 30. Therefore, the casing 31 can be used to transmit electric energy.
  • the housing 31 may include a housing 311 and an end cover 312.
  • the housing 311 may be a hollow structure with an opening 311a on at least one side.
  • the end cover 312 covers the opening 311a of the housing 311 and forms a sealed connection to form a A sealed space used to accommodate the electrode assembly 32 and the electrolyte.
  • the housing 311 and the end cover 312 can be processed and formed separately, and then connected together by welding, riveting, bonding, etc.
  • the housing 311 may have an opening 311a at one end, and an end cover 312 may be provided to cover the opening 311a.
  • the end cover 312 and the bottom wall 3111 of the housing 311 opposite to the end cover 312 may be respectively Two electrode lead-out holes 311b are provided, and the two electrode lead-out structures 33 are respectively arranged in the electrode lead-out holes 311b.
  • an electrode lead-out hole 311b is provided in one of the end cover 312 and the bottom wall 3111 of the housing 311 opposite to the end cover 312, and the other is electrically connected to the current collector 34 to realize the connection between the housing 31 and the tab 322. electrical connection.
  • the end cover 312 can be provided to be electrically connected to the current collector 34, an electrode lead-out hole 311b can be provided on the bottom wall 3111, and a separate electrode lead-out structure 33 can be installed in the lead-out hole of the battery 10.
  • electrode lead-out holes 311b can also be provided on both the end cover 312 and the bottom wall 3111, and two electrode lead-out structures 33 can be installed in the two electrode lead-out holes 311b respectively.
  • the housing 311 may be provided with openings 311a at opposite ends, and two end caps 312 may be provided to cover the two openings 311a respectively.
  • One of the end caps 312 is provided with an electrode lead-out hole 311b, and the other end cap 312 is electrically connected to the tab 322 through the current collector 34.
  • both end caps 312 are provided with electrode lead-out holes 311b, and the two electrode lead-out structures 33 are respectively disposed in the two electrode lead-out holes 311b.
  • the bottom wall 3111 of the housing 311 opposite to the end cover 312 can be provided with an electrode lead-out hole 311b, wherein an electrode lead-out structure 33 is disposed in the electrode lead-out hole 311b and is insulated from the bottom wall 3111.
  • the electrode lead-out structure 33 The tab 322 at one end of the electrode assembly 32 is connected to the current collector 34 .
  • the end cap 312 is connected to the tab 322 at the other end of the electrode assembly 32 through the current collector 34, and the bottom wall 3111 is electrically connected to the end cap 312 through other parts of the housing 311.
  • the bottom wall 3111 can be set as The electrode lead-out structure 33 , or the end cover 312 is provided as the electrode lead-out structure 33 .
  • the electrode assembly 32 When assembling the battery cell 30, the electrode assembly 32 can be first placed into the case 311, and then the end cover 312 is closed with the opening 311a of the case 311, and then the electrolyte is injected through the electrolyte injection port on the end cover 312. into the housing 311.
  • the shape of the housing 311 can be determined according to the specific shape of the electrode assembly 32 .
  • a cylindrical housing 311 can be used; if the electrode assembly 32 has a rectangular parallelepiped structure, a rectangular parallelepiped housing 311 can be used.
  • both the electrode assembly 32 and the housing 311 are cylinders; correspondingly, the housing 311 is a cylinder, and the end cover 312 is a circular plate-like structure.
  • housing 31 may also be used to contain an electrolyte, such as an electrolyte solution.
  • the housing 31 can have various structural forms.
  • the housing 311 can be made of a variety of materials, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, etc., which are not particularly limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Electrodes assemblies 32 There may be one or more electrode assemblies 32 accommodated in the housing 311 .
  • one battery cell 30 may include one current collecting member 34 or may include two current collecting members 34.
  • the current collecting member 34 is connected to a pole.
  • the ear 322 and one electrode lead-out structure 33, and the other ear 322 and the other electrode lead-out structure 33 can be directly connected.
  • the battery cell 30 provided in the embodiment of the present application can improve the overcurrent capacity of the battery cell 30 by arranging the current collector 34 and arranging the tab 322 to be electrically connected to the electrode lead structure 33 through the current collector 34, thereby improving the battery life.
  • the safety performance of monomer 30 can improve the overcurrent capacity of the battery cell 30 by arranging the current collector 34 and arranging the tab 322 to be electrically connected to the electrode lead structure 33 through the current collector 34, thereby improving the battery life.
  • the safety performance of monomer 30 can improve the overcurrent capacity of the battery cell 30 by arranging the current collector 34 and arranging the tab 322 to be electrically connected to the electrode lead structure 33 through the current collector 34, thereby improving the battery life.
  • the safety performance of monomer 30 can improve the overcurrent capacity of the battery cell 30 by arranging the current collector 34 and arranging the tab 322 to be electrically connected to the electrode lead structure 33 through the current collector 34, thereby improving the battery life.
  • the safety performance of monomer 30 can improve the overcurrent capacity of the battery cell
  • the electrode assembly 32 includes two pole pieces 323 with opposite polarity and a separator 324.
  • Each pole piece 323 has an active material region and an inactive material region.
  • the two active material regions and the separator 324 are wound.
  • the electrode body 321 is formed, and the inactive material area is rolled to form the tab 322, which is in a compressed state.
  • the pole tab 322 includes multiple turns of pole tab layers, and two adjacent tab layers are spaced apart.
  • the tabs 322 need to be formed into a dense structure.
  • the tab layers can be compressed through a flattening process, and the tab layers arranged between them can be compressed. It is tighter and facilitates the welding process of the tab 322 and the current collector 34 .
  • the battery cell 30 can be subjected to an axial pressing process to further compress the tab layer and improve the density of the tabs 322 .
  • the pole piece 323 and the separator 324 are rolled to form a cylindrical shape, which is not necessarily an absolute cylindrical shape, and may be approximately cylindrical.
  • the density of the compressed tab 322 is improved to a certain extent, which facilitates the welding connection between the tab 322 and the current collector 34 or the welding connection between the tab 322 and the electrode lead-out structure 33 . That is, the connection reliability between the tab 322 and the current collector 34 or the tab 322 and the electrode lead-out structure 33 is improved. At the same time, the density of the compressed tab 322 is improved. Between the tab 322 and the current collector 34 or the tab 322 During the welding process with the electrode lead-out structure 33, the possibility of the laser passing through the tab 322 and scalding the separator 324 is reduced, the structural integrity of the separator 324 is improved, and the safety performance of the battery cell 30 is improved.
  • the inventor further studied and found that during the manufacturing process of the battery cell 30, the current collector 34 and the tab 322 are usually connected by welding. However, during the welding process of the current collector 34 and the tab 322, due to The pole tabs 322 are relatively close to the isolation member 344 along the thickness direction
  • the total length of the pole piece 323 along the winding direction Y is l
  • the maximum dimension of the electrode body 321 along the radial direction is d0
  • the thickness of the current collector 34 is ⁇
  • the thickness direction X of the current collector 34 is a
  • the minimum size of the tab 322 protruding from the isolation member 324 before being compressed is a, a ⁇ 1150 ⁇ *d0/l.
  • the total length of the pole piece 323 along the winding direction Y may be the length of the pole piece 323 before winding, or may be the length of the pole piece 323 after winding and then unrolling.
  • the diameter of the electrode body 321 may be the maximum dimension of the electrode body 321 passing through the winding center in a cross-section perpendicular to the axis of the electrode body 321.
  • the minimum size of the pole tab 322 that protrudes from the isolation member 324 before being compressed may be the minimum size that the pole tab 322 protrudes from the isolation member 324 after the pole piece 323 is rolled into a cylindrical shape and before being compressed. It can be understood that the size of the tab 322 protruding from the isolator 324 before compression can be obtained by flattening the compressed tab 322 and measuring the size of the flattened tab 322 protruding from the isolator 324. That is, the minimum size of the tab 322 protruding from the isolation member 324 before being compressed can be known.
  • the thickness direction X of the current collector 34 may be the axial direction of the electrode assembly 32 .
  • the thickness ⁇ of the current collector 34 is the average thickness of the current collector 34 along the axial direction of the electrode assembly 32 .
  • the minimum size a of the pole tab 322 protruding from the isolator 324 before being compressed is set to satisfy: a ⁇ 1150 ⁇ *d0/l, that is, the length l of the pole piece 323 along the winding direction Y, the thickness ⁇ of the current collector 34 and the electrode After the diameter d0 of the component 32 is determined, the minimum dimension a of the tab 322 protruding from the isolation member 324 before being compressed is set to be greater than a certain value.
  • only the minimum dimension a of the positive electrode tab protruding separator 324 can be set to satisfy the above relationship, or only the minimum size a of the negative electrode tab protruding separator 324 can be set to satisfy the above relationship, or the positive electrode tab and the negative electrode can be set The minimum dimension a of the lug protruding spacer 324 satisfies the above relationship.
  • the embodiments of the present application can reduce the risk of burns on the separator 324 of the battery cell 30 by setting a ⁇ 1150 ⁇ *d0/l. Thereby, the safety performance of the battery cell 30 is improved.
  • only the minimum size of the protruding separator 324 in the compressed state of the positive electrode tab may be set to satisfy the above relationship, or only the minimum size of the protruding separator 324 in the compressed state of the negative electrode tab may be set to satisfy the above relationship, or both at the same time
  • the minimum size of the protruding separator 324 in the compressed state of the positive electrode tab and the negative electrode tab is set to satisfy the above relationship.
  • the minimum value of the minimum size h of the tab 322 protruding from the isolation member 324 in the compressed state is 1.5* ⁇ .
  • the minimum size of the tab 322 protruding from the isolation member 324 in the compressed state may be the minimum distance between the current collector 34 and the isolation member 324. , therefore, the minimum size of the tab 322 protruding from the isolation member 324 in the compressed state satisfies the above relationship, that is, the minimum distance between the current collector 34 and the isolation member 324 satisfies the above relationship.
  • the minimum size h of the tab 322 protruding from the isolator 324 in the compressed state satisfies the above relationship.
  • Table 2 The influence of the minimum distance h of the tabs 322 protruding from the isolator 324 in the compressed state on the performance of the battery cell 30
  • the battery cell 30 provided in the embodiment of the present application can reduce the isolation of the battery cell 30 by setting h ⁇ 1.5* ⁇ . 324 is scalded, thereby improving the safety performance of the battery cell 30 .
  • the minimum distance between the current collector 34 and the separator 324 corresponding to the positive electrode tab can be set to satisfy the above relationship, or the minimum distance between the current collector 34 and the separator 324 connected to the negative electrode tab can be set to satisfy the above relationship, Alternatively, the minimum distance between the current collector 34 connected to the positive electrode tab and the current collector 34 connected to the negative electrode tab and the separator 324 satisfies the above relationship.
  • the minimum distance h between the current collector 34 and the isolation member 324 may be 0.1mm, 0.2mm, 0.4mm, 0.5mm, 0.6mm, 0.7mm, 0.8mm, 0.9mm, 1mm, 1.1mm, 1.2mm, 1.3mm, 1.4mm or 1.5mm, etc.
  • the distance between the current collecting piece 34 and the isolating piece 324 can be the distance that the tab 322 protrudes from the isolating piece 324. Therefore, the minimum distance h between the current collecting piece 34 and the isolating piece 324 is set to satisfy the above relationship, that is, set The distance by which the tab 322 protrudes from the isolation member 324 is within the above numerical range.
  • the minimum distance h between the current collecting part 34 and the isolating part 324 satisfies: 0.1mm ⁇ h ⁇ 1.5mm, which can ensure a certain distance between the current collecting part 34 and the isolating part 324 to weld the current collecting part 34 and the tab 322 During the process, the risk of welding light, such as laser, passing through the tab 322 and scalding the isolation member 324 is reduced.
  • an upper limit is set for the h value to reduce the problem of excessive distance between the current collector 34 and the separator 324. There is a risk that the size of the battery cell 30 along the thickness direction X of the current collector 34 is too large, which is beneficial to improving the energy density of the battery cell 30 .
  • h can be 0.3mm, 0.4mm, 0.5mm, 0.6mm, 0.7mm, 0.8mm, 0.9mm or 1mm, etc.
  • the diameter of the electrode body 321 is d0
  • the current collector 34 is disk-shaped and has a diameter d1, 1 ⁇ d0/d1 ⁇ 1.3.
  • d0/d1 can be 1, 1.1, 1.15, 1.2, 1.25 or 1.3, etc.
  • the diameter of the electrode body 321 may be a direction that passes through the geometric center of the electrode body 321 and is perpendicular to the axial direction of the electrode body 321 .
  • the diameter d0 of the electrode body 321 and the diameter of the current collector 34 are set to d1 to satisfy the above relationship, that is, the diameter of the electrode body 321 is set to be greater than or equal to the diameter of the current collector 34.
  • Such an arrangement can reduce the problem of excessive diameter of the current collector 34. It is large, and there is a risk of metal particles being generated by scratches with the shell 31 during the shell insertion process.
  • a lower limit value is set for the diameter of the current collector 34, so as to reduce the end portion of the electrode assembly 32 and the current collector 34 that is caused by the too small diameter of the current collector 34. In areas such as the outer ring of the pole pieces 323 of the electrode assembly 32, there is no effective support, and when the electrode assembly 32 is inserted into the housing, there is a risk of misalignment of the two adjacent rings of the pole pieces 323.
  • the negative electrode piece is usually set to be wound along the Both ends in the direction Y extend out of the positive electrode piece and are set at a certain distance. That is, along the circumferential direction of the electrode assembly 32, as shown in FIG. 5, the negative electrode piece has a certain protruding area 323a relative to the positive electrode piece.
  • the diameter of the current collecting member 34 By setting the diameter of the current collecting member 34 to have a lower limit, it is also beneficial to ensure that the current collecting member 34 provides effective support for the protruding area 323a, and reduces the relative friction between the protruding area 323a of the negative electrode piece when the electrode assembly 32 is inserted into the case. Relative movement in other areas may cause damage to the protruding area 323a of the negative electrode piece and other undesirable risks.
  • d0/d1 can be 1.05, 1.06, 1.08, 1.09 or 1.1, etc.
  • Setting 1.05 ⁇ d0/d1 ⁇ 1.1 is conducive to further reducing the risk of metal particles being generated by the shell 31 being scratched during the insertion of the current collector 34 into the shell.
  • the risk of damage or other defects caused to the protruding area 323a of the negative electrode piece during the process of inserting the electrode assembly 32 into the case can be further reduced.
  • the size of the current collector 34 is d1, 18mm ⁇ d1 ⁇ 60mm.
  • the radial direction of the electrode body 321 has multiple directions, and can be arranged along any radial direction of the electrode body 321.
  • the size d1 of the current collector 34 satisfies the above relationship.
  • d1 can be 18mm, 20mm, 25mm, 30mm, 35mm, 40mm, 44mm, 45mm, 50mm, 55mm or 60mm, etc.
  • the two electrode lead-out structures 33 include a first electrode lead-out structure 331 and a second electrode lead-out structure 332, and the two pole tabs 322 include first poles with opposite polarities respectively lead out from both ends of the electrode body 321.
  • One of the first electrode lead-out structure 331 and the second electrode lead-out structure 332 is electrically connected to the first tab 3221, and the other is electrically connected to the second tab 3222.
  • At least one current collector 34 includes a first current collector 341 , which is used to electrically connect the first electrode lead-out structure 331 and the first tab 3221 .
  • At least one current collector 34 includes a second current collector 342, which is used to electrically connect the second electrode lead-out structure 332 and the second tab 3222.
  • the first electrode lead-out structure 331 is fixed to the housing 31 .
  • the first electrode lead-out structure 331 has a base 3311 .
  • the base 3311 is located in the housing 31 and abuts against the first current collector 341 .
  • the first electrode lead-out structure 331 is a structure separately provided on the housing 31.
  • the electrode lead-out hole 311b can be provided on the housing 31, and the base 3311 of the first electrode lead-out structure 331 can be At least part of the electrode lead-out hole 311b is extended into the electrode lead-out hole 311b, and the first electrode lead-out structure 331 and the housing 31 are arranged to be insulated from each other.
  • the first electrode lead-out structure 331 can be fixed on the housing 31 by riveting, snapping or bonding.
  • the base 3311 of the first electrode lead-out structure 331 abuts the first current collector 341, then the base 3311 and the first current collector 341 can be fixedly connected together by welding or other means, or the base 3311 and the first current collector 341 can be fixedly connected together.
  • the current collectors 341 are detachably contact-connected together to achieve electrical connection between the first current collector 341 and the first electrode lead-out structure 331 .
  • the second electrode lead-out structure 332 can be set to have the same structure as the first electrode lead-out structure 331 and be electrically connected to the second tab 3222 through the second current collector 342. At this time, the battery cell 30 is working. During the process, the housing 31 may not be charged.
  • the second electrode lead-out structure 332 may also be provided to be different from the first electrode lead-out structure 331.
  • the second electrode lead-out structure 332 may be provided as a part of the housing 311.
  • the first electrode lead-out structure 331 is fixed on the housing 31 , and the first electrode lead-out structure 331 has a base 3311 located in the housing 31 and against the first current collector 341 .
  • the contact makes the first current collector 341 and the first electrode lead-out structure 331 electrically connected through the base 3311, which is beneficial to improving the connection stability between the two.
  • the first current collecting part 341 and the base 3311 may be arranged coaxially, or the first current collecting part 341 and the base 3311 may be arranged non-axially, which can be selected according to needs.
  • the base 3311 is coaxially disposed with the first current collector 341 .
  • arranging the base 3311 and the first current collector 341 coaxially facilitates the welding connection between the base 3311 and the current collector 34 .
  • the size of the first current collector 341 is d2, and the size of the base 3311 is d3, 1 ⁇ d2/d3 ⁇ 1.7.
  • d2/d3 can be 1, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6 or 1.7, etc.
  • the base 3311 can be in the shape of a circular plate or a square plate.
  • d1 is the diameter of the first current collecting member 341 and d3 is the diameter of the base 3311.
  • the size d1 of the first current collector 341 is different along different directions, and the size d1 of the base 3311 is different.
  • the dimensions of d3 are also different. Therefore, the size d1 of the first current collecting member 341 and the size d3 of the base 3311 may be the size of the first current collecting member 341 and the base 3311 along any same direction.
  • setting 1 ⁇ d1/d3 ⁇ 1.7 means that the size of the first current collecting member 341 is set to be larger than the size of the base 3311.
  • the size of the base 3311 is set. has a lower limit. In this way, while reducing the risk of increasing the weight of the battery cell 30 due to the excessive size of the base 3311, it is beneficial to achieve lightweighting of the battery cell 30. At the same time, the size of the base 3311 can also be reduced.
  • the base 3311 may cause stress concentration on the first current collecting member 341 during the process of being inserted into the case, causing the risk of deformation of the first current collecting member 341, thereby reducing the thickness of the two adjacent pole pieces 323 of the electrode assembly 32.
  • d2/d3 can be 1.2, 1.25, 1.3, 1.35, 1.4, 1.45 or 1.5, etc.
  • Such an arrangement is helpful to further reduce the risk of increasing the weight of the battery cell 30 due to the oversize of the base 3311, thereby helping to achieve lightweighting of the battery cell 30 and at the same time further reducing the risk of the base 3311 being too small.
  • the base 3311 generates stress concentration on the first current collecting member 341, causing the risk of deformation of the first current collecting member 341, thereby reducing the risk of the two adjacent rings of pole pieces 323 of the electrode assembly 32 along the thickness direction X
  • the risk of misalignment occurs, and at the same time, the risk of misalignment along the thickness direction X in the protruding area 323a of the negative electrode piece relative to the positive electrode piece can be reduced.
  • the housing 31 includes a housing 311 and an end cover 312.
  • the housing 311 has an opening 311a.
  • the end cover 312 is used to cover the opening 311a.
  • the second current collector 342 is located at the end cover 312 and the second tab 3222. In between, the second tab 3222 is electrically connected to the housing 311 through the second current collector 342, and the second electrode lead-out structure 332 is a part of the housing 311.
  • the electrical connection with the second tab 3222 can be achieved through the end cover 312, and the second electrode lead-out structure 332 can be a part of the end cover 312, that is, the end covers 312 of different battery cells 30 are connected through a busbar, so as to To realize the electrical connection of different battery cells 30; alternatively, the second electrode lead-out structure 332 can be set as a part of the bottom wall 3111 of the housing 31 opposite to the end cover 312, that is, the busbar connects the bottom wall 3111 of different battery cells 30, so as to The electrical connection of different battery cells 30 is realized.
  • the second electrode lead-out structure 332 may be provided to be connected to the negative electrode tab, or the second electrode lead-out structure 332 may be provided to be connected to the positive electrode tab.
  • the second electrode lead-out structure 332 can be connected to the negative electrode tab.
  • the casing 311 is in a low potential state, and the casing 311 at a low potential is not easily affected by the electrolyte, etc. corrosion.
  • the end cap 312 may be flat as a whole, and a part of the end cap 312 may be electrically connected to the second current collector 342 , or the end cap 312 may have a protruding structure to realize the connection between the end cap 312 and the second current collector 342 . Electrical connection of current collector 342.
  • the end cap 312 has an annular boss 3121 protruding toward the electrode body 321 , and the second current collector 342 abuts against the annular boss 3121 .
  • the annular boss 3121 The inner diameter is d4, the size of the second current collector 342 is d5, and d5/d4 ⁇ 1.15mm.
  • d5/d4 can be 1.15, 1.2, or 1.25, etc.
  • the size of the second current collector 342 along the radial direction of the electrode body 321 has a lower limit.
  • the stability of the end cover 312 reduces the risk of deformation and arching of the second current collecting member 342 due to the downward pressure of the end cover 312. In this way, it is beneficial to reduce the risk of a gap between the second current collecting member 342 and the end cover 312, and at the same time it is beneficial to reduce the risk of the second current collecting member 342 being deformed and arched.
  • the area of the electrode body 321 close to the outer ring has the risk of axial misalignment due to pressure, and it is beneficial to reduce the risk of axial misalignment of the protruding area 323a of the negative electrode piece relative to the positive electrode piece.
  • d5/d4 can be 1.2, 1.21, 1.22, 1.25 or 1.3, etc.
  • Such an arrangement can further improve the stability of the second current collector 342 when the electrode assembly 32 is inserted into the shell, reduce the risk of deformation and arching of the second current collector 342 due to the downward pressure of the end cover 312, and help reduce the risk of second current collector 342 being deformed and arched.
  • the risk of a gap between the current collector 342 and the end cap 312 is also beneficial to reducing the risk of axial misalignment in the area of the electrode body 321 near the outer ring due to pressure, and is beneficial to reducing the protruding area 323a of the negative electrode piece. Risk of axial misalignment relative to the positive electrode piece.
  • the end cap 312 is provided with a pressure relief mechanism 35.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 35 is spaced apart from the second current collector 342.
  • the second current collector 342 supports the electrode assembly 32.
  • the thickness of the second current collector 342 is ⁇
  • the Young's modulus of the second current collecting member 342 is E, ⁇ *E ⁇ 27000MPa*mm.
  • the second current collector 342 needs to support the electrode assembly 32, in order to reduce the risk of damaging the pressure relief mechanism 35 due to deformation of the second current collector 342, thereby causing a decrease in the burst pressure of the pressure relief mechanism 35, a second current collector needs to be provided. 342 has a certain resistance to bending. Therefore, setting ⁇ *E ⁇ 27000MPa*mm will help reduce the risk of deformation of the second current collector 342, thereby reducing the risk of damage to the pressure relief mechanism 35 and affecting its normal operation. In this way, It is beneficial to improve the safety performance of the battery cell 30 .
  • ⁇ *E ⁇ 40000MPa*mm In some embodiments, ⁇ *E ⁇ 40000MPa*mm.
  • Such arrangement is helpful to further improve the bending resistance of the second current collecting part 342, reduce the risk of deformation of the second current collecting part 342, and further reduce the risk of damage to the pressure relief mechanism 35 affecting its normal operation. In this way, it is possible to further Improve the safety performance of the battery cell 30.
  • the battery 10 provided according to the embodiment of the present application includes the battery cell 30 provided in any of the above embodiments.
  • the battery 10 provided in the embodiment of the present application uses the battery cell 30 provided in any of the above embodiments, and therefore has the same technical effect, which will not be described again here.
  • the electrical device provided according to the embodiment of the present application includes the battery 10 provided in the above embodiment, and the battery 10 is used to provide electric energy.
  • the electrical device provided in the embodiment of the present application uses the battery 10 provided in the above embodiment, and therefore has the same technical effect, which will not be described again here.

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Abstract

本申请提供一种电池单体、电池以及用电装置，电池单体包括外壳、电极组件和至少一个集流件；外壳设有电极引出结构；电极组件容纳于外壳内，电极组件包括圆柱状的电极主体和从电极主体引出的极耳；以及至少一个集流件，用于将电极引出结构与极耳电连接。本申请提供的电池单体，可以改善电池单体的过流能力，进而提高电池单体的安全性能。

Description

电池单体、电池以及用电装置 技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，并且更具体地，涉及一种电池单体、电池以及用电装置。
背景技术
电池广泛用于电子设备，例如手机、笔记本电脑、电瓶车、电动汽车、电动飞机、电动轮船、电动玩具汽车、电动玩具轮船、电动玩具飞机和电动工具等等。电池单体可以包括镉镍电池单体、氢镍电池单体、锂离子电池单体和二次碱性锌锰电池单体等。
在电池单体技术的发展中，除了提高电池单体的使用性能外，如何提高电池单体的安全性能也是一个不可忽视的问题。提高电池单体的安全性能对于节约能源有着重大的影响。因此，如何提高电池单体的安全性能，是电池单体技术中一个持续改进的技术问题。
发明内容
本申请提供了一种电池单体、电池以及用电装置，能够提高电池单体的安全性能。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供一种电池单体包括外壳、电极组件和至少一个集流件；外壳，设有电极引出结构；电极组件，容纳于外壳内，电极组件包括圆柱状的电极主体和从电极主体引出的极耳；以及至少一个集流件，用于将电极引出结构与极耳电连接。
本申请实施例提供的电池单体，通过设置集流件，并设置极耳通过集流件与电极引出结构电连接，可以改善电池单体的过流能力，有利于提高电池单体的安全性能。
在一些实施例中，电极组件包括极性相反的两个极片和隔离件，每个极片具有活性物质区和非活性物质区，两个活性物质区和隔离件卷绕形成电极主体，非活性物质区卷绕形成极耳极耳处于压缩状态。如此，有利于提高极耳的致密性，降低激光穿过极耳烫伤隔离件的可能性，提高隔离件的结构完整性，进而提高电池单体的安全性能。
在一些实施例中，极片沿卷绕方向的总长度为l，电极主体的沿径向的最大尺寸为d0，集流件的厚度为σ，沿集流件的厚度方向，极耳在被压缩前凸出隔离件的最小尺寸为a，a≥1150σ*d0/l。如此设置，有利于保证极耳在压缩后凸出隔离件的距离满 足一定的范围，并保证极耳压缩后的致密性。如此，在对极耳进行焊接的过程中，降低由于极耳与隔离件的距离过小，造成焊接光如激光透过极耳烫伤隔离件的风险，同时降低由于极耳的致密性较低而造成极耳在工作过程中发生形变而损坏的风险，可以进一步提高电池单体的安全性能。
在一些实施例中，沿集流件的厚度方向，极耳处于压缩状态下凸出隔离件的最小尺寸为h，集流件的厚度为σ，h≥1.5*σ。如此，在对极耳进行焊接的过程中，有利于降低由于极耳距离隔离件的距离过小，造成焊接过程中产生的热量，如激光透过极耳烫伤隔离件的风险，如此有利于提高电池单体的安全性能。
在一些实施例中，沿集流件的厚度方向，集流件与隔离件的最小间距为h，0.1mm≤h≤1.5mm。如此，在对集流件和极耳进行焊接的过程中，降低焊接光，如激光穿过极耳烫伤隔离件的风险，同时可以降低因集流件与隔离件的间距过大而造成电池单体沿集流件的厚度方向的尺寸过大的风险，如此有利于提高电池单体的能量密度。
在一些实施例中，0.3mm≤h≤1mm。如此，有利于进一步降低集流件焊接的过程中烫伤隔离件的风险，并进一步有利于电池单体的能量密度的提升。
在一些实施例中，电极主体的直径为d0，集流件为圆盘状且直径为d1，1≤d0/d1≤1.3。如此，在电极组件入壳时，降低外圈的极片得不到有效的支撑而产生错位的风险。
在一些实施例中，1.05≤d0/d1≤1.1。如此，进一步，降低极片错位的风险。
在一些实施例中，沿电极主体的径向，集流件的尺寸为d1，18mm≤d1≤60mm。如此，有利于根据需要合理设置电池单体的尺寸，以保证电池单体具有足够的能量密度。
在一些实施例中，两个电极引出结构包括第一电极引出结构和第二电极引出结构，两个极耳包括分别从电极主体的两端引出的极性相反的第一极耳和第二极耳；至少一个集流件包括第一集流件，第一集流件用于将第一电极引出结构与第一极耳电连接；和/或至少一个集流件包括第二集流件，第二集流件用于将第二电极引出结构与第二极耳电连接。
在一些实施例中，第一电极引出结构固定于外壳，第一电极引出结构具有底座，底座位于外壳内且与第一集流件相抵接。通过底座实现第一集流件与第一电极引出结构的电连接，有利于提高二者的连接稳定性。
在一些实施例中，底座与第一集流件同轴设置。便于实现底座与集流件的焊接连接。另外，在入壳时，有利于保证底座对第一集流件的作用力相对于电极组件的卷绕中心尽可能的对称分布，降低相邻两圈极片产生错位的风险。
在一些实施例中，沿电极主体的径向，第一集流件的尺寸为d2，底座的尺寸为d3，1≤d2/d3≤1.7。在降低因底座的尺寸过大而增大电池单体的重量的风险、以有利于实现电池单体的轻量化的同时，还可以降低因底座的尺寸过小而在入壳的过程中，底座对第一集流件产生应力集中而导致第一集流件变形的风险，进而降低电极组件的相邻两圈的极片沿厚度方向发生错位的风险，同时可以降低负极极片的伸出区相对于正极极片产生沿厚度方向的错位的风险。
在一些实施例中，1.2≤d2/d3≤1.5。有利于进一步降低因底座的尺寸过大而增大电池单体的重量的风险、以有利于实现电池单体的轻量化的同时，进一步降低因底座的尺寸过小而在入壳的过程中，底座对第一集流件产生应力集中而导致第一集流件变形的风险，进而降低电极组件的相邻两圈的极片沿厚度方向发生错位的风险，同时可以降低负极极片的伸出区相对于正极极片产生沿厚度方向的错位的风险。
在一些实施例中，外壳包括壳体和端盖，壳体具有开口，端盖用于盖合开口，第二集流件位于端盖和第二极耳之间，第二极耳通过第二集流件与壳体电连接，第二电极引出结构为壳体的一部分。如此，也可以实现第二电极引出结构与极耳的电连接。
在一些实施例中，端盖具有朝向电极主体凸出设置的环形凸台，第二集流件抵接于环形凸台，沿电极主体的径向，环形凸台的内径为d4，第二集流件的尺寸为d5，d5/d4≥1.15mm。在电极组件入壳时，有利于的提高第二集流件的稳定性，降低因端盖下压造成第二集流件变形拱起的风险，如此，有利于降低第二集流件和端盖之间存在间隙的风险，同时有利于降低电极主体靠外圈的区域发生由于受压而产生轴向错位的风险、以及有利于降低负极极片的伸出区相对于正极极片产生轴向错位的风险。
在一些实施例中，d5/d4≥1.2mm。进一步有利于提高第二集流件的稳定性，降低因端盖下压造成第二集流件变形拱起的风险，如此，有利于降低第二集流件和端盖之间存在间隙的风险，同时有利于降低电极主体靠外圈的区域发生由于受压而产生轴向错位的风险、以及有利于降低负极极片的伸出区相对于正极极片产生轴向错位的风险。
在一些实施例中，端盖设有泄压机构，泄压机构与第二集流件间隔设置，第二集流件支撑电极组件，第二集流件的厚度为σ，第二集流件的杨氏模量为E，σ*E≥27000MPa*mm。如此，有利于降低第二集流件产生变形的风险，进而降低泄压机构损伤而影响其爆破压力的风险，如此，有利于提高电池单体的工作安全性。
在一些实施例中，σ*E≥40000MPa*mm。如此，有利于进一步提高第二集流件的抗弯曲能力，降低第二集流件产生变形的风险，以进一步降低泄压机构损伤而影响其爆破压力的风险，以进一步提高电池单体的工作安全性。
第二方面，本申请实施例提供了一种电池，包括如第一方面任一实施例的电池单体。
根据本申请实施例提供的电池，由于采用上述任一实施例提供的电池单体，因而具有同样的技术效果，在此不再赘述。
第三方面，本申请实施例提供了一种用电装置，包括如第二方面实施例的电池，电池用于提供电能。
根据本申请实施例提供的用电装置，由于采用了本申请实施例提供的电池，因而具有同样的技术效果，在此不再赘述。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对本申请实施例中所需要 使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请一实施例提供的车辆的结构示意图；
图2为本申请一实施例提供的电池的爆炸示意图；
图3为本申请实施例提供的电池中电池模块的结构示意图；
图4为本申请一些实施例提供的一种电池单体的爆炸示意图；
图5为本申请实施例提供的电池单体中电极组件的剖视结构示意图；
图6为本申请实施例提供的电池单体的主视结构示意图；
图7为图6沿A-A的剖视结构示意图；
图8为图7中B处的局部放大图；
图9为图7中C处的局部放大图。
在附图中，附图未必按照实际的比例绘制。
附图标记说明：
1、车辆；1a、马达；1b、控制器；
10、电池；11、第一箱体部；12、第二箱体部；
20、电池模块；
30、电池单体；
31、外壳；311、壳体；311a、开口；311b、电极引出孔；3111、底壁；312、端盖；3121、环形凸台；
32、电极组件；321、电极主体；322、极耳；3221、第一极耳；3222、第二极耳；323、极片；323a、伸出区；3231、第一极片；3232、第二极片；324、隔离件；
33、电极引出结构；331、第一电极引出结构；3311、底座；332、第二电极引出结构；
34、集流件；341、第一集流件；342、第二集流件；35、泄压机构；
X、厚度方向；Y、卷绕方向。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
除非另有定义，本申请所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本申请中在申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不 排他的包含。本申请的说明书和权利要求书或上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别不同对象，而不是用于描述特定顺序或主次关系。
在本申请中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“附接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
本申请中术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，C和/或D，可以表示：单独存在C，同时存在C和D，单独存在D这三种情况。另外，本申请中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请的实施例中，相同的附图标记表示相同的部件，并且为了简洁，在不同实施例中，省略对相同部件的详细说明。应理解，附图示出的本申请实施例中的各种部件的厚度、长宽等尺寸，以及集成装置的整体厚度、长宽等尺寸仅为示例性说明，而不应对本申请构成任何限定。
本申请中出现的“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)。
本申请中，电池单体可以包括锂离子二次电池单体、锂离子一次电池单体、锂硫电池单体、钠锂离子电池单体、钠离子电池单体或镁离子电池单体等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。电池单体可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等，本申请实施例对此也不限定。电池单体一般按封装的方式分成三种：柱形电池单体、方形电池单体和软包电池单体，本申请实施例对此也不限定。
本申请的实施例所提到的电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。例如，本申请中所提到的电池可以包括电池模块或电池包等。电池一般包括用于封装一个或多个电池单体的箱体。箱体可以避免液体或其他异物影响电池单体的充电或放电。
电池单体包括电极组件和电解液，电极组件包括正极极片、负极极片和隔离件。电池单体主要依靠金属离子在正极极片和负极极片之间移动来工作。正极极片包括正极集流体和正极活性物质层，正极活性物质层涂覆于正极集流体的表面；正极集流体包括正极集流部和凸出于正极集流部的正极凸部，正极集流部涂覆有正极活性物质层，正极凸部的至少部分未涂覆正极活性物质层，正极凸部作为正极极耳。以锂离子电池为例，正极集流体的材料可以为铝，正极活性物质层包括正极活性物质，正极活性物质可以为钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂、三元锂或锰酸锂等。负极极片包括负极集流体和负极活性物质层，负极活性物质层涂覆于负极集流体的表面；负极集流体包括负极集流部和凸出于负极集流部的负极凸部，负极集流部涂覆有负极活性物质层，负极凸部的至少部分未涂覆负极活性物质层，负极凸部作为负极极耳。负极集流体的材料可以为铜，负极活性物质层包括负极活性物质，负极活性物质可以为碳或硅等。为了保证通过大 电流而不发生熔断，正极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起，负极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起。隔离件的材质可以为PP(polypropylene，聚丙烯)或PE(polyethylene，聚乙烯)等。此外，电极组件可以是卷绕式结构，也可以是叠片式结构，本申请实施例并不限于此。
发明人发现电池单体的安全性能较低的问题后，便对电池单体的结构和工作过程进行了系统的分析和研究，结果发现，电池单体中的极耳直接与电极引出结构连接，而没有通过中间连接件连接，极片中产生的电流直接传递到电极引出结构中去，如此，电极引出结构的过流能力有限，限制了电极组件的过流能力的进一步提升，且随着电池单体循环次数的增加，会对电极引出结构的结构造成一定的损坏，易造成电池单体的安全性能较低的问题。
基于发明人发现的上述问题，发明人对电池单体的结构进行了改进，本申请实施例描述的技术方案适用于电池单体、包含电池单体的电池以及使用电池的用电装置。
根据本申请实施例提供的电池单体包括外壳、电极组件和至少一个集流件。外壳设有电极引出结构，电极组件容纳于外壳内，电极组件包括圆柱状的电极主体和从电极主体引出的极耳，集流件用于将电极引出结构与极耳电连接。
本申请实施例提供的电池单体，通过设置集流件，并通过集流件电连接极耳和电极引出结构，可以有效地提高电池单体的过流能力，以提高电池单体的储能量。同时，通过集流件电连接极耳和电极引出结构，有利于提高流经电极引出结构的电流稳定性，降低电池单体工作过程中对电极引出结构的损伤，以提高电极引出结构的工作可靠性，进而提高电池单体的安全性能。
用电装置可以是车辆、手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、轮船、航天器、电动玩具和电动工具等等。车辆可以是燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等；航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等；电动玩具包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等；电动工具包括金属切削电动工具、研磨电动工具、装配电动工具和铁道用电动工具，例如，电钻、电动砂轮机、电动扳手、电动螺丝刀、电锤、冲击电钻、混凝土振动器和电刨等等。本申请实施例对上述用电装置不做特殊限制。
以下实施例为了方便说明，以用电装置为车辆为例进行说明。
如图1所示，车辆1的内部设置有电池10。电池10可以设置在车辆1的底部或头部或尾部。电池10可以用于车辆1的供电，例如，电池10可以作为车辆1的操作电源。
车辆1还可以包括控制器1b和马达1a。控制器1b用来控制电池10为马达1a供电，例如，用于车辆1的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在本申请一些实施例中，电池10不仅仅可以作为车辆1的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1的驱动电源，代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气为车辆1提供驱动动力。
参见图2所示，电池10包括电池单体(图2未示出)。电池10还可以包括用于容纳电池单体的箱体。
箱体用于容纳电池单体，箱体可以是多种结构形式。在一些实施例中，箱体可以包括第一箱体部部11和第二箱体部12。第一箱体部11与第二箱体部12相互盖合。第一箱体部11和第二箱体部12共同限定出用于容纳电池单体的容纳空间。第二箱体部12可以是一端开口的空心结构，第一箱体部11为板状结构，第一箱体部11盖合于第二箱体部12的开口侧，以形成具有容纳空间的箱体；第一箱体部11和第二箱体部12也可以均为一侧开口的空心结构。第一箱体部11的开口侧盖合于第二箱体部12的开口侧，以形成具有容纳空间的箱体。当然，第一箱体部11和第二箱体部12可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。
为提高第一箱体部11和第二箱体部12连接后的密封性，第一箱体部11和第二箱体部12之间还可以设置密封件，比如，密封胶、密封圈等。
假设第一箱体部11盖合于第二箱体部12，第一箱体部11亦可称之为上箱盖，第二箱体部12亦可称之为下箱体。
在电池10中，电池单体可以是一个，也可以是多个。若电池单体为多个，多个电池单体之间可串联或并联或混联。混联是指多个电池单体中既有串联又有并联。多个电池单体之间可直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将多个电池单体构成的整体容纳于箱体内，也可以是多个电池单体先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块20。多个电池模块20再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体内。
在一些实施例中，如图3所示，图3为图2所示的电池模块20的结构示意图。在电池模块20中，电池单体30为多个。多个电池单体30先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块20。多个电池模块20再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体内。
在一些实施例，电池模块20中的多个电池单体30之间可通过汇流部件实现电连接，以实现电池模块20中的多个电池单体30的并联或串联或混联。
图4为图3所示的电池单体30的爆炸示意图，如图5示出了本申请实施例提供的电池单体30中电极组件32的剖视结构示意图；如图6示出了本申请另一实施例提供的电池单体30的主视图；如图7示出了图6沿A-A的剖视图；如图8示出了图7中B处的局部放大图；如图9示出了图7中C处的局部放大图。
如图4所示，本申请实施例提供的电池单体30包括外壳31、电极组件32和集流件34。外壳31设有电极引出结构33，电极组件32容纳于外壳31内。电极组件32包括电极主体321和从电极主体321引出的极耳322，集流件34用于将电极引出结构33与极耳322电连接。
如图5所示，可选地，电极组件32可以包括第一极片3231、第二极片3232和隔离件324，隔离件324用于将第一极片3231和第二极片3232隔开。第一极片3231和第二极片3232的极性相反，换言之，第一极片3231和第二极片3232中的一者为正极极片，第一极片3231和第二极片3232中的另一者为负极极片。
第一极片3231、第二极片3232和隔离件324均为带状结构，第一极片3231、第二极片3232和隔离件324卷绕为一体并形成卷绕结构。卷绕结构可以是圆柱状结构。
可以理解的是，电极主体321呈圆柱状，不一定是绝对的圆柱状，可以是与圆柱状有一定的偏差的类似于圆柱状的结构。
如图4至图6所示，可选地，从电极组件32的外形看，电极组件32包括电极主体321和极耳322，极耳322可以包括第一极耳3221和第二极耳3222，第一极耳3221和第二极耳3222凸出于电极主体321。第一极耳3221为第一极片3231的未涂覆活性物质层的部分，第二极耳3222为第二极片3232的未涂覆活性物质层的部分。第一极耳3221和第二极耳3222用于将电极主体321中的电流引出。
可选地，第一极耳3221和第二极耳3222可以从电极主体321的同一侧伸出，也可以分别从电极主体321相反的两侧延伸出。
可选地，第一极耳3221和第二极耳3222可以分别设于电极主体321相对设置的两侧，换言之，第一极耳3221和第二极耳3222分别设于电极组件32相对的两端。
可选地，第一极耳3221环绕电极组件32的中心轴卷绕为多圈，第一极耳3221包括多圈极耳层。在卷绕完成后，第一极耳3221大体为柱体状，相邻的两圈极耳层之间留有缝隙。本申请实施例可以对第一极耳3221进行处理，以减小极耳层间的缝隙，便于第一极耳3221与其它导电结构连接。例如，本申请实施例可对第一极耳3221进行揉平处理，以使第一极耳3221的远离电极主体321的端部区域收拢、集合在一起；揉平处理在第一极耳3221远离电极主体321的一端形成致密的端面，减小极耳层间的缝隙，便于第一极耳3221与集流件34连接。可替代地，本申请实施例也可以在相邻的两圈极层之间填充导电材料，以减小极耳层间的缝隙。
可选地，第二极耳3222环绕电极组件32的中心轴卷绕为多圈，第二极耳3222包括多圈极耳层。示例性地，第二极耳3222也经过了揉平处理，以减小第二极耳3222的极耳层间的缝隙。
可以理解的是，电极引出结构33用于通过汇流件与其它电池单体30的电连接，以实现不同电池单体30的串联或者并联。
如图7至图9所示，可选地，电极引出结构33可以是外壳31的一部分，也可以不是外壳31的一部分，而是另外设置的结构。示例性地，电极引出结构33可以是壳体311的一部分，通过壳体311实现与极耳322和集流件34的电连接。或者，可以在壳体311的一端设置电极引出孔311b，将电极引出结构33穿过电极引出孔311b而与集流件34电连接。
可选地，电池单体30可以包括两个电极引出结构33，其中的一者为正极引出结构，另一者为负极引出结构，正极引出结构通过集流件34与正极极耳连接，负极引出结构通过集流件34与负极极耳连接。
可选地，电极引出结构33可以是与外壳31分别加工成型后，再安装在外壳31上。或者，可以设置电极引出结构33为外壳31的一部分。
可选地，可以在外壳31相对的两端各自设置一个电极引出孔311b，或者在外壳31的同一端设置两个电极引出孔311b，并将两个电极引出结构33分别设置于两个电极引出孔311b中，并设置电极引出结构33与外壳31相互绝缘。本实施例中，电池单体30在工作的过程中，外壳31可以不带电。
可选地，可以在外壳31的一端设置一个电极引出孔311b，并设置一个电极引出结构33安装于电极引出孔311b，而设置另一个电极引出结构33为外壳31的一部分， 并通过外壳31与电极组件32的极耳322电连接。则该实施例中，电池单体30在工作的过程中，外壳31可以作为电池单体30的输出电极，因此，外壳31可以用于传输电能。
可选地，外壳31可以包括壳体311和端盖312，壳体311可以为至少一侧开口311a的空心结构，端盖312盖合于壳体311的开口311a处并形成密封连接，以形成用于容纳电极组件32和电解液的密封空间。
可选地，壳体311和端盖312可以分别加工成型后，再通过焊接、铆接、粘接等方式连接在一起。
可选地，壳体311可以为一端具有开口311a，并设置一个端盖312盖合于开口311a处，此时，可以在端盖312和壳体311与端盖312相对的底壁3111上分别设置两个电极引出孔311b，并将两个电极引出结构33分别设置于电极引出孔311b。或者，在端盖312和壳体311与端盖312相对的底壁3111中的一者设置电极引出孔311b，而通过另一者与集流件34电连接，以实现外壳31与极耳322的电连接。示例性地，可以设置端盖312与集流件34电连接，并在底壁3111上设置电极引出孔311b，设置单独的电极引出结构33安装于电池10引出孔。当然，也可以在端盖312和底壁3111上均设置有电极引出孔311b，并将连个电极引出结构33分别安装于两个电极引出孔311b中。
可选地，也可以设置壳体311的相对两端均具有开口311a，并设置两个端盖312分别盖合于两个开口311a。并设置其中的一个端盖312具有电极引出孔311b，另一个端盖312通过集流件34与极耳322电连接。或者，设置两个端盖312均具有电极引出孔311b，并将两个电极引出结构33分别设置于两个电极引出孔311b中。
示例性地，可以设置壳体311与端盖312相对的底壁3111具有电极引出孔311b，其中一个电极引出结构33设置于电极引出孔311b内，并与底壁3111绝缘设置，电极引出结构33与电极组件32一端的极耳322通过集流件34连接。而设置端盖312与电极组件32另一端的极耳322通过集流件34连接，并设置底壁3111通过壳体311的其它部分与端盖312电连接，此时，可以设置底壁3111为电极引出结构33，或者设置端盖312为电极引出结构33。
在组装电池单体30时，可先将电极组件32放入壳体311内，再将端盖312盖合于壳体311的开口311a，然后经由端盖312上的电解液注入口将电解液注入壳体311内。
壳体311的形状可以根据电极组件32的具体形状来确定。比如，若电极组件32为圆柱体结构，则可选用为圆柱体壳体311；若电极组件32为长方体结构，则可选用长方体壳体311。可选地，电极组件32和壳体311均为圆柱体；对应地，壳体311为圆筒，端盖312为圆形板状结构。
在一些实施例中，外壳31还可用于容纳电解质，例如电解液。外壳31可以是多种结构形式。
壳体311的材质可以是多种，比如，铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金等，本申请实施例对此不作特殊限制。
容纳于壳体311内的电极组件32可以是一个或多个。在图4中，容纳于壳体 311内的电极组件32为一个。
可选地，一个电池单体30可以包括一个集流件34，也可以包括两个集流件34，在电池单体30包括一个集流件34的实施例中，集流件34连接一个极耳322和一个电极引出结构33，另一个极耳322和另一个电极引出结构33可以直接连接。
本申请实施例提供的电池单体30，通过设置集流件34，并设置极耳322通过集流件34与电极引出结构33电连接，可以改善电池单体30的过流能力，进而提高电池单体30的安全性能。
在一些实施例中，电极组件32包括极性相反的两个极片323和隔离件324，每个极片323具有活性物质区和非活性物质区，两个活性物质区和隔离件324卷绕形成电极主体321，非活性物质区卷绕形成极耳322，极耳322处于压缩状态。
具体地，极片323和隔离件324卷绕形成后，极耳322包括多圈极耳层，相邻两个极耳层间隔设置。为了实现极耳322与集流件34电连接，需要将极耳322形成致密的结构，为此，可以通过揉平的工艺，将极耳层进行压缩，并使得极耳层之间排布的更加紧密，便于实现极耳322与集流件34的焊接工艺。而在极耳322焊接完成后，可以对电池单体30进行沿轴向的墩压工艺，以进一步压缩极耳层，提高极耳322的致密性。
可选地，极片323和隔离件324卷绕形成圆柱状，并不一定是绝对的圆柱形，可以为近似呈圆柱状。
需要说明的是，极耳322无论是处于何种状态，示例性地，极耳322在开始压缩前的状态，比如极耳322完全展平的状态，或者极耳322在压缩过程中的状态，或者是极耳322压缩完成后的状态，或者是极耳322压缩后再展平的状态，属于本申请描述中的电池单体30的不同状态，因而都在本申请的电池单体30的保护范围内。
经过压缩后的极耳322，其致密性得到一定程度的提升，如此，便于极耳322与集流件34的焊接连接，或者极耳322与电极引出结构33的焊接连接。即提高极耳322与集流件34或者极耳322与电极引出结构33的连接可靠性，同时，压缩后的极耳322致密性得到提升，在极耳322与集流件34或者极耳322与电极引出结构33焊接的过程中，降低激光穿过极耳322烫伤隔离件324的可能性，提高隔离件324的结构完整性，进而提高电池单体30的安全性能。
发明人进一步研究发现，电池单体30在制造的过程中，通常通过焊接的方式实现集流件34与极耳322的连接，然而，在集流件34与极耳322焊接的过程中，由于极耳322沿集流件34的厚度方向X距离隔离件344的距离较近，会烫伤隔离件344，导致电池单体30的安全性能下降。
在一些实施例中，极片323沿卷绕方向Y的总长度为l，电极主体321沿径向的最大尺寸为d0，集流件34的厚度为σ，沿集流件34的厚度方向X，极耳322在被压缩前凸出隔离件324的最小尺寸为a，a≥1150σ*d0/l。
其中，极片323沿卷绕方向Y的总长度，可以为极片323在卷绕之前的长度，或者，可以为极片323卷绕后再展开的长度。
其中，电极主体321的直径可以为，电极主体321在沿垂直于电极主体321的 轴向的截面上，经过卷绕中心的最大尺寸。
极耳322被压缩前凸出隔离件324的最小尺寸可以为极耳322在极片323卷绕形成圆柱状后、被压缩前，极耳322凸出隔离件324的最小尺寸。可以理解的是，极耳322在压缩前凸出隔离件324的尺寸，可以通过对压缩后的极耳322进行展平操作，通过测量展平后的极耳322凸出隔离件324的尺寸，即可得知极耳322在被压缩前凸出隔离件324的最小尺寸。
集流件34的厚度方向X，可以为电极组件32的轴向。沿集流件34的厚度方向X，集流件34各处的厚度不一定是完全相等的，因此，集流件34的厚度σ可以为集流件34沿电极组件32的轴向的最大尺寸，或者，集流件34的厚度σ为集流件34各处沿电极组件32的轴向的平均厚度。
设置极耳322在被压缩前凸出隔离件324的最小尺寸a满足：a≥1150σ*d0/l，即在极片323沿卷绕方向Y的长度l、集流件34的厚度σ以及电极组件32的直径d0确定后，设置极耳322在被压缩前凸出隔离件324的最小尺寸a大于一定的数值。
可选地，可以设置仅正极极耳凸出隔离件324的最小尺寸a满足上述关系，或者仅设置负极极耳凸出隔离件324的最小尺寸a满足上述关系，或者，设置正极极耳以及负极极耳凸出隔离件324的最小尺寸a均满足上述关系。
可以理解的是，在压实密度一定的前提下，极耳322在压缩前凸出隔离件324的尺寸越大，压缩后凸出隔离件324的尺寸也越大。而在极耳322压缩后凸出隔离件324的尺寸一定的前提下，极耳322压缩前凸出隔离件324的尺寸越大，极耳322的压实密度越大，即极耳322越密实。
因此，设置极耳322在压缩前凸出隔离件324的最小尺寸a满足上述关系，有利于保证极耳322在压缩后凸出隔离件324的距离满足一定的范围，并保证极耳322压缩后的致密性。如此，在对极耳322进行焊接的过程中，降低由于极耳322凸出隔离件324的尺寸过低，造成焊接光如激光透过极耳322烫伤隔离件324的风险，同时降低由于极耳322的致密性较低而造成极耳322在工作过程中发生形变而损坏的风险，可以进一步提高电池单体30的安全性能。
下面结合表1说明极耳322在压缩前的尺寸a对电池单体30的性能影响，表中，σ、d0、l以及a的单位均为mm。
表1极耳322压缩前凸出隔离件324的距离a对电池单体30安全性能的影响
Figure PCTCN2022103653-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2022103653-appb-000002
参照表1中的实施例1至实施例6以及对比例1至对比例5，本申请实施例通过设置a≥1150σ*d0/l，能够降低电池单体30的隔离件324被烫伤的风险，从而提高电池单体30的安全性能。
在一些实施例中，沿集流件34的厚度方向X，极耳322处于压缩状态下凸出隔离件324的最小尺寸为h，集流件34的厚度为σ，h≥1.5*σ。
可选地，可以仅设置正极极耳压缩状态下凸出隔离件324的最小尺寸满足上述关系，或者，可以仅设置负极极耳压缩状态下凸出隔离件324的最小尺寸满足上述关系，或者同时设置正极极耳和负极极耳压缩状态下凸出隔离件324的最小尺寸满足上述关系。
在集流件34的厚度σ一定的前提下，极耳322在压缩状态下凸出隔离件324的最小尺寸h的最小值为1.5*σ。
在极耳322通过集流件34与电极引出结构33电连接的实施例中，极耳322在压缩状态下凸出隔离件324的最小尺寸，可以为集流件34与隔离件324的最小间距，因此，设置极耳322在压缩状态下凸出隔离件324的最小尺寸满足上述关系，即设置集流件34与隔离件324的最小间距满足上述关系。
可以理解的是，设置极耳322在压缩状态下凸出隔离件324的最小尺寸h满足上述关系，在对极耳322进行焊接的过程中，有利于降低由于极耳322凸出隔离件324的尺寸过低，造成焊接过程中产生的热量，如激光，透过极耳322烫伤隔离件324的风险，如此有利于提高电池单体30的安全性能。
下面结合表2说明极耳322在压缩状态下凸出隔离件324的最小间距h对电池单体30的性能的影响，表中，h和σ的单位均为mm。
表2极耳322在压缩状态下凸出隔离件324的最小间距h对电池单体30的性能的影响
Figure PCTCN2022103653-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2022103653-appb-000004
参照表2中的实施例1至实施例6以及对比例1至对比例6，本申请实施例提供的电池单体30，通过设置，h≥1.5*σ，能够降低电池单体30的隔离件324被烫伤的风险，从而提高电池单体30的安全性能。
在一些实施例中，沿集流件34的厚度方向X，集流件34与隔离件324的最小间距为h，0.1mm≤h≤1.5mm。
可选地，可以设置与正极极耳对应的集流件34与隔离件324的最小间距满足上述关系，或者设置与负极极耳连接的集流件34与隔离件324的最小间距满足上述关系，或者设置与正极极耳连接的集流件34以及与负极极耳连接的集流件34分别与隔离件324的最小间距均满足上述关系。
可选地，集流件34与隔离件324的最小间距h可以为0.1mm、0.2mm、0.4mm、0.5mm、0.6mm、0.7mm、0.8mm、0.9mm、1mm、1.1mm、1.2mm、1.3mm、1.4mm或者1.5mm等。
可以理解的是，集流件34与隔离件324的间距，可以为极耳322凸出隔离件324的距离，因此，设置集流件34与隔离件324的最小间距h满足上述关系，即设置极耳322凸出隔离件324的距离在上述数值范围内。
集流件34与隔离件324的最小间距h满足：0.1mm≤h≤1.5mm，可以保证集流件34与隔离件324具有一定的间距，以在对集流件34和极耳322进行焊接的过程中，降低焊接光，如激光穿过极耳322烫伤隔离件324的风险。另外，在保证对集流件34和极耳322焊接的过程中，不损伤隔离件324的前提下，通过给h值设置一个上限，以降低因集流件34与隔离件324的间距过大而造成电池单体30沿集流件34的厚度方向X的尺寸过大的风险，如此有利于提高电池单体30的能量密度。
在一些实施例中，0.3mm≤h≤1mm。
可选地，h可以为0.3mm、0.4mm、0.5mm、0.6mm、0.7mm、0.8mm、0.9mm或者1mm等。
进一步设置集流件34与隔离件324的最小间距为h满足：0.3mm≤h≤1mm，有利于进一步降低集流件34焊接的过程中烫伤隔离件324的风险，并进一步有利于电池单体30的能量密度的提升。
在一些实施例中，电极主体321的直径为d0，集流件34为圆盘状且直径为d1，1≤d0/d1≤1.3。
可选地，d0/d1可以为1、1.1、1.15、1.2、1.25或者1.3等。
可选地，电极主体321的直径可以为经过电极主体321的几何中心，并垂直于电极主体321的轴向的方向。
设置电极主体321的直径d0和集流件34的直径为d1满足上述关系，即设置电极主体321的直径大于或者等于集流件34的直径，如此设置，可以降低由于集流件34的直径过大，而在入壳的过程中与外壳31发生剐蹭而产生金属颗粒的风险。另外，通过设置d0/d1≤1.3，即为集流件34的直径设置一个下限值，以降低集流件34因直径过小而导致电极组件32与集流件34配合的端部的部分区域，如电极组件32的外圈的极片323得不到有效的支撑而在入壳时，相邻两圈的极片323产生错位的风险。
可以理解的是，在电池单体30充电过程中，为了保证正极极片脱出的活性离子能够完全被负极极片接收，以降低电池单体30析锂的风险，通常设置负极极片沿卷绕方向Y的两端均伸出正极极片一定的距离设置。即沿电极组件32的周向，如图5所示，负极极片相对于正极极片具有一定的伸出区323a。而通过设置集流件34的直径具有一个下限值，也有利于保证集流件34对伸出区323a提供有效的支撑，降低电极组件32入壳时，负极极片的伸出区323a相对于其它区域产生相对运动而造成负极极片的伸出区323a损坏等不良的风险。
在一些实施例中，1.05≤d0/d1≤1.1。
可选地，d0/d1可以为1.05、1.06、1.08、1.09或者1.1等。
设置1.05≤d0/d1≤1.1，有利于进一步降低集流件34在入壳的过程中外壳31发生剐蹭而产生金属颗粒的风险。同时有利于降低电极组件32外圈的极片323因得不到有效的支撑而在入壳的过程中相邻两圈的极片323产生错位的风险。另外，还可以进一步降低电极组件32在入壳的过程中，造成负极极片的伸出区323a发生损坏等不良的风险。
在一些实施例中，沿电极主体321的径向，集流件34的尺寸为d1，18mm≤d1≤60mm。
可以理解的是，电极主体321的径向有多个方向，可以设置沿电极主体321的任意一个径向，集流件34的尺寸d1均满足上述关系。
可选地，d1可以为18mm、20mm、25mm、30mm、35mm、40mm、44mm、45mm、50mm、55mm或者60mm等。
设置集流件34沿电极主体321的径向的尺寸满足上述关系，有利于根据需要合理设置电池单体30的尺寸，以保证电池单体30具有足够的体积能量密度。
在一些实施例中，两个电极引出结构33包括第一电极引出结构331和第二电极引出结构332，两个极耳322包括分别从电极主体321的两端引出的极性相反的第一极耳3221和第二极耳3222。
第一电极引出结构331和第二电极引出结构332中的一者与第一极耳3221电连接，另一者与第二极耳3222电连接。
在一些实施例中，至少一个集流件34包括第一集流件341，第一集流件341用于将第一电极引出结构331与第一极耳3221电连接。
具体地，第一集流件341沿厚度方向X的两端分别与第一电极引出结构331与第一极耳3221抵接，可以焊接或者仅仅只是可分离地接触，以传递电能。
在一些实施例中，至少一个集流件34包括第二集流件342，第二集流件342用 于将第二电极引出结构332与第二极耳3222电连接。
具体地，第二集流件342沿厚度方向X的两端面分别与第二电极引出结构332与第二极耳3222抵接，可以焊接连接，或者仅仅只是可分离地接触，以传递电能。
在一些可选的实施例中，第一电极引出结构331固定于外壳31，第一电极引出结构331具有底座3311，底座3311位于外壳31内且与第一集流件341相抵接。
也就是说，本实施例中，第一电极引出结构331为另外设置于外壳31上的结构，具体地，可以在外壳31上设置电极引出孔311b，并将第一电极引出结构331的底座3311的至少部分伸入电极引出孔311b中，并设置第一电极引出结构331与外壳31相互绝缘。
可选地，第一电极引出结构331可以通过铆接、卡接或者粘接等方式固定于外壳31上。
可选地，第一电极引出结构331的底座3311与第一集流件341相抵接，则底座3311和第一集流件341可以是通过焊接等方式固定连接在一起，或者底座3311和第一集流件341可分离地接触连接在一起，以实现第一集流件341和第一电极引出结构331的电连接。
可选地，可以设置第二电极引出结构332与第一电极引出结构331具有相同的结构，并通过第二集流件342与第二极耳3222电连接，此时，电池单体30在工作的过程中，外壳31可以不带电。
可选地，还可以设置第二电极引出结构332与第一电极引出结构331不同，示例性地，可以设置第二电极引出结构332为壳体311的一部分。
设置第一电极引出结构331固定于外壳31上，并设置第一电极引出结构331具有位于外壳31内且与第一集流件341相抵的底座3311，通过底座3311与第一集流件341的抵接，通过底座3311实现第一集流件341与第一电极引出结构331的电连接，有利于提高二者的连接稳定性。
可选地，第一集流件341与底座3311可以同轴设置，或者第一集流件341与底座3311也可以不同轴设置，可以根据需要进行选取。
在一些实施例中，底座3311与第一集流件341同轴设置。
可以理解的是，设置底座3311与第一集流件341同轴设置，便于实现底座3311与集流件34的焊接连接。另外，在入壳时，有利于保证底座3311对第一集流件341的力相对于电极组件32的卷绕中心尽可能的对称分布，降低相邻两圈极片323产生错位的风险。
在一些实施例中，沿电极主体321的径向，第一集流件341的尺寸为d2，底座3311的尺寸为d3，1≤d2/d3≤1.7。
可选地，d2/d3可以为1、1.1、1.2、1.3、1.4、1.5、1.6或者1.7等。
可选地，由于第一集流件341可以呈圆板状，也可以呈方板状，对应地，底座3311可以呈圆板状，也可以呈方板状。在第一集流件341呈圆板状，底座3311也呈圆板状的实施例中，d1即为第一集流件341的直径，d3即为底座3311的直径。
由于电极主体321的径向有多个，在第一集流件341和底座3311呈非圆柱状的 实施例中，沿不同的方向，第一集流件341的尺寸d1不尽相同，底座3311的尺寸d3也不尽相同。因此，第一集流件341的尺寸d1和底座3311的尺寸d3可以为第一集流件341和底座3311沿任一相同方向的尺寸。
可以理解的是，设置1≤d1/d3≤1.7，即设置第一集流件341的尺寸大于底座3311的尺寸，同时在第一集流件341的尺寸固定的前提下，设置底座3311的尺寸具有下限值，如此，在降低因底座3311的尺寸过大而增大电池单体30的重量的风险、以有利于实现电池单体30的轻量化的同时，还可以降低因底座3311的尺寸过小而在入壳的过程中，底座3311对第一集流件341产生应力集中而导致第一集流件341变形的风险，进而降低电极组件32的相邻两圈的极片323沿厚度方向X发生错位的风险，同时可以降低负极极片的伸出区323a相对于正极极片产生沿厚度方向X的错位的风险。
在一些实施例中，1.2≤d2/d3≤1.5。
可选地，d2/d3可以为1.2、1.25、1.3、1.35、1.4、1.45或者1.5等。
如此设置，有利于进一步降低因底座3311的尺寸过大而增大电池单体30的重量的风险、以有利于实现电池单体30的轻量化的同时，进一步降低低因底座3311的尺寸过小而在入壳的过程中，底座3311对第一集流件341产生应力集中而导致第一集流件341变形的风险，进而降低电极组件32的相邻两圈的极片323沿厚度方向X发生错位的风险，同时可以降低负极极片的伸出区323a相对于正极极片产生沿厚度方向X的错位的风险。
在一些实施例中，外壳31包括壳体311和端盖312，壳体311具有开口311a，端盖312用于盖合开口311a，第二集流件342位于端盖312和第二极耳3222之间，第二极耳3222通过第二集流件342与壳体311电连接，第二电极引出结构332为壳体311的一部分。
可选地，可以通过端盖312实现与第二极耳3222的电连接，第二电极引出结构332可以为端盖312的一部分，即通过汇流件连接不同电池单体30的端盖312，以实现不同电池单体30的电连接；或者，可以设置第二电极引出结构332为外壳31与端盖312相对的底壁3111的一部分，即汇流件连接不同电池单体30的底壁3111，以实现不同电池单体30的电连接。
可选地，可以设置第二电极引出结构332与负极极耳连接，或者，设置第二电极引出结构332与正极极耳连接。
示例性地，可以将第二电极引出结构332与负极极耳连接，如此，在电池单体30工作的过程中，壳体311处于低电位状态，低电位下的壳体311不易被电解液等腐蚀。
可选地，端盖312可以整体呈平面状，并设置端盖312的一部分与第二集流件342电连接，或者设置端盖312具有凸出设置的结构，以实现端盖312与第二集流件342的电连接。
在一些实施例中，端盖312具有朝向电极主体321凸出设置的环形凸台3121，第二集流件342抵接于环形凸台3121，沿电极主体321的径向，环形凸台3121的内径为d4，第二集流件342的尺寸为d5，d5/d4≥1.15mm。
可选地，d5/d4可以为1.15、1.2或者1.25等。
即在环形凸台3121的内径固定的前提下，第二集流件342沿电极主体321径向的尺寸具有下限值，在电极组件32入壳时，有利于的提高第二集流件342的稳定性，降低因端盖312下压造成第二集流件342变形拱起的风险，如此，有利于降低第二集流件342和端盖312之间存在间隙的风险，同时有利于降低电极主体321靠外圈的区域发生由于受压而产生轴向错位的风险、以及有利于降低负极极片的伸出区323a相对于正极极片产生轴向错位的风险。
在一些实施例中，d5/d4≥1.2mm
可选地，d5/d4可以为1.2、1.21、1.22、1.25或者1.3等。
如此设置，在电极组件32入壳时，进一步有利于提高第二集流件342的稳定性，降低因端盖312下压造成第二集流件342变形拱起的风险，有利于降低第二集流件342和端盖312之间存在间隙的风险，同时有利于降低电极主体321靠外圈的区域由于受压而产生轴向错位的风险、以及有利于降低负极极片的伸出区323a相对于正极极片产生轴向错位的风险。
在一些实施例中，端盖312设有泄压机构35，泄压机构35与第二集流件342间隔设置，第二集流件342支撑电极组件32，第二集流件342的厚度为σ，第二集流件342的杨氏模量为E，σ*E≥27000MPa*mm。
由于第二集流件342需要支撑电极组件32，为了降低因第二集流件342变形导致压伤泄压机构35，进而导致泄压机构35爆破压力下降的风险，需要设置第二集流件342具有一定的抗弯曲能力，因此，设置σ*E≥27000MPa*mm，有利于降低第二集流件342产生变形的风险，进而降低泄压机构35损伤而影响其正常工作的风险，如此，有利于提高电池单体30的安全性能。
在一些实施例中，σ*E≥40000MPa*mm。
如此设置，有利于进一步提高第二集流件342的抗弯曲能力，降低第二集流件342产生变形的风险，以进一步降低泄压机构35损伤而影响其正常工作的风险，如此，可以进一步提高电池单体30的安全性能。
根据本申请实施例提供的电池10包括上述任一实施例提供的电池单体30。
本申请实施例提供的电池10，由于采用了上述任一实施例提供的电池单体30，因而具有同样的技术效果，在此不再赘述。
根据本申请实施例提供的用电装置包括上述实施例提供的电池10，电池10用于提供电能。
本申请实施例提供的用电装置，由于采用了上述实施例提供的电池10，因而具有同样的技术效果，在此不再赘述。
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
最后应说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进 行等同替换，但这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (21)

  1. 一种电池单体，包括：
    外壳，设有电极引出结构；
    电极组件，容纳于所述外壳内，所述电极组件包括圆柱状的电极主体和从所述电极主体引出的极耳；以及
    至少一个集流件，用于将所述电极引出结构与所述极耳电连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池单体，其中，所述电极组件包括极性相反的两个极片和隔离件，每个所述极片具有活性物质区和非活性物质区，两个所述活性物质区和所述隔离件卷绕形成所述电极主体，所述非活性物质区卷绕形成所述极耳，所述极耳处于压缩状态。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池单体，其中，所述极片沿卷绕方向的总长度为l，所述电极主体的沿径向的最大尺寸为d0，所述集流件的厚度为σ，沿所述集流件的厚度方向，所述极耳在被压缩前凸出所述隔离件的最小尺寸为a，a≥1150σ*d0/l。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的电池单体，其中，沿所述集流件的厚度方向，所述极耳处于压缩状态下凸出所述隔离件的最小尺寸为h，所述集流件的厚度为σ，h≥1.5*σ。
  5. 根据权利要求2至4任一项所述的电池单体，其中，沿所述集流件的厚度方向，所述集流件与所述隔离件的最小间距为h，0.1mm≤h≤1.5mm。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电池单体，其中，0.3mm≤h≤1mm。
  7. 据权利要求1至6任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述电极主体的直径为d0，所述集流件为圆盘状且直径为d1，1≤d0/d1≤1.3。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电池单体，其中，1.05≤d0/d1≤1.1。
  9. 根据权利要求1至8任一项所述的电池单体，其中，沿所述电极主体的径向，所述集流件的尺寸为d1，18mm≤d1≤60mm。
  10. 根据权利要求1至9任一项所述的电池单体，其中，两个所述电极引出结构包括第一电极引出结构和第二电极引出结构，两个所述极耳包括分别从所述电极主体的两端引出的极性相反的第一极耳和第二极耳；
    至少一个所述集流件包括第一集流件，所述第一集流件用于将所述第一电极引出结构与所述第一极耳电连接；和/或
    至少一个所述集流件包括第二集流件，所述第二集流件用于将所述第二电极引出结构与所述第二极耳电连接。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一电极引出结构固定于所述外壳，所述第一电极引出结构具有底座，所述底座位于所述外壳内且与所述第一集流件相抵接。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的电池单体，其中，所述底座与所述第一集流件同轴设置。
  13. 根据权利要求11所述的电池单体，其中，沿所述电极主体的径向，所述第一集流件的尺寸为d2，所述底座的尺寸为d3，1≤d2/d3≤1.7。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的电池单体，其中，1.2≤d2/d3≤1.5。
  15. 根据权利要求10至14任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述外壳包括壳体和端盖，所述壳体具有开口，所述端盖用于盖合所述开口，所述第二集流件位于所述端盖和所述第二极耳之间，所述第二极耳通过所述第二集流件与所述壳体电连接，所述第二电极引出结构为所述壳体的一部分。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的电池单体，其中，所述端盖具有朝向所述电极主体凸出设置的环形凸台，所述第二集流件抵接于所述环形凸台，沿所述电极主体的径向，所述环形凸台的内径为d4，所述第二集流件的尺寸为d5，d5/d4≥1.15mm。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的电池单体，其中，d5/d4≥1.2mm。
  18. 根据权利要求15至17任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述端盖设有泄压机构，所述泄压机构与所述第二集流件间隔设置，所述第二集流件支撑所述电极组件，所述第二集流件的厚度为σ，所述第二集流件的杨氏模量为E，σ*E≥27000MPa*mm。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的电池单体，其中，σ*E≥40000MPa*mm。
  20. 一种电池，包括如权利要求1至19任一项所述的电池单体。
  21. 一种用电装置，包括如权利要求20所述的电池，所述电池用于提供电能。
PCT/CN2022/103653 2022-07-04 2022-07-04 电池单体、电池以及用电装置 WO2024007115A1 (zh)

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2012043704A (ja) * 2010-08-20 2012-03-01 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd 非水電解液電池
CN215988974U (zh) * 2021-08-23 2022-03-08 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 电池单体、电池以及用电装置
CN216120653U (zh) * 2021-10-20 2022-03-22 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 电池单体、电池及用电设备
CN216251022U (zh) * 2021-10-20 2022-04-08 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 电池单体、电池以及用电装置
CN216389656U (zh) * 2021-11-30 2022-04-26 多氟多新能源科技有限公司 一种圆柱新型极耳结构的锂离子电池

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2012043704A (ja) * 2010-08-20 2012-03-01 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd 非水電解液電池
CN215988974U (zh) * 2021-08-23 2022-03-08 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 电池单体、电池以及用电装置
CN216120653U (zh) * 2021-10-20 2022-03-22 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 电池单体、电池及用电设备
CN216251022U (zh) * 2021-10-20 2022-04-08 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 电池单体、电池以及用电装置
CN216389656U (zh) * 2021-11-30 2022-04-26 多氟多新能源科技有限公司 一种圆柱新型极耳结构的锂离子电池

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