WO2023225903A1 - 电池单体、电池以及用电装置 - Google Patents

电池单体、电池以及用电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023225903A1
WO2023225903A1 PCT/CN2022/094968 CN2022094968W WO2023225903A1 WO 2023225903 A1 WO2023225903 A1 WO 2023225903A1 CN 2022094968 W CN2022094968 W CN 2022094968W WO 2023225903 A1 WO2023225903 A1 WO 2023225903A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery cell
electrode terminal
wall
tab
current collector
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PCT/CN2022/094968
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
许虎
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to CN202280043561.2A priority Critical patent/CN117501532A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2022/094968 priority patent/WO2023225903A1/zh
Publication of WO2023225903A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023225903A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery technology, and more specifically, to a battery cell, a battery and an electrical device.
  • Batteries are widely used in electronic devices, such as mobile phones, laptops, battery cars, electric cars, electric airplanes, electric ships, electric toy cars, electric toy ships, electric toy airplanes, electric tools, etc.
  • the battery cells may include cadmium-nickel battery cells, nickel-hydrogen battery cells, lithium-ion battery cells, secondary alkaline zinc-manganese battery cells, etc.
  • This application provides a battery cell, a battery and an electrical device, which can improve the working safety of the battery cell.
  • inventions of the present application provide a battery cell.
  • the battery cell includes a casing, at least one electrode assembly, a first electrode terminal, a second electrode terminal and a first current collector.
  • the casing includes a first wall, at least one The electrode assembly is accommodated in the shell.
  • the electrode assembly includes a body part, a first pole tab, and a second pole tab.
  • the first pole tab is led out from an end of the body part away from the first wall along the thickness direction of the first wall.
  • the second pole tab is led out from the end of the body part along the thickness direction of the first wall.
  • the body part is drawn out from one end facing the first wall along the thickness direction; the first electrode terminal and the second electrode terminal are both arranged on the first wall, and the second electrode terminal is electrically connected to the second tab; the first current collector is accommodated in the housing And used to electrically connect the first tab and the first electrode terminal.
  • the first electrode terminal and the second electrode terminal are both arranged on the first wall, and the first tab and the second tab are respectively arranged on both ends of the electrode assembly along the first direction. , and connect the first tab and the first electrode terminal through the first current collector, so as to realize that the first electrode terminal and the second electrode terminal are both arranged at the same end of the battery cell, and the outer casing is not charged.
  • the connection structure between the battery cells can be simplified, the space occupied by the battery cells during the grouping process can be reduced, and the volume energy density of the battery formed after the battery cells are grouped can be improved.
  • the casing of the battery cell is not charged during operation, the risk of short-circuiting of the casings of adjacent battery cells is greatly reduced, which is beneficial to improving the working safety of the battery cells.
  • the first current collecting part includes a first current collecting part and a first connecting part.
  • the first current collecting part is located on a side of the first tab away from the body part and is connected to the first tab.
  • the connecting portion is bent relative to the first current collecting portion and used to connect the first current collecting portion and the first electrode terminal. This arrangement facilitates the first current collector to connect the first tab and the first electrode terminal.
  • the first connecting portion is located outside the body portion and is arranged side by side with the body portion. This arrangement makes it easy to flexibly set the position of the first connection part according to the internal space of the casing, so as to rationally utilize the internal space of the casing, which is beneficial to improving the volumetric energy density of the battery cell.
  • the housing has a second wall and a third wall arranged to intersect, the second wall and the third wall extend along the thickness direction, and the second wall, the third wall and the adjacent electrode assembly form a first accommodation space. ; At least part of the first connecting portion is accommodated in the first accommodation space. In this way, it is helpful to reduce the extra space occupied by the first connection part in the housing, thereby improving the volumetric energy density of the battery cell.
  • At least part of an orthographic projection along the thickness direction of the first electrode terminal is located within the first containing space. In this way, it is beneficial to simplify the connection structure between the first connection part and the first electrode terminal.
  • each electrode assembly there are multiple electrode assemblies, the body part of each electrode assembly is generally cylindrical, the shell has a fourth wall extending along the thickness direction, and two adjacent electrode assemblies and the fourth wall are enclosed to form a second housing. Space, at least part of the first connecting part is accommodated in the second accommodation space. It is beneficial to reduce the extra space occupied by the first connection part in the casing, thereby improving the volumetric energy density of the battery cell.
  • At least part of an orthographic projection along the thickness direction of the first electrode terminal is located within the second containing space. In this way, it is beneficial to simplify the connection structure between the first connection part and the first electrode terminal.
  • the magnitudes of the currents flowing from the first current collector part and the second current collector part to the connection subpart on both sides of the connecting sub-portion are as equal as possible, or have the smallest difference, which is beneficial to improving the overall efficiency of the first current collecting part. current capacity, reducing the risk of temperature rise caused by excessive current in the first current collector, and further improving the working safety of the battery cells.
  • the first connection portion is provided with a fuse portion, and the fuse portion is configured to fuse when the current flowing through the fuse portion reaches a threshold value. In this way, the working safety of the battery cells is further improved.
  • the first current collector further includes an insulating layer, and the insulating layer covers at least part of the first connection part to insulate and isolate the first connection part from the body part.
  • the first current collecting part further includes a second connecting part, the second connecting part is connected to an end of the first connecting part away from the first collecting part and is bent relative to the first connecting part; the second connecting part Used to connect the first electrode terminal.
  • a first recess is provided on a side of the first electrode terminal away from the electrode assembly, and the bottom wall of the first recess abuts the second connection part and is welded to the second connection part.
  • a second current collector is further included, at least partially located between the second electrode terminal and the second tab and used to connect the second electrode terminal and the second tab. In this way, the electrical connection between the second electrode terminal and the second tab is facilitated.
  • the edge of the second current collector has a notch
  • the first electrode terminal is arranged opposite to the notch in the thickness direction.
  • embodiments of the present application provide a battery, including the battery cell provided in any of the above embodiments.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an electrical device, including the battery provided in the above embodiment, and the battery is used to provide electric energy.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery module in a battery provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery cell provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of a battery cell along the direction perpendicular to the thickness according to the embodiment of the present application;
  • Figure 6 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of another battery cell along the direction perpendicular to the thickness according to the embodiment of the present application;
  • Figure 7 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of another battery cell along the direction perpendicular to the thickness provided by the embodiment of the present application;
  • Figure 8 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of another battery cell along the vertical and thickness directions according to the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of yet another battery cell along the vertical and thickness directions according to the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of yet another battery cell along the vertical and thickness directions according to the embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG 11 is a schematic structural diagram of another battery cell provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic structural diagram of yet another battery cell provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery cell without the outer casing and electrode assembly provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Vehicle 1a, motor; 1b, controller;
  • Electrode assembly 321. Body part; 322. First pole; 323. Second pole;
  • the first current collecting part 41. The first current collecting part; 411. The first current collecting sub-part; 412. The second current collecting sub-part; 413.
  • an embodiment means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the application.
  • the appearances of this phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense.
  • connection can be a fixed connection, It can also be detachably connected or integrally connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be internal communication between two components.
  • connection can be a fixed connection
  • connection can also be detachably connected or integrally connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be internal communication between two components.
  • connection can also be detachably connected or integrally connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be internal communication between two components.
  • “Plural” appearing in this application means two or more (including two).
  • battery cells may include lithium ion secondary battery cells, lithium ion primary battery cells, lithium sulfur battery cells, sodium lithium ion battery cells, sodium ion battery cells or magnesium ion battery cells, etc.
  • the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.
  • the battery cell may be in the shape of a cylinder, a flat body, a rectangular parallelepiped or other shapes, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.
  • Battery cells are generally divided into three types according to packaging methods: cylindrical battery cells, square battery cells and soft-pack battery cells, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.
  • the battery mentioned in the embodiments of this application refers to a single physical module including one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the battery mentioned in this application may include a battery module or a battery pack.
  • Batteries generally include a box for packaging one or more battery cells. The box can prevent liquid or other foreign matter from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells.
  • the battery cell includes an electrode assembly and an electrolyte.
  • the electrode assembly includes a positive electrode piece, a negative electrode piece and a separator. Battery cells mainly rely on the movement of metal ions between the positive and negative electrodes to work.
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer, and the positive electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive electrode current collector;
  • the positive electrode current collector includes a positive electrode current collecting part and a positive electrode convex part protruding from the positive electrode current collecting part, and the positive electrode current collecting part
  • the positive electrode convex part is coated with the positive electrode active material layer, and at least part of the positive electrode convex part is not coated with the positive electrode active material layer, and the positive electrode convex part serves as the positive electrode tab.
  • the material of the cathode current collector can be aluminum, and the cathode active material layer includes cathode active materials.
  • the cathode active material can be lithium cobalt oxide, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium or lithium manganate, etc.
  • the negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer, and the negative electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the negative electrode current collector; the negative electrode current collector includes a negative electrode current collecting part and a negative electrode convex part protruding from the negative electrode current collecting part, and the negative electrode current collecting part
  • the negative electrode active material layer is coated on the negative electrode active material layer, and at least part of the negative electrode protruding part is not coated with the negative electrode active material layer, and the negative electrode protruding part serves as the negative electrode tab.
  • the negative electrode current collector may be made of copper, and the negative electrode active material layer may include a negative electrode active material.
  • the negative electrode active material may be carbon or silicon.
  • the number of positive electrode tabs is multiple and stacked together, and the number of negative electrode tabs is multiple and stacked together.
  • the material of the isolator can be PP (polypropylene, polypropylene) or PE (polyethylene, polyethylene), etc.
  • the electrode assembly may have a rolled structure or a laminated structure, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto.
  • battery cells such as cylindrical battery cells
  • battery cells usually have two structural forms, one is: one end of the battery cell along the axial direction has an electrode terminal, and the outer casing is charged during operation.
  • the connection form of the battery cells is simple, the outer shell needs to be charged, which can easily cause safety problems.
  • the battery cell has electrode terminals at both ends along the axial direction, and the outer casing is not charged during operation.
  • this type of battery has electrode terminals at both ends, during the installation process, the electrode terminals at both ends are It is necessary to connect through busbars to achieve series and parallel connection between battery cells. More busbars will not only take up more space, but also easily cause more safety issues. Therefore, the battery cells in current technology are limited by their structural types, resulting in low safety issues.
  • the inventor has improved the structure of the battery cell.
  • the technical solutions described in the embodiments of the present application are applicable to battery cells, batteries containing battery cells, and electrical devices using batteries.
  • the first tab and the second tab are respectively disposed at opposite ends of the body part of the electrode assembly, and the first electrode terminal and the second electrode terminal are disposed on the battery cell close to the third One end of the two electrode terminals is connected to the first electrode terminal and the first tab through the first current collector.
  • the battery cell provided by the embodiment of the present application can realize the purpose of having two electrode terminals from one end of the battery cell, and the casing is not charged. In this way, it can not only simplify the connection structure between the battery cells and reduce the space occupied by the battery cells, but also improve the safety of the battery cells during their operation.
  • Electrical devices can be vehicles, cell phones, portable devices, laptops, ships, spacecraft, electric toys and power tools, etc.
  • Vehicles can be fuel vehicles, gas vehicles or new energy vehicles, and new energy vehicles can be pure electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles or extended-range vehicles, etc.
  • spacecraft include aircraft, rockets, space shuttles, spaceships, etc.
  • electric toys include fixed Type or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric ship toys and electric airplane toys, etc.
  • electric tools include metal cutting electric tools, grinding electric tools, assembly electric tools and railway electric tools, for example, Electric drills, electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators, planers and more.
  • Electric drills Electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators, planers and more.
  • the following embodiments take the electrical device as a vehicle as an example.
  • a battery 10 is provided inside the vehicle 1 .
  • the battery 10 may be disposed at the bottom, head or tail of the vehicle 1 .
  • the battery 10 may be used to power the vehicle 1 , for example, the battery 10 may serve as an operating power source for the vehicle 1 .
  • the vehicle 1 may also include a controller 1b and a motor 1a.
  • the controller 1b is used to control the battery 10 to supply power to the motor 1a, for example, for the starting, navigation and operating power requirements of the vehicle 1 when driving.
  • the battery 10 can not only be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1 , but also can be used as a driving power source for the vehicle 1 , replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1 .
  • the battery 10 includes battery cells (not shown in FIG. 2 ).
  • the battery 10 may also include a case for housing the battery cells.
  • the box is used to accommodate battery cells, and the box can be of various structural forms.
  • the case may include a first case part 11 and a second case part 12 .
  • the first box part 11 and the second box part 12 cover each other.
  • the first box part 11 and the second box part 12 jointly define an accommodation space for accommodating battery cells.
  • the second box part 12 may be a hollow structure with one end open, and the first box part 11 is a plate-like structure.
  • the first box part 11 is covered with the opening side of the second box part 12 to form a container with accommodating space.
  • Box The first box part 11 and the second box part 12 may also be hollow structures with one side open.
  • the open side of the first box part 11 is covered with the open side of the second box part 12 to form a box with an accommodation space.
  • the first box part 11 and the second box part 12 can be in various shapes, such as cylinder, rectangular parallelepiped, etc.
  • a sealing member such as sealant, sealing ring, etc., may be provided between the first box part 11 and the second box part 12 .
  • the first box part 11 can also be called an upper box cover, and the second box part 12 can also be called a lower box.
  • the battery 10 there may be one battery cell or a plurality of battery cells. If there are multiple battery cells, the multiple battery cells can be connected in series, parallel, or mixed. Hybrid connection means that multiple battery cells are connected in series and in parallel. Multiple battery cells can be directly connected in series, parallel, or mixed together, and then the whole composed of multiple battery cells can be accommodated in the box. Multiple battery cells can also be connected in series, parallel, or mixed to form a battery. Module 20. A plurality of battery modules 20 are connected in series, parallel, or mixed to form a whole, and are accommodated in the box.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the battery module 20 shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the battery module 20 has a plurality of battery cells 30 .
  • a plurality of battery cells 30 are first connected in series, parallel, or mixed to form the battery module 20 .
  • a plurality of battery modules 20 are connected in series, parallel, or mixed to form a whole, and are accommodated in the box.
  • the plurality of battery cells 30 in the battery module 20 can be electrically connected through bus components to realize parallel, series or mixed connection of the plurality of battery cells 30 in the battery module 20 .
  • FIG. 4 is an exploded schematic diagram of the battery cell 30 shown in FIG. 3 .
  • the battery cell 30 provided according to the embodiment of the present application includes a housing 31 , at least one electrode assembly 32 , a first electrode terminal 33 and a second electrode terminal 34 , and a first current collector 40 .
  • the housing 31 includes a first wall 313, and at least one electrode assembly 32 is accommodated in the housing 31.
  • the electrode assembly 32 includes a body portion 321, a first tab 322 and a second tab 323.
  • the first tab 322 extends from the body portion 321 along a third The thickness direction
  • the first electrode terminal 33 and the second electrode terminal 34 are both disposed on the first wall 313 , and the second electrode terminal 34 is electrically connected to the second tab 323 .
  • the first current collector 40 is accommodated in the housing 31 and is used to electrically connect the first tab 322 and the first electrode terminal 33 .
  • the housing 31 has an accommodating cavity 30c, and the electrode assembly 32 is accommodated in the accommodating cavity 30c.
  • the housing 31 may include a housing 311 and an end cover 312.
  • the housing 311 is a hollow structure with one side open.
  • the end cover 312 covers the opening of the housing 311 and forms a sealed connection to form a A sealed space housing the electrode assembly 32 and the electrolyte.
  • the electrode assembly 32 When assembling the battery cell 30, the electrode assembly 32 can be first placed into the case 311, and then the end cap 312 is closed to the opening of the case 311, and then the electrolyte is injected into the case through the electrolyte injection port on the end cap 312. Within 311.
  • housing 31 may also be used to contain an electrolyte, such as an electrolyte solution.
  • the housing 31 can have various structural forms.
  • the housing 311 can be in various shapes, such as cylinder, cuboid, etc.
  • the shape of the housing 311 can be determined according to the specific shape of the electrode assembly 32 . For example, if the electrode assembly 32 has a cylindrical structure, the housing 311 can be selected to have a cylindrical structure. If the electrode assembly 32 has a rectangular parallelepiped structure, the housing 311 may have a rectangular parallelepiped structure. In FIG. 4 , as an example, both the housing 311 and the electrode assembly 32 have a rectangular parallelepiped structure.
  • the housing 311 can be made of a variety of materials, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, etc., which are not particularly limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the housing 31 perpendicular to the thickness direction X may be circular, square, rectangular or other irregular shapes.
  • the shell 31 has both a straight part and an arcuate part along the cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the thickness direction X, and the two parts can be enclosed in various forms to form a closed shape.
  • Electrodes assemblies 32 There may be one or more electrode assemblies 32 accommodated in the housing 311 .
  • FIG. 4 there are two electrode assemblies 32 accommodated in the housing 311 .
  • electrode assembly 32 also includes a positive electrode tab, a negative electrode tab, and a separator.
  • the electrode assembly 32 may be a rolled structure formed by winding a positive electrode piece, a separator, and a negative electrode piece.
  • the electrode assembly 32 may also be a stacked structure formed by a stacked arrangement of a positive electrode piece, a separator, and a negative electrode piece.
  • the positive electrode sheet may include a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer.
  • the positive active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive current collector.
  • the negative electrode sheet may include a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer.
  • the negative active material layer is coated on the surface of the negative current collector.
  • the separator is between the positive electrode piece and the negative electrode piece and is used to isolate the positive electrode piece and the negative electrode piece to reduce the risk of short circuit between the positive electrode piece and the negative electrode piece.
  • the material of the isolator may be PP (polypropylene, polypropylene) or PE (polyethylene, polyethylene), etc.
  • one of the first tab 322 and the second tab 323 of the electrode assembly 32 may be configured as a positive tab and the other as a negative tab.
  • the positive electrode tab may be a portion of the positive electrode current collector that is not coated with the positive electrode active material layer.
  • the negative electrode tab may be a portion of the negative electrode current collector that is not coated with the negative electrode active material layer.
  • the first wall 313 may be a part of the housing 311 of the housing 31 or a part of the end cover 312 of the housing 31 .
  • one electrode assembly 32 may be provided in the casing 31 of the battery cell 30, or two or more electrode assemblies 32 may be provided.
  • the battery cell 30 includes more than three electrode assemblies 32
  • the plurality of electrode assemblies 32 can be arranged in one direction or in multiple directions, and can be arranged according to actual needs.
  • the first tabs 322 and the second tabs 323 are respectively drawn out from both ends of the body part 321 along the first direction, the first electrode terminal 33 and the second electrode terminal 34 are both drawn out from the first wall 313, and the electrode assembly 32 is close to A second tab 322 is provided at one end of the first wall 313 , and the first tab 323 is provided at an end of the electrode assembly 32 away from the first wall 313 . Therefore, the first current collector 40 is provided to electrically connect the first electrode terminal 33 and the first tab 322 .
  • the first current collector 40 can be integrally formed, and then bent to connect one end to the first tab 322 and the other end to the first electrode terminal 33 .
  • the first current collector 40 is provided in multiple parts, and two of the multiple parts are connected to the first tab 322 and the first electrode terminal 33 respectively. Then, the above two parts can be connected directly or through an intermediate connector.
  • the structural type and shape of the first current collector 40 are not limited, as long as the first tab 322 and the first electrode terminal 33 can be electrically connected.
  • the number of the first current collector 40 may be one, or the number of the first current collector 40 may be two or more, and different first current collectors 40 may be connected to the plurality of electrode assemblies 32 respectively. a part of.
  • the multiple first current collectors 40 may be connected to the same first electrode terminal 33 , or the first wall 313 may be provided with multiple first current collectors 40 .
  • One electrode terminal 33 , different first current collectors 40 are respectively connected to different first electrode terminals 33 , and then multiple first electrode terminals 33 are electrically connected outside the battery cell 3 .
  • the currents of the plurality of electrode assemblies 32 in the battery cell 30 can be divided, thereby improving the overall overcurrent capability of the first current collector 40 .
  • the first current collector 40 may be disposed between the electrode assembly 32 and the housing 31 , or between two adjacent electrode assemblies 32 , or in a space formed by a plurality of electrode assemblies 32 and the housing 31 . Within the space, specific settings can be made as needed.
  • the first current collecting member 40 may be in a sheet-shaped or strip-shaped structure.
  • the body portion 321 of the electrode assembly 32 may be cylindrical or square.
  • the electrode assembly 32 may be a laminated electrode assembly 32, or may be a wound electrode assembly 32.
  • the second electrode terminal 34 and the second tab 323 may be connected through an intermediate connector or directly connected.
  • connection between the first current collector 40 and the first electrode terminal 33 may be by welding or riveting.
  • first electrode terminal 33 and the second electrode terminal 34 are both disposed on the first wall 313 , and the first electrode terminal 33 and the first tab 322 are connected through the first current collector 40 .
  • the first electrode terminal 33 and the second electrode terminal 34 can be disposed at the same end of the housing 31 , and during the operation of the battery cell 30 , the housing 31 of the battery cell 30 may not be charged. Since the first electrode terminal 33 and the second electrode terminal 34 are both disposed at the same end of the housing 31 , during the process of grouping the battery cells 30 , the number of busbars used to connect the battery cells 30 and the occupied space can be reduced.
  • the first electrode terminal 33 and the second electrode terminal 34 are both arranged on the first wall 313, and the first tab 322 and the second tab 323 are respectively arranged on the electrodes.
  • the two ends of the component 32 along the thickness direction 30, and the shell 31 is not charged.
  • the connection structure between adjacent battery cells 30 can be simplified, and the space occupied by the battery cells 30 during the grouping process can be reduced, which is beneficial to improving the volumetric energy density of the battery 10 formed after the battery cells 30 are grouped.
  • the casing 31 of the battery cell 30 is not charged while the battery cell 30 is working, the risk of a short circuit in the casing 31 of the adjacent battery cell 30 is greatly reduced, which is beneficial to improving the working safety of the battery cell 30 .
  • the first current collecting part 40 includes a first current collecting part 41 and a first connecting part 42.
  • the first current collecting part 41 is located on a side of the first tab 322 away from the body part 321 and is connected to the first current collecting part 41.
  • the first connecting portion 42 is bent relative to the first current collecting portion 41 and connects the first current collecting portion 41 and the first electrode terminal 33 .
  • the first current collecting part 41 is connected to the first tab 322.
  • the first current collecting part 41 can be connected to a plurality of first tabs 322, and passes through The first connection part 42 realizes the electrical connection between the first tab 322 and the first electrode terminal 33 .
  • the first connecting portion 42 may extend along the thickness direction X and be connected to the first electrode terminal 33, or a portion of the first connecting portion 42 may extend along the thickness direction X, The other part extends in a direction perpendicular to the thickness direction X to achieve connection with the first electrode terminal 33 .
  • the cross-sectional shape of the portion of the first connecting portion 42 extending along the thickness direction Actual demand selection is not limited.
  • the first connecting part 42 may be disposed inside the body part 321 , or may be disposed outside the body part 321 .
  • the first connecting part 42 is sleeved on the outside of the body part 321 .
  • the first connecting portion 42 is located outside the body portion 321 and is arranged side by side with the body portion 321 .
  • the first connection part 42 is located outside the body part 321 and is arranged side by side with the body part 321 , that is, the first connection part 42 is located between part of the outer surface of the body part 321 and the shell 31 , rather than being sleeved on the body part 321 . 321.
  • This arrangement makes it easy to flexibly set the position of the first connecting portion 42 according to the internal space of the casing 31, so as to rationally utilize the internal space of the casing 31, which is beneficial to improving the volumetric energy density of the battery cell 30.
  • Figures 5, 6 and 7 respectively show schematic cross-sectional structural views of different battery cells along the direction perpendicular to the thickness provided by embodiments of the present application.
  • the housing 31 has a second wall 314 and a third wall 315 arranged to intersect, and the second wall 314 and the third wall 315 extend along the thickness direction X.
  • the second wall 314, the third wall 315 and the adjacent electrode assemblies 32 form a first containing space 30a. At least part of the first connecting portion 42 is accommodated in the first accommodation space 30a.
  • the third wall 315 and the second wall 314 may intersect perpendicularly, or the angle formed by the connection of the second wall 314 and the third wall 315 close to the side of the electrode assembly 32 may be an acute angle or an obtuse angle.
  • the first accommodation space 30a may be closed or may have an opening 311a. It is beneficial to dispose the first connection part 42 in the first accommodation space 30a, that is, the corner formed by the electrode assembly 32, the second wall 314 and the third wall 315, and to dispose the first connection part 42 in the above corner. The additional space occupied by the first connecting portion 42 in the housing 31 is reduced, thereby increasing the volumetric energy density of the battery cell 30 .
  • part or all of the first electrode terminal 33 may be arranged opposite to the first accommodation space 30a, or all of the first electrode terminal 33 may be arranged staggeredly with the first accommodation space 30a, that is, the first electrode terminal 33 and the first accommodation space 30a may be arranged in a staggered manner.
  • the volume 30a does not have any opposing parts.
  • the relative positions of the first electrode terminal 33 and the first capacity space 30a are not limited here and can be selected according to actual needs.
  • At least part of the orthographic projection of the first electrode terminal 33 along the thickness direction X is located within the first volume 30a.
  • At least part of the first electrode terminal 33 is located in the first accommodation space 30 a along the thickness direction X in orthographic projection. That is, at least part of the first electrode terminal 33 is arranged opposite to the first accommodation space 30 a along the thickness direction X.
  • the capacity space 30a is dislocated.
  • the first connecting portion 42 can be directly connected to the first electrode terminal 33 without having to set the first connecting portion 42 and extend for a distance perpendicular to the thickness direction X before connecting to the first electrode terminal 33 . In this way, it is beneficial to simplify the connection structure between the first connection part 42 and the first electrode terminal 33 .
  • Figures 8, 9 and 10 respectively show schematic cross-sectional structural views of different battery cells along the direction perpendicular to the thickness provided by embodiments of the present application.
  • each electrode assembly 32 there are multiple electrode assemblies 32 , the body portion 321 of each electrode assembly 32 is generally cylindrical, and the shell 31 has a structure extending along the thickness direction X.
  • the fourth wall 316 , the two adjacent electrode assemblies 32 and the fourth wall 316 enclose a second accommodation space 30 b , and at least part of the first connecting portion 42 is accommodated in the second accommodation space 30 b .
  • the number of electrode assemblies 32 may be two or more.
  • the second accommodation space 30b may be enclosed by any two adjacent electrode assemblies 32 of the plurality of electrode assemblies 32 and the fourth wall 316 .
  • the body portion 321 of the plurality of electrode assemblies 32 is generally cylindrical, and the surface shape of the body portion 321 is within the envelope curve of a cylindrical surface.
  • the specific shape of the body portion 321 can be cylindrical or elliptical cylinder. , polygonal prism shape, or the surface of the body part 321 has both a flat part and a curved part, which can be set according to actual needs.
  • the fourth wall 316 may be a straight wall, or the fourth wall 316 may be a curved wall.
  • the second accommodation space 30b formed by two adjacent electrode terminals and the fourth wall 316 may be closed, or may have a certain opening 311a.
  • the first connecting portion 42 is disposed in the second accommodation space 30b, that is, any two adjacent electrode assemblies 32 and the fourth wall 316 are used to enclose the second accommodation space 30b, and two adjacent electrodes are used to form the second accommodation space 30b.
  • the first connecting portion 42 is provided in the space between the arcuate area of the component 32 and the fourth wall 316 , which is helpful to reduce the extra space occupied by the first connecting portion 42 in the housing 31 , thereby increasing the volumetric energy density of the battery cell 30 .
  • At least part of the orthographic projection of the first electrode terminal 33 along the thickness direction X is located within the second accommodation space 30b.
  • At least part of the first electrode terminal 33 is located in the second accommodation space 30b along the thickness direction X in orthographic projection. That is, at least part of the first electrode terminal 33 is arranged opposite to the second accommodation space 30b along the thickness direction X.
  • the accommodation space 30b is arranged in a staggered manner.
  • the first connecting portion 42 can be directly connected to the first electrode terminal 33 without having to set the first connecting portion 42 and then extend for a distance perpendicular to the thickness direction X before connecting to the first electrode terminal 33 . In this way, it is beneficial to simplify the connection structure between the first connection part 42 and the first electrode terminal 33 .
  • the first current collector 40 connects the plurality of first electrode terminals 33 .
  • the first connection part 42 can be connected to the end of the first current collecting part 40, or the first connecting part 42 can be connected to any position between the two ends of the first current collecting part 40. There is no limitation here, and it can be based on actual needs. Make your selection.
  • FIG. 11 shows a schematic structural diagram of yet another battery cell 30 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the first current collecting part 41 includes a first current collecting sub-part 411, a second current collecting sub-part 412 and a connecting sub-part 413.
  • the first The connection part 42 is connected to the connection sub-part 413, the connection sub-part 413 connects the first current collector part 411 and the second current collector part 412, the first current collector part 411 is connected to the N1 first tabs 322, and the second current collector part 412 is connected to the N1 first tabs 322.
  • the first current collecting sub-part 411, the second current collecting sub-part 412 and the connecting sub-part 413 can be integrally formed, or can be formed separately and then connected by welding, etc., and can be set according to specific requirements.
  • the plurality of electrode assemblies 32 may be arranged in a single direction, or the plurality of electrode assemblies 32 may be arranged in multiple directions, for example, the plurality of electrode assemblies 32 may be arranged in a "V" shape, etc.
  • N1 N2
  • N1 N2
  • N1 N2
  • N1 N2
  • the absolute value of the difference between N1 and N2 is 1, that is, N1 is 1 larger than N2, or N1 is 1 smaller than N2 .
  • the number of first tabs 322 connected to the first current collector part 411 and the second current collector part 412 is equal.
  • the number of first tabs 322 connected to the first current collector part 411 and the second current collector part 412 differs by one.
  • the magnitudes of the currents flowing from the first current collector part 411 and the second current collector part 412 to the connection subpart 413 on both sides of the connection sub-portion 413 are as equal as possible or have the smallest difference, which is beneficial to improving the first current collection.
  • the overall overcurrent capability of the first current collecting part 41 reduces the risk of temperature rise caused by excessive current in the first current collecting part 41 and further improves the working safety of the battery cell 30 .
  • the first connection portion 42 is provided with a fuse configured to blow when the current flowing through the fuse reaches a threshold value.
  • the cross-sectional area of the fuse portion is smaller than the cross-sectional area of other parts of the first connecting portion 42 .
  • the material of the fuse part may be different from the material of other parts of the first connecting part 42 .
  • the fuse part fuses, interrupting the connection between the first connection part 42 and the first electrode terminal 33 , causing an open circuit inside the battery cell 30 to prevent the battery cell from being broken.
  • a further temperature rise of 30° reduces the risk of temperature rise caused by excessive current in the battery cell 30 and reduces the risk of higher current flowing to other parts of the battery 10 causing a larger range of temperature rise, further increasing The working safety of the battery cells 30.
  • the first current collector 40 and the electrode assembly 32 may be spaced apart, or an insulating member may be provided between them.
  • the first current collector 40 further includes an insulating layer 44 that covers at least part of the first connecting portion 42 to insulate and isolate the first connecting portion 42 from the body portion 321 .
  • the material of the insulating layer 44 may include at least one of polypropylene, polyethylene, rubber, and other materials.
  • the insulating layer 44 can cover the portion of the first connecting portion 42 that is opposite to the body portion 321 along the thickness direction X, or the insulating layer 44 can cover the entire portion of the first connecting portion 42 along its own extension direction. Location.
  • arranging the insulating layer 44 to cover at least part of the first connecting portion 42 can reduce the risk of an electrical connection between the first connecting portion 42 and the body portion 321 of the electrode assembly 32 causing an internal short circuit in the battery cell 30 .
  • the risk of short circuit between the first connection part 42 and the housing 31 can be reduced, thereby improving the working safety of the battery cell 30 .
  • FIG. 12 shows a schematic structural diagram of yet another battery cell 30 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the first current collecting part 40 further includes a second connecting part 43 .
  • the second connecting part 43 is connected to an end of the first connecting part 42 away from the first current collecting part 41 and relative to the first connecting part 42 .
  • the first connecting part 42 is bent, and the second connecting part 43 is used to connect the first electrode terminal 33 .
  • the second connecting portion 43 can be bent relative to the first connecting portion 42 in a direction perpendicular to the thickness direction X, and connected to the first connecting portion 42 .
  • the position of the first electrode terminal 33 can be reasonably set according to the overall spatial layout of the battery cell 30, and the electrical connection between the first electrode terminal 33 and the first tab 322 can be achieved.
  • the second connection part 43 and the first electrode terminal 33 may be riveted or welded.
  • the welding operation may be performed on the second connection part 43 and the first electrode terminal 33 from the side of the first wall 313 close to the electrode assembly 32 , or by The first wall 313 performs a welding operation on the second connection portion 43 and the first electrode terminal 33 along the side away from the first electrode assembly 32 , that is, the first electrode terminal 33 and the second connection portion 43 are welded using a penetration welding process. welding.
  • the first electrode terminal 33 may be provided with a thinner thin-walled structure as a whole.
  • the first recess 33 a may be provided on the first electrode terminal 33 , and the thickness of the first recess 33 a along the thickness direction X may be smaller than the thickness of other parts of the first electrode terminal 33 .
  • the first recessed portion 33a can be provided on the side of the first electrode terminal 33 facing the electrode assembly 32, or the first recessed portion 33a can be provided on the side of the first electrode terminal 33 facing away from the electrode assembly 32, which can be done according to actual needs. Select.
  • a first recess 33 a is provided on a side of the first electrode terminal 33 away from the electrode assembly 32 .
  • the bottom wall of the first recess 33 a abuts the second connecting portion 43 and is welded to the second connecting portion 43 .
  • the penetration welding process is used to weld the first electrode terminal 33 and the second connecting portion 43 from the side of the first wall 313 away from the electrode assembly 32 .
  • Welding the first electrode terminal 33 on one side eliminates the need to bend the second connecting portion 43 , which helps reduce the space inside the housing 31 and improves the volumetric energy density of the battery cell 30 .
  • a first recess 33 a is provided on the side of the first electrode terminal 33 away from the electrode assembly 32 , and the bottom wall of the first recess 33 a abuts the second connection part 43 and is welded to the second connection part 43 .
  • the bottom wall of the first recessed portion 33 a penetrates through the bottom wall of the first electrode terminal 33 and is welded together with the second connecting portion 43 . Therefore, such an arrangement can reduce the difficulty of penetration welding and improve welding efficiency and welding quality.
  • the second electrode terminal 34 and the second tab 323 may be connected directly or through an intermediate connector. You can choose according to actual needs, there are no restrictions here.
  • FIG. 13 shows a schematic structural diagram of a battery cell omitting the electrode assembly and part of the casing provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery cell 30 further includes a second current collector 50 , at least part of the second current collector 50 is located between the second electrode terminal 34 and the second tab 323 , And used to connect the second electrode terminal 34 and the second tab 323 .
  • the second current collecting member 50 may be in a sheet shape, or may be bent or multi-folded.
  • the second electrode terminal 34 can be provided with a second recess 34a on the side away from the electrode assembly 32, and the bottom wall of the second recess 34a is in contact with the second recess 34a.
  • the two current collectors 50 are offset and welded to the second current collector 50 , that is, the second electrode terminal 34 , the second current collector 50 and the second tab 323 can be connected by penetration welding.
  • the second electrode terminal 34 can be connected to the second current collecting member 50 from the side close to the second current collecting member 50 respectively.
  • the current collector 50 and the second electrode terminal 34 are connected by welding, and the second current collector 50 and the second tab 323 are connected by welding.
  • the second current collector 50 is provided, and the second current collector 50 can be connected to multiple second tabs 323, so as to realize multiple second current collectors 323.
  • the purpose of connecting the tab 323 to the same second electrode terminal 34 is to improve the installation convenience of the battery cell 30 .
  • the second electrode terminal 34 can be positioned at a position opposite to the first wall 313 and any second tab 323, In order to facilitate the electrical connection between the second electrode terminal 34 and the second tab 323 .
  • the first electrode terminal 33 may be disposed at a position where the first wall 313 is opposite to the body part 321 , or the first electrode terminal 33 may be disposed at a misaligned position between the first wall 313 and the body part 321 . You can choose according to actual needs, and there are no restrictions here.
  • the edge of the second current collector 50 has a notch 50a, and in the thickness direction X, the first electrode terminal 33 is arranged opposite to the notch 50a.
  • the first electrode terminal 33 is arranged opposite to the notch 50a, then the projection of the first electrode terminal 33 along the thickness direction X may be located within the notch 50a, or the projection of the first electrode terminal 33 along the thickness direction overlap.
  • the notch 50 a can be used to provide the first current collecting member 40 with a path through the first current collecting member 40 .
  • Channels are provided so that the first current collecting member 40 and the second current collecting member 50 are spaced apart, thereby reducing the risk of the first current collecting member 40 and the second current collecting member 50 coming into contact and causing an internal short circuit in the battery cell 30 .
  • the notch 50a may be formed on the edge of either side of the second current collector 50.
  • the notch 50a may be formed on any adjacent edge.
  • the area between the two electrode assemblies 32 is positioned correspondingly to the position where the first electrode terminal 33 is set, so as to facilitate the connection between the first electrode terminal 33 and the first current collector 40 .
  • the size and position of the notch 50a can be reasonably set, and the position of the first electrode terminal 33 can be flexibly set, which is conducive to making full use of the space in the housing 31 and improving as much as possible.
  • the volumetric energy density of the battery cell 30 is arranged on any adjacent edge.
  • the battery 10 provided according to the embodiment of the present application includes the battery cell 30 provided in any of the above embodiments.
  • the battery 10 provided in the embodiment of the present application adopts the battery cell 30 provided in any of the above embodiments, and the first electrode terminal 33 and the second electrode terminal 34 are disposed at the same end of the battery cell 30.
  • the first electrode terminal 33 and the second electrode terminal 34 of the battery cell 30 are disposed at the same end of the battery cell 30.
  • the casing 31 of the battery cell 30 is not charged, which is beneficial to improving the working safety of the battery 10 .
  • the electrical device provided according to the embodiment of the present application includes the battery 10 provided in the above embodiment.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)

Abstract

一种电池单体(30)，包括外壳(31)、至少一个电极组件(32)、第一电极端子(33)、第二电极端子(34)和第一集流件(40)；外壳(31)包括第一壁(313)，至少一个电极组件(32)容纳于外壳(31)内，电极组件(32)包括本体部(321)、第一极耳(322)和第二极耳(323)，第一极耳(322)从本体部(321)沿第一壁(313)的厚度方向背离第一壁(313)的一端引出，第二极耳(323)从本体部(321)沿厚度方向面向第一壁(313)的一端引出；第一电极端子(33)和第二电极端子(34)均设置于第一壁(313)，第二电极端子(34)电连接于第二极耳(323)；第一集流件(40)容纳于外壳(31)内并用于电连接第一极耳(322)和第一电极端子(33)。该电池单体(30)能够提高电极组件(32)内应力的一致性，以提高电极组件(32)充放电性能的稳定性和一致性，进而提高电池单体(30)的循环寿命，同时能够提高电池单体(30)工作过程中的安全性，以及由电池单体(30)组成的电池(10)的体积能量密度。还涉及一种电池(10)及用电装置(1)。

Description

电池单体、电池以及用电装置 技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，并且更具体地，涉及一种电池单体、电池以及用电装置。
背景技术
电池广泛用于电子设备，例如手机、笔记本电脑、电瓶车、电动汽车、电动飞机、电动轮船、电动玩具汽车、电动玩具轮船、电动玩具飞机和电动工具等等。电池单体可以包括镉镍电池单体、氢镍电池单体、锂离子电池单体和二次碱性锌锰电池单体等。
在电池单体技术的发展中，除了提高电池单体的性能外，安全问题也是一个需要考虑的问题。因此，如何提高电池单体的工作安全性，是电池单体技术中一个亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
本申请提供了一种电池单体、电池以及用电装置，能够提高电池单体的工作安全性。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供一种电池单体，电池单体包括外壳、至少一个电极组件、第一电极端子、第二电极端子和第一集流件；外壳包括第一壁，至少一个电极组件容纳于外壳内，电极组件包括本体部、第一极耳和第二极耳，第一极耳从本体部沿第一壁的厚度方向背离第一壁的一端引出，第二极耳从本体部沿厚度方向面向第一壁的一端引出；第一电极端子和第二电极端子均设置于第一壁，第二电极端子电连接于第二极耳；第一集流件容纳于外壳内并用于电连接第一极耳和第一电极端子。
本申请实施例提供的电池单体，通过将第一电极端子和第二电极端子均设置于第一壁，而第一极耳和第二极耳分别设置于电极组件沿第一方向的两端，并通过第一集流件连接第一极耳和第一电极端子，以实现第一电极端子和第二电极端子均设置于电池单体的同一端，且外壳不带电的目的。如此，可以简化电池单体之间的连接结构，降低电池单体成组过程中所占用的空间，有利于提高电池单体成组后形成的电池的体积能量密度。另外，由于电池单体在工作的过程中，外壳不带电，极大地降低了相邻电池单体的外壳短路的风险，有利于提高电池单体的工作安全性。
在一些实施例中，第一集流件包括第一集流部和第一连接部，第一集流部位于第一极耳的背离本体部的一侧并连接于第一极耳，第一连接部相对于第一集流部弯折 并用于连接第一集流部和第一电极端子。如此设置，便于第一集流件连接第一极耳和第一电极端子。
在一些实施例中，第一连接部位于本体部的外侧，并与本体部并排设置。如此设置，便于根据外壳的内部空间，灵活地设置第一连接部的位置，以合理利用外壳的内部空间，有利于提高电池单体的体积能量密度。
在一些实施例中，外壳具有相交设置的第二壁和第三壁，第二壁和第三壁沿厚度方向延伸，第二壁、第三壁以及相邻电极组件围合形成第一容纳空间；第一连接部的至少部分容纳于第一容纳空间内。如此，有利于减小第一连接部额外占用外壳内的空间，进而提高电池单体的体积能量密度。
在一些实施例中，第一电极端子的至少部分沿厚度方向的正投影位于第一容纳空间内。如此，有利于简化第一连接部和第一电极端子的连接结构。
在一些实施例中，电极组件设置为多个，每个电极组件的本体部大体圆柱形，外壳具有沿厚度方向延伸的第四壁，相邻两电极组件与第四壁围合形成第二容纳空间，第一连接部的至少部分容纳于第二容纳空间内。有利于减小第一连接部额外占用外壳内的空间，进而提高电池单体的体积能量密度。
在一些实施例中，第一电极端子的至少部分沿厚度方向的正投影位于第二容纳空间内。如此，有利于简化第一连接部和第一电极端子的连接结构。
在一些实施例中，电极组件设置为N个，第一集流部包括第一集流子部、第二集流子部和连接子部，第一连接部连接于连接子部，连接子部连接第一集流子部和第二集流子部，第一集流子部与N1个第一极耳连接，第二集流子部与N2个第一极耳连接；其中，N≥2，N1≥1，N2≥1，且N、N1和N2均为正整数，N1+N2＝N，|N1-N2|≤1。如此，连接子部两侧分别由第一集流子部和第二集流子部流向连接子部的电流的大小尽可能的相等，或者相差最小，有利于提高第一集流部的整体过流能力，降低第一集流部电流过大而造成温度升高的风险，进一步提高电池单体的工作安全性。
在一些实施例中，第一连接部设有熔断部，熔断部被配置为在流经熔断部的电流达到阈值时熔断。如此，进一步提高电池单体的工作安全性。
在一些实施例中，第一集流件还包括绝缘层，绝缘层包覆第一连接部的至少部分，以将第一连接部与本体部绝缘隔离。如此设置，可以降低第一连接部和电极组件的本体部产生电连接而造成电池单体内部短路的风险，进而提高电池单体的工作安全性。
在一些实施例中，第一集流件还包括第二连接部，第二连接部连接于第一连接部远离第一集流部的一端并相对于第一连接部折弯；第二连接部用于连接第一电极端子。如此设置，可以根据电池单体的整体空间布局，合理设置第一电极端子的位置，并实现第一电极端子与第一极耳的电连接。
在一些实施例中，第一电极端子背离电极组件的一侧设有第一凹部，第一凹部的底壁与第二连接部相抵并焊接于第二连接部。如此设置，可以通过穿透焊接的工艺对第二连接部和第一电极端子进行焊接，有利于减小外壳内部的空间，提高电池单体的体积能量密度。
在一些实施例中，还包括第二集流件，至少部分位于第二电极端子和第二极耳之间并用于连接第二电极端子和第二极耳。如此，便于实现第二电极端子与第二极耳的电连接。
在一些实施例中，第二集流件的边缘具有缺口，在厚度方向上，第一电极端子与缺口相对设置。如此设置，可以通过合理设置缺口的大小和位置，灵活设置第一电极端子的位置，有利于充分利用外壳内的空间，尽可能多的提高电池单体的体积能量密度。
第二方面，本申请实施例提供一种电池，包括上述任一实施例提供的电池单体。
第三方面，本申请实施例提供一种用电装置，包括上述实施例提供的电池，电池用于提供电能。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对本申请实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本申请一实施例提供的车辆的结构示意图；
图2是本申请一实施例提供的电池的结构示意图；
图3是本申请实施例提供的电池中电池模块的结构示意图；
图4是本申请实施例提供的一种电池单体的结构示意图；
图5是本申请实施例提供的一种电池单体沿垂直于厚度方向的剖视结构示意图；
图6是本申请实施例提供的另一种电池单体沿垂直于厚度方向的剖视结构示意图；
图7是本申请实施例提供的又一种电池单体沿垂直于厚度方向的剖视结构示意图；
图8是本申请实施例提供的还一种电池单体沿垂直与厚度方向的剖视结构示意图；
图9是本申请实施例提供的再一种电池单体沿垂直与厚度方向的剖视结构示意图；
图10是本申请实施例提供的再一种电池单体沿垂直与厚度方向的剖视结构示意图；
图11是本申请实施例提供的另一种电池单体的结构示意图；
图12是本申请实施例提供的再一种电池单体的结构示意图；
图13是本申请实施例提供的电池单体省略外壳和电极组件后的结构示意图
在附图中，附图并未按照实际的比例绘制。
附图标记说明：
1、车辆；1a、马达；1b、控制器；
10、电池；11、第一箱体部；12、第二箱体部；
20、电池模块；
30、电池单体；30a、第一容纳空间；30b、第二容纳空间；30c、容置腔；
31、外壳；311、壳体；311a、开口；312、端盖；313、第一壁；314、第二壁；315、第三壁；316、第四壁；
32、电极组件；321、本体部；322、第一极耳；323、第二极耳；
33、第一电极端子；33a、第一凹部；
34、第二电极端子；34a、第二凹部；
40、第一集流件；41、第一集流部；411、第一集流子部；412、第二集流子部；413、连接子部；42、第一连接部；43、第二连接部；44、绝缘层；
50、第二集流件；50a、缺口；
X、厚度方向。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
除非另有定义，本申请所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本申请中在申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。本申请的说明书和权利要求书或上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别不同对象，而不是用于描述特定顺序或主次关系。
在本申请中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“附接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
本申请中术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，C和/或D，可以表示：单独存在C，同时存在C和D，单独存在D这三种情况。另外，本申请中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请的实施例中，相同的附图标记表示相同的部件，并且为了简洁，在不 同实施例中，省略对相同部件的详细说明。应理解，附图示出的本申请实施例中的各种部件的厚度、长宽等尺寸，以及集成装置的整体厚度、长宽等尺寸仅为示例性说明，而不应对本申请构成任何限定。
本申请中出现的“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)。
本申请中，电池单体可以包括锂离子二次电池单体、锂离子一次电池单体、锂硫电池单体、钠锂离子电池单体、钠离子电池单体或镁离子电池单体等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。电池单体可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等，本申请实施例对此也不限定。电池单体一般按封装的方式分成三种：柱形电池单体、方形电池单体和软包电池单体，本申请实施例对此也不限定。
本申请的实施例所提到的电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。例如，本申请中所提到的电池可以包括电池模块或电池包等。电池一般包括用于封装一个或多个电池单体的箱体。箱体可以避免液体或其他异物影响电池单体的充电或放电。
电池单体包括电极组件和电解液，电极组件包括正极极片、负极极片和隔离件。电池单体主要依靠金属离子在正极极片和负极极片之间移动来工作。正极极片包括正极集流体和正极活性物质层，正极活性物质层涂覆于正极集流体的表面；正极集流体包括正极集流部和凸出于正极集流部的正极凸部，正极集流部涂覆有正极活性物质层，正极凸部的至少部分未涂覆正极活性物质层，正极凸部作为正极极耳。以锂离子电池为例，正极集流体的材料可以为铝，正极活性物质层包括正极活性物质，正极活性物质可以为钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂、三元锂或锰酸锂等。负极极片包括负极集流体和负极活性物质层，负极活性物质层涂覆于负极集流体的表面；负极集流体包括负极集流部和凸出于负极集流部的负极凸部，负极集流部涂覆有负极活性物质层，负极凸部的至少部分未涂覆负极活性物质层，负极凸部作为负极极耳。负极集流体的材料可以为铜，负极活性物质层包括负极活性物质，负极活性物质可以为碳或硅等。为了保证通过大电流而不发生熔断，正极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起，负极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起。隔离件的材质可以为PP(polypropylene，聚丙烯)或PE(polyethylene，聚乙烯)等。此外，电极组件可以是卷绕式结构，也可以是叠片式结构，本申请实施例并不限于此。
发明人发现电池单体的工作安全性较低的问题后，便对电池单体的结构和组装过程进行了系统的分析和研究，结果发现，电池单体，如圆柱形电池单体通常有两种结构形式，一种为：电池单体沿轴向的一端出电极端子，工作过程中外壳带电。该电池单体虽然连接形式简单，但是，由于需要外壳需要带电，易造成安全性问题。另一种为：电池单体沿轴向的两端出电极端子，工作的过程中外壳不带电，而该种电池由于两端都有电极端子，则在安装的过程中，两端的电极端子都需要通过汇流件连接，以实现电池单体之间的串并联，而较多的汇流件，不仅会占用较多的空间，还容易引发较多的安全性问题。因此，现在技术中的电池单体，受制于自身的结构型式，造成安全性较低的问题。
基于发明人发现的上述问题，发明人对电池单体的结构进行了改进，本申请实 施例描述的技术方案适用于电池单体、包含电池单体的电池以及使用电池的用电装置。
根据本申请实施例提供的电池单体，第一极耳和第二极耳分别设置于电极组件的本体部相对的两端，第一电极端子和第二电极端子设置于电池单体的靠近第二电极端子的一端，并通过第一集流件连接第一电极端子和第一极耳。
本申请实施例提供的电池单体，可以实现电池单体从一端出两个电极端子，且壳体不带电的目的。如此，不仅能够简化电池单体之间的连接结构，降低电池单体占用的空间，且可以提高电池单体工作过程中的安全性。
用电装置可以是车辆、手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、轮船、航天器、电动玩具和电动工具等等。车辆可以是燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等；航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等；电动玩具包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等；电动工具包括金属切削电动工具、研磨电动工具、装配电动工具和铁道用电动工具，例如，电钻、电动砂轮机、电动扳手、电动螺丝刀、电锤、冲击电钻、混凝土振动器和电刨等等。本申请实施例对上述用电设备不做特殊限制。
以下实施例为了方便说明，以用电装置为车辆为例进行说明。
如图1所示，车辆1的内部设置有电池10。电池10可以设置在车辆1的底部或头部或尾部。电池10可以用于车辆1的供电，例如，电池10可以作为车辆1的操作电源。
车辆1还可以包括控制器1b和马达1a。控制器1b用来控制电池10为马达1a供电，例如，用于车辆1的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在本申请一些实施例中，电池10不仅仅可以作为车辆1的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1的驱动电源，代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气为车辆1提供驱动动力。
参见图2所示，电池10包括电池单体(图2未示出)。电池10还可以包括用于容纳电池单体的箱体。
箱体用于容纳电池单体，箱体可以是多种结构形式。在一些实施例中，箱体可以包括第一箱体部部11和第二箱体部12。第一箱体部11与第二箱体部12相互盖合。第一箱体部11和第二箱体部12共同限定出用于容纳电池单体的容纳空间。第二箱体部12可以是一端开口的空心结构，第一箱体部11为板状结构，第一箱体部11盖合于第二箱体部12的开口侧，以形成具有容纳空间的箱体；第一箱体部11和第二箱体部12也可以均为一侧开口的空心结构。第一箱体部11的开口侧盖合于第二箱体部12的开口侧，以形成具有容纳空间的箱体。当然，第一箱体部11和第二箱体部12可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。
为提高第一箱体部11和第二箱体部12连接后的密封性，第一箱体部11和第二箱体部12之间还可以设置密封件，比如，密封胶、密封圈等。
假设第一箱体部11盖合于第二箱体部12，第一箱体部11亦可称之为上箱盖，第二箱体部12亦可称之为下箱体。
在电池10中，电池单体可以是一个，也可以是多个。若电池单体为多个，多 个电池单体之间可串联或并联或混联。混联是指多个电池单体中既有串联又有并联。多个电池单体之间可直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将多个电池单体构成的整体容纳于箱体内，也可以是多个电池单体先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块20。多个电池模块20再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体内。
在一些实施例中，如图3所示，图3为图2所示的电池模块20的结构示意图。在电池模块20中，电池单体30为多个。多个电池单体30先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块20。多个电池模块20再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体内。
在一些实施例，电池模块20中的多个电池单体30之间可通过汇流部件实现电连接，以实现电池模块20中的多个电池单体30的并联或串联或混联。
请参照图4，图4为图3所示的电池单体30的爆炸示意图。
如图4所示，根据本申请实施例提供的电池单体30包括外壳31、至少一个电极组件32、第一电极端子33和第二电极端子34以及第一集流件40。外壳31包括第一壁313，至少一个电极组件32容纳于外壳31内，电极组件32包括本体部321、第一极耳322和第二极耳323，第一极耳322从本体部321沿第一壁313的厚度方向X背离第一壁313的一端引出，第二极耳323从本体部321沿第一壁313的厚度方向X面向第一壁313的一端引出。第一电极端子33和第二电极端子34均设置于第一壁313，第二电极端子34电连接于第二极耳323。第一集流件40容纳于外壳31内并用于电连接第一极耳322和第一电极端子33。
可选地，外壳31具有容置腔30c，电极组件32容纳于容置腔30c内。
在一些实施例中，外壳31可以包括壳体311和端盖312，壳体311为一侧开口的空心结构，端盖312盖合于壳体311的开口处并形成密封连接，以形成用于容纳电极组件32和电解质的密封空间。
在组装电池单体30时，可先将电极组件32放入壳体311内，再将端盖312盖合于壳体311的开口，然后经由端盖312上的电解质注入口将电解质注入壳体311内。
在一些实施例中，外壳31还可用于容纳电解质，例如电解液。外壳31可以是多种结构形式。
壳体311可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。壳体311的形状可以根据电极组件32的具体形状来确定。例如，若电极组件32为圆柱体结构，壳体311则可选用为圆柱体结构。若电极组件32为长方体结构，壳体311则可选用长方体结构。在图4中，示例性地，壳体311和电极组件32均为长方体结构。
壳体311的材质可以是多种，比如，铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金等，本申请实施例对此不作特殊限制。
可选地，外壳31沿垂直于厚度方向X的截面形状可以呈圆形、正方形、长方形或者其它不规则形状。示例性地，外壳31沿垂直于厚度方向X的截面形状既有平直的部分，又有弧形的部分，二者可以以各种形式围合形成封闭的形状。
容纳于壳体311内的电极组件32可以是一个或多个。在图4中，容纳于壳体311内的电极组件32为两个。
在一些实施例中，电极组件32还包括正极极片、负极极片和隔离件。电极组 件32可以是由正极极片、隔离件和负极极片通过卷绕形成的卷绕式结构。电极组件32也可以是由正极极片、隔离件和负极极片通过层叠布置形成的层叠式结构。
正极极片可以包括正极集流体和正极活性物质层。正极活性物质层涂覆于正极集流体的表面。负极极片可以包括负极集流体和负极极活性物质层。负极活性物质层涂覆于负极集流体的表面。隔离件在正极极片与负极极片之间，用于将正极极片与负极极片隔离，以降低正极极片与负极极片之间出现短路的风险。
其中，隔离件的材质可以为PP(polypropylene，聚丙烯)或PE(polyethylene，聚乙烯)等。
可选地，可以设置电极组件32的第一极耳322和第二极耳323中的一者为正极耳，另一者为负极耳。正极耳可以是正极集流体中未涂覆正极活性物质层的部分。负极耳可以是负极集流体中未涂覆负极活性物质层的部分。
可选地，第一壁313可以是外壳31的壳体311的一部分，也可以是外壳31的端盖312的一部分。
可选地，电池单体30的外壳31内可以设置有一个电极组件32，也可以设置两个或者更多个电极组件32，在电池单体30包括三个以上电极组件32的实施例中，多个电极组件32可以沿一个方向排布，也可以沿多个方向排布，可以根据实际需求进行设置。
第一壁313的厚度方向X可以为由第一壁313靠近电池单体30的容置腔30c的一侧垂直第一壁313的表面并指向电池单体30的外部所在的方向。
第一极耳322和第二极耳323分别从本体部321沿第一方向的两端引出，第一电极端子33和第二电极端子34则均从第一壁313引出，而电极组件32靠近第一壁313的一端设置有第二极耳322，而第一极耳323设置于电极组件32远离第一壁313的一端。因此，设置第一集流件40将第一电极端子33与第一极耳322电连接。
可选地，第一集流件40可以一体形成设置，然后弯折后一端连接于第一极耳322，另一端连接于第一电极端子33。或者第一集流件40设置为多个部分，多个部分中的两者分别与第一极耳322和第一电极端子33连接，然后上述两者可以直接连接，也可以通过中间连接件连接。第一集流件40的结构型式和形状，不做限制，只要能够实现第一极耳322和第一电极端子33的电连接即可。
可选地，第一集流件40的数量可以是一个，或者第一集流件40的数量为两个或者更多个，且不同第一集流件40可以分别连接多个电极组件32中的一部分。
在电池单体30包括多个第一集流件40的实施例中，多个第一集流体40可以与同一个第一电极端子33连接，或者，可以设置第一壁313上具有多个第一电极端子33，不同第一集流体40分别连接不同的第一电极端子33，然后在电池单体3的外部将多个第一电极端子33电连接。如此设置，可以将电池单体30内多个电极组件32的电流进行分流，提高第一集流件40的整体过流能力。
可选地，第一集流件40可以设置于电极组件32与外壳31之间，或者设置于相邻两个电极组件32之间，或者设置在多个电极组件32和外壳31围合形成的空间内，具体可以根据需要进行设置。
可选地，第一集流件40可以呈片状或者条状等结构型式。
可选地，电极组件32的本体部321可以是圆柱形，也可以是方形。电极组件32可以是叠片式电极组件32，有可以是卷绕式电极组件32。
可选地，第二电极端子34和第二极耳323可以通过中间连接件连接，也可以直接连接。
可选地，第一集流件40与第一电极端子33的连接可以是焊接或者铆接等连接方式。
可以理解的是，将第一电极端子33和第二电极端子34均设置于第一壁313，并通过第一集流件40实现第一电极端子33和第一极耳322的连接。如此，可以实现第一电极端子33和第二电极端子34设置于外壳31的同一端，且在电池单体30工作的过程中，电池单体30外壳31可以不带电。由于第一电极端子33和第二电极端子34均设置于外壳31的同一端，在电池单体30成组的过程中，可以减少用于连接电池单体30的汇流件的数量和占用的空间，降低电池单体30在成组过程中的装配难度，且成组后的电池单体30形成的电池10在工作过程中，具有更高的安全性。另外，由于电池单体30在工作的过程中，外壳31不带电，可以极大地提高电池单体30在工作过程中的安全性。
因此，本申请实施例提供的电池单体30，通过将第一电极端子33和第二电极端子34均设置于第一壁313，而第一极耳322和第二极耳323分别设置于电极组件32沿厚度方向X的两端，并通过第一集流件40连接第一极耳322和第一电极端子33，以实现第一电极端子33和第二电极端子34均设置于电池单体30的同一端，且外壳31不带电的目的。如此，可以简化相邻电池单体30之间的连接结构，降低电池单体30成组过程中所占用的空间，有利于提高电池单体30成组后形成的电池10的体积能量密度。另外，由于电池单体30在工作的过程中，外壳31不带电，极大地降低了相邻电池单体30的外壳31短路的风险，有利于提高电池单体30的工作安全性。
在一些实施例中，第一集流件40包括第一集流部41和第一连接部42，第一集流部41位于第一极耳322背离本体部321的一侧并连接于第一极耳322。第一连接部42相对于第一集流部41弯折并连接第一集流部41和第一电极端子33。
具体地，第一集流部41连接第一极耳322，在电池单体30包括多个电极组件32的实施例中，第一集流部41可以连接多个第一极耳322，并通过第一连接部42实现第一极耳322与第一电极端子33的电连接。
可选地，根据第一电极端子33相对位置的不同，第一连接部42可以沿厚度方向X延伸，并与第一电极端子33连接，或者第一连接部42的部分沿厚度方向X延伸，另一部分沿垂直于厚度方向X的方向延伸，以实现与第一电极端子33的连接。
可选地，第一连接部42沿厚度方向X延伸的部分沿垂直于厚度方向X的截面形状可以呈多边形、圆形、椭圆形、环形、弧形或者其它形状，这里不做限制，可以根据实际需求选取。
可选地，第一连接部42可以设置于本体部321的内部，也可以设置于本体部321的外侧，比如，第一连接部42套设于本体部321的外侧。
在一些实施例中，第一连接部42位于本体部321的外侧，并与本体部321并排设置。
具体地，第一连接部42位于本体部321的外侧，并与本体部321并排设置，即第一连接部42位于本体部321的部分外表面与外壳31之间，而不是套设于本体部321。
如此设置，便于根据外壳31的内部空间，灵活地设置第一连接部42的位置，以合理利用外壳31的内部空间，有利于提高电池单体30的体积能量密度。
如图5、图6和图7分别示出了本申请实施例提供的不同电池单体沿垂直于厚度方向的剖视结构示意图。
如图5、图6和图7所示，在一些实施例中，外壳31具有相交设置的第二壁314和第三壁315，第二壁314和第三壁315沿厚度方向X延伸。第二壁314、第三壁315以及相邻电极组件32围合形成第一容空间30a。第一连接部42的至少部分容纳于第一容空间30a内。
可选地，第三壁315和第二壁314可以垂直相交，或者第二壁314和第三壁315连接后形成的靠近电极组件32一侧的角可以是锐角或者钝角。
具体地，沿垂直于厚度方向X，第一容空间30a的截面可以是闭合的，也可以是具有开口311a的。将第一连接部42设置于第一容空间30a，即利用电极组件32与第二壁314和第三壁315围合形成的角落，并将第一连接部42设置于上述角落处，有利于减小第一连接部42额外占用外壳31内的空间，进而提高电池单体30的体积能量密度。
可选地，可以设置第一电极端子33的部分或者全部与第一容空间30a相对设置，或者第一电极端子33的全部与第一容空间30a交错设置，即第一电极端子33与第一容空间30a没有任何相对的部分。这里不限制第一电极端子33和第一容空间30a的相对位置，可以根据实际需求进行选取。
在一些实施例中，第一电极端子33的至少部分沿厚度方向X的正投影位于第一容空间30a内。
第一电极端子33的至少部分沿厚度方向X正投影位于第一容空间30a内，即第一电极端子33的至少部分沿厚度方向X与第一容空间30a相对设置。
可选地，沿厚度方向X，可以设置第一电极端子33的全部与第一容空间30a相对设置，或者第一电极端子33的部分与第一容空间30a相对设置，而另一部分与第一容空间30a错位设置。
可以理解的是，设置第一电极端子33与的至少部分沿厚度方向X的正投影位于第一容空间30a内，则在第一连接部42由第一集流部41向第一壁313延伸后，可以使第一连接部42与第一电极端子33直接连接，而不必在设置第一连接部42再沿垂直于厚度方向X延伸一段距离后再与第一电极端子33连接。如此，有利于简化第一连接部42和第一电极端子33的连接结构。
如图8、图9和图10分别示出了本申请实施例提供的不同电池单体沿垂直于厚度方向的剖视结构示意图。
如图8、图9和图10所示，在另一些实施例中，电极组件32设置为多个，每 个电极组件32的本体部321均大体呈圆柱形，外壳31具有沿厚度方向X延伸的第四壁316，相邻两电极组件32与第四壁316围合形成第二容纳空间30b，第一连接部42的至少部分容纳于第二容纳空间30b内。
可选地，电极组件32可以设置为两个或者更多个。第二容纳空间30b可以是多个电极组件32中任意相邻的两个电极组件32与第四壁316围合而成。
可选地，多个电极组件32的本体部321大体呈圆柱形，则本体部321的表面形状在一个圆柱形表面的包络曲面内，本体部321的具体形状可以呈圆柱形、椭圆柱形、多棱柱形，或者本体部321的表面既有平面的部分，又有弧面的部分，可以根据实际需求进行设置。
可选地，第四壁316可以为平直壁，或者第四壁316为弧形壁。
可选地，沿垂直于厚度方向X，相邻两电极端子与第四壁316围合形成的第二容纳空间30b可以为封闭的，也可以具有一定的开口311a。
可以理解的是，将第一连接部42设置于第二容纳空间30b，即利用任意相邻的两个电极组件32与第四壁316围合形成第二容纳空间30b，利用相邻两个电极组件32的弧形区域与第四壁316之间的空间，设置第一连接部42，有利于减小第一连接部42额外占用外壳31内的空间，进而提高电池单体30的体积能量密度。
可选地，沿厚度方向X，可以设置第一电极端子33与第二容纳空间30b完全错位设置，或者设置第一电极端子33的至少部分与第二容纳空间30b相对设置。
在一些实施例中，第一电极端子33的至少部分沿厚度方向X的正投影位于第二容纳空间30b内。
第一电极端子33的至少部分沿厚度方向X正投影位于第二容纳空间30b内，即第一电极端子33的至少部分沿厚度方向X与第二容纳空间30b相对设置。
可选地，沿厚度方向X，可以设置第一电极端子33的全部与第二容纳空间30b相对设置，或者第一电极端子33的部分与第二容纳空间30b相对设置，而另一部分与第二容纳空间30b错位设置。
可以理解的是，设置第一电极端子33与的至少部分沿厚度方向X的正投影位于第二容纳空间30b内，则在第一连接部42由第一集流部41向第一壁313延伸后，可以使第一连接部42与第一电极端子33直接连接，而不必在设置第一连接部42再沿垂直于厚度方向X延伸一段距离后再与第一电极端子33连接。如此，有利于简化第一连接部42和第一电极端子33的连接结构。
在电池单体30包括多个电极组件32的实施例中，第一集流件40连接多个第一电极端子33。则第一连接部42可以连接于第一集流件40的端部，或者第一连接部42连接于第一集流件40两端之间的任意位置，这里不做限制，可以根据实际需要进行选取。
如图11示出了本申请实施例提供的再一种电池单体30的结构示意图。
如图11所示，在一些实施例中，电极组件32设置为N个，第一集流部41包括第一集流子部411、第二集流子部412和连接子部413，第一连接部42连接于连接子部413，连接子部413连接第一集流子部411和第二集流子部412，第一集流子部411与 N1个第一极耳322连接，第二集流子部412与N2个第一极耳322连接；其中，N≥2，N1≥1，N2≥1，且N、N1和N2均为正整数，N1+N2＝N，|N1-N2|≤1。
可选地，第一集流子部411、第二集流子部412和连接子部413可以一体成型设置，或者可以分别成型后再通过焊接等方式连接起来，可以根据具体需求进行设置。
可选地，多个电极组件32可以沿单一的方向排布，或者多个电极组件32沿多个方向排布，比如，多个电极组件32排布呈“V”形等。
设置|N1-N2|≤1，由于N1和N2均为正整数，则N1＝N2，或者，N1与N2差值的绝对值为1，即，N1比N2大1，或者N1比N2小1。如此，在电池单体30的电极组件32的数量为偶数个的实施例中，第一集流子部411和第二集流子部412分别连接的第一极耳322的数量相等。在电池单体30的电极组件32的数量为奇数个的实施例中，第一集流子部411和第二集流子部412连接的第一极耳322的数量相差为1。
如此，连接子部413两侧分别由第一集流子部411和第二集流子部412流向连接子部413的电流的大小尽可能的相等，或者相差最小，有利于提高第一集流部41的整体过流能力，降低第一集流部41电流过大而造成温度升高的风险，进一步提高电池单体30的工作安全性。
在一些实施例中，第一连接部42设置有熔断部，熔断部被配置为在流经熔断部的电流达到阈值时熔断。
可选地，可以设置沿垂直于厚度方向X，熔断部的截面积小于第一连接部42的其它部位的截面积。或者可以设置熔断部的材料与第一连接部42的其它部分的材料不同。
具体地，在第一连接部42的电流达到阈值时，熔断部熔断，中断第一连接部42和第一电极端子33的连接，会使得该电池单体30内部产生断路，以阻止电池单体30的进一步温升，降低电池单体30内的电流过高而产生温升的风险，并降低较高的电流流向电池10内的其它部位，而引起更大范围的温升的风险，进一步提高电池单体30的工作安全性。
可选地，为了实现第一集流件40与电极组件32的绝缘设置，可以设置第一集流件40与电极组件32间隔设置，也可以在二者之间设置绝缘件。
在一些实施例中，第一集流件40还包括绝缘层44，绝缘层44包覆第一连接部42的至少部分，以将第一连接部42与本体部321绝缘隔离。
可选地，绝缘层44的材料可以包括聚丙烯、聚乙烯以及橡胶等材料中的至少一者。
可选地，绝缘层44可以包覆在第一连接部42沿垂直于厚度方向X与本体部321相对设置的部分，或者，绝缘层44包覆在第一连接部42沿自身延伸方向的全部位置。
可以理解的是，设置绝缘层44包覆第一连接部42的至少部分，可以降低第一连接部42和电极组件32的本体部321产生电连接而造成电池单体30内部短路的风险，同时可以降低第一连接部42与外壳31短路的风险，进而提高电池单体30的工作安全性。
如图12示出了本申请实施例提供的再一种电池单体30的结构示意图。
如图12所示，在一些实施例中，第一集流件40还包括第二连接部43，第二连接部43连接于第一连接部42远离第一集流部41的一端并相对于第一连接部42折弯，第二连接部43用于连接第一电极端子33。
具体地，第二连接部43可以相对于第一连接部42沿垂直于厚度方向X的方向折弯，并与第一连接部42连接。如此设置，可以根据电池单体30的整体空间布局，合理设置第一电极端子33的位置，并实现第一电极端子33与第一极耳322的电连接。
可选地，第二连接部43与第一电极端子33可以铆接连接，也可以焊接连接。在第二连接部43与第一电极端子33焊接连接的实施例中，可以由第一壁313靠近电极组件32的一侧对第二连接部43和第一电极端子33进行焊接操作，或者由第一壁313沿远离第一电极组件32的一侧对第二连接部43和第一电极端子33进行焊接操作，即采用穿透焊接的工艺对第一电极端子33和第二连接部43进行焊接。
在采用穿透焊接的工艺对第一电极端子33和第二连接部43进行焊接的实施例中，为了降低穿透焊接的难度，可以设置第一电极端子33整体为较薄的薄壁结构，或者可以在第一电极端子33上设置第一凹部33a，并设置第一凹部33a沿厚度方向X的厚度小于第一电极端子33上其它部分的厚度。
可选地，第一凹部33a可以设置在第一电极端子33面向电极组件32的一侧，或者第一凹部33a设置在第一电极端子33背离电极组件32的一侧，具体可以根据实际需要进行选取。
在一些实施例中，第一电极端子33背离电极组件32的一侧设有第一凹部33a，第一凹部33a的底壁与第二连接部43相抵并焊接于第二连接部43。
具体地，采用穿透焊接的工艺，由第一壁313远离电极组件32的一侧对第一电极端子33和第二连接部43进行焊接，相比于由第一壁313靠近电极组件32的一侧对第一电极端子33进行焊接，不必对第二连接部43进行折弯操作，从而有利于减小外壳31内部的空间，提高电池单体30的体积能量密度。
另外，设置第一电极端子33背离电极组件32的一侧设有第一凹部33a，并设置第一凹部33a的底壁与第二连接部43相抵并焊接于第二连接部43。则在穿透焊接的过程中，由第一凹部33a的底壁处穿透第一电极端子33的底壁，并与第二连接部43焊接在一起。因此，如此设置，可以降低穿透焊接的难度，提高焊接效率和焊接质量。
可选地，第二电极端子34和第二极耳323可以直接连接，或者通过中间连接件连接。可以根据实际需求进行选取，这里不做限制。
如图13示出了本申请实施例提供的一种电池单体省略电极组件和部分外壳后的结构示意图。
如图11至13所示，在一些实施例中，电池单体30还包括第二集流件50，至少部分第二集流件50位于第二电极端子34和第二极耳323之间，并用于连接第二电极端子34和第二极耳323。
可选地，第二集流件50可以呈片状，也可以呈弯折呈多折。
如图11所示，在第二集流件50呈片状的实施例中，可以设置第二电极端子34 背离电极组件32的一侧具有第二凹部34a，第二凹部34a的底壁与第二集流件50相抵并焊接于第二集流件50，即可以采用穿透焊接的方式连接第二电极端子34、第二集流件50和第二极耳323。
如图13所示，在第二集流件50弯折成多折的实施例中，由于有足够的空间，可以由第二电极端子34靠近第二集流件50的一侧分别对第二集流件50和第二电极端子34、第二集流件50和第二极耳323进行焊接连接。
可以理解的是，对于具有多个电极组件32的电池单体30，设置第二集流件50，可以使第二集流件50连接多个第二极耳323，以便于实现多个第二极耳323连接于同一个第二电极端子34的目的，提高电池单体30的安装便利性。
可以理解的是，由于第二极耳323设置于本体部321靠近第一壁313的一端，因此，可以设置第二电极端子34位于第一壁313与任一第二极耳323相对的位置，以便于实现第二电极端子34与第二极耳323的电连接。
可选地，第一电极端子33可以设置于第一壁313与本体部321相对的位置，或者第一电极端子33设置于第一壁313与本体部321错位的位置。可以根据实际需求进行选取，这里不做限定。
在一些实施例中，第二集流件50的边缘具有缺口50a，在厚度方向X上，第一电极端子33与缺口50a相对设置。
可选地，第一电极端子33与缺口50a相对设置，则第一电极端子33沿厚度方向X的投影可以位于缺口50a内，或者第一电极端子33沿厚度方向X的投影与缺口50a有部分交叠。
具体地，在将第一集流件40由第二极耳323延伸至第一电极端子33的路径上，可以利用缺口50a为第一集流件40提供一个穿过第一集流件40的通道，以使第一集流件40与第二集流件50间隔设置，降低第一集流件40与第二集流件50接触而造成电池单体30内部短路的风险。
可选地，缺口50a可以形成于第二集流件50任一侧的边缘，示例性地，在电池单体30包括多个电极组件32的实施例中，缺口50a可以形成于任意相邻的两个电极组件32之间的区域对应的位置，以对应设置第一电极端子33的位置，便于实现第一电极端子33和第一集流件40的连接。且通过在第二集流件50上设置缺口50a，可以通过合理设置缺口50a的大小和位置，灵活设置第一电极端子33的位置，有利于充分利用外壳31内的空间，尽可能多的提高电池单体30的体积能量密度。
根据本申请实施例提供的电池10，包括上述任一实施例提供的电池单体30。
本申请实施例提供的电池10，由于采用了上述任一实施例提供的电池单体30，将第一电极端子33和第二电极端子34设置于电池单体30的同一端，则在对多个电池单体30进行串并联连接的过程中，只需要通过汇流件在电池单体30的一端将电池单体30的第一电极端子33和第二电极端子34分别对应连接即可，如此，有利于降低电池单体30串联或者并联后所占用的空间，进而提高电池10的体积能量密度。另外，由于电池10在工作的过程中，电池单体30的外壳31不带电，有利于提高电池10的工作安全性。
根据本申请实施例提供的用电装置包括上述实施例提供的电池10。
本申请实施例提供的用电装置，由于采用了上述任一实施例提供的电池10，因而具有同样的技术效果，在此不再赘述。
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
最后应说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换，但这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种电池单体，包括：
    外壳，包括第一壁；
    至少一个电极组件，容纳于所述外壳内，所述电极组件包括本体部、第一极耳和第二极耳，所述第一极耳从所述本体部沿所述第一壁的厚度方向背离所述第一壁的一端引出，所述第二极耳从所述本体部沿所述厚度方向面向所述第一壁的一端引出；
    第一电极端子和第二电极端子，均设置于所述第一壁，所述第二电极端子电连接于所述第二极耳；
    第一集流件，容纳于所述外壳内并用于电连接所述第一极耳和所述第一电极端子。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一集流件包括第一集流部和第一连接部，所述第一集流部位于所述第一极耳的背离所述本体部的一侧并连接于所述第一极耳，所述第一连接部相对于所述第一集流部弯折并用于连接所述第一集流部和所述第一电极端子。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一连接部位于所述本体部的外侧，并与所述本体部并排设置。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电池单体，其中，
    所述外壳具有相交设置的第二壁和第三壁，所述第二壁和所述第三壁沿所述厚度方向延伸，所述第二壁、所述第三壁以及相邻所述电极组件围合形成第一容纳空间；
    所述第一连接部的至少部分容纳于所述第一容纳空间内。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一电极端子的至少部分沿所述厚度方向的正投影位于第一容纳空间内。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的电池单体，其中，所述电极组件设置为多个，每个所述电极组件的所述本体部均大体呈圆柱形，所述外壳具有沿所述厚度方向延伸的第四壁，相邻两所述电极组件与所述第四壁围合形成第二容纳空间，所述第一连接部的至少部分容纳于所述第二容纳空间内。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一电极端子的至少部分沿所述厚度方向的正投影位于所述第二容纳空间内。
  8. 根据权利要求2至7任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述电极组件设置为N个，所述第一集流部包括第一集流子部、第二集流子部和连接子部，所述第一连接部连接于所述连接子部，所述连接子部连接所述第一集流子部和所述第二集流子部，所述第一集流子部与N1个所述第一极耳连接，所述第二集流子部与N2个所述第一极耳连接；
    其中，N≥2，N1≥1，N2≥1，且N、N1和N2均为正整数，N1+N2＝N，|N1-N2|≤1。
  9. 根据权利要求2至8任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一连接部设有熔断部，所述熔断部被配置为在流经所述熔断部的电流达到阈值时熔断。
  10. 根据权利要求2至9任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一集流件还包括绝 缘层，所述绝缘层包覆所述第一连接部的至少部分，以将所述第一连接部与所述本体部绝缘隔离。
  11. 根据权利要求2至10任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一集流件还包括第二连接部，所述第二连接部连接于所述第一连接部远离所述第一集流部的一端并相对于所述第一连接部折弯；
    所述第二连接部用于连接所述第一电极端子。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一电极端子背离所述电极组件的一侧设有第一凹部，所述第一凹部的底壁与所述第二连接部相抵并焊接于所述第二连接部。
  13. 根据权利要求1至12任一项所述的电池单体，其中，还包括第二集流件，至少部分位于所述第二电极端子和所述第二极耳之间并用于连接所述第二电极端子和所述第二极耳。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的电池单体，其中，所述第二集流件的边缘具有缺口，在所述厚度方向上，所述第一电极端子与所述缺口相对设置。
  15. 一种电池，包括如权利要求1至14任一项所述的电池单体。
  16. 一种用电装置，包括如权利要求15所述的电池，所述电池用于提供电能。
PCT/CN2022/094968 2022-05-25 2022-05-25 电池单体、电池以及用电装置 WO2023225903A1 (zh)

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2012138284A (ja) * 2010-12-27 2012-07-19 Auto Network Gijutsu Kenkyusho:Kk 電池モジュール
CN213636220U (zh) * 2020-12-22 2021-07-06 东莞新能德科技有限公司 电池及电子装置
CN214254666U (zh) * 2020-12-31 2021-09-21 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 电极组件、电池单体、电池以及用电装置

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2012138284A (ja) * 2010-12-27 2012-07-19 Auto Network Gijutsu Kenkyusho:Kk 電池モジュール
CN213636220U (zh) * 2020-12-22 2021-07-06 东莞新能德科技有限公司 电池及电子装置
CN214254666U (zh) * 2020-12-31 2021-09-21 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 电极组件、电池单体、电池以及用电装置

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