WO2023225911A1 - 电池单体、电池以及用电装置 - Google Patents

电池单体、电池以及用电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023225911A1
WO2023225911A1 PCT/CN2022/095024 CN2022095024W WO2023225911A1 WO 2023225911 A1 WO2023225911 A1 WO 2023225911A1 CN 2022095024 W CN2022095024 W CN 2022095024W WO 2023225911 A1 WO2023225911 A1 WO 2023225911A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wall
battery cell
electrode assembly
battery
accommodation space
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PCT/CN2022/095024
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
许虎
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
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Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2022/095024 priority Critical patent/WO2023225911A1/zh
Priority to CN202280043597.0A priority patent/CN117546352A/zh
Publication of WO2023225911A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023225911A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/244—Secondary casings; Racks; Suspension devices; Carrying devices; Holders characterised by their mounting method
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery technology, and more specifically, to a battery cell, a battery and an electrical device.
  • Batteries are widely used in electronic devices, such as mobile phones, laptops, battery cars, electric cars, electric airplanes, electric ships, electric toy cars, electric toy ships, electric toy airplanes, electric tools, etc.
  • the battery cells may include cadmium-nickel battery cells, nickel-hydrogen battery cells, lithium-ion battery cells, secondary alkaline zinc-manganese battery cells, etc.
  • This application provides a battery cell, a battery and an electrical device, which can improve the working life of the battery cell.
  • a battery cell including a casing and at least one electrode assembly; the casing includes a first wall and a second wall, and the first wall and the second wall enclose a first accommodation space and at least one electrode assembly. a second accommodation space; at least one electrode assembly includes a first electrode assembly disposed in the first accommodation space; wherein the first wall is bent along the circumferential direction of the first electrode assembly, and the second wall is connected to the first wall along the circumferential direction.
  • the closed-loop virtual curved surface where the first wall is located defines a first accommodation space
  • the closed-loop virtual curved surface where the first wall is located and the second wall define at least one second accommodation space.
  • the casing includes a first wall and a second wall, and the first wall is bent along the circumferential direction of the first electrode assembly, and the first electrode assembly is disposed in the first accommodation space, so , when the battery cell shakes, the first electrode assembly tilts and is in surface contact with the first wall, which can increase the binding force of the first wall on the electrode assembly, thereby improving the stability of the overall structure of the battery cell.
  • the second accommodation space is defined by the closed-loop virtual curved surface where the first wall is located and the second wall, it is equivalent to increasing the space inside the battery cell for containing the electrolyte and the gas generated by the battery cell. Therefore, the battery cells provided by the embodiments of the present application can improve the service life of the battery cells.
  • Such an arrangement is conducive to further improving the cycle life of the battery cell while ensuring the binding force of the shell to the electrode assembly.
  • the sum of the volumes of the plurality of second accommodation spaces is smaller than the volume of the first accommodation space. In this way, it is helpful to ensure the volumetric energy density of the battery cells.
  • the sum of the volumes of the first accommodation space and the second accommodation space is V, and the volume of the second accommodation space is V1, where 0.1 ⁇ V1/V ⁇ 0.4. It is beneficial to ensure that there is enough space inside the battery cell to accommodate electrolyte and gas, and it is also beneficial to ensure that the battery cell has a high volumetric energy density.
  • At least one electrode assembly further includes at least one second electrode assembly, and the at least one second electrode assembly is accommodated in the second accommodation space. In this way, it is beneficial to increase the volumetric energy density of the battery cells.
  • the second accommodation space includes a first subspace and at least one second subspace, the first subspace is used to accommodate the second electrode assembly, and no second electrode assembly is accommodated in the second subspace;
  • the second subspace is formed by the outer surface of the second electrode assembly and the sub-wall portion of the second wall; or the second subspace is formed by the outer surface of the second electrode assembly, the closed-loop virtual surface of the first wall and the second wall.
  • the sub-wall is enclosed and formed.
  • the sum of the volumes of the first accommodation space and the second accommodation space is V, and the volume of the second subspace is V2, where 0.1 ⁇ V2/V ⁇ 0.4. It is beneficial to ensure that there is enough space inside the battery cell to accommodate electrolyte and gas, and it is also beneficial to ensure that the battery cell has a high volumetric energy density.
  • the maximum distance between the first wall and the first electrode assembly is less than the maximum distance between the second wall and the electrode assembly in a radial direction of the first electrode assembly.
  • the maximum distance between the first wall and the center of the first electrode assembly is L1
  • the maximum distance between the second wall and the center of the electrode assembly is L2
  • the first wall is bent into an arc shape, and a portion of the electrode assembly is generally cylindrical. In this way, during the shaking of the battery cell, a larger area of surface contact is formed between the first wall and the first electrode assembly, which is conducive to improving the binding force of the first wall to the electrode assembly, thereby increasing the energy consumption of the cell. working reliability and service life.
  • the central angle of the first wall ranges from 60° to 300°. It is beneficial for the first wall to provide sufficient binding force for the first electrode assembly when the battery cell is shaking.
  • the central angle of the first wall ranges from 90° to 270°. It is beneficial for the first wall to further provide sufficient binding force for the first electrode assembly when the battery cell shakes.
  • the second wall includes a plurality of straight walls arranged intersectingly. It is beneficial to enclose the closed-loop virtual curved surface where the second wall and the first wall are located to form a larger second accommodation space, thereby increasing the volume of electrolyte that the battery cell can accommodate and the volume of gas generated during the operation of the battery cell, which is beneficial to Improve the cycle life of battery cells.
  • the second wall includes an arcuate wall. Such an arrangement can still achieve the purpose of providing sufficient space for the electrolyte in the battery cell and the gas during the operation of the battery cell.
  • the battery cell further includes a first electrode terminal and a second electrode terminal;
  • the electrode assembly includes a main body, a first tab and a second tab, the first tab is electrically connected to the first electrode terminal, and the The diode tab is electrically connected to the second electrode terminal. Then, when the battery cell is working, the outer casing may not be charged, which is beneficial to further improving the cycle working life of the battery cell.
  • the housing further includes a third wall, the first wall and the second wall respectively extend along the thickness direction of the third wall, the first electrode terminal and the second electrode terminal are disposed on the third wall; the first tab The second pole is led out from an end of the main body part away from the third wall along the thickness direction, and the second tab is led out from an end of the main body part facing the third wall along the thickness direction.
  • a current collector is further included, at least partially disposed in the second accommodation space, and used to connect the first electrode terminal and the first tab.
  • a current collector is further included, at least partially disposed in the second accommodation space, and used to connect the first electrode terminal and the first tab.
  • embodiments of the present application provide a battery, including the battery cell provided in any of the above embodiments.
  • the battery provided in the embodiments of the present application uses the battery cell provided in any of the above embodiments, and therefore has the same technical effect, which will not be described again here.
  • the first wall is bent into an arc shape, and the central angle of the first wall is less than or equal to 180°; a part of the electrode assembly is generally cylindrical, and the second wall includes a flat plate opposite to the first wall.
  • Straight wall; a plurality of battery cells are arranged along a first direction to form a battery cell row, a plurality of battery cell rows are arranged along a second direction, and the second direction intersects the first direction; wherein at least some of the two adjacent rows are The first walls of the battery cell rows are arranged oppositely, and the first walls of the two opposite rows are arranged in a staggered manner along the first direction.
  • Such an arrangement is beneficial to improving the volumetric energy density of the battery.
  • the battery further includes a heat exchange member, which is used for heat exchange with the battery cells; the heat exchange member is disposed between the first walls of two adjacent rows of battery cells, and the heat exchange member includes In the first arc-shaped area and the second arc-shaped area, at least part of the first wall of one of the two adjacent rows of battery cells offsets the first arc-shaped area, and at least part of the first wall of the other row of battery cells offsets the first arc-shaped area.
  • the two arc-shaped areas offset each other. In this way, it is helpful to improve the efficiency of heat exchange between the heat exchange member and the battery cell.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an electrical device, including the battery provided in the above embodiment, and the battery is used to provide electric energy.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery module in a battery provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a battery cell provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of a battery cell provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 6 is another sectional structural schematic diagram of a battery cell provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 7 is another sectional structural schematic diagram of a battery cell provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 8 is another sectional structural schematic diagram of a battery cell provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 9 is another sectional structural schematic diagram of a battery cell provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 10 is another sectional structural schematic diagram of a battery cell provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 11 is another schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of a battery cell provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 12 is another sectional structural schematic diagram of a battery cell provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of another exploded structure of a battery cell provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 14 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery cell provided by an embodiment of the present application, with the electrode assembly and part of the casing omitted;
  • Figure 15 is another schematic structural diagram of a battery provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Vehicle 1a, motor; 1b, controller;
  • 30 Battery cell; 30a, first accommodation space; 30b, second accommodation space; 31b, first subspace; 32b, second subspace;
  • Electrode assembly 321. Main body; 322. First tab; 323. Second tab; 324. First electrode assembly; 325. Second electrode assembly;
  • X thickness direction
  • Y first direction
  • Z second direction.
  • an embodiment means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the application.
  • the appearances of this phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense.
  • connection can be a fixed connection, It can also be detachably connected or integrally connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be internal communication between two components.
  • connection can be a fixed connection
  • connection can also be detachably connected or integrally connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be internal communication between two components.
  • connection can also be detachably connected or integrally connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be internal communication between two components.
  • “Plural” appearing in this application means two or more (including two).
  • battery cells may include lithium ion secondary battery cells, lithium ion primary battery cells, lithium sulfur battery cells, sodium lithium ion battery cells, sodium ion battery cells or magnesium ion battery cells, etc.
  • the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.
  • the battery cell may be in the shape of a cylinder, a flat body, a rectangular parallelepiped or other shapes, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.
  • Battery cells are generally divided into three types according to packaging methods: cylindrical battery cells, square battery cells and soft-pack battery cells, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.
  • the battery mentioned in the embodiments of this application refers to a single physical module including one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the battery mentioned in this application may include a battery module or a battery pack.
  • Batteries generally include a box for packaging one or more battery cells. The box can prevent liquid or other foreign matter from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells.
  • the battery cell includes an electrode assembly and an electrolyte.
  • the electrode assembly includes a positive electrode piece, a negative electrode piece and a separator. Battery cells mainly rely on the movement of metal ions between the positive and negative electrodes to work.
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer, and the positive electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive electrode current collector;
  • the positive electrode current collector includes a positive electrode current collecting part and a positive electrode convex part protruding from the positive electrode current collecting part, and the positive electrode current collecting part
  • the positive electrode convex part is coated with the positive electrode active material layer, and at least part of the positive electrode convex part is not coated with the positive electrode active material layer, and the positive electrode convex part serves as the positive electrode tab.
  • the material of the cathode current collector can be aluminum, and the cathode active material layer includes cathode active materials.
  • the cathode active material can be lithium cobalt oxide, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium or lithium manganate, etc.
  • the negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer, and the negative electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the negative electrode current collector; the negative electrode current collector includes a negative electrode current collecting part and a negative electrode convex part protruding from the negative electrode current collecting part, and the negative electrode current collecting part
  • the negative electrode active material layer is coated on the negative electrode active material layer, and at least part of the negative electrode protruding part is not coated with the negative electrode active material layer, and the negative electrode protruding part serves as the negative electrode tab.
  • the negative electrode current collector may be made of copper, and the negative electrode active material layer may include a negative electrode active material.
  • the negative electrode active material may be carbon or silicon.
  • the number of positive electrode tabs is multiple and stacked together, and the number of negative electrode tabs is multiple and stacked together.
  • the material of the isolator can be PP (polypropylene, polypropylene) or PE (polyethylene, polyethylene), etc.
  • the electrode assembly may have a rolled structure or a laminated structure, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto.
  • the inventor has improved the structure of the battery cell.
  • the technical solutions described in the embodiments of the present application are applicable to battery cells, batteries containing battery cells, and electrical devices using batteries.
  • the battery cell provided according to the embodiment of the present application includes a casing and at least one electrode assembly.
  • the casing includes a first wall and a second wall, and the first wall and the second wall enclose to form a first accommodating space and at least one second accommodating space.
  • At least one electrode assembly includes a first electrode assembly disposed in the first receiving space.
  • the first wall is bent along the circumferential direction of the first electrode assembly, and the second wall is connected to one end of the first wall along the circumferential direction.
  • the closed-loop virtual curved surface where the first wall is located defines a first accommodation space
  • the closed-loop virtual curved surface where the first wall is located and the second wall define at least one second accommodation space.
  • the battery cell provided by the embodiment of the present application has a housing with a first wall and a second wall.
  • the first wall is bent along the circumferential direction of the first electrode assembly, so that when the battery cell shakes, the electrode assembly is lowered relative to the housing.
  • Electrical devices can be vehicles, cell phones, portable devices, laptops, ships, spacecraft, electric toys and power tools, etc.
  • Vehicles can be fuel vehicles, gas vehicles or new energy vehicles, and new energy vehicles can be pure electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles or extended-range vehicles, etc.
  • spacecraft include aircraft, rockets, space shuttles, spaceships, etc.
  • electric toys include fixed Type or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric ship toys and electric airplane toys, etc.
  • electric tools include metal cutting electric tools, grinding electric tools, assembly electric tools and railway electric tools, for example, Electric drills, electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators, planers and more.
  • Electric drills Electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators, planers and more.
  • the following embodiments take the electrical device as a vehicle as an example.
  • a battery 10 is provided inside the vehicle 1 .
  • the battery 10 may be disposed at the bottom, head or tail of the vehicle 1 .
  • the battery 10 may be used to power the vehicle 1 , for example, the battery 10 may serve as an operating power source for the vehicle 1 .
  • the vehicle 1 may also include a controller 1b and a motor 1a.
  • the controller 1b is used to control the battery 10 to supply power to the motor 1a, for example, for the starting, navigation and operating power requirements of the vehicle 1 when driving.
  • the battery 10 can not only be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1 , but also can be used as a driving power source for the vehicle 1 , replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1 .
  • the battery 10 includes battery cells (not shown in FIG. 2 ).
  • the battery 10 may also include a case for housing the battery cells.
  • the box is used to accommodate battery cells, and the box can be of various structural forms.
  • the case may include a first case part 11 and a second case part 12 .
  • the first box part 11 and the second box part 12 cover each other.
  • the first box part 11 and the second box part 12 jointly define an accommodation space for accommodating battery cells.
  • the second box part 12 may be a hollow structure with one end open, and the first box part 11 is a plate-like structure.
  • the first box part 11 is covered with the opening side of the second box part 12 to form a container with accommodating space.
  • Box The first box part 11 and the second box part 12 may also be hollow structures with one side open.
  • the open side of the first box part 11 is covered with the open side of the second box part 12 to form a box with an accommodation space.
  • the first box part 11 and the second box part 12 can be in various shapes, such as cylinder, rectangular parallelepiped, etc.
  • a sealing member such as sealant, sealing ring, etc., may be provided between the first box part 11 and the second box part 12 .
  • the first box part 11 can also be called an upper box cover, and the second box part 12 can also be called a lower box.
  • the battery 10 there may be one battery cell or a plurality of battery cells. If there are multiple battery cells, the multiple battery cells can be connected in series, parallel, or mixed. Hybrid connection means that multiple battery cells are connected in series and in parallel. Multiple battery cells can be directly connected in series, parallel, or mixed together, and then the whole composed of multiple battery cells can be accommodated in the box. Multiple battery cells can also be connected in series, parallel, or mixed to form a battery. Module 20. A plurality of battery modules 20 are connected in series, parallel, or mixed to form a whole, and are accommodated in the box.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the battery module 20 shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the battery module 20 has a plurality of battery cells 30 .
  • a plurality of battery cells 30 are first connected in series, parallel, or mixed to form the battery module 20 .
  • a plurality of battery modules 20 are connected in series, parallel, or mixed to form a whole, and are accommodated in the box.
  • the plurality of battery cells 30 in the battery module 20 can be electrically connected through bus components to realize parallel, series or mixed connection of the plurality of battery cells 30 in the battery module 20 .
  • FIG. 4 is an exploded schematic diagram of the battery cell 30 shown in FIG. 3 .
  • FIGS. 5 to 12 respectively show schematic cross-sectional structural views of different battery cells provided by embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cell 30 includes a housing 31 and at least one electrode assembly 32 .
  • the housing 31 includes a first wall 313 and a second wall 314.
  • the first wall 313 and the second wall 314 enclose a first accommodation space 30a and at least one second accommodation space 30b.
  • At least one electrode assembly 32 includes a first electrode assembly 324 disposed in the first receiving space 30a.
  • the first wall 313 is bent along the circumferential direction of the first electrode assembly 324, and the second wall 314 is connected to one end of the first wall 313 in the circumferential direction.
  • the closed-loop virtual curved surface where the first wall 313 is located defines the first accommodation space 30a
  • the closed-loop virtual curved surface where the first wall 313 is located and the second wall 314 define at least one second accommodation space 30b.
  • the housing 31 may include a housing 311 and an end cover 312.
  • the housing 311 is a hollow structure with an opening on one side.
  • the end cover 312 covers the opening of the housing 311 and forms a sealed connection to form a container. The sealed space between the electrode assembly 32 and the electrolyte.
  • the electrode assembly 32 When assembling the battery cell 30, the electrode assembly 32 can be first placed into the case 311, and then the end cap 312 is closed with the opening of the case 311, and then the electrolyte is injected through the electrolyte injection port on the end cap 312. inside the housing 311.
  • the housing 31 may also be used to contain an electrolyte, such as an electrolyte.
  • the housing 31 can have various structural forms.
  • the housing 311 can be made of a variety of materials, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, etc., which are not particularly limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Electrodes assemblies 32 There may be one or more electrode assemblies 32 accommodated in the housing 311 . In FIG. 4 , there is only one electrode assembly 32 accommodated in the housing 311 .
  • electrode assembly 32 also includes a positive electrode tab, a negative electrode tab, and a separator.
  • the electrode assembly 32 may be a rolled structure formed by winding a positive electrode piece, a separator, and a negative electrode piece.
  • the electrode assembly 32 may also be a stacked structure formed by a stacked arrangement of a positive electrode piece, a separator, and a negative electrode piece.
  • the positive electrode sheet may include a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer.
  • the positive active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive current collector.
  • the negative electrode sheet may include a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer.
  • the negative active material layer is coated on the surface of the negative current collector.
  • the separator is between the positive electrode piece and the negative electrode piece and is used to isolate the positive electrode piece and the negative electrode piece to reduce the risk of short circuit between the positive electrode piece and the negative electrode piece.
  • the material of the isolator may be PP (polypropylene, polypropylene) or PE (polyethylene, polyethylene), etc.
  • the tabs in the electrode assembly 32 are divided into positive electrode tabs and negative electrode tabs.
  • the positive electrode tab may be a portion of the positive electrode current collector that is not coated with the positive electrode active material layer.
  • the negative electrode tab may be a portion of the negative electrode current collector that is not coated with the negative electrode active material layer.
  • the first electrode assembly 324 may have an arcuate area, and the first wall 313 may be bent along the circumferential direction of the first electrode assembly 324 and a corresponding partial area of the arcuate area.
  • the first wall 313 is bent along the entire circumferential direction of the first electrode assembly 324 corresponding to the arcuate area.
  • the first wall 313 is bent along the circumferential direction of the first electrode assembly 324, then the minimum distance between each position of the first wall 313 and the electrode assembly 32 can be set to be equal, or each position of the first wall 313 can also be set to The minimum pitch of the electrode assemblies 32 gradually changes, etc.
  • the first wall 313 may be a part of a cylinder, that is, the radius of curvature of each position corresponding to the first wall 313 is consistent, or the first wall 313 may be part of a main body with an elliptical cross-section. In this case, The curvature radius of each position corresponding to the first wall 313 changes.
  • the corresponding central angle after the first wall 313 is bent along the circumferential direction of the electrode assembly 32 may be any value between 90° and 270°. Of course, it can also be a value greater than 270° or less than 90°.
  • the closed-loop virtual curved surface where the first wall 313 is located is a closed curved surface formed along the edge of the first wall 313 and according to the original trend of the first wall 313 .
  • the closed-loop virtual curved surface where the first wall 313 is located is the entire cylindrical structure where the first wall 313 is located.
  • the closed-loop virtual curved surface where the first wall 313 is located is a curved surface formed by the first wall 313 and the dotted line portion and is closed along the circumferential direction of the first electrode assembly 324 .
  • the second wall 314 may be an arc-shaped wall, or the second wall 314 may be a straight wall, or the second wall 314 may have both an arc-shaped portion and a straight portion.
  • the second wall 314 may be formed by a plurality of intersecting portions intersecting end to end.
  • the electrode assembly 32 may be accommodated in the second accommodation space 30b, or the electrode assembly 32 may not be accommodated in the second accommodation space 30b.
  • first wall 313 is bent along the circumferential direction of the first electrode assembly 324, when the battery cell 30 shakes, the first electrode assembly 324 inside the battery cell 30 tilts, and the first wall 313 is bent along the circumferential direction of the first electrode assembly 324.
  • the contact between at least part of 313 and the first electrode assembly 324 is in surface contact, so that the binding force of the first wall 313 on the first electrode assembly 324 can be improved.
  • the second accommodation space 30b is defined by the closed-loop virtual curved surface where the first wall 313 is located and the second wall 314, the second accommodation space 30b is not a regular space relative to the shape of the electrode assembly 32. In this way, no matter whether the electrode assembly 32 is accommodated in the second accommodation space 30b, the second accommodation space 30b always has a sub-space, which cannot be used to accommodate the electrode assembly 32, but can be used to accommodate the electrolyte and is used in the battery. During the cycle operation of the cell 30, it is used to accommodate the gas generated inside the battery cell 30.
  • the battery cell 30 provided in the embodiment of the present application has a casing 31 including a first wall 313 and a second wall 314, and the first wall 313 is bent along the circumferential direction of the first electrode assembly 324.
  • the first electrode assembly 324 is disposed on In the first accommodation space 30a, in this way, when the battery cell 30 is shaking, the first electrode assembly 324 is tilted and in surface contact with the first wall 313, which can improve the relationship between the first wall 313 and the first electrode assembly. 324, thereby improving the stability of the overall structure of the battery cell 30.
  • the second accommodation space 30b is defined by the closed-loop virtual curved surface where the first wall 313 is located and the second wall 314, it is equivalent to increasing the internal space of the battery cell 30 for containing the electrolyte and the cyclic working process of the battery cell 30.
  • the second accommodating space 30b can be used to accommodate enough electrolyte and gas. This arrangement is beneficial to the premise of ensuring the binding force of the shell 31 to the electrode assembly 32. The cycle life of the battery cell 30 is further improved.
  • the sum of the volumes of the plurality of second accommodation spaces 30b is smaller than the volume of the first accommodation space 30a.
  • the second accommodating space 30b Since there may be one second accommodating space 30b, or there may be multiple second accommodating spaces 30b, in an embodiment in which there are multiple second accommodating spaces 30b, in order to improve the internal capacity of the battery cell 30 for accommodating electrolyte and gas.
  • the total volume of the second accommodation space 30b is smaller than the volume of the first accommodation space 30a, it is beneficial to ensure the volumetric energy density of the battery cell 30.
  • the sum of the volumes of the first accommodation space 30a and the second accommodation space 30b is V, and the volume of the second accommodation space 30b is V1, where 0.1 ⁇ V1/V ⁇ 0.4.
  • V1/V can be 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 or 0.4, etc. Setting the volumes of the first accommodating space 30a and the second accommodating space 30b to meet the above relationship is conducive to ensuring that the battery cell 30 has sufficient space for accommodating the electrolyte and gas, and is also conducive to ensuring that the battery cell 30 Has a high volumetric energy density.
  • At least one electrode assembly 32 further includes at least one second electrode assembly 325, and the at least one second electrode assembly 325 is received in the second accommodation space 30b.
  • the number of the second electrode assembly 325 may be one, or the number of the second electrode assembly 325 may be multiple. In an embodiment where the number of second electrode assemblies 325 is multiple, different second electrode assemblies 325 can be accommodated in different second accommodation spaces 30b, or multiple second electrode assemblies 325 can be accommodated in the same second accommodation space 30b. Within the accommodation space 30b.
  • the specific settings can be set according to actual needs, and there are no restrictions here.
  • the structure of the second electrode assembly 325 and the structure of the first electrode assembly 324 may be the same or different, and are not limited here.
  • the electrode assembly 32 is also provided in the second accommodation space 30b, which is conducive to improving the volumetric energy density of the battery unit 30 on the premise of ensuring the space inside the battery unit 30 for accommodating electrolyte and gas. .
  • the second accommodation space 30b includes a first subspace 31b and at least one second subspace 32b.
  • the first subspace 31b is used to accommodate the second electrode assembly 325, and no second electrode assembly 325 is accommodated in the second subspace 32b. In the second subspace 32b.
  • the second accommodation space 30b includes a first sub-space 31b for accommodating the second electrode assembly 325, and a second sub-space 32b for accommodating the electrolyte and gas.
  • the number of first subspaces 31b may be one, or the number of first subspaces 31b may be multiple.
  • the number of second subspaces 32b may be one, or the number of second subspaces 32b may be multiple, and the plurality of second subspaces 32b may be arranged at intervals.
  • the plurality of second subspaces 32b are separated by the first subspace 31b.
  • the second subspace 32b may be formed by the outer surface of the second electrode assembly 325 and the second wall 314, or the second subspace 32b may be formed by the outer surface of the first electrode assembly 324 and the first wall 313.
  • the closed-loop virtual surface is formed by enclosing the sub-wall portion of the second wall 314 .
  • the second sub-space 32b is formed by the outer surface of the second electrode assembly 325 and the sub-wall portion of the second wall 314.
  • the sub-wall portion of the second wall 314 may be a part of the second wall 314 .
  • the sub-wall portion of the second wall 314 is a portion closer to the surface of the second electrode assembly 325 .
  • the outer surface of the second electrode assembly 325 used to enclose the second sub-space 32b can be specifically the portion of the second electrode assembly 325 that is opposite to the sub-wall portion of the second wall 314, then the second sub-space 32b is The portion of the second electrode assembly 325 that is opposite to the sub-wall portion of the second wall 314 extends virtually toward the sub-wall portion of the second wall 314 and is collectively enclosed with the sub-wall portion of the second wall 314 .
  • the second subspace 32b is located on the side of the first subspace 31b away from the first accommodation space 30a.
  • the second subspace 32b is formed by the outer surface of the second electrode assembly 325 , the closed loop virtual surface where the first wall 313 is located, and the subwall portion of the second wall 314 .
  • the sub-wall part of the second wall 314 may be a part of the second wall 314 adjacent to the first wall 313.
  • the outer surface of the second electrode assembly 325 used to enclose the second sub-space 32b may be a portion between the second electrode assembly 325 and the first wall 313.
  • the portion adjacent to the first electrode assembly 324 and the second subspace 32b may be composed of the closed-loop virtual surface where the first wall 313 is located, a portion of the second wall 314 adjacent to the first wall 313, and the second electrode assembly 325 and the first electrode assembly.
  • the adjacent portion 324 extends toward the second wall 314 to form a closed space.
  • the second subspace 32b is located between the first accommodation space 30a and the first subspace 31b.
  • the sum of the volumes of the first accommodation space 30a and the second accommodation space 30b is V, and the volume of the second subspace 32b is V2.
  • the volume of the second subspace 32b is the volume in the second accommodation space 30b used to accommodate the electrode liquid and the gas generated by the battery cell 30.
  • V2/V can be 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 or 0.4, etc. Setting the volumes of the second subspace 32b, the first accommodating space 30a and the second accommodating space 30b to meet the above relationship is beneficial to ensuring that there is enough space inside the battery cell 30 to accommodate the electrolyte and gas. This is beneficial to ensuring that the battery cell 30 has a high volumetric energy density.
  • the maximum distance between the first wall 313 and the first electrode assembly 324 is less than the maximum distance between the second wall 314 and the electrode assembly 32 .
  • the distance between the first wall 313 and the first electrode assembly 324 is the minimum distance from each point on the first wall 313 to the first electrode assembly 324. Since each point on the first wall 313 is separated from the first electrode assembly 324, The distances between the first wall 313 and the first electrode assembly 324 are different, and the maximum distance between the first wall 313 and the first electrode assembly 324 can be the maximum distance between each point on the first wall 313 and the first electrode assembly 324 .
  • the distance between the second wall 314 and the electrode assembly 32 may be the minimum distance between each point on the second wall 314 and the nearest electrode assembly 32, which may be the distance between the second wall 314 and the first electrode assembly 324, or The distance between the second wall 314 and the second electrode assembly 325 needs to be specifically determined according to the arrangement of the electrode assemblies 32 inside the battery cell 30 .
  • the maximum distance between the second wall 314 and the electrode assembly 32 is the maximum distance between each point on the second wall 314 and the electrode assembly 32,
  • the maximum distance between the first wall 313 and the center of the first electrode assembly 324 is L1
  • the maximum distance between the second wall 314 and the center of the electrode assembly 32 is L2
  • L2/L1 can be 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4 or wait.
  • the first wall 313 is bent into an arc shape, and a portion of the electrode assembly 32 is generally cylindrical.
  • first wall 313 is bent into an arc shape, so the radius of curvature of the first wall 313 is the same everywhere, and the distance from each position on the first wall 313 to the first electrode assembly 324 is approximately the same. In this way, when the battery cell is During the shaking process of 30, a larger area of surface contact is formed between the first wall 313 and the first electrode assembly 324, which is conducive to improving the binding force of the first wall 313 to the first electrode assembly 324, thereby improving the battery cell 30 working reliability and service life.
  • the central angle of the first wall 313 is 60° ⁇ 300°.
  • the central angle of the first wall 313 is the central angle of the arc corresponding to the cross section of the first wall 313 .
  • the central angle of the first wall 313 may be 60°, 90°, 120°, 150°, 180°, 210°, 240°, 270° or 300°, etc.
  • the central angle of the first wall 313 is 90° ⁇ 270°.
  • the central angle of the first wall 313 may be 90°, 120°, 150°, 180°, 210°, 240°, or 270°, etc.
  • the second wall 314 includes a plurality of straight walls disposed intersectingly.
  • the second wall 314 may include two or three equal straight walls, and the sizes of different straight walls may be equal or unequal.
  • the included angle of the plurality of straight walls may be a right angle, or the included angle of the plurality of straight walls facing the electrode assembly 32 may be an obtuse angle.
  • the second wall 314 is conducive to forming a larger second accommodation space 30b by enclosing the closed-loop virtual curved surface where the second wall 314 and the first wall 313 are located, thereby improving the storage capacity of the battery cells.
  • the volume of electrolyte and gas generated during operation of the battery cell 30 that can be accommodated by the body 30 is beneficial to improving the cycle life of the battery cell 30 .
  • the second wall 314 includes an arcuate wall.
  • the second wall 314 includes an arc-shaped wall, and the curvature radii of the arc-shaped wall of the second wall 314 are substantially equal at all locations. Then the second wall 314 can be arc-shaped as a whole, or a portion of the second wall 314 can be arc-shaped. It can be understood that in an embodiment in which both the first wall 313 and the second wall 314 are arc-shaped, The first wall 313 and the second wall 314 are configured to have different corresponding curvature radii, so that the closed-loop virtual curved surface where the first wall 313 is located and the second wall 314 enclose the second accommodation space 30b. Such an arrangement can still achieve the purpose of providing sufficient space for the electrolyte in the battery cell 30 and the gas during the operation of the battery cell 30 .
  • FIG. 12 shows another exploded structural diagram of the battery cell 30 provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery cell 30 further includes a first electrode terminal 33 and a second electrode terminal 34 .
  • the battery cell 30 includes a main body 321 , a first tab 322 and a second tab 323 .
  • the first tab 322 is electrically connected to the first electrode terminal 33
  • the second tab 323 is electrically connected to the second electrode terminal 34 .
  • first tab 322 can be set as a positive tab and the second tab 323 can be a negative tab, or the first tab 322 can be set as a negative tab and the second tab 323 can be set as a positive tab.
  • first electrode terminal 33 and the second electrode terminal 34 may be provided at opposite ends of the housing 31 along the axial direction of the main body 321 , or the first electrode terminal 33 and the second electrode terminal 34 may be provided at two ends of the housing 31 along the main body. The same end of the portion 321 in the axial direction.
  • the casing 31 may not be charged during operation of the battery cell 30, which is beneficial to further improving the cycle working life of the battery cell 30.
  • the housing 31 further includes a third wall 315.
  • the first wall 313 and the second wall 314 respectively extend along the thickness direction X of the third wall 315.
  • the first electrode terminal 33 and the second electrode terminal 34 are disposed on Third wall 315.
  • the first tab 322 is led out from an end of the main body 321 away from the third wall 315 along the thickness direction X
  • the second tab 323 is led out from an end of the main body 321 facing the third wall 315 along the thickness direction X.
  • the first electrode terminal 33 and the second electrode terminal 34 are both disposed on the first wall 313
  • the first tabs 322 and the second tabs 323 are disposed on both ends of the main body 321 along the thickness direction X
  • the first pole The ear 322 is provided at an end of the main body portion 321 away from the first wall 313 along the thickness direction X. In this way, the first electrode terminal 33 and the positive electrode piece can be connected through the conductive member.
  • the conductive member connecting the first electrode terminal 33 and the positive electrode piece can be disposed inside the electrode assembly 32 or outside the electrode assembly 32, and can be disposed as needed.
  • both the first electrode terminal 33 and the second electrode terminal 34 are disposed on the third wall 315, then the other end of the battery cell 30 opposite to the third wall 315 along the thickness direction X does not need to be provided with a first electrode terminal. 33 or the second electrode terminal 34.
  • the number and occupied volume of the busbars can be reduced.
  • the casing 31 may not be charged, which improves the working safety of the battery cell 30 and at the same time increases the volumetric energy density of the battery 10 .
  • the battery cell 30 further includes a current collector 35 , at least partially disposed in the second accommodation space 30 b and used to connect the first electrode terminal 33 and the first tab 322 .
  • the current collector 35 is connected to the first tabs 322 of the plurality of electrode assemblies 32 and is connected to the first electrode terminal 33 .
  • the second accommodation space 30b is used to dispose the current collector 35 to facilitate the connection between the first electrode terminal 33 and the first tab 322. Since the second accommodating space 30b is an irregular space, the second accommodating space 30b can be used to reasonably set the position of the current collector 35 to ensure that the battery cell 30 still has a high volumetric energy density after the current collector 35 is installed. .
  • the cross-sectional shape of the current collector 35 perpendicular to the thickness direction X may be circular, rectangular, elliptical, annular or arc-shaped, etc.
  • the current collector 35 and the first electrode terminal 33 may be connected by welding or riveting.
  • a first recess 33a may be provided on the side of the first electrode terminal 33 away from the electrode assembly 32.
  • the bottom wall of the first recess 33a is in contact with the chicken fillet. 35 offset and welded to the current collector 35 .
  • penetration welding can be used to connect the current collector 35 and the first tab 322 from the side of the third wall 315 away from the electrode assembly 32 through the first electrode terminal 33 .
  • the second tab 323 and the second electrode terminal 34 can be directly connected.
  • the second tab 323 and the second electrode terminal 34 can be directly connected.
  • the second electrode terminal 34 may be directly connected by welding.
  • the second tab 323 and the second electrode terminal 34 are connected through an intermediate connector.
  • the battery cell 30 further includes an adapter 36 that connects the second electrode terminal 34 and the second tab 323 .
  • the adapter 36 may be in a sheet shape, or may be bent or multi-folded.
  • the second electrode terminal 34 can be provided with a second recess 34 a on the side facing away from the electrode assembly 32 , and the bottom wall of the second recess 34 a is in contact with the adapter. 36 are offset and welded to the adapter 36 , that is, the second electrode terminal 34 , the adapter 36 and the second tab 323 can be connected by penetration welding.
  • the side of the second electrode terminal 34 close to the adapter 36 can be used to connect the adapter 36 and the second electrode terminal 36 respectively.
  • the two electrode terminals 34, the adapter 36 and the second tab 323 are connected by welding.
  • an adapter 36 is provided, and multiple second tabs 323 can be connected through the adapter 36 to facilitate the connection of the multiple second tabs 323.
  • the purpose of using the same second electrode terminal 34 is to improve the installation convenience of the battery cell 30 .
  • the second electrode terminal 34 can be positioned at a position opposite to the third wall 315 and any second tab 323. In order to facilitate the electrical connection between the second electrode terminal 34 and the second tab 323 .
  • the battery 10 provided according to the embodiment of the present application includes the battery cell 30 provided in any of the above embodiments.
  • the battery 10 provided in the embodiment of the present application uses the battery cell 30 provided in any of the above embodiments, and therefore has the same technical effect, which will not be described again here.
  • FIG. 13 shows another schematic structural diagram of the battery 10 provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • the first wall 313 is bent into an arc shape, and the central angle of the first wall 313 is less than or equal to 180°, a part of the electrode assembly 32 is generally cylindrical, and the second wall 314 includes a straight wall disposed opposite the first wall 313 .
  • the plurality of battery cells 30 are arranged along the first direction Y to form the battery cell row 40 .
  • the plurality of battery cells 40 are arranged along the second direction Z.
  • the second direction Z intersects the first direction Y. At least part of the first walls 313 of two adjacent rows of battery cells 40 are arranged oppositely, and the first walls 313 of the two opposite rows are arranged in a staggered manner along the first direction Y.
  • the angle between the second direction Z and the first direction Y may be an acute angle, an obtuse angle or a right angle.
  • the first direction Y and the second direction Z are perpendicular to each other.
  • the first walls 313 of each two adjacent columns of battery cells 40 can be oriented in opposite directions, so that the first walls 313 of each column of battery cells 40 are adjacent to those of another column of battery cells.
  • the first wall 313 of the body column 40 is arranged opposite thereto. It is also possible to set the first walls 313 of some adjacent battery cell rows 40 in opposite directions, so that at least part of the first walls 313 of two adjacent battery cell rows 40 are arranged oppositely.
  • the straight walls of the second walls 314 of two adjacent rows of battery cells 40 are arranged opposite each other, it is beneficial to reduce the number of adjacent rows of battery cells 40 during the arrangement of the battery cells 30 . the gap between.
  • the first walls 313 of at least partially adjacent two rows of battery cells 40 are arranged opposite each other. Since the first wall 313 is arc-shaped, and the two opposite rows of first walls 313 are arranged in a staggered manner along the first direction Y.
  • the cloth is also beneficial to reducing the gap between two adjacent rows of battery cells 40 . Therefore, such an arrangement is beneficial to improving the volumetric energy density of the battery 10 .
  • the battery 10 further includes a heat exchange member for performing heat exchange with the battery cells 30 .
  • the heat exchange member is disposed between the first walls 313 of two adjacent rows of battery cells 40.
  • the heat exchange member includes a first arc-shaped area and a second arc-shaped area.
  • One of the two adjacent rows of battery cells 40 At least part of the first wall 313 of the first wall 313 offsets the first arcuate area, and at least part of the first wall 313 of the other one offsets the second arcuate area.
  • the shapes of the first walls 313 of one row of battery cells 40 in the first arc-shaped area are adapted to each other, and the shapes of the first walls 313 of the other row of battery cells 30 adjacent to the second arc-shaped area are adapted to each other.
  • the heat exchange member can be in surface contact with the first walls 313 of two adjacent rows of battery cells 40 , which is beneficial to improving the efficiency of heat exchange between the heat exchange member and the battery cells 30 .
  • the electrical device provided according to the embodiment of the present application includes the battery 10 provided in any of the above embodiments, and the battery 10 is used to provide electric energy.

Abstract

本申请提供一种电池单体、电池以及用电装置，电池单体包括外壳和至少一个电极组件；外壳包括第一壁和第二壁，第一壁和第二壁围合形成第一容纳空间和至少一个第二容纳空间；至少一个电极组件包括设置于第一容纳空间内的第一电极组件；其中，第一壁沿第一电极组件的周向弯折设置，第二壁连接于第一壁沿周向的一端，第一壁所在的闭环虚拟曲面限定出第一容纳空间，第一壁所在的闭环虚拟曲面与第二壁限定出至少一个第二容纳空间。本申请实施例提供的电池单体在保证电池单体整体结构稳定性的同时，增加了电池单体内用于容纳电解液和电池单体产生的气体的空间，有利于提高电池单体的使用寿命。

Description

电池单体、电池以及用电装置 技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，并且更具体地，涉及一种电池单体、电池以及用电装置。
背景技术
电池广泛用于电子设备，例如手机、笔记本电脑、电瓶车、电动汽车、电动飞机、电动轮船、电动玩具汽车、电动玩具轮船、电动玩具飞机和电动工具等等。电池单体可以包括镉镍电池单体、氢镍电池单体、锂离子电池单体和二次碱性锌锰电池单体等。
在电池单体技术的发展中，除了提高电池单体的性能外，除了提高电池单体的性能外，寿命问题也是一个需要考虑的问题。因此，如何提高电池单体的寿命，是电池单体技术中一个亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
本申请提供了一种电池单体、电池以及用电装置，能够提高电池单体的工作寿命。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供一种电池单体包括外壳和至少一个电极组件；外壳，包括第一壁和第二壁，第一壁和第二壁围合形成第一容纳空间和至少一个第二容纳空间；至少一个电极组件包括设置于第一容纳空间内的第一电极组件；其中，第一壁沿第一电极组件的周向弯折设置，第二壁连接于第一壁沿周向的一端，第一壁所在的闭环虚拟曲面限定出第一容纳空间，第一壁所在的闭环虚拟曲面与第二壁限定出至少一个第二容纳空间。
本申请实施例提供的电池单体，通过设置外壳包括第一壁和第二壁，并设置第一壁沿第一电极组件的周向弯折设置，第一电极组件设置于第一容纳空间内，如此，在电池单体发生晃动的过程中，第一电极组件产生倾斜，与第一壁的接触呈面接触，可以提高第一壁对电极组件的约束力，进而提高电池单体整体结构的稳定性。另外，由于第二容纳空间是由第一壁所在的闭环虚拟曲面与第二壁限定出的，相当于增加了电池单体内部用于容纳电解液和电池单体所产生的气体的空间。因此，本申请实施例提供的电池单体能够提高电池单体的使用寿命。
在一些实施例中，第二容纳空间为多个，且没有电极组件容纳于第二容纳空间中。如此设置，在保证外壳对电极组件的束缚力的前提下，有利于进一步提高电池单 体的循环寿命。
在一些实施例中，多个第二容纳空间的体积之和小于第一容纳空间的体积。如此，有利于保证电池单体的体积能量密度。
在一些实施例中，第一容纳空间和第二容纳空间的体积之和为V，第二容纳空间的体积为V1，其中，0.1≤V1/V≤0.4。有利于在保证电池单体内部具有足够用于容纳电解液和气体的空间的前提下，也有利于保证电池单体具有较高的体积能量密度。
在一些实施例中，至少一个电极组件还包括至少一个第二电极组件，至少一个第二电极组件容纳于第二容纳空间中。如此，有利于提高电池单体的体积能量密度。
在一些实施例中，第二容纳空间包括第一子空间和至少一个第二子空间，第一子空间用于容纳第二电极组件，且没有第二电极组件容纳于第二子空间中；第二子空间由第二电极组件的外表面与第二壁的子壁部围合形成；或者第二子空间由第二电极组件的外表面、第一壁所在的闭环虚拟表面与第二壁的子壁部围合形成。如此设置，依然能够达到提高电池单体内用于容纳电解液和气体的空间的目的。
在一些实施例中，第一容纳空间和第二容纳空间的体积之和为V，第二子空间的体积为V2，中，0.1≤V2/V≤0.4。有利于在保证电池单体内部具有足够用于容纳电解液和气体的空间的前提下，也有利于保证电池单体具有较高的体积能量密度。
在一些实施例中，在第一电极组件的径向上，第一壁与第一电极组件的最大间距小于第二壁与电极组件的最大间距。如此设置，便于在电池单体内部形成用于电解液和电池单体工作过程中产生的气体的空间，以提高电池单体的循环寿命。
在一些实施例中，在径向上，第一壁与第一电极组件的中心的最大间距为L1，第二壁与电极组件的中心的最大间距为L2，其中，
Figure PCTCN2022095024-appb-000001
如此设置，在保证第二容纳空间具有足够的空间以容纳电解液和电池单体工作过程中产生的气体的前提下，也可以降低第二壁与电极组件的间距过大而造成电池单体的体积能量密度较低的风险。
在一些实施例中，第一壁弯折为圆弧形，电极组件的一部分大体呈圆柱形。如此，在电池单体发生晃动的过程中，第一壁与第一电极组件之间形成更大面积的面接触，有利于提高第一壁对电极组件的束缚力，进而提高点吃的单体的工作可靠性和使用寿命。
在一些实施例中，第一壁的圆心角为60°～300°。有利于电池单体在晃动的过程中，第一壁为第一电极组件提供足够的束缚力。
在一些实施例中，第一壁的圆心角为90°～270°。有利于在电池单体发生晃动时，第一壁进一步为第一电极组件提供足够的束缚力。
在一些实施例中，第二壁包括多个平直壁，多个平直壁相交设置。有利于使第二壁与第一壁所在的闭环虚拟曲面围合形成较大的第二容纳空间，进而提高电池单体可容纳的电解液和电池单体工作过程中产生气体的体积，有利于提高电池单体的循环寿命。
在一些实施例中，第二壁包括圆弧形壁。如此设置，依然能够达到为电池单体内的电解液和电池单体工作过程中的气体提供足够的空间的目的。
在一些实施例中，电池单体还包括第一电极端子和第二电极端子；电极组件包括主体部、第一极耳和第二极耳，第一极耳与第一电极端子电连接，第二极耳与第二电极端子电连接。则电池单体在工作的过程中，外壳可以不带电，有利于进一步提高电池单体的循环工作寿命。
在一些实施例中，外壳还包括第三壁，第一壁和第二壁分别沿第三壁的厚度方向延伸设置，第一电极端子和第二电极端子设置于第三壁；第一极耳由主体部沿厚度方向背离第三壁的一端引出，第二极耳由主体部沿厚度方向面向第三壁的一端引出。如此，有利于提高电池单体所组成的电池的体积能量密度和电池单体的工作安全性。
在一些实施例中，还包括集流件，至少部分设置于第二容纳空间中，并用于连接第一电极端子和第一极耳。如此设置，便于实现第一电极端子和第一极耳的连接，且可以利用第二容纳空间合理设置集流件的位置，以保证设置集流件后电池单体依然具有较高的体积能量密度。
第二方面，本申请实施例提供一种电池，包括上述任一实施例提供的电池单体。
本申请实施例提供的电池，由于采用了上述任一实施例提供的电池单体，因而具有同样的技术效果，在此不再赘述。
在一些实施例中，第一壁弯折为圆弧形，且第一壁的圆心角小于或者等于180°；电极组件的一部分大体呈圆柱形，第二壁包括与第一壁相对设置的平直壁；多个电池单体沿第一方向排布形成电池单体列，多个电池单体列沿第二方向排布，第二方向与第一方向相交；其中，至少部分相邻两列电池单体列的第一壁相对设置，且相对设置的两列第一壁沿第一方向错位排布。如此设置，有利于提高电池的体积能量密度。
在一些实施例中，电池还包括热交换件，热交换件用于与电池单体进行热交换；热交换件设置于相邻两列电池单体列的第一壁之间，热交换件包括第一弧形区和第二弧形区，相邻两列电池单体列中一者的第一壁的至少部分与第一弧形区相抵，另一者的第一壁的至少部分与第二弧形区相抵。如此，有利于提高热交换件与电池单体之间的热交换的效率。
第三方面，本申请实施例提供一种用电装置，包括上述实施例提供的电池，电池用于提供电能。
本申请实施例提供的用电装置，由于采用了上述任意实施例提供的电池，因而具有同样的技术效果，在此不再赘述。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对本申请实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本申请实施例提供的车辆的结构示意图；
图2是本申请实施例提供的电池的结构示意图；
图3是本申请实施例提供的电池中电池模块的结构示意图；
图4是本申请实施例提供的电池单体的一种爆炸结构示意图；
图5是本申请实施例提供的电池单体的一种剖视结构示意图；
图6是本申请实施例提供的电池单体的另一种剖视结构示意图；
图7是本申请实施例提供的电池单体的又一种剖视结构示意图；
图8是本申请实施例提供的电池单体的还一种剖视结构示意图；
图9是本申请实施例提供的电池单体的再一种剖视结构示意图；
图10是本申请实施例提供的电池单体的再一种剖视结构示意图；
图11是本申请实施例提供的电池单体的再一种剖视结构示意图；
图12是本申请实施例提供的电池单体的再一种剖视结构示意图；
图13是本申请实施例提供的电池单体的另一种爆炸结构示意图；
图14是本申请实施例提供的电池单体省略电极组件和部分外壳后的结构示意图；
图15是本申请实施例提供的电池的另一种结构示意图。
在附图中，附图并未按照实际的比例绘制。
附图标记说明：
1、车辆；1a、马达；1b、控制器；
10、电池；11、第一箱体部；12、第二箱体部；
20、电池模块；
30、电池单体；30a、第一容纳空间；30b、第二容纳空间；31b、第一子空间；32b、第二子空间；
31、外壳；311、壳体；312、端盖；313、第一壁；314、第二壁；315、第三壁；
32、电极组件；321、主体部；322、第一极耳；323、第二极耳；324、第一电极组件；325、第二电极组件；
33、第一电极端子；33a、第一凹部；34、第二电极端子；34a、第二凹部；35、集流件；36、转接件；
40、电池单体列；
X、厚度方向；Y、第一方向；Z、第二方向。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
除非另有定义，本申请所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本申请中在申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。本申请的说明书和权利要求书或上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别不同对象，而不是用于描述特定顺序或主次关系。
在本申请中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“附接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
本申请中术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，C和/或D，可以表示：单独存在C，同时存在C和D，单独存在D这三种情况。另外，本申请中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请的实施例中，相同的附图标记表示相同的部件，并且为了简洁，在不同实施例中，省略对相同部件的详细说明。应理解，附图示出的本申请实施例中的各种部件的厚度、长宽等尺寸，以及集成装置的整体厚度、长宽等尺寸仅为示例性说明，而不应对本申请构成任何限定。
本申请中出现的“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)。
本申请中，电池单体可以包括锂离子二次电池单体、锂离子一次电池单体、锂硫电池单体、钠锂离子电池单体、钠离子电池单体或镁离子电池单体等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。电池单体可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等，本申请实施例对此也不限定。电池单体一般按封装的方式分成三种：柱形电池单体、方形电池单体和软包电池单体，本申请实施例对此也不限定。
本申请的实施例所提到的电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。例如，本申请中所提到的电池可以包括电池模块或电池包等。电池一般包括用于封装一个或多个电池单体的箱体。箱体可以避免液体或其他异物影响电池单体的充电或放电。
电池单体包括电极组件和电解液，电极组件包括正极极片、负极极片和隔离件。电池单体主要依靠金属离子在正极极片和负极极片之间移动来工作。正极极片包括正极集流体和正极活性物质层，正极活性物质层涂覆于正极集流体的表面；正极集流体包括正极集流部和凸出于正极集流部的正极凸部，正极集流部涂覆有正极活性物质层，正极凸部的至少部分未涂覆正极活性物质层，正极凸部作为正极极耳。以锂离子电池为例，正极集流体的材料可以为铝，正极活性物质层包括正极活性物质，正极活性物质可以为钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂、三元锂或锰酸锂等。负极极片包括负极集流体和负极活 性物质层，负极活性物质层涂覆于负极集流体的表面；负极集流体包括负极集流部和凸出于负极集流部的负极凸部，负极集流部涂覆有负极活性物质层，负极凸部的至少部分未涂覆负极活性物质层，负极凸部作为负极极耳。负极集流体的材料可以为铜，负极活性物质层包括负极活性物质，负极活性物质可以为碳或硅等。为了保证通过大电流而不发生熔断，正极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起，负极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起。隔离件的材质可以为PP(polypropylene，聚丙烯)或PE(polyethylene，聚乙烯)等。此外，电极组件可以是卷绕式结构，也可以是叠片式结构，本申请实施例并不限于此。
发明人发现电池单体的工作寿命较低的问题后，便对电池单体的结构和工作过程进行了系统的分析和研究，结果发现，对于存在弧形区的电极组件，如果采用方形外壳，则方形外壳与电极组件的弧形区的接触为线接触，在电池单体发生晃动等工况下，由于外壳与电极组件的弧形区大致呈线接触，外壳对弧形区的束缚力不足，易导致电极组件相对外壳发生晃动，如此，易导致电池单体的寿命降低。而如果采用圆柱形外壳，由于外壳与电极组件的间隙较小，外壳内可容纳的电解液的容量较少，且随着电池单体的循环充放电次数的增加，电池单体内部逐渐产生越来越多的气体，而由于外壳内的间隙较少，能够容纳的气体的体积也较少，如此，也会降低电池单体的循环寿命。因此，不论是方形外壳和圆柱形外壳，都会影响电池单体的循环寿命。
基于发明人发现的上述问题，发明人对电池单体的结构进行了改进，本申请实施例描述的技术方案适用于电池单体、包含电池单体的电池以及使用电池的用电装置。
根据本申请实施例提供的电池单体包括外壳和至少一个电极组件，外壳包括第一壁和第二壁，第一壁和第二壁围合形成第一容纳空间和至少一个第二容纳空间。至少一个电极组件包括设置于第一容纳空间内的第一电极组件。第一壁沿第一电极组件的周向弯折设置，第二壁连接于第一壁沿周向的一端。第一壁所在的闭环虚拟曲面限定出第一容纳空间，第一壁所在的闭环虚拟曲面与第二壁限定出至少一个第二容纳空间。
本申请实施例提供的电池单体，由于设置外壳具有第一壁和第二壁，其中第一壁沿第一电极组件的周向弯折设置，以在电池单体发生晃动时，降低电极组件相对外壳产生错位的风险，而通过设置第二容纳空间，为外壳内的电解液以及电池单体循环工作过程中产生的气体提供足够的空间。因此，本申请实施例提供的电池单体能够提高电池单体的工作寿命。
用电装置可以是车辆、手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、轮船、航天器、电动玩具和电动工具等等。车辆可以是燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等；航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等；电动玩具包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等；电动工具包括金属切削电动工具、研磨电动工具、装配电动工具和铁道用电动工具，例如，电钻、电动砂轮机、电动扳手、电动螺丝刀、电锤、冲击电钻、混凝土振动器和电刨等等。本申请实施例对上述用电设备不做特殊限制。
以下实施例为了方便说明，以用电装置为车辆为例进行说明。
如图1所示，车辆1的内部设置有电池10。电池10可以设置在车辆1的底部或头部或尾部。电池10可以用于车辆1的供电，例如，电池10可以作为车辆1的操作电源。
车辆1还可以包括控制器1b和马达1a。控制器1b用来控制电池10为马达1a供电，例如，用于车辆1的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在本申请一些实施例中，电池10不仅仅可以作为车辆1的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1的驱动电源，代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气为车辆1提供驱动动力。
参见图2所示，电池10包括电池单体(图2未示出)。电池10还可以包括用于容纳电池单体的箱体。
箱体用于容纳电池单体，箱体可以是多种结构形式。在一些实施例中，箱体可以包括第一箱体部部11和第二箱体部12。第一箱体部11与第二箱体部12相互盖合。第一箱体部11和第二箱体部12共同限定出用于容纳电池单体的容纳空间。第二箱体部12可以是一端开口的空心结构，第一箱体部11为板状结构，第一箱体部11盖合于第二箱体部12的开口侧，以形成具有容纳空间的箱体；第一箱体部11和第二箱体部12也可以均为一侧开口的空心结构。第一箱体部11的开口侧盖合于第二箱体部12的开口侧，以形成具有容纳空间的箱体。当然，第一箱体部11和第二箱体部12可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。
为提高第一箱体部11和第二箱体部12连接后的密封性，第一箱体部11和第二箱体部12之间还可以设置密封件，比如，密封胶、密封圈等。
假设第一箱体部11盖合于第二箱体部12，第一箱体部11亦可称之为上箱盖，第二箱体部12亦可称之为下箱体。
在电池10中，电池单体可以是一个，也可以是多个。若电池单体为多个，多个电池单体之间可串联或并联或混联。混联是指多个电池单体中既有串联又有并联。多个电池单体之间可直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将多个电池单体构成的整体容纳于箱体内，也可以是多个电池单体先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块20。多个电池模块20再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体内。
在一些实施例中，如图3所示，图3为图2所示的电池模块20的结构示意图。在电池模块20中，电池单体30为多个。多个电池单体30先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块20。多个电池模块20再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体内。
在一些实施例，电池模块20中的多个电池单体30之间可通过汇流部件实现电连接，以实现电池模块20中的多个电池单体30的并联或串联或混联。
请参照图4，图4为图3所示的电池单体30的爆炸示意图，如图5至图12分别示出了本申请实施例提供的不同电池单体的剖视结构示意图。
如图4至12所示，根据本申请实施例提供的电池单体30包括外壳31和至少一个电极组件32。外壳31包括第一壁313和第二壁314，第一壁313和第二壁314围合形成第一容纳空间30a和至少一个第二容纳空间30b。至少一个电极组件32包括设置于第一容纳空间30a内的第一电极组件324。其中，第一壁313沿第一电极组件324的 周向弯折设置，第二壁314连接于第一壁313沿周向的一端。第一壁313所在的闭环虚拟曲面限定出第一容纳空间30a，第一壁313所在的闭环虚拟曲面与第二壁314限定出至少一个第二容纳空间30b。
在一些实施例中，外壳31可以包括壳体311和端盖312，壳体311为一侧开口的空心结构，端盖312盖合于壳体311的开口处并形成密封连接，形成用于容纳电极组件32和电解液的密封空间。
在组装电池单体30时，可先将电极组件32放入壳体311内，再将端盖312盖合于壳体311的开口，然后经由端盖312上的电解液注入口将电解液注入壳体311内。
在一些实施例中，外壳31还可用于容纳电解液，例如电解液。外壳31可以是多种结构形式。
壳体311的材质可以是多种，比如，铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金等，本申请实施例对此不作特殊限制。
容纳于壳体311内的电极组件32可以是一个或多个。在图4中，容纳于壳体311内的电极组件32为一个。
在一些实施例中，电极组件32还包括正极极片、负极极片和隔离件。电极组件32可以是由正极极片、隔离件和负极极片通过卷绕形成的卷绕式结构。电极组件32也可以是由正极极片、隔离件和负极极片通过层叠布置形成的层叠式结构。
正极极片可以包括正极集流体和正极活性物质层。正极活性物质层涂覆于正极集流体的表面。负极极片可以包括负极集流体和负极极活性物质层。负极活性物质层涂覆于负极集流体的表面。隔离件在正极极片与负极极片之间，用于将正极极片与负极极片隔离，以降低正极极片与负极极片之间出现短路的风险。
其中，隔离件的材质可以为PP(polypropylene，聚丙烯)或PE(polyethylene，聚乙烯)等。
电极组件32中的极耳分为正极极耳和负极极耳。正极极耳可以是正极集流体中未涂覆正极活性物质层的部分。负极极耳可以是负极集流体中未涂覆负极活性物质层的部分。
可选地，沿第一电极组件324的周向，第一电极组件324可以具有弧形区，第一壁313可以沿第一电极组件324的周向与弧形区的对应的部分区域弯折设置，或者，第一壁313沿第一电极组件324的周向与弧形区对应的全部弯折设置。
可选地，第一壁313沿第一电极组件324的周向弯折，则可以设置第一壁313的各位置到电极组件32的最小间距相等，或者，也可以设置第一壁313的各位置到电极组件32的最小间距逐渐变化等。示例性地，第一壁313可以是圆柱形的一部分，即第一壁313对应的各个位置的曲率半径是一致的，或者第一壁313可以是截面呈椭圆形的主体的一部分，此时，第一壁313对应的各个位置的曲率半径是变化的。
可选地，第一壁313沿电极组件32的周向弯折后对应的中心角可以是90°到270°之间的任意数值。当然，也可以是大于270°或者小于90°的数值。
第一壁313所在的闭环虚拟曲面，即沿着第一壁313的边缘，按照第一壁313本来的走势围合形成的一个封闭的曲面。比如，若第一壁313为圆柱形结构的一部分， 则第一壁313所在的闭环虚拟曲面即为第一壁313所在的整个圆柱形结构。示例性地，如图5至图11所示，第一壁313所在的闭环虚拟曲面即为第一壁313与虚线部分围合形成的沿第一电极组件324的周向封闭设置的曲面。
可选地，第二壁314可以是弧形壁，或者第二壁314可以是平直壁，亦或者，第二壁314既有弧形的部分，又有平直的部分。第二壁314可以由多个相交设置的部分首尾相交而成。
可选地，第二容纳空间30b内可以容纳有电极组件32，或者，第二容纳空间30b内没有容纳电极组件32。
可以理解的是，由于第一壁313沿第一电极组件324的周向弯折设置，则在电池单体30发生晃动的过程中，电池单体30内部的第一电极组件324发生倾斜，第一壁313的至少部分和第一电极组件324之间的接触呈面接触，如此，可以提高第一壁313对第一电极组件324的束缚力。
另外，由于第二容纳空间30b是由第一壁313所在的闭环虚拟曲面与第二壁314限定出的，则，第二容纳空间30b相对于电极组件32的形状，并不是一个规则的空间，如此，无论第二容纳空间30b内是否容纳有电极组件32，则第二容纳空间30b总是有一个子空间，该子空间不能用于容纳电极组件32，可以用于容纳电解液，并在电池单体30循环工作的过程中，用于容纳电池单体30内部产生的气体。
本申请实施例提供的电池单体30，通过设置外壳31包括第一壁313和第二壁314，并设置第一壁313沿第一电极组件324的周向弯折设置，第一电极组件324设置于第一容纳空间30a内，如此，在电池单体30发生晃动的过程中，第一电极组件324产生倾斜，与第一壁313的接触呈面接触，可以提高第一壁313对第一电极组件324的约束力，进而提高电池单体30整体结构的稳定性。另外，由于第二容纳空间30b是由第一壁313所在的闭环虚拟曲面与第二壁314限定出的，相当于增加了电池单体30内部用于容纳电解液和电池单体30循环工作过程中所产生的气体的空间。因此，本申请实施例提供的电池单体30能够提高电池单体30的循环寿命。
在一些实施例中，第二容纳空间30b为多个，且没有电极组件32容纳于第二容纳空间30b内。
没有电极组件32容纳于第二容纳空间30b，则第二容纳空间30b可以用于容纳足够多的电解液和气体，如此设置，在保证外壳31对电极组件32的束缚力的前提下，有利于进一步提高电池单体30的循环寿命。
在一些实施例中，多个第二容纳空间30b的体积之和小于第一容纳空间30a的体积。
由于第二容纳空间30b可以为一个，或者第二容纳空间30b可以为多个，在第二容纳空间30b为多个的实施例中，为了在提高电池单体30内部用于容纳电解液和气体的空间的前提下，设置第二容纳空间30b的体积之和小于第一容纳空间30a的体积，有利于保证电池单体30的体积能量密度。
在一些实施例中，第一容纳空间30a和第二容纳空间30b的体积之和为V，第二容纳空间30b的体积为V1，其中，0.1≤V1/V≤0.4。
可选地，V1/V可以为0.1、0.2、0.3或者0.4等。设置第一容纳空间30a和第二容纳空间30b的体积满足上述关系，有利于在保证电池单体30内部具有足够用于容纳电解液和气体的空间的前提下，也有利于保证电池单体30具有较高的体积能量密度。
在一些实施例中，至少一个电极组件32还包括至少一个第二电极组件325，至少一个第二电极组件325容纳于第二容纳空间30b内。
可选地，第二电极组件325的数量可以是一个，或者，第二电极组件325的数量为多个。在第二电极组件325的数量为多个的实施例中，不同第二电极组件325可以容纳于不同的第二容纳空间30b内，或者，多个第二电极组件325共同容纳于同一个第二容纳空间30b内。具体可以根据实际需求设置，这里不做限制。
可选地，第二电极组件325的结构与第一电极组件324的结构可以相同，也可以不同，这里不做限制。
也就是说，在第二容纳空间30b内也设置有电极组件32，如此在保证电池单体30内部用于容纳电解液和气体的空间的前提下，有利于提高电池单体30的体积能量密度。
在一些实施例中，第二容纳空间30b包括第一子空间31b和至少一个第二子空间32b，第一子空间31b用于容纳第二电极组件325，且没有第二电极组件325容纳于第二子空间32b中。
也就是说，第二容纳空间30b包括用于容纳第二电极组件325的第一子空间31b，以及用于容纳电解液和气体的第二子空间32b。
可选地，第一子空间31b的数量可以为一个，或者，第一子空间31b的数量为多个。同理，第二子空间32b的数量可以为一个，或者，第二子空间32b的数量为多个，多个第二子空间32b可以间隔设置。示例性地，多个第二子空间32b被第一子空间31b隔离开。
可选地，第二子空间32b可以由第二电极组件325的外表面和第二壁314围合形成，或者，第二子空间32b由第一电极组件324的外表面、第一壁313所在的闭环虚拟表面与第二壁314的子壁部围合形成。
在一些实施例中，第二子空间32b由第二电极组件325的外表面与第二壁314的子壁部围合形成。
第二壁314的子壁部可以为第二壁314的一部分，在本实施例中，第二壁314的子壁部为与第二电极组件325的表面较为接近的部分。用于围合形成第二子空间32b的第二电极组件325的外表面具体可以为，第二电极组件325的与第二壁314的子壁部相对设置的部分，则第二子空间32b为第二电极组件325与第二壁314的子壁部相对设置的部分向第二壁314的子壁部虚拟延伸后与第二壁314的子壁部共同围合而成。
也就是说，本实施例中，第二子空间32b位于第一子空间31b远离第一容纳空间30a的一侧。如此设置，依然达到提高电池单体30内用于容纳电解液和气体的空间的目的。
在另一些实施例中，第二子空间32b由第二电极组件325的外表面、第一壁313所在的闭环虚拟表面与第二壁314的子壁部围合形成。
第二壁314的子壁部可以为第二壁314与第一壁313邻接的一部分，第二电极组件325的用于围合形成第二子空间32b的外表面可以为第二电极组件325与第一电极组件324相邻的部分，第二子空间32b可以由第一壁313所在的闭环虚拟表面、第二壁314与第一壁313邻接的一部分以及第二电极组件325与第一电极组件324相邻的部分并向第二壁314延伸后形成的闭合空间。
也就是说，第二子空间32b位于第一容纳空间30a和第一子空间31b之间。如此设置，依然能够达到提高电池单体30内用于容纳电解液和电池单体30工作过程中产生的气体的空间的目的。
在一些实施例中，第一容纳空间30a和第二容纳空间30b的体积之和为V，第二子空间32b的体积为V2。
第二子空间32b的体积即为第二容纳空间30b内用于容纳电极液和电池单体30产生的气体的体积。
可选地，V2/V可以为0.1、0.2、0.3或者0.4等。设置第二子空间32b、第一容纳空间30a和第二容纳空间30b的体积满足上述关系，有利于在保证电池单体30内部具有足够用于容纳电解液和气体的空间的前提下，也有利于保证电池单体30具有较高的体积能量密度。
在一些实施例中，在第一电极组件324的径向上，第一壁313与第一电极组件324的最大间距小于第二壁314与电极组件32的最大间距。
具体地，第一壁313与第一电极组件324的间距，即为第一壁313上的各点到第一电极组件324的最小距离，由于第一壁313上的各点与第一电极组件324的间距不尽相同，而第一壁313与第一电极组件324的最大间距，则可以为第一壁313上各点与第一电极组件324的间距的最大值。
同理，第二壁314与电极组件32的间距，可以为第二壁314上各点与距离最近的电极组件32的最小距离，可能为第二壁314与第一电极组件324的间距，或者为第二壁314与第二电极组件325的间距，具体需要根据电池单体30内部的电极组件32的排布方式确定。第二壁314与电极组件32的最大间距，即为第二壁314上各点与电极组件32的间距的最大值，
可以理解的是，设置第二壁314与电极组件32的最大间距大于第一壁313与第一电极组件324的最大间距，则在第二壁314与电极组件32之间存在一个较大的空间，该空间为第二容纳空间30b的一部分，或者该空间为整个第二容纳空间30b，该较大空间可以用于容纳电解液和电池单体30工作过程中产生的气体，如此设置，有利于进一步提高电池单体30的循环寿命。
在一些实施例中，在径向上，第一壁313与第一电极组件324的中心的最大间距为L1，第二壁314与电极组件32的中心的最大间距为L2，其中，
Figure PCTCN2022095024-appb-000002
可选地，L2/L1可以为1.1、1.2、1.3、1.4或者
Figure PCTCN2022095024-appb-000003
等。
如此设置，在保证第二容纳空间30b具有足够的空间以容纳电解液和电池单体30工作过程中产生的气体的前提下，也可以降低第二壁314与电极组件32的间距过大而造成电池单体30的体积能量密度较低的风险。
在一些实施例中，第一壁313弯折为圆弧形，电极组件32的一部分大体呈圆柱形。
电极组件32的一部分大体呈圆柱形，则可以设置电极组件32除极耳外的其它部分大体呈圆柱形。第一壁313弯折为圆弧形，则第一壁313的各处的曲率半径是一致的，第一壁313上各个位置到第一电极组件324的间距大致相同，如此，在电池单体30发生晃动的过程中，第一壁313与第一电极组件324之间形成更大面积的面接触，有利于提高第一壁313对第一电极组件324的束缚力，进而提高电池单体30的工作可靠性和使用寿命。
在一些实施例中，第一壁313的圆心角为60°～300°。
具体地，第一壁313的圆心角为第一壁313的截面对应的圆弧的圆心角。第一壁313的圆心角可以为60°、90°、120°、150°、180°、210°、240°、270°或者300°等。
设置第一壁313的圆心角满足上述条件，有利于电池单体30在晃动的过程中，第一壁313为第一电极组件324提供足够的束缚力。
在一些实施例中，第一壁313的圆心角为90°～270°。
可选地，第一壁313的圆心角可以为90°、120°、150°、180°、210°、240°或者270°等。
可以理解的是，设置第一壁313的圆心角进一步满足上述条件，有利于在电池单体30发生晃动时，第一壁313进一步为第一电极组件324提供足够的束缚力。
在一些实施例中，第二壁314包括多个平直壁，多个平直壁相交设置。
可选地，第二壁314可以包括两个或者三个等平直壁，不同平直壁的尺寸可以相等，也可以不相等。
多个平直壁的夹角可以呈直角，或者多个平直壁的夹角中面向电极组件32一侧的夹角呈钝角。
可以理解的是，设置第二壁314包括多个平直壁，有利于使第二壁314与第一壁313所在的闭环虚拟曲面围合形成较大的第二容纳空间30b，进而提高电池单体30可容纳的电解液和电池单体30工作过程中产生气体的体积，有利于提高电池单体30的循环寿命。
在一些实施例中，第二壁314包括圆弧形壁。
第二壁314包括圆弧形壁，则第二壁314的呈圆弧形壁各处的曲率半径大致相等。则第二壁314可以整体呈圆弧性，或者第二壁314的部分呈圆弧形，可以理解的是，在第一壁313和第二壁314均呈圆弧形的实施例中，可以设置第一壁313和第二壁314分别对应的曲率半径不同，以使第一壁313所在的闭环虚拟曲面与第二壁314围合形成第二容纳空间30b。如此设置，依然能够达到为电池单体30内的电解液和电池单体30工作过程中的气体提供足够的空间的目的。
如图12示出了本申请实施例提供的电池单体30的另一种爆炸结构示意图。
如图12所示，在一些实施例中，电池单体30还包括第一电极端子33和第二电极端子34。电池单体30包括主体部321、第一极耳322和第二极耳323，第一极耳322与第一电极端子33电连接，第二极耳323与第二电极端子34电连接。
可选地，可以设置第一极耳322为正极极耳、第二极耳323为负极极耳，或者，设置第一极耳322为负极极耳、第二极耳323为正极极耳。
可选地，第一电极端子33和第二电极端子34可以设置于外壳31沿主体部321的轴向相对的两端，或者第一电极端子33和第二电极端子34设置于外壳31沿主体部321的轴向的同一端。
具体地，由于电极组件32包括第一极耳322和第二极耳323，则电池单体30在工作的过程中，外壳31可以不带电，有利于进一步提高电池单体30的循环工作寿命。
在一些实施例中，外壳31还包括第三壁315，第一壁313和第二壁314分别沿第三壁315的厚度方向X延伸设置，第一电极端子33和第二电极端子34设置于第三壁315。第一极耳322由主体部321沿厚度方向X背离第三壁315的一端引出，第二极耳323由主体部321沿厚度方向X面向第三壁315的一端引出。
具体地，第一电极端子33和第二电极端子34均设置与第一壁313，第一极耳322和第二极耳323设置于主体部321沿厚度方向X的两端，且第一极耳322设置于主体部321沿厚度方向X背离第一壁313的一端。如此，可以通过导电件实现第一电极端子33和正极极片的连接。
可选地，连接第一电极端子33和正极极片的导电件可以设置于电极组件32内部，也可以设置于电极组件32的外部，可以根据需要进行设置。
可以理解的是，将第一电极端子33和第二电极端子34均设置于第三壁315，则电池单体30沿厚度方向X与第三壁315相对的另一端可以不必设置第一电极端子33或者第二电极端子34。如此，在电池单体30通过汇流件相互连接的过程中，可以减少汇流件的数量和占用体积。又由于电池单体30在工作的过程中，外壳31可以不带电，如此在提高电池单体30的工作安全性的同时，提高电池10的体积能量密度。
在一些实施例中，电池单体30还包括集流件35，集流件35的至少部分设置于第二容纳空间30b中，并用于连接第一电极端子33和第一极耳322。
具体地，在电池单体30包括多个电极组件32的实施例中，集流件35连接多个电极组件32的第一极耳322，并与第一电极端子33连接。
集流件35至少部分设置于第二容纳空间30b内，则利用第二容纳空间30b设置集流件35，便于实现第一电极端子33和第一极耳322的连接。而由于第二容纳空间30b为非规则的空间，则可以利用第二容纳空间30b合理设置集流件35的位置，以保证设置集流件35后电池单体30依然具有较高的体积能量密度。
可选地，集流件35沿垂直于厚度方向X的截面形状可以呈圆形、矩形、椭圆形、环形或者弧形等。
可选地，集流件35与第一电极端子33可以焊接连接，也可以铆接连接。
在集流件35与第一电极端子33焊接连接的实施例中，可以设置第一电极端子33背离电极组件32的一侧设有第一凹部33a，第一凹部33a的底壁与鸡柳件35相抵并焊接于集流件35。
如此，可以采用穿透焊接的方式，从第三壁315背离电极组件32的一侧穿过第一电极端子33连接集流件35和第一极耳322。
由于第二极耳323设置于电极组件32靠近靠近第三壁315的一端，则可选地，第二极耳323和第二电极端子34可以直接相连，示例性地，第二极耳323和第二电极端子34可以直接焊接连接。或者，第二极耳323和第二电极端子34通过中间连接件实现连接。
在一些实施例中，电池单体30还包括转接件36，转接件36连接第二电极端子34和第二极耳323。
可选地，转接件36可以呈片状，也可以呈弯折呈多折。
如图13所示，在转接件36呈片状的实施例中，可以设置第二电极端子34背离电极组件32的一侧具有第二凹部34a，第二凹部34a的底壁与转接件36相抵并焊接于转接件36，即可以采用穿透焊接的方式连接第二电极端子34、转接件36和第二极耳323。
如图14所示，在转接件36弯折成多折的实施例中，由于有足够的空间，可以由第二电极端子34靠近转接件36的一侧分别对转接件36和第二电极端子34、转接件36和第二极耳323进行焊接连接。
可以理解的是，对于具有多个电极组件32的电池单体30，设置转接件36，可以通过转接件36连接多个第二极耳323，以便于实现多个第二极耳323连接于同一个第二电极端子34的目的，提高电池单体30的安装便利性。
可以理解的是，由于第二极耳323设置于主体部321靠近第三壁315的一端，因此，可以设置第二电极端子34位于第三壁315与任一第二极耳323相对的位置，以便于实现第二电极端子34与第二极耳323的电连接。
根据本申请实施例提供的电池10，包括上述任一实施例提供的电池单体30。
本申请实施例提供的电池10，由于采用了上述任一实施例提供的电池单体30，因而具有同样的技术效果，在此不再赘述。
图13示出了本申请实施例提供的电池10的另一种结构示意图。
如图13所示，在一些实施例中，第一壁313弯折为圆弧形，且第一壁313的圆心角小于或者等于180°，电极组件32的一部分大体呈圆柱形，第二壁314包括与第一壁313相对设置的平直壁。多个电池单体30沿第一方向Y排布形成电池单体列40，多个电池单体列40沿第二方向Z排布，第二方向Z与第一方向Y相交。其中，至少部分相邻两列电池单体列40的第一壁313相对设置，且相对设置的两列第一壁313沿第一方向Y错位排布。
可选地，第二方向Z与第一方向Y的夹角可以呈锐角、钝角或者直角，示例性地，第一方向Y和第二方向Z相互垂直。
可选地，可以设置每相邻两列的电池单体列40的第一壁313的朝向相反，如此，每一列的电池单体列40的第一壁313均有相邻的另一列电池单体列40的第一壁313与之相对设置。也可以设置部分相邻电池单体列40的第一壁313的朝向相反，以实现至少部分相邻两列电池单体列40的第一壁313相对设置。
同理，由于至少部分相邻两列电池单体列40的第一壁313相对设置，对应地，至少部分相邻两列电池单体列40的第二壁314相对设置，由于第二壁314包括与第一 壁313相对设置的平直壁，则有至少部分相邻两列电池单体列40的第二壁314相相对设置。
可以理解的是，相邻两列电池单体列40的第二壁314的平直壁相对设置，则在电池单体30排布的过程中，有利于减少相邻两列电池单体列40之间的间隙。同理，设置至少部分相邻两列电池单体列40的第一壁313相对设置，由于第一壁313为圆弧形，且相对设置的两列第一壁313沿第一方向Y错位排布，也有利于减小相邻两列电池单体列40之间的间隙。因此，如此设置，有利于提高电池10的体积能量密度。
在一些实施例中，电池10还包括热交换件，热交换件用于与电池单体30进行热交换。热交换件设置于相邻两列电池单体列40的第一壁313之间，热交换件包括第一弧形区和第二弧形区，相邻两列电池单体列40中的一者的第一壁313的至少部分与第一弧形区相抵，另一者的第一壁313的至少部分与第二弧形区相抵。
具体地，第一弧形区域一列电池单体列40的第一壁313的形状相适配，第二弧形区域相邻的另一列电池单体30的第一壁313的形状相适配。如此，可以实现热交换件与相邻两列电池单体列40的第一壁313均为面接触的目的，有利于提高热交换件与电池单体30之间的热交换的效率。
根据本申请实施例提供的用电装置，包括上述任一实施例提供的电池10，电池10用于提供电能。
本申请实施例提供的用电装置，由于采用了上述任一实施例提供的电池10，因而具有同样的技术效果，在此不再赘述。
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
最后应说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换，但这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (21)

  1. 一种电池单体，包括：
    外壳，包括第一壁和第二壁，所述第一壁和所述第二壁围合形成第一容纳空间和至少一个第二容纳空间；
    至少一个电极组件，包括设置于所述第一容纳空间内的第一电极组件；
    其中，所述第一壁沿所述第一电极组件的周向弯折设置，所述第二壁连接于所述第一壁沿所述周向的一端，所述第一壁所在的闭环虚拟曲面限定出所述第一容纳空间，所述第一壁所在的闭环虚拟曲面与所述第二壁限定出所述至少一个第二容纳空间。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池单体，其中，所述第二容纳空间为多个，且没有所述电极组件容纳于所述第二容纳空间中。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池单体，其中，多个所述第二容纳空间的体积之和小于所述第一容纳空间的体积。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一容纳空间和所述第二容纳空间的体积之和为V，所述第二容纳空间的体积为V1，其中，0.1≤V1/V≤0.4。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的电池单体，其中，所述至少一个电极组件还包括至少一个第二电极组件，所述至少一个第二电极组件容纳于所述第二容纳空间中。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电池单体，其中，所述第二容纳空间包括第一子空间和至少一个第二子空间，所述第一子空间用于容纳所述第二电极组件，且没有所述第二电极组件容纳于所述第二子空间中；
    所述第二子空间由所述第二电极组件的外表面与所述第二壁的子壁部围合形成；或者所述第二子空间由所述第二电极组件的外表面、所述第一壁所在的闭环虚拟表面与所述第二壁的子壁部围合形成。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一容纳空间和所述第二容纳空间的体积之和为V，所述第二子空间的体积为V2，中，0.1≤V2/V≤0.4。
  8. 根据权利要求1至7任一项所述的电池单体，其中，在所述第一电极组件的径向上，所述第一壁与所述第一电极组件的最大间距小于所述第二壁与所述电极组件的最大间距。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电池单体，其中，在所述径向上，所述第一壁与所述第一电极组件的中心的最大间距为L1，所述第二壁与所述电极组件的中心的最大间距为L2，其中，
    Figure PCTCN2022095024-appb-100001
  10. 根据权利要求8或9所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一壁弯折为圆弧形，所述电极组件的一部分大体呈圆柱形。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一壁的圆心角为60°～300°。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一壁的圆心角为90°～270°。
  13. 根据权利要求8至12任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述第二壁包括多个平直壁，多个所述平直壁相交设置。
  14. 根据权利要求8至12任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述第二壁包括圆弧形壁。
  15. 根据权利要求1至14任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述电池单体还包括第一电极端子和第二电极端子；
    所述电极组件包括主体部、第一极耳和第二极耳，所述第一极耳和所述第二极耳的极性相反，所述第一极耳与所述第一电极端子电连接，所述第二极耳与所述第二电极端子电连接。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的电池单体，其中，所述外壳还包括第三壁，所述第一壁和所述第二壁分别沿所述第三壁的厚度方向延伸设置，所述第一电极端子和所述第二电极端子设置于所述第三壁；
    所述第一极耳由所述主体部沿所述厚度方向背离所述第三壁的一端引出，所述第二极耳由所述主体部沿所述厚度方向面向所述第三壁的一端引出。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的电池单体，其中，还包括集流件，至少部分设置于所述第二容纳空间中，并用于连接所述第一电极端子和所述第一极耳。
  18. 一种电池，包括如权利要求1至17任一项所述的电池单体。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的电池，其中，所述第一壁弯折为圆弧形，且所述第一壁的圆心角小于或者等于180°；所述电极组件的一部分大体呈圆柱形，所述第二壁包括与所述第一壁相对设置的平直壁；
    多个所述电池单体沿第一方向排布形成电池单体列，多个所述电池单体列沿第二方向排布，所述第二方向与所述第一方向相交；
    其中，至少部分相邻两列所述电池单体列的所述第一壁相对设置，且相对设置的两列所述第一壁沿所述第一方向错位排布。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的电池，其中，所述电池还包括热交换件，所述热交换件用于与所述电池单体进行热交换；
    所述热交换件设置于相邻两列所述电池单体列的所述第一壁之间，所述热交换件包括第一弧形区和第二弧形区，相邻两列所述电池单体列中一者的所述第一壁的至少部分与所述第一弧形区相抵，另一者的所述第一壁的至少部分与所述第二弧形区相抵。
  21. 一种用电装置，包括如权利要求18至20任一项所述的电池，所述电池用于提供电能。
PCT/CN2022/095024 2022-05-25 2022-05-25 电池单体、电池以及用电装置 WO2023225911A1 (zh)

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