WO2024007130A1 - 电池单体、电池以及用电装置 - Google Patents

电池单体、电池以及用电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024007130A1
WO2024007130A1 PCT/CN2022/103736 CN2022103736W WO2024007130A1 WO 2024007130 A1 WO2024007130 A1 WO 2024007130A1 CN 2022103736 W CN2022103736 W CN 2022103736W WO 2024007130 A1 WO2024007130 A1 WO 2024007130A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electrode assembly
insulating member
battery cell
along
opening
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/103736
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
雷育永
郭志君
杨瑞
李川
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to CN202280063771.8A priority Critical patent/CN118077094A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2022/103736 priority patent/WO2024007130A1/zh
Publication of WO2024007130A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024007130A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/584—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries
    • H01M50/586—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries inside the batteries, e.g. incorrect connections of electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/584—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries
    • H01M50/59—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries characterised by the protection means
    • H01M50/593—Spacers; Insulating plates
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery technology, and more specifically, to a battery cell, a battery and an electrical device.
  • Batteries are widely used in electronic devices, such as mobile phones, laptops, battery cars, electric cars, electric airplanes, electric ships, electric toy cars, electric toy ships, electric toy airplanes, electric tools, etc.
  • the battery cells may include cadmium-nickel battery cells, nickel-hydrogen battery cells, lithium-ion battery cells, secondary alkaline zinc-manganese battery cells, etc.
  • This application provides a battery cell, a battery and an electrical device, which can improve the safety performance of the battery cell.
  • inventions of the present application provide a battery cell.
  • the battery cell includes a casing, an electrode assembly, an insulating member, and a support member; the electrode assembly is accommodated in the casing, and the electrode assembly includes an electrode body and a tab. The end of the electrode body is led out; an insulating member is accommodated in the casing and attached to the peripheral side of the electrode body; the insulating member is provided with an opening; and a support member is used to support the electrode assembly and cover the opening.
  • the battery cells provided in the embodiments of the present application have openings by providing insulating members.
  • the openings can provide space for the expansion of the electrode assembly and reduce the uneven deformation of various parts of the electrode assembly during the expansion process. This will help improve the consistency of the deformation of various parts within the electrode assembly, reduce the risk of lithium precipitation in the electrode assembly, and thereby improve the safety performance of the battery cells.
  • the electrode assembly has two first surfaces oppositely arranged along the second direction and two second surfaces oppositely arranged along the third direction, the second surfaces connect the two first surfaces, and the tabs are located on the electrode body.
  • the first direction, the second direction and the third direction are perpendicular to each other; at least one of the two first surfaces and the two second surfaces is arranged opposite to the opening.
  • the opening can be set at an appropriate position of the insulating member according to the specific direction of expansion and deformation of the electrode assembly to maximize the release of the expansion deformation of the electrode assembly.
  • openings are respectively provided at portions of the insulating member opposite to the two first surfaces. In this way, it is helpful to further improve the uniformity of expansion and deformation of the electrode assembly and reduce the risk of lithium precipitation in the electrode assembly.
  • At least part of the two openings are oppositely disposed along the second direction. In this way, during the expansion process of the electrode assembly, the release amount of the expansion deformation on both sides of the electrode assembly symmetrically arranged along the second direction is as consistent as possible, which further helps to improve the uniformity of the expansion deformation of the electrode assembly.
  • the area of the first surface is smaller than the area of the second surface, and at least a portion of at least one of the two first surfaces is disposed opposite the opening.
  • the expansion and deformation of the electrode assembly mainly occurs in the opposite direction of the two second surfaces with larger areas, that is, the second surface. Three directions, therefore, arranging at least part of at least one of the two first surfaces to be opposite to the opening is conducive to maximizing the release of expansion deformation of the electrode assembly to minimize the risk of lithium precipitation in the electrode assembly.
  • the electrode assembly includes two pole pieces with opposite polarities and a separator, and the separator and the two pole pieces are stacked along a third direction. In this way, the electrode assembly is laminated and stacked along the third direction. As the battery cells cycle charge and discharge, the electrode assembly mainly expands and deforms along the third direction. Therefore, such an arrangement is conducive to releasing the expansion deformation generated by the electrode assembly to the maximum extent, so as to minimize the risk of lithium precipitation in the electrode assembly.
  • the first surface is curved and the second surface is planar.
  • the corresponding electrode assembly is of the rolled type. Since the compaction density of the electrode assembly along the third direction is greater than the compaction density along the second direction, as the battery cells cycle charge and discharge, the electrode assembly mainly expands along the third direction. Deformation, and arranging at least part of the at least one first surface opposite to the opening is beneficial to releasing the expansion deformation generated by the electrode assembly to the maximum extent, so as to minimize the risk of lithium precipitation in the electrode assembly.
  • the opening along the circumferential direction of the electrode body, the opening has two opposite sides, and the distance D between the two sides satisfies: D ⁇ 0 mm.
  • the distance between the two sides of the opening can be reasonably set according to the compaction density of the electrode assembly, etc., so as to release the expansion and deformation of the electrode assembly while ensuring the insulating effect of the insulating member on the insulation of the electrode assembly and the shell.
  • the size of the support corresponding to the opening is W, W>D. It is beneficial to ensure that after the electrode assembly is expanded and deformed, the support member can still completely cover the opening to ensure the insulation isolation between the electrode assembly and the casing, so that the battery cell can operate normally.
  • the housing has an accommodating space, and the electrode assembly is accommodated in the accommodating space; along the opposite directions of the two sides, the maximum size of the accommodating space is S, and W-D ⁇ 0.07S.
  • the tab is disposed at an end of the electrode body along the first direction, and the opening is disposed through the insulator along the first direction. In this way, the expansion deformation of the electrode assembly is quickly released to the greatest extent, thereby improving the uniformity of the expansion deformation of the electrode assembly.
  • the tab is disposed at an end of the electrode body along the first direction, and the opening includes a plurality of sub-openings, and the plurality of sub-openings are spaced apart at least along the first direction.
  • the size of the insulating member is L
  • the total size of the plurality of sub-openings is L1
  • 1/3 ⁇ L1/L ⁇ 1 the parts of the insulating member located at both ends of the sub-opening along the first direction are more likely to break, so that the insulating member breaks as a whole along the first direction. This facilitates the realization of the electrode assembly.
  • the expansion deformation serves the purpose of release.
  • the thickness e of the portion of the insulating member located on both sides of the sub-opening along the first direction satisfies: 0.03 mm ⁇ e ⁇ 0.2 mm. It facilitates the processing of the insulating member, and allows the area where the insulating member is located on both sides of the sub-opening along the first direction to have a smaller cross-sectional area and thus a smaller fracture stress, so that under the action of the expansion force of the electrode assembly, the insulating member is located The areas on both sides of the sub-opening along the first direction can be broken in time to reserve enough space for the expansion of the electrode assembly.
  • the tab is disposed at the end of the electrode body along the first direction, and the insulating member extends out of the electrode body along the first direction, and the distance h of the insulating member extending out of the electrode body satisfies: h ⁇ 2 mm. In this way, it is helpful to ensure the insulation effect of the insulating member on the electrode assembly and the casing, and reduce the risk of short circuit between the electrode assembly and the casing.
  • the insulating member is adhesively connected to the electrode body. In this way, it is beneficial to maintain the connection relationship between the insulating member and the electrode body, and reduce the risk of insulation failure between the electrode body and the casing caused by circumferential movement of the insulating member relative to the electrode body.
  • the support member and the insulating member are adhesively connected. In this way, it is beneficial to maintain the insulating effect of the support member on the electrode body and the casing.
  • a portion of the insulating member is bent relative to the first direction and covers at least a portion of an end of the electrode body along the first direction. In this way, the position of the insulating piece corresponding to the end of the electrode body can be used to realize the snap connection between the electrode body and the insulating piece, thereby reducing the risk that the insulating piece moves along the first direction and the insulation between the electrode body and the casing cannot be achieved.
  • the insulating member includes a first insulating member and a second insulating member.
  • the first insulating member includes a first part and two second parts connected to the first part.
  • the second insulating member includes a third part and a third part connected to the first part.
  • Two fourth parts of the three parts the first part is arranged opposite to one second surface, the third part is arranged opposite to another second surface, and the second part and the fourth part located on the same side of the electrode assembly are arranged opposite to the first surface ;
  • the second part and the fourth part located on the same side of the electrode assembly are spaced apart and form openings. In this way, it is helpful to further improve the uniformity of deformation of the electrode assembly.
  • the support member is adhesively connected to the second part and the fourth part on the same side of the electrode assembly respectively. This arrangement is beneficial to ensuring the insulating effect of the support member on the electrode assembly and the casing.
  • embodiments of the present application provide a battery, including the battery cell as in any embodiment of the first aspect.
  • the battery provided according to the embodiments of the present application uses the battery cell provided in any of the above embodiments, and therefore has the same technical effect, which will not be described again here.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an electrical device, including a battery as in the embodiment of the second aspect, and the battery is used to provide electric energy.
  • the electrical device provided according to the embodiment of the present application uses the battery provided by the embodiment of the present application, and therefore has the same technical effect, which will not be described again here.
  • the battery cells, batteries and electrical devices provided by the embodiments of the present application are provided with insulating members with openings.
  • the openings can provide space for the expansion of the electrode assembly and reduce the expansion process of the electrode assembly.
  • the risk of uneven deformation of various parts is conducive to improving the consistency of deformation of various parts within the electrode assembly, reducing the risk of lithium precipitation in the electrode assembly, and thereby improving the safety performance of the battery cells.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded schematic diagram of a battery provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery module in a battery provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 4 is an exploded schematic diagram of a battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of another battery cell provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an insulating member in a battery cell provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 7 is a front view of a battery cell provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram along A-A in Figure 7;
  • Figure 9 is a partial enlarged view of B in Figure 8.
  • Vehicle 1a, motor; 1b, controller;
  • Electrode assembly 321. Electrode body; 3211. First surface; 3212. Second surface; 322. Poles;
  • Insulating member 33a, opening; 331a, sub-opening; 332a, side; 331, first insulating member; 3311, first part; 3312, second part; 332, second insulating member; 3321, third part; 3322. Part 4;
  • X first direction
  • Y second direction
  • Z third direction
  • an embodiment means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the application.
  • the appearances of this phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense.
  • connection can be a fixed connection, It can also be detachably connected or integrally connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be internal communication between two components.
  • connection can be a fixed connection
  • connection can also be detachably connected or integrally connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be internal communication between two components.
  • connection can also be detachably connected or integrally connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be internal communication between two components.
  • “Plural” appearing in this application means two or more (including two).
  • battery cells may include lithium ion secondary battery cells, lithium ion primary battery cells, lithium sulfur battery cells, sodium lithium ion battery cells, sodium ion battery cells or magnesium ion battery cells, etc.
  • the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.
  • the battery cell may be in the shape of a cylinder, a flat body, a rectangular parallelepiped or other shapes, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.
  • Battery cells are generally divided into three types according to packaging methods: cylindrical battery cells, square battery cells and soft-pack battery cells, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.
  • the battery mentioned in the embodiments of this application refers to a single physical module including one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the battery mentioned in this application may include a battery module or a battery pack.
  • Batteries generally include a box for packaging one or more battery cells. The box can prevent liquid or other foreign matter from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells.
  • the battery cell includes an electrode assembly and an electrolyte.
  • the electrode assembly includes a positive electrode piece, a negative electrode piece and a separator. Battery cells mainly rely on the movement of metal ions between the positive and negative electrodes to work.
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer, and the positive electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive electrode current collector;
  • the positive electrode current collector includes a positive electrode current collecting part and a positive electrode convex part protruding from the positive electrode current collecting part, and the positive electrode current collecting part
  • the positive electrode convex part is coated with the positive electrode active material layer, and at least part of the positive electrode convex part is not coated with the positive electrode active material layer, and the positive electrode convex part serves as the positive electrode tab.
  • the material of the cathode current collector can be aluminum, and the cathode active material layer includes cathode active materials.
  • the cathode active material can be lithium cobalt oxide, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium or lithium manganate, etc.
  • the negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer, and the negative electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the negative electrode current collector; the negative electrode current collector includes a negative electrode current collecting part and a negative electrode convex part protruding from the negative electrode current collecting part, and the negative electrode current collecting part
  • the negative electrode active material layer is coated on the negative electrode active material layer, and at least part of the negative electrode protruding part is not coated with the negative electrode active material layer, and the negative electrode protruding part serves as the negative electrode tab.
  • the negative electrode current collector may be made of copper, and the negative electrode active material layer may include a negative electrode active material.
  • the negative electrode active material may be carbon or silicon.
  • the number of positive electrode tabs is multiple and stacked together, and the number of negative electrode tabs is multiple and stacked together.
  • the material of the isolator can be PP (polypropylene, polypropylene) or PE (polyethylene, polyethylene), etc.
  • the electrode assembly may have a rolled structure or a laminated structure, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto.
  • the inventor has improved the structure of the battery cell.
  • the technical solutions described in the embodiments of the present application are applicable to battery cells, batteries containing battery cells, and electrical devices using batteries.
  • the battery cell provided according to the embodiment of the present application includes a casing, an electrode assembly, an insulating member and a supporting member.
  • the electrode assembly is accommodated in the casing.
  • the electrode assembly includes an electrode body and tabs. The tabs are led out from the end of the electrode body.
  • the insulating member is accommodated in the casing and attached to the peripheral side of the electrode body, and is provided with an opening.
  • the support member is used to support the electrode assembly and cover the opening.
  • the battery cell provided in the embodiment of the present application has an opening by setting an insulating member, and setting a support member to cover the opening.
  • the electrode assembly can be released through the opening during the expansion process.
  • the stress makes the deformation of each part as consistent as possible during the expansion and deformation of the electrode assembly, which is beneficial to reducing the risk of lithium precipitation in the electrode assembly and improving the safety performance of the battery cells.
  • Electrical devices can be vehicles, cell phones, portable devices, laptops, ships, spacecraft, electric toys and power tools, etc.
  • Vehicles can be fuel vehicles, gas vehicles or new energy vehicles, and new energy vehicles can be pure electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles or extended-range vehicles, etc.
  • spacecraft include aircraft, rockets, space shuttles, spaceships, etc.
  • electric toys include fixed Type or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric ship toys and electric airplane toys, etc.
  • electric tools include metal cutting electric tools, grinding electric tools, assembly electric tools and railway electric tools, for example, Electric drills, electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators, planers and more.
  • Electric drills Electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators, planers and more.
  • the following embodiments take the electrical device as a vehicle as an example.
  • a battery 10 is provided inside the vehicle 1 .
  • the battery 10 may be disposed at the bottom, head or tail of the vehicle 1 .
  • the battery 10 may be used to power the vehicle 1 , for example, the battery 10 may serve as an operating power source for the vehicle 1 .
  • the vehicle 1 may also include a controller 1b and a motor 1a.
  • the controller 1b is used to control the battery 10 to supply power to the motor 1a, for example, for the starting, navigation and operating power requirements of the vehicle 1 when driving.
  • the battery 10 can not only be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1 , but also can be used as a driving power source for the vehicle 1 , replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1 .
  • the battery 10 includes battery cells (not shown in FIG. 2 ).
  • the battery 10 may also include a case for housing the battery cells.
  • the box is used to accommodate battery cells, and the box can be of various structural forms.
  • the case may include a first case part 11 and a second case part 12 .
  • the first box part 11 and the second box part 12 cover each other.
  • the first box part 11 and the second box part 12 jointly define an accommodation space for accommodating battery cells.
  • the second box part 12 may be a hollow structure with one end open, and the first box part 11 is a plate-like structure.
  • the first box part 11 is covered with the opening side of the second box part 12 to form a container with accommodating space.
  • Box The first box part 11 and the second box part 12 may also be hollow structures with one side open.
  • the open side of the first box part 11 is covered with the open side of the second box part 12 to form a box with an accommodation space.
  • the first box part 11 and the second box part 12 can be in various shapes, such as cylinder, rectangular parallelepiped, etc.
  • a sealing member such as sealant, sealing ring, etc., may be provided between the first box part 11 and the second box part 12 .
  • the first box part 11 can also be called an upper box cover, and the second box part 12 can also be called a lower box.
  • the battery 10 there may be one battery cell or a plurality of battery cells. If there are multiple battery cells, the multiple battery cells can be connected in series, parallel, or mixed. Hybrid connection means that multiple battery cells are connected in series and in parallel. Multiple battery cells can be directly connected in series, parallel, or mixed together, and then the whole composed of multiple battery cells can be accommodated in the box. Multiple battery cells can also be connected in series, parallel, or mixed to form a battery. Module 20. A plurality of battery modules 20 are connected in series, parallel, or mixed to form a whole, and are accommodated in the box.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the battery module 20 shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the battery module 20 has a plurality of battery cells 30 .
  • a plurality of battery cells 30 are first connected in series, parallel, or mixed to form the battery module 20 .
  • a plurality of battery modules 20 are connected in series, parallel, or mixed to form a whole, and are accommodated in the box.
  • the plurality of battery cells 30 in the battery module 20 can be electrically connected through bus components to realize parallel, series or mixed connection of the plurality of battery cells 30 in the battery module 20 .
  • FIG. 4 is an exploded schematic view of the battery cell 30 shown in FIG. 3
  • FIG. 5 is another exploded schematic view of the battery cell 30 shown in FIG. 3
  • Figure 6 shows a schematic structural diagram of the insulator 33 in the battery cell provided by the embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 7 shows a front view of the battery cell 30 provided by the embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 8 shows A schematic cross-sectional structural view along A-A in Figure 7 is shown
  • Figure 9 shows a partial enlarged view of B in Figure 8.
  • the battery cell 30 provided by the embodiment of the present application includes a casing 31 , an electrode assembly 32 , an insulator 33 and a support 34 .
  • the electrode assembly 32 is accommodated in the housing 31 .
  • the electrode assembly 32 includes an electrode body 321 and tabs 322 .
  • the tabs 322 are led out from the end of the electrode body 321 .
  • the insulating member 33 is accommodated in the housing 31 and attached to the peripheral side of the electrode body 321, and is provided with an opening 33a.
  • the support member 34 is used to support the electrode assembly 32 and cover the opening 33a.
  • the housing 31 may include a housing 311 and an end cover 312.
  • the housing 311 may be a hollow structure with a through opening 311a on one side.
  • the end cover 312 covers the opening 33a of the housing 311 and forms a sealed connection.
  • a sealed space is formed for accommodating the electrode assembly 32 and the electrolyte.
  • the housing 311 may be a hollow structure with through-holes 311a at both ends, and the two end caps 312 respectively cover the through-holes 311a at both ends of the housing 311 and form a sealed connection to form a structure for accommodating the electrode assembly 32 and the electrolyte. sealed space.
  • the housing 31 may also contain an electrolyte, such as an electrolyte solution.
  • the electrode assembly 32 When assembling the battery cell 30, the electrode assembly 32 can be first placed into the case 311, and then the end cap 312 is closed with the through opening 311a of the case 311, and then the electrolyte is injected through the electrolyte injection port on the end cap 312. inside the housing 311.
  • the housing 311 can be in various shapes, such as cylinder, cuboid, etc.
  • the shape of the housing 311 can be determined according to the specific shape of the electrode assembly 32 . For example, if the electrode assembly 32 has a cylindrical structure, the housing 311 can be selected to have a cylindrical structure. If the electrode assembly 32 has a rectangular parallelepiped structure, the housing 311 may have a rectangular parallelepiped structure. In FIG. 4 , as an example, both the housing 311 and the electrode assembly 32 have a rectangular parallelepiped structure.
  • the housing 311 can be made of a variety of materials, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, etc., which are not particularly limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Electrodes assemblies 32 There may be one or more electrode assemblies 32 accommodated in the housing 311 . In FIG. 4 , there is only one electrode assembly 32 accommodated in the housing 311 .
  • the tabs 322 in the electrode assembly 32 are divided into positive tabs and negative tabs.
  • the positive electrode tab may be a portion of the positive electrode current collector that is not coated with the positive electrode active material layer.
  • the negative electrode tab may be a portion of the negative electrode current collector that is not coated with the negative electrode active material layer.
  • the positive electrode tab and the negative electrode tab can be drawn out from the same end of the electrode body 321, or the positive electrode tab and the negative electrode tab can be drawn out from two opposite ends of the electrode body 321 respectively.
  • the insulating member 33 is accommodated in the housing 31 and attached to the peripheral side of the electrode body 321.
  • the insulating member 33 and the peripheral side of the electrode body 321 can be connected together by bonding or other methods, or the insulating member 33 and the electrode main body 321 are simply
  • the electrode assembly 32 is in contact with the housing 31 through the insulating member 33 .
  • the insulating member 33 is provided with openings 33a, and the openings 33a can be provided through the insulating member 33 in any direction, or the openings 33a can be provided at intervals in any direction.
  • the opening 33a of the insulating member 33 may be formed by removing material, or the position of the insulating member 33 corresponding to the opening 33a is simply cut off, that is, the opening 33a of the insulating member 33 is not formed by removing material. , in this way, at the beginning of manufacturing the battery cell 30, the insulating member 33 completely covers the peripheral surface of the electrode assembly 32. As the use time of the battery cell 30 increases, the electrode assembly 32 expands, the opening 33a is opened, and the electrode assembly 32 may be exposed to the outside of the insulating member 33 through the opening 33a.
  • the insulating member 33 may be provided with one opening 33a, or the insulating member 33 may be provided with multiple openings 33a, and the multiple openings 33a may be spaced apart.
  • the electrode assembly 32 may be cylindrical or square.
  • the plurality of openings 33a may extend along the axial direction of the electrode assembly 32 and be spaced apart along the circumferential direction of the electrode assembly 32.
  • the opening 33a may be provided in a region corresponding to any surface of the insulating member 33 of the electrode assembly 32 , or may be provided in a region corresponding to multiple surfaces of the insulating member 33 and the electrode assembly 32 . Opening 33a.
  • the support member 34 supports the electrode assembly 32 and covers the opening 33 a.
  • the support member 34 provides a certain support function for the electrode assembly 32 and reduces the risk of the electrode assembly 32 being greatly deformed and affecting its normal operation.
  • the support member 34 covers the opening 33 a so that the portion of the electrode assembly 32 corresponding to the opening 33 a is insulated from the housing 31 .
  • the support member 34 may be disposed between the insulating member 33 and the electrode assembly 32 and cover the opening 33 a.
  • the insulating member 33 may be disposed between the insulating member 33 and the housing 31 and cover the opening 33 a. You can choose according to actual needs, there are no restrictions here.
  • the support member 34 and the insulating member 33 may simply contact or abut together, or the support member 34 and the insulating member 33 may be bonded together by bonding.
  • the insulating member 33 may be expanded glue, or a part made of other insulating materials.
  • the electrode assembly 32 will gradually expand.
  • the insulating member 33 will deform under the expansion force of the electrode assembly 32, and the opening 33a will become larger, forming the electrode assembly 32.
  • the opening 33a is not provided through the insulating member 33, as the electrode assembly 32 gradually expands, the area of the insulating member 33 provided with the opening 33a is deformed or supported by the expansion force of the electrode assembly 32. This way, space can still be provided for the expansion of the electrode assembly 32 .
  • the battery cell 30 provided in the embodiment of the present application has an opening 33a by setting the insulating member 33.
  • the opening 33a can provide space for the expansion of the electrode assembly 32 and reduce the expansion process of the electrode assembly 32.
  • the risk of uneven deformation of various parts is conducive to improving the consistency of deformation of various parts within the electrode assembly 32, reducing the risk of lithium precipitation in the electrode assembly 32, and thereby improving the safety performance of the battery cell 30.
  • the electrode assembly 32 has two first surfaces 3211 oppositely arranged along the second direction Y and two second surfaces 3212 oppositely arranged along the third direction Z.
  • the second surfaces 3212 connect the two first surfaces.
  • the tabs 322 are located at both ends of the electrode body 321 along the first direction X, and the first direction X, the second direction Y, and the third direction Z are two perpendicular to each other.
  • At least one of the two first surfaces 3211 and the two second surfaces 3212 is disposed opposite to the opening 33a.
  • first surface 3211 may be a plane, or the first surface 3211 may be a curved surface.
  • second surface 3212 may be a plane, or the second surface 3212 may be a curved surface.
  • the area of the first surface 3211 may be larger than the area of the second surface 3212, or the area of the first surface 3211 may be smaller than the area of the second surface 3212.
  • At least one of the two first surfaces 3211 and the two second surfaces 3212 is arranged opposite to the opening 33a, that is, the insulating member 33 is arranged with one or more of the two first surfaces 3211 and the two second surfaces 3212.
  • An opening 33a is provided in an area opposite to the two.
  • the opening 33a in an embodiment in which the opening 33a is provided in the area of the insulating member 33 opposite to the first surface 3211, the opening 33a can become larger along the third direction Z, that is, the opening 33a can release the electrode assembly 32 along the third direction Z. expansion deformation.
  • the opening 33a in the embodiment where the opening 33a is provided in the area of the insulating member 33 opposite the second surface 3212, the opening 33a can become larger along the second direction Y, that is, the opening 33a can release the expansion deformation of the electrode assembly 32 along the second direction Y.
  • the opening 33a can be set at an appropriate position of the insulating member 33 according to the specific direction of expansion and deformation of the electrode assembly 32, so as to release the expansion deformation of the electrode assembly 32 to the maximum extent.
  • openings 33a are respectively provided at portions of the insulating member 33 opposite to the two first surfaces 3211.
  • the electrode assembly 32 expands and deforms along the third direction Z
  • the two openings 33a respectively disposed opposite the two first surfaces 3211 both deform along the third direction Z
  • the electrode assembly 32 expands along the second direction Z.
  • the expansion deformation on both sides of Y can be released, which is beneficial to further improving the uniformity of the expansion deformation of the electrode assembly 32 and reducing the risk of lithium precipitation in the electrode assembly 32 .
  • openings 33 a can also be provided at the portions of the insulating member 33 opposite the two first surfaces 3211 to further release the deformation of the electrode assembly 32 along the second direction Y and improve the uniformity of the deformation of the electrode assembly 32 .
  • At least part of the two openings 33a are disposed oppositely along the second direction Y.
  • the two openings 33a that are opposite to the two first surfaces 3211 may be partially opposite to each other, or may be completely opposite to each other.
  • the release amount of the expansion deformation on both sides of the electrode assembly 32 symmetrically arranged along the second direction Y is as consistent as possible, which further helps to improve the uniformity of the expansion deformation of the electrode assembly 32.
  • the area of the first surface 3211 is smaller than the area of the second surface 3212, and at least part of at least one of the two first surfaces 3211 is disposed opposite the opening 33a.
  • the insulating member 33 may be provided with an opening 33a in a region opposite one of the first surfaces 3211, or the insulating member 33 may be provided with openings 33a in a region opposed to both first surfaces 3211.
  • the opening 33a may be arranged opposite to a part of the first surface 3211, or the opening 33a may be arranged opposite to the entire first surface 3211.
  • the electrode assembly 32 may be of a rolled type, or the electrode assembly 32 may be of a laminate type.
  • the first surface 3211 may be an arc-shaped surface, and in an embodiment where the electrode assembly 32 is of a laminate type, the first surface 3211 may be a flat surface.
  • the expansion and deformation of the electrode assembly 32 mainly occurs at the two second surfaces 3212 with larger areas facing each other. direction, that is, the third direction Z. Therefore, arranging at least part of at least one of the two first surfaces 3211 opposite to the opening 33a is conducive to maximally releasing the expansion deformation of the electrode assembly 32 to minimize the The risk of lithium precipitation in the electrode assembly 32.
  • the electrode assembly 32 includes two pole pieces with opposite polarities and a separator.
  • the separator and the two pole pieces are stacked along the third direction Z.
  • the corresponding electrode assemblies 32 are laminated and stacked along the third direction Z. As the battery cells 30 cycle charge and discharge, the electrode assemblies 32 mainly expand and deform along the third direction Z. Therefore, arranging at least part of the first surface 3211 to be opposite to the opening 33a is beneficial to releasing the expansion deformation generated by the electrode assembly 32 to the maximum extent, so as to minimize the risk of lithium precipitation in the electrode assembly 32.
  • the first surface 3211 is curved and the second surface 3212 is planar.
  • the electrode assembly 32 may be a rolled electrode assembly 32.
  • pressure along the third direction Z will be applied to the electrode assembly 32 to increase the compaction of the electrode assembly 32 along the third direction Z. density. Since the compaction density of the electrode assembly 32 along the third direction Z is greater than the compaction density along the second direction Y, as the battery cell 30 cycles charge and discharge, the electrode assembly 32 mainly expands and deforms along the third direction Z, and is set At least part of the at least one first surface 3211 is arranged opposite to the opening 33a, which is conducive to releasing the expansion deformation generated by the electrode assembly 32 to the maximum extent, so as to minimize the risk of lithium precipitation in the electrode assembly 32.
  • the opening 33a has two opposite sides 332a, and the distance D between the two sides 332a satisfies :D ⁇ 0mm.
  • the distance D between the two sides 332a may be equal to 0 mm, 1 mm or 2 mm, etc.
  • the area corresponding to the insulating member 33 and the opening 33a is only blocked.
  • the opening 33a is gradually opened, and the two sides The distance of 332a gradually increases.
  • the spacing between the two sides 332a of the opening 33a can be reasonably set according to the compaction density of the electrode assembly 32, etc., so as to release the expansion deformation of the electrode assembly 32 while ensuring that the insulating member 33 has sufficient contact with the electrode assembly 32 and the housing 31.
  • the size of the support 34 corresponding to the opening 33a is W, W>D.
  • W can be 1.1D, 1.2D or 1.3D, etc.
  • the housing 31 has a receiving space 31a, and the electrode assembly 32 is received in the receiving space 31a.
  • the maximum size of the accommodation space 31a is S, W-D ⁇ 0.07S.
  • (W-D) can be 0.007S, 0.008S, 0.01S or 0.012S, etc.
  • the tab 322 is disposed at an end of the electrode body 321 along the first direction X, and the opening 33a is disposed through the insulating member 33 along the first direction X.
  • the two sides 332a of the opening 33a extend along the first direction 332a can generate relative movement in a direction perpendicular to the first direction X to increase the size of the opening 33a, thereby providing space for expansion and deformation of the electrode assembly 32.
  • arranging the opening 33 a through the first direction X is beneficial to quickly releasing the expansion deformation of the electrode assembly 32 to the maximum extent, thereby improving the uniformity of the expansion deformation of the electrode assembly 32 .
  • the tab 322 is disposed at an end of the electrode body 321 along the first direction set up.
  • the plurality of sub-openings 331a may be arranged in a row along the first direction X, or the plurality of sub-openings 331a may be arranged both along the first direction X and perpendicularly to the first direction 331a is arranged in multiple rows along the first direction X.
  • arranging multiple sub-openings 331a spaced apart along the first direction X facilitates the deformation of the portion between the two sub-openings 331a of the insulating member 33 perpendicular to the first direction , or even break, so that the expansion deformation of the electrode assembly 32 can be released.
  • the opening 33a includes a plurality of sub-openings 331a, and the plurality of sub-openings 331a are spaced at least along the first direction X, which further facilitates the release of the expansion deformation of the electrode assembly 32 and improves the uniformity of the deformation of the electrode assembly 32.
  • a plurality of sub-openings 331a may be evenly spaced along the first direction X to further improve the uniformity of deformation release of the electrode assembly 32.
  • L1/L can be 1/3, 0.5, 0.6, 0.8 or 0.9, etc.
  • the thickness e of the portion of the insulating member 33 located on both sides of the sub-opening 331a along the first direction X satisfies: 0.03mm ⁇ e ⁇ 0.2mm.
  • e can be 0.03mm, 0.05mm, 0.08mm, 0.1mm, 0.12mm, 0.15mm, 0.2mm, 0.25mm or 0.3mm, etc.
  • the thickness e of the portion of the insulating member 33 located on both sides of the sub-opening 331a along the first direction X is too small, it is not conducive to the processing of the sub-opening 331a on the insulating member 33. If the thickness e of the portion of the insulating member 33 located on both sides of the sub-opening 331a along the first direction The insulating member 33 exerts a certain binding force on the electrode assembly 32, causing the expansion and deformation of the electrode assembly 32 to be unable to be released.
  • the thickness e of the portion of the insulating member 33 located on both sides of the sub-opening 331a along the first direction The region has a smaller cross-sectional area, and thus has a smaller fracture stress, so that under the action of the expansion force of the electrode assembly 32, the regions of the insulating member 33 located on both sides of the sub-opening 331a along the first direction Allow sufficient space for expansion of assembly 32.
  • the tab 322 is disposed at the end of the electrode body 321 along the first direction X.
  • the insulating member 33 is disposed extending out of the electrode body 321 along the first direction h satisfies h ⁇ 2mm.
  • h can be 2mm, 2.5mm or 3mm, etc.
  • the distance h at which the insulating member 33 protrudes from one end of the electrode body 321 may be set to satisfy the above relationship, or the distance h at which the insulating member 33 protrudes from both ends of the electrode body 321 may be set to satisfy the above relationship.
  • the insulating member 33 is adhesively connected to the electrode body 321 .
  • a part of the contact portion between the insulating member 33 and the electrode body 321 may be provided with an adhesive connection, or the entire contact portion of the insulating member 33 with the electrode body 321 may be provided with an adhesive connection.
  • the insulating member 33 is adhesively connected to the electrode body 321, there will be a certain adhesive force between the insulating member 33 and the electrode body 321.
  • the connection relationship between the electrode body 321 reduces the risk of insulation failure between the electrode body 321 and the housing 31 caused by movement of the insulating member 33 relative to the circumferential direction of the electrode body 321 .
  • the support member 34 and the insulating member 33 are adhesively connected.
  • the support member 34 and the insulating member 33 are adhesively connected, so that during the normal operation of the battery cell 30, the support member 34 will not move relative to the insulating member 33 along the circumferential direction of the electrode body 321, and there will be It is beneficial to maintain the insulation effect of the support member 34 on the electrode body 321 and the housing 31 .
  • the support member 34 and the insulating member 33 are affected by the expansion force of the electrode assembly 32, and the adhesive connection between the support member 34 and the insulating member 33 may be destroyed, so that the insulation The member 33 deforms, so that the expansion deformation of the electrode assembly 32 is released.
  • a portion of the insulating member 33 is bent relative to the first direction X and covers at least a portion of the end of the electrode body 321 along the first direction X.
  • both ends of the insulating member 33 along the first direction X may be provided with bent portions, or only one end of the insulating member 33 in the first direction X may be provided with a bent portion.
  • the insulating member 33 is arranged to be bent relative to the first direction X and cover at least a part of the end of the electrode body 321 along the first direction
  • the main body 321 is engaged with the insulating member 33 to reduce the risk that the insulating member moves along the first direction X and the insulation between the electrode main body 321 and the housing 31 cannot be achieved.
  • the insulating member 33 includes a first insulating member 331 and a second insulating member 332.
  • the first insulating member 331 includes a first part 3311 and two second parts 3312 connected to the first part 3311.
  • the second insulating member 332 It includes a third part 3321 and two fourth parts 3322 connected to the third part 3321.
  • the first part 3311 is arranged opposite to a second surface 3212
  • the third part 3321 is arranged opposite to another second surface 3212. It is located at the electrode assembly 32
  • the second part 3312 and the fourth part 3322 on the same side are arranged opposite to the first surface 3211.
  • the second portion 3312 and the fourth portion 3322 located on the same side of the electrode assembly 32 are spaced apart and form the opening 33a.
  • first insulating member 331 and the second insulating member 332 are disposed relative to each other along the second direction Y.
  • the first insulating member 331 and the second insulating member 332 respectively form a "U" shape and are disposed relative to each other so that the first insulating member 331
  • Two openings 33a are formed on opposite sides of the second insulating member 332, and the openings 33a are arranged opposite to the second surface 3212.
  • the parts opposite to the two second surfaces 3212 are respectively formed along the first direction X.
  • the opening 33a provided therethrough is conducive to further improving the uniformity of deformation of the electrode assembly 32.
  • the support member 34 is adhesively connected to the second portion 3312 and the fourth portion 3322 on the same side of the electrode assembly 32 respectively.
  • the support member 34 is beneficial to the support member 34 covering the opening 33a to achieve insulation between the electrode assembly 32 and the housing 31 set up.
  • the support member 34 is adhesively connected to the second part 3312 and the fourth part 3322, which is helpful to reduce the circumferential movement of the support member 34 relative to the electrode assembly 32 during the operation of the battery cell 30, which may cause the electrode assembly 32 to Risk of insulation failure with housing 31.
  • the battery 10 provided according to the embodiment of the present application includes the battery cell 30 provided in any of the above embodiments.
  • the battery 10 provided in the embodiment of the present application uses the battery cell 30 provided in any of the above embodiments, and therefore has the same technical effect, which will not be described again here.
  • the electrical device provided according to the embodiment of the present application includes the battery 10 provided in the above embodiment, and the battery 10 is used to provide electric energy.

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Abstract

本申请提供一种电池单体、电池以及用电装置。电池单体包括外壳、电极组件、绝缘件和支撑件；电极组件，容纳于外壳内，电极组件包括电极主体和极耳，极耳由电极主体的端部引出；绝缘件容纳于外壳内并附接于电极主体的周侧面，绝缘件设有开口；支撑件，用于支撑电极组件并覆盖开口。本申请提供的电池单体，有利于提高电极组件内部各部位形变的一致性，降低电极组件发生析锂的风险，进而提高电池单体的安全性能。

Description

电池单体、电池以及用电装置 技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，并且更具体地，涉及一种电池单体、电池以及用电装置。
背景技术
电池广泛用于电子设备，例如手机、笔记本电脑、电瓶车、电动汽车、电动飞机、电动轮船、电动玩具汽车、电动玩具轮船、电动玩具飞机和电动工具等等。电池单体可以包括镉镍电池单体、氢镍电池单体、锂离子电池单体和二次碱性锌锰电池单体等。
在电池单体技术的发展中，除了提高电池单体的使用性能外，如何电提高电池单体的安全性能也是一个不可忽视的问题。提高电池单体的安全性能对于节约能源有着重大的影响。因此，如何提高电池单体的安全性能，是电池单体技术中一个持续改进的技术问题。
发明内容
本申请提供了一种电池单体、电池以及用电装置，能够提高电池单体的安全性能。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供一种电池单体，电池单体包括外壳、电极组件、绝缘件和支撑件；电极组件，容纳于外壳内，电极组件包括电极主体和极耳，极耳由电极主体的端部引出；绝缘件，容纳于外壳内并附接于电极主体的周侧面，绝缘件设有开口；支撑件，用于支撑电极组件并覆盖开口。
本申请实施例提供的电池单体，通过设置绝缘件具有开口，电池单体在工作的过程中，开口可以为电极组件的膨胀提供空间，降低电极组件在膨胀的过程中，各部位形变不均匀的风险，有利于提高电极组件内部各部位形变的一致性，降低电极组件析锂的风险，进而提高电池单体的安全性能。
在一些实施例中，电极组件具有沿第二方向相对设置的两个第一表面和沿第三方向相对设置的两个第二表面，第二表面连接两个第一表面，极耳位于电极主体沿第一方向的端部，第一方向、第二方向以及第三方向两两垂直；两个第一表面和两个第二表面中的至少一者与开口相对设置。如此，可以根据电极组件具体的膨胀变形方向，将开口设置在绝缘件的合适位置，以最大限度地释放电极组件的膨胀形变。
在一些实施例中，绝缘件与两个第一表面相对的部位分别设置有开口。如此， 有利于进一步提高电极组件膨胀变形的均一性，降低电极组件析锂的风险。
在一些实施例中，两个开口的至少部分沿第二方向相对设置。如此，在电极组件膨胀的过程中，使得电极组件沿第二方向的对称设置的两侧膨胀变形的释放量尽可能的一致，进一步有利于提高电极组件膨胀变形的均一性。
在一些实施例中，第一表面的面积小于第二表面的面积，两个第一表面中的至少一者的至少部分与开口相对设置。无论对于叠片式的电极组件，还是对于卷绕式的电极组件，在电池单体工作的过程中，电极组件的膨胀变形主要发生在面积较大的两个第二表面相对的方向，即第三方向，因此，设置两个第一表面的至少一者的至少部分与开口相对设置，有利于最大限度地释放电极组件的膨胀变形，以最大成程度地降低电极组件析锂的风险。
在一些实施例中，电极组件包括极性相反的两个极片和隔离件，隔离件和两个极片沿第三方向堆叠设置。如此，电极组件为叠片式，且沿第三方向堆叠设置，随之电池单体的循环充放电，电极组件主要沿第三方向产生膨胀变形。因此，如此设置，有利于最大限度的释放电极组件产生的膨胀变形，以最大限度地降低电极组件析锂的风险。
在一些实施例中，第一表面呈弧形，第二表面呈平面形。对应电极组件为卷绕式，由于电极组件沿第三方向的压实密度大于沿第二方向的压实密度，因此，随着电池单体的循环充放电，电极组件主要沿第三方向产生膨胀变形，而设置至少一个第一表面的至少部分与开口相对设置，有利于最大限度的释放电极组件产生的膨胀变形，以最大限度地降低电极组件析锂的风险。
在一些实施例中，沿电极主体的周向，开口具有相对设置的两个侧边，两个侧边的间距D满足：D≥0mm。可以根据电极组件的压实密度等，合理设置开口的两个侧边的间距，以在实现释放电极组件的膨胀变形的同时，保证绝缘件对电极组件和外壳的绝缘隔离的作用。
在一些实施例中，与开口对应的支撑件的尺寸为W，W＞D。有利于保证在电极组件膨胀变形后，支撑件依然能够完全覆盖开口，以保证电极组件和外壳的绝缘隔离，使得电池单体能够正常工作。
在一些实施例中，外壳具有容置空间，电极组件容纳于容置空间内；沿两个侧边相对的方向，容置空间的最大尺寸为S，W-D≥0.07S。如此，电极组件膨胀的过程中，随着开口的两个侧边间距的增大，有利于提高支撑件能够覆盖开口的可能性，进而提高电池单体的工作安全性。
在一些实施例中，极耳设置于电极主体沿第一方向的端部，开口沿第一方向贯穿绝缘件设置。如此，有利于电极组件的膨胀形变快速地得到最大程度的释放，进而提高电极组件膨胀变形的均一性。
在一些实施例中，极耳设置于电极主体沿第一方向的端部，开口包括多个子开口，多个子开口至少沿第一方向间隔设置。如此设置，在电极组件膨胀的过程中，便于绝缘件的两个子开口之间的部分产生沿垂直于第一方向的形变，甚至断裂，以使电极组件的膨胀变形能够得到释放。
在一些实施例中，沿第一方向，绝缘件的尺寸为L，多个子开口的总尺寸为L1，1/3≤L1/L＜1。电极组件在膨胀的过程中，在膨胀力的作用下，绝缘件位于子开口沿第一方向两端的部分更加容易发生断裂，以使绝缘件沿第一方向整体断裂，如此，便于实现电极组件的膨胀形变得到释放的目的。
在一些实施例中，绝缘件位于子开口沿第一方向两侧的部分的厚度e满足：0.03mm≤e≤0.2mm。便于绝缘件的加工，并使得绝缘件位于子开口沿第一方向两侧的区域具有较小的截面积，进而具有较小的断裂应力，以在电极组件的膨胀力的作用下，绝缘件位于子开口沿第一方向两侧的区域能够及时断裂，为电极组件的膨胀预留足够的空间。
在一些实施例中，极耳设置于电极主体沿第一方向的端部，沿第一方向，绝缘件伸出电极主体设置，且绝缘件伸出电极主体的距离h满足：h≥2mm。如此，有利于保证绝缘件对电极组件和外壳的绝缘效果，降低电极组件与外壳短路的风险。
在一些实施例中，绝缘件与电极主体粘接连接。如此，有利于保持绝缘件与电极主体的连接关系，降低绝缘件相对电极主体的周向产生窜动而造成电极主体和外壳绝缘失效的风险。
在一些实施例中，支撑件与绝缘件粘接连接。如此，有利于保持支撑件对电极主体和外壳的绝缘效果。
在一些实施例中，绝缘件的一部分相对第一方向弯折并覆盖电极主体沿第一方向的端部的至少一部分。如此，可以通过绝缘件与电极主体端部对应的位置，实现电极主体与绝缘件的卡接，以降低绝缘那件沿第一方向产生窜动而无法实现电极主体与外壳的绝缘的风险。
在一些实施例中，绝缘件包括第一绝缘件和第二绝缘件，第一绝缘件包括第一部分和连接于第一部分的两个第二部分，第二绝缘件包括第三部分和连接于第三部分的两个第四部分，第一部分与一个第二表面相对设置，第三部分与另一个第二表面相对设置，位于电极组件同侧的第二部分和第四部分与第一表面相对设置；位于电极组件同侧的第二部分和第四部分间隔设置并形成开口。如此，有利于进一步提高电极组件形变的均一性。
在一些实施例中，支撑件分别与电极组件同侧的第二部分和第四部分粘接连接。如此设置，有利于保证支撑件对电极组件和外壳的绝缘效果。
第二方面，本申请实施例提供了一种电池，包括如第一方面任一实施例的电池单体。
根据本申请实施例提供的电池，由于采用上述任一实施例提供的电池单体，因而具有同样的技术效果，在此不再赘述。
第三方面，本申请实施例提供了一种用电装置，包括如第二方面实施例的电池，电池用于提供电能。
根据本申请实施例提供的用电装置，由于采用了本申请实施例提供的电池，因而具有同样的技术效果，在此不再赘述。
本申请实施例体提供的电池单体、电池以及用电装置，通过设置绝缘件具有开 口，电池单体在工作的过程中，开口可以为电极组件的膨胀提供空间，降低电极组件在膨胀的过程中，各部位形变不均匀的风险，有利于提高电极组件内部各部位形变的一致性，降低电极组件析锂的风险，进而提高电池单体的安全性能。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对本申请实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请一实施例提供的车辆的结构示意图；
图2为本申请一实施例提供的电池的爆炸示意图；
图3为本申请实施例提供的电池中电池模块的结构示意图；
图4为本申请一些实施例提供的一种电池单体的爆炸示意图；
图5为本申请实施例提供的另一种电池单体的爆炸结构示意图；
图6为本申请实施例提供的电池单体中绝缘件的结构示意图；
图7为本申请实施例提供的电池单体的主视图；
图8为图7沿A-A的剖视结构示意图；
图9为图8中B处的局部放大图。
在附图中，附图未必按照实际的比例绘制。
附图标记说明：
1、车辆；1a、马达；1b、控制器；
10、电池；11、第一箱体部；12、第二箱体部；
20、电池模块；
30、电池单体；
31、外壳；31a、容置空间；311、壳体；311a、通口；312、端盖；
32、电极组件；321、电极主体；3211、第一表面；3212、第二表面；322、极耳；
33、绝缘件；33a、开口；331a、子开口；332a、侧边；331、第一绝缘件；3311、第一部分；3312、第二部分；332、第二绝缘件；3321、第三部分；3322、第四部分；
34、支撑件；
X、第一方向；Y、第二方向；Z、第三方向。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通 技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
除非另有定义，本申请所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本申请中在申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。本申请的说明书和权利要求书或上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别不同对象，而不是用于描述特定顺序或主次关系。
在本申请中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“附接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
本申请中术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，C和/或D，可以表示：单独存在C，同时存在C和D，单独存在D这三种情况。另外，本申请中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请的实施例中，相同的附图标记表示相同的部件，并且为了简洁，在不同实施例中，省略对相同部件的详细说明。应理解，附图示出的本申请实施例中的各种部件的厚度、长宽等尺寸，以及集成装置的整体厚度、长宽等尺寸仅为示例性说明，而不应对本申请构成任何限定。
本申请中出现的“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)。
本申请中，电池单体可以包括锂离子二次电池单体、锂离子一次电池单体、锂硫电池单体、钠锂离子电池单体、钠离子电池单体或镁离子电池单体等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。电池单体可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等，本申请实施例对此也不限定。电池单体一般按封装的方式分成三种：柱形电池单体、方形电池单体和软包电池单体，本申请实施例对此也不限定。
本申请的实施例所提到的电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。例如，本申请中所提到的电池可以包括电池模块或电池包等。电池一般包括用于封装一个或多个电池单体的箱体。箱体可以避免液体或其他异物影响电池单体的充电或放电。
电池单体包括电极组件和电解液，电极组件包括正极极片、负极极片和隔离件。电池单体主要依靠金属离子在正极极片和负极极片之间移动来工作。正极极片包括正极集流体和正极活性物质层，正极活性物质层涂覆于正极集流体的表面；正极集流体包括正极集流部和凸出于正极集流部的正极凸部，正极集流部涂覆有正极活性物质层，正极凸部的至少部分未涂覆正极活性物质层，正极凸部作为正极极耳。以锂离子电池 为例，正极集流体的材料可以为铝，正极活性物质层包括正极活性物质，正极活性物质可以为钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂、三元锂或锰酸锂等。负极极片包括负极集流体和负极活性物质层，负极活性物质层涂覆于负极集流体的表面；负极集流体包括负极集流部和凸出于负极集流部的负极凸部，负极集流部涂覆有负极活性物质层，负极凸部的至少部分未涂覆负极活性物质层，负极凸部作为负极极耳。负极集流体的材料可以为铜，负极活性物质层包括负极活性物质，负极活性物质可以为碳或硅等。为了保证通过大电流而不发生熔断，正极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起，负极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起。隔离件的材质可以为PP(polypropylene，聚丙烯)或PE(polyethylene，聚乙烯)等。此外，电极组件可以是卷绕式结构，也可以是叠片式结构，本申请实施例并不限于此。
发明人发现电池单体的安全性能不高的问题后，便对电池单体的结构和工作过程进行了系统的分析和研究，结果发现，电池单体中通常设置绝缘件包裹在电极组件沿周向的一周，以实现电极组件与外壳的绝缘设置。而在电池单体在工作的过程中，电机组件会发生一定的膨胀，而由于绝缘件的束缚，电极组件内部的膨胀应力无法释放，导致电极组件内部不同部位的形变不一致，造成电极组件发生析锂的问题，如此，严重影响了电池单体的安全性能。
基于发明人发现的上述问题，发明人对电池单体的结构进行了改进，本申请实施例描述的技术方案适用于电池单体、包含电池单体的电池以及使用电池的用电装置。
根据本申请实施例提供的电池单体包括外壳、电极组件、绝缘件和支撑件。电极组件容纳于外壳内，电极组件包括电极主体和极耳，极耳由电极主体的端部引出。绝缘件容纳于外壳内并附接于电极主体的周侧面，绝缘件设有开口。支撑件用于支撑电极组件并覆盖开口。
本申请实施例提供的电池单体，通过设置绝缘件具有开口，并设置支撑件覆盖开口设置，在实现电极组件与外壳的绝缘设置的前提下，电极组件在膨胀的过程中，可以通过开口释放应力，使得电极组件的膨胀变形的过程中，各部分的形变尽可能的一致，有利于降低电极组件发生析锂的风险，以提高电池单体的安全性能。
用电装置可以是车辆、手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、轮船、航天器、电动玩具和电动工具等等。车辆可以是燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等；航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等；电动玩具包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等；电动工具包括金属切削电动工具、研磨电动工具、装配电动工具和铁道用电动工具，例如，电钻、电动砂轮机、电动扳手、电动螺丝刀、电锤、冲击电钻、混凝土振动器和电刨等等。本申请实施例对上述用电装置不做特殊限制。
以下实施例为了方便说明，以用电装置为车辆为例进行说明。
如图1所示，车辆1的内部设置有电池10。电池10可以设置在车辆1的底部或头部或尾部。电池10可以用于车辆1的供电，例如，电池10可以作为车辆1的操作电源。
车辆1还可以包括控制器1b和马达1a。控制器1b用来控制电池10为马达1a供电，例如，用于车辆1的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在本申请一些实施例中，电池10不仅仅可以作为车辆1的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1的驱动电源，代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气为车辆1提供驱动动力。
参见图2所示，电池10包括电池单体(图2未示出)。电池10还可以包括用于容纳电池单体的箱体。
箱体用于容纳电池单体，箱体可以是多种结构形式。在一些实施例中，箱体可以包括第一箱体部部11和第二箱体部12。第一箱体部11与第二箱体部12相互盖合。第一箱体部11和第二箱体部12共同限定出用于容纳电池单体的容纳空间。第二箱体部12可以是一端开口的空心结构，第一箱体部11为板状结构，第一箱体部11盖合于第二箱体部12的开口侧，以形成具有容纳空间的箱体；第一箱体部11和第二箱体部12也可以均为一侧开口的空心结构。第一箱体部11的开口侧盖合于第二箱体部12的开口侧，以形成具有容纳空间的箱体。当然，第一箱体部11和第二箱体部12可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。
为提高第一箱体部11和第二箱体部12连接后的密封性，第一箱体部11和第二箱体部12之间还可以设置密封件，比如，密封胶、密封圈等。
假设第一箱体部11盖合于第二箱体部12，第一箱体部11亦可称之为上箱盖，第二箱体部12亦可称之为下箱体。
在电池10中，电池单体可以是一个，也可以是多个。若电池单体为多个，多个电池单体之间可串联或并联或混联。混联是指多个电池单体中既有串联又有并联。多个电池单体之间可直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将多个电池单体构成的整体容纳于箱体内，也可以是多个电池单体先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块20。多个电池模块20再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体内。
在一些实施例中，如图3所示，图3为图2所示的电池模块20的结构示意图。在电池模块20中，电池单体30为多个。多个电池单体30先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块20。多个电池模块20再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体内。
在一些实施例，电池模块20中的多个电池单体30之间可通过汇流部件实现电连接，以实现电池模块20中的多个电池单体30的并联或串联或混联。
图4为图3所示的电池单体30的一种爆炸示意图，图5为图3所示的电池单体30的另一种爆炸示意图。如图6示出了本申请实施例提供的电池单体中绝缘件33的一种结构示意图；如图7示出了本申请实施例提供的电池单体30的主视图；如图8示出了图7沿A-A的剖视结构示意图；如图9示出了图8中B处的局部放大图。
如图4和图5所示，本申请实施例提供的电池单体30包括外壳31、电极组件32、绝缘件33和支撑件34。电极组件32容纳于外壳31内，电极组件32包括电极主体321和极耳322，极耳322有电极主体321的端部引出。绝缘件33容纳于外壳31内并附接于电极主体321的周侧面，绝缘件33设有开口33a。支撑件34用于支撑电极组件32并覆盖开口33a。
可选地，外壳31可以包括壳体311和端盖312，壳体311可以为一侧具有通口 311a的空心结构，端盖312盖合于壳体311的开口33a处并形成密封连接，以形成用于容纳电极组件32和电解质的密封空间。或者，壳体311可以为两端具有通口311a的空心结构，两个端盖312分别盖合于壳体311两端的通口311a处并形成密封连接，以形成用于容纳电极组件32和电解质的密封空间。
可选地，外壳31还可容纳有电解质，例如电解液。
在组装电池单体30时，可先将电极组件32放入壳体311内，再将端盖312盖合于壳体311的通口311a，然后经由端盖312上的电解质注入口将电解质注入壳体311内。
壳体311可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。壳体311的形状可以根据电极组件32的具体形状来确定。例如，若电极组件32为圆柱体结构，壳体311则可选用为圆柱体结构。若电极组件32为长方体结构，壳体311则可选用长方体结构。在图4中，示例性地，壳体311和电极组件32均为长方体结构。
壳体311的材质可以是多种，比如，铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金等，本申请实施例对此不作特殊限制。
容纳于壳体311内的电极组件32可以是一个或多个。在图4中，容纳于壳体311内的电极组件32为一个。
电极组件32中的极耳322分为正极耳和负极耳。正极耳可以是正极集流体中未涂覆正极活性物质层的部分。负极耳可以是负极集流体中未涂覆负极活性物质层的部分。
正极极耳和负极极耳可以从电极主体321的同一端引出，或者，正极极耳和负极极耳分别从电极主体321相对的两端引出。
绝缘件33容纳于外壳31内并附接于电极主体321的周侧面，则绝缘件33与电极主体321的周侧面可以通过粘接等方式连接在一起，或者，绝缘件33与电极主体321仅仅是接触，以通过绝缘件33实现电极组件32与外壳31的绝缘设置。
绝缘件33设置有开口33a，则开口33a可以沿任意方向贯穿绝缘件33设置，或者，开口33a可以沿任意方向间隔设置。
可选地，绝缘件33的开口33a可以是通过去除材料的方式形成的，或者，绝缘件33与开口33a对应的位置仅仅是被切断了，即绝缘件33没有通过去除材料的方式形成开口33a，如此，在电池单体30制造之初，绝缘件33完全覆盖电极组件32的周侧表面，随着电池单体30使用时间的增加，电极组件32发生膨胀，开口33a被撑开，电极组件32可以通过开口33a裸露于绝缘件33的外部。
可选地，可以设置绝缘件33具有一个开口33a，或者，设置绝缘件33具有多个开口33a，多个开口33a可以间隔设置。
可选地，电极组件32可以呈圆柱形或者方形，在电极组件32呈圆柱形的实施例中，多个开口33a可以沿电极组件32的轴向延伸，并沿电极组件32的周向间隔设置。在电极组件32呈方形的实施例中，可以在绝缘件33与电极组件32的任一表面对应的区域设置开口33a，或者在绝缘件33与电极组件32的多个表面对应的区域均设置有开口33a。
支撑件34支撑电极组件32并覆盖开口33a，则支撑件34为电极组件32提供一定的支撑作用，降低电极组件32发生较大的形变而影响其正常工作的风险。支撑件34覆盖开口33a，以使电极组件32与开口33a对应设置的部分与外壳31绝缘设置。
可选地，支撑件34可以设置在绝缘件33与电极组件32之间，并覆盖开口33a设置，或者，绝缘件33也可以设置在绝缘件33与外壳31之间，并覆盖开口33a设置。可以根据实际需求进行选取，这里不做限制。
可选地，支撑件34与绝缘件33可以仅仅是接触或者抵接在一起，或者可以通过粘接的方式实现支撑件34与绝缘件33的粘接连接。
可选地，绝缘件33可以是膨胀胶，或者由其它绝缘材料制成的零件。
在绝缘件33上设置开口33a，则在电池单体30工作过程中，电极组件32逐渐膨胀，绝缘件33在电极组件32的膨胀力的作用下产生形变，开口33a变大，为电极组件32的膨胀提供空间。或者，在开口33a没有贯穿绝缘件33设置的实施例中，随着电极组件32的逐渐膨胀，绝缘件33设置有开口33a的区域在电极组件32的膨胀力的作用下产生形变，或者被撑破，如此，依然可以为电极组件32的膨胀提供空间。
本申请实施例提供的电池单体30，通过设置绝缘件33具有开口33a，电池单体30在工作的过程中，开口33a可以为电极组件32的膨胀提供空间，降低电极组件32在膨胀的过程中，各部位形变不均匀的风险，有利于提高电极组件32内部各部位形变的一致性，降低电极组件32析锂的风险，进而提高电池单体30的安全性能。
在一些实施例中，电极组件32具有沿第二方向Y相对设置的两个第一表面3211和沿第三方向Z相对设置的两个第二表面3212，第二表面3212连接两个第一表面3211，极耳322位于电极主体321沿第一方向X的两端，第一方向X、第二方向Y以及第三方向Z两两垂直。两个第一表面3211和两个第二表面3212中的至少一者与开口33a相对设置。
可选地，第一表面3211可以为平面，或者，第一表面3211可以为曲面。同理，第二表面3212可以为平面，或者，第二表面3212可以为曲面。
可选地，可以设置第一表面3211的面积大于第二表面3212的面积，或者设置第一表面3211的面积小于第二表面3212的面积。
设置两个第一表面3211和两个第二表面3212中的至少一者与开口33a相对设置，即设置绝缘件33与两个第一表面3211和两个第二表面3212中的一者或者多者相对设置的区域设置有开口33a。
可以理解的是，在绝缘件33与第一表面3211相对的区域设置有开口33a的实施例中，开口33a可以沿第三方向Z变大，即开口33a可以释放电极组件32沿第三方向Z的膨胀变形。而在绝缘件33与第二表面3212相对的区域设置有开口33a的实施例中，开口33a可以沿第二方向Y变大，即开口33a可以释放电极组件32沿第二方向Y的膨胀形变。
因此，可以根据电极组件32具体的膨胀变形方向，将开口33a设置在绝缘件33的合适位置，以最大限度地释放电极组件32的膨胀形变。
在一些实施例中，绝缘件33与两个第一表面3211相对的部位分别设置有开口 33a。
如此，在电极组件32产生沿第三方向Z的膨胀变形的时候，分别与两个第一表面3211相对设置的两个开口33a均沿第三方向Z产生形变，则电极组件32沿第二方向Y的两侧的膨胀变形都能够得到释放，有利于进一步提高电极组件32膨胀变形的均一性，降低电极组件32析锂的风险。
可选地，还可以同时设置绝缘件33与两个第一表面3211相对的部分分别设置有开口33a，以进一步释放电极组件32沿第二方向Y的形变，提高电极组件32形变的均一性。
在一些实施例中，两个开口33a的至少部分沿第二方向Y相对设置。
可选地，沿第二方向Y，与两个第一表面3211相对设置的两个开口33a可以部分相对设置，也可以全部相对设置。
如此，在电极组件32膨胀的过程中，使得电极组件32沿第二方向Y的对称设置的两侧膨胀变形的释放量尽可能的一致，进一步有利于提高电极组件32膨胀变形的均一性。
在一些实施例中，第一表面3211的面积小于第二表面3212的面积，两个第一表面3211的至少一者的至少部分与开口33a相对设置。
可选地，可以设置绝缘件33与其中一个第一表面3211相对的区域具有开口33a，或者，设置绝缘件33与两个第一表面3211相对的区域均具有开口33a。
可选地，开口33a可以与第一表面3211的一部分相对设置，或者，开口33a与整个第一表面3211相对设置。
可选地，电极组件32可以是卷绕式，或者电极组件32为叠片式。在电极组件32为卷绕式的实施例中，第一表面3211可以为弧形面，在电极组件32为叠片式的实施例中，第一表面3211可以为平面。
无论对于叠片式的电极组件32，还是对于卷绕式的电极组件32，在电池单体30工作的过程中，电极组件32的膨胀变形主要发生在面积较大的两个第二表面3212相对的方向，即第三方向Z，因此，设置两个第一表面3211的至少一者的至少部分与开口33a相对设置，有利于最大限度地释放电极组件32的膨胀变形，以最大成程度地降低电极组件32析锂的风险。
在一些实施例中，电极组件32包括极性相反的两个极片和隔离件，隔离件和两个极片沿第三方向Z堆叠设置。
对应电极组件32为叠片式，且沿第三方向Z堆叠设置，则随着电池单体30的循环充放电，电极组件32主要沿第三方向Z产生膨胀变形。因此，设置至少第一表面3211的至少部分与开口33a相对设置，有利于最大限度的释放电极组件32产生的膨胀变形，以最大限度地降低电极组件32析锂的风险。
在一些实施例中，第一表面3211呈弧形，第二表面3212呈平面形。
如此，电极组件32可以是卷绕式电极组件32，则电极组件32卷绕完成后，会对电极组件32施加沿第三方向Z的压力，以提高电极组件32沿第三方向Z的压实密度。由于电极组件32沿第三方向Z的压实密度大于沿第二方向Y的压实密度，随着电 池单体30的循环充放电，电极组件32主要沿第三方向Z产生膨胀变形，而设置至少一个第一表面3211的至少部分与开口33a相对设置，有利于最大限度的释放电极组件32产生的膨胀变形，以最大限度地降低电极组件32析锂的风险。
如图5、图7、图8和图9所示，在一些实施例中，沿电极主体321的周向，开口33a具有相对设置的两个侧边332a，两个侧边332a的间距D满足：D≥0mm。
可选地，两个侧边332a的间距D可以等于0mm、1mm或者2mm等。
在两个侧边332a的间距D＝0mm的实施例中，绝缘件33与开口33a对应的区域只是被隔断了，随着电极组件32的逐渐膨胀，开口33a逐渐被撑开，两个侧边332a的距离逐渐增大。如此设置，依然可以实现电极组件32释放膨胀变形的目的。
因此，可以根据电极组件32的压实密度等，合理设置开口33a的两个侧边332a的间距，以在实现释放电极组件32的膨胀变形的同时，保证绝缘件33对电极组件32和外壳31的绝缘隔离的作用。
在一些实施例中，在一些实施例中，沿两个侧边332a相对的方向，与开口33a对应的支撑件34的尺寸为W，W＞D。
可选地，W可以为1.1D、1.2D或者1.3D等。
在电极组件32膨胀变形后，开口33a的两个侧边332a的距离变大，因此，设置W＞D，有利于保证在电极组件32膨胀变形后，支撑件34依然能够完全覆盖开口33a，以保证电极组件32和外壳31的绝缘隔离，使得电池单体30能够正常工作。
在一些实施例中，外壳31具有容置空间31a，电极组件32容纳于容置空间31a内。沿两个侧边332a相对的方向，容置空间31a的最大尺寸为S，W-D≥0.07S。
可选地，(W-D)可以为0.007S、0.008S、0.01S或者0.012S等。
如此，电极组件32膨胀的过程中，随着开口33a的两个侧边332a间距的增大，有利于提高支撑件34能够覆盖开口33a的可能性，进而提高电池单体30的工作安全性。
在一些实施例中，极耳322设置于电极主体321沿第一方向X的端部，开口33a沿第一方向X贯穿绝缘件33设置
可以理解的是，开口33a沿第一方向X贯穿绝缘件33设置，则开口33a的两个侧边332a沿第一方向X延伸，在电极组件32膨胀的过程中，开口33a的两个侧边332a可以沿与第一方向X垂直的方向产生相对运动，以增大开口33a子的尺寸，进而为电极组件32的膨胀变形提供空间。
因此，设置开口33a沿第一方向X贯穿设置，有利于电极组件32的膨胀形变快速地得到最大程度的释放，进而提高电极组件32膨胀变形的均一性。
如图5和6所示，在一些实施例中，极耳322设置于电极主体321沿第一方向X的端部，开口33a包括多个子开口331a，多个子开口331a至少沿第一方向X间隔设置。
可选地，多个子开口331a可以沿第一方向X排列呈一排，或者，多个子开口331a子可以既沿第一方向X排列，又沿垂直于第一方向X的排列，即多个子开口331a沿第一方向X排列呈多排。
可以理解的是，设置多个子开口331a沿第一方向X间隔设置，在电极组件32膨胀的过程中，便于绝缘件33的两个子开口331a之间的部分产生沿垂直于第一方向X的形变，甚至断裂，以使电极组件32的膨胀形变能够得到释放。
因此，设置开口33a包括多个子开口331a，并设置多个子开口331a至少沿第一方向X间隔设置，进一步有利于电极组件32膨胀形变的释放，以提高电极组件32形变的均一性。
可选地，多个子开口331a可以沿第一方向X均匀间隔设置，以进一步提高电极组件32形变释放的均一性。
在一些实施例中，沿第一方向X，绝缘件33的尺寸为L，多个子开口331a的总尺寸为L1，1/3≤L1/L＜1。
可选地，L1/L可以为1/3、0.5、0.6、0.8或者0.9等。
可以理解的是，L1//L的数值越大，沿第一方向X，位于两个子开口331a之间的绝缘件33的尺寸越小，电极组件32在膨胀的过程中，在膨胀力的作用下，绝缘件33位于子开口331a沿第一方向X两端的部分更加容易发生断裂，以使绝缘件33沿第一方向X整体断裂，如此，便于实现电极组件32的膨胀形变得到释放的目的。
在一些实施例中，绝缘件33位于子开口331a沿第一方向X两侧的部分的厚度e满足：0.03mm≤e≤0.2mm。
可选的，e可以为0.03mm、0.05mm、0.08mm、0.1mm、0.12mm、0.15mm、0.2mm、0.25mm或者0.3mm等。
可以理解的是，如果绝缘件33位于子开口331a沿第一方向X的两侧的部分的厚度e的数值过小，则不利于绝缘件33上子开口331a的加工。而如果绝缘件33位于子开口331a沿第一方向X的两侧的部分的厚度e的数值过大，则在电极组膨胀的过程中，绝缘件33位于子开口331a沿第一方向X两侧的部分难以发生断裂，绝缘件33对电极组件32产生一定的束缚力，造成电极组件32的膨胀变形无法释放的后果。
因此，设置绝缘件33位于子开口331a沿第一方向X两侧的部分的厚度e满足上述关系，便于绝缘件33的加工，并使得绝缘件33位于子开口331a沿第一方向X两侧的区域具有较小的截面积，进而具有较小的断裂应力，以在电极组件32的膨胀力的作用下，绝缘件33位于子开口331a沿第一方向X两侧的区域能够及时断裂，为电极组件32的膨胀预留足够的空间。
在一些实施例中，极耳322设置于电极主体321沿第一方向X的端部，沿第一方向X，绝缘件33伸出电极主体321设置，且绝缘件33伸出电极主体321的距离h满足h≥2mm。
可选地，h可以为2mm、2.5mm或者3mm等。
可选地，可以设置绝缘件33伸出电极主体321的一端的距离h满足上述关系，或者，可以设置绝缘件33伸出电极主体321两端的距离h均满足上述关系。
可以理解的是，设置绝缘件33伸出电极主体321的距离h满足上述关系，有利于保证绝缘件33对电极组件32和外壳31的绝缘效果，降低电极组件32与外壳31短路的风险。
在一些实施例中，绝缘件33与电极主体321粘接连接。
可选地，可以设置绝缘件33与电极主体321接触部分的一部分粘接连接，或者，设置绝缘件33与电极主体321的全部粘接连接。
设置绝缘件33与电极主体321粘接连接，则绝缘件33与电极主体321之间具有一定的粘接力，在电池单体30受到振动或者冲击等外部载荷时，有利于保持绝缘件33与电极主体321的连接关系，降低绝缘件33相对电极主体321的周向产生窜动而造成电极主体321和外壳31绝缘失效的风险。
在一些实施例中，支撑件34与绝缘件33粘接连接。
可以理解的是，支撑件34与绝缘件33粘接连接，则在电池单体30正常工作的过程中，支撑件34不会相对绝缘件33产生沿电极主体321的周向的窜动，有利于保持支撑件34对电极主体321和外壳31的绝缘效果。
需要说明的是，在电极组件32膨胀的过程中，支撑件34和绝缘件33受到电极组件32的膨胀力的作用下，支撑件34与绝缘件33的粘接连接可以被破坏，以使绝缘件33产生形变，使得电极组件32的膨胀形变得到释放。
在一些实施例中，绝缘件33的一部分相对第一方向X弯折并覆盖电极主体321沿第一方向X的端部的至少部分。
可选地，可以设置绝缘件33沿第一方向X的两端均具有弯折部分，或者，仅设置绝缘件33第一方向X的一端具有弯折部分。
可以理解的是，设置绝缘件33相对第一方向X弯折，并覆盖电极主体321沿第一方向X端部的至少一部分，可以通过绝缘件33与电极主体321端部对应的位置，实现电极主体321与绝缘件33的卡接，以降低绝缘那件沿第一方向X产生窜动而无法实现电极主体321与外壳31的绝缘的风险。
在一些实施例中，绝缘件33包括第一绝缘件331和第二绝缘件332，第一绝缘件331包括第一部分3311和连接于第一部分3311的两个第二部分3312，第二绝缘件332包括第三部分3321和连接于第三部分3321的两个第四部分3322，第一部分3311与一个第二表面3212相对设置，第三部分3321与另一个第二表面3212相对设置，位于电极组件32的同侧的第二部分3312和第四部分3322与第一表面3211相对设置。位于电极组件32同侧的第二部分3312和第四部分3322间隔设置并形成开口33a。
如此，第一绝缘件331和第二绝缘件332沿第二方向Y相对设置，第一绝缘件331和第二绝缘件332分别呈“U”形，并相对设置，以在第一绝缘件331和第二绝缘件332的相对的两侧形成两个开口33a，开口33a与第二表面3212相对设置。
如此设置，在实现第一绝缘件331和第二绝缘件332对电极组件32和外壳31的绝缘效果的基础上，通过在与两个第二表面3212相对的部位分别形有沿第一方向X贯穿设置的开口33a，有利于进一步提高电极组件32形变的均一性。
在一些实施例中，支撑件34分别与电极组件32同侧的第二部分3312和第四部分3322粘接连接。
可以理解的是，设置支撑件34分别与电极组件32同侧的第二部分3312和第四部分3322粘接连接，有利于实现支撑件34覆盖开口33a，以实现电极组件32与外壳 31的绝缘设置。另外，支撑件34与第二部分3312和第四部分3322粘接连接，在电池单体30工作的过程中，有利于降低支撑件34相对于电极组件32产生周向窜动而造成电极组件32与外壳31的绝缘失效的风险。
根据本申请实施例提供的电池10，包括上述任一实施例提供的电池单体30。
本申请实施例提供的电池10，由于采用了上述任一实施例提供的电池单体30，因而具有同样的技术效果，在此不再赘述。
根据本申请实施例提供的用电装置，包括上述实施例提供的电池10，电池10用于提供电能。
本申请实施例提供的用电装置，由于采用了本申请实施例提供的电池10，因而具有具有同样的技术效果，在此不再赘述。
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
最后应说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换，但这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (22)

  1. 一种电池单体，包括：
    外壳；
    电极组件，容纳于所述外壳内，所述电极组件包括电极主体和极耳，所述极耳由所述电极主体的端部引出；
    绝缘件，容纳于所述外壳内并附接于所述电极主体的周侧面，所述绝缘件设有开口；以及
    支撑件，用于支撑所述电极组件并覆盖所述开口。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池单体，其中，所述电极组件具有沿第二方向相对设置的两个第一表面和沿所述第三方向相对设置的两个第二表面，所述第二表面连接两个所述第一表面，所述极耳位于所述电极主体沿第一方向的端部，所述第一方向、所述第二方向以及所述第三方向两两垂直；
    两个所述第一表面和两个所述第二表面中的至少一者与所述开口相对设置。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池单体，其中，所述绝缘件与两个所述第一表面相对的部位分别设置有所述开口。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电池单体，其中，两个所述开口的至少部分沿所述第二方向相对设置。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一表面的面积小于所述第二表面的面积，两个所述第一表面中的至少一者的至少部分与所述开口相对设置。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电池单体，其中，所述电极组件包括极性相反的两个极片和隔离件，所述隔离件和两个所述极片沿所述第三方向堆叠设置。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一表面呈弧形，所述第二表面呈平面形。
  8. 根据权利要求1至7任一项所述的电池单体，其中，沿所述电极主体的周向，所述开口具有相对设置的两个侧边，两个所述侧边的间距D满足：D≥0mm。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电池单体，其中，沿两个所述侧边相对的方向，与所述开口对应的所述支撑件的尺寸为W，W＞D。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的电池单体，其中，所述外壳具有容置空间，所述电极组件容纳于所述容置空间内；沿两个所述侧边相对的方向，所述容置空间的最大尺寸为S，W-D≥0.07S。
  11. 根据权利要求1至10任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述极耳设置于所述电极主体沿第一方向的端部，所述开口沿所述第一方向贯穿所述绝缘件设置。
  12. 根据权利要求1至10任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述极耳设置于所述电极主体沿第一方向的端部，所述开口包括多个子开口，多个所述子开口至少沿所述第一方向间隔设置。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的电池单体，其中，沿所述第一方向，所述绝缘件的尺寸 为L，多个所述子开口的总尺寸为L1，1/3≤L1/L＜1。
  14. 根据权利12或者13所述的电池单体，其中，所述绝缘件位于所述子开口沿所述第一方向两侧的部分的厚度e满足：0.03mm≤e≤0.2mm。
  15. 根据权利要求1至14任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述极耳设置于所述电极主体沿第一方向的端部，沿所述第一方向，所述绝缘件伸出所述电极主体设置，且所述绝缘件伸出所述电极主体的距离h满足：h≥2mm。
  16. 根据权利要求1至16任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述绝缘件与所述电极主体粘接连接。
  17. 根据权利要求1至16任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述支撑件与所述绝缘件粘接连接。
  18. 根据权利要求2所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述绝缘件的一部分相对第一方向弯折并覆盖所述电极主体沿第一方向的端部的至少一部分。
  19. 根据权利要求2所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述绝缘件包括第一绝缘件和第二绝缘件，所述第一绝缘件包括第一部分和连接于所述第一部分的两个第二部分，所述第二绝缘件包括第三部分和连接于所述第三部分的两个第四部分，所述第一部分与一个所述第二表面相对设置，所述第三部分与另一个所述第二表面相对设置，位于所述电极组件同侧的所述第二部分和所述第四部分与所述第一表面相对设置；
    位于所述电极组件同侧的所述第二部分和所述第四部分间隔设置并形成所述开口。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述支撑件分别与所述电极组件同侧的所述第二部分和所述第四部分粘接连接。
  21. 一种电池，包括如权利要求1至20任一项所述的电池单体。
  22. 一种用电装置，包括如权利要求21所述的电池，所述电池用于提供电能。
PCT/CN2022/103736 2022-07-04 2022-07-04 电池单体、电池以及用电装置 WO2024007130A1 (zh)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108028326A (zh) * 2015-09-18 2018-05-11 锂能源和电力有限责任两合公司 电池
CN207719302U (zh) * 2018-01-03 2018-08-10 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 用于二次电池的绝缘片、二次电池及汽车
JP2018170244A (ja) * 2017-03-30 2018-11-01 株式会社豊田自動織機 蓄電装置
CN208849034U (zh) * 2018-11-22 2019-05-10 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 一种二次电池
CN110190340A (zh) * 2019-03-01 2019-08-30 青海时代新能源科技有限公司 二次电池
CN211376668U (zh) * 2019-12-02 2020-08-28 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 二次电池、电池模块以及装置

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CN108028326A (zh) * 2015-09-18 2018-05-11 锂能源和电力有限责任两合公司 电池
JP2018170244A (ja) * 2017-03-30 2018-11-01 株式会社豊田自動織機 蓄電装置
CN207719302U (zh) * 2018-01-03 2018-08-10 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 用于二次电池的绝缘片、二次电池及汽车
CN208849034U (zh) * 2018-11-22 2019-05-10 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 一种二次电池
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