WO2023220883A1 - 端盖、电池单体、电池及用电设备 - Google Patents

端盖、电池单体、电池及用电设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023220883A1
WO2023220883A1 PCT/CN2022/093133 CN2022093133W WO2023220883A1 WO 2023220883 A1 WO2023220883 A1 WO 2023220883A1 CN 2022093133 W CN2022093133 W CN 2022093133W WO 2023220883 A1 WO2023220883 A1 WO 2023220883A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pressure relief
battery
end cap
boss
facing away
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/093133
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
周文林
李全坤
王鹏
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to CN202280006796.4A priority Critical patent/CN117413402A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2022/093133 priority patent/WO2023220883A1/zh
Priority to EP22917649.0A priority patent/EP4300654A1/en
Priority to US18/353,689 priority patent/US20240021930A1/en
Publication of WO2023220883A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023220883A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H01M50/148—Lids or covers characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/15—Lids or covers characterised by their shape for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/14—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings for protecting against damage caused by external factors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/584—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries
    • H01M50/588—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries outside the batteries, e.g. incorrect connections of terminals or busbars
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/584—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries
    • H01M50/59—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries characterised by the protection means
    • H01M50/593—Spacers; Insulating plates
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H01M2200/20—Pressure-sensitive devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of batteries, specifically, to an end cover, a battery cell, a battery and electrical equipment.
  • Batteries are widely used in the field of new energy, such as electric vehicles and new energy vehicles. New energy vehicles and electric vehicles have become a new development trend in the automobile industry. There are numerous wiring harnesses arranged inside the battery. However, in scenarios where cells are inverted, some wiring harnesses are often damaged, causing battery failure.
  • the purpose of the embodiments of the present application is to provide an end cover, a battery cell, a battery and electrical equipment, which is intended to improve the problem in the related art that the wiring harness is often damaged, causing battery failure.
  • inventions of the present application provide an end cover.
  • the end cover includes a cover body, a pressure relief boss and an insulator.
  • the cover body has a pressure relief area and an outer surface; along the thickness of the cover body direction, the pressure relief boss is protruding from the outer surface and surrounds the pressure relief area; the insulation member is attached to the outer surface; wherein, along the thickness direction, the pressure relief boss The boss does not exceed an end of the insulating member facing away from the outer surface in a direction away from the outer surface.
  • the pressure relief boss of the end cover does not exceed the end of the insulation member facing away from the outer surface in the direction away from the outer surface. In this way, the height of the pressure relief boss is relatively low. The pressure relief boss will not squeeze the wire harness and cause stress concentration on the wire harness, reducing the possibility of damage to the wire harness.
  • the insulating member has a covering part covering the outer surface, and the covering part has a first surface and a second surface arranged oppositely along the thickness direction, and the The first surface faces the outer surface, the covering part is provided with a through hole penetrating the first surface and the second surface, and the pressure relief boss is accommodated in the through hole.
  • the pressure relief boss is accommodated in the through hole penetrating the first surface and the second surface of the covering part, so that the pressure relief boss does not exceed the second surface in the direction away from the outer surface. In this way, the pressure relief boss does not exceed the second surface.
  • the pressing boss will not squeeze the wire harness and cause stress concentration in the wire harness, which reduces the possibility of damage to the wire harness.
  • the surface of the pressure relief boss away from the outer surface is closer to the outer surface than the second surface.
  • the distance from the surface of the pressure relief boss away from the outer surface to the outer surface is smaller than the distance from the second surface to the outer surface. That is, along the thickness direction, the surface of the pressure relief boss away from the outer surface is lower than the second surface, so that the wire harness is not easily in contact with the pressure relief boss, which does not cause stress concentration in the wire harness, and is conducive to protecting the wire harness from damage.
  • the end cover includes a protective member, the protective member is provided on the pressure relief boss and covers the pressure relief area, and the protective member is at least partially located on inside the through hole.
  • the protective member by arranging the protective member, on the one hand, the pressure relief area can be protected to prevent external impurities from entering the pressure relief area.
  • the protective piece can prevent the electrolyte from entering the pressure relief area during liquid injection.
  • the surface of the protective member facing away from the pressure relief boss is flush with the second surface.
  • a gap is provided between the outer surface of the protective member and the hole wall of the through hole.
  • the end cover includes a protective member covering the pressure relief area.
  • the protective member by arranging the protective member, on the one hand, the pressure relief area can be protected to prevent external impurities from entering the pressure relief area.
  • the protective piece can prevent the electrolyte from entering the pressure relief area during liquid injection.
  • the protective member is provided on the pressure relief boss, and along the thickness direction, the surface of the protective member facing away from the outer surface and the insulating piece facing away from the One end of the outer surface is flush.
  • the protective member by making the surface of the protective member facing away from the outer surface flush with the end of the insulating member facing away from the outer surface, the protective member will not protrude from the insulating member, the protective member will not squeeze the wire harness, and will not cause stress concentration in the wire harness. , reducing the possibility of wiring harness damage.
  • the surface of the pressure relief boss facing away from the outer surface is flush with an end of the insulating member facing away from the outer surface.
  • the distance from the surface of the pressure relief boss facing away from the outer surface to the outer surface is equal to the distance from the surface of the insulating member facing away from the outer surface to the outer surface. That is to say, the surface of the pressure relief boss away from the outer surface and the surface of the insulation member away from the outer surface are located in the same plane, so that the wire harness is not easily in contact with the pressure relief boss, which does not cause stress concentration in the wire harness, and is conducive to protecting the wire harness from damage.
  • inventions of the present application also provide a battery cell.
  • the battery cell includes an electrode assembly, a casing and the above-mentioned end cover.
  • the casing has an accommodating space with one end open, and the accommodating space is To accommodate the electrode assembly; the end cap is connected to the housing and closes the opening.
  • inventions of the present application further provide a battery.
  • the battery includes a box and the above-mentioned battery cell, and the battery cell is accommodated in the box.
  • the end cover is provided on a side of the battery cell close to the bottom wall of the box.
  • embodiments of the present application further provide an electrical device, where the electrical device includes the above-mentioned battery, and the battery is used to provide electrical energy.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 2 is an exploded view of a battery provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic top view of an end cap provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view at position A-A in Figure 4.
  • Figure 6 is an enlarged view of position B in Figure 5;
  • Figure 7 is a schematic top view of an end cap provided by other embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view at position D-D in Figure 7;
  • Figure 9 is an enlarged view of position E in Figure 8.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic top view of an end cap provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 11 is a cross-sectional view at position F-F in Figure 10;
  • Figure 12 is an enlarged view of the G position in Figure 11.
  • Icon 10-box; 11-first part; 12-second part; 20-battery cell; 21-end cover; 211-cover body; 2111-pressure relief area; 2112-outer surface; 2113-inner surface; 212-pressure relief boss; 213-insulation piece; 2131-through hole; 214-protection piece; 215-glue layer; 22-electrode assembly; 23-casing; 100-battery; 200-controller; 300-motor; 1000-Vehicles.
  • an embodiment means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the application.
  • the appearances of this phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense.
  • connection can be a fixed connection, It can also be detachably connected or integrally connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be internal communication between two components.
  • connection can be a fixed connection
  • connection can also be detachably connected or integrally connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be internal communication between two components.
  • connection can also be detachably connected or integrally connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be internal communication between two components.
  • “Plural” appearing in this application means two or more (including two).
  • battery cells may include lithium ion secondary battery cells, lithium ion primary battery cells, lithium sulfur battery cells, sodium lithium ion battery cells, sodium ion battery cells or magnesium ion battery cells, etc.
  • the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.
  • the battery cell may be in the shape of a cylinder, a flat body, a rectangular parallelepiped or other shapes, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.
  • Battery cells are generally divided into three types according to packaging methods: cylindrical battery cells, square battery cells and soft-pack battery cells, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.
  • the battery mentioned in the embodiments of this application refers to a single physical module including one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the battery mentioned in this application may include a battery module or a battery pack.
  • Batteries generally include a box for packaging one or more battery cells. The box can prevent liquid or other foreign matter from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells.
  • the battery cell includes an electrode assembly and an electrolyte.
  • the electrode assembly consists of a positive electrode sheet, a negative electrode sheet and a separator. Battery cells mainly rely on the movement of metal ions between the positive and negative electrodes to work.
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer.
  • the positive electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive electrode current collector.
  • the positive electrode current collector that is not coated with the positive electrode active material layer protrudes from the positive electrode current collector that is coated with the positive electrode active material layer.
  • the cathode current collector without coating the cathode active material layer serves as the cathode tab.
  • the material of the positive electrode current collector can be aluminum, and the positive electrode active material can be lithium cobalt oxide, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium or lithium manganate, etc.
  • the negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer.
  • the negative electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the negative electrode current collector.
  • the negative electrode current collector that is not coated with the negative electrode active material layer protrudes from the negative electrode current collector that is coated with the negative electrode active material layer.
  • the negative electrode current collector that is not coated with the negative electrode active material layer is used as the negative electrode tab.
  • the material of the negative electrode current collector can be copper, and the negative electrode active material can be carbon or silicon.
  • the number of positive electrode lugs is multiple and stacked together, and the number of negative electrode lugs is multiple and stacked together.
  • the material of the isolation film can be PP (polypropylene, polypropylene) or PE (polyethylene, polyethylene), etc.
  • the electrode assembly may have a rolled structure or a laminated structure, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto.
  • Batteries are widely used in the field of new energy, such as electric vehicles and new energy vehicles. New energy vehicles and electric vehicles have become a new development trend in the automobile industry.
  • the inventor further studied and found that in the prior art, the height of the boss around the explosion-proof valve is higher than the height of the insulating member. In this way, when the battery core is inverted, the boss can easily squeeze the wire harness, causing stress concentration in the wire harness and causing damage to the wire harness.
  • an end cover which includes a cover body, a pressure relief boss and an insulator.
  • the pressure relief boss is protruding from the outer surface of the cover body, and the insulator is attached to the outer surface.
  • the pressure relief boss does not exceed the end of the insulation member away from the outer surface in the direction away from the outer surface.
  • the pressure relief boss of the end cover does not exceed the end of the insulator away from the outer surface in the direction away from the outer surface. In this way, the height of the pressure relief boss is relatively low. The pressure relief boss will not squeeze the wire harness and cause stress concentration on the wire harness, reducing the possibility of damage to the wire harness.
  • Power-consuming devices can be vehicles, mobile phones, portable devices, laptops, ships, spacecraft, electric toys and power tools, etc.
  • Spacecraft include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, spaceships, etc.
  • electric toys include fixed or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric ship toys, electric airplane toys, etc.
  • electric tools include metal Cutting power tools, grinding power tools, assembly power tools and railway power tools, such as electric drills, electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators and planers, etc.
  • the embodiments of this application impose no special restrictions on the above electrical equipment.
  • the electric equipment is the vehicle 1000 as an example.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle 1000 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the vehicle 1000 may be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle, and the new energy vehicle may be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or an extended-range vehicle, etc.
  • the battery 100 is disposed inside the vehicle 1000 , and the battery 100 may be disposed at the bottom, head, or tail of the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 may be used to power the vehicle 1000 , for example, the battery 100 may serve as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000 .
  • the vehicle 1000 may also include a controller 200 and a motor 300 .
  • the controller 200 is used to control the battery 100 to provide power to the motor 300 , for example, for starting, navigating and driving the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 can not only be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000 , but also can be used as a driving power source for the vehicle 1000 , replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1000 .
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the battery 100 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery 100 includes a case 10 and battery cells 20 , and the battery cells 20 are accommodated in the case 10 .
  • the box 10 is used to provide an accommodation space for the battery cells 20, and the box 10 can adopt a variety of structures.
  • the box 10 may include a first part 11 and a second part 12 , the first part 11 and the second part 12 cover each other, and the first part 11 and the second part 12 jointly define a space for accommodating the battery cells 20 of accommodation space.
  • the second part 12 may be a hollow structure with one end open, and the first part 11 may be a plate-like structure.
  • the first part 11 covers the open side of the second part 12 so that the first part 11 and the second part 12 jointly define a receiving space.
  • the first part 11 and the second part 12 may also be hollow structures with one side open, and the open side of the first part 11 is covered with the open side of the second part 12.
  • the box 10 formed by the first part 11 and the second part 12 can be in various shapes, such as cylinder, rectangular parallelepiped, etc.
  • the battery 100 there may be a plurality of battery cells 20, and the plurality of battery cells 20 may be connected in series, in parallel, or in mixed connection.
  • Mixed connection means that the plurality of battery cells 20 are connected in series and in parallel.
  • the plurality of battery cells 20 can be directly connected in series or in parallel or mixed together, and then the whole composed of the plurality of battery cells 20 can be accommodated in the box 10 ; of course, the battery 100 can also be a plurality of battery cells 20 First, the battery modules are connected in series, parallel, or mixed to form a battery module, and then multiple battery modules are connected in series, parallel, or mixed to form a whole, and are accommodated in the box 10 .
  • the battery 100 may also include other structures.
  • the battery 100 may further include a bus component for realizing electrical connections between multiple battery cells 20 .
  • Each battery cell 20 may be a secondary battery cell or a primary battery cell; it may also be a lithium-sulfur battery cell, a sodium-ion battery cell or a magnesium-ion battery cell, but is not limited thereto.
  • the battery cell 20 may be in the shape of a cylinder, a flat body, a rectangular parallelepiped or other shapes.
  • FIG. 3 is an exploded structural diagram of a battery cell 20 provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cell 20 refers to the smallest unit that constitutes the battery 100 .
  • the battery cell 20 includes an end cover 21 , an electrode assembly 22 , a case 23 and other functional components.
  • the end cap 21 refers to a component that covers the opening of the case 23 to isolate the internal environment of the battery cell 20 from the external environment.
  • the shape of the end cap 21 can be adapted to the shape of the housing 23 to fit the housing 23 .
  • the end cap 21 can be made of a material with a certain hardness and strength (such as aluminum alloy). In this way, the end cap 21 is less likely to deform when subjected to extrusion and collision, so that the battery cell 20 can have higher durability. Structural strength and safety performance can also be improved.
  • the end cap 21 may be provided with functional components such as electrode terminals (not shown in the figure). The electrode terminals may be used to electrically connect with the electrode assembly 22 for outputting or inputting electrical energy from the battery cell 20 .
  • the end cap 21 can also be made of various materials, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, plastic, etc., which are not particularly limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the housing 23 is a component used to cooperate with the end cover 21 to form an internal environment of the battery cell 20 , wherein the formed internal environment can be used to accommodate the electrode assembly 22 , electrolyte, and other components.
  • the housing 23 and the end cover 21 may be independent components, and an opening may be provided on the housing 23.
  • the end cover 21 covers the opening at the opening to form the internal environment of the battery cell 20.
  • the end cover 21 and the housing 23 can also be integrated.
  • the end cover 21 and the housing 23 can form a common connection surface before other components are put into the housing. When it is necessary to encapsulate the inside of the housing 23 When, the end cover 21 covers the housing 23 again.
  • the housing 23 can be of various shapes and sizes, such as rectangular parallelepiped, cylinder, hexagonal prism, etc. Specifically, the shape of the housing 23 can be determined according to the specific shape and size of the electrode assembly 22 .
  • the housing 23 can be made of a variety of materials, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, plastic, etc., which are not particularly limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the electrode assembly 22 is a component in the battery cell 20 where electrochemical reactions occur.
  • One or more electrode assemblies 22 may be contained within the housing 23.
  • the electrode assembly 22 is mainly formed by winding or stacking positive electrode sheets and negative electrode sheets, and an isolation film is usually provided between the positive electrode sheets and the negative electrode sheets.
  • the portions of the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet that contain active material constitute the main body of the electrode assembly 22 , and the portions of the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet that do not contain active material each constitute tabs.
  • the positive electrode tab and the negative electrode tab can be located together at one end of the main body or respectively located at both ends of the main body.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic top view of the end cap 21 provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view at position A-A in Figure 4 .
  • Figure 6 is an enlarged view of position B in Figure 5.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides an end cover 21 .
  • the end cover 21 includes a cover body 211 , a pressure relief boss 212 and an insulator 213 .
  • the cover body 211 has a pressure relief area 2111 and an outer surface 2112. Along the thickness direction of the cover body 211, the pressure relief boss 212 protrudes from the outer surface 2112 and surrounds the pressure relief area 2111. Insulator 213 is attached to outer surface 2112. Wherein, along the thickness direction, the pressure relief boss 212 in the direction away from the outer surface 2112 does not exceed one end of the insulating member 213 away from the outer surface 2112.
  • the cover body 211 is the main structure of the end cover 21 and is mainly used to close the opening of the housing 23 .
  • the shape of the cover body 211 is adapted to the shape of the opening of the housing 23 .
  • the shape of the cover body 211 is also rectangular.
  • the shape of the cover body 211 is also circular.
  • the pressure relief area 2111 is an area on the cover body 211 that implements the pressure relief function.
  • the pressure relief area 2111 may be an area on the end cover 21 where the explosion-proof disc is welded.
  • the end cover 21 is provided with a pressure relief groove, and the pressure relief area 2111 is the area inside the pressure relief groove.
  • the pressure relief boss 212 is a convex structure protruding from one side of the cover body 211 in the thickness direction (direction C as shown in FIG. 6 ) and surrounding the pressure relief area 2111 .
  • the cover body 211 has opposite inner surfaces 2113 and outer surfaces 2112 in the thickness direction.
  • the inner surface 2113 of the cover body 211 faces the inside of the housing 23 , and the outer surface 2112 of the cover body 211 is located away from the housing 23 .
  • the pressure relief boss 212 is provided on the outer surface 2112 of the cover body 211 .
  • the pressure relief boss 212 is a convex structure extending along a closed track.
  • a closed trajectory is a trajectory that is connected at both ends, such as a rectangular trajectory, an elliptical trajectory, etc.
  • the pressure relief boss 212 surrounds the rectangle.
  • the pressure relief boss 212 forms an ellipse.
  • the structure of the pressure relief boss 212 can change according to the shape of the closed track, and this embodiment does not limit this.
  • the insulating member 213 is made of a material with insulating properties, such as plastic or rubber.
  • the insulating member 213 is used to insulate the cover body 211 from the outside world and prevent the cover body 211 from being electrically connected to the outside world, which may cause a short circuit in the battery cell 20 . .
  • the insulating member 213 is bonded to the outer surface 2112 through adhesive material.
  • the insulating member 213 is bonded to the outer surface 2112 , and a glue layer 215 is formed between the insulating member 213 and the outer surface 2112 .
  • the insulating member 213 is attached and fixed to the outer surface 2112 under the action of atmospheric pressure.
  • the pressure relief boss 212 in the direction away from the outer surface 2112 does not exceed the end of the insulation member 213 away from the outer surface 2112 means that along the thickness direction, the pressure relief boss 212 faces away from the outer surface 2112 from the surface to the outer surface.
  • the distance between 2112 is less than or equal to the distance from one end of the insulating member 213 away from the outer surface 2112 to the outer surface 2112 .
  • the pressure relief boss 212 of the end cap 21 does not exceed the end of the insulating member 213 away from the outer surface 2112 in the direction away from the outer surface 2112. In this way, the height of the pressure relief boss 212 is relatively low. The pressure relief boss 212 will not squeeze the wire harness and cause stress concentration in the wire harness, thereby reducing the possibility of damage to the wire harness.
  • the insulating member 213 has a covering portion covering the outer surface 2112.
  • the covering portion has a first surface and a second surface oppositely arranged along the thickness direction, and the first surface faces the outer surface 2112.
  • the covering part is provided with a through hole 2131 penetrating the first surface and the second surface, and the pressure relief boss 212 is received in the through hole 2131.
  • the covering portion refers to the portion of the insulating member 213 that covers the outer surface 2112 .
  • the outer surface 2112 of the cover body 211 is a plane on the cover body 211 away from the housing 23 , and the insulating member 213 entirely covers the outer surface 2112 , the covering part is the entire insulating member 213.
  • the cover body 211 partially protrudes along the thickness direction away from the housing 23 to form a first protrusion
  • the insulating member 213 also partially protrudes along the thickness direction away from the housing 23 to form a second protrusion. part to match the cover body 211.
  • the outer surface 2112 refers to the surface of the first protrusion that is away from the housing 23
  • the covering portion refers to the portion of the insulating member 213 that covers the first protrusion.
  • the first surface refers to the surface on the covering portion close to the outer surface 2112
  • the second surface refers to the surface on the covering portion facing away from the outer surface 2112 .
  • the first surface and the second surface are oppositely arranged in the thickness direction of the cover body 211 .
  • the through hole 2131 penetrates the first surface and the second surface.
  • the through hole 2131 may be a straight hole extending along the thickness direction, or an oblique hole arranged obliquely.
  • the pressure relief boss 212 is accommodated in the through hole 2131 penetrating the first surface and the second surface of the covering part, so that the pressure relief boss 212 does not exceed the second surface in the direction away from the outer surface 2112. In this way, the pressure relief boss 212 does not exceed the second surface.
  • the platform 212 will not squeeze the wire harness and cause stress concentration on the wire harness, thereby reducing the possibility of damage to the wire harness.
  • the surface of the pressure relief boss 212 away from the outer surface 2112 is closer to the outer surface 2112 than the second surface.
  • the surface of the pressure relief boss 212 facing away from the outer surface 2112 is closer to the outer surface 2112 than the second surface
  • the distance 2112 is less than the distance from the second surface to the outer surface 2112. That is, along the thickness direction, the surface of the pressure relief boss 212 away from the outer surface 2112 is lower than the second surface.
  • the wire harness is less likely to come into contact with the pressure relief boss 212 and will not cause stress concentration in the wire harness, which is beneficial to protecting the wire harness. not damaged.
  • the end cap 21 includes a protective member 214 disposed on the pressure relief boss 212 and covering the pressure relief area 2111 .
  • the protective member 214 is at least partially located within the through hole 2131.
  • the protective member 214 is a component of the end cover 21 that covers the pressure relief area 2111 .
  • One side of the protective member 214 is attached to the surface of the pressure relief boss 212 away from the outer surface 2112 , so that the protective member 214 completely shields the pressure relief area 2111 .
  • the protective member 214 is at least partially located within the through hole 2131" means that the distance from the surface of the protective member 214 facing the outer surface 2112 to the outer surface 2112 is less than the distance from the second surface to the outer surface 2112, and the protective member 214 is away from the pressure relief boss 212 The distance from the second surface to the outer surface 2112 may be less than, equal to, or greater than the distance from the second surface to the outer surface 2112 .
  • the pressure relief area 2111 can be protected to prevent external impurities from entering the pressure relief area 2111.
  • the protective member 214 can prevent the electrolyte from entering the pressure relief area 2111 during liquid injection.
  • the surface of the protective member 214 facing away from the pressure relief boss 212 is flush with the second surface.
  • the surface of the protective member 214 facing away from the pressure relief boss 212 is flush with the second surface”, that is, the distance from the surface of the protective member 214 facing away from the pressure relief boss 212 to the outer surface 2112 is equal to the distance from the second surface to the outer surface 2112. In other words, there is no height difference between the surface of the protective member 214 away from the pressure relief boss 212 and the second surface.
  • the protective member 214 By making the surface of the protective member 214 away from the pressure relief boss 212 flush with the second surface, the protective member 214 will not protrude from the second surface, and the protective member 214 will not squeeze the wire harness and cause stress concentration in the wire harness, thereby reducing Possibility of wiring harness damage.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic top view of the end cap 21 provided in other embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view at position D-D in Figure 7 .
  • Figure 9 is an enlarged view of position E in Figure 8.
  • the distance from the surface of the protective member 214 away from the pressure relief boss 212 to the outer surface 2112 is less than the distance from the second surface to the outer surface 2112 . That is, the surface of the protective member 214 facing away from the pressure relief boss 212 is lower than the second surface. In this way, a larger avoidance space can be formed to avoid the wire harness, thereby preventing the wire harness from contacting the protective member 214 and causing stress concentration in the wire harness.
  • a gap is provided between the outer surface of the protective member 214 and the hole wall of the through hole 2131 .
  • the gap between the outer surface of the protective member 214 and the wall of the through hole 2131 is provided can be understood as: the protective member 214 is spaced apart from the insulating member 213 in a direction perpendicular to the thickness direction of the cover body 211 .
  • a gap is formed between the outer surface of the protective member 214 and the hole wall of the through hole 2131 to facilitate the arrangement of the protective member 214 .
  • the end cap 21 includes a protective member 214 covering the pressure relief area 2111 .
  • the protective member 214 is a component of the end cover 21 that covers the pressure relief area 2111 .
  • One side of the protective member 214 is attached to the surface of the pressure relief boss 212 away from the outer surface 2112 , so that the protective member 214 completely shields the pressure relief area 2111 .
  • the pressure relief area 2111 can be protected to prevent external impurities from entering the pressure relief area 2111.
  • the protective member 214 can prevent the electrolyte from entering the pressure relief area 2111 during liquid injection.
  • the protective member 214 is disposed on the pressure relief boss 212. Along the thickness direction, the surface of the protective member 214 facing away from the outer surface 2112 is flush with the end of the insulating member 213 facing away from the outer surface 2112.
  • the surface of the protective member 214 facing away from the outer surface 2112 is flush with the end of the insulating member 213 facing away from the outer surface 2112. That is to say, the distance from the surface of the protective member 214 facing away from the outer surface 2112 to the outer surface 2112 is equal to the distance of the insulating member 213 away from the outer surface 2112. The distance from the surface to the outer surface 2112, or in other words, there is no height difference between the surface of the protective member 214 facing away from the outer surface 2112 and the surface of the insulating member 213 facing away from the outer surface 2112.
  • the protective member 214 By making the surface of the protective member 214 away from the outer surface 2112 flush with the end of the insulating member 213 away from the outer surface 2112, the protective member 214 will not protrude from the insulating member 213, and the protective member 214 will not squeeze the wire harness and cause stress on the wire harness. Centralized, reducing the possibility of wiring harness damage.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic top view of the end cap 21 provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 11 is a cross-sectional view at position F-F in Fig. 10.
  • Figure 12 is an enlarged view of the G position in Figure 11.
  • the surface of the pressure relief boss 212 facing away from the outer surface 2112 is flush with the end of the insulating member 213 facing away from the outer surface 2112 .
  • the surface of the pressure relief boss 212 facing away from the outer surface 2112 is flush with the end of the insulating member 213 facing away from the outer surface 2112" can also be understood as: along the thickness direction, the surface of the pressure relief boss 212 facing away from the outer surface 2112 reaches The distance from the outer surface 2112 is equal to the distance from the surface of the insulating member 213 facing away from the outer surface 2112 to the outer surface 2112 . That is, the surface of the pressure relief boss 212 facing away from the outer surface 2112 and the surface of the insulating member 213 facing away from the outer surface 2112 are located in the same plane.
  • the wire harness is not easily in contact with the pressure relief boss 212, which prevents stress concentration in the wire harness and is beneficial to protecting the wire harness from damage.
  • the distance from the surface of the protective member 214 facing away from the outer surface 2112 to the outer surface 2112 is greater than the distance from the surface of the insulating member 213 facing away from the outer surface 2112 to the outer surface 2112. That is, the distance between the protective member 214 and the outer surface 2112 is The surface of the outer surface 2112 is higher than the surface of the insulating member 213 facing away from the outer surface 2112 .
  • the protective member 214 is generally made of materials that are easy to deform, such as rubber or plastic, even if the surface of the protective member 214 facing away from the outer surface 2112 is higher than the surface of the insulating member 213 facing away from the outer surface 2112, when the protective member 214 contacts the wire harness, the protective member 214 is in contact with the wire harness. 214 is able to deform to reduce the risk of stress concentration in the wire harness.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a battery cell 20.
  • the battery cell 20 includes an electrode assembly 22, a casing 23 and the above-mentioned end cap 21.
  • the housing 23 has an accommodating space open at one end, and the accommodating space is used to accommodate the electrode assembly 22 .
  • the end cap 21 is connected to the housing 23 and closes the opening.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a battery 100.
  • the battery 100 includes a box 10 and the above-mentioned battery cells 20.
  • the battery cells 20 are accommodated in the box 10.
  • the end cap 21 is disposed on a side of the battery cell 20 close to the bottom wall of the box 10 .
  • the bottom wall of the box 10 is the wall surface of the box 10 opposite to the open end of the box 10 .
  • the battery cell 20 is placed upside down in the box 10 .
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides an electrical device.
  • the electrical device includes the above-mentioned battery 100, and the battery 100 is used to provide electric energy.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides an end cover 21 .
  • the end cover 21 includes a cover body 211 , a pressure relief boss 212 and an insulator 213 .
  • the cover body 211 has a pressure relief area 2111 and an outer surface 2112.
  • the pressure relief boss 212 protrudes from the outer surface 2112 and surrounds the pressure relief area 2111.
  • Insulator 213 is attached to outer surface 2112. Wherein, along the thickness direction, the pressure relief boss 212 in the direction away from the outer surface 2112 does not exceed one end of the insulating member 213 away from the outer surface 2112.
  • the insulating member 213 has a covering part covering the outer surface 2112.
  • the covering part has a first surface and a second surface arranged oppositely in the thickness direction, and the first surface faces the outer surface 2112.
  • the covering part is provided with a through hole 2131 penetrating the first surface and the second surface, and the pressure relief boss 212 is received in the through hole 2131.
  • the end cap 21 includes a protective member 214 , which is disposed on the pressure relief boss 212 and covers the pressure relief area 2111 .
  • the protective member 214 is at least partially located in the through hole 2131 .
  • the surface of the protective member 214 facing away from the pressure relief boss 212 is flush with the second surface. There is a gap between the outer surface of the protective member 214 and the hole wall of the through hole 2131 .
  • the pressure relief boss 212 of the end cap 21 does not exceed the end of the insulating member 213 away from the outer surface 2112 in the direction away from the outer surface 2112. In this way, the height of the pressure relief boss 212 is relatively low. The pressure relief boss 212 will not squeeze the wire harness and cause stress concentration in the wire harness, thereby reducing the possibility of damage to the wire harness.
  • the pressure relief boss 212 is accommodated in the through hole 2131 penetrating the first surface and the second surface of the covering part, so that the pressure relief boss 212 does not exceed the second surface in the direction away from the outer surface 2112. In this way, the pressure relief boss 212 does not exceed the second surface.
  • the platform 212 will not squeeze the wire harness and cause stress concentration on the wire harness, thereby reducing the possibility of damage to the wire harness.
  • the distance from the surface of the pressure relief boss 212 away from the outer surface 2112 to the outer surface 2112 is smaller than the distance from the second surface to the outer surface 2112 . That is, along the thickness direction, the surface of the pressure relief boss 212 away from the outer surface 2112 is lower than the second surface, so that the wire harness is not easily in contact with the pressure relief boss 212, which does not cause stress concentration in the wire harness, and is conducive to protecting the wire harness from damage.
  • the protective member 214 By providing the protective member 214, on the one hand, the pressure relief area 2111 can be protected to prevent external impurities from entering the pressure relief area 2111. On the other hand, the protective member 214 can prevent the electrolyte from entering the pressure relief area 2111 during liquid injection. By making the surface of the protective member 214 away from the pressure relief boss 212 flush with the second surface, the protective member 214 will not protrude from the second surface, and the protective member 214 will not squeeze the wire harness and cause stress concentration in the wire harness, thereby reducing Possibility of wiring harness damage.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
  • Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)

Abstract

本申请提供了一种端盖、电池单体、电池及用电设备，涉及电池领域。端盖包括盖本体、泄压凸台及绝缘件，盖本体具有泄压区和外表面。沿盖本体的厚度方向，泄压凸台凸设于外表面，并围设于泄压区。绝缘件附接于外表面。其中，沿厚度方向，泄压凸台沿背离外表面的方向不超出于绝缘件背离外表面的一端。该端盖的泄压凸台沿着背离外表面的方向不超出于绝缘件背离外表面的一端，这样，泄压凸台的高度较低。泄压凸台不会挤压到线束，不会造成线束应力集中，降低了线束损坏的可能性。

Description

端盖、电池单体、电池及用电设备 技术领域
本申请涉及电池领域，具体而言，涉及一种端盖、电池单体、电池及用电设备。
背景技术
电池在新能源领域应用甚广，例如电动汽车、新能源汽车等，新能源汽车、电动汽车已经成为汽车产业的发展新趋势。电池的内部布置有众多的线束。然而，在电芯倒置的场景下，一些线束常常损坏，导致电池失效。
发明内容
本申请实施例的目的在于提供一种端盖、电池单体、电池及用电设备，其旨在改善相关技术中线束常常损坏，导致电池失效的问题。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供了一种端盖，所述端盖包括盖本体、泄压凸台及绝缘件，所述盖本体具有泄压区和外表面；沿所述盖本体的厚度方向，所述泄压凸台凸设于所述外表面，并围设于所述泄压区；所述绝缘件附接于所述外表面；其中，沿所述厚度方向，所述泄压凸台沿背离所述外表面的方向不超出于所述绝缘件背离所述外表面的一端。
在上述技术方案中，该端盖的泄压凸台沿着背离外表面的方向不超出于绝缘件背离外表面的一端，这样，泄压凸台的高度较低。泄压凸台不会挤压到线束，不会造成线束应力集中，降低了线束损坏的可能性。
作为本申请实施例的一种可选技术方案，所述绝缘件具有覆盖所述外表面的覆盖部，所述覆盖部具有沿所述厚度方向相对布置的第一表面和第二表面，所述第一表面面向所述外表面，所述覆盖部设有贯穿所述第一表面和所述第二表面的通孔，所述泄压凸台容纳于所述通孔内。
在上述技术方案中，泄压凸台容纳于贯穿覆盖部的第一表面及第二表面的通孔内，使得泄压凸台沿着背离外表面的方向不超出于第二表面，这样，泄压凸台不会挤压到线束，不会造成线束应力集中，降低了线束损坏的可能性。
作为本申请实施例的一种可选技术方案，沿所述厚度方向，所述泄压凸台背离所述外表面的表面较所述第二表面更靠近于所述外表面。
在上述技术方案中，沿所述厚度方向，泄压凸台背离外表面的表面到外表面的距离小于第二表面到外表面的距离。也即沿厚度方向，泄压凸台背离外表面的表面低于第二表面，使得线束不易与泄压凸台接触，不会造成线束应力集中，有利于保护线束不受损坏。
作为本申请实施例的一种可选技术方案，所述端盖包括保护件，所述保护件设置于所述泄压凸台，并覆盖于所述泄压区，所述保护件至少部分位于所述通孔内。
在上述技术方案中，通过设置保护件，一方面可以对泄压区进行保护，避免外界杂质进入到泄压区内。另一方面，保护件可以防止注液时电解液进入到泄压区内。
作为本申请实施例的一种可选技术方案，所述保护件背离所述泄压凸台的表面与所述第二表面平齐。
在上述技术方案中，通过使保护件背离泄压凸台的表面与第二表面平齐，保护件不会凸出于第二表面，保护件不会挤压线束，不会造成线束应力集中，降低了线束损坏的可能性。
作为本申请实施例的一种可选技术方案，所述保护件的外侧面与所述通孔的孔壁间隙设置。
在上述技术方案中，保护件的外侧面与通孔的孔壁之间具有间隙，以便于布置保护件。
作为本申请实施例的一种可选技术方案，所述端盖包括保护件，所述保护件覆盖于所述泄压区。
在上述技术方案中，通过设置保护件，一方面可以对泄压区进行保护，避免外界杂质进入到泄压区内。另一方面，保护件可以防止注液时电解液进入到泄压区内。
作为本申请实施例的一种可选技术方案，所述保护件设置于所述泄压凸台，沿所述厚度方向，所述保护件背离所述外表面的表面与所述绝缘件背离所述外表面的一端平齐。
在上述技术方案中，通过使保护件背离外表面的表面与绝缘件背离外表面的一端平齐，保护件不会凸出于绝缘件，保护件不会挤压线束，不会造成线束应力集中，降低了线束损坏的可能性。
作为本申请实施例的一种可选技术方案，沿所述厚度方向，所述泄压凸台背离所述外表面的表面与所述绝缘件背离所述外表面的一端平齐。
在上述技术方案中，沿所述厚度方向，泄压凸台背离外表面的表面到外表面的距离等于绝缘件背离外表面的表面到外表面的距离。也即泄压凸台背离外表面的表面与绝缘件背离外表面的表面位于同一平面内，使得线束不易与泄压凸台接触，不会造成线束应力集中，有利于保护线束不受损坏。
第二方面，本申请实施例还提供了一种电池单体，所述电池单体包括电极组件、壳体及上述的端盖，所述壳体具有一端开口的容纳空间，所述容纳空间用于容纳所述电极组件；所述端盖连接于所述壳体并封闭所述开口。
第三方面，本申请实施例还提供了一种电池，所述电池包括箱体及上述的电池单体，所述电池单体容纳于所述箱体内。
作为本申请实施例的一种可选技术方案，所述端盖设置于所述电池单体的 靠近所述箱体的底壁的一侧。
在上述技术方案中，通过将端盖设置于电池单体的靠近箱体的底壁的一侧，即将电池单体倒置于箱体内。
第四方面，本申请实施例还提供了一种用电设备，所述用电设备包括上述的电池，所述电池用于提供电能。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对本申请实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆的结构示意图；
图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池的爆炸图；
图3为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的结构示意图；
图4为本申请一些实施例提供的端盖的俯视示意图；
图5为图4中A-A位置的剖视图；
图6为图5中B位置的放大图；
图7为本申请另一些实施例提供的端盖的俯视示意图；
图8为图7中D-D位置的剖视图；
图9为图8中E位置的放大图；
图10为本申请又一些实施例提供的端盖的俯视示意图；
图11为图10中F-F位置的剖视图；
图12为图11中G位置的放大图。
图标：10-箱体；11-第一部分；12-第二部分；20-电池单体；21-端盖；211-盖本体；2111-泄压区；2112-外表面；2113-内表面；212-泄压凸台；213-绝缘件；2131-通孔；214-保护件；215-胶层；22-电极组件；23-壳体；100-电池；200-控制器；300-马达；1000-车辆。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
除非另有定义，本申请所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本申请中在申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要 求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。本申请的说明书和权利要求书或上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别不同对象，而不是用于描述特定顺序或主次关系。
在本申请中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“附接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
本申请中术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本申请中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请的实施例中，相同的附图标记表示相同的部件，并且为了简洁，在不同实施例中，省略对相同部件的详细说明。应理解，附图示出的本申请实施例中的各种部件的厚度、长宽等尺寸，以及集成装置的整体厚度、长宽等尺寸仅为示例性说明，而不应对本申请构成任何限定。
本申请中出现的“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)。
本申请中，电池单体可以包括锂离子二次电池单体、锂离子一次电池单体、锂硫电池单体、钠锂离子电池单体、钠离子电池单体或镁离子电池单体等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。电池单体可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等，本申请实施例对此也不限定。电池单体一般按封装的方式分成三种：柱形电池单体、方形电池单体和软包电池单体，本申请实施例对此也不限定。
本申请的实施例所提到的电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。例如，本申请中所提到的电池可以包括电池模块或电池包等。电池一般包括用于封装一个或多个电池单体的箱体。箱体可以避免液体或其他异物影响电池单体的充电或放电。
电池单体包括电极组件和电解液，电极组件由正极片、负极片和隔离膜组成。电池单体主要依靠金属离子在正极片和负极片之间移动来工作。正极片包括正极集流体和正极活性物质层，正极活性物质层涂覆于正极集流体的表面，未涂敷正极活性物质层的正极集流体凸出于已涂覆正极活性物质层的正极集流体，未涂敷正极活性物质层的正极集流体作为正极耳。以锂离子电池为例，正极集流体的材料可以为铝，正极活性物质可以为钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂、三元锂或锰酸锂等。负极片包括负极集流体和负极活性物质层，负极活性物质层涂覆于负极集流体的表面，未涂敷负极活性物质层的负极集流体凸出于已涂覆负极活性物质层的负极集流体，未涂敷负极活性物质层的负极集流体作为负极耳。负极集流体的材料可以为铜，负极活性物质可以为碳或硅 等。为了保证通过大电流而不发生熔断，正极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起，负极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起。隔离膜的材质可以为PP(polypropylene，聚丙烯)或PE(polyethylene，聚乙烯)等。此外，电极组件可以是卷绕式结构，也可以是叠片式结构，本申请实施例并不限于此。
电池在新能源领域应用甚广，例如电动汽车、新能源汽车等，新能源汽车、电动汽车已经成为汽车产业的发展新趋势。
电池的内部布置有众多的线束，发明人注意到，在电芯倒置的场景下，一些线束常常损坏，导致电池失效。
发明人进一步研究发现，现有技术中，防爆阀周围的凸台的高度会高出绝缘件的高度。这样，在电芯倒置的场景下，该凸台容易挤压线束，造成线束应力集中，线束就会损坏。
鉴于此，本申请实施例提供一种端盖，包括盖本体、泄压凸台及绝缘件，泄压凸台凸设于盖本体的外表面，绝缘件附接于外表面。沿盖本体的厚度方向，泄压凸台沿背离外表面的方向不超出于绝缘件背离外表面的一端。
该端盖的泄压凸台沿着背离外表面的方向不超出于绝缘件背离外表面的一端，这样，泄压凸台的高度较低。泄压凸台不会挤压到线束，不会造成线束应力集中，降低了线束损坏的可能性。
本申请实施例描述的技术方案适用于电池以及使用电池的用电设备。
用电设备可以是车辆、手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、轮船、航天器、电动玩具和电动工具等等。航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等；电动玩具包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等；电动工具包括金属切削电动工具、研磨电动工具、装配电动工具和铁道用电动工具，例如，电钻、电动砂轮机、电动扳手、电动螺丝刀、电锤、冲击电钻、混凝土振动器和电刨等等。本申请实施例对上述用电设备不做特殊限制。
以下实施例为了方便说明，以用电设备为车辆1000为例进行说明。
请参照图1，图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆1000的结构示意图。车辆1000可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。车辆1000的内部设置有电池100，电池100可以设置在车辆1000的底部或头部或尾部。电池100可以用于车辆1000的供电，例如，电池100可以作为车辆1000的操作电源。车辆1000还可以包括控制器200和马达300，控制器200用来控制电池100为马达300供电，例如，用于车辆1000的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在本申请一些实施例中，电池100不仅可以作为车辆1000的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1000的驱动电源，代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气为车辆1000提供驱动动力。
请参照图2，图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池100的爆炸图。电池100包括箱体10和电池单体20，电池单体20容纳于箱体10内。其中，箱体10用于为电池单体20提供容纳空间，箱体10可以采用多种结构。在一些实施例中，箱体10可以 包括第一部分11和第二部分12，第一部分11与第二部分12相互盖合，第一部分11和第二部分12共同限定出用于容纳电池单体20的容纳空间。第二部分12可以为一端开口的空心结构，第一部分11可以为板状结构，第一部分11盖合于第二部分12的开口侧，以使第一部分11与第二部分12共同限定出容纳空间；第一部分11和第二部分12也可以是均为一侧开口的空心结构，第一部分11的开口侧盖合于第二部分12的开口侧。当然，第一部分11和第二部分12形成的箱体10可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。
在电池100中，电池单体20可以是多个，多个电池单体20之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体20中既有串联又有并联。多个电池单体20之间可直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将多个电池单体20构成的整体容纳于箱体10内；当然，电池100也可以是多个电池单体20先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块形式，多个电池模块再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体10内。电池100还可以包括其他结构，例如，该电池100还可以包括汇流部件，用于实现多个电池单体20之间的电连接。
其中，每个电池单体20可以为二次电池单体或一次电池单体；还可以是锂硫电池单体、钠离子电池单体或镁离子电池单体，但不局限于此。电池单体20可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等。
请参照图3，图3为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体20的分解结构示意图。电池单体20是指组成电池100的最小单元。如图3，电池单体20包括有端盖21、电极组件22、壳体23以及其他的功能性部件。
端盖21是指盖合于壳体23的开口处以将电池单体20的内部环境隔绝于外部环境的部件。不限地，端盖21的形状可以与壳体23的形状相适应以配合壳体23。可选地，端盖21可以由具有一定硬度和强度的材质(如铝合金)制成，这样，端盖21在受挤压碰撞时就不易发生形变，使电池单体20能够具备更高的结构强度，安全性能也可以有所提高。端盖21上可以设置有如电极端子(图中未示出)等的功能性部件。电极端子可以用于与电极组件22电连接，以用于输出或输入电池单体20的电能。端盖21的材质也可以是多种的，比如，铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金、塑胶等，本申请实施例对此不作特殊限制。
壳体23是用于配合端盖21以形成电池单体20的内部环境的组件，其中，形成的内部环境可以用于容纳电极组件22、电解液以及其他部件。壳体23和端盖21可以是独立的部件，可以于壳体23上设置开口，通过在开口处使端盖21盖合开口以形成电池单体20的内部环境。不限地，也可以使端盖21和壳体23一体化，具体地，端盖21和壳体23可以在其他部件入壳前先形成一个共同的连接面，当需要封装壳体23的内部时，再使端盖21盖合壳体23。壳体23可以是多种形状和多种尺寸的，例如长方体形、圆柱体形、六棱柱形等。具体地，壳体23的形状可以根据电极组件22的具体形状和尺寸大小来确定。壳体23的材质可以是多种，比如，铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金、塑胶等，本申请实施例对此不作特殊限制。
电极组件22是电池单体20中发生电化学反应的部件。壳体23内可以包含 一个或更多个电极组件22。电极组件22主要由正极片和负极片卷绕或层叠放置形成，并且通常在正极片与负极片之间设有隔离膜。正极片和负极片具有活性物质的部分构成电极组件22的主体部，正极片和负极片不具有活性物质的部分各自构成极耳。正极极耳和负极极耳可以共同位于主体部的一端或是分别位于主体部的两端。在电池100的充放电过程中，正极活性物质和负极活性物质与电解液发生反应，极耳连接电极端子以形成电流回路。
请参照图3、图4、图5和图6，图4为本申请一些实施例提供的端盖21的俯视示意图。图5为图4中A-A位置的剖视图。图6为图5中B位置的放大图。本申请实施例提供了一种端盖21，端盖21包括盖本体211、泄压凸台212及绝缘件213。盖本体211具有泄压区2111和外表面2112。沿盖本体211的厚度方向，泄压凸台212凸设于外表面2112，并围设于泄压区2111。绝缘件213附接于外表面2112。其中，沿厚度方向，泄压凸台212沿背离外表面2112的方向不超出于绝缘件213背离外表面2112的一端。
盖本体211是端盖21的主体结构，主要用于封闭壳体23的开口。盖本体211的形状与壳体23的开口的形状相适应。例如，壳体23的开口为长方形时，盖本体211的形状也为长方形。壳体23的开口为圆形时，盖本体211的形状也为圆形。
泄压区2111是盖本体211上实现泄压功能的区域。例如，泄压区2111可以是端盖21上焊接防爆片的区域。又如，端盖21上开设有泄压槽，泄压区2111为泄压槽内侧的区域。
泄压凸台212是凸出于盖本体211在厚度方向(如图6中所示的C方向)上的一侧且环绕泄压区2111设置的凸起结构。盖本体211在厚度方向具有相对的内表面2113和外表面2112，盖本体211的内表面2113面向壳体23的内部，盖本体211的外表面2112背离壳体23设置。在本实施例中，泄压凸台212设置于盖本体211的外表面2112。
泄压凸台212为沿着封闭轨迹延伸的凸起结构。封闭轨迹即为首尾两端相连的轨迹，比如长方形轨迹、椭圆形轨迹等。当泄压凸台212为沿着长方形轨迹延伸的凸起结构时，泄压凸台212围成长方形。当泄压凸台212为沿着椭圆形轨迹延伸的凸起结构时，泄压凸台212围成椭圆形。泄压凸台212的结构可以随着封闭轨迹的形状变化，本实施例对此不做限制。
绝缘件213为具有绝缘特性的材质制得，例如塑胶或橡胶等，绝缘件213用于将盖本体211和外界绝缘隔离，避免盖本体211与外界电连接，导致电池单体20短路的情况发生。
“绝缘件213附接于外表面2112”是指绝缘件213贴合并固定于外表面2112。例如，绝缘件213通过胶材粘接于外表面2112。如图6所示，绝缘件213粘接于外表面2112，绝缘件213和外表面2112之间形成有胶层215。又如，通过对绝缘件213与外表面2112之间抽取负压，使得绝缘件213在大气压力的作用下贴靠固定于外表面2112。
“沿厚度方向，泄压凸台212沿背离外表面2112的方向不超出于绝缘件 213背离外表面2112的一端”是指沿厚度方向，泄压凸台212背离外表面2112的表面到外表面2112之间的距离小于等于绝缘件213背离外表面2112的一端到外表面2112的距离。
该端盖21的泄压凸台212沿着背离外表面2112的方向不超出于绝缘件213背离外表面2112的一端，这样，泄压凸台212的高度较低。泄压凸台212不会挤压到线束，不会造成线束应力集中，降低了线束损坏的可能性。
在一些实施例中，绝缘件213具有覆盖外表面2112的覆盖部，覆盖部具有沿厚度方向相对布置的第一表面和第二表面，第一表面面向外表面2112。覆盖部设有贯穿第一表面和第二表面的通孔2131，泄压凸台212容纳于通孔2131内。
覆盖部是指绝缘件213上覆盖外表面2112的部分。例如，当盖本体211为板状结构，绝缘件213同样也为板状结构时，盖本体211的外表面2112是盖本体211上远离壳体23的平面，绝缘件213整体覆盖于外表面2112，覆盖部为整个绝缘件213。又如，当盖本体211局部沿着厚度方向向远离壳体23的方向凸出形成第一凸部时，绝缘件213同样局部沿着厚度方向向远离壳体23的方向凸出形成第二凸部，以与盖本体211相匹配。此时，外表面2112是指第一凸部上背离壳体23的表面，覆盖部是指绝缘件213上覆盖第一凸部的部分。
第一表面是指覆盖部上靠近外表面2112的表面，第二表面是指覆盖部上背离外表面2112的表面，第一表面和第二表面在盖本体211的厚度方向上相对设置。
通孔2131贯穿第一表面和第二表面。通孔2131既可以是沿厚度方向延伸的直孔，也可以是倾斜布置的斜孔。
泄压凸台212容纳于贯穿覆盖部的第一表面及第二表面的通孔2131内，使得泄压凸台212沿着背离外表面2112的方向不超出于第二表面，这样，泄压凸台212不会挤压到线束，不会造成线束应力集中，降低了线束损坏的可能性。
请参照图4、图5和图6，在一些实施例中，沿厚度方向，泄压凸台212背离外表面2112的表面较第二表面更靠近于外表面2112。
“沿厚度方向，泄压凸台212背离外表面2112的表面较第二表面更靠近于外表面2112”也可以理解为：沿厚度方向，泄压凸台212背离外表面2112的表面到外表面2112的距离小于第二表面到外表面2112的距离。也即沿厚度方向，泄压凸台212背离外表面2112的表面低于第二表面。
通过使泄压凸台212背离外表面2112的表面在厚度方向上较第二表面更靠近于外表面2112，使得线束不易与泄压凸台212接触，不会造成线束应力集中，有利于保护线束不受损坏。
在一些实施例中，端盖21包括保护件214，保护件214设置于泄压凸台212，并覆盖于泄压区2111。保护件214至少部分位于通孔2131内。
保护件214是端盖21上遮蔽泄压区2111的部件。保护件214的一侧贴合于泄压凸台212的远离外表面2112的表面，使得保护件214将泄压区2111完全遮蔽。
“保护件214至少部分位于通孔2131内”是指保护件214朝向外表面2112 的表面到外表面2112的距离小于第二表面到外表面2112的距离，而保护件214背离泄压凸台212的表面到外表面2112的距离可以小于、等于或者大于第二表面到外表面2112的距离。
通过设置保护件214，一方面可以对泄压区2111进行保护，避免外界杂质进入到泄压区2111内。另一方面，保护件214可以防止注液时电解液进入到泄压区2111内。
请参照图4、图5和图6，在一些实施例中，保护件214背离泄压凸台212的表面与第二表面平齐。
“保护件214背离泄压凸台212的表面与第二表面平齐”也即是保护件214背离泄压凸台212的表面到外表面2112的距离等于第二表面到外表面2112的距离，或者说，保护件214背离泄压凸台212的表面与第二表面之间不存在高度差。
通过使保护件214背离泄压凸台212的表面与第二表面平齐，保护件214不会凸出于第二表面，保护件214不会挤压线束，不会造成线束应力集中，降低了线束损坏的可能性。
请参照图7、图8和图9，图7为本申请另一些实施例提供的端盖21的俯视示意图。图8为图7中D-D位置的剖视图。图9为图8中E位置的放大图。在另一些实施例中，沿厚度方向，保护件214背离泄压凸台212的表面到外表面2112的距离小于第二表面到外表面2112的距离。也即是保护件214背离泄压凸台212的表面低于第二表面。这样，可以形成较大的避让空间来避让线束，避免线束与保护件214接触而造成线束应力集中。
请参照图9，在一些实施例中，保护件214的外侧面与通孔2131的孔壁间隙设置。
“保护件214的外侧面与通孔2131的孔壁间隙设置”可以理解为：在垂直于盖本体211的厚度方向的方向上，保护件214与绝缘件213间隔设置。
通过在保护件214的外侧面与通孔2131的孔壁之间形成间隙，以便于布置保护件214。
在一些实施例中，端盖21包括保护件214，保护件214覆盖于泄压区2111。
保护件214是端盖21上遮蔽泄压区2111的部件。保护件214的一侧贴合于泄压凸台212的远离外表面2112的表面，使得保护件214将泄压区2111完全遮蔽。
通过设置保护件214，一方面可以对泄压区2111进行保护，避免外界杂质进入到泄压区2111内。另一方面，保护件214可以防止注液时电解液进入到泄压区2111内。
在一些实施例中，保护件214设置于泄压凸台212，沿厚度方向，保护件214背离外表面2112的表面与绝缘件213背离外表面2112的一端平齐。
“保护件214背离外表面2112的表面与绝缘件213背离外表面2112的一端平齐”也即是保护件214背离外表面2112的表面到外表面2112的距离等于绝缘件 213背离外表面2112的表面到外表面2112的距离，或者说，保护件214背离外表面2112的表面与绝缘件213背离外表面2112的表面之间不存在高度差。
通过使保护件214背离外表面2112的表面与绝缘件213背离外表面2112的一端平齐，保护件214不会凸出于绝缘件213，保护件214不会挤压线束，不会造成线束应力集中，降低了线束损坏的可能性。
请参照图10、图11和图12，图10为本申请又一些实施例提供的端盖21的俯视示意图。图11为图10中F-F位置的剖视图。图12为图11中G位置的放大图。在又一些实施例中，沿厚度方向，泄压凸台212背离外表面2112的表面与绝缘件213背离外表面2112的一端平齐。
“沿厚度方向，泄压凸台212背离外表面2112的表面与绝缘件213背离外表面2112的一端平齐”也可以理解为：沿厚度方向，泄压凸台212背离外表面2112的表面到外表面2112的距离等于绝缘件213背离外表面2112的表面到外表面2112的距离。也即泄压凸台212背离外表面2112的表面与绝缘件213背离外表面2112的表面位于同一平面内。
采用上述设置，使得线束不易与泄压凸台212接触，不会造成线束应力集中，有利于保护线束不受损坏。
请参照图12，在一些实施例中，保护件214背离外表面2112的表面到外表面2112的距离大于绝缘件213背离外表面2112的表面到外表面2112的距离，也即是保护件214背离外表面2112的表面高于绝缘件213背离外表面2112的表面。
由于保护件214一般采用橡胶、塑料等易于形变的材料制成，即使保护件214背离外表面2112的表面高于绝缘件213背离外表面2112的表面，在保护件214与线束接触时，保护件214能够发生形变，以降低线束应力集中的风险。
本申请实施例还提供了一种电池单体20，电池单体20包括电极组件22、壳体23及上述的端盖21。壳体23具有一端开口的容纳空间，容纳空间用于容纳电极组件22。端盖21连接于壳体23并封闭开口。
本申请实施例还提供了一种电池100，电池100包括箱体10及上述的电池单体20，电池单体20容纳于箱体10内。
在一些实施例中，端盖21设置于电池单体20的靠近箱体10的底壁的一侧。
箱体10的底壁即箱体10上与箱体10的开口端相对的壁面。
通过将端盖21设置于电池单体20的靠近箱体10的底壁的一侧，即将电池单体20倒置于箱体10内。
本申请实施例还提供了一种用电设备，用电设备包括上述的电池100，电池100用于提供电能。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参照图3～图6。
本申请实施例提供了一种端盖21，端盖21包括盖本体211、泄压凸台212及绝缘件213。盖本体211具有泄压区2111和外表面2112。沿盖本体211的厚度方向，泄压凸台212凸设于外表面2112，并围设于泄压区2111。绝缘件213附接于外表 面2112。其中，沿厚度方向，泄压凸台212沿背离外表面2112的方向不超出于绝缘件213背离外表面2112的一端。绝缘件213具有覆盖外表面2112的覆盖部，覆盖部具有沿厚度方向相对布置的第一表面和第二表面，第一表面面向外表面2112。覆盖部设有贯穿第一表面和第二表面的通孔2131，泄压凸台212容纳于通孔2131内。沿厚度方向，泄压凸台212背离外表面2112的表面较第二表面更靠近于外表面2112。端盖21包括保护件214，保护件214设置于泄压凸台212，并覆盖于泄压区2111，保护件214至少部分位于通孔2131内。保护件214背离泄压凸台212的表面与第二表面平齐。保护件214的外侧面与通孔2131的孔壁间隙设置。
该端盖21的泄压凸台212沿着背离外表面2112的方向不超出于绝缘件213背离外表面2112的一端，这样，泄压凸台212的高度较低。泄压凸台212不会挤压到线束，不会造成线束应力集中，降低了线束损坏的可能性。泄压凸台212容纳于贯穿覆盖部的第一表面及第二表面的通孔2131内，使得泄压凸台212沿着背离外表面2112的方向不超出于第二表面，这样，泄压凸台212不会挤压到线束，不会造成线束应力集中，降低了线束损坏的可能性。沿厚度方向，泄压凸台212背离外表面2112的表面到外表面2112的距离小于第二表面到外表面2112的距离。也即沿厚度方向，泄压凸台212背离外表面2112的表面低于第二表面，使得线束不易与泄压凸台212接触，不会造成线束应力集中，有利于保护线束不受损坏。
通过设置保护件214，一方面可以对泄压区2111进行保护，避免外界杂质进入到泄压区2111内。另一方面，保护件214可以防止注液时电解液进入到泄压区2111内。通过使保护件214背离泄压凸台212的表面与第二表面平齐，保护件214不会凸出于第二表面，保护件214不会挤压线束，不会造成线束应力集中，降低了线束损坏的可能性。
以上所述仅为本申请的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种端盖，其中，包括：
    盖本体，具有泄压区和外表面；
    泄压凸台，围设于所述泄压区，沿所述盖本体的厚度方向，所述泄压凸台凸设于所述外表面；
    绝缘件，附接于所述外表面；
    沿所述厚度方向，所述泄压凸台沿背离所述外表面的方向不超出于所述绝缘件背离所述外表面的一端。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述端盖，其中，所述绝缘件具有覆盖所述外表面的覆盖部，所述覆盖部具有沿所述厚度方向相对布置的第一表面和第二表面，所述第一表面面向所述外表面，所述覆盖部设有贯穿所述第一表面和所述第二表面的通孔，所述泄压凸台容纳于所述通孔内。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述端盖，其中，沿所述厚度方向，所述泄压凸台背离所述外表面的表面较所述第二表面更靠近于所述外表面。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述端盖，其中，所述端盖包括保护件，所述保护件设置于所述泄压凸台，并覆盖于所述泄压区，所述保护件至少部分位于所述通孔内。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述端盖，其中，所述保护件背离所述泄压凸台的表面与所述第二表面平齐。
  6. 根据权利要求4或5所述端盖，其中，所述保护件的外侧面与所述通孔的孔壁间隙设置。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述端盖，其中，所述端盖包括保护件，所述保护件覆盖于所述泄压区。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述端盖，其中，所述保护件设置于所述泄压凸台，沿所述厚度方向，所述保护件背离所述外表面的表面与所述绝缘件背离所述外表面的一端平齐。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述端盖，其中，沿所述厚度方向，所述泄压凸台背离所述外表面的表面与所述绝缘件背离所述外表面的一端平齐。
  10. 一种电池单体，其中，包括：
    电极组件；
    壳体，具有一端开口的容纳空间，所述容纳空间用于容纳所述电极组件；
    根据权利要求1-9任一项所述的端盖，所述端盖连接于所述壳体并封闭所述开口。
  11. 一种电池，其中，包括：
    箱体；
    根据权利要求10所述的电池单体，所述电池单体容纳于所述箱体内。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述电池，其中，所述端盖设置于所述电池单体的靠近所述箱体的底壁的一侧。
  13. 一种用电设备，其中，包括根据权利要求11-12任一项所述的电池，所述电 池用于提供电能。
PCT/CN2022/093133 2022-05-16 2022-05-16 端盖、电池单体、电池及用电设备 WO2023220883A1 (zh)

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