WO2023005408A1 - 电池单体、电池以及用电装置 - Google Patents

电池单体、电池以及用电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023005408A1
WO2023005408A1 PCT/CN2022/096364 CN2022096364W WO2023005408A1 WO 2023005408 A1 WO2023005408 A1 WO 2023005408A1 CN 2022096364 W CN2022096364 W CN 2022096364W WO 2023005408 A1 WO2023005408 A1 WO 2023005408A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
insulator
end plate
plate
cover plate
battery cell
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/096364
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
林蹬华
孙杰
郭志君
伍永彬
王鹏
金海族
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to EP22848018.2A priority Critical patent/EP4266480A1/en
Publication of WO2023005408A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023005408A1/zh
Priority to US18/353,605 priority patent/US20230361438A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/584—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries
    • H01M50/59—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries characterised by the protection means
    • H01M50/593—Spacers; Insulating plates
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/584—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries
    • H01M50/59—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries characterised by the protection means
    • H01M50/597—Protection against reversal of polarity
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of battery manufacturing, and in particular, to a battery cell, a battery and an electrical device.
  • the insulation protection of the electrode assembly is mainly achieved by the folding process, which not only takes a long time, but also causes the external size of the battery cell to increase and the energy density to decrease.
  • the application proposes a battery cell, a battery, and an electrical device, which can insulate and isolate the electrode assembly and the casing, facilitate assembly, and increase the external size of the battery cell to a small extent, thereby increasing the energy of the battery cell. Higher density.
  • the implementation of the first aspect of the present application provides a battery cell, including: a casing with an opening; a cover plate for closing the opening; an electrode assembly disposed in the casing, and the electrode assembly also includes a main body and a secondary The tab extending from the end of the main body along the first direction, the cover plate is located on one side of the main body along the second direction, the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction; the first insulating member is provided between the electrode assembly and the cover plate to insulate the electrode assembly from the cover plate; and a second insulator disposed between the main body and the inner surface of the case to insulate The tab is isolated from the housing; wherein, the second insulator and the first insulator are separately arranged and connected to each other.
  • the first insulator is used to insulate and isolate the electrode assembly and the cover plate
  • the second insulator is used to insulate and isolate the tabs and the housing.
  • the first insulator and the second insulator are separately arranged and connected to each other, which is not only convenient for assembly, but also can reduce the second
  • the thickness of the insulating assembly formed after the assembly of the first insulating member and the second insulating member reduces the extent to which the outer dimension of the battery cell increases after the insulating assembly is assembled in the electrode assembly, thereby enabling the battery cell to have a higher energy density.
  • the second insulating member includes a side plate and a first end plate, the side plate is located between the tab and the inner surface of the housing along the first direction, so The side plate extends along a direction perpendicular to the first direction, the first end plate is connected to an end of the side plate facing the cover plate, and the first end plate is connected to the first insulator.
  • the first insulating member includes a first part and a second part, the outer surface of the first part abuts against the cover plate, and the second part is formed by the first part along the The first direction extends away from the main body, an accommodation space is formed between the second part and the cover plate, and the first end plate protrudes into the accommodation space and abuts against the second part. catch.
  • first end plate to protrude into the accommodation space and abut against the second part not only realizes the connection between the first insulator and the second insulator, but also fills the gap between the first end plate and the tab, avoiding the second insulation
  • the component shakes relative to the tab along the second direction to separate from the tab.
  • the distance between the second portion and the cover plate gradually increases.
  • the distance between the second part and the cover plate gradually increases along the direction away from the main body, which can form a guiding structure that facilitates the first end plate to extend into the accommodation space along the first direction, making the second insulating part easier for the first insulating part and the electrode Components are assembled, improving assembly efficiency.
  • the surface of the first end plate away from the cover plate is clamped with the surface of the second part close to the cover plate, so as to limit the first end plate relative to the cover plate.
  • the first insulating member is displaced along the first direction.
  • one of the surface of the second part close to the cover plate and the surface of the first end plate away from the cover plate is provided with a protrusion, and the other is provided with a groove
  • the protrusion cooperates with the notch to limit the displacement of the first end plate relative to the first insulating member along the first direction.
  • the cooperation between the protrusion and the notch is used to limit the displacement of the first end plate relative to the first insulating member along the first direction, which has a simple structure, is easy to process and shape, and has a firm and reliable clamping effect.
  • the second insulating member further includes a second end plate, the second end plate is connected to the other end of the side plate along the second direction, and the second end plate is The second direction is disposed between the tab and the inner surface of the housing to insulate the tab from the housing.
  • the second end plate is disposed between the tab and the inner surface of the casing, and can insulate and isolate the tab from the casing on a side of the electrode assembly away from the cover plate, so as to achieve an insulation protection effect.
  • an end of the tab facing away from the cover plate along the second direction includes a curved surface, and the second end plate is an arc plate matching the curved surface.
  • Matching the surface of the second end plate with the pole lug can not only reduce the outer size of the second insulator, but also reduce the fit gap between the second insulator and the pole lug, so that the second insulator and the pole lug can be firmly matched .
  • the second insulating member further includes a third end plate and a fourth end plate, and the third end plate and the fourth end plate are respectively connected to the side plate along the third direction.
  • the third direction is perpendicular to the first direction and the second direction
  • the side plate, the first end plate, the second end plate, the third end plate and the The fourth end plate surrounds a cavity with an opening facing the electrode assembly, and the tab is at least partially accommodated in the cavity.
  • Accommodating the tabs at least partially in the cavity can insulate and protect the tabs from the inner surface of the casing, preventing the tabs from contacting the inner surface of the casing to cause an internal short circuit of the battery cell.
  • the battery cell further includes a third insulator, the third insulator is disposed between the main body and the inner surface of the casing, so as to insulate the main body from the inner surface of the casing.
  • the housing; one end of the third insulator along the first direction is connected to the second insulator, and on a plane perpendicular to the third direction, the third insulator is connected to the second The projection of the connection area of the insulation falls into the projection of the lug.
  • the third insulator can insulate the inner surface of the main body and the housing, the third insulator is connected to the second insulator, and can insulate the joint between the main body and the tab; the connection area between the third insulator and the second insulator The projection of falling into the projection of the tab will not increase the external size of the battery cell, so that the battery cell has a higher energy density.
  • the embodiment of the second aspect of the present application also provides a battery, including the battery cell provided in the embodiment of the first aspect of the present application.
  • the embodiment of the third aspect of the present application provides an electric device, including the battery provided in the embodiment of the second aspect of the present application.
  • FIG. 1 shows is a simple schematic diagram of a vehicle in an embodiment of the present application
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic structural view of the battery of the vehicle in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 shows a schematic structural view of a battery cell of the battery in Fig. 2;
  • Figure 4 shows an exploded view of an assembly of an electrode assembly assembled with an insulating assembly in some embodiments of the present application
  • Fig. 5 shows a schematic structural view of a combination of electrode assemblies assembled with insulating assemblies in some embodiments of the present application
  • Figure 6 shows a cross-sectional view of an assembly of electrode assemblies assembled with insulating assemblies in some embodiments of the present application
  • Fig. 7 is a partial enlarged view of place A in Fig. 6;
  • Fig. 8 shows a schematic diagram of a partial structure embodying the connection between the second part and the first end plate
  • Fig. 9 shows a schematic structural view of a first insulating member in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 10 shows a schematic structural diagram of a second insulating member in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of an assembly in which an insulating assembly including a third insulating member is assembled with an electrode assembly in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Icons 1000-vehicle; 100-battery; 10-battery unit; 11-shell; 12-end cover assembly; 121-cover; 122-electrode terminal; 123-pressure relief part; 13-electrode assembly; 132-pole ear; 1321-curved surface; 14-insulation component; 141-first insulation member; 1411-first part; 14111-insulation protrusion; Surface; 14123-notch; 14124-accommodating space; 142-second insulating member; 1421-side plate; 14211-first end; 14212-second end; 1422-first end plate; - fourth surface; 14223 - protrusion; 1423 - second end plate; 1424 - third end plate; 1425 - fourth end plate; 1426 - cavity; 1427 - first contour line; 1428 - second contour line; 143-third insulator; 1431-connecting edge; 1432-connecting area; 15-collecting member; 20-box; 21-first box; 22-second box; 200-
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a Detachable connection, or integral connection; can be directly connected, can also be indirectly connected through an intermediary, and can be internal communication of two components.
  • connection can be a fixed connection or a Detachable connection, or integral connection; can be directly connected, can also be indirectly connected through an intermediary, and can be internal communication of two components.
  • “Plurality” in this application refers to two or more (including two).
  • the battery cells may include lithium-ion secondary batteries, lithium-ion primary batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, sodium-lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries, or magnesium-ion batteries, which are not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cell can be in the form of a cylinder, a flat body, a cuboid or other shapes, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • Battery cells are generally divided into three types according to the packaging method: cylindrical battery cells, square battery cells and pouch battery cells.
  • the battery mentioned in the embodiments of the present application refers to a single physical module including one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the battery mentioned in this application may include a battery module or a battery pack, and the like.
  • a battery generally includes a box for encapsulating one or more battery cells, and the box can prevent liquid or other foreign objects from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells.
  • the battery cell includes an electrode assembly and an electrolyte, and the electrode assembly is composed of a positive pole piece, a negative pole piece and a separator.
  • a battery cell works primarily by moving metal ions between the positive and negative pole pieces.
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer, the positive electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive electrode current collector, and the positive electrode collector without the positive electrode active material layer protrudes from the positive electrode collector coated with the positive electrode active material layer. Fluid, the positive electrode current collector not coated with the positive electrode active material layer is used as the positive electrode tab.
  • the material of the positive electrode current collector can be aluminum, and the positive electrode active material can be lithium cobaltate, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium or lithium manganate.
  • the negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer, the negative electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the negative electrode current collector, and the negative electrode collector without the negative electrode active material layer protrudes from the negative electrode collector coated with the negative electrode active material layer. Fluid, the negative electrode current collector not coated with the negative electrode active material layer is used as the negative electrode tab.
  • the material of the negative electrode current collector may be copper, and the negative electrode active material may be carbon or silicon.
  • the number of positive pole tabs is multiple and stacked together, and the number of negative pole tabs is multiple and stacked together.
  • the material of the isolation film may be PP (polypropylene, polypropylene) or PE (polyethylene, polyethylene).
  • the electrode assembly may be a wound structure or a laminated structure, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery cell also includes a pressure relief portion that is actuated when the internal pressure of the battery cell reaches a threshold.
  • Threshold design varies according to design requirements.
  • the threshold may depend on the material of one or more of the positive electrode sheet, negative electrode sheet, electrolyte and separator of the battery cell.
  • the pressure relief part may take the form of an explosion-proof valve, an air valve, a pressure relief valve or a safety valve, etc., and may specifically use a pressure-sensitive or temperature-sensitive element or structure, that is, when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell reaches a threshold , the pressure relief part performs an action or the weak structure provided in the pressure relief part is destroyed, thereby forming an opening or channel for internal pressure or temperature release.
  • the "actuation" mentioned in this application means that the pressure relief part acts or is activated to a certain state, so that the internal pressure and temperature of the battery cells can be released.
  • Actions caused by the pressure relief portion may include, but are not limited to, at least a portion of the pressure relief portion rupture, shatter, be torn, or open, among others.
  • the pressure relief part When the pressure relief part is activated, the high temperature and high pressure material inside the battery cell will be discharged from the opened part as discharge. In this way, the pressure and temperature of the battery cells can be released under the condition of controllable pressure or temperature, so as to avoid potential more serious accidents.
  • the battery cell also includes a current collecting member and a current converging part, the current collecting member is used to electrically connect the tabs of the battery cell to the electrode terminals, so as to transmit electric energy from the electrode assembly to the electrode terminals, and then to the battery cells through the electrode terminals.
  • a current collecting member is used to electrically connect the tabs of the battery cell to the electrode terminals, so as to transmit electric energy from the electrode assembly to the electrode terminals, and then to the battery cells through the electrode terminals.
  • the electrode assembly of the battery cell is insulated and protected by an insulating assembly, and then the assembly formed by assembling the insulating assembly and the electrode assembly is placed inside the casing, and a cover plate is used to cover the opening of the casing to seal the assembly in the the inside of the housing.
  • a cover plate is used to cover the opening of the casing to seal the assembly in the the inside of the housing.
  • the commonly used insulating components are formed by a folding process, that is, an integral insulating tape is bent and wrapped around the outer side of the electrode assembly, so as to insulate the electrode assembly from the casing and the cover plate.
  • a folding process that is, an integral insulating tape is bent and wrapped around the outer side of the electrode assembly, so as to insulate the electrode assembly from the casing and the cover plate.
  • the process of forming insulating components using the folding process is cumbersome, requiring workers to manually fold the glue, which takes a long time and affects the tempo and efficiency of the automated assembly line.
  • the insulating tape is bent, there is inevitably a laminated connection area to ensure the insulation wrapping the electrode assembly, so that the local thickness of the insulating assembly increases, resulting in an increase in the overall size of the assembled assembly, and finally the battery cell. Energy density is reduced. If a new technical solution can be provided that allows the maximum thickness of the insulating component to be thinned, the energy density of the battery cell can be effectively
  • the inventors of the present application proposed a technical solution, which can insulate and isolate the electrode assembly and the casing, facilitate assembly, and increase the external size of the battery cell to a small extent, thereby making the energy density of the battery cell relatively low. high.
  • the battery cells described in the embodiments of the present application can directly supply power to electric devices, and can also be connected in parallel or in series to form batteries to supply power to various electric devices in the form of batteries.
  • the electric devices that use battery cells or batteries described in the embodiments of the present application can be in various forms, for example, mobile phones, portable devices, notebook computers, battery cars, electric cars, ships, spacecraft, Electric toys and electric tools, etc.
  • spacecraft include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles and spaceships, etc.
  • Electric toys include fixed or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric boat toys and Electric aircraft toys, etc.
  • Electric tools include metal cutting electric tools, grinding electric tools, assembly electric tools and railway electric tools, such as electric drills, electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators and planer.
  • the battery cells and batteries described in the embodiments of the present application are not limited to the above-described electric devices, but also applicable to all electric devices using battery cells and batteries. However, for the sake of brevity, the following embodiments All electric vehicles are taken as an example for illustration.
  • Fig. 1 shows a simple schematic diagram of a vehicle in an embodiment of the present application
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic structural diagram of the battery of the vehicle in Fig. 1
  • Fig. 3 shows a battery cell of the battery in Fig. 2 Schematic diagram of the body structure.
  • a battery 100 , a controller 200 and a motor 300 are disposed inside the vehicle 1000 , for example, the battery 100 may be disposed at the bottom, front or rear of the vehicle 1000 .
  • the vehicle 1000 can be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle, and the new energy vehicle can be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or an extended-range vehicle.
  • the battery 100 can be used for power supply of the vehicle 1000 , for example, the battery 100 can be used as an operating power source of the vehicle 1000 .
  • the controller 200 is used to control the power supply of the battery 100 to the motor 300 , for example, for starting, navigating, and working power requirements of the vehicle 1000 during driving.
  • the battery 100 can not only be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000 , but can also be used as a driving power source for the vehicle 1000 , replacing or partially replacing fuel oil or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 mentioned in the embodiment of the present application refers to a single physical module including one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the battery 100 is formed by connecting multiple battery cells 10 in series or in parallel.
  • the battery 100 includes a plurality of battery cells 10 and a case 20 , and the plurality of battery cells 10 are placed in the case 20 .
  • the box body 20 includes a first box body 21 and a second box body 22.
  • the first box body 21 and the second box body 22 are closed to form a battery chamber, and a plurality of battery cells 10 are placed in the battery chamber.
  • the shapes of the first box body 21 and the second box body 22 may be determined according to the combined shape of a plurality of battery cells 10 , and each of the first box body 21 and the second box body 22 may have an opening.
  • both the first box body 21 and the second box body 22 can be hollow cuboids and only one face is an opening face, the openings of the first box body 21 and the second box body 22 are arranged oppositely, and the first box body 21 and the second box body 22 are arranged oppositely.
  • the second boxes 22 are interlocked to form the box 20 with a closed chamber.
  • a plurality of battery cells 10 are connected in parallel or connected in series or mixed and placed in the box 20 formed by fastening the first box 21 and the second box 22 .
  • the battery cell 10 includes a case 11 , an end cap assembly 12 , an electrode assembly 13 , an insulating assembly 14 and a current collecting member 15 .
  • the casing 11 can be hexahedral or other shapes, and an accommodating cavity is formed inside the casing 11 for accommodating the electrode assembly 13 and the electrolyte.
  • One end of the case 11 has an opening so that the electrode assembly 13 can be placed inside the case 11 through the opening.
  • the housing 11 may be made of metal material such as aluminum, aluminum alloy or nickel-plated steel.
  • the X direction is defined as the first direction
  • the Z direction is defined as the second direction
  • the Y direction is defined as the third direction.
  • the X direction, the Y direction and the Z direction are perpendicular to each other.
  • the X direction, the Y direction and the Z direction can also be arranged obliquely to each other.
  • the housing 11 is hexahedral, its length direction extends along the X direction, its height direction extends along the Z direction, and its thickness direction extends along the Y direction.
  • the housing 11 is provided with an opening along one side of the Z direction.
  • the end cover assembly 12 includes a cover plate 121 , two electrode terminals 122 and a pressure relief part 123 .
  • the electrode assembly 13 is disposed inside the casing 11 , and the electrode assembly 13 includes a main body 131 and two polarity tabs 132 , and each tab 132 extends from an end of the main body 131 along the first direction X.
  • the cover plate 121 is disposed on one side of the main body along the Z direction for closing the opening of the housing 11 .
  • the cover plate 121 is used to cover the opening of the casing 11 to seal the electrode assembly 13 inside the casing 11 .
  • the cover plate 121 is made of metal materials, such as aluminum, steel and other materials.
  • the pressure relief part 123 is used to activate when the internal pressure of the battery cell 10 reaches a threshold, so that the internal pressure and temperature of the battery cell 10 can be released.
  • Two electrode lead-out holes are disposed on the cover plate 121 , and two electrode terminals 122 are disposed in the two electrode lead-out holes of the cover plate 121 .
  • the two electrode terminals 122 one is a positive electrode terminal and the other is a negative electrode terminal.
  • the cover plate 121 is flat, the size and shape of the cover plate 121 match the opening of the housing 11, and the cover plate 121 is fixed to the opening of the housing 11, so that the electrode assembly 13 and the electrolyte It is closed in the housing cavity of the housing 11.
  • the length direction of the cover plate 121 extends along the X direction
  • the width direction extends along the Y direction
  • the thickness direction extends along the Z direction.
  • the pressure relief portion 123 is centrally disposed on the cover plate 121 and penetrates through the cover plate 121 along the Z direction.
  • the two electrode terminals 122 are respectively disposed on two sides of the pressure relief portion 123 along the X direction.
  • the cover plate 121 may also be in other shapes, such as circular or oval, and the electrode terminals 122 and the pressure relief portion 123 may also be arranged in other ways.
  • the main body 131 includes a positive electrode piece, a negative electrode piece and a separator, and the separator is located between the positive electrode piece and the negative electrode piece for separating the positive electrode piece from the negative electrode piece.
  • the two tabs 132 one is a positive tab and the other is a negative tab.
  • the positive electrode terminal 122 is electrically connected to the positive tab of the electrode assembly 13 through a current collecting member 15
  • the negative electrode terminal 122 is electrically connected to the negative tab of the electrode assembly 13 through another current collecting member 15 .
  • the electrode assembly 13 may be a wound structure whose winding axis is parallel to the X direction.
  • the electrode assembly 13 may also be a laminated structure arranged in layers along the Y direction.
  • the insulation assembly 14 is used for insulating and protecting the electrode assembly 13 , so as to realize the insulation isolation between the electrode assembly 13 and the cover plate 121 and the insulation isolation between the tab 132 and the inner surface of the casing 11 .
  • the insulating assembly 14 includes a first insulating part 141 and a second insulating part 142 which are separated and connected to each other.
  • the first insulator 141 is disposed between the electrode assembly 13 and the cover plate 121 to insulate and isolate the electrode assembly 13 and the cover plate 121 .
  • the second insulator 142 is disposed between the main body 131 and the inner surface of the housing 11 to insulate the tab 132 from the inner surface of the housing 11 .
  • the first insulator 141 and the second insulator 142 are separated and connected to each other, which is not only convenient for assembly, but also can reduce the thickness of the insulating assembly 14 formed after the assembly of the first insulator 141 and the second insulator 142, thereby reducing the thickness of the insulating assembly.
  • 14 is assembled to the electrode assembly 13 to the extent that the outer size of the battery cell 10 increases, thereby enabling the battery cell 10 to have a higher energy density.
  • both the first insulating member 141 and the second insulating member 142 are plastic parts.
  • first insulating member 141 and the second insulating member 142 may also be made of silicone.
  • the first insulator 141 can be an integral structure and its two ends along the X direction are respectively connected to a second insulator 142, and two first insulators 141 can also be provided, and the first insulator 141 and The second insulators 142 are connected in one-to-one correspondence.
  • the first insulating member 141 may include a partial structure extending along the X direction
  • the second insulating member 142 includes a partial structure extending along the X direction
  • each of the first insulating member 141 and the second insulating member 142 passes through the partial structure extending along the X direction Fitting and abutting; it is also possible that the first insulating member 141 extends along the X direction, and the second insulating member 142 extends along the Z direction and abuts against the part of the first insulating member 141 extending along the X direction.
  • Fig. 4 shows an exploded view of an electrode assembly 13 assembled with an insulating assembly 14 in some embodiments of the present application
  • Fig. 5 shows a front view angle of the electrode assembly 13 assembled with an insulating assembly 14 in some embodiments of the present application Schematic.
  • two first insulators 141 and two second insulators 142 are respectively provided, and one of the first insulator 141 and the second insulator 142 corresponds to the positive electrode
  • the tab 132 of the negative pole and the electrode terminal 122 of the positive pole correspond to the tab 132 of the negative pole and the electrode terminal 122 of the negative pole.
  • the first insulator 141 may also be an integral structure, two second insulators 142 are provided, and two ends of the first insulator 141 along the X direction are respectively connected to one second insulator 142 .
  • the specific structure of the insulating assembly 14 will be described in detail below by taking one set of the first insulating member 141 , the second insulating member 142 , and the corresponding tabs 132 and the electrode terminals 122 as examples.
  • FIG. 6 shows a cross-sectional view of an assembly of an electrode assembly 13 assembled with an insulating assembly 14 according to some embodiments of the present application
  • FIG. 7 is a partial enlarged view of A in FIG. 6 .
  • the first insulating member 141 includes a first portion 1411 and a second portion 1412 .
  • the outer surface of the first portion 1411 abuts against the cover plate 121
  • the second portion 1412 is formed by extending the first portion 1411 away from the main body 131 along the X direction
  • a receiving space 14124 is formed between the second portion 1412 and the cover plate 121 .
  • the second insulator 142 includes a side plate 1421 and a first end plate 1422, the side plate 1421 is located between the tab 132 and the inner surface of the housing 11 along the X direction, and the side plate 1421 is along the direction perpendicular to the X direction (ie, the YZ plane )extend.
  • the end of the side plate 1421 facing the cover plate 121 is the first end 14211
  • the end facing away from the cover plate 121 is the second end 14212 .
  • One end of the first end plate 1422 is connected to the first end 14211 of the side plate 1421, and the other end of the first end plate 1422 extends into the receiving space 14124 and abuts against the second part 1412, so that the first insulator 141 and the second The insulator 142 is connected.
  • the side plate 1421 can insulate and isolate the tab 132 from the inner surface of the housing 11 in the X direction, and the first end plate 1422 and the second portion 1412 abut and jointly insulate and isolate the tab 132 from the cover plate 121 in the Z direction.
  • the first end plate 1422 protrudes into the receiving space 14124 and abuts against the second part 1412, so that the second part 1412 can fill the gap between the first end plate 1422 and the tab 132 along the Z direction, preventing the second insulator 142 from moving along the The Z direction shakes relative to the tab 132 to separate from the tab 132 .
  • the second insulator 142 may also only include the side plate 1421, and the first end 14211 of the side plate 1421 is directly connected to the second part 1412 of the first insulator 141, so as to simplify the insulation assembly 14. structure.
  • the outer surface of the second part 1412 of the first insulating member 141 abuts between the cover plate 121 and the tab 132, and the second part 1412 is provided with a groove extending along the X direction.
  • the groove forms a receiving space 14124 .
  • the first end plate 1422 is inserted into the groove to realize the connection between the first insulating member 141 and the second insulating member 142 .
  • the first part 1411 of the first insulator 141 abuts between the electrode assembly 13 and the cover plate 121 along the Z direction, and is provided with an insulating protrusion 14111 inserted into the electrode lead-out hole, and an electrode terminal 122 Through the insulating protrusion 14111 , the insulation is disposed on the cover plate 121 .
  • One end of the current collecting member 15 is connected to the electrode terminal 122 at the first portion 1411 , and the other end is connected to the tab 132 .
  • the first part 1411 of the first insulator 141 has the function of lowering the plastic, which is used to insulate the isolated electrode terminal 122 from the cover plate 121, and is also used to insulate the isolated electrode assembly 13 from the cover plate 121;
  • a part 1411 is formed extending away from the main body 131 along the X direction for connecting with the second insulating member 142 .
  • the first part 1411 of the first insulating member 141 may not include the insulating protrusion 14111, but only a part of the structure extending along the X direction, so as to abut between the electrode assembly 13 and the cover plate 121, the first The insulator 141 is set independently from the lower plastic.
  • FIG. 8 shows a schematic diagram of a partial structure embodying the connection between the second part 1412 and the first end plate 1422 .
  • the insertion gap H is the size of the accommodation space 14124 in the Z direction
  • the first end plate 1422 is inserted into the accommodation space 14124
  • the first end plate 1422 is adapted to be inserted into the gap H in the Z direction and closely fits with the second part 1412 to prevent the second insulator 142 from shaking in the Z direction.
  • the insertion gap H between the second part 1412 and the cover plate 121 increases gradually.
  • the two outer surfaces of the second part 1412 along the Z direction are the first surface 14121 and the second surface 14122 respectively, the first surface 14121 is the surface facing the cover plate 121, and the second surface 14122 is the surface facing away from the cover plate 121 surface.
  • the two surfaces of the first end plate 1422 along the Z direction are respectively a third surface 14221 and a fourth surface 14222 , the third surface 14221 is a surface facing the cover plate 121 , and the fourth surface 14222 is a surface facing away from the cover plate 121 .
  • the distance between the first surface 14121 of the second portion 1412 and the inner surface of the cover plate 121 is the insertion gap H.
  • the first surface 14121 of the second portion 1412 is inclined away from the cover plate 121 , so that the insertion gap H gradually increases.
  • the first end plate 1422 can be easily inserted into the receiving space 14124 along the X direction toward the main body 131, so that the second insulating member 142 and the first insulating member
  • the assembly process of 141 is simplified and the assembly efficiency is improved.
  • the fourth surface 14222 of the first end plate 1422 is engaged with the first surface 14121 of the second part 1412 to limit the first end plate 1422 to move along the X direction relative to the first insulating member 141. displacement, so that the second insulating member 142 is firmly connected to the first insulating member 141 .
  • one of the first surface 14121 and the fourth surface 14222 is provided with a protrusion, and the other is provided with a notch, and the protrusion cooperates with the notch to limit the first end plate 1422 relative to the second end plate.
  • An insulator 141 is displaced along the X direction, has a simple structure, is easy to process and shape, and has a firm and reliable clamping effect.
  • FIG. 9 shows a schematic structural view of a first insulating member in some embodiments of the present application
  • FIG. 10 shows a schematic structural view of a second insulating member in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the first surface 14121 is provided with a notch 14123
  • the fourth surface 14222 is provided with a protrusion 14223 .
  • the first surface 14121 is provided with protrusions, and the fourth surface 14222 is provided with grooves.
  • both the first surface 14121 and the fourth surface 14222 are provided with grooves and protrusions, and each groove is engaged with a corresponding protrusion.
  • a rough structure or an elastic layer may be provided on the first surface 14121 and the fourth surface 14222 respectively, so that the contact between the first surface 14121 and the fourth surface 14222 limits the first insulating member 141 and the fourth surface.
  • the two insulators 142 are relatively displaced in the X direction.
  • the second insulating member 142 can completely cover the tab 132 in the circumferential direction around the axis extending along the X direction, or can partially cover the tab 132 .
  • the second insulating member 142 further includes a second end plate 1423 , a third end plate 1424 and a fourth end plate 1425 .
  • the second end plate is connected to the second end 14212 of the side plate 1421 (please refer to FIG. 6 ), and the second end plate 1423 is arranged between the tab 132 and the inner surface of the housing 11 along the Z direction to insulate the tab 132 With the housing 11 (not shown in the figure).
  • the third end plate 1424 and the fourth end plate 1425 are respectively connected to the two sides of the side plate 1421 along the Y direction, the side plate 1421, the first end plate 1422, the second end plate 1423, the third end plate 1424 and the fourth end plate 1425 encloses a cavity 1426 opening toward the electrode assembly 13 .
  • the opening of the cavity 1426 faces the electrode assembly 13 (please refer to FIG. 4 ), and the tab 132 is at least partially accommodated in the cavity 1426 .
  • the second insulator 142 completely covers the tab 132 in the circumferential direction extending along the X direction around the axis, and the tab 132 is at least partially located inside the cavity 1426 along the X direction, and can completely insulate and isolate the tab 132 from the inside of the housing 11. surface and the housing 11 and the cover 121 .
  • the second insulator 142 may also only include side plates 1421 and first end plates 1422, and the side plates 1421 are used to insulate and isolate the tab 132 from the inner surface of the housing 11 along the X direction.
  • the first end plate 1422 is connected to the first insulating member 141 .
  • the second insulating member 142 may also only include side plates 1421 , first end plates 1422 and second end plates 1423 , further insulating and protecting both ends of the tab 132 along the Z direction.
  • the end of the tab 132 away from the cover plate 121 along the Z direction (that is, the end corresponding to the second end plate 1423 ) includes a curved surface 1321 (please refer to FIG. 4 ), the first The two end plates 1423 are arc-shaped plates matching the curved surface.
  • Matching the second end plate 1423 with the surface of the tab 132 can not only reduce the outer size of the second insulator 142, but also reduce the fit gap between the second insulator 142 and the tab 132, making the second insulator 142 is firmly matched with the tab 132.
  • the second end plate 1423 may also be a flat plate structure to simplify the construction of the second insulating member 142 .
  • the end of the first end plate 1422 , the second end plate 1423 , the third end plate 1424 and the fourth end plate 1425 along the X direction away from the side plate 1421 forms a second end plate.
  • the first contour line 1427 of the insulating member 142 and the contour of the side plate 1421 on the YZ plane are the second contour line 1428 of the second insulating member 142 .
  • the second contour line 1428 of the side plate 1421 falls within the projection range of the first contour line 1427 . That is to say, in the direction of approaching the main body 131 along the X direction, the second insulating member 142 has a flaring structure.
  • the first contour line 1427 and the second contour line 1428 can also be arranged coincidently, and the second insulating member 142 is a cuboid structure with an opening at one end to simplify the structure of the second insulating member 142 .
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of an assembly in which an insulating assembly including a third insulating member is assembled with an electrode assembly in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the insulating assembly 14 further includes a third insulating member 143, and the third insulating member 143 is disposed between the main body 131 and the inner surface of the housing 11 to insulate the main body 131. and housing 11. Both ends of the third insulating member 143 along the X direction are respectively a connecting edge 1431 , and the connecting edge 1431 is connected to the second insulating member 142 in a one-to-one correspondence.
  • the third insulator 143 can cover the main body 131 in the circumferential direction extending along the X direction around the axis to realize the main body 131 to insulate the main body 131 from the inner surface of the housing 11 and the cover plate 121 .
  • the first insulator 141 and the third insulator 143 have overlapping connection regions 1432 along the X direction.
  • the first insulator 141 , the second insulator 142 and the third insulator 143 cover the electrode assembly 13 together to completely insulate and protect the outer surface of the electrode assembly 13 .
  • the third insulating member 143 is an insulating film wrapped around the main body 131 in a winding form.
  • the third insulating member 143 can also be hard insulating plastic, covering the main body 131 in an assembled form.
  • the second insulator 142 can be connected to the third insulator 143 in the region of the tab 132 on the XZ plane, or can be connected to the tab 132 in the region of the main body 131 .
  • the projection of the connection area 1432 between the third insulating member 143 and the second insulating member 142 falls into the tab 132 projections.
  • the size of the main body 131 is L1
  • the size of the third insulating member 143 is L2, L2>L1
  • both ends of the third insulating member 143 exceed the ends of the main body 131 .
  • connection edges 1431 of the third insulator 143 respectively fall into the projections of the corresponding tabs 132 on the XZ plane, and the connection area 1432 falls into the projection of the tabs 132 on the XZ plane, which not only can complete the insulation protection
  • the main body 131 does not additionally increase the external size of the battery cell 10 , so that the battery cell 10 has a higher energy density.
  • connection edge 1431 falls into the projection of the tab 132 on the XZ plane
  • the projection part of the connection region 1432 on the YZ plane falls into the projection of the main body 131, so as to increase the distance between the second insulating member 142 and the third insulating member.
  • the area of the connection area 1432 of 143 makes it firmly connected.
  • the assembly process of the battery cell 10 in the embodiment of the present application is as follows:
  • the first part 1411 of the first insulator 141 is connected to the cover plate 121, the insulating protrusion 14111 is inserted into the electrode lead-out hole, the electrode terminal 122 penetrates the insulating protrusion 14111 along the Z direction, and the two ends of the current collecting member 15 are respectively connected to the electrode terminal 122 and the pole.
  • the ears 132 are connected so that the cover plate 121, the electrode assembly 13, and the first insulating member 141 form an integrated structure;
  • the two second insulators 142 are sheathed on the corresponding tabs 132 along the X direction toward the main body 131 , the first end plate 1422 of the second insulator 142 is inserted into the receiving space 14124 , and the connecting edge 1431 of the third insulator 143 Insert the inside of the second insulator 142 along the X direction and form the connection area 1432.
  • the projection of the connection area 1432 on the XZ plane falls into the projection of the tab 132.
  • the insulation assembly 14 and the electrode assembly 13 have been assembled into one Assembly;
  • the connecting structure of the first insulator 141 and the second insulator 142 will not increase the thickness in the Y direction, and the second insulator
  • the part 142 is connected with the third insulating part 143 in the area of the tab 132, and the thickness will not be increased in the Y direction, so that the insulating component 14 increases the outer surface of the electrode component 13 with a smaller thickness, that is, the insulation can be realized.
  • the protective function improves the energy density of the battery cell 10 on the basis of ensuring the safety performance of the battery cell 10, and also improves the efficiency of industrial assembly.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)

Abstract

本申请涉及一种电池单体、电池以及用电装置，属于电池制造技术领域。本申请提出一种电池单体，包括：壳体；盖板；电极组件，包括主体和从主体沿第一方向的端部延伸的极耳，盖板位于主体沿第二方向的一侧，第一方向与第二方向垂直；第一绝缘件，设置于电极组件和盖板之间，以绝缘隔离电极组件和盖板；以及第二绝缘件，设置于主体和壳体的内表面之间，以绝缘隔离极耳和壳体；其中，第二绝缘件和第一绝缘件分体设置且相互连接。本申请还提出一种电池以及用电装置，均包括上述的电池单体，组装方便，安全性能和能量密度较高。

Description

电池单体、电池以及用电装置
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求享有2021年7月30日提交的名称为“电池单体、电池以及用电装置”的中国专利申请(202121772418.6)的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池制造技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种电池单体、电池以及用电装置。
背景技术
随着新能源汽车市场的持续繁荣，动力电池行业迅速扩产壮大，锂电池技术日益精进，对电池单体的安全性能、能量密度和工业化要求提出了越来越高的要求。
为了提高电池单体的安全性能，需要采用绝缘组件将电极组件绝缘防护，以避免电极组件与壳体接触导致电池单体发生短路。目前主要采用折胶工艺实现电极组件的绝缘防护，不仅耗时较长，还造成电池单体的外尺寸的增大，能量密度降低。
发明内容
为此，本申请提出一种电池单体、电池以及用电装置，能够绝缘隔离电极组件与壳体，组装方便，且较小程度地增加电池单体的外尺寸，进而使电池单体的能量密度较高。
本申请第一方面实施提出一种电池单体，包括：壳体，具有开口；盖板，用于封闭所述开口；电极组件，设置于所述壳体内，所述电极组件还包括主体和从所述主体沿第一方向的端部延伸的极耳，所述盖板位于所述主体沿第二方向的一侧，所述第一方向与所述第二方向垂直；第一绝缘件，设置于所述电极组件和所述盖板之间，以绝缘隔离所述电极组件和所述盖板；以及第二绝缘件，设置于所述主体和所述壳体的内表面之间，以绝缘隔离所述极耳和所述壳体；其中，所述第二绝缘件和所述第一绝缘件分体设置且相互连接。
使用第一绝缘件绝缘隔离电极组件和盖板，使用第二绝缘件绝缘隔离极耳和壳体，第一绝缘件和第二绝缘件分体设置且相互连接，不仅组装方便，而且能够降低第一绝缘件和第二绝缘件组装后形成的绝缘组件的厚度，从而降低绝缘组件组装于电极组件后导致电池单体的外尺寸增加的程度，进而使电池单体具有较高的能量密度。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述第二绝缘件包括侧板和第一端板，所述侧板沿所述第一方向位于所述极耳和所述壳体的内表面之间，所述侧板沿垂直于第一方向的方向延伸，所述第一端板与所述侧板的面向所述盖板的一端连接，所述第一端板连接于所述第一绝缘件。
使用侧板在第一方向上绝缘隔离极耳与壳体的内表面，使用第一端板在第二方向上绝缘隔离极耳与盖板，且使用第一端板与第一绝缘件连接，能够避免在垂直于第一方向和第二方向的方向所导致的绝缘组件的厚度的增加，降低绝缘组件所导致的电池单体的外尺寸的增加的程度，进而使电池单体具有较高的能量密度。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述第一绝缘件包括第一部分和第二部分，所述第一部分的外表面抵接于所述盖板，所述第二部分由所述第一部分沿所述第一方向向背离所述主体的方向延伸形成，所述第二部分与所述盖板之间形成有容纳空间，所述第一端板伸入所述容纳空间且与所述第二部分抵接。
使用第一端板伸入容纳空间且与第二部分抵接，不仅实现将第一绝缘件与第二绝缘件连接，还能够填充第一端板与极耳之间的间隙，避免第二绝缘件沿第二方向相对于极耳晃动以与极耳分离。
根据本申请的一些实施例，沿着所述第一方向且背离所述主体的方向上，所述第二部分与 所述盖板之间的距离逐渐增大。
第二部分与盖板之间的距离沿背离主体的方向逐渐增大，能够形成易于第一端板沿第一方向伸入容纳空间的导向结构，使第二绝缘件易于第一绝缘件和电极组件进行组装，提高了组装效率。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述第一端板的背离所述盖板的表面与所述第二部分的靠近所述盖板的表面卡接，以限制所述第一端板相对于所述第一绝缘件沿所述第一方向发生位移。
通过第一端板与第一绝缘件的第二部分卡接连接，能够限制第一端板相对于第一绝缘件沿第一方向发生位移，使第二绝缘件与第一绝缘件牢固连接。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述第二部分的靠近所述盖板的表面和所述第一端板的远离所述盖板的表面中一者设有凸起，另一者设有槽口，所述凸起与所述槽口配合以限制所述第一端板相对于所述第一绝缘件沿所述第一方向发生位移。
使用凸起与槽口的配合来限制第一端板相对于第一绝缘件沿第一方向发生位移，构造简单，易于加工成型，且卡接效果牢固可靠。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述第二绝缘件还包括第二端板，所述第二端板与所述侧板沿所述第二方向的另一端连接，所述第二端板沿所述第二方向设置于所述极耳与所述壳体的内表面之间，以绝缘隔离所述极耳与所述壳体。
第二端板设置于极耳与壳体的内表面之间，能够在电极组件的远离盖板的一侧绝缘隔离极耳与壳体，以实现绝缘防护效果。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述极耳沿所述第二方向背离所述盖板的一端包括曲面，所述第二端板为与所述曲面相匹配的弧形板。
将第二端板与极耳的表面匹配设置，不仅能够减少第二绝缘件的外尺寸，还能够降低第二绝缘件与极耳之间的配合间隙，使第二绝缘件与极耳牢固配合。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述第二绝缘件还包括第三端板和第四端板，所述第三端板和所述第四端板分别连接于所述侧板沿第三方向的两侧，所述第三方向垂直于所述第一方向和所述第二方向，所述侧板、所述第一端板、所述第二端板、所述第三端板和所述第四端板围成开口朝向所述电极组件的空腔，所述极耳至少部分容纳于所述空腔。
将极耳至少部分容纳于空腔，能够绝缘防护极耳与壳体的内表面，避免极耳与壳体的内表面接触以导致电池单体的内部短路。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述电池单体还包括第三绝缘件，所述第三绝缘件设置于所述主体与所述壳体的内表面之间，以绝缘隔离所述主体和所述壳体；所述第三绝缘件沿所述第一方向的一端与所述第二绝缘件连接，在垂直于所述第三方向的平面上，所述第三绝缘件与所述第二绝缘件的连接区域的投影落入所述极耳的投影。
使用第三绝缘件能够绝缘隔离主体和壳体的内表面，第三绝缘件与第二绝缘件连接，能够绝缘隔离主体与极耳的连接处；第三绝缘件与第二绝缘件的连接区域的投影落入极耳的投影，不会额外增加电池单体的外尺寸，进而使电池单体具有较高的能量密度。
本申请第二方面实施例还提出一种电池，包括本申请第一方面实施例提出的电池单体。
本申请第三方面实施例提出一种用电装置，包括本申请第二方面实施例提出的电池。
本申请的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，部分将从下面的描述中变得明显，或通过本申请的实践了解到。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，应当理解，以下附图仅示出了本申请的某些实施例，因此不应被看作是对范围的限定，对 于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他相关的附图。
图1示出的是本申请一实施例中的一种车辆的简易示意图；
图2示出的是图1中车辆的电池的结构示意图；
图3示出的是图2中电池的一个电池单体的结构示意图；
图4示出的是本申请一些实施例中组装有绝缘组件的电极组件的组合体的爆炸图；
图5示出的是本申请一些实施例中组装有绝缘组件的电极组件的组合体的正视视角的结构示意图；
图6示出的是本申请一些实施例组装有绝缘组件的电极组件的组合体的剖面图；
图7为图6中A处的局部放大图；
图8示出的是体现第二部分与第一端板连接的局部结构示意图；
图9示出的是本申请一些实施例中第一绝缘件的结构示意图；
图10示出的是本申请一些实施例中第二绝缘件的结构示意图；
图11示出的是本申请的一些实施例中包括第三绝缘件的绝缘组件组装于电极组件的组合体的结构示意图。
图标：1000-车辆；100-电池；10-电池单体；11-壳体；12-端盖组件；121-盖板；122-电极端子；123-泄压部；13-电极组件；131-主体；132-极耳；1321-曲面；14-绝缘组件；141-第一绝缘件；1411-第一部分；14111-绝缘凸起；1412-第二部分；14121-第一表面；14122-第二表面；14123-槽口；14124-容纳空间；142-第二绝缘件；1421-侧板；14211-第一端；14212-第二端；1422-第一端板；14221-第三表面；14222-第四表面；14223-凸起；1423-第二端板；1424-第三端板；1425-第四端板；1426-空腔；1427-第一轮廓线；1428-第二轮廓线；143-第三绝缘件；1431-连接边缘；1432-连接区域；15-集流构件；20-箱体；21-第一箱体；22-第二箱体；200-控制器；300-马达。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
除非另有定义，本申请所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本申请中在申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及他们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。本申请的说明书和权利要求书或上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别不同对象，而不是用于描述特定顺序或主次关系。
在本申请中提及“实施例”意味着结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是，本申请所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
在本申请的描述中需要说明的是除非另有明确的规定和限定术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“附接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
本申请中出现的“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)。
本申请中，电池单体可以包括锂离子二次电池、锂离子一次电池、锂硫电池、钠锂离子电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。电池单体可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等，本申请实施例对此也不限定。电池单体一般按封装的方式分成三种：圆柱电池单体、方形电池单体和软包电池单体。
本申请的实施例所提到的电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。例如，本申请中所提到的电池可以包括电池模块或电池包等。电池一般包括用于封装一个或多个电池单体的箱体，箱体可以避免液体或其他异物影响电池单体的充电或放电。
电池单体包括电极组件和电解液，电极组件由正极极片、负极极片和隔离膜组成。电池单体主要依靠金属离子在正极极片和负极极片之间移动来工作。正极极片包括正极集流体和正极活性物质层，正极活性物质层涂覆于正极集流体的表面，未涂敷正极活性物质层的正极集流体凸出于已涂覆正极活性物质层的正极集流体，未涂敷正极活性物质层的正极集流体作为正极极耳。以锂离子电池为例，正极集流体的材料可以为铝，正极活性物质可以为钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂、三元锂或锰酸锂等。负极极片包括负极集流体和负极活性物质层，负极活性物质层涂覆于负极集流体的表面，未涂敷负极活性物质层的负极集流体凸出于已涂覆负极活性物质层的负极集流体，未涂敷负极活性物质层的负极集流体作负极极耳。负极集流体的材料可以为铜，负极活性物质可以为碳或硅等。为了保证通过大电流而不发生熔断，正极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起，负极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起。隔离膜的材质可以为PP(polypropylene，聚丙烯)或PE(polyethylene，聚乙烯)等。此外，电极组件可以是卷绕式结构，也可以是叠片式结构，本申请实施例并不限于此。
电池单体还包括泄压部，泄压部在电池单体内部压力达到阈值时致动。阈值设计根据设计需求不同而不同。阈值可能取决于电池单体的正极极片、负极极片、电解液和隔离膜中一种或几种的材料。泄压部可以采用诸如防爆阀、气阀、泄压阀或安全阀等的形式，并可以具体采用压敏或温敏的元件或构造，即，当电池单体的内部压力或温度达到阈值时，泄压部执行动作或者泄压部中设有的薄弱结构被破坏，从而形成可供内部压力或温度泄放的开口或通道。
本申请中所提到的“致动”是指泄压部产生动作或被激活至一定的形态，从而使得电池单体的内部压力及温度得以被泄放。泄压部产生的动作可以包括但不限于：泄压部中的至少一部分破裂、破碎、被撕裂或者打开，等等。泄压部在致动时，电池单体的内部的高温高压物质作为排放物会从开启的部位向外排出。以此方式能够在可控压力或温度的情况下使电池单体发生泄压及泄温，从而避免潜在的更严重的事故发生。
电池单体还包括集流构件和汇流部件，集流构件用于将电池单体的极耳和电极端子电连接，以将电能从电极组件输送至电极端子，经电极端子输送至电池单体的外部；多个电池单体之间通过汇流部件实现电连接，以实现多个电池单体的串联、并联或者混联。
相关技术中，电池单体的电极组件使用绝缘组件绝缘防护，再将绝缘组件与电极组件组装后形成的组合体放入壳体的内部，使用盖板覆盖壳体的开口以将组合体封闭于壳体的内部。在进行组装的过程中，由于需要考虑绝缘组件所额外占用的空间，需要适当增加壳体的外尺寸，以使壳体的内部有足够的空间容纳组合体，这往往会降低电池单体的能量密度。
发明人发现，目前常用的绝缘组件采用折胶工艺成型，即采用一体式的绝缘胶纸折弯来包裹于电极组件的外侧，以将电极组件与壳体、盖板绝缘隔离。一方面，采用折胶工艺成型绝缘组件的方式工序繁琐，需要工人手工折胶，耗费时间较长，影响自动化流水线的节拍和效率。另一方面，绝缘胶纸折弯时不可避免地存在层叠连接区域以确保绝缘包裹电极组件，从而使绝缘组件的局部厚度增加，导致组装成型的组合体的外形尺寸增加，最终使电池单体的能量密度降低。如果能够提供一种新的技术方案，容许减薄绝缘组件的最大厚度，将能够有效提高电池单体的能量密度。
基于上述思路，本申请的发明人提出了一种技术方案，能够绝缘隔离电极组件与壳体，组装方便，且较小程度地增加电池单体的外尺寸，进而使电池单体的能量密度较高。
可以理解的是，本申请实施例描述的电池单体可以直接对用电装置供电，也可以通过并联或者串联的方式形成电池，以电池的形式对各种用电装置供电。
可以理解的是，本申请实施例中描述的使用电池单体或者电池所适用的用电装置可以为多 种形式，例如，手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、电瓶车、电动汽车、轮船、航天器、电动玩具和电动工具等等，例如，航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等，电动玩具包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等，电动工具包括金属切削电动工具、研磨电动工具、装配电动工具和铁道用电动工具，例如，电钻、电动砂轮机、电动扳手、电动螺丝刀、电锤、冲击电钻、混凝土振动器和电刨。
本申请的实施例描述的电池单体以及电池不仅仅局限适用于上述所描述的用电装置，还可以适用于所有使用电池单体以及电池的用电装置，但为描述简洁，下述实施例均以电动汽车为例进行说明。
图1示出的是本申请一实施例中的一种车辆的简易示意图，图2示出的是图1中车辆的电池的结构示意图，图3示出的是图2中电池的一个电池单体的结构示意图。
如图1所示，车辆1000的内部设置有电池100、控制器200和马达300，例如，在车辆1000的底部或车头或车尾可以设置电池100。车辆1000可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。
在本申请的一些实施例中，电池100可以用于车辆1000的供电，例如，电池100可以作为车辆1000的操作电源。控制器200用来控制电池100为马达300的供电，例如，用于车辆1000的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在其他实施例中，电池100不仅仅可以作为车辆1000的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1000的驱动电源，替代或部分地替代燃油或天然气为车辆1000提供驱动动力。
其中，本申请的实施例所提到的电池100是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。例如，电池100由多个电池单体10串联或者并联而成。
如图2所示，电池100包括多个电池单体10和箱体20，多个电池单体10放置于箱体20内。箱体20包括第一箱体21和第二箱体22，第一箱体21和第二箱体22相互盖合后形成电池腔，多个电池单体10放置于电池腔内。其中，第一箱体21和第二箱体22的形状可以根据多个电池单体10组合的形状而定，第一箱体21和第二箱体22可以均具有一个开口。例如，第一箱体21和第二箱体22均可以为中空长方体且各自只有一个面为开口面，第一箱体21和第二箱体22的开口相对设置，并且第一箱体21和第二箱体22相互扣合形成具有封闭腔室的箱体20。多个电池单体10相互并联或串联或混联组合后置于第一箱体21和第二箱体22扣合后形成的箱体20内。
如图3所示，电池单体10包括壳体11、端盖组件12、电极组件13、绝缘组件14和集流构件15。
壳体11可为六面体形，也可为其他形状，且该壳体11内部形成容纳腔，用于容纳电极组件13和电解液。壳体11的一端具有开口，使得电极组件13可通过该开口放置于壳体11的内部。壳体11可由金属材料制成，诸如铝、铝合金或者镀镍钢。
为了便于描述，将X方向定义为第一方向，将Z方向定义为第二方向，将Y方向定义第三方向。
在本申请的一些实施例中，X方向、Y方向和Z方向相互垂直。
在其他实施例中，X方向、Y方向和Z方向也可以相互倾斜设置。
如图3所示，例如，壳体11为六面体形，其长度方向沿X方向延伸，高度方向沿Z方向延伸，厚度方向沿Y方向延伸，壳体11沿Z方向的一侧设有开口。
端盖组件12包括盖板121、两个电极端子122和泄压部123。电极组件13设置于壳体11的内部，电极组件13包括主体131和两个极性的极耳132，每个极耳132从主体131沿第一方向X的端部延伸。
盖板121设置于主体的沿Z方向的一侧，用于封闭壳体11的开口。盖板121用于覆盖壳体11的开口，以将电极组件13封闭于壳体11的内部。盖板121采用金属材料制成，例如铝、钢等 材料。泄压部123用于在电池单体10的内部压力达到阈值时致动，以使得电池单体10内部压力及温度得以被泄放。
盖板121上设置有两个电极引出孔，两个电极端子122设置于盖板121的两个电极引出孔。两个电极端子122中，一个为正极电极端子，另一个为负极电极端子。
在本申请的一些实施例中，盖板121呈平板状，盖板121的尺寸和形状与壳体11的开口匹配，盖板121固定于壳体11的开口，从而将电极组件13和电解液封闭于壳体11的容纳腔。
如图3所示，例如，盖板121的长度方向沿X方向延伸，宽度方向沿Y方向延伸，厚度方向沿Z方向延伸。泄压部123居中设置于盖板121且沿Z方向贯穿盖板121，两个电极端子122沿X方向分别设置于泄压部123的两侧。
在其他实施例中，根据电池单体10的形状不同，盖板121也可以为其他形状，例如圆形或者椭圆形，电极端子122和泄压部123也可以为其他的排布方式。
主体131包括正极极片、负极极片和隔离膜，隔离膜位于正极极片与负极极片之间，用于隔开正极极片与负极极片。两个极耳132中，一个为正极极耳，另一个为负极极耳。正极的电极端子122与电极组件13的正极极耳之间通过一个集流构件15电连接，负极的电极端子122与电极组件13的负极极耳通过另一个集流构件15电连接。
在本申请的一些实施例中，电极组件13可以为卷绕轴线与X方向平行的卷绕式结构。
在其他实施例中，电极组件13也可以为沿Y方向层叠设置的叠片式结构。
绝缘组件14用于绝缘防护电极组件13，实现电极组件13与盖板121绝缘隔离以及极耳132与壳体11的内表面绝缘隔离。
绝缘组件14包括分体设置且相互连接的第一绝缘件141和第二绝缘件142。第一绝缘件141设置于电极组件13与盖板121之间，以绝缘隔离电极组件13和盖板121。第二绝缘件142设置于主体131与壳体11的内表面之间，以绝缘隔离极耳132和壳体11的内表面。
第一绝缘件141和第二绝缘件142分体设置且相互连接，不仅组装方便，而且能够降低第一绝缘件141和第二绝缘件142组装后形成的绝缘组件14的厚度，从而降低绝缘组件14组装于电极组件13后导致电池单体10的外尺寸增加的程度，进而使电池单体10具有较高的能量密度。
在本申请的一些实施例中，第一绝缘件141和第二绝缘件142均为塑料件。
在其他实施例中，第一绝缘件141和第二绝缘件142也可以为硅胶件。
在上述方案中，第一绝缘件141可以为一体式结构且沿X方向的两端分别与一个第二绝缘件142连接，第一绝缘件141也可以设置有两个，第一绝缘件141与第二绝缘件142一一对应地连接。第一绝缘件141可以包括沿X方向延伸的部分结构，第二绝缘件142包括沿X方向延伸的部分结构，第一绝缘件141与第二绝缘件142各自通过其沿X方向延伸的部分结构贴合抵接；也可以是第一绝缘件141沿X方向延伸，第二绝缘件142沿Z方向延伸且与第一绝缘件141的沿X方向延伸的部分抵接。
图4示出的是本申请一些实施例中组装有绝缘组件14的电极组件13的爆炸图；图5示出的是本申请一些实施例中组装有绝缘组件14的电极组件13的正视视角的结构示意图。
如图4和图5所示，在本申请的一些实施例中，第一绝缘件141和第二绝缘件142分别设置有两个，其中一个第一绝缘件141和第二绝缘件142对应正极的极耳132和正极的电极端子122，另一个第一绝缘件141和另一个第二绝缘件142对应负极的极耳132和负极的电极端子122。
在其他实施例中，第一绝缘件141也可以为一体式结构，第二绝缘件142设置有两个，第一绝缘件141沿X方向的两端分别连接一个第二绝缘件142。
下面以其中一组第一绝缘件141、第二绝缘件142以及对应的极耳132和电极端子122为例，来具体阐述绝缘组件14的具体构造形式。
图6示出的是本申请一些实施例组装有绝缘组件14的电极组件13的组合体的剖面图；图7为图6中A处的局部放大图。
如图6和图7所示，在本申请的一些实施例中，第一绝缘件141包括第一部分1411和第二部分1412。第一部分1411的外表面抵接于盖板121，第二部分1412由第一部分1411沿X方向向背离主体131的方向延伸形成，第二部分1412与盖板121之间形成有容纳空间14124。第二绝缘件142包括侧板1421和第一端板1422，侧板1421沿X方向位于极耳132和壳体11的内表面之间，侧板1421沿垂直于X方向的方向(即YZ平面)延伸。沿Z方向，侧板1421的面向盖板121的一端为第一端14211，背离盖板121的一端为第二端14212。第一端板1422的一端与侧板1421的第一端14211连接，第一端板1422的另一端伸入容纳空间14124且与第二部分1412抵接，以实现第一绝缘件141与第二绝缘件142连接。
侧板1421能够在X方向上绝缘隔离极耳132与壳体11的内表面，第一端板1422和第二部分1412抵接且共同在Z方向上绝缘隔离极耳132与盖板121。第一端板1422伸入容纳空间14124且与第二部分1412抵接，使第二部分1412能够沿Z方向填充第一端板1422与极耳132之间的间隙，避免第二绝缘件142沿Z方向相对于极耳132晃动以与极耳132分离。
在本申请的另一些实施例中，第二绝缘件142也可以仅包括侧板1421，侧板1421的第一端14211直接与第一绝缘件141的第二部分1412连接，以简化绝缘组件14的构造。
在本申请的另一些实施例中，第一绝缘件141的第二部分1412的外表面抵接于盖板121与极耳132之间，第二部分1412开设有沿X方向延伸的凹槽，凹槽形成容纳空间14124。第一端板1422插入凹槽中以实现第一绝缘件141与第二绝缘件142的连接。
在本申请的一些实施例中，第一绝缘件141的第一部分1411沿Z方向抵接于电极组件13与盖板121之间，且设有插入电极引出孔的绝缘凸起14111，电极端子122贯穿绝缘凸起14111，以绝缘设置于盖板121。集流构件15的一端与电极端子122于第一部分1411连接，另一端与极耳132连接。也就是说，第一绝缘件141的第一部分1411具有下塑胶的功能，用于绝缘隔离电极端子122与盖板121，还用于绝缘隔离电极组件13与盖板121；第二部分1412由第一部分1411沿X方向向背离主体131的方向延伸形成，用于与第二绝缘件142连接。
在其他实施例中，第一绝缘件141的第一部分1411也可以不包括绝缘凸起14111，仅为沿X方向延伸的部分结构，以抵接于电极组件13与盖板121之间，第一绝缘件141与下塑胶独立设置。
图8示出的是体现第二部分1412与第一端板1422连接的局部结构示意图。
如图8所示，沿着Z方向，第二部分1412与盖板121之间具有插入间隙H，插入间隙H即为容纳空间14124在Z方向上的尺寸，第一端板1422插入容纳空间14124后，第一端板1422在Z方向上适应插入间隙H且与第二部分1412紧密配合，以避免第二绝缘件142在Z方向晃动。
在本申请的一些实施例中，沿X方向且背离主体131的方向，第二部分1412与盖板121之间的插入间隙H逐渐增大。
具体而言，第二部分1412沿Z方向的两个外表面分别为第一表面14121和第二表面14122，第一表面14121为面向盖板121的表面，第二表面14122为背离盖板121的表面。第一端板1422沿Z方向的两个表面分别为第三表面14221和第四表面14222，第三表面14221为面向盖板121的表面，第四表面14222为背离盖板121的表面。当第一端板1422插入容纳空间14124时，第二部分1412的第一表面14121与第一端板1422的第四表面14222抵接。沿着X方向且背离主体131的方向，第二部分1412的第一表面14121与盖板121的内表面之间的距离即为插入间隙H。沿着X方向且背离主体131的方向，第二部分1412的第一表面14121向远离盖板121的方向倾斜，以实现插入间隙H逐渐增大。
通过沿X方向且背离主体131的方向逐渐增大的插入间隙H，能易于第一端板1422沿X方向向靠近主体131的方向插入容纳空间14124，使第二绝缘件142与第一绝缘件141的组装过程得到简化，提高了组装效率。
在本申请的一些实施例中，第一端板1422的第四表面14222与第二部分1412的第一表面14121卡接，以限制第一端板1422相对于第一绝缘件141沿X方向发生位移，使第二绝缘件142与第一绝缘件141牢固连接。
在本申请的一些实施例中，第一表面14121和第四表面14222中一者设有凸起，另一者设有槽口，凸起与槽口配合以限制第一端板1422相对于第一绝缘件141沿所述X方向发生位移，构造简单，易于加工成型，且卡接效果牢固可靠。
图9示出的是本申请一些实施例中第一绝缘件的结构示意图，图10示出的是本申请一些实施例中第二绝缘件的结构示意图。
如图8、图9和图10所示，在本申请的一些实施例中，第一表面14121设有槽口14123，第四表面14222设有凸起14223。
本申请的另一些实施例中，第一表面14121设有凸起，第四表面14222设有凹槽。
本申请的另一些实施例中，第一表面14121和第四表面14222均设有凹槽和凸起，每一个凹槽均与对应的一个凸起卡接。
在其他实施例中，也可以在第一表面14121和第四表面14222分别设置粗糙结构或者增加弹性层，以通过第一表面14121和第四表面14222的抵接来限制第一绝缘件141和第二绝缘件142在X方向上发生相对位移。
在上述方案中，第二绝缘件142在绕沿X方向延伸的轴线的周向上可以完全包覆极耳132，也可以部分包覆极耳132。
如图10所示，在本申请的一些实施例中，第二绝缘件142还包括第二端板1423、第三端板1424和第四端板1425。
第二端板与侧板1421的第二端14212(请参照图6)连接，第二端板1423沿Z方向设置于极耳132与壳体11的内表面之间，以绝缘隔离极耳132与壳体11(图中没有示出)。第三端板1424和第四端板1425分别连接于侧板1421沿Y方向的两侧，侧板1421、第一端板1422、第二端板1423、第三端板1424和第四端板1425围成开口朝向电极组件13的空腔1426。空腔1426的开口朝向电极组件13(请参照图4)，极耳132至少部分容纳于空腔1426。
通过上述结构，第二绝缘件142绕轴线沿X方向延伸的周向上完全包覆极耳132，极耳132沿X方向至少部分位于空腔1426内部，能够完全绝缘隔离132与壳体11的内表面以及壳体11与盖板121。
在本申请的另一些实施例中，第二绝缘件142也可以仅包括侧板1421和第一端板1422，通过侧板1421沿X方向绝缘隔离极耳132与壳体11的内表面，通过第一端板1422与第一绝缘件141连接。
在本申请的另一些实施例中，第二绝缘件142也可以仅包括侧板1421、第一端板1422和第二端板1423，进一步沿Z方向对极耳132的两端进行绝缘防护。
如图10所示，在本申请的一些实施例中，极耳132沿Z方向背离盖板121的一端(即与第二端板1423对应的一端)包括曲面1321(请参照图4)，第二端板1423为与曲面相匹配的弧形板。
将第二端板1423与极耳132的表面匹配设置，不仅能够减少第二绝缘件142的外尺寸，还能够降低第二绝缘件142与极耳132之间的配合间隙，使第二绝缘件142与极耳132牢固配合。
在其他实施例中，第二端板1423也可以为平板结构，以简化第二绝缘件142的构造。
如图10所示，在本申请的一些实施例中，第一端板1422、第二端板1423、第三端板1424和第四端板1425沿X方向远离侧板1421的一端形成第二绝缘件142的第一轮廓线1427，侧板1421在YZ平面上的轮廓为第二绝缘件142的第二轮廓线1428。在YZ平面上，侧板1421的第二轮廓线1428落入第一轮廓线1427的投影范围。也就是说，沿着X方向靠近主体131的方向上，第二 绝缘件142呈扩口状结构。
通过上述结构形式，利于第二绝缘件142与极耳132的配合。
在其他实施例中，在YZ平面上，第一轮廓线1427与第二轮廓线1428也可以重合设置，第二绝缘件142为一端设有开口的长方体结构，以简化第二绝缘件142的结构。
图11示出的是本申请的一些实施例中包括第三绝缘件的绝缘组件组装于电极组件的组合体的结构示意图。
如图11所示，在本申请的一些实施例中，绝缘组件14还包括第三绝缘件143，第三绝缘件143设置于主体131与壳体11的内表面之间，以绝缘隔离主体131和壳体11。第三绝缘件143沿X方向的两端分别为一个连接边缘1431，连接边缘1431与第二绝缘件142一一对应地连接。
通过上述布置形式，第三绝缘件143能够绕轴线沿X方向延伸的周向上覆盖主体131，以实现主体131，以将主体131与壳体11的内表面、盖板121绝缘隔离。第一绝缘件141与第三绝缘件143沿X方向具有重叠的连接区域1432。第一绝缘件141、第二绝缘件142第三绝缘件143共同包覆电极组件13，将电极组件13的外表面完全绝缘防护。
在本申请的一些实施例中，第三绝缘件143为绝缘膜，以卷绕的形式包绕于主体131。
在其他实施例中，第三绝缘件143也可以为硬质的绝缘塑料，以组装的形式包覆主体131。
在上述方案中，第二绝缘件142在XZ平面上可以于极耳132的区域与第三绝缘件143连接，也可以于主体131的区域与极耳132连接。
如图11所示，在本申请的一些实施例中，在垂直于Y方向的平面(即XZ平面)上，第三绝缘件143与第二绝缘件142的连接区域1432的投影落入极耳132的投影。沿X方向，主体131的尺寸为L1，第三绝缘件143的尺寸为L2，L2＞L1，且第三绝缘件143的两端边缘均超过主体131的两端边缘。
也就是说，第三绝缘件143的两个连接边缘1431分别在XZ平面上分别落入对应的极耳132的投影，连接区域1432落入极耳132在XZ平面的投影，不仅能够完整绝缘保护主体131，还不会额外增加电池单体10的外尺寸，进而使电池单体10具有较高的能量密度。
在其他实施例中，连接边缘1431在XZ平面上落入极耳132的投影，连接区域1432在YZ平面上的投影部分落入主体131的投影，以增加第二绝缘件142与第三绝缘件143的连接区域1432的面积，使其牢固连接。
本申请实施例中的电池单体10的组装过程如下：
使用第三绝缘件143绕轴线沿X方向延伸的周向上周向覆盖主体131；
第一绝缘件141的第一部分1411与盖板121连接，绝缘凸起14111插入电极引出孔，电极端子122沿Z方向贯穿绝缘凸起14111，集流构件15的两端分别与电极端子122和极耳132连接，以使盖板121、电极组件13、第一绝缘件141形成一体式结构；
两个第二绝缘件142沿X方向向靠近主体131的方向套设于对应的极耳132，第二绝缘件142的第一端板1422插入容纳空间14124，第三绝缘件143的连接边缘1431沿X方向插入第二绝缘件142的内部且形成连接区域1432，连接区域1432在XZ平面上的投影落入极耳132的投影内，此时已经形成绝缘组件14与电极组件13组装为一体的组装体；
将组装有绝缘组件14的电极组件13放入壳体11的内部，使用盖板121封闭壳体11的开口，将盖板121与壳体11的开口焊接连接，形成电池单体10。
在上述组装过程中，由于第一绝缘件141与第二绝缘件142分体设置且连接，第一绝缘件141与第二绝缘件142的连接结构不会在Y方向额外增加厚度，第二绝缘件142与第三绝缘件143于极耳132的区域连接，也不会在Y方向上额外增加厚度，从而使绝缘组件14在电极组件13的外表面向外增加较小的厚度，即能够实现绝缘防护的功能，进而在保障电池单体10的安全性能的基础上提高其能量密度，还提高了工业化组装效率。
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例中的特征可以相互结合。
以上所述仅为本申请的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种电池单体，其中，包括：
    壳体，具有开口；
    盖板，用于封闭所述开口；
    电极组件，设置于所述壳体内，所述电极组件还包括主体和从所述主体沿第一方向的端部延伸的极耳，所述盖板位于所述主体沿第二方向的一侧，所述第一方向与所述第二方向垂直；
    第一绝缘件，设置于所述电极组件和所述盖板之间，以绝缘隔离所述电极组件和所述盖板；以及
    第二绝缘件，设置于所述主体和所述壳体的内表面之间，以绝缘隔离所述极耳和所述壳体；
    其中，所述第二绝缘件和所述第一绝缘件分体设置且相互连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池单体，其中，所述第二绝缘件包括侧板和第一端板，所述侧板沿所述第一方向位于所述极耳和所述壳体的内表面之间，所述侧板沿垂直于第一方向的方向延伸，所述第一端板与所述侧板的面向所述盖板的一端连接，所述第一端板连接于所述第一绝缘件。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一绝缘件包括第一部分和第二部分，所述第一部分的外表面抵接于所述盖板，所述第二部分由所述第一部分沿所述第一方向向背离所述主体的方向延伸形成，所述第二部分与所述盖板之间形成有容纳空间，所述第一端板伸入所述容纳空间且与所述第二部分抵接。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电池单体，其中，沿着所述第一方向且背离所述主体的方向上，所述第二部分与所述盖板之间的距离逐渐增大。
  5. 根据权利要求3或4所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一端板的背离所述盖板的表面与所述第二部分的靠近所述盖板的表面卡接，以限制所述第一端板相对于所述第一绝缘件沿所述第一方向发生位移。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电池单体，其中，所述第二部分的靠近所述盖板的表面和所述第一端板的远离所述盖板的表面中一者设有凸起，另一者设有槽口，所述凸起与所述槽口配合以限制所述第一端板相对于所述第一绝缘件沿所述第一方向发生位移。
  7. 根据权利要求2-6任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述第二绝缘件还包括第二端板，所述第二端板与所述侧板沿所述第二方向的另一端连接，所述第二端板沿所述第二方向设置于所述极耳与所述壳体的内表面之间，以绝缘隔离所述极耳与所述壳体。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电池单体，其中，所述极耳沿所述第二方向背离所述盖板的一端包括曲面，所述第二端板为与所述曲面相匹配的弧形板。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电池单体，其中，所述第二绝缘件还包括第三端板和第四端板，所述第三端板和所述第四端板分别连接于所述侧板沿第三方向的两侧，所述第三方向垂直于所述第一方向和所述第二方向，所述侧板、所述第一端板、所述第二端板、所述第三端板和所述第四端板围成开口朝向所述电极组件的空腔，所述极耳至少部分容纳于所述空腔。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的电池单体，其中，所述电池单体还包括第三绝缘件，所述第三绝缘件设置于所述主体与所述壳体的内表面之间，以绝缘隔离所述主体和所述壳体；
    所述第三绝缘件沿所述第一方向的一端与所述第二绝缘件连接，在垂直于所述第三方向的平面上，所述第三绝缘件与所述第二绝缘件的连接区域的投影落入所述极耳的投影。
  11. 一种电池，其中，包括如权利要求1-10任一项所述的电池单体。
  12. 一种用电装置，其中，包括如权利要求11所述的电池。
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