WO2022142609A1 - 盖组件、电池、用电设备、电池单体及其制造方法 - Google Patents

盖组件、电池、用电设备、电池单体及其制造方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022142609A1
WO2022142609A1 PCT/CN2021/125104 CN2021125104W WO2022142609A1 WO 2022142609 A1 WO2022142609 A1 WO 2022142609A1 CN 2021125104 W CN2021125104 W CN 2021125104W WO 2022142609 A1 WO2022142609 A1 WO 2022142609A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electrode terminal
end cap
pressure relief
relief mechanism
battery cell
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/125104
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
苏华圣
邢承友
吴译晨
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
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Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to EP21913354.3A priority Critical patent/EP4235918A1/en
Priority to JP2023530681A priority patent/JP2023549945A/ja
Publication of WO2022142609A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022142609A1/zh
Priority to US18/344,861 priority patent/US20230344044A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H01M50/166—Lids or covers characterised by the methods of assembling casings with lids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
    • H01M10/0587—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only wound construction elements, i.e. wound positive electrodes, wound negative electrodes and wound separators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H01M50/148—Lids or covers characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/152—Lids or covers characterised by their shape for cells having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/172—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing
    • H01M50/174—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing adapted for the shape of the cells
    • H01M50/179—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing adapted for the shape of the cells for cells having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/342—Non-re-sealable arrangements
    • H01M50/3425—Non-re-sealable arrangements in the form of rupturable membranes or weakened parts, e.g. pierced with the aid of a sharp member
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/375—Vent means sensitive to or responsive to temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/528—Fixed electrical connections, i.e. not intended for disconnection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H01M50/538—Connection of several leads or tabs of wound or folded electrode stacks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/543—Terminals
    • H01M50/547—Terminals characterised by the disposition of the terminals on the cells
    • H01M50/55—Terminals characterised by the disposition of the terminals on the cells on the same side of the cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/543—Terminals
    • H01M50/552—Terminals characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/559—Terminals adapted for cells having curved cross-section, e.g. round, elliptic or button cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular, to an end cap assembly, a battery, an electrical device, a battery cell, and a manufacturing method thereof.
  • Lithium-ion batteries are generally used in vehicles. As a rechargeable battery, lithium-ion batteries have the advantages of small size, high energy density, high power density, many cycles and long storage time.
  • the rechargeable battery generally includes a casing, an end cap assembly and an electrode assembly.
  • the end cap assembly is covered on the casing to provide a closed space for the electrode assembly and the electrolyte.
  • the electrical energy of the electrode assembly can be drawn out through the electrode terminals of the end cap assembly. outside the shell.
  • a pressure relief mechanism is generally provided in the end cap assembly.
  • the pressure relief mechanism can release the pressure inside the battery.
  • the arrangement position of the pressure relief mechanism directly affects the ability of the pressure relief mechanism to release the internal pressure of the battery.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide an end cap assembly, a battery, an electrical device, a battery cell, and a manufacturing method thereof, and the arrangement of the pressure relief mechanism is more reasonable.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an end cap assembly for a battery cell, including an end cap, a first electrode terminal, a second electrode terminal, a connector, and a pressure relief mechanism; the first electrode terminal is mounted on the the end cap; the second electrode terminal is mounted on the end cap: the connecting piece is used to connect the first electrode terminal and the second electrode terminal, and the connecting piece is located at the end of the end cap; one side away from the inside of the battery cell in one direction; the pressure relief mechanism is arranged on the end cover, and the pressure relief mechanism is at least partially located between the first electrode terminal and the second electrode terminal, The pressure relief mechanism is configured to actuate to relieve the pressure inside the battery cell when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell reaches a threshold value.
  • the pressure relief mechanism is arranged on the end cover, and the pressure relief mechanism is at least partially located between the first electrode terminal and the second electrode terminal, and the space between the first electrode terminal and the second electrode terminal is effectively utilized by the end cover,
  • the arrangement of the pressure relief mechanism is more reasonable, and a larger size pressure relief mechanism can be set.
  • the projection of the connector in the first direction covers at least a portion of the pressure relief mechanism.
  • the projection of the connecting piece in the first direction covers at least a part of the pressure relief mechanism, and the pressure relief mechanism effectively utilizes the space occupied by the connecting piece on the end cap, and more reasonably utilizes the space on the end cap.
  • the pressure relief mechanism includes an open region, the pressure relief mechanism configured to vent the interior of the battery cell from the open region when the pressure or temperature inside the battery cell reaches a threshold value
  • the projection of the connecting piece in the first direction covers a part of the opening area, and the projection of the opening area in the first direction exceeds the projection of the connecting piece in the first direction.
  • the projection of the connector in the first direction covers a part of the opening area, and the projection of the opening area in the first direction exceeds the projection of the connector in the first direction, that is, the opening area is not connected in the first direction.
  • the parts are completely shielded, so that the process of releasing the pressure inside the battery cell through the opening area is smoother.
  • the opening area extends along the second direction
  • the connecting member extends along the third direction; the first direction, the second direction and the third direction are perpendicular to each other.
  • the extension direction of the opening area and the extension direction of the connector are perpendicular to the first direction.
  • This structure makes the area of the opening area blocked by the connector smaller, and further improves the discharge of battery cells through the opening area.
  • the smoothness of the process of internal pressure is very important.
  • the opening area includes the first opening area and a second opening area, the second opening area is disposed at at least one end of the first opening area in the second direction; the connecting member The projection in the first direction covers at least a part of the first opening area, the projection of the second opening area in the first direction exceeds the projection of the connecting member in the first direction, the The width of the second opening area in the third direction is greater than the width of the first opening area in the third direction; the first direction, the second direction and the third direction are perpendicular to each other.
  • the width in the third direction of the second opening area that is not blocked by the connector is greater than the width of the first opening area that is at least partially blocked by the connector in the third direction.
  • the end cap assembly further includes a cover for covering the pressure relief mechanism; a side of the end cover close to the connecting piece is provided with a first accommodating groove for accommodating the cover .
  • the cover can cover the pressure relief mechanism, which has a good protective effect on the pressure relief mechanism.
  • a first accommodating groove is provided on the side of the end cover close to the connecting piece, and the cover can be accommodated in the first accommodating groove, so as to reduce the external space of the end cover occupied by the cover.
  • the cover member is provided with a first through hole.
  • the cover member is provided with a first through hole, and the first through hole plays a role of balancing pressure to balance the pressure in the area between the cover member and the pressure relief mechanism and the external pressure.
  • the first electrode terminal and the second electrode terminal have the same polarity.
  • the polarity of the first electrode terminal and the second electrode terminal are the same, that is, the connector is connected to the two electrode terminals with the same polarity, and the connector plays the role of collecting electric energy, which can increase the battery cell and the bus current.
  • the connection area of the component is the same.
  • the end cap assembly further includes a current collector configured to connect the first electrode terminal, the second electrode terminal and the electrode assembly of the battery cell; the current collector is on the A discharge channel is provided; the discharge generated by the thermal runaway of the battery cell can be discharged to the outside of the battery cell through the discharge channel and the pressure relief mechanism in turn, so as to relieve the internal pressure of the battery cell .
  • the current collector is provided with a discharge channel.
  • the discharge inside the battery cell can be discharged to the outside of the battery cell through the discharge channel and the pressure relief mechanism in turn to ensure that the thermal runaway of the battery cell is generated.
  • the discharge can be discharged in time to achieve the purpose of releasing the internal pressure of the battery cell.
  • the current collector includes a plurality of folded parts, a crease is formed between every two adjacent folded parts, and each of the folded parts is provided with a second through hole, and a plurality of the folded parts are provided with a second through hole.
  • the second through holes collectively form the discharge channel.
  • the current collector is a folded structure including a plurality of folded parts, which facilitates the arrangement of the current collector between the end cap and the electrode assembly and reduces the space occupied by the current collector.
  • Each folded portion is provided with a second through hole, and when the current collector is in a folded state, a plurality of second through holes can jointly form a discharge channel.
  • the projection of the plurality of second through holes in the first direction at least partially coincides with the projection of the pressure relief mechanism in the first direction.
  • the projection of the plurality of second through holes in the second direction and the projection of the pressure relief structure in the first direction at least partially overlap, which reduces the blocking effect of the current collector on the discharge and improves the discharge of the discharge.
  • the smoothness of the discharge process of the channel and the pressure relief mechanism allows the discharge to be more easily discharged to the outside of the battery cells.
  • the projection of the plurality of second through holes in the first direction at least partially coincides with the projection of the central hole of the electrode assembly in the first direction.
  • the projection of the plurality of second through holes in the first direction is at least partially coincident with the projection of the central hole of the electrode assembly in the first direction, so that the discharge channel and the central hole of the electrode assembly together form a straight channel, which can balance the electrode assembly.
  • the pressure of the assembly on both sides of the axial direction of the central hole reduces the risk of damage to the pressure relief mechanism due to excessive pressure on the side of the electrode assembly close to the end cap.
  • At least one part of the folding portion where the second through hole is provided is provided with a flow guiding protrusion on at least one side in the extending direction of the fold.
  • the flow guiding protrusions are arranged on the folded portion to increase the flow area of the portion where the second through hole is arranged on the folded portion.
  • the plurality of folded parts include a first folded part, a second folded part and a third folded part connected in sequence; the first folded part is configured to be connected with the first electrode terminal and the The second electrode terminal is electrically connected; the third folded portion is used for electrical connection with the electrode assembly; in the extending direction of the fold, the widths of the first folded portion and the third folded portion are both greater than The width of the second folded portion; wherein, at least one side of the portion where the second through hole is provided on the second folded portion in the extending direction of the fold is provided with a flow guiding protrusion.
  • the widths of the first folded portion and the third folded portion are both greater than the width of the second folded portion, so as to ensure that the first folded portion is easier to connect the first electrode terminal and the second electrode terminal, and the third folded portion is easier to connect.
  • the width of the second folded part is relatively small, which saves the material of the current collector. Disposing the guide protrusion on the second folding part can increase the flow area of the part where the second through hole is arranged on the second folding part.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a battery cell, including a casing, an electrode assembly, and the end cap assembly provided by any embodiment of the first aspect; the casing has an opening; the electrode assembly is accommodated in the casing ; The end cap is used to cover the opening, and the first electrode terminal and the second electrode terminal are configured to be electrically connected with the electrode assembly.
  • the pressure relief mechanism in the battery cell effectively utilizes the space between the first electrode terminal and the second electrode terminal of the end cap, the arrangement of the pressure relief mechanism is more reasonable, and a larger size pressure relief mechanism can be provided. .
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a battery, including a box body and a battery cell provided in any embodiment of the second aspect, wherein the battery cell is accommodated in the box body.
  • an embodiment of the present application is an electrical device, including the battery cell provided by any one of the embodiments of the second aspect.
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides a method for manufacturing a battery cell, including:
  • the pressure relief mechanism is arranged on the end cover, and the pressure relief mechanism is at least partially located between the first electrode terminal and the second electrode terminal, so The pressure relief mechanism is configured to actuate when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell reaches a threshold value to relieve the internal pressure of the battery cell; accommodate the electrode assembly within the housing; The end cap covers the opening; wherein the first electrode terminal and the second electrode terminal are configured to be electrically connected to the electrode assembly.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is an exploded view of a battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the connector and the first electrode terminal and the second electrode terminal provided by some embodiments of the present application;
  • Figure 7 is a top view of the end cap assembly shown in Figure 4.
  • Figure 8 is a top view of the end cap assembly shown in Figure 5;
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of the end cap of the end cap assembly shown in FIG. 5;
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the connection of a cover, a pressure relief mechanism and an end cap provided by some embodiments of the application;
  • FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of an end cap assembly provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 12 is a partial cross-sectional view of a battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a current collector (in an unfolded state) of an end cap assembly provided by some embodiments of the present application;
  • FIG. 14 is a flowchart of a method for manufacturing a battery cell according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • Icon 10-box body; 11-closed space; 12-first part; 13-second part; 20-battery cell; 21-shell; 211-opening; 22-electrode assembly; 221-center hole; 23-end 231-end cap; 2311-first accommodating groove; 2312-discharge hole; 2312a-first hole part; 2312b-second hole part; 2313-second accommodating groove; 232-first electrode terminal; 233- 234-connector; 2341-first conductive segment; 2342-second conductive segment; 2343-insulation segment; 235-pressure relief mechanism; 2351-open area; 2351a-first open area; 2351b-th 236-first insulating part; 2361-groove; 237-cover; 2371-first through hole; 238-current collector; 2381-discharge channel; 2382-folded part; 2382a-first folded part; 2382b - the second folded part; 2382c - the third folded part; 2383 - the crease; 2384 -
  • the terms “installed”, “connected”, “connected” and “attached” should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection, It can also be a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be internal communication between two components.
  • installed should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection, It can also be a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be internal communication between two components.
  • plural refers to two or more (including two).
  • the battery cells may include lithium-ion secondary batteries, lithium-ion primary batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, sodium-lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries, or magnesium-ion batteries, etc., which are not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cell may be in the form of a cylinder, a flat body, a rectangular parallelepiped, or other shapes, which are not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cells are generally divided into three types according to the packaging method: cylindrical battery cells, square-shaped battery cells, and soft-pack battery cells, which are not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery mentioned in the embodiments of the present application refers to a single physical module including one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the batteries mentioned in this application may include battery modules or battery packs, and the like.
  • Batteries typically include a case for enclosing one or more battery cells. The box can prevent liquids or other foreign objects from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells.
  • the battery cell includes an electrode assembly and an electrolyte, and the electrode assembly is composed of a positive electrode sheet, a negative electrode sheet and a separator.
  • the battery cell mainly relies on the movement of metal ions between the positive and negative plates to work.
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer, the positive electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive electrode current collector, and the positive electrode current collector without the positive electrode active material layer protrudes from the positive electrode current collector that has been coated with the positive electrode active material layer. , the positive electrode current collector without the positive electrode active material layer is used as the positive electrode tab.
  • the material of the positive electrode current collector can be aluminum, and the positive electrode active material can be lithium cobalt oxide, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium, or lithium manganate.
  • the negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer, the negative electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the negative electrode current collector, and the negative electrode current collector without the negative electrode active material layer protrudes from the negative electrode current collector that has been coated with the negative electrode active material layer. , the negative electrode current collector without the negative electrode active material layer is used as the negative electrode tab.
  • the material of the negative electrode current collector can be copper, and the negative electrode active material can be carbon or silicon.
  • the number of positive tabs is multiple and stacked together, and the number of negative tabs is multiple and stacked together.
  • the material of the separator can be PP (polypropylene, polypropylene) or PE (polyethylene, polyethylene), and the like.
  • the electrode assembly may be a wound structure or a laminated structure, and the embodiment of the present application is not limited thereto.
  • the protection measures include at least switch elements, selection of appropriate isolation diaphragm materials and pressure relief mechanisms.
  • the switching element refers to an element that can stop the charging or discharging of the battery when the temperature or resistance in the battery cell reaches a certain threshold.
  • the separator is used to separate the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet. When the temperature rises to a certain value, the micro-scale (or even nano-scale) micropores attached to it can be automatically dissolved, so that the metal ions cannot pass through the separator and terminate the battery. Internal reactions of monomers.
  • the pressure relief mechanism refers to an element or component that is actuated to relieve the internal pressure or temperature when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell reaches a predetermined threshold.
  • the threshold design varies according to different design requirements.
  • the threshold value may depend on the materials of one or more of the positive electrode sheet, the negative electrode sheet, the electrolyte and the separator in the battery cell.
  • the pressure relief mechanism can take the form of an explosion-proof valve, an explosion-proof disc, a gas valve, a pressure relief valve or a safety valve, etc., and can specifically adopt a pressure-sensitive or temperature-sensitive element or structure, that is, when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell When the predetermined threshold is reached, the pressure relief mechanism performs an action or the weak structure provided in the pressure relief mechanism is destroyed, thereby forming an opening or a channel for releasing the internal pressure or temperature.
  • the "actuation" mentioned in this application means that the pressure relief mechanism is actuated or activated to a certain state, so that the internal pressure and temperature of the battery cell can be released.
  • Actions produced by the pressure relief mechanism may include, but are not limited to, at least a portion of the pressure relief mechanism being ruptured, shattered, torn or opened, and the like.
  • the emissions from the battery cells mentioned in this application include but are not limited to: electrolyte, dissolved or split positive and negative plates, fragments of separators, high temperature and high pressure gas generated by the reaction, flames, and the like.
  • the pressure relief mechanism on the battery cell has an important impact on the safety of the battery. For example, when a short circuit, overcharge, etc. occurs, it may cause thermal runaway inside the battery cell, resulting in a sudden rise in pressure or temperature. In this case, the internal pressure and temperature can be released through the actuation of the pressure relief mechanism to prevent the battery cells from exploding and catching fire.
  • the pressure relief mechanism is generally arranged in the hole on the electrode terminal, the size of the pressure relief mechanism is limited by the size of the electrode terminal, the arrangement of the pressure relief mechanism is unreasonable, and cannot be arranged in the battery cell.
  • the large-sized pressure relief mechanism results in poor pressure relief capability of the pressure relief mechanism.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide a technical solution, by arranging at least a part of the pressure relief mechanism between the first electrode terminal and the second electrode terminal, so as to effectively utilize the end cap between the first electrode terminal and the second electrode terminal In the space between, a larger size pressure relief mechanism can be set to improve the pressure relief capability of the pressure relief mechanism.
  • Electrical equipment can be vehicles, mobile phones, portable devices, notebook computers, ships, spacecraft, electric toys and power tools, and so on.
  • Vehicles can be fuel vehicles, gas vehicles or new energy vehicles, and new energy vehicles can be pure electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles or extended-range vehicles, etc.
  • spacecraft include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, spacecraft, etc.
  • electric toys include fixed Electric toys that are portable or mobile, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric ship toys and electric airplane toys, etc.
  • electric tools include metal cutting power tools, grinding power tools, assembling power tools and railway power tools, such as, Electric drills, electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, electric impact drills, concrete vibrators and electric planers, etc.
  • the embodiments of the present application do not impose special restrictions on the above-mentioned electrical equipment.
  • the electric device is a vehicle as an example for description.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle 1000 according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • the interior of the vehicle 1000 is provided with the battery 100 , and the battery 100 may be provided at the bottom or the head or the rear of the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 may be used for power supply of the vehicle 1000 , for example, the battery 100 may be used as an operating power source of the vehicle 1000 .
  • the vehicle 1000 may also include a controller 200 and a motor 300 for controlling the battery 100 to supply power to the motor 300 , eg, for starting, navigating, and running the vehicle 1000 for work power requirements.
  • the battery 100 can not only be used as the operating power source of the vehicle 1000 , but also can be used as the driving power source of the vehicle 1000 to provide driving power for the vehicle 1000 instead or partially instead of fuel or natural gas.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery 100 according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery 100 includes a case 10 and a battery cell 20 , and the battery cell 20 is accommodated in the case 10 .
  • the box 10 is used to provide a closed space 11 for the battery cells 20 .
  • the case 10 may include a first part 12 and a second part 13 , and the first part 12 and the second part 13 are covered with each other to define a closed space 11 for accommodating the battery cells 20 .
  • the connection between the first part 12 and the second part 13 may be sealed by a sealing member (not shown in the figure), and the sealing member may be a sealing ring, a sealant or the like.
  • the first part 12 and the second part 13 may have various shapes, such as a rectangular parallelepiped, a cylinder, and the like.
  • the first part 12 can be a hollow structure with one side open, and the second part 13 can also be a hollow structure with one side open. Box 10.
  • the first part 12 can also be a hollow structure with one side open, the second part 13 is a plate-like structure, and the second part 13 is covered with the opening side of the first part 12 to form a closed space 11 of the case 10.
  • the battery 100 there may be one battery cell 20 or a plurality of battery cells 20 . If there are a plurality of battery cells 20, the plurality of battery cells 20 may be connected in series or in parallel or in a mixed connection.
  • a mixed connection means that the plurality of battery cells 20 are both connected in series and in parallel.
  • the plurality of battery cells 20 can be directly connected in series or in parallel or mixed together, and then the whole formed by the plurality of battery cells 20 is accommodated in the box 10; of course, the plurality of battery cells 20 can also be connected in series first.
  • a battery module is formed in parallel or in a mixed connection, and a plurality of battery modules are connected in series or in parallel or in a mixed connection to form a whole, and are accommodated in the box 10 .
  • the battery cells 20 may be cylindrical, flat, rectangular, or other shapes.
  • FIG. 2 exemplarily shows the case where the battery cells 20 are cylindrical.
  • the battery 100 may further include a bus component (not shown in the figure), and the plurality of battery cells 20 may be electrically connected through the bus component, so as to realize the series or parallel or hybrid connection of the plurality of battery cells 20 . link.
  • FIG. 3 is an exploded view of a battery cell 20 according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cell 20 may include a housing 21 , an electrode assembly 22 and an end cap assembly 23 .
  • the casing 21 has an opening 211 , the electrode assembly 22 is accommodated in the casing 21 , and the end cap assembly 23 is used to cover the opening 211 .
  • the housing 21 may have various shapes, such as a cylinder, a rectangular parallelepiped, and the like.
  • the shape of the housing 21 may be determined according to the specific shape of the electrode assembly 22 .
  • the casing 21 can be selected as a cylindrical structure; if the electrode assembly 22 is a rectangular parallelepiped structure, the casing 21 can be selected as a cuboid structure.
  • FIG. 3 exemplarily shows the case where the casing 21 and the electrode assembly 22 are cylindrical.
  • the material of the casing 21 may also be various, for example, copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, etc., which is not particularly limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the electrode assembly 22 may include a positive electrode sheet (not shown), a negative electrode sheet (not shown), and a separator (not shown).
  • the electrode assembly 22 may be a rolled structure formed by winding a positive electrode sheet, a separator and a negative electrode sheet, or a laminated structure formed by a stacked arrangement of a positive electrode sheet, a separator film and a negative electrode sheet.
  • the electrode assembly 22 also includes a positive electrode tab (not shown in the figure) and a negative electrode tab (not shown in the figure), which can be a positive electrode current collector that is not coated with a positive electrode active material layer in the positive electrode sheet, and can be a negative electrode sheet.
  • the negative electrode current collector without the negative electrode active material layer is used as the negative electrode tab.
  • the end cap assembly 23 is used to cover the opening 211 of the casing 21 to form a closed accommodating space (not shown in the figure), and the accommodating space is used to accommodate the electrode assembly 22 .
  • the accommodation space is also used to accommodate electrolytes, such as electrolytes.
  • the end cap assembly 23 is used as a component for outputting the electrical energy of the electrode assembly 22.
  • the electrode terminals in the end cap assembly 23 are used for electrical connection with the electrode assembly 22, that is, the electrode terminals are electrically connected with the tabs of the electrode assembly 22.
  • the ears are connected by current collectors 238 (see FIG. 11 ) to enable electrical connection of the electrode terminals to the tabs.
  • the number of openings 211 of the housing 21 may be one or two. If there is one opening 211 of the casing 21 , the end cap assembly 23 may also be one, and two electrode terminals may be provided in the end cap assembly 23 , and the two electrode terminals are respectively used to electrically connect to the positive electrode tab and the negative electrode tab of the electrode assembly 22 . For connection, the two electrode terminals in the end cap assembly 23 are respectively a positive electrode terminal and a negative electrode terminal. As shown in FIG. 3 , if the housing 21 has two openings 211 , for example, the two openings 211 are disposed on opposite sides of the housing 21 , the number of end cap assemblies 23 may also be two, and the two end cap assemblies 23 are covered respectively.
  • the electrode terminal in one end cap assembly 23 may be a positive electrode terminal for electrically connecting with the positive electrode tab of the electrode assembly 22; the electrode terminal in the other end cap assembly 23 may be a negative electrode terminal, It is used for electrical connection with the negative electrode sheet of the electrode assembly 22 .
  • the battery cell 20 may further include a protection member 25 fixed on the tab (not shown in the figure), and the protection member 25 is used for insulating and isolating the tab and the housing 21 .
  • One protector 25 keeps the positive tab of the electrode assembly 22 out of contact with the housing 21
  • the other protector 25 keeps the negative tab of the electrode assembly 22 out of contact with the housing.
  • the protection member 25 is an adhesive tape adhered to the tabs.
  • FIG. 4 is an exploded view of the end cap assembly 23 provided by some embodiments of the application
  • FIG. 5 is an exploded view of the end cap assembly 23 provided by some other embodiments of the application.
  • the end cap assembly 23 may It includes an end cap 231 , a first electrode terminal 232 , a second electrode terminal 233 , a connector 234 and a pressure relief mechanism 235 .
  • the first electrode terminal 232 is mounted on the end cover 231 ; the second electrode terminal 233 is mounted on the end cover 231 , and the connecting member 234 is used for connecting the first electrode terminal 232 and the second electrode terminal 233 .
  • the connecting piece 234 is located on the side of the end cap 231 in the first direction Z away from the interior of the battery cell 20 (see FIG. 3 ).
  • the pressure relief mechanism 235 is disposed on the end cap 231 , and the pressure relief mechanism 235 is at least partially located between the first electrode terminal 232 and the second electrode terminal 233 , and the pressure relief mechanism 235 is configured so that the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 20 reaches a threshold value. is actuated to relieve the pressure inside the battery cells 20 .
  • the pressure relief mechanism 235 in the end cover assembly 23 of the above structure effectively utilizes the space between the first electrode terminal 232 and the second electrode terminal 233 of the end cover 231 , the arrangement of the pressure relief mechanism 235 is more reasonable, and more Large-sized pressure relief mechanism 235 to improve the pressure relief capability of the pressure relief mechanism.
  • the end cap 231 in the end cap assembly 23 is used to cover the opening 211 of the housing 21 (see FIG. 3 ).
  • the end cap 231 can be in various shapes, such as circular, rectangular, and the like.
  • the shape of the end cap 231 depends on the shape of the casing 21 . If the casing 21 is a cylindrical structure, the circular end cap 231 can be selected; if the casing 21 is a rectangular parallelepiped structure, the circular end cap 231 can be selected. 4 and 5 exemplarily show the case where the end cap 231 is circular.
  • the first direction Z mentioned in the embodiment of the present application is the thickness direction of the end cap 231 . If the end cap 231 is a circular structure, the first direction Z is also the axial direction of the end cap 231 .
  • first electrode terminal 232 and the second electrode terminal 233 of the end cap assembly 23 may be the same or different.
  • the polarities of the first electrode terminal 232 and the second electrode terminal 233 are the same, and the connecting member 234 is connected to the two electrode terminals with the same polarity.
  • the first electrode terminal 232 and the second electrode terminal 233 can both be positive electrode terminals for electrically connecting with the positive electrode tabs of the electrode assembly 22; the first electrode terminal 232 and the second electrode terminal 233 can also be negative electrode terminals. For electrical connection with the negative tab of the electrode assembly 22 .
  • the electrode terminal in one end cap assembly 23 is a positive electrode terminal
  • the electrode terminal in the other end cap assembly 23 is a negative electrode terminal.
  • the structures of the two end cap assemblies 23 may be the same or different.
  • one end cap assembly 23 is provided with a pressure relief mechanism 235 while the other end cap assembly 23 is not provided with a pressure relief mechanism 235 .
  • the connecting member 234 may be a conductor connecting the first electrode terminal 232 and the second electrode terminal 233 such that the first electrode terminal 232 and the second electrode terminal 232
  • the terminals 233 are bussed to the connector 234 .
  • the busbar may be connected to the connector 234 , for example, the busbar and the connector 234 are welded.
  • the polarities of the first electrode terminal 232 and the second electrode terminal 233 are opposite, and one of the first electrode terminal 232 and the second electrode terminal 233 is a positive electrode terminal for connecting with the positive electrode of the electrode assembly 22
  • the tab is electrically connected, and the other is a negative electrode terminal, which is used for electrical connection with the negative tab of the electrode assembly 22 .
  • the number of end cap assemblies 23 in the battery cell 20 may be one.
  • the connecting member 234 is connected between the first electrode terminal 232 and the second electrode terminal 233 to fix the first electrode terminal 232 and the second electrode terminal 233 The role of the electrode terminal 233 .
  • FIG. 6 shows the connector 234 and the first electrode terminal provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • 232 and the second electrode terminal 233 are connected to the structure diagram
  • the connector 234 is a multi-segment structure
  • the connector 234 includes a first conductive segment 2341, a second conductive segment 2342 and an insulating segment 2343, the first conductive segment 2341 and the second conductive segment 2342
  • the first conductive segment 2341 and the second conductive segment 2342 are isolated by connecting through the insulating segment 2343 .
  • the first conductive segment 2341 is connected to the first electrode terminal 232
  • the second conductive segment 2342 is connected to the second electrode terminal 233 .
  • the first conductive segment 2341 is used for connecting and fixing with one bus component (not shown in the figure), and the second conducting segment 2342 is used for connecting and fixing with another bus component.
  • FIG. 7 is a top view of the end cap assembly 23 shown in FIG. 4
  • FIG. 8 is a top view of the end cap assembly 23 shown in FIG. 5 ;
  • the projection in the direction Z covers at least a portion of the pressure relief mechanism 235 , that is, in the first direction Z, at least a portion of the pressure relief mechanism 235 is blocked by the connector 234 , so that the pressure relief mechanism 235
  • the space occupied by the connector 234 on the end cover 231 is effectively utilized, and the space on the end cover 231 is more reasonably utilized.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 235 can be of various structures.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 235 can be an explosion-proof valve, an explosion-proof disc, an air valve, a pressure relief valve or a safety valve.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 235 can also be a weak part on the end cover 231 .
  • the actuation of the pressure relief mechanism 235 may be that a part of the pressure relief mechanism 235 is destroyed, for example, the pressure relief mechanism 235 is a rupture disk, and a part of the rupture disk is destroyed under the action of the pressure inside the battery cell 20; the pressure relief mechanism 235
  • the actuation can also be that a part of the pressure relief mechanism 235 is opened, for example, the pressure relief mechanism 235 is a pressure relief valve, and the relief hole of the pressure relief valve is opened.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 235 includes an opening region 2351 configured to relieve the pressure inside the battery cell 20 from the opening region 2351 when the pressure or temperature inside the battery cell 20 reaches a threshold value.
  • the projection of the connecting member 234 on the first direction Z covers a part of the opening area 2351 , and the projection of the opening area 2351 on the first direction Z exceeds the projection of the connecting member 234 on the first direction Z. That is, at least a part of the opening area 2351 is not covered by the connecting member 234 , so that the process of releasing the pressure inside the battery cell 20 through the opening area 2351 is smoother.
  • the opening area 2351 is the part that is opened when the pressure relief mechanism 235 is actuated.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 235 is the weak part of the end cover 231, and the opening area 2351 is the weak part;
  • the pressure relief mechanism 235 is a pressure relief valve, and the open area 2351 is the pressure relief hole of the pressure relief valve;
  • the pressure relief mechanism 235 is an explosion-proof disc, and the opening area 2351 is the damaged part of the explosion-proof disc.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 235 is a rupture disk
  • the end cover 231 is provided with a discharge hole 2312
  • the rupture disk is fixed to the end cover 231 and blocks the discharge hole 2312 .
  • the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 20 reaches a threshold value
  • the area of the rupture disk located within the range of the discharge hole 2312 is destroyed, and the discharge inside the battery 100 can be discharged through the discharge hole 2312 of the end cap 231 to discharge the battery cell pressure inside the body 20 .
  • the region where the explosion-proof valve is located within the range defined by the hole wall of the discharge hole 2312 is the opening region 2351 .
  • the pressure relief mechanism 235 mentioned below is taken as an example of a rupture disk
  • the opening area 2351 of the pressure relief mechanism 235 is taken as an example of the opening area 2351 of the rupture disk.
  • the end cap 231 is circular, and the discharge hole 2312 is disposed at the center of the end cap 231 .
  • the opening area 2351 extends along the second direction X
  • the connecting member 234 extends along the third direction Y; the first direction Z, the second direction X and the third direction Y are perpendicular to each other. This structure makes the area of the opening area 2351 blocked by the connecting member 234 smaller, and further improves the smoothness in the process of releasing the pressure inside the battery cell 20 through the opening area 2351 .
  • the extending direction (second direction X) of the opening area 2351 is the extending direction of the discharge hole 2312 .
  • the width of the discharge hole 2312 on the end cover 231 in the third direction Y remains substantially unchanged in the second direction X.
  • the discharge hole 2312 is a bar-shaped hole .
  • the connecting piece 234 is a block-shaped piece extending along the third direction Y.
  • the first electrode terminals 232 and the second electrode terminals 233 are spaced apart along the third direction Y, and are located on both sides of the discharge hole 2312 in the third direction Y, respectively.
  • the opening area 2351 includes a first opening area 2351a and a second opening area 2351b, and the second opening area 2351b is disposed at at least one end of the first opening area 2351a in the second direction X.
  • the projection of the connecting piece 234 in the first direction Z covers at least a part of the first opening area 2351a , that is, in the first direction Z, at least a part of the first opening area 2351a is blocked by the connecting piece 234 .
  • the projection of the second opening area 2351b in the first direction Z exceeds the projection of the connecting member 234 in the first direction Z, that is, in the second direction X, at least a part of the second opening area 2351b is not blocked by the connecting member 234 .
  • the width of the second opening region 2351b in the third direction Y is greater than the width of the first opening region 2351a in the third direction Y.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of the end cap 231 of the end cap assembly 23 shown in FIG. 5.
  • the discharge hole 2312 includes a first hole portion 2312a and a second hole portion 2312b that communicate with each other, and the second hole portion 2312b is provided At least one end of the first hole portion 2312a in the second direction X, the first hole portion 2312a corresponds to the first opening area 2351a (see FIG. 8 ), and the second hole portion 2312b corresponds to the second opening area 2351b (see FIG. 8 ). )Corresponding.
  • both ends of the first opening region 2351a are provided with second opening regions 2351b.
  • both ends of the first opening area 2351a extend beyond both sides of the connector 234, so that the projection of the connector 234 in the first direction Z only covers a part of the first opening area 2351a, that is, , the connecting member 234 only covers a part of the first opening area 2351a in the first direction Z.
  • both ends of the first hole portion 2312a are provided with a second hole portion 2312b.
  • the second opening area 2351b may have various shapes, such as circular, rectangular or oval.
  • FIG. 8 exemplarily shows the case where the second opening area 2351b is oval.
  • the projection of the connecting member 234 in the first direction Z can cover at least a part of the pressure relief mechanism 235 to effectively utilize the space occupied by the connecting member 234 on the end cap 231 .
  • the projection of the connecting member 234 in the first direction Z may also not cover the pressure relief mechanism 235 , that is, in the first direction Z, the pressure relief mechanism 235 is not blocked by the connecting member 234 .
  • the connecting piece 234 may be an arc-shaped structure, two ends of the connecting piece 234 are respectively connected 233 to the first electrode terminal 232 and the second electrode terminal, and the axis of the arc where the connecting piece 234 is located is along the The first direction Z is arranged.
  • the end cap assembly 23 may further include a first insulating member 236 , and at least a part of the first insulating member 236 is disposed between the connecting member 234 and the end cap 231 to isolate the end caps 231 .
  • Cover 231 and connector 234 are examples of the first insulating member 236 .
  • the first insulating member 236 plays an insulating role, and the first insulating member 236 is an insulating material, which can be made of rubber, plastic, etc.
  • the plastic can be PBT (Polybutylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate), PET (Polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene terephthalate), PA (Polyamide, polyamide), etc.
  • a groove 2361 is provided on the side of the first insulating member 236 away from the end cap 231 , and the connecting member 234 is disposed in the groove 2361 to increase the creepage distance between the first insulating member 236 and the end cap 231 .
  • the projection of the first insulating member 236 in the first direction Z may cover a part of the opening area 2351 of the pressure relief mechanism 235, and the opening area The projection of 2351 in the first direction Z exceeds the projection of the first insulating member 236 in the first direction Z, that is, the first pressure relief mechanism 235 is not completely shielded by the first insulating member 236 in the first direction Z.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the connection of the cover member 237 , the pressure relief mechanism 235 and the end cap 231 according to some embodiments of the application.
  • the end cap assembly 23 may further include a pressure relief mechanism for covering the pressure relief mechanism.
  • a first accommodating groove 2311 for accommodating the cover 237 is provided on the side of the end cover 231 close to the connecting piece 234 , so as to reduce the external space of the end cover 231 occupied by the cover 237 .
  • the cover member 237 and the pressure relief mechanism 235 are respectively blocked at both ends of the discharge hole 2312, so that the cover member 237 covers the pressure relief mechanism 235, and the cover member 237 plays a good role in protecting the pressure relief mechanism 235.
  • the risk of foreign matter entering the discharge hole 2312 to contaminate and damage the pressure relief mechanism 235 is reduced.
  • the cover 237 may be separated from the end cover 231, or the cover 237 may be damaged, so as to ensure that the battery cell is released before the battery cell is released.
  • the smoothness of the process of the pressure inside the body 20 is not limited to, but not limited to, but not limited to, but not limited to, but not limited to, but not limited to, but not limited to, but not limited to, but not limited to, but not limited to, but not limited to, but not limited to the cover 237, the cover 237 may be separated from the end cover 231, or the cover 237 may be damaged, so as to ensure that the battery cell is released before the battery cell is released.
  • the smoothness of the process of the pressure inside the body 20 is not limited to, the cover 237 may be damaged, so as to ensure that the battery cell is released before the battery cell is released.
  • the cover member 237 is a sheet-like structure, and the cover member 237 can be fixed to the end cap 231 by means of bonding.
  • the cover member 237 is provided with a first through hole 2371, and the first through hole 2371 functions to balance the pressure, so as to balance the pressure in the area between the cover member 237 and the pressure relief mechanism 235 and the external pressure,
  • the reduction is that the area between the cover 237 and the pressure relief mechanism 235 (the inner area of the discharge hole 2312 ) is too large, causing the cover to disengage from the end cap 231 or be damaged before the pressure relief mechanism 235 is actuated.
  • the cover 237 is a sheet-like structure, the depth of the first accommodating groove 2311 is greater than the thickness of the cover 237, after the cover 237 is accommodated in the first accommodating groove 2311 on the end cover 231, the cover 237 and There is a gap between the first insulating members 236 to reduce the risk of the first through hole 2371 being blocked by the first insulating member 236 .
  • a side of the end cap 231 away from the connector 234 may be provided with a second accommodating groove 2313 for accommodating the pressure relief mechanism 235 , so as to reduce the external space of the end cap 231 occupied by the pressure relief mechanism 235 .
  • the end cap assembly 23 may further include a current collector 238 configured to connect the first electrode terminal 232 , the second electrode terminal 233 and the battery cells 20 .
  • Electrode assembly 22 (see Figure 3).
  • the end cap The assembly 23 may include a current collector 238, one end of the current collector 238 is connected to the first electrode terminal 232 and the second electrode terminal 233, and the other end of the current collector 238 is connected to the negative electrode tab of the electrode assembly 22;
  • the polarities of the first electrode terminal 232 and the second electrode terminal 233 are opposite.
  • the end cap assembly 23 may include two current collectors 238, one end of a current collector 238 is connected to the first electrode terminal 232, the other end of the current collector 238 is connected to the positive electrode tab of the electrode assembly 22, and one end of the other current collector 238 is connected to the second electrode terminal 233, and the current collector 238 is connected to the second electrode terminal 233.
  • the other end of the fluid 238 is connected to the negative tab of the electrode assembly 22 .
  • 4 and 5 exemplarily show the case where the polarities of the first electrode terminal 232 and the second electrode terminal 233 are the same.
  • the end cap assembly 23 may further include a second insulating member 239 , and at least a part of the second insulating member 239 is disposed between the end cap 231 and the current collector 238 to isolate the end cap 231 and the current collector 238 .
  • the second insulating member 239 plays an insulating role, and the second insulating member 239 is an insulating material, which can be made of rubber, plastic, etc.
  • the plastic can be PBT (Polybutylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate), PET (Polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene terephthalate), PA (Polyamide, polyamide), etc.
  • FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the end cap assembly 23 provided in some embodiments of the present application. Taking the first electrode terminal 232 and the second electrode terminal 233 having the same polarity as an example, the connecting member 234 , the first insulating member 236 , the end cap 231 , the second insulating member 239 and the current collector 238 are riveted together through the first electrode terminal 232 and the second electrode terminal 233 .
  • the connecting member 234 , the first insulating member 236 , the end cap 231 , the second insulating member 239 and the current collector 238 are all provided with the first electrode terminal 232 and the second electrode terminal 233 Riveting holes 240 through.
  • the end cap assembly 23 may further include a sealing ring 241 , and a sealing ring 241 is provided between the first electrode terminal 232 and the end cap 231 and between the second electrode terminal 233 and the end cap 231 to seal the ends The riveting hole 240 on the cover 231.
  • a discharge channel 2381 is provided on the current collector 238 .
  • the emissions generated by the thermal runaway of the battery cells 20 can be discharged to the outside of the battery cells 20 through the discharge channel 2381 and the pressure relief mechanism 235 in sequence, so as to relieve the internal pressure of the battery cells 20 . That is to say, when the battery cells 20 are thermally out of control, the emissions inside the battery cells 20 can be discharged to the outside of the battery cells 20 through the discharge channel 2381 and the pressure relief mechanism 235 in sequence, so as to ensure the emissions generated by the thermal runaway of the battery cells 20 It can be discharged in time to achieve the purpose of releasing the internal pressure of the battery cells 20 .
  • the emissions generated by the thermal runaway of the battery cells 20 can be discharged to the outside of the battery cells 20 through the discharge channel 2381 and the pressure relief mechanism 235 in sequence. It is not limited here that the emissions generated by the thermal runaway of the battery cells 20 can only be It is discharged to the outside of the battery cell 20 through the discharge channel 2381 and the pressure relief mechanism 235 in sequence, and the discharge can also be discharged to the outside of the battery cell 20 through other paths. For example, part of the discharge is directly discharged to the battery cell 20 through the pressure relief mechanism 235 outside.
  • the current collector 238 includes a plurality of folded parts 2382 , a crease 2383 is formed between every two adjacent folded parts 2382 , and each folded part 2382 is provided with a second channel.
  • the hole 2384 and the plurality of second through holes 2384 together form the discharge channel 2381 .
  • the current collector 238 has a folded structure, which facilitates the arrangement of the current collector 238 between the end cap 231 and the electrode assembly 22 and reduces the space occupied by the current collector 238 .
  • the current collector 238 has a folded state (refer to FIG. 5 ) and an unfolded state (refer to FIG. 4 ). In the folded state, the plurality of second through holes 2384 can collectively form the discharge channel 2381 .
  • the discharge channel 2381 may also be of other structures.
  • the current collector 238 is a non-folded sheet-like structure, and the current collector 238 is laid flat. In this case, the discharge channel 2381 may be on the current collector 238. A hole or gap.
  • the projection of the plurality of second through holes 2384 in the first direction Z at least partially coincides with the projection of the pressure relief mechanism 235 in the first direction Z, that is, the plurality of first through holes 2371 in the first direction Z is substantially aligned with the pressure relief mechanism 235 .
  • This structure reduces the blocking effect of the current collector 238 on the discharge in the battery cell 20, improves the smoothness of the discharge process of the discharge through the discharge channel 2381 and the pressure relief mechanism 235, and makes the discharge more easily It is discharged to the outside of the battery cells 20 .
  • the plurality of second through holes 2384 are substantially aligned with the opening area 2351 (see FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 ) of the pressure relief mechanism 235 in the first direction Z.
  • One direction Z is aligned with the discharge hole 2312 on the end cap 231 .
  • the second insulating member 239 is provided with a third through hole 2391 , and the third through hole 2391 may be one or multiple.
  • at least one vent is substantially aligned with the discharge channel 2381 and the pressure relief mechanism 235 , reducing the blocking effect of the second insulating member 239 on the discharge in the battery cell 20 , so that the discharge can pass through the discharge channel 2381 smoothly.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 235 is reached.
  • FIG. 12 is a partial cross-sectional view of a battery cell 20 provided by some embodiments of the present application, and the projection of the plurality of second through holes 2384 in the first direction Z corresponds to the center of the electrode assembly 22
  • the projections of the holes 221 in the first direction Z are at least partially coincident, that is, the plurality of second through holes 2384 are substantially aligned with the central hole 221 of the electrode assembly 22 in the first direction Z.
  • This structure makes the discharge channel 2381 and the central hole 221 of the electrode assembly 22 together form a straight channel, which can balance the pressure of the electrode assembly 22 on both sides of the central hole 221 in the axial direction, and reduce the pressure caused by the electrode assembly 22 on the side close to the end cap 231.
  • the pressure is too high and there is a risk that the pressure relief mechanism 235 will be damaged.
  • the electrode assembly 22 when the battery cell 20 is dropped, the electrode assembly 22 will be displaced relative to the end cap 231 under the action of inertia, the space between the electrode assembly 22 and the end cap 231 is compressed, and the space between the electrode assembly 22 and the end cap 231 is compressed.
  • the pressure in the region increases, and since the discharge channel 2381 and the central hole 221 of the electrode assembly 22 together form a straight channel, the medium (such as gas) between the electrode assembly 22 and the end cap 231 can enter the electrode through the discharge channel 2381 of the current collector 238
  • the central hole 221 of the assembly 22 finally reaches the side of the electrode assembly 22 away from the end cover 231 , so as to achieve the purpose of balancing the pressure of the electrode assembly 22 on both sides in the axial direction of the central hole 221 .
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of the current collector 238 (in an unfolded state) of the end cap assembly 23 provided in some embodiments of the present application. At least one folded portion 2382 of the current collector 238 is provided with a second At least one side of the through hole 2384 in the extending direction of the crease 2383 is provided with a flow guiding protrusion 2385 to increase the flow area of the second through hole 2384 of the folded part 2382 .
  • the folds 2382 in the current collector 238 may be two, three, four, etc.
  • the current collector 238 includes a first fold 2382a, a second fold 2382b, and a third fold 2382c, the first fold 2382a, the second fold 2382b, and the third fold 2382c are sequentially connected, and the first folded portion 2382a is used for electrical connection with the first electrode terminal 232 (see FIG. 11 ) and the second electrode terminal 233 (see FIG. 11 ).
  • the third folded portion 2382c is used for electrical connection with the electrode assembly 22 (see FIG. 12 ).
  • the widths of the first folded portion 2382a and the third folded portion 2382c are both greater than the width of the second folded portion 2382b. This structure ensures the first The first folded portion 2382a is easier to connect the first electrode terminal 232 and the second electrode terminal 233, and the third folded portion 2382c is easier to connect to the electrode assembly 22, while making the width of the second folded portion 2382b relatively small, saving the current collector 238 s material.
  • a guide protrusion 2385 is provided on at least one side of the portion of the second folded portion 2382b where the second through hole 2384 is arranged in the extending direction of the crease 2383, so as to increase the size of the second folded portion 2382b to set the first The flow area of the location of the two through holes 2384 .
  • the portion where the second through hole 2384 is provided on the second folded portion 2382b is provided with a guide protrusion 2385 on both sides in the extending direction of the crease 2383 .
  • FIG. 14 is a flowchart of a method for manufacturing a battery cell 20 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the manufacturing method for the battery cell 20 includes:
  • the end cap assembly 23 includes an end cap 231, a first electrode terminal 232, a second electrode terminal 233, a connector 234 and a pressure relief mechanism 235, the first electrode terminal 232 is mounted on the end cap 231, The second electrode terminal 233 is mounted on the end cover 231 , the connecting piece 234 is used for connecting the first electrode terminal 232 and the second electrode terminal 233 , and the connecting piece 234 is located at a part of the end cover 231 away from the interior of the battery cell 20 in the first direction Z.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 235 is provided on the end cap 231 , the pressure relief mechanism 235 is at least partially located between the first electrode terminal 232 and the second electrode terminal 233 , and the pressure relief mechanism 235 is configured to reduce the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 20 Activate to relieve the pressure inside the battery cells 20 when the threshold is reached;
  • the first electrode terminal 232 and the second electrode terminal 233 are configured to be electrically connected to the electrode assembly 22 .
  • step S300 may be performed first, that is, an end cap is provided. component 23, and then perform step S200.

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Abstract

本申请实施例提供了一种端盖组件、电池、用电设备、电池单体及其制造方法，属于电池技术领域。其中，端盖组件包括端盖、第一电极端子、第二电极端子、连接件以及泄压机构。第一电极端子安装于端盖；第二电极端子安装于端盖。连接件用于连接第一电极端子和第二电极端子，连接件位于端盖在第一方向上远离电池单体内部的一侧。泄压机构设置于端盖，泄压机构至少部分位于第一电极端子与第二电极端子之间，泄压机构被配置为在电池单体的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放电池单体的内部的压力。这种结构的端盖组件有效利用端盖在第一电极端子与第二电极端子之间的空间，泄压机构的排布更为合理，可设置更大尺寸的泄压机构。

Description

盖组件、电池、用电设备、电池单体及其制造方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求享有于2020年12月30日提交的名称为“端盖组件、电池、用电设备、电池单体及其制造方法”的中国专利申请202011642712.5的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种端盖组件、电池、用电设备、电池单体及其制造方法。
背景技术
车辆使用较多的电池一般是锂离子电池，锂离子电池作为一种可再充电电池，具有体积小、能量密度高、功率密度高、循环使用次数多和存储时间长等优点。
可再充电电池一般包括外壳、端盖组件和电极组件，端盖组件盖合于外壳上，为电极组件和电解液提供一个密闭的空间，电极组件的电能可通过端盖组件的电极端子引出至外壳外。
为保证电池的安装性，一般在端盖组件中设置泄压机构，电池内部压力或温度达到阈值时，通过泄压机构可泄放电池内部的压力。泄压机构的排布位置直接影响到泄压机构泄放电池内部压力的能力。
因此，如何更为合理的排布泄压机构，是电池技术中一个亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供一种端盖组件、电池、用电设备、电池单体及其制造方法，泄压机构的排布更为合理。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供一种端盖组件，用于电池单体，包括端盖、第一电极端子、第二电极端子、连接件以及泄压机构；所述第一电极端子安装于所述端盖；所述第二电极端子安装于所述端盖：所述连接件用于连接所述第一电极端子和所述第二电极端子，所述连接件位于所述端盖在第一方向上远离所述电池单体内部的一侧；所述泄压机构设置于所述端盖，所述泄压机构至少部分位于所述第一电极端子与所述第二电极端子之间，所述泄压机构被配置为在所述电池单体的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放所述电池单体的内部的压力。
上述方案中，泄压机构设置于端盖上，泄压机构至少部分位于第一电极端子与第二电极端子之间，有效利用端盖在第一电极端子与第二电极端子之间的空间，泄压机构的排布更为合理，可设置更大尺寸的泄压机构。
在一些实施例中，所述连接件在所述第一方向上的投影覆盖所述泄压机构的至少一部分。
上述方案中，连接件在第一方向上的投影覆盖泄压机构的至少一部分，泄压机构有效利用了端盖上被连接件所占用的空间，更为合理的利用了端盖上的空间。
在一些实施例中，所述泄压机构包括开启区，所述泄压机构被配置为在所述电池单体内部压力或温度达到阈值时从所述开启区泄放所述电池单体的内部的压力；所述连接件在所述第一方向上的投影覆盖所述开启区的一部分，所述开启区在第一方向上的投影超出所述连接件在所述第一方向上的投影。
上述方案中，连接件在第一方向上的投影覆盖开启区的一部分，开启区在第一方向上的投影超出连接件在第一方向上的投影，即开启区在第一方向上未被连接件完全遮挡，使得通过开启区泄放电池单体内部的压力的过程中更加顺畅。
在一些实施例中，所述开启区沿所述第二方向延伸，所述连接件沿第三方向延伸；所述第 一方向、第二方向和所述第三方向两两垂直。
上述方案中，开启区的延伸方向、连接件的延伸方向与第一方向三者两两垂直，这种结构使得开启区被连接件遮挡的区域更小，进一步提高通过开启区泄放电池单体内部的压力的过程中的顺畅性。
在一些实施例中，所述开启区包括所述第一开启区域和第二开启区域，所述第二开启区域设置于所述第一开启区域在第二方向上的至少一端；所述连接件在所述第一方向上的投影覆盖所述第一开启区域的至少一部分，所述第二开启区域在第一方向上的投影超出所述连接件在所述第一方向上的投影，所述第二开启区域在第三方向上的宽度大于所述第一开启区域在所述第三方向上的宽度；所述第一方向、所述第二方向和所述第三方向两两垂直。
上述方案中，未被连接件遮挡的第二开启区域在第三方向上的宽度大于至少部分被连接件遮挡的第一开启区域在第三方向上的宽度，这种结构进一步提高通过开启区泄放电池单体内部的压力的过程中的顺畅性。
在一些实施例中，所述端盖组件还包括用于遮盖所述泄压机构的遮盖件；所述端盖靠近所述连接件的一侧设有用于容纳所述遮盖件的第一容纳槽。
上述方案中，遮盖件可遮盖泄压机构，对泄压机构起到很好的保护作用。端盖靠近连接件的一侧设有第一容纳槽，遮盖件可容纳于第一容纳槽内，以减小遮盖件占用端盖的外部空间。
在一些实施例中，所述遮盖件上设有第一通孔。
上述方案中，遮盖件上设有第一通孔，第一通孔起到平衡压力的作用，以平衡遮盖件与泄压机构之间的区域的压力与外界压力。
在一些实施例中，所述第一电极端子与所述第二电极端子极性相同。
上述方案中，第一电极端子与第二电极端子的极性相同，即连接件连接于极性相同的两个电极端子上，连接件起到汇集电能的作用，可增大电池单体与汇流部件的连接面积。
在一些实施例中，所述端盖组件还包括集流体，所述集流体被配置为连接所述第一电极端子、第二电极端子和所述电池单体的电极组件；所述集流体上设置有排放通道；所述电池单体热失控产生的排放物能够依次通过所述排放通道和所述泄压机构排出至所述电池单体外，以泄放所述电池单体的内部的压力。
上述方案中，集流体上设有排放通道，电池单体热失控时，电池单体内部的排放物可依次通过排放通道和泄压机构排出至电池单体外，保证电池单体热失控产生的排放物能够及时排出，以达到泄放电池单体内部压力的目的。
在一些实施例中，所述集流体包括多个折叠部，每相邻的两个所述折叠部之间形成有折痕，每个所述折叠部设置有第二通孔，多个所述第二通孔共同形成所述排放通道。
上述方案中，集流体为包括多个折叠部的折叠结构，便于将集流体布置在端盖与电极组件之间，减小集流体所占用的空间。每个折叠部上设有第二通孔，集流体在折叠状态下，多个第二通孔则可共同形成排放通道。
在一些实施例中，多个所述第二通孔在所述第一方向上的投影与所述泄压机构在所述第一方向上的投影至少一部分重合。
上述方案中，多个第二通孔在第二方向上的投影与泄压结构在第一方向上的投影至少部分重合，减小了集流体对排放物的阻碍作用，提高了排放物经过排放通道和泄压机构向外排放过程的顺畅性，使得排放物能够更容易地排出至电池单体外。
在一些实施例中，多个所述第二通孔在所述第一方向上的投影与所述电极组件的中心孔在所述第一方向上的投影至少一部分重合。
上述方案中，多个第二通孔在第一方向上投影与电极组件的中心孔在第一方向上的投影至少一部分重合，使得排放通道与电极组件的中心孔共同形成直通通道，可平衡电极组件在中心孔轴 向的两侧的压力，降低因电极组件靠近端盖的一侧的压力过高，而造成泄压机构被损坏的风险。
在一些实施例中，至少一个所述折叠部设置所述第二通孔的部位在所述折痕的延伸方向上的至少一侧设置有导流凸出部。
上述方案中，折叠部上设置导流凸出部可增大折叠部设置第二通孔的部位的过流面积。
在一些实施例中，所述多个折叠部包括依次连接的第一折叠部、第二折叠部和第三折叠部；所述第一折叠部被配置为与所述第一电极端子和所述第二电极端子电连接；所述第三折叠部用于与所述电极组件电连接；在所述折痕的延伸方向上，所述第一折叠部和所述第三折叠部的宽度均大于所述第二折叠部的宽度；其中，所述第二折叠部设置所述第二通孔的部位在所述折痕的延伸方向上的至少一侧设置有导流凸出部。
上述方案中，第一折叠部和第三折叠部的宽度均大于第二折叠部的宽度，在保证第一折叠部更容易连接第一电极端子和第二电极端子，第三折叠部更容易连接电极组件的同时，使得第二折叠部的宽度相对较小，节省了集流体的材料。第二折叠部上设置导流凸起可增大第二折叠部设置第二通孔的部位的过流面积。
第二方面，本申请实施例提供一种电池单体，包括外壳、电极组件以及第一方面任意一个实施例提供的端盖组件；所述外壳具有开口；所述电极组件容纳于所述外壳内；所述端盖用于封盖于所述开口，所述第一电极端子和所述第二电极端子被配置为与所述电极组件电连接。
上述方案中，电池单体中的泄压机构有效利用端盖在第一电极端子与第二电极端子之间的空间，泄压机构的排布更为合理，可设置更大尺寸的泄压机构。
第三方面，本申请实施例提供一种电池，包括箱体以及第二方面任意一个实施例提供的电池单体，所述电池单体收容于所述箱体内。
第四方面，本申请实施例一种用电设备，包括第二方面任意一个实施例提供的电池单体。
第五方面，本申请实施例还提供一种电池单体的制造方法，包括：
提供外壳，所述外壳具有开口；提供电极组件；提供端盖组件，端盖组件包括、端盖、第一电极端子、第二电极端子、连接件以及泄压机构，所述第一电极端子安装于所述端盖，第二电极端子安装于所述端盖，所述连接件用于连接所述第一电极端子和所述第二电极端子，所述连接件位于所述端盖在第一方向上远离所述电池单体内部的一侧，所述泄压机构设置于所述端盖，所述泄压机构至少部分位于所述第一电极端子与所述第二电极端子之间，所述泄压机构被配置为在所述电池单体的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放所述电池单体的内部的压力；将所述电极组件容纳于所述外壳内；将所述端盖封盖于所述开口；其中，所述第一电极端子和所述第二电极端子被配置为与所述电极组件电连接。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，应当理解，以下附图仅示出了本申请的某些实施例，因此不应被看作是对范围的限定，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他相关的附图。
图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆的结构示意图；
图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池的结构示意图；
图3为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的爆炸图；
图4为本申请一些实施例提供的端盖组件的爆炸图；
图5为本申请又一些实施例提供的端盖组件的爆炸图；
图6为本申请一些实施例提供的连接件与第一电极端子和第二电极端子的连接示意图；
图7为图4所示的端盖组件的俯视图；
图8为图5所示的端盖组件的俯视图；
图9为图5所示的端盖组件的端盖的结构示意图；
图10为本申请一些实施例提供的遮盖件、泄压机构和端盖的连接示意图；
图11为本申请一些实施例提供的端盖组件的剖视图；
图12为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的局部剖视图；
图13为本申请一些实施例提供的端盖组件的集流体(处于展开状态)的结构示意图；
图14为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的制造方法的流程图。
图标：10-箱体；11-密闭空间；12-第一部分；13-第二部分；20-电池单体；21-外壳；211-开口；22-电极组件；221-中心孔；23-端盖组件；231-端盖；2311-第一容纳槽；2312-排放孔；2312a-第一孔部；2312b-第二孔部；2313-第二容纳槽；232-第一电极端子；233-第二电极端子；234-连接件；2341-第一导电段；2342-第二导电段；2343-绝缘段；235-泄压机构；2351-开启区；2351a-第一开启区域；2351b-第二开启区域；236-第一绝缘件；2361-凹槽；237-遮盖件；2371-第一通孔；238-集流体；2381-排放通道；2382-折叠部；2382a-第一折叠部；2382b-第二折叠部；2382c-第三折叠部；2383-折痕；2384-第二通孔；2385-导流凸出部；239-第二绝缘件；2391-第三通孔；240-铆接孔；241-密封圈；25-保护件；100-电池；200-控制器；300-马达；1000-车辆；Z-第一方向；X-第二方向；Y-第三方向。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
除非另有定义，本申请所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本申请中在申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。本申请的说明书和权利要求书或上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别不同对象，而不是用于描述特定顺序或主次关系。
在本申请中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“附接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
在本申请的实施例中，相同的附图标记表示相同的部件，并且为了简洁，在不同实施例中，省略对相同部件的详细说明。应理解，附图示出的本申请实施例中的各种部件的厚度、长宽等尺寸，以及集成装置的整体厚度、长宽等尺寸仅为示例性说明，而不应对本申请构成任何限定。
本申请中出现的“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)。
本申请中，电池单体可以包括锂离子二次电池、锂离子一次电池、锂硫电池、钠锂离子电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。电池单体可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等，本申请实施例对此也不限定。电池单体一般按封装的方式分成三种：柱形电池单体、方体方形电池单体和软包电池单体，本申请实施例对此也不限定。
本申请的实施例所提到的电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。例如，本申请中所提到的电池可以包括电池模块或电池包等。电池一般包括用于封装一个或多个电池单体的箱体。箱体可以避免液体或其他异物影响电池单体的充电或放电。
电池单体包括电极组件和电解液，电极组件由正极片、负极片和隔离膜组成。电池单体主要依靠金属离子在正极片和负极片之间移动来工作。正极片包括正极集流体和正极活性物质层，正极活性物质层涂覆于正极集流体的表面，未涂敷正极活性物质层的正极集流体凸出于已涂覆正极活性物质层的正极集流体，未涂敷正极活性物质层的正极集流体作为正极极耳。以锂离子电池为例，正极集流体的材料可以为铝，正极活性物质可以为钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂、三元锂或锰酸锂等。负极片包括负极集流体和负极活性物质层，负极活性物质层涂覆于负极集流体的表面，未涂敷负极活性物质层的负极集流体凸出于已涂覆负极活性物质层的负极集流体，未涂敷负极活性物质层的负极集流体作为负极极耳。负极集流体的材料可以为铜，负极活性物质可以为碳或硅等。为了保证通过大电流而不发生熔断，正极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起，负极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起。隔离膜的材质可以为PP(polypropylene，聚丙烯)或PE(polyethylene，聚乙烯)等。此外，电极组件可以是卷绕式结构，也可以是叠片式结构，本申请实施例并不限于此。
电池技术的发展要同时考虑多方面的设计因素，例如，能量密度、循环寿命、放电容量、充放电倍率等性能参数，另外，还需要考虑电池的安全性。
对于电池单体来说，主要的安全危险来自于充电和放电过程，同时还有适宜的环境温度设计，为了有效地避免不必要的损失，对电池单体一般会有三种保护措施。具体而言，保护措施至少包括开关元件、选择适当的隔离膜材料以及泄压机构。开关元件是指电池单体内的温度或者电阻达到一定阈值时而能够使电池停止充电或者放电的元件。隔离膜用于隔离正极片和负极片，可以在温度上升到一定数值时自动溶解掉附着在其上的微米级(甚至纳米级)微孔，从而使金属离子不能在隔离膜上通过，终止电池单体的内部反应。
泄压机构是指电池单体的内部压力或温度达到预定阈值时致动以泄放内部压力或温度的元件或部件。该阈值设计根据设计需求不同而不同。所述阈值可能取决于电池单体中的正极片、负极片、电解液和隔离膜中一种或几种的材料。泄压机构可以采用诸如防爆阀、防爆片、气阀、泄压阀或安全阀等的形式，并可以具体采用压敏或温敏的元件或构造，即，当电池单体的内部压力或温度达到预定阈值时，泄压机构执行动作或者泄压机构中设有的薄弱结构被破坏，从而形成可供内部压力或温度泄放的开口或通道。
本申请中所提到的“致动”是指泄压机构产生动作或被激活至一定的状态，从而使得电池单体的内部压力及温度得以被泄放。泄压机构产生的动作可以包括但不限于：泄压机构中的至少一部分破裂、破碎、被撕裂或者打开，等等。泄压机构在致动时，电池单体的内部的高温高压物质作为排放物会从致动的部位向外排出。以此方式能够在可控压力或温度的情况下使电池单体发生泄压及泄温，从而避免潜在的更严重的事故发生。
本申请中所提到的来自电池单体的排放物包括但不限于：电解液、被溶解或分裂的正负极片、隔离膜的碎片、反应产生的高温高压气体、火焰，等等。
电池单体上的泄压机构对电池的安全性有着重要影响。例如，当发生短路、过充等现象时，可能会导致电池单体内部发生热失控从而压力或温度骤升。这种情况下通过泄压机构致动可以将内部压力及温度向外释放，以防止电池单体爆炸、起火。
发明人发现，在电池单体中，泄压机构一般布置于电极端子上的孔道中，泄压机构的大小受到电极端子的尺寸的限制，泄压机构排布不合理，电池单体中无法布置大尺寸的泄压机构，导致泄压机构的泄压能力较差。
鉴于此，本申请实施例提供一种技术方案，通过将泄压机构的至少一部分设置于第一电极端子与第二电极端子之间，从而有效利用端盖在第一电极端子与第二电极端子之间的空间，可设置更大尺寸的泄压机构，提高泄压机构的泄压能力。
本申请实施例描述的技术方案适用于电池以及使用电池的用电设备。
用电设备可以是车辆、手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、轮船、航天器、电动玩具和电动工具等等。车辆可以是燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等；航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等；电动玩具包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等；电动工具包括金属切削电动工具、研磨电动工具、装配电动工具和铁道用电动工具，例如，电钻、电动砂轮机、电动扳手、电动螺丝刀、电锤、冲击电钻、混凝土振动器和电刨等等。本申请实施例对上述用电设备不做特殊限制。
以下实施例为了方便说明，以用电设备为车辆为例进行说明。
请参照图1，图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆1000的结构示意图。车辆1000的内部设置有电池100，电池100可以设置在车辆1000的底部或头部或尾部。电池100可以用于车辆1000的供电，例如，电池100可以作为车辆1000的操作电源。
车辆1000还可以包括控制器200和马达300，控制器200用来控制电池100为马达300供电，例如，用于车辆1000的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在本申请一些实施例中，电池100不仅仅可以作为车辆1000的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1000的驱动电源，代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气为车辆1000提供驱动动力。
请参照图2，图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池100的结构示意图。电池100包括箱体10和电池单体20，电池单体20收容于箱体10内。
箱体10用于为电池单体20提供密闭空间11。在一些实施例中，箱体10可以包括第一部分12和第二部分13，第一部分12与第二部分13相互盖合，以限定出用于容纳电池单体20的密闭空间11。当然，第一部分12与第二部分13的连接处可通过密封件(图未示出)来实现密封，密封件可以是密封圈、密封胶等。
第一部分12和第二部分13可以是多种形状，比如，长方体、圆柱体等。第一部分12可以是一侧开口的空心结构，第二部分13也可以是一侧开口的空心结构，第二部分13的开口侧盖合于第一部分12的开口侧，则形成具有密闭空间11的箱体10。当然，如图2所示，也可以是第一部分12为一侧开口的空心结构，第二部分13为板状结构，第二部分13盖合于第一部分12的开口侧，则形成具有密闭空间11的箱体10。
在电池100中，电池单体20可以是一个、也可以是多个。若电池单体20为多个，多个电池单体20之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体20中既有串联又有并联。多个电池单体20之间可直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将多个电池单体20构成的整体容纳于箱体10内；当然，也可以是多个电池单体20先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块，多个电池模块再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体10内。电池单体20可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等。图2示例性的示出了电池单体20呈圆柱体的情况。
在一些实施例中，电池100还可以包括汇流部件(图未示出)，多个电池单体20之间可通过汇流部件实现电连接，以实现多个电池单体20的串联或并联或混联。
请参照图3，图3为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体20的爆炸图。电池单体20可以包括外壳21、电极组件22和端盖组件23。外壳21具有开口211，电极组件22容纳于外壳21内，端盖组件23用于封盖于开口211。
外壳21可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。外壳21的形状可根据电极组件22的具体形状来确定。比如，若电极组件22为圆柱体结构，外壳21则可选用为圆柱体结构；若电极组件22为长方体结构，外壳21则可选用长方体结构。图3示例性的示出了外壳21和电极组件22为圆柱体的情况。
外壳21的材质也可以是多种，比如，铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金等，本申请实施例对此不作特殊限制。
电极组件22可以包括正极片(图未示出)、负极片(图未示出)和隔离膜(图未示 出)。电极组件22可以是由正极片、隔离膜和负极片通过卷绕形成的卷绕式结构，也可以是由正极片、隔离膜和负极片通过层叠布置形成的层叠式结构。电极组件22还包括正极极耳(图未示出)和负极极耳(图未示出)，可以是正极片中未涂覆正极活性物质层的正极集流体作为正极极耳，可以是负极片中未涂覆负极活性物质层的负极集流体作为负极极耳。
端盖组件23用于封盖外壳21的开口211，以形成一密闭的容纳空间(图未示出)，容纳空间用于容纳电极组件22。容纳空间还用于容纳电解质，例如电解液。端盖组件23作为输出电极组件22的电能的部件，端盖组件23中的电极端子用于与电极组件22电连接，即电极端子与电极组件22的极耳电连接，比如，电极端子与极耳通过集流体238(参见图11)连接，以实现电极端子与极耳的电连接。
需要说明的，外壳21的开口211可以是一个，也可以是两个。若外壳21的开口211为一个，端盖组件23也可以为一个，端盖组件23中则可设置两个电极端子，两个电极端子分别用于与电极组件22正极极耳和负极极耳电连接，端盖组件23中的两个电极端子分别为正极电极端子和负极电极端子。如图3所示，若外壳21的开口211为两个，比如，两个开口211设置在外壳21相对的两侧，端盖组件23也可以为两个，两个端盖组件23分别盖合于外壳21的两个开口211处。在这种情况下，可以是一个端盖组件23中的电极端子为正极电极端子，用于与电极组件22的正极极耳电连接；另一个端盖组件23中的电极端子为负极电极端子，用于与电极组件22的负极片电连接。
在一些实施例中，如图3所示，电池单体20还可以包括固定于极耳(图未示出)上的保护件25，保护件25用于绝缘隔离极耳与外壳21。一个保护件25使电极组件22的正极极耳不与外壳21接触，另一个保护件25使电极组件22的负极极耳不与外壳接触。示例性的，保护件25为粘接于极耳上的胶带。
请参照图4和图5，图4为本申请一些实施例提供的端盖组件23的爆炸图；图5为本申请又一些实施例提供的端盖组件23的爆炸图，端盖组件23可以包括端盖231、第一电极端子232、第二电极端子233、连接件234和泄压机构235。
第一电极端子232安装于端盖231；第二电极端子233安装于端盖231，连接件234用于连接第一电极端子232和第二电极端子233。连接件234位于端盖231在第一方向Z上远离电池单体20(参见图3)内部的一侧。泄压机构235设置于端盖231，泄压机构235至少部分位于第一电极端子232与第二电极端子233之间，泄压机构235被配置为在电池单体20的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放电池单体20的内部的压力。
上述结构的端盖组件23中的泄压机构235，有效利用端盖231在第一电极端子232与第二电极端子233之间的空间，泄压机构235的排布更为合理，可设置更大尺寸的泄压机构235，以提高泄压机构的泄压能力。
端盖组件23中的端盖231用于封盖外壳21(参见图3)的开口211。端盖231可以是多种形状，比如圆形、长方形等。端盖231的形状取决外壳21形状，若外壳21为圆柱体结构，则可选圆形端盖231；若外壳21为长方体结构，则可选用圆形端盖231。图4和图5示例性的示出了端盖231为圆形的情况。
本申请实施例所提及第一方向Z即为端盖231的厚度方向，若端盖231为圆形结构，第一方向Z也为端盖231的轴向。
需要说明的是，端盖组件23的第一电极端子232和第二电极端子233的极性可以相同，也可以不同。
在一些实施例中，第一电极端子232和第二电极端子233的极性相同，则连接件234连接于极性相同的两个电极端子上，连接件234起到汇集电能的作用，可增大电池单体20与汇流部件的连接面积。
第一电极端子232和第二电极端子233可以同为正极电极端子，用于与电极组件22的正极极耳电连接；第一电极端子232和第二电极端子233也可同为负极电极端子，用于与电极组件 22的负极极耳电连接。
在本实施例中，电池单体20中的端盖组件23可以是两个，一个端盖组件23中的电极端子为正极电极端子，另一个端盖组件23中的电极端子为负极电极端子。当然，两个端盖组件23的结构可以相同，也可以存在差异，比如，一个端盖组件23中设有泄压机构235，另一个端盖组件23中未设置泄压机构235。
在第一电极端子232和第二电极端子233的极性相同的情况下，连接件234可以是连接第一电极端子232和第二电极端子233的导体，使得第一电极端子232和第二电极端子233汇流至连接件234。在两个电池单体20通过汇流部件(图未示出)实现串联或并联时，汇流部件可与连接件234连接，比如，汇流部件与连接件234焊接。
在一些实施例中，第一电极端子232和第二电极端子233的极性相反，第一电极端子232和第二电极端子233中的一者为正极电极端子，用于与电极组件22的正极极耳电连接，另一者为负极电极端子，用于与电极组件22的负极极耳电连接。
在本实施例中，电池单体20中的端盖组件23可以为一个。
在第一电极端子232和第二电极端子233的极性相反的情况下，连接件234连接在第一电极端子232和第二电极端子233之间，起到固定第一电极端子232和第二电极端子233的作用。
可理解的，第一电极端子232和第二电极端子233不会通过连接件234实现电连接，比如，请参照图6，图6为本申请一些实施例提供的连接件234与第一电极端子232和第二电极端子233连接的结构示意图，连接件234为多段结构，连接件234包括第一导电段2341、第二导电段2342和绝缘段2343，第一导电段2341与第二导电段2342通过绝缘段2343连接，以隔离第一导电段2341和第二导电段2342。第一导电段2341连接于第一电极端子232，第二导电段2342连接于第二电极端子233。第一导电段2341用于与一个汇流部件(图未示出)连接固定，第二导电段2342用于与另一个汇流部件连接固定。
在一些实施例中，请参照图7和图8，图7为图4所示的端盖组件23的俯视图，图8为图5所示的端盖组件23的俯视图；连接件234在第一方向Z(参见图4和图5)上的投影覆盖泄压机构235的至少一部分，也就是说，在第一方向Z上，泄压机构235至少一部分被连接件234遮挡，使得泄压机构235有效利用了端盖231上被连接件234所占用的空间，更为合理的利用了端盖231上的空间。
泄压机构235可以是多种结构，泄压机构235可以是防爆阀、防爆片、气阀、泄压阀或安全阀等，泄压机构235也可以是端盖231上的薄弱部分。泄压机构235致动可以是泄压机构235中的一部分被破坏，比如，泄压机构235为防爆片，防爆片的一部分在电池单体20内部的压力的作用下被破坏；泄压机构235致动也可以是泄压机构235中的一部分被打开，比如，泄压机构235为泄压阀，泄压阀的泄压孔被打开。
在一些实施例中，泄压机构235包括开启区2351，泄压机构235被配置为在电池单体20内部压力或温度达到阈值时从开启区2351泄放电池单体20的内部的压力。连接件234在第一方向Z上的投影覆盖开启区2351的一部分，开启区2351在第一方向Z上的投影超出连接件234在第一方向Z上的投影。即开启区2351至少有一部分未被连接件234遮挡，使得通过开启区2351泄放电池单体20内部的压力的过程中更加顺畅。
开启区2351即为泄压机构235致动时被开启的部分。比如，泄压机构235为端盖231的薄弱部分，开启区2351即为该薄弱部分；又如，泄压机构235为泄压阀，开启区2351即为泄压阀的泄压孔；又如，泄压机构235为防爆片，开启区2351即为防爆片被破坏的部分。
在一些实施例中，如图4和图5所示，泄压机构235为防爆片，端盖231上设有排放孔2312，防爆片固定于端盖231并封堵排放孔2312。当电池单体20的内部压力或温度达到阈值时，防爆片位于排放孔2312的范围内的区域被破坏，电池100内部的排放物可通过端盖231的排放孔2312排出，从而泄放电池单体20的内部的压力。可理解的，防爆阀位于排放孔2312的孔壁所限定的范围以内的区域即为开启区2351。为方便说明，下文所提及泄压机构235均以防爆片为例， 泄压机构235的开启区2351均以防爆片的开启区2351为例。
示例性的，端盖231为圆形，排放孔2312设置于端盖231的中心位置。
在一些实施例中，开启区2351沿第二方向X延伸，连接件234沿第三方向Y延伸；第一方向Z、第二方向X和第三方向Y两两垂直。这种结构使得开启区2351被连接件234遮挡的区域更小，进一步提高通过开启区2351泄放电池单体20内部的压力的过程中的顺畅性。
由于防爆片的开启区2351为防爆片位于排放孔2312的孔壁所限定的范围以内的区域，开启区2351的延伸方向(第二方向X)即为排放孔2312的延伸方向。
在一些实施例中，如图7所示，端盖231上的排放孔2312在第三方向Y上的宽度在第二方向X上基本保持不变，示例性的，排放孔2312为条形孔。连接件234为沿第三方向Y延伸的块状件。第一电极端子232和第二电极端子233沿第三方向Y间隔分布，且分别位于排放孔2312在第三方向Y上的两侧。
在一些实施例中，如图8所示，开启区2351包括第一开启区域2351a和第二开启区域2351b，第二开启区域2351b设置于第一开启区域2351a在第二方向X上的至少一端。连接件234在第一方向Z(参见图5)上的投影覆盖第一开启区域2351a的至少一部分，即在第一方向Z上，第一开启区域2351a的至少一部分被连接件234遮挡。第二开启区域2351b在第一方向Z上的投影超出连接件234在第一方向Z上的投影，即在第二方向X上，第二开启区域2351b至少一部分未被连接件234遮挡。第二开启区域2351b在第三方向Y上的宽度大于第一开启区域2351a在第三方向Y上的宽度。这种结构增大了开启区2351的面积，进一步提高通过开启区2351泄放电池单体20内部的压力的过程中的顺畅性。
请参照图9，图9为图5所示的端盖组件23的端盖231的结构示意图，排放孔2312包括彼此连通的第一孔部2312a和第二孔部2312b，第二孔部2312b设置于第一孔部2312a在第二方向X上的至少一端，第一孔部2312a与第一开启区域2351a(参见图8)相对应，第二孔部2312b与第二开启区域2351b(参见图8)相对应。
示例性的，第一开启区域2351a的两端均设有第二开启区域2351b。在第二方向X上，第一开启区域2351a的两端分别超出连接件234的两侧，使得连接件234在第一方向Z上的投影只覆盖了第一开启区域2351a的一部分，也就是说，连接件234在第一方向Z上只遮挡了第一开启区域2351a的一部分。可理解的，第一孔部2312a的两端均设有第二孔部2312b。
第二开启区域2351b可以多种形状，比如，圆形、矩形或椭圆形等。图8示例性的示出了第二开启区域2351b为椭圆形的情况。
由上述各实施例可知，连接件234在第一方向Z上的投影可以覆盖泄压机构235的至少一部分，以有效利用端盖231上被连接件234所占用的空间。在其他实施例中，连接件234在第一方向Z上的投影也可不覆盖泄压机构235，也就是说，在第一方向Z上，泄压机构235未被连接件234遮挡。在这种情况下，示例性的，连接件234可以为圆弧形结构，连接件234的两端分别与第一电极端子232和第二电极端子连接233，连接件234所在圆弧的轴线沿第一方向Z布置。
在一些实施例中，如图4和图5所示，端盖组件23还可以包括第一绝缘件236，第一绝缘件236至少一部分设置于连接件234与端盖231之间，以隔离端盖231与连接件234。
第一绝缘件236起到绝缘作用，第一绝缘件236为绝缘材质，其可以是橡胶、塑料等材质制成，塑料可以是PBT(Polybutylene terephthalate，聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯)、PET(Polyethylene terephthalate，聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)、PA(Polyamide，聚酰胺)等。
在一些实施例，第一绝缘件236远离端盖231的一侧设有凹槽2361，连接件234设于凹槽2361内，以增大第一绝缘件236与端盖231的爬电距离。
需要说明的是，在端盖组件23设置有第一绝缘件236的情况下，可以是第一绝缘件236在第一方向Z上的投影覆盖泄压机构235的开启区2351的一部分，开启区2351在第一方向Z上的投影超出第一绝缘件236在第一方向Z上的投影，即第一泄压机构235在第一方向Z上并未被第一 绝缘件236完全遮挡。
在一些实施例中，请参照图10，图10为本申请一些实施例提供的遮盖件237、泄压机构235和端盖231的连接示意图，端盖组件23还可以包括用于遮盖泄压机构235的遮盖件237，端盖231靠近连接件234的一侧设有用于容纳遮盖件237的第一容纳槽2311，以减小遮盖件237占用端盖231的外部空间。
示例性的，遮盖件237与泄压机构235分别封堵于排放孔2312的两端，使得遮盖件237遮盖于泄压机构235，遮盖件237对泄压机构235起到很好的保护作用，降低外界物质进入到排放孔2312内污染、破坏泄压机构235的风险。
需要说明的是，在通过泄压机构235泄放电池单体20内部的压力的过程中，可以是遮盖件237脱离端盖231，也可以是遮盖件237被破坏，以保证在泄放电池单体20内部的压力的过程中的顺畅性。
示例性的，遮盖件237为片状结构，遮盖件237可通过粘接的方式固定于端盖231。
在一些实施例中，遮盖件237上设有第一通孔2371，第一通孔2371起到平衡压力的作用，以平衡遮盖件237与泄压机构235之间的区域的压力与外界压力，降低因遮盖件237与泄压机构235之间的区域(排放孔2312内部区域)过大，而造成遮挡件在泄压机构235致动前脱离端盖231或被破坏。
示例性的，遮盖件237为片状结构，第一容纳槽2311的深度大于遮盖件237的厚度，遮盖件237容纳于端盖231上的第一容纳槽2311内后，增大遮盖件237与第一绝缘件236之间间隙，以降低第一通孔2371被第一绝缘件236封堵的风险。
在一些实施例中，端盖231远离连接件234的一侧可以设有用于容纳泄压机构235的第二容纳槽2313，以减小泄压机构235占用端盖231的外部空间。
在一些实施例中，如图4和图5所示，端盖组件23还可以包括集流体238，集流体238被配置为连接第一电极端子232、第二电极端子233和电池单体20的电极组件22(参见图3)。
需要说明的是，若端盖组件23中的第一电极端子232与第二电极端子233的极性相同，以第一电极端子232和第二电极端子233均为负极电极端子为例，端盖组件23可包括一个集流体238，集流体238的一端与第一电极端子232和第二电极端子233连接，集流体238的另一端与电极组件22的负极极耳连接；若端盖组件23中的第一电极端子232与第二电极端子233的极性相反，以第一电极端子232为正极电极端子，第二电极端子233为负极电极端子为例，端盖组件23可包括两个集流体238，一个集流体238的一端与第一电极端子232连接，该集流体238的另一端与电极组件22的正极极耳连接，另一个集流体238的一端与第二电极端子233连接，该集流体238的另一端与电极组件22的负极极耳连接。图4和图5示例性的示出了第一电极端子232与第二电极端子233的极性相同的情况。
在一些实施例中，端盖组件23还可以包括第二绝缘件239，第二绝缘件239至少一部分设置于端盖231与集流体238之间，以隔离端盖231与集流体238。
第二绝缘件239起到绝缘作用，第二绝缘件239为绝缘材质，其可以是橡胶、塑料等材质制成，塑料可以是PBT(Polybutylene terephthalate，聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯)、PET(Polyethylene terephthalate，聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)、PA(Polyamide，聚酰胺)等。
在一些实施例中，请参照图11，图11为本申请一些实施例提供的端盖组件23的剖视图，以第一电极端子232与第二电极端子233的极性相同为例，连接件234、第一绝缘件236、端盖231、第二绝缘件239和集流体238通过第一电极端子232和第二电极端子233铆接在一起。
其中，如图4和图5所示，连接件234、第一绝缘件236、端盖231、第二绝缘件239和集流体238上均设有供第一电极端子232和第二电极端子233穿过的铆接孔240。
在一些实施例中，端盖组件23还可以包括密封圈241，第一电极端子232与端盖231之间和第二电极端子233与端盖231之间均设有密封圈241，以密封端盖231上的铆接孔240。
在一些实施例中，请继续参照图11，集流体238上设置有排放通道2381。电池单体20热失控产生的排放物能够依次通过排放通道2381和泄压机构235排出至电池单体20外，以泄放电池单体20的内部的压力。也就是说，电池单体20热失控时，电池单体20内部的排放物可依次通过排放通道2381和泄压机构235排出至电池单体20外，保证电池单体20热失控产生的排放物能够及时排出，以达到泄放电池单体20内部压力的目的。
需要说明的是，电池单体20热失控产生的排放物能够依次通过排放通道2381和泄压机构235排出至电池单体20外，这里并不限制电池单体20热失控产生的排放物只能依次通过排放通道2381和泄压机构235排出至电池单体20外，排放物也可以通过其他路径排出至电池单体20外，比如，部分排放物直接通过泄压机构235排出至电池单体20外。
在一些实施例中，请一并参照图13，集流体238包括多个折叠部2382，每相邻的两个折叠部2382之间形成有折痕2383，每个折叠部2382设置有第二通孔2384，多个第二通孔2384共同形成排放通道2381。
集流体238为折叠结构，便于将集流体238布置在端盖231与电极组件22之间，减小集流体238所占用的空间。集流体238具有折叠状态(参见图5)和展开状态(参见图4)，在折叠状态下，多个第二通孔2384则可共同形成排放通道2381。
需要说明的是，排放通道2381也可以是其他结构，比如，集流体238为非折叠的片状结构，集流体238平铺设置，在这种情况下，排放通道2381可以是集流体238上的一个孔或缺口。
在一些实施例中，多个第二通孔2384在第一方向Z上的投影与泄压机构235在第一方向Z上的投影至少一部分重合，即多个第一通孔2371在第一方向Z上与泄压机构235基本对齐。这种结构减小了集流体238对电池单体20内的排放物的阻碍作用，提高了排放物经过排放通道2381和泄压机构235向外排放过程的顺畅性，使得排放物能够更容易地排出至电池单体20外。
示例性的，多个第二通孔2384在第一方向Z上与泄压机构235的开启区2351(参见图7和图8)基本对齐，可理解的，多个第二通孔2384在第一方向Z上与端盖231上的排放孔2312对齐。
在一些实施例中，第二绝缘件239上设有第三通孔2391，第三通孔2391可以是一个，也可以是多个。在第一方向Z上至少一个通气与排放通道2381和泄压机构235基本对齐，减小第二绝缘件239对电池单体20内的排放物的阻碍作用，以便于排放物通过排放通道2381顺利到达泄压机构235。
在一些实施例中，请参照图12，图12为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体20的局部剖视图，多个第二通孔2384在第一方向Z上的投影与电极组件22的中心孔221在第一方向Z上的投影至少一部分重合，即多个第二通孔2384在第一方向Z上与电极组件22的中心孔221基本对齐。这种结构使得排放通道2381与电极组件22的中心孔221共同形成直通通道，可平衡电极组件22在中心孔221轴向的两侧的压力，降低因电极组件22靠近端盖231的一侧的压力过高，而造成泄压机构235被损坏的风险。
比如，电池单体20在掉落时，电极组件22在惯性的作用下会相对端盖231发生位移，电极组件22与端盖231之间的空间被压缩，电极组件22与端盖231之间的区域的压力升高，由于排放通道2381与电极组件22的中心孔221共同形成直通通道，电极组件22与端盖231之间的介质(如气体)可通过集流体238的排放通道2381进入电极组件22的中心孔221，最终达到电极组件22远离端盖231的一侧，从而达到平衡电极组件22在中心孔221轴向的两侧的压力目的。
在一些实施例中，请参照图13，图13为本申请一些实施例提供的端盖组件23的集流体238(处于展开状态)的结构示意图，集流体238的至少一个折叠部2382设置第二通孔2384的部位在折痕2383的延伸方向上的至少一侧设置有导流凸出部2385，以增大折叠部2382设置第二通孔2384的部位的过流面积。
集流体238中的折叠部2382可以是两个、三个、四个等。
在一些实施例中，如图13所示，集流体238包括第一折叠部2382a、第二折叠部2382b 和第三折叠部2382c，第一折叠部2382a、第二折叠部2382b和第三折叠部2382c依次连接，第一折叠部2382a用于与第一电极端子232(参见图11)和第二电极端子233(参见图11)电连接。第三折叠部2382c用于与电极组件22(参见图12)电连接。
在一些实施例中，如图13所示，在折痕2383的延伸方向上，第一折叠部2382a和第三折叠部2382c的宽度均大于第二折叠部2382b的宽度，这种结构在保证第一折叠部2382a更容易连接第一电极端子232和第二电极端子233，第三折叠部2382c更容易连接电极组件22的同时，使得第二折叠部2382b的宽度相对较小，节省了集流体238的材料。
在一些实施例中，第二折叠部2382b设置第二通孔2384的部位在折痕2383的延伸方向上的至少一侧设置有导流凸出部2385，以增大第二折叠部2382b设置第二通孔2384的部位的过流面积。
示例性的，第二折叠部2382b设置第二通孔2384的部位在折痕2383的延伸方向上的两侧均设有导流凸出部2385。
请参照图14，图14为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体20的制造方法的流程图，电池单体20的制造方法，包括：
S100：提供外壳21，外壳21具有开口211；
S200：提供电极组件22；
S300：提供端盖组件23，端盖组件23包括、端盖231、第一电极端子232、第二电极端子233、连接件234以及泄压机构235，第一电极端子232安装于端盖231，第二电极端子233安装于端盖231，连接件234用于连接第一电极端子232和第二电极端子233，连接件234位于端盖231在第一方向Z上远离电池单体20内部的一侧，泄压机构235设置于端盖231，泄压机构235至少部分位于第一电极端子232与第二电极端子233之间，泄压机构235被配置为在电池单体20的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放电池单体20的内部的压力；
S400：将电极组件22容纳于外壳21内；
S500：将端盖组件23的端盖231封盖于外壳21的开口211；
其中，第一电极端子232和第二电极端子233被配置为与电极组件22电连接。
需要说明的是，在基于上述电池单体20的制造方法在组装电池单体20时，对执行步骤S100、S200、S300的顺序不做限制，比如，可以是先执行步骤S300，即提供端盖组件23，然后再执行步骤S200。
通过上述电池单体20的制造方法制造的电池单体20的相关结构，可参见上述各实施例提供的电池单体20。
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
以上实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，并不用于限制本申请，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种端盖组件，用于电池单体，包括：
    端盖；
    第一电极端子，安装于所述端盖；
    第二电极端子，安装于所述端盖；
    连接件，用于连接所述第一电极端子和所述第二电极端子，所述连接件位于所述端盖在第一方向上远离所述电池单体内部的一侧；以及
    泄压机构，设置于所述端盖，所述泄压机构至少部分位于所述第一电极端子与所述第二电极端子之间，所述泄压机构被配置为在所述电池单体的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放所述电池单体的内部的压力。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的端盖组件，其中，所述连接件在所述第一方向上的投影覆盖所述泄压机构的至少一部分。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的端盖组件，其中，所述泄压机构包括开启区，所述泄压机构被配置为在所述电池单体内部压力或温度达到阈值时从所述开启区泄放所述电池单体的内部的压力；
    所述连接件在所述第一方向上的投影覆盖所述开启区的一部分，所述开启区在第一方向上的投影超出所述连接件在所述第一方向上的投影。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的端盖组件，其中，所述开启区沿第二方向延伸，所述连接件沿第三方向延伸；
    所述第一方向、所述第二方向和所述第三方向两两垂直。
  5. 根据权利要求3或4所述的端盖组件，其中，所述开启区包括第一开启区域和第二开启区域，所述第二开启区域设置于所述第一开启区域在第二方向上的至少一端；
    所述连接件在所述第一方向上的投影覆盖所述第一开启区域的至少一部分，所述第二开启区域在第一方向上的投影超出所述连接件在所述第一方向上的投影，所述第二开启区域在第三方向上的宽度大于所述第一开启区域在所述第三方向上的宽度；
    所述第一方向、所述第二方向和所述第三方向两两垂直。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的端盖组件，其中，所述端盖组件还包括用于遮盖所述泄压机构的遮盖件；
    所述端盖靠近所述连接件的一侧设有用于容纳所述遮盖件的第一容纳槽。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的端盖组件，其中，所述遮盖件上设有第一通孔。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的端盖组件，其中，所述第一电极端子与所述第二电极端子极性相同。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的端盖组件，其中，所述端盖组件还包括集流体，所述集流体被配置为连接所述第一电极端子、第二电极端子和所述电池单体的电极组件；
    所述集流体上设置有排放通道；
    所述电池单体热失控产生的排放物能够依次通过所述排放通道和所述泄压机构排出至所述电池单体外，以泄放所述电池单体的内部的压力。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的端盖组件，其中，所述集流体包括多个折叠部，每相邻的两个所述折叠部之间形成有折痕，每个所述折叠部设置有第二通孔，多个所述第二通孔共同形成所述排放通道。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的端盖组件，其中，多个所述第二通孔在所述第一方向上的投影与所述泄压机构在所述第一方向上的投影至少一部分重合。
  12. 根据权利要求10或11所述的端盖组件，其中，多个所述第二通孔在所述第一方向上的投影与所述电极组件的中心孔在所述第一方向上的投影至少一部分重合。
  13. 根据权利要求10-12任一项所述的端盖组件，其中，至少一个所述折叠部设置所述第二通孔的部位在所述折痕的延伸方向上的至少一侧设置有导流凸出部。
  14. 根据权利要求10所述的端盖组件，其中，所述多个折叠部包括依次连接的第一折叠部、第二折叠部和第三折叠部；
    所述第一折叠部被配置为与所述第一电极端子和所述第二电极端子电连接；
    所述第三折叠部用于与所述电极组件电连接；
    在所述折痕的延伸方向上，所述第一折叠部和所述第三折叠部的宽度均大于所述第二折叠部的宽度；
    其中，所述第二折叠部设置所述第二通孔的部位在所述折痕的延伸方向上的至少一侧设置有导流凸出部。
  15. 一种电池单体，包括：
    外壳，具有开口；
    电极组件，容纳于所述外壳内；以及
    根据权利要求1-14任一项所述的端盖组件，所述端盖用于封盖于所述开口，所述第一电极端子和所述第二电极端子被配置为与所述电极组件电连接。
  16. 一种电池，包括：
    箱体；以及
    根据权利要求15所述的电池单体，所述电池单体收容于所述箱体内。
  17. 一种用电设备，包括权利要求15所述的电池单体。
  18. 一种电池单体的制造方法，包括：
    提供外壳，所述外壳具有开口；
    提供电极组件；
    提供端盖组件，端盖组件包括：
    端盖；
    第一电极端子，安装于所述端盖；
    第二电极端子，安装于所述端盖；
    连接件，用于连接所述第一电极端子和所述第二电极端子，所述连接件位于所述端盖在第一方向上远离所述电池单体内部的一侧；
    泄压机构，设置于所述端盖，所述泄压机构至少部分位于所述第一电极端子与所述第二电极端子之间，所述泄压机构被配置为在所述电池单体的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放所述电池单体的内部的压力；
    将所述电极组件容纳于所述外壳内；
    将所述端盖封盖于所述开口；
    其中，所述第一电极端子和所述第二电极端子被配置为与所述电极组件电连接。
PCT/CN2021/125104 2020-12-30 2021-10-20 盖组件、电池、用电设备、电池单体及其制造方法 WO2022142609A1 (zh)

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