WO2023236219A1 - 电池单体、电池及用电设备 - Google Patents

电池单体、电池及用电设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023236219A1
WO2023236219A1 PCT/CN2022/098263 CN2022098263W WO2023236219A1 WO 2023236219 A1 WO2023236219 A1 WO 2023236219A1 CN 2022098263 W CN2022098263 W CN 2022098263W WO 2023236219 A1 WO2023236219 A1 WO 2023236219A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pressure relief
avoidance
battery cell
relief mechanism
wall
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/098263
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
苏华圣
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2022/098263 priority Critical patent/WO2023236219A1/zh
Publication of WO2023236219A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023236219A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a battery cell, a battery and electrical equipment.
  • Electric vehicles have become an important part of the sustainable development of the automobile industry due to their advantages in energy conservation and environmental protection.
  • battery technology is an important factor related to their development.
  • the purpose of this application is to provide a battery cell, battery and electrical equipment.
  • This battery cell has high safety.
  • this application provides a battery cell, including: a casing including a first wall; a pressure relief mechanism disposed on the first wall; an electrode lead-out portion disposed on the casing; and an electrode assembly disposed on the casing.
  • the electrode assembly is provided with tabs; an adapter, at least part of the adapter is disposed between the tabs and the first wall, the electrode lead-out part and the tabs
  • the adapter is electrically connected through the adapter; wherein, along the thickness direction of the first wall, the projection of the adapter on the first wall does not overlap with at least a part of the pressure relief mechanism.
  • the projection of the adapter on the first wall does not overlap with at least part of the pressure relief mechanism.
  • the adapter can be reduced to block and block the pressure relief mechanism. risk, in order to facilitate the pressure relief mechanism to release pressure, making the battery cells have higher safety.
  • the adapter includes a first connection part and a second connection part, the first connection part is connected to the electrode lead-out part, and the second connection part is connected to the tab, so The second connection part is formed with a first avoidance part, and along the thickness direction, the projection of the pressure relief mechanism on the second connection part at least partially falls into the first avoidance part.
  • the first avoidance part is the hollowed out part of the second connection part. Since the projection of the pressure relief mechanism on the second connection part at least partially falls into the first avoidance part, when the battery cell undergoes thermal runaway, , the first avoidance part can reduce the risk that the adapter blocks or blocks the pressure relief mechanism, so as to facilitate the pressure relief mechanism to release pressure.
  • the projection of the pressure relief mechanism on the second connection part all falls into the first avoidance part, and the area of the first avoidance part is S1, the area of the pressure relief mechanism is S2, satisfying S1 ⁇ S2.
  • the projection of the pressure relief mechanism on the second connection part all falls into the first avoidance part, and the area of the first avoidance part is greater than or equal to the area of the pressure relief mechanism, which can prevent the battery cell from thermally running out of control. Effectively reduce the risk of the adapter blocking the pressure relief mechanism and ensure that the pressure relief mechanism releases pressure in a timely manner.
  • the area of the first avoidance part is S1
  • the area S3 of the second connection part satisfies 0 ⁇ S1/S3 ⁇ 0.75.
  • the ratio of the area of the first avoidance part to the area of the second connection part satisfies the above relationship.
  • it can ensure that the first avoidance part and the pressure relief mechanism have a large overlapping area, and reduce the impact on the interior of the battery cell.
  • the gas barrier facilitates the smooth flow of gas toward the pressure relief mechanism.
  • it ensures that the second connection part and the pole ear have a large connection area to facilitate current transmission.
  • the first avoidance part is a notch provided at an edge of the second connection part.
  • the first avoidance part is a notch, which has a simple structure and is easy to process. At the same time, it facilitates the flow of gas toward the pressure relief mechanism.
  • the adapter further includes a third connection part, the third connection part connects the first connection part and the second connection part, and the first avoidance part is located at the One end of the second connecting part away from the connection location between the second connecting part and the third connecting part.
  • the first avoidance part is located at an end of the second connection part away from the connection part of the second connection part and the third connection part, so as to facilitate the processing of the first avoidance part and at the same time reduce the impact of the third connection part on the third connection part.
  • the first avoidance part has a first edge and a second edge, and the first edge and the second edge are arranged at an angle, or the first avoidance part has The edges are curved.
  • the first avoidance part when the first edge and the second edge are arranged at an included angle, the first avoidance part has a larger area, which can facilitate the passage of gas through the first avoidance part and ensure smooth flow of gas towards the pressure relief mechanism;
  • the edge of the first avoidance part is arc-shaped, which facilitates processing.
  • the size of the first avoidance part on the second connection part can be designed to be smaller to ensure a larger connection area between the second connection part and the tab. .
  • the second connection part includes a main body area and two connection areas, the two connection areas are connected to the tabs, and the first avoidance part is located in the two connection areas. between.
  • the first avoidance part is located between the two connection areas to ensure a stable connection between the second connection part and the tab.
  • the pole tab is formed with a second hollow portion.
  • the projection of the second hollow portion on the first wall, the first hollow portion The projection on the first wall at least partially overlaps the pressure relief mechanism.
  • the projection of the second hollow portion on the first wall and the projection of the first hollow portion on the first wall at least partially overlap with the pressure relief mechanism, so that the gas inside the battery cell can move toward the pressure relief mechanism.
  • the flow is smooth and reduces the risk of the pressure relief mechanism being blocked.
  • the projection of the first hollow portion on the electrode assembly all falls into the second hollow portion, and the area of the second hollow portion is S4, the area of the first shelter is S1, satisfying S4 ⁇ S1.
  • the projection of the first hollow part on the electrode assembly all falls into the second hollow part, and the area of the second hollow part is greater than or equal to the area of the first hollow part, which can reduce the clogging of the tabs.
  • the risk of the first avoidance part facilitates the gas inside the battery cell to flow through the first avoidance part toward the pressure relief mechanism, ensuring smooth gas flow.
  • the contour of the second hollow portion matches the contour of the first hollow portion.
  • the outline of the second avoidance part matches the outline of the first avoidance part, which not only ensures that the risk of the first avoidance part being blocked by the tab is small, but also ensures that the tab and the second connection part have a relatively Large connection area.
  • the tab is formed on an end of the electrode assembly close to the first wall, and the electrode lead-out part is provided on the first wall.
  • the tab is formed on one end of the electrode assembly close to the first wall, and the electrode lead-out part is provided on the first wall, so that the battery cell has a compact structure and ensures that the battery cell has a high energy density.
  • the present application provides a battery, including a box and a plurality of battery cells provided in the above embodiments, and a plurality of the battery cells are arranged in the box.
  • the present application provides an electrical device, including the battery cell provided in the above embodiment.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 2 is an exploded view of a battery provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 3 is an exploded view of a battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of a battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the adapter and the first wall provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the adapter and the first wall provided by other embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an adapter provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the adapter and the first wall provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic structural diagram of an adapter provided by other embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 10 is a top view of a battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Marking description 100-battery; 101-box; 1011-first part; 1012-second part; 10-battery cell; 11-outer shell; 111-casing; 112-cover; 113-first wall; 12 -Pressure relief mechanism; 13-electrode lead-out part; 14-electrode assembly; 141-main part; 142-pole tab; 1421-second avoidance part; 15-adapter; 151-first connection part; 152-th Two connecting parts; 1521-the first avoidance part; 1521a-the first edge; 1521b-the second edge; 1522-the main body area; 1523-the connection area; 153-the third connection part; 161-the first insulating member; 162- Second insulation piece; 200-controller; 300-motor; 1000-vehicle.
  • an embodiment means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the application.
  • the appearances of this phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense.
  • connection can be a fixed connection, It can also be detachably connected or integrally connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be internal communication between two components.
  • connection can be a fixed connection
  • connection can also be detachably connected or integrally connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be internal communication between two components.
  • connection can also be detachably connected or integrally connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be internal communication between two components.
  • “Plural” appearing in this application means two or more (including two).
  • the battery cells may include lithium ion secondary batteries, lithium ion primary batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, sodium lithium ion batteries, sodium ion batteries or magnesium ion batteries, etc., which are not limited in the embodiments of this application.
  • the battery mentioned in the embodiments of this application refers to a single physical module including one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the battery mentioned in this application may include a battery module.
  • Batteries generally include a box for packaging one or more battery cells. The box can prevent liquid or other foreign matter from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells.
  • the battery cell includes an electrode assembly and an electrolyte.
  • the electrode assembly is composed of a positive electrode plate, a negative electrode plate and a separator. Battery cells mainly rely on the movement of metal ions between the positive and negative electrodes to work.
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer.
  • the positive electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive electrode current collector.
  • the positive electrode current collector that is not coated with the positive electrode active material layer protrudes from the positive electrode collector that is coated with the positive electrode active material layer. Fluid, the positive electrode current collector without the positive electrode active material layer is used as the positive electrode tab.
  • the material of the positive electrode current collector can be aluminum, and the positive electrode active material can be lithium cobalt oxide, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium or lithium manganate, etc.
  • the negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer.
  • the negative electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the negative electrode current collector.
  • the negative electrode current collector that is not coated with the negative electrode active material layer protrudes from the negative electrode collector that is coated with the negative electrode active material layer.
  • Fluid, the negative electrode current collector that is not coated with the negative electrode active material layer serves as the negative electrode tab.
  • the material of the negative electrode current collector can be copper, and the negative electrode active material can be carbon or silicon.
  • the number of positive electrode tabs is multiple and stacked together, and the number of negative electrode tabs is multiple and stacked together.
  • the material of the isolation film can be PP (polypropylene, polypropylene) or PE (polyethylene, polyethylene), etc.
  • the battery cell also includes a casing, an electrode terminal and an adapter.
  • the electrode terminal is arranged in the casing.
  • the electrode assembly and the electrolyte are arranged in the casing.
  • the adapter connects the tabs of the electrode assembly and the electrode terminal, between the adapter and the casing.
  • An insulator is usually provided to insulate the adapter and the housing.
  • the pressure relief mechanism is an element or component that is activated to relieve the internal pressure or temperature when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell reaches a threshold value.
  • the pressure relief mechanism can take the form of an explosion-proof valve, an air valve, a pressure relief valve or a safety valve, etc., and can specifically adopt a pressure-sensitive or temperature-sensitive component or structure, that is, when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell reaches a predetermined threshold When the pressure relief mechanism takes action or the weak structure provided in the pressure relief mechanism is destroyed, an opening or channel is formed for the internal pressure or temperature to be released.
  • the “actuation” mentioned in this application means that the pressure relief mechanism acts or is activated to a certain state, so that the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell can be released.
  • the actions generated by the pressure relief mechanism may include, but are not limited to: at least a portion of the pressure relief mechanism is ruptured, broken, torn or opened, etc. In this way, the pressure or temperature of the battery cells can be released under controllable pressure or temperature, thereby avoiding potentially more serious accidents.
  • the pressure relief mechanism on the battery cell has an important impact on the safety of the battery. For example, when short circuit, overcharge, etc. occur, thermal runaway may occur inside the battery cell, resulting in a sudden increase in pressure or temperature. In this case, the internal pressure and temperature can be released outward through the activation of the pressure relief mechanism to prevent the battery cells from exploding and catching fire.
  • the battery cell is still prone to explosion and fire.
  • the inventor found through research that the cause of the above problem is: because the melting point of the insulating member is lower than the melting point of the adapter, when the battery cell undergoes thermal runaway, the insulating member located between the adapter and the casing melts.
  • the pressure relief mechanism activates the exhaust. When exhausting, the adapter is easily deformed due to the air flow, blocking the pressure relief mechanism and blocking the exhaust part of the battery cell, making it impossible to release the internal pressure of the battery cell, resulting in battery cell failure. Explosion, fire.
  • the inventor has designed a battery cell after in-depth research.
  • the first wall is provided with a pressure relief mechanism.
  • the projection of the adapter on the first wall does not overlap with at least part of the pressure relief mechanism.
  • the projection of the adapter on the first wall does not overlap with at least a part of the pressure relief mechanism. Even if the adapter piece is deformed when the battery cell is thermally out of control, the adapter blocks the pressure relief mechanism. The small area does not even block the pressure relief mechanism, making it easier for the pressure relief mechanism to release pressure and improving the safety of the battery cells.
  • the battery cells disclosed in the embodiments of the present application can be used in, but are not limited to, vehicles, ships, aircraft, and other electrical equipment.
  • the power supply system of the electrical equipment can be composed of battery cells, batteries, etc. disclosed in this application.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide an electrical device that uses a battery as a power source.
  • the electrical device can be, but is not limited to, vehicles, mobile phones, portable devices, laptops, ships, spacecraft, electric toys, electric tools, etc.
  • Vehicles can be fuel vehicles, gas vehicles or new energy vehicles, and new energy vehicles can be pure electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles or extended-range vehicles, etc.
  • spacecraft include aircraft, rockets, space shuttles, spaceships, etc.
  • electric toys include fixed Type or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric ship toys and electric airplane toys, etc.
  • electric tools include metal cutting electric tools, grinding electric tools, assembly electric tools and railway electric tools, for example, Electric drills, electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators, planers and more.
  • the embodiments of this application impose no special restrictions on the above electrical equipment.
  • the following embodiments take the electrical equipment as a vehicle as an example.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle 1000 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery 100 is disposed inside the vehicle 1000 , and the battery 100 may be disposed at the bottom, head, or tail of the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 may be used to power the vehicle 1000 , for example, the battery 100 may serve as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000 .
  • the vehicle 1000 may also include a controller 200 and a motor 300 .
  • the controller 200 is used to control the battery 100 to provide power to the motor 300 , for example, for starting, navigating and driving the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 can not only be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000 , but can also be used as a driving power source for the vehicle 1000 , replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1000 .
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the battery 100 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery 100 includes a case 101 and a plurality of battery cells 10 .
  • the plurality of battery cells 10 are arranged in the case 101 .
  • the box 101 is a component that accommodates the battery cells 10.
  • the box 101 provides a storage space for the battery cells 10.
  • the box 101 can adopt a variety of structures.
  • the box 101 may include a first part 1011 and a second part 1012 , and the first part 1011 and the second part 1012 cover each other to define an accommodation space for accommodating the battery cells 10 .
  • the first part 1011 and the second part 1012 may be in various shapes, such as cuboid, cylinder, etc.
  • the first part 1011 can be a hollow structure open on one side, and the second part 1012 can also be a hollow structure open on one side.
  • the open side of the second part 1012 is covered with the open side of the first part 1011, forming a box with accommodating space.
  • the first part 1011 may be a hollow structure with one side open
  • the second part 1012 may be a plate-like structure
  • the second part 1012 covers the open side of the first part 1011 to form a box 101 with an accommodation space.
  • the first part 1011 and the second part 1012 can be sealed by sealing elements, which can be sealing rings, sealants, etc.
  • multiple battery cells 10 can be connected in series, in parallel, or in mixed connection.
  • Mixed connection means that the multiple battery cells 10 are connected in series and in parallel.
  • Multiple battery cells 10 may be first connected in series, parallel, or mixed to form a battery module, and then multiple battery modules may be connected in series, parallel, or mixed to form a whole, and be accommodated in the box 101 . It is also possible that all the battery cells 10 are directly connected in series or in parallel or mixed together, and then the whole battery cells 10 are accommodated in the box 101 .
  • the battery 100 may further include a bus component, through which the multiple battery cells 10 may be electrically connected to achieve series, parallel, or mixed connection of the multiple battery cells 10 .
  • the bus component may be a metal conductor, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, etc.
  • Figure 3 is an exploded view of the battery cell 10 provided in some embodiments of the present application
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the battery cell 10 provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cell 10 may include a housing 11 , a pressure relief mechanism 12 , an electrode lead-out part 13 , an electrode assembly 14 and an adapter 15 .
  • the housing 11 is a component for housing the electrode assembly 14 .
  • the housing 11 can be in various shapes, such as cylinder, cuboid, etc.
  • the housing 11 may include a housing 111 and a cover 112.
  • the cover 112 covers the opening of the housing 111.
  • the cover 112 and the housing 111 jointly define a sealed space.
  • the housing 111 may be a hollow structure with an opening formed at one end, or the housing 111 may be a hollow structure with openings formed at two opposite ends.
  • the housing 111 can be made of various materials, such as copper, iron, aluminum, steel, aluminum alloy, etc.
  • the cover 112 is a component that closes the opening of the case 111 to isolate the internal environment of the battery cell 10 from the external environment.
  • the cover 112 and the housing 111 jointly define a sealed space for accommodating the electrode assembly 14, electrolyte and other components.
  • the cover 112 can be connected to the housing 111 by welding or crimping to close the opening of the housing 111 .
  • the shape of the cover 112 can be adapted to the shape of the casing 111.
  • the casing 111 has a rectangular parallelepiped structure, and the cover 112 has a rectangular plate structure matching the casing 111.
  • the casing 111 has a cylindrical shape.
  • the cover body 112 is a circular plate-shaped structure that is adapted to the housing 111 .
  • the cover 112 can also be made of a variety of materials, such as copper, iron, aluminum, steel, aluminum alloy, etc.
  • the housing 111 is a hollow structure with openings formed at both ends
  • two covers 112 may be provided correspondingly.
  • the two covers 112 respectively close the two openings of the housing 111 .
  • the two covers 112 are in contact with the housing 111 jointly define a sealed space.
  • one cover 112 may be provided correspondingly.
  • the cover 112 closes the opening at one end of the housing 111 , and the cover 112 and the housing 111 jointly define a sealed space.
  • the electrode assembly 14 is a component in the battery cell 10 where electrochemical reactions occur.
  • the electrode assembly 14 may include a positive electrode piece, a negative electrode piece, and a separator.
  • the electrode assembly 14 may be a rolled structure formed by winding a positive electrode sheet, a separator film, and a negative electrode sheet.
  • the electrode assembly 14 is mainly formed by winding or stacking a positive electrode piece and a negative electrode piece, and usually an isolation film is provided between the positive electrode piece and the negative electrode piece. The isolation film is used to separate the positive electrode piece and the negative electrode piece. Avoid internal short circuit between positive and negative electrode pieces.
  • the portions of the positive electrode tab and the negative electrode tab that contain active material constitute the main body 141 , and the portions of the positive electrode tab and the negative electrode tab that do not contain active material constitute the tabs 142 respectively.
  • the positive electrode tab and the negative electrode tab may extend from one end of the main body 141 , or the positive electrode tab and the negative electrode tab may extend from two opposite ends of the main body 141 .
  • the pressure relief mechanism 12 is an element or component that is activated to relieve the internal pressure or temperature when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 10 reaches a threshold value. As shown in FIG. 3 , the pressure relief mechanism 12 can be provided on the cover 112 . In other embodiments, the pressure relief mechanism 12 can also be provided on the housing 111 .
  • the electrode extraction part 13 is a component for extracting electric energy from the battery cells 10 and is used to electrically connect with adjacent battery cells 10 or other conductive components.
  • the electrode lead-out part 13 may be a wall of the housing 11 .
  • the electrode lead-out portion 13 may also be an electrode terminal provided on the cover 112 .
  • the electrode lead-out portion 13 can also be provided on the housing 111 .
  • a first insulating member 161 is provided between the electrode lead-out part 13 and the housing 11 to insulate and isolate the electrode lead-out part 13 and the housing 11 .
  • the adapter 15 is a component that realizes the electrical connection between the electrode lead-out part 13 and the tab 142 .
  • a second insulating member 162 is provided between the adapter 15 and the housing 11 to insulate and isolate the adapter 15 and the housing 11 .
  • the second insulating member 162 melts due to the internal temperature of the battery cell 10 exceeding the melting point of the second insulating member 162 .
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the adapter 15 and the first wall 113 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 6 is an adapter provided by other embodiments of the present application.
  • 5 and 6 are schematic views along the thickness direction Z of the first wall 113 from the inside to the outside of the first wall 113 .
  • the present application provides a battery cell 10 , which includes a housing 11 , a pressure relief mechanism 12 , an electrode lead-out part 13 , an electrode assembly 14 and an adapter 15 .
  • the housing 11 includes a first wall 113
  • the pressure relief mechanism 12 is disposed on the first wall 113 .
  • the electrode lead-out part 13 is provided in the housing 11 .
  • the electrode assembly 14 is disposed in the housing 11 , and the electrode assembly 14 is provided with tabs 142 .
  • At least part of the adapter 15 is disposed between the pole lug 142 and the first wall 113 , and the electrode lead-out part 13 and the pole lug 142 are electrically connected through the adapter 15 .
  • the projection of the adapter 15 on the first wall 113 does not overlap with at least a part of the pressure relief mechanism 12 .
  • the direction indicated by letter Z is the thickness direction of the first wall 113 .
  • the electrode assembly 14 includes a main body 141 and tabs 142 extending from the main body 141 .
  • the tabs 142 may extend from both sides of the main body part 141 or from one side of the main body part 141 .
  • the electrode lead-out part 13 may be provided on the first wall 113 or in other areas of the housing 11 .
  • At least part of the adapter 15 is disposed between the pole lug 142 and the first wall 113 ” means that part of the adapter 15 is disposed between the pole lug 142 and the first wall 113 , or that the entire adapter piece is disposed on the pole. between ear 142 and first wall 113.
  • the adapter 15 when the extending direction of the tab 142 from the main body portion 141 is parallel to the thickness direction Z of the first wall 113, along the thickness direction Z of the first wall 113 Z, the adapter 15 is all located between the electrode assembly 14 and the first wall 113; when the extension direction of the tab 142 from the main body 141 is perpendicular to the thickness direction Z of the first wall 113, one end of the adapter 15 is connected
  • the tabs 142 are located along the thickness direction Z of the first wall 113 , between this part of the adapter 15 and the electrode assembly 14 and the first wall 113 .
  • the projection of the adapter 15 on the first wall 113 does not overlap with at least a part of the pressure relief mechanism 12 means that, as shown in FIG. 5 , the projection of the adapter 15 on the first wall 113 does not overlap with the pressure relief mechanism 12 A part of the pressure relief mechanism 12 overlaps and does not overlap with the other part of the pressure relief mechanism 12. In other words, the adapter 15 partially blocks the pressure relief mechanism 12; or, as shown in Figure 6, the projection of the adapter 15 on the first wall 113 It does not overlap with the pressure relief mechanism 12 at all. In other words, the adapter 15 does not block the pressure relief mechanism 12 .
  • the projection of the adapter 15 on the first wall 113 does not overlap with at least a part of the pressure relief mechanism 12.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the adapter 15 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the adapter is in an expanded state.
  • the adapter 15 includes a first connection part 151 and a second connection part 152.
  • the first connection part 151 is connected to the electrode lead-out part 13, and the second connection part 152 is connected to the pole lug 142.
  • 152 is formed with a first hollow portion 1521, and along the thickness direction Z, the projection of the pressure relief mechanism 12 on the second connecting portion 152 at least partially falls into the first hollow portion 1521.
  • the first connection part 151 is a part of the adapter 15 used for electrical connection with the electrode lead part 13 .
  • the first connection part 151 and the electrode lead part 13 can be welded, or the first connection part 151 and the electrode lead part 13 can be welded. Connected via conductive glue.
  • the second connection portion 152 is a portion of the adapter 15 used for electrical connection with the tab 142 .
  • the second connection portion 152 and the tab 142 may be welded.
  • first connection part 151 and the second connection part 152 may be two ends of the adapter 15 in the length direction X, so as to facilitate the connection between the electrode lead part 13 and the adapter 15 Electrical connection of tab 142.
  • the first hollow part 1521 is a hollowed out part of the second connecting part 152.
  • the first hollow part 1521 penetrates the second connecting part 152 along the thickness direction Z of the first wall 113 and has the function of avoiding air.
  • the gas can pass from the first wall 113 to the second connecting part 152.
  • the void 1521 passes through the second connection.
  • the projection of the pressure relief mechanism 12 on the second connection part 152 at least partially falls into the first avoidance part 1521 may include two situations, one is that the pressure relief mechanism 12 is on the second connection part 152 The projection part falls into the first avoidance part 1521, that is, the projection of the pressure relief mechanism 12 partially overlaps with the first avoidance part 1521; the other is the projection of the pressure relief mechanism 12 on the second connection part 152 All fall into the first avoidance part 1521. At this time, the pressure relief mechanism 12 and the first avoidance part 1521 have the largest overlapping area.
  • the first avoidance part 1521 is a hollowed out part of the second connection part 152. Since the projection of the pressure relief mechanism 12 on the second connection part 152 at least partially falls into the first avoidance part 1521, the battery cell is When the body 10 undergoes thermal runaway, the first avoidance portion 1521 can reduce the risk of the adapter 15 blocking or blocking the pressure relief mechanism 12 so as to facilitate pressure relief by the pressure relief mechanism 12 .
  • Figure 8 is a schematic assembly diagram of the adapter 15 and the first wall 113 provided in some embodiments of the present application. According to some embodiments of the present application, along the thickness direction Z, the projection of the pressure relief mechanism 12 on the second connection part 152 all falls into the first avoidance part 1521, the area of the first avoidance part 1521 is S1, and the pressure relief mechanism The area of 12 is S2, satisfying S1 ⁇ S2.
  • the area S1 of the first hollow portion 1521 refers to the area of the first hollow portion 1521 on a plane perpendicular to the thickness direction Z.
  • the area S2 of the pressure relief mechanism 12 refers to the area of the pressure relief mechanism 12 projected onto the electrode assembly 14 along the thickness direction Z.
  • the area of the pressure relief mechanism 12 may be the area of the mounting hole.
  • the projection of the pressure relief mechanism 12 on the second connection part 152 all falls into the first avoidance part 1521, and the area S1 of the first avoidance part 1521 is greater than or equal to the area S2 of the pressure relief mechanism 12, so that it can When the battery cell 10 is thermally runaway, the risk of the adapter 15 blocking the pressure relief mechanism 12 is effectively reduced, ensuring that the pressure relief mechanism 12 releases pressure in a timely manner.
  • the area of the first avoidance part 1521 is S1
  • the area S3 of the second connection part 152 satisfies 0 ⁇ S1/S3 ⁇ 0.75.
  • the area S3 of the second connecting portion 152 is the area of the second connecting portion 152 on a plane perpendicular to the thickness direction Z.
  • S1/S3 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.75, etc.
  • the ratio of the area S1 of the first shelter 1521 to the area S3 of the second connection part 152 satisfies the above relationship.
  • it can ensure that the first shelter 1521 and the pressure relief mechanism 12 have a large overlapping area. Reducing the obstruction to the gas inside the battery cell 10 facilitates the smooth flow of gas toward the pressure relief mechanism 12.
  • it ensures that the second connecting portion 152 and the tab 142 have a larger connection area to facilitate current transmission.
  • the second connection part 152 is likely to block and block the pressure relief mechanism 12 , affecting the pressure relief of the pressure relief mechanism 12 . If the area of the first avoidance part 1521 is too large, the connection area between the second connection part 152 and the tab 142 is too small, which affects the transmission of current.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of the adapter 15 provided in other embodiments of the present application.
  • the first avoidance portion 1521 is a notch provided at the edge of the second connection portion 152 .
  • the first hollow portion 1521 is a notch provided at the edge of the second connecting portion 152 . It can be understood that the first hollow portion 1521 is formed by cutting off a partial area from the edge of the second connecting portion 152 .
  • the shape of the first hollow portion 1521 can be set according to the shape of the pressure relief mechanism 12 so that the first hollow portion 1521 and the pressure relief mechanism 12 have a larger overlapping area.
  • the first avoidance part 1521 is a notch, which has a simple structure and is easy to process. At the same time, it facilitates the flow of gas toward the pressure relief mechanism 12 .
  • the first avoidance part 1521 may also be a through hole provided in the second connection part 152.
  • the first avoidance part 1521 penetrates the second connection part 152 along the thickness direction Z.
  • the thickness of the second connection part 152 The direction is parallel to the thickness direction Z of the first wall 113 .
  • the second connecting portion 152 is arranged parallel to the first wall 113 .
  • the adapter 15 further includes a third connection part 153, and the third connection part 153 connects the first connection part 151 and the second connection part 152,
  • the first avoidance portion 1521 is located at one end of the second connecting portion 152 away from the connection between the second connecting portion 152 and the third connecting portion 153 .
  • the third connection part 153 is the part of the adapter 15 that connects the first connection part 151 and the second connection part 152 .
  • the first connection part 151 , the third connection part 153 and the third connection part 153 are along the length of the adapter 15
  • Direction X is set in turn.
  • the adapter 15 is bent, that is, the adapter 15 can be in a Z-shape, and the third connecting portion 153 is bent relative to the first connecting portion 151 and the second connecting portion 152 .
  • the projection of the first connection part 151 does not overlap with the pressure relief mechanism 12, and the projection of the third connection part 153 does not overlap with the pressure relief mechanism 12.
  • the projection of the second connection part 152 does not overlap with at least a part of the pressure relief mechanism 12.
  • the projection of the pressure relief mechanism 12 on the adapter 15 only falls into the second connection part 152, and the pressure relief mechanism 12 is on the second connection part 152.
  • the projection on the connecting portion 152 at least partially falls into the first avoidance portion 1521 .
  • the second connection part 152 may block the pressure relief mechanism 12 , but the first connection part 151 and the third connection part 153 will not block the pressure relief mechanism 12 .
  • the first avoidance part 1521 is located at an end of the second connection part 152 away from the connection between the second connection part 152 and the third connection part 153 .
  • the first avoidance part 1521 is located at the second connection part 152 .
  • the third connecting part 153 blocks the first avoidance part 1521 in a small or no blocking area.
  • the first avoidance part 1521 is located at one end of the second connection part 152 away from the connection part of the second connection part 152 and the third connection part 153, so as to facilitate the processing of the first avoidance part 1521 and at the same time reduce the cost of the second connection part 152.
  • the three connecting parts 153 block the first avoidance part 1521.
  • the first avoidance portion 1521 has a first edge 1521a and a second edge 1521b, and the first edge 1521a and the second edge 1521b are arranged at an angle, or, As shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 , the edge of the first avoidance portion 1521 is arc-shaped.
  • the first edge 1521a and the second edge 1521b are two edges that form the first avoidance part 1521.
  • the first edge 1521a and the second edge 1521b are arranged at an angle.
  • the first edge 1521a and the second edge 1521b intersect, and the extension tracks of the first edge 1521a and the second edge 1521b may be straight lines.
  • the extension tracks of the first edge 1521a and the second edge 1521b may also be curves.
  • the projection of the first hollow portion 1521 on the first wall 113 covers the pressure relief mechanism 12 , that is, the pressure relief mechanism 12 is located on the projection of the first edge 1521 a on the first wall 113 and The second edge 1521b is between the projections on the first wall 113 .
  • the angle between the first edge 1521a and the second edge 1521b can be determined according to the shape of the pressure relief mechanism 12, as long as the pressure relief mechanism 12 is located between the projection of the first edge 1521a and the projection of the second edge 1521b. .
  • the shape of the pressure relief mechanism 12 is circular
  • the edge of the first avoidance portion 1521 is arc-shaped, and along the thickness direction Z, the projection of the arc on the first wall 113 can be a circle concentric with the pressure relief mechanism 12 Arc shape, at this time, the area of the first avoidance portion 1521 can be greater than or equal to the area of the pressure relief mechanism 12 to reduce the risk of the second connection portion 152 blocking the pressure relief mechanism 12 .
  • the first avoidance part 1521 when the first edge 1521a and the second edge 1521b are arranged at an angle, the first avoidance part 1521 has a larger area, which can facilitate the gas to pass through the first avoidance part 1521 and ensure that the gas moves toward the pressure relief part.
  • the mechanism 12 flows smoothly; the edge of the first avoidance part 1521 is arc-shaped, which facilitates processing.
  • the size of the first avoidance part 1521 on the second connection part 152 can be designed to be smaller to ensure that the second connection part 152 It has a larger connection area with the pole lug 142 .
  • the second connection part 152 includes a main body area 1522 and two connection areas 1523 , the two connection areas 1523 are connected to the tabs 142 , and the first avoidance part 1521 Located between two connection areas 1523.
  • connection area 1523 is an area of the second connection part 152 used to connect with the tab 142 .
  • the connection area 1523 can be welded to the tab 142 to ensure the connection strength between the second connection part 152 and the tab 142 .
  • the two connection areas 1523 may be spaced apart to achieve connection with the tab 142 at two locations.
  • the connection area 1523 can be V-shaped, with the apex of the V facing the central axis of the electrode assembly 14. When the electrode assembly 14 is a rolled structure, the connection area 1523 can connect the inner and outer rings of the electrode assembly 14. Ji Er 142.
  • the first hollow portion 1521 may be a hollowed-out portion of the main body area 1522 .
  • the first avoidance part 1521 is located between the two connection areas 1523. It may be that along the arrangement direction of the two connection areas 1523, the connection area 1523, the first avoidance part 1521, and the other connection area 1523 are arranged in sequence.
  • the first avoidance portion 1521 is located between the two connection areas 1523 to ensure a stable connection between the second connection portion 152 and the tab 142 .
  • the pole lug 142 is formed with a second hollow portion 1421.
  • the projection of the second hollow portion 1421 on the first wall 113, the first hollow portion The projection of the portion 1521 on the first wall 113 at least partially overlaps the pressure relief mechanism 12 .
  • the second hollow part 1421 can be a hollowed-out part of the pole lug 142 , that is, at the second hollow part 1421 , the electrode assembly 14 does not extend beyond the pole lug 142 ; or, the second hollow part 1421 can be the height of the pole lug 142 In the lower area, when the battery cell 10 is thermally runaway, the gas inside the battery cell 10 can flow toward the pressure relief mechanism 12 through the second avoidance portion 1421 .
  • the electrode assembly 14 includes a main body 141 and a tab 142 extending from an end of the main body 141 .
  • the tab 142 can extend from an end of the main body 141 close to the first wall 113 .
  • the second hollow portion 1421 can be a lower height area of the flattened pole lug 142 , that is, the second hollow portion 1421 protrudes from the main body 141 at a height relative to other parts of the pole lug 142 .
  • the height of the area protruding from the tab 142 is low.
  • the flattened structure is the structural form after the tabs are flattened.
  • the tab flattening process refers to pressing down the upright tabs 142 so that the tabs 142 are in contact with each other to achieve better current collection.
  • the tabs 142 are relatively close to facilitate the connection between the tabs 142 and the adapter 15 .
  • the projection of the second avoidance part 1421 on the first wall 113 and the projection of the first avoidance part 1521 on the first wall 113 at least partially overlap with the pressure relief mechanism 12. In other words, along the vertical direction, the second avoidance part 1521 overlaps with the pressure relief mechanism 12.
  • the hollow part 1421, the first hollow part 1521 and the pressure relief mechanism 12 have overlapping areas.
  • Figure 10 is a top view of the battery cell 10 provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 10 is a simple schematic diagram, mainly showing the second avoidance part 1421, the first avoidance part 1521 and the pressure relief mechanism 12. projection relationship.
  • the projection of the first avoidance part 1521 on the electrode assembly 14 all falls into the second avoidance part 1421, the area of the second avoidance part 1421 is S4, and the first avoidance part 1421 has an area of S4.
  • the area of the empty portion 1521 is S1, and satisfies S4 ⁇ S1.
  • the area S4 of the second hollow portion 1421 is the area of the second hollow portion 1421 on a plane perpendicular to the thickness direction Z.
  • the projection of the first avoidance part 1521 on the electrode assembly 14 all falls into the second avoidance part 1421, and the area S4 of the second avoidance part 1421 is greater than or equal to the area S1 of the first avoidance part 1521. , can reduce the risk of the tab 142 blocking the first avoidance part 1521, facilitate the gas inside the battery cell 10 to flow through the first avoidance part 1521 toward the pressure relief mechanism 12, and ensure smooth gas flow.
  • the contour of the second hollow portion 1421 matches the contour of the first hollow portion 1521 .
  • the outline of the second avoidance part 1421 matches the outline of the first avoidance part 1521, and the projection of the first avoidance part 1521 on the electrode assembly 14 all falls into the second avoidance part 1421, so that the second avoidance part 1421 1421 may have a smaller area, and the pole lug 142 and the second connecting portion 152 may have a larger connection area.
  • the outline of the second avoidance part 1421 matches the outline of the first avoidance part 1521, which not only ensures that the risk of the first avoidance part 1521 being blocked by the pole lug 142 is small, but also ensures that the pole lug 142 is in contact with the third
  • the two connecting parts 152 have a larger connecting area.
  • the tab 142 is formed on an end of the electrode assembly 14 close to the first wall 113 , and the electrode lead-out portion 13 is provided on the first wall 113 .
  • the electrode assembly 14 includes a main body 141 and tabs 142 .
  • the tabs 142 extend from the end of the main body 141 close to the first wall 113 .
  • the electrode lead-out portion 13 is disposed on the first wall 113 .
  • the tabs 142 and the electrode lead-out portion 13 The distance between them is short to reduce the assembly space occupied by the adapter 15, thereby making the battery cell 10 compact and ensuring that the battery cell 10 has a high energy density.
  • the housing 11 may include a housing 111 and a cover 112 , the cover 112 being the first wall 113 , and the pressure relief mechanism 12 and the electrode lead-out part 13 may be disposed on the cover 112 .
  • the tab 142 is formed on one end of the electrode assembly 14 close to the cover 112 , and the adapter 15 is located between the tab 142 and the cover 112 , ensuring that the battery cell 10 has a compact structure.
  • the present application also provides a battery 100, as shown in Figure 2, including a box 101 and a plurality of battery cells 10 provided in any of the above embodiments, and the plurality of battery cells 10 are arranged in the box 101.
  • the present application also provides an electrical device, including the battery cell 10 provided in any of the above embodiments.
  • the battery cell 10 is used to provide electrical energy to the electrical device.
  • This application provides a cylindrical battery cell, which includes a casing 11, a pressure relief mechanism 12, an electrode lead-out part 13, an electrode assembly 14 and Adapter 15.
  • the housing 11 includes a housing 111 and a cover 112.
  • the housing 111 has an opening, the cover 112 closes the opening, and the cover 112 is the first wall 113.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 12 is provided on the first wall 113
  • the electrode lead-out part 13 is provided on the first wall 113 .
  • the electrode assembly 14 is disposed in the housing 111 .
  • the electrode assembly 14 includes a main body 141 and a tab 142 extending from an end of the main body 141 close to the first wall 113 .
  • the electrode assembly 14 may have a wound structure, and the tabs 142 may have a flattened structure.
  • the pole tab 142 is formed with a second hollow portion 1421 , and the second hollow portion 1421 is a hollowed-out portion of the pole tab 142 .
  • the adapter 15 is located between the tab 142 and the first wall 113.
  • the adapter 15 includes a first connection part 151, a second connection part 152 and a third connection part 153.
  • the first connection part 151 is connected to the electrode lead-out part 13.
  • the second connection part 152 is connected to the tab 142
  • the third connection part 153 is connected to the first connection part 151 and the second connection part 152 .
  • the second connection part 152 is formed with a first avoidance part 1521 , and the first avoidance part 1521 is a notch formed on the edge of the second connection part 152 .
  • the first avoidance part 1521 includes a first edge 1521a and a second edge 1521b. The first edge 1521a and the second edge 1521b are arranged at an included angle.
  • the projection of the second hollow portion 1421 on the first wall 113, the projection of the first hollow portion 1521 on the first wall 113 and the pressure relief mechanism 12 at least partially overlap, for example, Along the thickness direction Z, the projection of the pressure relief mechanism 12 on the second connecting part 152 all falls into the first avoidance part 1521, and the projection of the first avoidance part 1521 on the electrode assembly 14 all falls into the second avoidance part.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 12 when thermal runaway occurs, the pressure relief mechanism 12 is activated, and the second avoidance part 1421, the first avoidance part 1521 and the exhaust part of the pressure relief mechanism 12 form a gas channel, and the internal gas It can be discharged from the pressure relief mechanism 12 through the second avoidance part 1421 and the first avoidance part 1521, which improves the smoothness of gas flow, facilitates the pressure relief of the pressure relief mechanism 12, and has higher safety.

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  • Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)

Abstract

本申请实施例提供一种电池单体、电池及用电设备。该电池单体包括：外壳，包括第一壁；泄压机构，设置于所述第一壁；电极引出部，设置于所述外壳；电极组件，设置于所述外壳内，所述电极组件设置有极耳；转接件，至少部分所述转接件设置于所述极耳与所述第一壁之间，所述电极引出部和所述极耳通过所述转接件电连接；其中，沿所述第一壁的厚度方向，所述转接件在所述第一壁上的投影与所述泄压机构的至少一部分不重叠。该电池单体，具有较高的安全性。

Description

电池单体、电池及用电设备 技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，特别是涉及一种电池单体、电池及用电设备。
背景技术
节能减排是汽车产业可持续发展的关键，电动车辆由于其节能环保的优势成为汽车产业可持续发展的重要组成部分。对于电动车辆而言，电池技术又是关乎其发展的一项重要因素。
在电池技术的发展中，除了提高电池的能量密度外，安全性也是一个不可忽视的问题。因此，如何提高电池的安全性，是电池技术一个亟需解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本申请的目的在于提供一种电池单体、电池及用电设备。该电池单体，具有较高的安全性。
本申请是通过如下技术方案实现的：
第一方面，本申请提供了一种电池单体，包括：外壳，包括第一壁；泄压机构，设置于所述第一壁；电极引出部，设置于所述外壳；电极组件，设置于所述外壳内，所述电极组件设置有极耳；转接件，至少部分所述转接件设置于所述极耳与所述第一壁之间，所述电极引出部和所述极耳通过所述转接件电连接；其中，沿所述第一壁的厚度方向，所述转接件在所述第一壁上的投影与所述泄压机构的至少一部分不重叠。
根据本申请实施例的电池单体，转接件在第一壁上的投影与泄压机构的至少一部分不重叠，在电池单体发生热失控时，能够降低转接件遮挡、堵塞泄压机构的风险，以便于泄压机构泄压，使得电池单体具有较高的安全性。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述转接件包括第一连接部和第二连接部，所述第一连接部连接所述电极引出部，所述第二连接部连接所述极耳，所述第二连接部形成有第一避空部，沿所述厚度方向，所述泄压机构在所述第二连接部上的投影至少部分落入所述第一避空部。
在上述方案中，第一避空部为第二连接部的挖空部位，由于泄压机构在第二连接部上的投影至少部分落入第一避空部，在电池单体发生热失控时，第一避空部能够降低转接件遮挡、堵塞泄压机构的风险，以便于泄压机构泄压。
根据本申请的一些实施例，沿所述厚度方向，所述泄压机构在所述第二连接部上的投影全部落入所述第一避空部，所述第一避空部的面积为S1，所述泄压机构的面积为S2，满足S1≥S2。
在上述方案中，泄压机构在第二连接部上的投影全部落入第一避空部、且第一避空部的面积大于或等于泄压机构的面积，能够在电池单体热失控时有效降低转接件遮挡泄压机构的风险，保证泄压机构及时泄压。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述第一避空部的面积为S1，所述第二连接部的面积S3，满足0＜S1/S3≤0.75。
在上述方案中，第一避空部的面积与第二连接部的面积比值满足上述关系，一方面能够保证第一避空部与泄压机构具有较大的重叠面积，减少对电池单体内部气体的阻挡，便于气体朝向泄压机构流动顺畅，另一方面能够保证第二连接部与极耳具有较大的连接面积，以便于电流传输。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述第一避空部为设置于所述第二连接部的边缘的缺口。
在上述方案中，第一避空部为缺口，结构简单，便于加工，同时，便于气体朝向泄压机构流动。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述转接件还包括第三连接部，所述第三连接部连接所述第一连接部和所述第二连接部，所述第一避空部位于所述第二连接部的远离所述第二连接部与所述第三连接部连接部位的一端。
在上述方案中，第一避空部位于第二连接部的远离第二连接部和第三连接部连接部位的一端，以便于第一避空部的加工，同时，减少第三连接部对第一避空部的遮挡。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述第一避空部具有第一边缘和第二边缘，所述第一边缘与所述第二边缘呈夹角设置，或，所述第一避空部的边缘呈弧形。
在上述方案中，当第一边缘与第二边缘呈夹角设置时，第一避空部具有较大的面积，能够便于气体穿过第一避空部，保证气体朝向泄压机构流动顺畅；第一避空部的边缘呈弧形，便于加工，同时，第一避空部在第二连接部上的尺寸可以设计地较小，以保证第二连接部与极耳具有较大的连接面积。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述第二连接部包括主体区和两个连接区，所述两个连接区与所述极耳连接，所述第一避空部位于所述两个连接区之间。
在上述方案中，第一避空部位于两个连接区之间，以保证第二连接部与极耳连接稳定。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述极耳形成有第二避空部，沿所述厚度方向，所述第二避空部在所述第一壁上的投影、所述第一避空部在所述第一壁上的投影与所述泄压机构至少部分重叠。
在上述方案中，第二避空部在第一壁上的投影、第一避空部在第一壁上的投影与泄压机构至少部分重叠，以便于电池单体内部的气体朝向泄压机构流动顺畅，降低泄压机构被遮挡的风险。
根据本申请的一些实施例，沿所述厚度方向，所述第一避空部在所述电极组件上的投影全部落入所述第二避空部，所述第二避空部的面积为S4，所述第一避空部的面积为S1，满足S4≥S1。
在上述方案中，第一避空部在电极组件上的投影全部落入第二避空部、且第二避空部的面积大于或等于第一避空部的面积，能够降低极耳堵塞第一避空部的风险，便于电池单体内部的气体穿过第一避空部朝向泄压机构流动，保证气体流动顺畅。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述第二避空部的轮廓与所述第一避空部的轮廓相匹配。
在上述方案中，第二避空部的轮廓与第一避空部的轮廓相匹配，既保证第一避空部被极耳遮挡的风险较小，又保证极耳与第二连接部具有较大的连接面积。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述极耳形成于所述电极组件的靠近所述第一壁的一端，所述电极引出部设置于所述第一壁。
在上述方案中，极耳形成于电极组件的靠近第一壁的一端，电极引出部设置于第一壁，使得电池单体的结构紧凑，保证电池单体具有较高的能量密度。
第二方面，本申请提供了一种电池，包括箱体和多个如上述实施例提供的电池单体，多个所述电池单体设置于所述箱体内。
第三方面，本申请提供了一种用电设备，包括如上述实施例提供的电池单体。
本申请的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，部分将从下面的描述中变得明显，或通过本申请的实践了解到。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对本申请实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆的结构示意图；
图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池的爆炸图；
图3为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的爆炸图；
图4为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的剖视图；
图5为本申请一些实施例提供的转接件与第一壁的装配示意图；
图6为本申请另一些实施例提供的转接件与第一壁的装配示意图；
图7为本申请一些实施例提供的转接件的结构示意图；
图8为本申请又一些实施例提供的转接件与第一壁的装配示意图；
图9为本申请另一些实施例提供的转接件的结构示意图；
图10为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的俯视图；
在附图中，附图并未按照实际的比例绘制。
标记说明：100-电池；101-箱体；1011-第一部分；1012-第二部分；10-电池单体；11-外壳；111-壳体；112-盖体；113-第一壁；12-泄压机构；13-电极引出部；14-电极组件；141-主体部；142-极耳；1421-第二避空部；15-转接件；151-第一连接部；152-第二连接部；1521-第一避空部；1521a-第一边缘；1521b-第二边缘；1522-主体区； 1523-连接区；153-第三连接部；161-第一绝缘件；162-第二绝缘件；200-控制器；300-马达；1000-车辆。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
除非另有定义，本申请所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本申请中在申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。本申请的说明书和权利要求书或上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别不同对象，而不是用于描述特定顺序或主次关系。
在本申请中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“附接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
在本申请的实施例中，相同的附图标记表示相同的部件，并且为了简洁，在不同实施例中，省略对相同部件的详细说明。应理解，附图示出的本申请实施例中的各种部件的厚度、长宽等尺寸，以及集成装置的整体厚度、长宽等尺寸仅为示例性说明，而不应对本申请构成任何限定。
本申请中出现的“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)。
本申请中，电池单体可以包括锂离子二次电池、锂离子一次电池、锂硫电池、钠锂离子电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。
本申请的实施例所提到的电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。例如，本申请中所提到的电池可以包括电池模块。电池一般包括用于封装一个或多个电池单体的箱体。箱体可以避免液体或其他异物影响电池单体的充电或放电。
[0058]电池单体包括电极组件和电解液，电极组件由正极极片、负极极片和隔离膜组成。电池单体主要依靠金属离子在正极极片和负极极片之间移动来工作。正极极片包括正极集流体和正极活性物质层，正极活性物质层涂覆于正极集流体的表面， 未涂敷正极活性物质层的正极集流体凸出于已涂覆正极活性物质层的正极集流体，未涂敷正极活性物质层的正极集流体作为正极极耳。以锂离子电池为例，正极集流体的材料可以为铝，正极活性物质可以为钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂、三元锂或锰酸锂等。负极极片包括负极集流体和负极活性物质层，负极活性物质层涂覆于负极集流体的表面，未涂敷负极活性物质层的负极集流体凸出于已涂覆负极活性物质层的负极集流体，未涂敷负极活性物质层的负极集流体作为负极极耳。负极集流体的材料可以为铜，负极活性物质可以为碳或硅等。为了保证通过大电流而不发生熔断，正极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起，负极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起。隔离膜的材质可以为PP(polypropylene，聚丙烯)或PE(polyethylene，聚乙烯)等。
电池单体还包括外壳、电极端子和转接件，电极端子设置于外壳，电极组件和电解液设置于外壳内，转接件连接电极组件的极耳和电极端子，转接件和外壳之间通常设置有绝缘件，以绝缘隔离转接件和外壳。
电池技术的发展要同时考虑多方面的设计因素，例如，能量密度、循环寿命、放电容量、充放电倍率等性能参数，另外，还需要考虑电池的安全性。
泄压机构是电池单体的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放内部压力或温度的元件或部件。泄压机构可以采用诸如防爆阀、气阀、泄压阀或安全阀等的形式，并可以具体采用压敏或温敏的元件或构造，即，当电池单体的内部压力或温度达到预定阈值时，泄压机构执行动作或者泄压机构中设有的薄弱结构被破坏，从而形成可供内部压力或温度泄放的开口或通道。
本申请中所提到的“致动”是指泄压机构产生动作或被激活至一定的状态，从而使得电池单体的内部压力或温度得以被泄放。泄压机构产生的动作可以包括但不限于：泄压机构中的至少一部分破裂、破碎、被撕裂或者打开，等等。以此方式能够在可控压力或温度的情况下使电池单体发生泄压或泄温，从而避免潜在的更严重的事故发生。
电池单体上的泄压机构对电池的安全性有着重要影响。例如，当发生短路、过充等现象时，可能会导致电池单体内部发生热失控从而压力或温度骤升。这种情况下通过泄压机构致动可以将内部压力及温度向外释放，以防止电池单体爆炸、起火。
现有技术中，电池单体即使设置了泄压机构，电池单体还是容易爆炸、起火。发明人经过研究发现，导致上述问题的原因是：由于绝缘件的熔点相对于转接件的熔点较低，当电池单体发生热失控时，位于转接件和外壳之间的绝缘件熔化，泄压机构致动排气，排气时，转接件因气流的作用容易发生形变，遮挡泄压机构，堵塞电池单体的排气部位，使得电池单体内部压力无法释放，导致电池单体爆炸、起火。
鉴于此，为了解决电池单体热失控时转接件发生形变而遮挡泄压机构，导致电池单体的安全性较差的问题，发明人经过深入研究，设计了一种电池单体，在外壳的第一壁设置泄压机构，沿第一壁的厚度方向，转接件在第一壁上的投影与泄压机构的至少一部分不重叠，在电池单体发生热失控时降低转接件遮挡泄压机构的风险，使得电池单体具有较高的安全性。
在这样的电池单体中，转接件在第一壁上的投影与泄压机构的至少一部分不重 叠，即使在电池单体热失控时转接片发生形变，转接件遮挡泄压机构的区域较小甚至不会遮挡泄压机构，以便于泄压机构泄压，提高了电池单体的安全性。
本申请实施例公开的电池单体可以但不限用于车辆、船舶或飞行器等用电设备中。可以使用具备本申请公开的电池单体、电池等组成该用电设备的电源系统。
本申请实施例提供一种使用电池作为电源的用电设备，用电设备可以为但不限于车辆、手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、轮船、航天器、电动玩具和电动工具等等。车辆可以是燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等；航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等；电动玩具包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等；电动工具包括金属切削电动工具、研磨电动工具、装配电动工具和铁道用电动工具，例如，电钻、电动砂轮机、电动扳手、电动螺丝刀、电锤、冲击电钻、混凝土振动器和电刨等等。本申请实施例对上述用电设备不做特殊限制。
以下实施例为了方便说明，以用电设备为车辆为例进行说明。
请参照图1，图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆1000的结构示意图。车辆1000的内部设置有电池100，电池100可以设置在车辆1000的底部或头部或尾部。电池100可以用于车辆1000的供电，例如，电池100可以作为车辆1000的操作电源。
车辆1000还可以包括控制器200和马达300，控制器200用来控制电池100为马达300供电，例如，用于车辆1000的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在本申请一些实施例中，电池100不仅仅可以作为车辆1000的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1000的驱动电源，代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气为车辆1000提供驱动动力。
请参照图2，图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池100的爆炸图。电池100包括箱体101和多个电池单体10，多个电池单体10设置于箱体101内。
其中，箱体101是容纳电池单体10的部件，箱体101为电池单体10提供容纳空间，箱体101可以采用多种结构。在一些实施例中，箱体101可以包括第一部分1011和第二部分1012，第一部分1011与第二部分1012相互盖合，以限定出用于容纳电池单体10的容纳空间。第一部分1011和第二部分1012可以是多种形状，例如，长方体、圆柱体等。第一部分1011可以是一侧开放的空心结构，第二部分1012也可以是一侧开放的空心结构，第二部分1012的开放侧盖合于第一部分1011的开放侧，则形成具有容纳空间的箱体101。也可以是第一部分1011为一侧开放的空心结构，第二部分1012为板状结构，第二部分1012盖合于第一部分1011的开放侧，则形成具有容纳空间的箱体101。第一部分1011与第二部分1012可以通过密封元件来实现密封，密封元件可以是密封圈、密封胶等。
在电池100中，多个电池单体10之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体10中既有串联又有并联。可以是多个电池单体10先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块，多个电池模块再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体101内。也可以是所有电池单体10之间直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将所有电池单体10构成的整体容纳于箱体101内。
在一些实施例中，电池100还可以包括汇流部件，多个电池单体10之间可通过汇流部件实现电连接，以实现多个电池单体10的串联或并联或混联。汇流部件可以是金属导体，例如，铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金等。
请参照图3和图4，图3为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体10的爆炸图，图4为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体10的剖视图。电池单体10可以包括外壳11、泄压机构12、电极引出部13、电极组件14和转接件15。
外壳11是用于容纳电极组件14的部件。外壳11可以是多种形状，例如，圆柱体、长方体等。外壳11可以包括壳体111和盖体112，盖体112盖合于壳体111的开口，盖体112与壳体111共同限定出密封空间。
其中，壳体111可以是一端形成开口的空心结构，壳体111也可以是相对的两端形成开口的空心结构。壳体111的材质可以是多种，例如，铜、铁、铝、钢、铝合金等。
盖体112是封闭壳体111的开口以将电池单体10的内部环境与外部环境隔绝的部件。盖体112与壳体111共同限定出用于容纳电极组件14、电解液以及其他部件的密封空间。盖体112可以通过焊接或卷封的方式连接于壳体111，以封闭壳体111的开口。盖体112的形状可以与壳体111的形状相适配，例如，壳体111为长方体结构，盖体112为与壳体111相适配的矩形板状结构，再如，壳体111为圆柱体，盖体112为与壳体111相适配的圆形板状结构。盖体112的材质也可以是多种，例如，铜、铁、铝、钢、铝合金等。
在电池单体10中，盖体112可以是一个，也可以是两个。在壳体111为两端形成开口的空心结构的实施例中，盖体112可以对应设置两个，两个盖体112分别封闭壳体111的两个开口，两个盖体112与壳体111共同限定出密封空间。在壳体111为一端开口的空心结构的实施例中，盖体112可以对应设置一个，盖体112封闭壳体111一端的开口，一个盖体112与壳体111共同限定出密封空间。
电极组件14是电池单体10中发生电化学反应的部件。电极组件14可以包括正极极片、负极极片和隔离膜。电极组件14可以是由正极极片、隔离膜和负极极片通过卷绕形成的卷绕式结构。电极组件14主要由正极极片和负极极片卷绕或层叠放置形成，并且通常在正极极片和负极极片之间设置有隔离膜，隔离膜用于分隔正极极片和负极极片，以避免正极极片和负极极片内接短路。正极极片和负极极片具有活性物质的部分构成主体部141，正极极片和负极极片不具有活性物质的部分各自构成极耳142。正极极耳和负极极耳可以从主体部141的一个端部延伸出，或者，正极极耳和负极极耳也可以从主体部141的相对的两个端部延伸出。
泄压机构12是电池单体10的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放内部压力或温度的元件或部件。如图3所示，泄压机构12可以设置于盖体112。在其他实施例中，泄压机构12也可以设置于壳体111。
电极引出部13是电池单体10的电能引出的部件，用于与相邻的电池单体10或者其他导电部件电连接。电极引出部13可以为外壳11的一个壁。如图3所示，电极引出部13也可以为设置于盖体112的电极端子，。在其他实施例中，电极引出部13 也可以设置于壳体111。如图4所示，电极引出部13与外壳11之间设置有第一绝缘件161，以绝缘隔离电极引出部13与外壳11。
转接件15是实现电极引出部13和极耳142电连接的部件。如图4所示，转接件15与外壳11之间设置有第二绝缘件162，以绝缘隔离转接件15与外壳11。当电池单体10热失控时，由于电池单体10内部温度且超过第二绝缘件162的熔点，第二绝缘件162熔化。
请参见图4，并进一步参见图5和图6，图5为本申请一些实施例提供的转接件15与第一壁113的装配示意图，图6为本申请另一些实施例提供的转接件15与第一壁113的装配示意图，图5和图6为沿第一壁113的厚度方向Z从第一壁113的内侧向外侧方向的示意图。根据本申请的一些实施例，本申请提供了一种电池单体10，该电池单体10包括外壳11、泄压机构12、电极引出部13、电极组件14及转接件15。外壳11包括第一壁113，泄压机构12设置于第一壁113。电极引出部13设置于外壳11。电极组件14设置于外壳11内，电极组件14设置有极耳142。至少部分转接件15设置于极耳142与第一壁113之间，电极引出部13和极耳142通过转接件15电连接。其中，沿第一壁113的厚度方向，转接件15在第一壁113上的投影与泄压机构12的至少一部分不重叠。
图中，字母Z所指示的方向为第一壁113的厚度方向。
电极组件14包括主体部141和从主体部141延伸出的极耳142。极耳142可以从主体部141的两侧延伸出，也可以从主体部141的一侧延伸出。
电极引出部13可以设置于第一壁113，也可以设置于外壳11的其他区域。
“至少部分转接件15设置于极耳142和第一壁113之间”是指，部分转接件15设置于极耳142和第一壁113之间，或者，转接片整体设置于极耳142和第一壁113之间。例如，在电极引出部13设置于第一壁113的实施例中，当极耳142从主体部141的延伸出方向与第一壁113的厚度方向Z平行时，沿第一壁113的厚度方向Z，转接件15全部位于电极组件14和第一壁113之间；当极耳142从主体部141的延伸出方向与第一壁113的厚度方向Z垂直时，转接件15的一端连接极耳142，沿第一壁113的厚度方向Z，该部分转接件15部位与电极组件14和第一壁113之间。
“转接件15在第一壁113上的投影与泄压机构12的至少一部分不重叠”是指，如图5所示，转接件15在第一壁113上的投影与泄压机构12的一部分重叠，与泄压机构12的另一部分不重叠，换句话说，转接件15部分遮挡泄压机构12；或者，如图6所示，转接件15在第一壁113上的投影与泄压机构12完全不重叠，换句话说，转接件15不遮挡泄压机构12。
根据本申请实施例的电池单体10，沿第一壁113的厚度方向Z，转接件15在第一壁113上的投影与泄压机构12的至少一部分不重叠，在电池单体10发生热失控时，泄压机构12致动，转接件15遮挡、堵塞泄压机构12的风险较低，以便于泄压机构12泄放电池单体10内部压力，从而提高了电池单体10的安全性。
请参见图4，并进一步参见图7，图7为本申请一些实施例提供的转接件15的结构示意图，图7中转接件为展开状态。根据本申请的一些实施例，转接件15包括第 一连接部151和第二连接部152，第一连接部151连接电极引出部13，第二连接部152连接极耳142，第二连接部152形成有第一避空部1521，沿厚度方向Z，泄压机构12在第二连接部152上的投影至少部分落入第一避空部1521。
第一连接部151是转接件15的用于与电极引出部13电连接的部位，例如，第一连接部151与电极引出部13可以焊接，或者第一连接部151与电极引出部13可以通过导电胶连接。
第二连接部152是转接件15的用于与极耳142电连接的部位，例如，第二连接部152与极耳142可以焊接。
在一些实施例中，如图7所示，第一连接部151和第二连接部152可以是转接件15的长度方向X的两端，以便于通过转接件15实现电极引出部13与极耳142的电连接。
第一避空部1521为第二连接部152的挖空部位，第一避空部1521沿第一壁113的厚度方向Z贯穿第二连接部152，具有避让空气的作用，气体能够从第一避空部1521穿过第二连接。
“沿厚度方向Z，泄压机构12在第二连接部152上的投影至少部分落入第一避空部1521”可以包括两种情况，一种为，泄压机构12在第二连接部152上的投影部分落入第一避空部1521，也即，泄压机构12的投影与第一避空部1521部分重叠；另一种为，泄压机构12在第二连接部152上的投影全部落入第一避空部1521，此时，泄压机构12与第一避空部1521具有最大的重叠面积。
在上述方案中，第一避空部1521为第二连接部152的挖空部位，由于泄压机构12在第二连接部152上的投影至少部分落入第一避空部1521，在电池单体10发生热失控时，第一避空部1521能够降低转接件15遮挡、堵塞泄压机构12的风险，以便于泄压机构12泄压。
请参见图6，并进一步参见图8，图8为本申请又一些实施例提供的转接件15与第一壁113的装配示意图。根据本申请的一些实施例，沿厚度方向Z，泄压机构12在第二连接部152上的投影全部落入第一避空部1521，第一避空部1521的面积为S1，泄压机构12的面积为S2，满足S1≥S2。
第一避空部1521的面积S1是指，第一避空部1521在垂直于厚度方向Z的平面上的面积。
泄压机构12的面积S2是指，沿厚度方向Z，泄压机构12在电极组件14上投影的面积。或者，当第一壁113设置有安装泄压机构12的安装孔时，泄压机构12的面积可以为安装孔的面积。
在上述方案中，泄压机构12在第二连接部152上的投影全部落入第一避空部1521、且第一避空部1521的面积S1大于或等于泄压机构12的面积S2，能够在电池单体10热失控时有效降低转接件15遮挡泄压机构12的风险，保证泄压机构12及时泄压。
根据本申请的一些实施例，第一避空部1521的面积为S1，第二连接部152的面积S3，满足0＜S1/S3≤0.75。
第二连接部152的面积S3为第二连接部152在垂直于厚度方向Z的平面上的面积。
可选地，S1/S3＝0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、0.6、0.7、0.75等。
在上述方案中，第一避空部1521的面积S1与第二连接部152的面积S3比值满足上述关系，一方面能够保证第一避空部1521与泄压机构12具有较大的重叠面积，减少对电池单体10内部气体的阻挡，便于气体朝向泄压机构12流动顺畅，另一方面能够保证第二连接部152与极耳142具有较大的连接面积，以便于电流传输。如果第一避空部1521的面积过小，则第二连接部152的其他区域与泄压机构12具有较大的重叠面积，第二连接部152容易遮挡泄压机构12，在电池单体10热失控时，第二连接部152容易遮挡、堵塞泄压机构12，影响泄压机构12泄压。如果第一避空部1521的面积过大，则第二连接部152与极耳142的连接面积过小，影响电流的传输。
请参见图6至图8，并进一步参见图9，图9为本申请另一些实施例提供的转接件15的结构示意图。根据本申请的一些实施例，第一避空部1521为设置于第二连接部152的边缘的缺口。
第一避空部1521为设置于第二连接部152的边缘的缺口，可以理解为，第一避空部1521由第二连接部152的边缘裁切部分区域后形成。第一避空部1521的形状可以根据泄压机构12的形状设置，以便于第一避空部1521与泄压机构12具有较大的重叠面积。
在上述方案中，第一避空部1521为缺口，结构简单，便于加工，同时，便于气体朝向泄压机构12流动。
在一些实施例中，第一避空部1521还可以为设置于第二连接部152的通孔，第一避空部1521沿厚度方向Z贯穿第二连接部152，第二连接部152的厚度方向与第一壁113的厚度方向Z平行，换句话说，第二连接部152与第一壁113平行设置。
根据本申请的一些实施例，如图4、图7和图9所示，转接件15还包括第三连接部153，第三连接部153连接第一连接部151和第二连接部152，第一避空部1521位于第二连接部152的远离第二连接部152与第三连接部153连接部位的一端。
第三连接部153为转接件15的连接第一连接部151和第二连接部152的部位，第一连接部151、第三连接部153和第三连接部153沿转接件15的长度方向X依次设置。为了节省装配空间，转接件15折弯设置，也即，转接件15可以呈Z字形，第三连接部153相对于第一连接部151和第二连接部152折弯。沿厚度方向Z，转接件15在第一壁113上的投影中，第一连接部151的投影与泄压机构12不重叠，第三连接部153的投影与泄压机构12不重叠，第二连接部152的投影与泄压机构12至少一部分不重叠，换句话说，泄压机构12在转接件15的上的投影仅落入第二连接部152，且泄压机构12在第二连接部152上的投影至少部分落入第一避空部1521。在电池单体10发生热失控时，第二连接部152可能会遮挡泄压机构12，而第一连接部151和第三连接部153不会遮挡泄压机构12。
第一避空部1521位于第二连接部152的远离第二连接部152与第三连接部153连接部位的一端，换句话说，当转接件15展开时，第一避空部1521位于第二连接 部152的远离第三连接部153的一端。此种情况下，转接件15连接电极引出部13和极耳142后，沿厚度方向Z，第三连接部153对第一避空部1521的遮挡面积较小甚至没有遮挡。
在上述方案中，第一避空部1521位于第二连接部152的远离第二连接部152和第三连接部153连接部位的一端，以便于第一避空部1521的加工，同时，减少第三连接部153对第一避空部1521的遮挡。
根据本申请的一些实施例，如图6和图7所示，第一避空部1521具有第一边缘1521a和第二边缘1521b，第一边缘1521a与第二边缘1521b呈夹角设置，或，如图8和图9所示，第一避空部1521的边缘呈弧形。
第一边缘1521a和第二边缘1521b为组成第一避空部1521的两个边缘。第一边缘1521a与第二边缘1521b呈夹角设置，换句话说，第一边缘1521a与第二边缘1521b相交，第一边缘1521a和第二边缘1521b的延伸轨迹可以为直线。或者，第一边缘1521a和第二边缘1521b的延伸轨迹也可以为曲线。可选地，沿厚度方向Z，第一避空部1521在第一壁113上的投影覆盖泄压机构12，也即，泄压机构12位于第一边缘1521a在第一壁113上的投影和第二边缘1521b在第一壁113上的投影之间。需要指出的是，第一边缘1521a和第二边缘1521b的夹角可以根据泄压机构12的形状确定，保证泄压机构12位于第一边缘1521a的投影和第二边缘1521b的投影之间即可。
“第一避空部1521的边缘呈弧形”是指，第一避空部1521的边缘为圆形或椭圆形的一部分。当泄压机构12的形状为圆形时，第一避空部1521的边缘呈弧形，沿厚度方向Z，该弧形在第一壁113上的投影可以为与泄压机构12同心的圆弧形，此时，第一避空部1521的面积可以大于或等于泄压机构12的面积，以降低第二连接部152遮挡泄压机构12的风险。
在上述方案中，当第一边缘1521a与第二边缘1521b呈夹角设置时，第一避空部1521具有较大的面积，能够便于气体穿过第一避空部1521，保证气体朝向泄压机构12流动顺畅；第一避空部1521的边缘呈弧形，便于加工，同时，第一避空部1521在第二连接部152上的尺寸可以设计地较小，以保证第二连接部152与极耳142具有较大的连接面积。
根据本申请的一些实施例，如图7和图9所示，第二连接部152包括主体区1522和两个连接区1523，两个连接区1523与极耳142连接，第一避空部1521位于两个连接区1523之间。
连接区1523为第二连接部152的用于与极耳142连接的区域，连接区1523可以与极耳142焊接，以保证第二连接部152与极耳142的连接强度。两个连接区1523可以间隔设置，以在两个位置实现与极耳142的连接。可选地，连接区1523可以呈V形，V形的顶点朝向电极组件14的中心轴线，当电极组件14为卷绕式结构时，连接区1523能够连接电极组件14的内圈和外圈的极耳142。
第一避空部1521可以为主体区1522的挖空部位。
第一避空部1521位于两个连接区1523之间，可以为，沿两个连接区1523的设置方向，连接区1523、第一避空部1521、另一个连接区1523依次设置。
在上述方案中，第一避空部1521位于两个连接区1523之间，以保证第二连接部152与极耳142连接稳定。
根据本申请的一些实施例，如图4所示，极耳142形成有第二避空部1421，沿厚度方向Z，第二避空部1421在第一壁113上的投影、第一避空部1521在第一壁113上的投影与泄压机构12至少部分重叠。
第二避空部1421可以极耳142的挖空部位，也即第二避空部1421处，电极组件14不延伸出极耳142；或者，第二避空部1421可以为极耳142的高度较低的区域，电池单体10热失控时，电池单体10内部气体能够经由第二避空部1421朝向泄压机构12流动。例如，电极组件14包括主体部141和从主体部141的端部延伸出的极耳142，极耳142可以从主体部141的靠近第一壁113的端部延伸出，当极耳142为揉平结构时，第二避空部1421可以为揉平后的极耳142的高度较低的区域，也即，第二避空部1421凸出于主体部141的高度相对于极耳142的其他区域凸出于极耳142的高度低，在电池单体10热失控时，即使极耳142发生形变而由揉平状态变为直立状态，第二避空部1421对第一避空部1521的遮挡影响较小，便于气体穿过第一避空部1521朝向泄压机构12流动。揉平结构是极耳揉平后的结构形态，极耳揉平工艺是指，将直立的极耳142压倒，使各极耳142相互接触，起到更好的集流作用，揉平后的极耳142较紧密，以便于极耳142与转接件15连接。
第二避空部1421在第一壁113上的投影、第一避空部1521在第一壁113上的投影与泄压机构12至少部分重叠，换句话说，沿竖直方向，第二避空部1421、第一避空部1521及泄压机构12具有重叠区域，在电池单体10热失控时，泄压机构12致动，从而使得第二避空部1421、第一避空部1521和泄压机构12的排气部位形成气体通道，以便于电池单体10内部气体朝向泄压机构12流动顺畅。
请参见图10，图10为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体10的俯视图，图10为简单示意图，主要示出第二避空部1421、第一避空部1521及泄压机构12的投影关系。根据本申请的一些实施例，沿厚度方向Z，第一避空部1521在电极组件14上的投影全部落入第二避空部1421，第二避空部1421的面积为S4，第一避空部1521的面积为S1，满足S4≥S1。
第二避空部1421的面积S4为第二避空部1421在垂直于厚度方向Z的平面上的面积。
在上述方案中，第一避空部1521在电极组件14上的投影全部落入第二避空部1421、且第二避空部1421的面积S4大于或等于第一避空部1521的面积S1，能够降低极耳142堵塞第一避空部1521的风险，便于电池单体10内部的气体穿过第一避空部1521朝向泄压机构12流动，保证气体流动顺畅。
根据本申请的一些实施例，第二避空部1421的轮廓与第一避空部1521的轮廓相匹配。
第二避空部1421的轮廓与第一避空部1521的轮廓相匹配，并且第一避空部1521在电极组件14上的投影全部落入第二避空部1421，使得第二避空部1421可以具有较小的面积，极耳142与第二连接部152可以具有较大的连接面积。
在上述方案中，第二避空部1421的轮廓与第一避空部1521的轮廓相匹配，既保证第一避空部1521被极耳142遮挡的风险较小，又保证极耳142与第二连接部152具有较大的连接面积。
根据本申请的一些实施例，如图3和图4所示，极耳142形成于电极组件14的靠近第一壁113的一端，电极引出部13设置于第一壁113。
电极组件14包括主体部141和极耳142，极耳142从主体部141的靠近第一壁113的端部延伸出，电极引出部13设置于第一壁113，极耳142与电极引出部13之间的距离较短，以减少转接件15的装配空间占用，从而使得电池单体10的结构紧凑，保证电池单体10具有较高的能量密度。
根据本申请的一些实施例，如图3所示，外壳11可以包括壳体111和盖体112，盖体112为第一壁113，泄压机构12和电极引出部13可以设置于盖体112。极耳142形成于电极组件14的靠近盖体112的一端，转接件15位于极耳142和盖体112之间，保证电池单体10结构紧凑。
根据本申请的一些实施例，本申请还提供了一种电池100，如图2所示，包括箱体101和多个上述任一实施例提供的电池单体10，多个电池单体10设置于箱体101内。
根据本申请的一些实施例，本申请还提供了一种用电设备，包括上述任一实施例提供的电池单体10，电池单体10用于给用电设备提供电能。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参见图3至图10，本申请提供了一种圆柱电池单体，该圆柱电池单体包括外壳11、泄压机构12、电极引出部13、电极组件14及转接件15。外壳11包括壳体111和盖体112，壳体111具有开口，盖体112封闭开口，盖体112为第一壁113。泄压机构12设置于第一壁113，电极引出部13设置于第一壁113。电极组件14设置于壳体111内。电极组件14包括主体部141和极耳142，极耳142从主体部141的靠近第一壁113的端部延伸出。电极组件14可以为卷绕式结构，极耳142可以为揉平结构。极耳142形成有第二避空部1421，第二避空部1421为极耳142的挖空部位。转接件15位于极耳142和第一壁113之间，转接件15包括第一连接部151、第二连接部152和第三连接部153，第一连接部151连接电极引出部13，第二连接部152连接极耳142，第三连接部153连接第一连接部151和第二连接部152。第二连接部152形成有第一避空部1521，第一避空部1521为形成于第二连接部152的边缘的缺口。第一避空部1521包括第一边缘1521a和第二边缘1521b，第一边缘1521a和第二边缘1521b呈夹角设置。沿第一壁113的厚度方向Z，第二避空部1421在第一壁113上的投影、第一避空部1521在第一壁113上的投影及泄压机构12至少部分重叠，例如，沿厚度方向Z，泄压机构12在第二连接部152上的投影全部落入第一避空部1521内，第一避空部1521在电极组件14上的投影全部落入第二避空部1421内。
在这样的圆柱电池单体中，当发生热失控时，泄压机构12致动，第二避空部1421、第一避空部1521和泄压机构12的排气部位形成气体通道，内部气体能够经由第二避空部1421、第一避空部1521从泄压机构12排出，提高了气体流动顺畅性，便于泄压机构12泄压，具有较高的安全性。
虽然已经参考优选实施例对本申请进行了描述，但在不脱离本申请的范围的情况下，可以对其进行各种改进并且可以用等效物替换其中的部件。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种电池单体，包括：
    外壳，包括第一壁；
    泄压机构，设置于所述第一壁；
    电极引出部，设置于所述外壳；
    电极组件，设置于所述外壳内，所述电极组件设置有极耳；
    转接件，至少部分所述转接件设置于所述极耳与所述第一壁之间，所述电极引出部和所述极耳通过所述转接件电连接；
    其中，沿所述第一壁的厚度方向，所述转接件在所述第一壁上的投影与所述泄压机构的至少一部分不重叠。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池单体，其中，所述转接件包括第一连接部和第二连接部，所述第一连接部连接所述电极引出部，所述第二连接部连接所述极耳，所述第二连接部形成有第一避空部，沿所述厚度方向，所述泄压机构在所述第二连接部上的投影至少部分落入所述第一避空部。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池单体，其中，沿所述厚度方向，所述泄压机构在所述第二连接部上的投影全部落入所述第一避空部，所述第一避空部的面积为S1，所述泄压机构的面积为S2，满足S1≥S2。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一避空部的面积为S1，所述第二连接部的面积S3，满足0＜S1/S3≤0.75。
  5. 根据权利要求2-4中任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一避空部为设置于所述第二连接部的边缘的缺口。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电池单体，其中，所述转接件还包括第三连接部，所述第三连接部连接所述第一连接部和所述第二连接部，所述第一避空部位于所述第二连接部的远离所述第二连接部与所述第三连接部连接部位的一端。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一避空部具有第一边缘和第二边缘，所述第一边缘与所述第二边缘呈夹角设置，或，所述第一避空部的边缘呈弧形。
  8. 根据权利要求2-7中任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述第二连接部包括主体区和两个连接区，所述两个连接区与所述极耳连接，所述第一避空部位于所述两个连接区之间。
  9. 根据权利要求2-8中任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述极耳形成有第二避空部，沿所述厚度方向，所述第二避空部在所述第一壁上的投影、所述第一避空部在所述第一壁上的投影与所述泄压机构至少部分重叠。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的电池单体，其中，沿所述厚度方向，所述第一避空部在所述电极组件上的投影全部落入所述第二避空部，所述第二避空部的面积为S4，所述第一避空部的面积为S1，满足S4≥S1。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的电池单体，其中，所述第二避空部的轮廓与所述第一避空部的轮廓相匹配。
  12. 根据权利要求1-11中任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述极耳形成于所述电极组件的靠近所述第一壁的一端，所述电极引出部设置于所述第一壁。
  13. 一种电池，包括箱体和多个如权利要求1-12中任一项所述的电池单体，多个所述电池单体设置于所述箱体内。
  14. 一种用电设备，包括如权利要求1-12中任一项所述的电池单体。
PCT/CN2022/098263 2022-06-10 2022-06-10 电池单体、电池及用电设备 WO2023236219A1 (zh)

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JP2000260418A (ja) * 1999-03-12 2000-09-22 Furukawa Battery Co Ltd:The 円筒型蓄電池用集電体並びに円筒型蓄電池
CN202167560U (zh) * 2011-07-18 2012-03-14 深圳市豪鹏科技有限公司 电池
CN102484234A (zh) * 2009-03-03 2012-05-30 奈斯卡普股份有限公司 电能储存装置
CN206961931U (zh) * 2017-07-27 2018-02-02 东莞市沃泰通新能源有限公司 一种圆柱形电池结构
CN112310561A (zh) * 2020-04-09 2021-02-02 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 电池、电池组、用电设备和电池的制造方法
CN214898799U (zh) * 2021-06-30 2021-11-26 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 端盖组件、电池及用电装置

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2000260418A (ja) * 1999-03-12 2000-09-22 Furukawa Battery Co Ltd:The 円筒型蓄電池用集電体並びに円筒型蓄電池
CN102484234A (zh) * 2009-03-03 2012-05-30 奈斯卡普股份有限公司 电能储存装置
CN202167560U (zh) * 2011-07-18 2012-03-14 深圳市豪鹏科技有限公司 电池
CN206961931U (zh) * 2017-07-27 2018-02-02 东莞市沃泰通新能源有限公司 一种圆柱形电池结构
CN112310561A (zh) * 2020-04-09 2021-02-02 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 电池、电池组、用电设备和电池的制造方法
CN214898799U (zh) * 2021-06-30 2021-11-26 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 端盖组件、电池及用电装置

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