WO2023217244A1 - 电池、电池模组、电池包和车辆 - Google Patents

电池、电池模组、电池包和车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023217244A1
WO2023217244A1 PCT/CN2023/093643 CN2023093643W WO2023217244A1 WO 2023217244 A1 WO2023217244 A1 WO 2023217244A1 CN 2023093643 W CN2023093643 W CN 2023093643W WO 2023217244 A1 WO2023217244 A1 WO 2023217244A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
groove
straight line
segments
explosion
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PCT/CN2023/093643
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
孙华军
王信月
袁万颂
朱燕
段平安
Original Assignee
比亚迪股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2023217244A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023217244A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/342—Non-re-sealable arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular, to a battery, a battery module, a battery pack and a vehicle.
  • the explosion-proof valve of a battery (such as a lithium-ion battery) is designed so that when the battery is abused and the internal air pressure of the battery increases, the explosion-proof valve can be opened in time to release the pressure, thereby preventing safety issues such as fire and explosion of the battery.
  • a battery such as a lithium-ion battery
  • problems such as battery fires, explosions and other safety accidents due to the failure to release the pressure in time or the pressure release speed is not fast enough.
  • the present disclosure aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art.
  • the first purpose of the present disclosure is to provide a battery that can improve the safety of battery use.
  • Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a battery module including the above-mentioned battery.
  • Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a battery pack including the above-mentioned battery or the above-mentioned battery module.
  • Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a vehicle including the above-mentioned battery or battery pack.
  • a battery for a battery according to an embodiment of the first aspect of the present disclosure includes a battery case and an explosion-proof valve.
  • the explosion-proof valve is provided on the battery case.
  • the volume of the battery is V, and the unit of V is mm 3
  • the explosion-proof valve is provided with a notched groove
  • the explosion-proof valve has an opening area, in the depth direction of the notched groove, the outer edge of the orthographic projection of the opening area is the predetermined opening boundary, and the opening
  • the area of the orthographic projection of the region is S
  • the unit of S is mm 2 , wherein S and V satisfy: 0.3mm -1 ⁇ (5000 ⁇ S)/V.
  • the explosion-proof valve according to the embodiment of the present disclosure, by controlling the ratio of the area S of the opening area and the volume V of the battery, the pressure relief rate of the battery can be effectively improved, and the pressure inside the battery can be discharged promptly and quickly, thereby improving the safety of the battery. protection of.
  • the explosion-proof valve has high structural strength to ensure the safe use of the battery.
  • the S and V satisfy: (5000 ⁇ S)/V ⁇ 6mm -1 .
  • the S and V when the cathode material of the battery is a compound with an olivine structure, the S and V further satisfy: 0.3mm -1 ⁇ 5000 ⁇ S/V ⁇ 5mm -1 ; when the When the positive electrode material of the battery contains a layered compound, the S and V further satisfy: 0.5mm -1 ⁇ 5000 ⁇ S/V ⁇ 6mm -1 .
  • the S satisfies: 80mm 2 ⁇ S ⁇ 1600mm 2 .
  • the V satisfies: 40000mm 3 ⁇ V ⁇ 3500000mm 3 .
  • the score groove includes two first arc segments, a first straight line segment, and two second straight line segments that are spaced apart, and the first straight line segment and the second straight line segment are spaced apart.
  • Straight line segments are arranged in parallel, two ends of the first straight line segment are respectively connected to two of the first arc segments, and each of the second straight line segments is connected to the corresponding first arc segment; in the In the depth direction of the score groove, the two free ends of the orthographic projection outer edge of the score groove are connected to form a connecting line, and the connection line and the orthographic projection outer edge of the score groove together form the predetermined Open boundaries.
  • a first reinforced groove is formed on the opening area, and the first reinforced groove includes two fourth arc segments, and the two fourth arc segments are along the width of the explosion-proof valve.
  • the directions are symmetrically arranged, and the vertices of the two fourth arc segments coincide with each other, and the two ends of one of the fourth arc segments extend to the second straight line segment, and the other fourth arc segment is divided into two The end extends to the first straight line segment.
  • a depth of the first reinforcing groove is smaller than a depth of the scored groove in a depth direction of the scored groove.
  • the score groove includes two second arc segments arranged oppositely and two third straight line segments arranged in parallel, and the two ends of each third straight line segment are respectively connected with the two corresponding The second arc segments are connected, and the two third linear segments and the two second arc segments form a closed annular structure; in the depth direction of the scored groove, The outer edge of the orthographic projection constitutes the predetermined opening boundary.
  • a second reinforced groove is formed on the opening area.
  • the second reinforced groove includes two eighth straight segments and one ninth straight segment. One end of the two eighth straight segments is connected to The ninth straight line segments are connected, an included angle is formed between the two eighth straight line segments, and the other ends of the two eighth straight line segments extend to the two third straight line segments respectively, and the ninth straight line segments The other end of the straight segment is connected to the second arc segment.
  • the score groove includes a fourth straight line segment and four fifth straight line segments, and two ends of the fourth straight line segment are respectively connected to two of the fifth straight line segments arranged at a preset angle.
  • Straight line segment in the depth direction of the scored groove, an arc segment is defined between the free ends of the orthographic projections of the two fifth straight line segments located at the same end of the fourth straight line segment, and the arc segment Taking the vertex of the preset angle as the center of the circle, the point on the same side of the fourth straight line segment
  • a sixth straight line segment is defined between the free ends of the orthographic projections of the two fifth straight line segments, and the two arcuate segments and the two sixth straight line segments together constitute the predetermined opening boundary.
  • the explosion-proof valve includes a connecting section, a supporting section and a buffering section.
  • the connecting section is connected to the outer peripheral side of the supporting section, and the supporting section and the connecting section are arranged along the direction of the supporting section.
  • the buffer sections are arranged at intervals in the thickness direction, the buffer sections are connected between the connecting section and the support section, and the opening area is provided on the support section.
  • a groove is formed on the explosion-proof valve, and the scored groove is formed on a bottom wall of the groove.
  • an orthographic projection outer edge of the groove and an orthographic projection outer edge of the score groove have an overlapping area.
  • the shape of the explosion-proof valve is an oval or a racetrack shape.
  • the explosion-proof valve is a flat piece structure.
  • the energy density of the battery is ED, and the ED satisfies: 200wh/kg ⁇ ED ⁇ 280wh/kg.
  • a battery module according to an embodiment of the second aspect of the disclosure includes the battery according to the above-mentioned embodiment of the first aspect of the disclosure.
  • a battery pack according to a third embodiment of the present disclosure includes a battery according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure or a battery module according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • a vehicle according to an embodiment of the fourth aspect of the present disclosure includes a battery according to the above-mentioned first aspect embodiment, or a battery pack according to the above-mentioned third aspect embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a battery according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an explosion-proof valve according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of an explosion-proof valve according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of an explosion-proof valve according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of an explosion-proof valve according to yet another embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of an explosion-proof valve according to yet another embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram comparing the pressure release rates of batteries according to Comparative Example 1 and Examples 1-3 of the present disclosure
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram comparing the pressure release rates of batteries according to Comparative Example 1 and Examples 4-6 of the present disclosure
  • Figure 9 is a schematic diagram comparing the pressure release rates of batteries according to Comparative Example 2 and Examples 7-9 of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic diagram comparing the pressure release rates of batteries according to Comparative Example 2 and Embodiments 10-12 of the present disclosure
  • Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of a flat plate structure explosion-proof valve according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a flat plate structure explosion-proof valve according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of a vehicle in accordance with the present disclosure.
  • Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of a vehicle according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of a vehicle according to yet another embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • a battery 100 As shown in FIGS. 1 to 12 , a battery 100 according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure includes a battery case 10 and an explosion-proof valve 20 .
  • the volume of the battery 100 is V, and the unit of V is mm 3 .
  • the explosion-proof valve 20 is provided with a notched groove 25, and the explosion-proof valve 20 has an opening area 24.
  • the outer edge of the orthographic projection of the opening area 24 is the predetermined opening boundary.
  • the area of the front projection of the opening area 24 is S, and the unit of S is mm 2 .
  • S and V satisfy: 0.3mm -1 ⁇ (5000 ⁇ S)/V.
  • the unit of the area S of the front projection of the opening area 24 is square millimeters, and the unit of the volume V of the battery 100 is cubic millimeters.
  • the internal voltage of the battery is 100
  • the gas inside the battery 100 can be smoothly released from the opening area 24 of the explosion-proof valve 20 to ensure the safe use of the battery 100. Therefore, by controlling the ratio of the orthographic projection area S of the opening area 24 to the volume V of the battery 100 within an appropriate range, on the one hand, the pressure relief rate of the battery 100 can be effectively increased, and the pressure inside the battery 100 can be reduced. It is discharged from the opening area 24 of the explosion-proof valve 20 in a timely and rapid manner, thereby improving the protection of the battery 100 .
  • the explosion-proof valve 20 has high structural strength and can ensure the safe use of the battery 100 .
  • the pressure relief rate of the battery 100 can be effectively improved, and the pressure inside the battery 100 can be released in a timely and rapid manner. discharge, improving the protection of the battery 100.
  • the explosion-proof valve 20 has high structural strength, which can ensure the safe use of the battery 100 .
  • S and V satisfy: 5000 ⁇ S/V ⁇ 6mm -1 . Therefore, by controlling the ratio of the orthographic projection area S of the opening area 24 to the volume V of the battery 100 within an appropriate range, on the one hand, the pressure relief rate of the battery 100 can be effectively increased, and the pressure inside the battery 100 can be released in a timely manner. Rapid discharge improves the protection of the battery 100. On the other hand, the explosion-proof valve 20 has high structural strength to ensure the safe use of the battery 100.
  • the cathode material of the battery 100 when the cathode material of the battery 100 is a compound with an olivine structure, S and V further satisfy: 0.3mm -1 ⁇ 5000 ⁇ S/V ⁇ 5mm -1 .
  • the battery 100 can have excellent electrochemical properties, such as a high capacity. If the ratio of S to V of 5000 times is less than 0.3 mm -1 , the area of the opening area 24 is small and may not be able to meet the need to discharge the gas inside the battery 100 in a timely manner.
  • the area of the opening area 24 will be larger, and the structural strength of the explosion-proof valve 20 may be reduced, thus affecting the safe use of the battery 100. Therefore, by designing S and V to satisfy 0.3mm -1 ⁇ 5000 ⁇ S/V ⁇ 5mm -1 , the area of the open area 24 accounts for an appropriate proportion in the volume of the battery 100 , which can satisfy the requirement that the battery 100 has excellent electrochemical performance. At the same time, it also ensures that the pressure inside the battery 100 can be discharged promptly and quickly, thereby effectively improving the safety of the battery 100.
  • the compound having an olivine structure may be lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate, or a mixture of lithium iron phosphate and lithium manganese iron phosphate, but is not limited thereto.
  • S and V when the cathode material of the battery 100 contains a layered compound, S and V further satisfy: 0.5mm -1 ⁇ 5000 ⁇ S/V ⁇ 6mm -1 .
  • Due to the high activity of lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide ternary layered materials by selecting lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide ternary layered materials, a combination of lithium iron phosphate and lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide ternary layered materials, or lithium iron manganese Highly active materials such as a combination of lithium-nickel-cobalt-manganese-oxygen ternary layered materials are used as the cathode material of the battery 100.
  • the active material inside the battery 100 accounts for a large proportion, so the battery 100 has greater energy and the electrochemical performance of the battery 100 is better. Excellent, for example, the battery 100 has a higher capacity. Therefore, the above-mentioned battery 100 has higher requirements on the pressure relief rate of the explosion-proof valve 20 . If the ratio of S to V of 5000 times is less than 0.5 mm -1 , the area of the opening area 24 is small and may not be able to satisfy the requirements of placing the battery. The gas inside 100 needs to be discharged as soon as possible. If the ratio of S to V of 5000 times is greater than 6 mm -1 , the area of the opening area 24 will be larger, and the safety performance of the battery 100 will be reduced.
  • the area of the opening area 24 accounts for an appropriate proportion in the volume of the battery 100 , which can satisfy the requirement that the battery 100 has excellent charge and discharge performance. At the same time, it is ensured that the pressure inside the battery 100 can be released promptly and quickly, thereby ensuring that the battery 100 can be used safely.
  • Comparative Examples 1 to 2 that is, the prior art
  • Examples 1 to 12 that is, the embodiments of the present application.
  • the batteries 100 in Comparative Examples 1 to 2 and the batteries 100 in Examples 1 to 12 were tested using the methods specified in GB/T 31485-2015, and the corresponding pressure relief rate curves of the batteries 100 were recorded.
  • the battery in the prior art is basically the same as the battery 100 in the embodiment, and the only difference lies in the values of S and V.
  • the cathode material of the battery 100 is lithium iron phosphate
  • the area S of the opening area 24 of the battery in Comparative Example 1 the volume V of the battery 100
  • the orthographic projection of the opening area 24 of the battery 100 in Examples 1 to 6 The area S and the volume V of the battery 100 are selected from Table 1 below.
  • the pressure release rate test results are shown in Figures 7 and 8.
  • Figure 7 is a graph of the change in air pressure inside the battery when the internal pressure of the battery increases and is released in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Example 1.
  • Figure 8 is a graph showing changes in air pressure inside the battery in Examples 4 to 6 and Comparative Example 1 when the internal pressure of the battery is increased and the pressure is released. It can be seen from the graph that the change value of the air pressure drop of the battery 100 in Examples 1 to 6 per unit time is greater than the change value of the air pressure drop of the battery 100 in Comparative Example 1.
  • the area S of the orthographic projection of the opening area 24 of the battery 100 of Comparative Example 2 is selected from Table 2 below.
  • the pressure release rate test results are shown in Figures 9 and 10.
  • Figure 9 is a graph of the change in air pressure inside the battery 100 when the internal pressure of the battery 100 increases and is released in Examples 7 to 9 and Comparative Example 2.
  • FIG. 10 is a graph showing changes in air pressure inside the battery 100 when the internal pressure of the battery 100 increases and is released in Examples 10 to 12 and Comparative Example 2. It can be seen from the graph that the change value of the air pressure drop of the battery 100 in Examples 7 to 12 per unit time is greater than the change value of the air pressure drop of the battery 100 in Comparative Example 1.
  • the value range of 5000 ⁇ S/V protected by the embodiment of the present disclosure can effectively increase the area of the opening area 10 and increase the exhaust volume of the explosion-proof valve 20 per unit time.
  • the safety of the battery 100 using the explosion-proof valve 20 of the present disclosure is increased.
  • S satisfies: 80mm 2 ⁇ S ⁇ 1600mm 2 . If the front projection area of the opening area 24 is less than 80 mm 2 , the area of the opening area 24 is small and may not be able to meet the need to discharge the gas inside the battery 100 as quickly as possible. If the area of the front projection of the opening area 24 is greater than 1600 mm 2 , the area of the opening area 24 is larger, and the structural strength of the explosion-proof valve 20 may be reduced.
  • V satisfies: 40000mm 3 ⁇ V ⁇ 3500000mm 3 . If the volume of the battery 100 is less than 40000mm 3 , the volume of the battery 100 is small and the chemical properties of the battery 100 are poor. If the volume of the battery 100 is larger than 3,500,000 mm 3 , the battery 100 is larger in size, the structural strength of the explosion-proof valve 20 may be reduced, and the safety performance of the battery 100 may be reduced.
  • the size of the opening area 24 is appropriate, which not only ensures the structural strength of the explosion-proof valve 20 but also increases the pressure relief rate of the explosion-proof valve 20 .
  • the size of the battery 100 is appropriate, which can ensure that the battery 100 has excellent charging and discharging performance and at the same time ensure that the internal pressure of the battery 100 can be discharged in time when it increases, ensuring that the battery 100 can be used safely.
  • the score groove 25 is a C-shaped score groove or a double Y-shaped score groove.
  • the pattern of the scored groove 25 is not limited to the above shape, and the scored groove 25 may be of any shape.
  • the scoring groove 25 can be designed as needed to meet different usage occasions.
  • the score groove 25 is a C-shaped score groove.
  • the score groove 25 includes two first arc segments 251 arranged oppositely, a first straight line segment 252 and two second straight line segments 253 arranged at intervals.
  • the first straight line segment 252 and the second straight line segment 253 are arranged in parallel. Both ends of the first straight line segment 252 are connected to the two first arc segments 251 respectively.
  • Each second straight line segment 253 is connected to the corresponding first arc segment 251 .
  • the first straight line segment 252 is connected to one end of the two first arc segments 251, and the other ends of the two first arc segments 251 are respectively connected to a second straight line segment 253, and the two second straight line segments 253 are spaced apart from each other.
  • the two free ends of the orthographic projection outer edge of the scored groove 25 are connected to form a connecting line 263 . That is, the connection line between the side edges of the two second straight segments 253 away from the center of the explosion-proof valve is the connection line 263, and the connection line 263 and the outer edge of the orthographic projection of the score groove 25 together form the predetermined opening boundary.
  • a 1 represents the length of the first straight line segment 252
  • b 1 represents the distance between the outside of the first straight line segment 252 and the outside of the second straight line segment 253
  • c 1 represents the distance between the two second straight line segments 253. , that is, the length of the connecting line 263.
  • the cross-sectional area of the above-mentioned scored groove 25 may be rectangular or inverted trapezoidal.
  • the “cross section” here is a plane parallel to the depth direction of the scored groove 25 .
  • the width of the scored groove 25 gradually decreases in the direction toward the bottom of the scored groove 25 .
  • a 1 can be understood as the length of the outer edge of the first straight line segment 252 located at the top of the groove or the opening
  • b 1 can be understood as the length of the outer edge of the first arc segment 251 located at the top of the groove or the opening. diameter.
  • the outer edge of the orthographic projection of the scored groove 25 includes two opposite semicircles, b 1 can be understood As the diameter of the semicircle, a 1 can be understood as the distance between the centers of the two semicircles.
  • the scoring groove 25 is a C-shaped scoring groove
  • the opening area 24 is also provided with a first reinforcing groove 29 for structural reinforcement
  • the first reinforcing groove 29 is X-shaped.
  • the first reinforcing groove 29 includes two fourth arc segments 260 .
  • the two fourth arc segments 260 are symmetrically arranged in the width direction of the explosion-proof valve (for example, the up and down direction in FIG. 4 ), and the vertices of the two fourth arc segments 260 coincide with each other. Two ends of one fourth arc segment 260 extend and respectively stop on the second straight line segment 253 , and two ends of the other fourth arc segment 260 extend and respectively stop on the first straight line segment 252 .
  • the depth of the first reinforcing groove 29 is smaller than the depth of the scored groove 25 .
  • the area of the area defined within the predetermined opening boundary that is, the area of the orthographic projection of the opening area 24 in the depth direction of the scored groove 25
  • the total length of the scored groove 25 is L x
  • a 2 represents the length of the first straight line segment 252
  • b 2 represents the distance between the outside of the first straight line segment 252 and the outside of the second straight line segment 253
  • c 2 represents the distance between the two second straight line segments 253 .
  • the cross-sectional area of the above-mentioned scored groove 25 may be rectangular or inverted trapezoidal.
  • the “cross section” here is a plane parallel to the depth direction of the scored groove 25 .
  • the width of the scored groove 25 gradually decreases in the direction toward the bottom of the scored groove 25 .
  • a 2 can be understood as the length of the outer edge of the first straight line segment 252 located at the top of the groove or the opening
  • b 2 can be understood as the length of the outer edge of the first arc segment 251 located at the top of the groove or the opening. diameter.
  • the outer edge of the orthographic projection of the scored groove 25 includes two opposite semicircles, b 2 can be understood as the diameter of the semicircle, and a 2 can be understood as the distance between the centers of the two semicircles.
  • the scoring groove 25 is an annular scoring groove.
  • the opening area 24 is also provided with a second reinforcing groove 290 for structural reinforcement, and the second reinforcing groove 290 is Y-shaped.
  • the second reinforcing groove 290 is located inside the annular scored groove and connected with the annular scored groove.
  • the annular score groove includes two second arc segments 254 arranged oppositely and two third straight line segments 255 arranged parallel. Both ends of each third straight line segment 255 are connected to two second arc segments 254 respectively, and the two third straight line segments 255 and the two second arc segments 254 form a closed annular structure.
  • the outer edge of the orthographic projection of the scored groove 25 constitutes a predetermined opening boundary.
  • the predetermined opening boundary may be surrounded by two third straight line segments 255 and two second arc segments 254 on one side of the edge away from the center of the explosion-proof valve.
  • the second reinforcing groove 290 includes two eighth straight sections 261 and a ninth straight section 262 .
  • One end of the two eighth straight segments 261 is connected to the ninth straight segment 262, and an included angle ⁇ is formed between the two eighth straight segments 261.
  • the other ends of the two eighth straight segments 261 can be connected to a third straight line respectively. Paragraph 255 above.
  • the other end of the ninth straight line segment 262 may be connected to the second arc segment 254 .
  • the corresponding thickness of the second reinforcing groove 290 on the opening area 24 may be smaller than the corresponding thickness of the annular scored groove. That is, the depth of the second reinforcing groove 290 is smaller than the depth of the annular score groove.
  • the opening area 24 protrudes outward under the action of the internal pressure of the battery 100 , and the second reinforcing groove 290 can resist the deformation of the opening area 24 through deformation, thereby increasing the structure of the opening area 24
  • the strength and ability to resist deformation can effectively prevent the explosion-proof valve 20 from accidentally opening.
  • the area of the area defined within the predetermined opening boundary that is, the area of the orthographic projection of the opening area 24 in the depth direction of the scored groove 25
  • S y a 3 ⁇ b 3 + ⁇ b 3 2/4
  • the total length of the scored groove 25 is Ly
  • Ly 2c 3 +d 3 .
  • a 3 is the length of the third straight line segment 255
  • b 3 is the distance between the outsides of the two third straight line segments 255
  • c 3 is the length of the eighth straight line segment 261
  • d 3 is the length of the ninth straight line segment 262. length.
  • the cross-sectional area of the above-mentioned scored groove 25 may be rectangular or inverted trapezoidal.
  • the “cross section” here is a plane parallel to the depth direction of the scored groove 25 .
  • the width of the scored groove 25 gradually decreases in the direction toward the bottom of the scored groove 25 .
  • a 3 can be understood as the length of the outer edge of the third straight line segment 255 located at the top of the groove or the opening
  • b 3 can be understood as the length of the outer edge of the second arc segment 254 located at the top of the groove or the opening. diameter.
  • the outer edge of the orthographic projection of the scored groove 25 includes two opposite semicircles, b 3 can be understood As the diameter of the semicircle, a 3 can be understood as the distance between the centers of the two semicircles.
  • the score groove 25 is a double Y-shaped score groove.
  • the double Y-shaped score groove includes a fourth straight line segment 256 and four fifth straight line segments 257 . No. The two ends of the four straight line segments 256 are respectively connected to two fifth straight line segments 257 arranged at a preset included angle.
  • an arc segment 259 is defined between the free ends of the orthographic projections of the two fifth straight segments 257 located at the same end of the fourth straight segment 256.
  • the arc segment 259 is formed by the above two fifth straight segments 256.
  • the vertex of the preset angle of the straight line segment 257 is the center of the circle.
  • a sixth straight line segment 258 is defined between the free ends of the orthographic projections of the two fifth straight line segments 257 located on the same side of the fourth straight line segment 256 .
  • the two arc segments 259 and the two sixth straight segments 258 together form the predetermined opening boundary. It should be noted that since the widths of the fourth straight line segment 256 and the fifth straight line segment 257 are relatively small and can be ignored, the arc segment 259 and the sixth straight line segment 258 may approximately intersect at one point.
  • the arc segment 259 can be understood as being defined by the free ends of the orthographic projections of the two fifth straight segments 257 located at the same end of the fourth straight segment 256 and close to each other.
  • the sixth straight line segment 258 can be understood as being defined by the free ends of the orthographic projections of the two fifth straight line segments 257 located on the same side of the fourth straight line segment 256 and close to each other.
  • the area of the area defined within the predetermined opening boundary (that is, the area of the orthographic projection of the opening area 24 in the depth direction of the score groove 25) is S double y
  • the "free ends E" of the two fifth straight segments 257 located at the same end of the fourth straight segment 256 may refer to the end points on the side where the two fifth straight segments 257 located at the same end of the fourth straight segment 256 are close to each other. .
  • the “free ends F” of the two fifth straight segments 257 located at both ends of the fourth straight segment 256 and on the same side of the fourth straight segment 256 may refer to: located at both ends of the fourth straight segment 256 and located on the fourth straight segment.
  • 256 The end points of the two fifth straight line segments 257 on the same side are close to each other.
  • a 4 is the length of the fourth straight line segment 256
  • b 4 is the distance between the free ends F of the two fifth straight line segments 257 located on the same side of the fourth straight line segment 256
  • c 4 is the length of the fifth straight line segment 257. length.
  • the appropriate notched groove 25 can be selected according to different design standards, which reduces the process difficulty of the explosion-proof valve 20, increases the pressure relief speed of the explosion-proof valve 20, and improves the safety performance of the battery 100.
  • the cross-sectional area of the above-mentioned scored groove 25 may be rectangular or inverted trapezoidal.
  • the “cross section” here is a plane parallel to the depth direction of the scored groove 25 .
  • the width of the scored groove 25 gradually decreases in the direction toward the bottom of the scored groove 25 .
  • a 4 can be understood as the length of the outer edge of the fourth straight line segment 256 located at the top of the groove or at the opening
  • b 4 is the length of the outer edge of the two fifth straight line segments 257 located on the same side of the fourth straight line segment 256 at the top of the groove.
  • the distance between the free ends F at or at the opening, c 4 is the length of the outer edge of the fifth straight segment 257 at the top of the groove or at the opening.
  • the explosion-proof valve 20 includes a connecting section 21 , a supporting section 22 and a buffering section 23 .
  • the explosion-proof valve 20 is connected to the battery case 10 through the connecting section 21 .
  • the connecting section 21 is connected to the supporting section On the outer peripheral side of 22 , the support section 22 and the connection section 21 are spaced apart along the thickness direction of the support section 22 .
  • the buffer section 23 is connected between the connecting section 21 and the support section 22 , and the opening area 24 is provided on the support section 22 .
  • the connecting section 21 can achieve a fixed connection between the explosion-proof valve 20 and the battery case 10 , and the supporting section 22 can increase the structural strength of the opening area 24 and prevent the opening area 24 from being torsionally deformed by external force.
  • the buffer section 23 can absorb the thermal stress when the opening area 24 and the support section 22 are welded, thereby improving the reliability and safety of the explosion-proof valve 20 .
  • the support section 22 is located on one side of the connecting section 21 adjacent to the center of the battery case 10 so that the entire explosion-proof valve 20 is recessed toward the inside of the battery 100 , which can effectively avoid opening due to external force impact on the opening area 24 Abnormal opening of area 24.
  • a groove 221 is formed on the support section 22 , and a score groove 25 is formed on the bottom wall of the groove 221 . Therefore, the protection of the opening area 24 by the support section 22 can be increased. At the same time, the opening area 24 is thinned so that when the internal pressure of the explosion-proof valve 20 increases and needs to be relieved, the opening area 24 can be opened smoothly, thereby avoiding failure of the explosion-proof valve 20 .
  • the thickness of the opening area 24 may vary in the depth direction of the scored groove 25 .
  • the thickness in the middle of the opening area 24 is smaller than the thickness at the edges.
  • the orthogonally projected outer edge of the groove 221 and the orthogonal projected outer edge of the scored groove 25 have an overlapping area. That is, the score groove 25 is provided at the edge of the bottom wall of the groove 221 . This ensures that the front projection area of the opening area 24 is maximized, which helps to improve the pressure relief capability of the explosion-proof valve 20 .
  • the shape of the explosion-proof valve 20 may be an oval shape, a racetrack shape, or the like. With this arrangement, the explosion-proof valve 20 can better match the battery case 10 , for example, can better match the shape of the cover plate of the battery case 10 . When the selected explosion-proof valve 20 is oval or racetrack-shaped, the exhaust volume of the explosion-proof valve 20 per unit time is larger and the pressure relief effect is better.
  • the explosion-proof valve 20 is a flat piece structure.
  • a groove 221 is formed on the flat sheet structure, and a score groove 25 is formed on the edge of the bottom wall of the groove 221 .
  • the energy density of the battery 100 is ED.
  • ED satisfies: 200wh/kg ⁇ ED ⁇ 280wh/kg.
  • the energy of the battery 100 is greater, and there are more active materials inside the battery 100, or materials with higher activity. Therefore, while allowing the battery 100 to have better electrochemical performance, the exhaust volume of the explosion-proof valve 20 from the battery 100 needs to be more accurate. Designed to ensure the timely opening of the explosion-proof valve 20 under extreme circumstances and to avoid mis-starting of the explosion-proof valve 20.
  • the battery module 200 includes the battery 100 according to the above-described first embodiment.
  • the battery module 200 includes a plurality of batteries 100 arranged side by side. Multiple batteries 100 can be connected in series or in parallel. In the description of the present disclosure, "plurality" means two or more. Therefore, the battery module 200 using the above-mentioned battery 100 can increase the safety of the battery module 200 .
  • the battery module 200 may also include two end plates (not shown) and two side plates (not shown). The two end plates are distributed at both ends of the plurality of batteries 100 along the first direction.
  • the two side plates The plates are distributed on both sides of the plurality of batteries 100 along the second direction, and the end plates and side plates are fixedly connected to fix the batteries 100.
  • the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction; of course, in other embodiments, the battery module 200 can also be It includes two end plates and cable ties (not shown). The two end plates are distributed at both ends of the plurality of batteries 100 and fixed by cable ties.
  • the battery module 200 has good safety and long service life.
  • the battery pack 300 includes the battery 100 according to the first embodiment, or the battery module 200 according to the second embodiment.
  • the battery pack 300 includes a tray (not shown), the battery 100 or the battery module 200 is fixed in the tray, and the tray is used to fix the battery pack 300 on the vehicle 400 .
  • the battery 100 in the above embodiment can be directly arranged in the tray, or the battery module 200 in the above embodiment can be fixed in the tray.
  • the explosion-proof valve 20 of the battery 100 in the battery module 200 can be disposed close to the bottom of the battery module 200, so that the battery 100 can avoid the airflow from rushing to the inside of the vehicle body when the battery 100 is heated and decompressed, thereby avoiding the risk of accidents. hazard, improving the stability of using the battery pack 300.
  • a vehicle 400 according to an embodiment of the fourth aspect of the present disclosure includes the battery 100 of the above-described first embodiment or the battery pack 300 according to the above-described third embodiment. Therefore, the possibility of explosion of the vehicle 400 can be reduced, thereby improving the safety performance of the vehicle 400 .
  • battery 100 may be mounted directly on vehicle 400 .
  • the battery 100 is assembled into a battery pack 300 and the battery pack 300 is installed on the vehicle 400 .
  • first feature and second feature may include one or more of the features.
  • plural means two or more.
  • a first feature being “above” or “below” a second feature may include the first and second features being in direct contact, or may include the first and second features being in direct contact with each other. The second features are not in direct contact but through another feature between them.
  • terms “above”, “above” and “above” a first feature on a second feature include the first feature being directly above and diagonally above the second feature, or simply mean that the first feature is horizontally higher than Second characteristic.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Gas Exhaust Devices For Batteries (AREA)

Abstract

一种车辆具有电池包。电池包包括电池或电池模组。电池包括电池壳体和防爆阀。防爆阀设在电池壳体上。电池的体积为V，V的单位为mm3。防爆阀上设有刻痕槽，防爆阀具有开启区。在刻痕槽的深度方向上，开启区的正投影的外缘为预定开启边界，且开启区的正投影的面积为S，S的单位为mm2。其中，S、V满足：0.3mm-1≤(5000×S)/V≤6mm-1。

Description

电池、电池模组、电池包和车辆
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求比亚迪股份有限公司于2022年05月12日提交的名称为“电池、电池模组、电池包和车辆”的中国专利申请号“202210512534.7”的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本公开涉及电池技术领域，尤其是涉及一种电池、电池模组、电池包和车辆。
背景技术
相关技术中，电池(例如锂离子电池)的防爆阀设计是为了在电池发生滥用、电池内部气压增加时，防爆阀能及时开启泄压，从而防止电池发生起火、爆炸等安全问题。然而，在实际应用中，存在由于电池泄压不及时或泄压速度不够快，而导致电池发生起火、爆炸等安全事故的问题。
公开内容
本公开旨在至少解决现有技术中存在的技术问题之一。为此，本公开的第一个目的在于提出一种电池，可以提高电池使用的安全性。
本公开的另一个目的在于提出一种包括上述电池的电池模组。
本公开的再一个目的在于提出一种包括上述电池或上述电池模组的电池包。
本公开的又一个目的在于提出一种包括上述电池或电池包的车辆。
根据本公开第一方面实施例的用于电池的电池，包括电池壳体和防爆阀，所述防爆阀设在所述电池壳体上，所述电池的体积为V，V的单位为mm3，所述防爆阀上设有刻痕槽，所述防爆阀具有开启区，在所述刻痕槽的深度方向上，所述开启区的正投影的外缘为预定开启边界，且所述开启区的正投影的面积为S，所述S的单位为mm2，其中，所述S、V满足：0.3mm-1≤(5000×S)/V。
根据本公开实施例的防爆阀，通过控制开启区的面积S和电池的体积V的比值，可以有效提高电池的泄压速率，能够将电池内部的压力及时、迅速地排泄出来，提升了对电池的保护。此外，防爆阀的结构强度高，可以保证电池的安全使用。
根据本公开的一些示例，所述S、V满足：(5000×S)/V≤6mm-1。
根据本公开的一些示例，当所述电池的正极材料为具有橄榄石型结构的化合物时，所述S、V进一步满足：0.3mm-1≤5000×S/V≤5mm-1；当所述电池的正极材料含有层状化合物时，所述S、V进一步满足：0.5mm-1≤5000×S/V≤6mm-1。
根据本公开的一些示例，所述S满足：80mm2≤S≤1600mm2。
根据本公开的一些示例，所述V满足：40000mm3≤V≤3500000mm3。
根据本公开的一些示例，所述刻痕槽包括相对设置的两个第一圆弧段、第一直线段以及间隔设置的两个第二直线段，所述第一直线段与所述第二直线段平行设置，所述第一直线段的两端分别与两个所述第一圆弧段连接，每个所述第二直线段与对应的所述第一圆弧段连接；在所述刻痕槽的深度方向上，所述刻痕槽的正投影的外缘的两个自由端相连构成连接线，所述连接线与所述刻痕槽的正投影的外缘共同构成所述预定开启边界。
根据本公开的一些示例，所述开启区上形成有第一加强槽，所述第一加强槽包括两个第四圆弧段，两个所述第四圆弧段沿所述防爆阀的宽度方向对称设置，且两个所述第四圆弧段的顶点重合，其中一个所述第四圆弧段的两端延伸至所述第二直线段，另一个所述第四圆弧段分两端延伸至所述第一直线段。
根据本公开的一些示例，在所述刻痕槽的深度方向上，所述第一加强槽的深度小于所述刻痕槽的深度。
根据本公开的一些示例，所述刻痕槽包括相对设置的两个第二圆弧段和两个平行设置的第三直线段，每个所述第三直线段的两端分别与两个所述第二圆弧段连接，两个所述第三直线段和两个所述第二圆弧段构成封闭的环状结构；在所述刻痕槽的深度方向上，所述刻痕槽的正投影的外缘构成所述预定开启边界。
根据本公开的一些示例，所述开启区上形成有第二加强槽，所述第二加强槽包括两个第八直线段和一个第九直线段，两个所述第八直线段的一端与所述第九直线段连接，两个所述第八直线段之间形成有夹角，两个所述第八直线段的另一端分别延伸至两个所述第三直线段，所述第九直线段的另一端与所述第二圆弧段相连。
根据本公开的一些示例，所述刻痕槽包括第四直线段以及四个第五直线段，所述第四直线段的两端分别连接有呈预设夹角设置的两个所述第五直线段；在所述刻痕槽的深度方向上，位于所述第四直线段同一端的两个所述第五直线段的正投影的自由端之间限定出弧形段，所述弧形段以所述预设夹角的顶点为圆心，位于所述第四直线段同一侧的 两个所述第五直线段的正投影的自由端之间限定出第六直线段，两个所述弧形段和两个所述第六直线段共同构成所述预定开启边界。
根据本公开的一些示例，所述防爆阀包括连接段、支撑段和缓冲段，所述连接段连接在所述支撑段的外周侧，所述支撑段与所述连接段沿所述支撑段的厚度方向间隔设置，所述缓冲段连接在所述连接段和所述支撑段之间，所述开启区设在所述支撑段上。
根据本公开的一些示例，所述防爆阀上形成有凹槽，所述刻痕槽形成在所述凹槽的底壁上。
根据本公开的一些示例，在所述刻痕槽的深度方向上，所述凹槽的正投影的外缘与所述刻痕槽的正投影的外缘具有重合区域。
根据本公开的一些示例，所述防爆阀的形状为椭圆形或者跑道形。
根据本公开的一些示例，所述防爆阀为平片结构。
根据本公开的一些示例，所述电池的能量密度为ED，所述ED满足：200wh/kg≤ED≤280wh/kg。
根据本公开第二方面实施例的电池模组，包括根据本公开上述第一方面实施例的电池。
根据本公开第三方面实施例的电池包，包括根据本公开上述第一方面实施例的电池或根据本公开上述第二方面实施例的电池模组。
根据本公开第四方面实施例的车辆，包括根据上述第一方面实施例的电池，或者根据本公开上述第三方面实施例的电池包。
本公开的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，部分将从下面的描述中变得明显，或通过本公开的实践了解到。
附图说明
本公开的上述和/或附加的方面和优点从结合下面附图对实施例的描述中将变得明显和容易理解，其中：
图1是根据本公开实施例的电池的示意图；
图2是根据本公开实施例的防爆阀的剖面示意图；
图3是根据本公开一个实施例的防爆阀的示意图；
图4是根据本公开另一个实施例的防爆阀的示意图；
图5是根据本公开再一个实施例的防爆阀的示意图；
图6是根据本公开又一个实施例的防爆阀的示意图；
图7是根据本公开对比例1和实施例1-3的电池的泄压速率的对比示意图；
图8是根据本公开对比例1和实施例4-6的电池的泄压速率的对比示意图；
图9是根据本公开对比例2和实施例7-9的电池的泄压速率的对比示意图；
图10是根据本公开对比例2和实施例10-12的电池的泄压速率的对比示意图；
图11是根据本公开实施例的平片结构防爆阀的示意图；
图12是根据本公开实施例的平片结构防爆阀的剖面示意图；
图13是根据本公开的车辆的示意图；
图14是根据本公开另一个实施例的车辆的示意图；
图15是根据本公开再一个实施例的车辆的示意图。
附图标记：
电池100；
电池壳体10；
防爆阀20；连接段21；支撑段22；缓冲段23；凹槽221；开启区24；刻痕槽25；
第一圆弧段251；第一直线段252；第二直线段253；第二圆弧段254；第三直线段255；第四直线段256；第五直线段257；第六直线段258；弧形段259；第四圆弧段260；第八直线段261；第九直线段262；连接线263；
第七直线段27；第三圆弧段28；第一加强槽29；第二加强槽290；
电池模组200；电池包300；车辆400。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本公开的实施例，参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，下面参考图1-图12描述根据本公开第一方面实施例的电池100。
如图1-图12所示，根据本公开第一方面实施例的电池100，包括电池壳体10和防爆阀20。
具体而言，电池100的体积为V，V的单位为mm3。防爆阀20上设有刻痕槽25，防爆阀20具有开启区24。在刻痕槽25的深度方向(也即刻痕槽25的槽顶到槽底方向)上，开启区24的正投影的外缘为预定开启边界。开启区24的正投影的面积为S，S的单位为mm2。其中，S、V满足：0.3mm-1≤(5000×S)/V。上述公式中，开启区24的正投影的面积S的单位为平方毫米，电池100的体积V的单位为立方毫米。当电池100内部压 力过大时，可以将电池100内部的气体从防爆阀20的开启区24处顺利释放出去，以保证电池100的安全使用。由此，通过控制开启区24的正投影的面积S与电池100的体积V的比值在一个合适的范围内，一方面，可以有效地提高电池100的泄压速率，能够将电池100内部的压力及时、迅速地从防爆阀20的开启区24处排出，提升了对电池100的保护。另一方面，防爆阀20的结构强度高，可以保证电池100的安全使用。
根据本公开实施例的电池100，通过控制开启区24的正投影的面积S与电池100的体积V的比值，可以有效提高电池100的泄压速率，能够将电池100内部的压力及时、迅速地排出，提升了对电池100的保护。此外，防爆阀20的结构强度高，可以保证电池100的安全使用。
根据本发明的一些实施例，S、V满足：5000×S/V≤6mm-1。由此，通过控制开启区24的正投影的面积S与电池100的体积V的比值在一个合适的范围内，一方面可以有效提高电池100的泄压速率，能够将电池100内部的压力及时、迅速地排出，提升了对电池100的保护，另一方面，防爆阀20的结构强度高，保证电池100的安全使用。
根据本公开的一些实施例，当电池100的正极材料为具有橄榄石型结构的化合物时，S、V进一步满足：0.3mm-1≤5000×S/V≤5mm-1。如此设置，通过选择具有橄榄石型结构的化合物作为电池100的正极材料，可以使电池100具有优异的电化学性能，例如电池100的容量高。如果5000倍的S与V的比值小于0.3mm-1时，则开启区24的面积较小，可能无法满足将电池100内部的气体及时排出的需要。如果5000倍的S与V的比值大于5mm-1时，则开启区24的面积较大，防爆阀20的结构强度可能会降低，从而影响了电池100的安全使用。由此，通过设计S、V满足0.3mm-1≤5000×S/V≤5mm-1，开启区24的面积在电池100体积中的占比大小适宜，能够满足电池100具有优异的电化学性能的同时，也保证电池100内部的压力能够及时、快速地排出，从而可以有效地提升电池100的安全性。其中，具有橄榄石型结构的化合物可以为磷酸铁锂、磷酸锰铁锂、或磷酸铁锂和磷酸锰铁锂的混合物等，但不限于此。
根据本公开的另一些实施例，当电池100的正极材料含有层状化合物时，S、V进一步满足：0.5mm-1≤5000×S/V≤6mm-1。由于锂镍钴锰氧三元层状材料的活性较高，通过选择锂镍钴锰氧三元层状材料、磷酸铁锂和锂镍钴锰氧三元层状材料的组合、或锰铁锂和锂镍钴锰氧三元层状材料的组合等高活性的材料作为电池100的正极材料，电池100内部活性材料的占比较大，从而电池100的能量更大，电池100的电化学性能更优，例如电池100的容量更高。因此，上述电池100对防爆阀20的泄压速率具有更高的要求。如果5000倍的S与V的比值小于0.5mm-1时，则开启区24的面积较小，可能无法满足将电池 100内部的气体尽快排出的需要。如果5000倍的S与V的比值大于6mm-1时，则开启区24的面积较大，电池100的安全性能会降低。因此，通过设计S、V满足0.5mm-1≤5000×S/V≤6mm-1，开启区24的面积在电池100体积中的占比大小适宜，能够满足电池100具有优异的充放电性能的同时，保证了电池100内部的压力能够及时、快速地泄出，从而保证了电池100可以安全使用。
下面通过对比例1～2(也即现有技术)和实施例1～12(也即本申请实施例)进行说明。采用GB/T 31485-2015规定的方法分别对对比例1～2中的电池100、以及实施例1～12中的电池100进行测试，并记录相应的电池100的泄压速率曲线。现有技术的电池与实施例的电池100基本相同，其不同之处仅在于S、V的取值。
其中，当电池100的正极材料为磷酸铁锂时，对比例1的电池的开启区24的面积S、电池100的体积V，以及实施例1～6中的电池100的开启区24的正投影的面积S、电池100的体积V选自下表1，泄压速率测试结果见图7、图8。
表1
结合表1、图7和图8可知，图7为实施例1～实施例3与对比例1在电池内部压力增加进行泄压时，电池内部的气压变化曲线图。图8为实施例4～实施例6与对比例1在电池内部压力增加进行泄压时，电池内部的气压变化曲线图。从曲线图中可以看出，单位时间内，实施例1～6中电池100的气压下降的变化值大于对比例1中电池100的气压下降的变化值。
当电池100的正极材料为锂镍钴锰氧三元层状材料时，对比例2的电池100的开启区24的正投影的面积S、电池100的体积V，以及实施例7～12中的电池100的开启区24的正投影的S、电池100的体积V选自下表2，泄压速率测试结果见图9、图10。
表2

结合表2、图9和图10可知，图9为实施例7～9与对比例2在电池100的内部压力增加进行泄压时，电池100内部的气压变化曲线图。图10为实施例10～12与对比例2在电池100内部压力增加进行泄压时，电池100内部的气压变化曲线图。从曲线图中可以看出，单位时间内，实施例7～实施例12中电池100的气压下降的变化值大于对比例1中电池100的气压下降的变化值。
由此，结合实施例1～实施例12，本公开实施方案所保护的5000×S/V的取值范围，可以有效增加开启区10的面积，提高单位时间内防爆阀20的排气量，增加使用本公开防爆阀20的电池100的安全性。
在一些实施例中，S满足：80mm2≤S≤1600mm2。如果开启区24的正投影的面积小于80mm2，则开启区24的面积较小，可能无法满足将电池100内部的气体尽快排出的需要。如果开启区24的正投影的面积大于1600mm2，则开启区24的面积较大，防爆阀20的结构强度可能会降低。
在一些实施例中，V满足：40000mm3≤V≤3500000mm3。如果电池100体积小于40000mm3，则电池100的体积较小，电池100的化学性能较差。如果电池100体积大于3500000mm3，则电池100体积较大，防爆阀20的结构强度可能会降低，电池100的安全性能下降。
由此，通过设置S、V分别满足：80mm2≤S≤1600mm2、40000mm3≤V≤3500000mm3。开启区24的面积大小适宜，在保证防爆阀20结构强度的同时，提高了防爆阀20的泄压速率。而且，电池100的体积大小适宜，能够满足电池100具有优异的充放电性能的同时，保证电池100内部压力增大后能够及时排出，保证了电池100可以安全使用。
根据本公开的一些实施例，刻痕槽25为C形刻痕槽或双Y形刻痕槽。刻痕槽25的样式不局限于上述形状，可以是任意形状的刻痕槽25。刻痕槽25可以根据需要设计满足不同的使用场合。
根据本公开的一些具体实施例，结合图3和图4，刻痕槽25为C形刻痕槽。刻痕槽25包括相对设置的两个第一圆弧段251、第一直线段252以及间隔设置的两个第二直线段253。第一直线段252与第二直线段253平行设置。第一直线段252的两端分别与两个第一圆弧段251连接。每个第二直线段253与对应的第一圆弧段251连接。换句话说， 第一直线段252连接两个第一圆弧段251的一端，两个第一圆弧段251的另一端分别连接一个第二直线段253，且两个第二直线段253之间间隔设置。在刻痕槽25的深度方向上，刻痕槽25的正投影的外缘的两个自由端相连构成连接线263。即，两个第二直线段253远离防爆阀中心的一侧边缘之间的连线为连接线263，连接线263与刻痕槽25的正投影的外缘共同构成预定开启边界。此时，预定开启边界内限定的区域的面积(也即在刻痕槽25的深度方向上，开启区24的正投影的面积)为Sc，Sc＝a1×b1+π×b1 2/4，刻痕槽25的总长为Lc，Lc＝2a1-c1+πb1。其中，a1表示第一直线段252的长度，b1表示第一直线段252的外侧与第二直线段253的外侧之间的距离，c1表示两个第二直线段253之间的距离，即连接线263的长度。
进一步地，上述刻痕槽25的横截面积可以为矩形，也可以为倒梯形。此处的“横截面”为与刻痕槽25的深度方向相平行的平面。当刻痕槽25的横截面为倒梯形时，刻痕槽25的宽度沿朝向刻痕槽25的槽底的方向逐渐减小。此时，a1可以理解为第一直线段252的位于槽顶处或开口处的外缘的长度，b1可以理解为第一圆弧段251的位于槽顶处或开口处的外缘的直径。换言之，在刻痕槽25的深度方向(也即在刻痕槽25的槽口到槽底的方向)上，刻痕槽25的正投影的外缘包括两个相对的半圆，b1可以理解为该半圆的直径，a1可以理解为两个半圆的圆心之间的距离。
在一些实施例中，如图4所示，刻痕槽25为C形刻痕槽，开启区24上还设有起结构加强作用的第一加强槽29，第一加强槽29呈X形。第一加强槽29包括两个第四圆弧段260。两个第四圆弧段260在防爆阀的宽度方向(例如，图4中的上下方向)对称设置，且两个第四圆弧段260的顶点重合。其中一个第四圆弧段260的两端延伸并分别止抵在第二直线段253上，另一个第四圆弧段260的两端延伸并分别止抵在第一直线段252上。在刻痕槽25的深度方向上，第一加强槽29的深度小于刻痕槽25的深度。此时预定开启边界内限定的区域的面积(也即在刻痕槽25的深度方向上，开启区24的正投影的面积)为Sx且Sx＝Sc＝a2×b2+π×b2 2/4，刻痕槽25的总长为Lx，Lx＝Lc＝2a2-c2+πb2。其中，a2表示第一直线段252的长度，b2表示第一直线段252的外侧与第二直线段253的外侧之间的距离，c2表示两个第二直线段253之间的距离。
进一步地，上述刻痕槽25的横截面积可以为矩形，也可以为倒梯形。此处的“横截面”为与刻痕槽25的深度方向相平行的平面。当刻痕槽25的横截面为倒梯形时，刻痕槽25的宽度沿朝向刻痕槽25的槽底的方向逐渐减小。此时，a2可以理解为第一直线段252的位于槽顶处或开口处的外缘的长度，b2可以理解为第一圆弧段251的位于槽顶处或开口处的外缘的直径。换言之，在刻痕槽25的深度方向(也即在刻痕槽25的槽口 到槽底的方向)上，刻痕槽25的正投影的外缘包括两个相对的半圆，b2可以理解为该半圆的直径，a2可以理解为两个半圆的圆心之间的距离。
根据本公开的一些具体实施例，如图5所示，刻痕槽25为环形刻痕槽。开启区24上还设有起结构加强作用的第二加强槽290，第二加强槽290呈Y形。第二加强槽290位于环形刻痕槽的内侧且与环形刻痕槽连接。例如，环形刻痕槽包括相对设置的两个第二圆弧段254和平行设置的两个第三直线段255。每个第三直线段255的两端分别与两个第二圆弧段254连接，两个第三直线段255和两个第二圆弧段254构成封闭的环状结构。在刻痕槽25的深度方向上，刻痕槽25的正投影的外缘构成预定开启边界。预定开启边界可以由两个第三直线段255和两个第二圆弧段254远离防爆阀中心的一侧边缘围成。
第二加强槽290包括两个第八直线段261和一个第九直线段262。两个第八直线段261的一端与第九直线段262连接，两个第八直线段261之间形成有夹角α，两个第八直线段261的另一端可以分别连接在一个第三直线段255上。第九直线段262的另一端可以与第二圆弧段254连接。开启区24上第二加强槽290对应的厚度可以小于环形刻痕槽对应的厚度。也即第二加强槽290的深度小于环形刻痕槽的深度。如此设置，当电池100内部压力增大时，开启区24在电池100内部压力的作用下向外凸出，第二加强槽290可以通过变形抵抗开启区24的变形，从而增加开启区24的结构强度和抵抗变形的能力，可以有效避免防爆阀20的误开启。此时预定开启边界内限定的区域的面积(也即在刻痕槽25的深度方向上，开启区24的正投影的面积)为Sy,Sy＝a3×b3+π×b3 2/4，刻痕槽25的总长为Ly，Ly＝2c3+d3。其中，a3为第三直线段255的长度，b3为两个第三直线段255的外侧之间的距离，c3为第八直线段261的长度，d3为第九直线段262的长度。
进一步地，上述刻痕槽25的横截面积可以为矩形，也可以为倒梯形。此处的“横截面”为与刻痕槽25的深度方向相平行的平面。当刻痕槽25的横截面为倒梯形时，刻痕槽25的宽度沿朝向刻痕槽25的槽底的方向逐渐减小。此时，a3可以理解为第三直线段255的位于槽顶处或开口处的外缘的长度，b3可以理解为第二圆弧段254的位于槽顶处或开口处的外缘的直径。换言之，在刻痕槽25的深度方向(也即在刻痕槽25的槽口到槽底的方向)上，刻痕槽25的正投影的外缘包括两个相对的半圆，b3可以理解为该半圆的直径，a3可以理解为两个半圆的圆心之间的距离。
根据本公开的一些具体实施例，参照图6，刻痕槽25为双Y形刻痕槽。当电池100内部压力增大需要泄压时，内部压力可以从双Y形刻痕槽处泄出，以使开启区24翻转开以实现泄压。例如，双Y形刻痕槽包括第四直线段256以及四个第五直线段257。第 四直线段256的两端分别连接有两个呈预设夹角设置的两个第五直线段257。在刻痕槽25的深度方向上，位于第四直线段256同一端的两个第五直线段257的正投影的自由端之间限定出弧形段259，弧形段259以上述两个第五直线段257的预设夹角的顶点为圆心。位于第四直线段256同一侧的两个第五直线段257的正投影的自由端之间限定出第六直线段258。两个弧形段259和两个第六直线段258共同构成预定开启边界。需要说明的是，由于第四直线段256和第五直线段257的宽度相对较小，可以忽略不计，因此弧形段259和第六直线段258可以近似相交于一点。弧形段259可以理解为位于第四直线段256同一端的两个第五直线段257的正投影的彼此靠近一侧的自由端限定出。第六直线段258可以理解为位于第四直线段256同一侧的两个第五直线段257的正投影的彼此靠近一侧的自由端限定出。
此时，预定开启边界内限定的区域的面积(也即在刻痕槽25的深度方向上，开启区24的正投影的面积)为S双y,刻痕槽25的总长为L双y＝a4+4c4。其中，位于第四直线段256的同一端的两个第五直线段257的“自由端E”可以指：位于第四直线段256的同一端的两个第五直线段257彼此靠近的一侧的端点。位于第四直线段256两端的且位于第四直线段256同一侧的两个第五直线段257的“自由端F”可以是指：位于第四直线段256两端、且位于第四直线段256同一侧的两个第五直线段257彼此靠近的一侧的端点。其中，a4为第四直线段256的长度，b4为位于第四直线段256同一侧的两个第五直线段257的自由端F之间的距离，c4为第五直线段257的长度。
由此，不同形状的刻痕槽25可以改变开启区24的结构强度。可以根据设计标准的不同选择合适的刻痕槽25，降低防爆阀20的工艺难度，提升了防爆阀20的泄压速度，提高了电池100的安全性能。
进一步地，上述刻痕槽25的横截面积可以为矩形，也可以为倒梯形。此处的“横截面”为与刻痕槽25的深度方向相平行的平面。当刻痕槽25的横截面为倒梯形时，刻痕槽25的宽度沿朝向刻痕槽25的槽底的方向逐渐减小。此时，a4可以理解为第四直线段256的位于槽顶处或开口处的外缘的长度，b4为位于第四直线段256同一侧的两个第五直线段257的位于槽顶处或开口处的自由端F之间的距离，c4为第五直线段257的位于槽顶处或开口处的外缘的长度。
根据本公开的一些具体实施例，如图2所示，防爆阀20包括连接段21、支撑段22和缓冲段23。防爆阀20通过连接段21与电池壳体10相连。连接段21连接在支撑段 22的外周侧，支撑段22与连接段21沿支撑段22的厚度方向间隔设置。缓冲段23连接在连接段21和支撑段22之间，开启区24设在支撑段22上。由此，连接段21可以实现防爆阀20与电池壳体10的固定连接，支撑段22可以增加开启区24的结构强度，避免开启区24受外力扭转变形。而且，通过在连接段21和支撑段22之间设置缓冲段23，缓冲段23可以吸收开启区24与支撑段22焊接时的热应力，提高防爆阀20的可靠性和安全性。
可选地，支撑段22位于连接段21的邻近电池壳体10中心的一侧，以使防爆阀20整体向电池100内部的方向凹陷，这样可以有效地避免由于外力冲击开启区24而导致开启区24的异常开启。
根据本公开的一些具体实施例，如图2所示，支撑段22上形成有凹槽221，刻痕槽25形成在凹槽221的底壁上。由此，可以增加支撑段22对开启区24的保护。同时，实现对开启区24的减薄处理，便于当防爆阀20内部压力增加需要泄压时，开启区24能够顺利打开，从而可以避免防爆阀20失效。
此外，在刻痕槽25的深度方向上，开启区24的厚度可以是变化的。例如，开启区24中间的厚度小于边缘的厚度。由此，保证了开启区24与支撑段22连接的强度，也可以降低开启区24的生产成本。
根据本公开的一些具体实施例，在刻痕槽25的深度方向上，凹槽221的正投影的外缘与刻痕槽25的正投影的外缘具有重合区域。也即，刻痕槽25设于凹槽221的底壁的边缘。由此，可以保证开启区24正投影面积的最大化，有助于提高防爆阀20的泄压能力。
根据本公开的一些可选实施例，防爆阀20的形状可以为椭圆形或者跑道形等。如此设置，防爆阀20可以更好地匹配电池壳体10，例如可以更好地匹配电池壳体10的盖板的形状。当选用的防爆阀20为椭圆形或跑道形时，防爆阀20在单位时间内的排气量更大，泄压效果更好。
如图11-12所示，根据本公开的一些实施例，防爆阀20为平片结构。平片结构上形成有凹槽221，凹槽221的底壁的边缘形成有刻痕槽25。如此设置，当电池100内部压力增大需要泄压时，平片结构的防爆阀20容易变形，电池100内部的气体可以沿刻痕槽25围合成的开启区24排出，可以更好地匹配电池壳体10快速泄压。
可选地，电池100的能量密度为ED。其中，ED满足：200wh/kg≤ED≤280wh/kg。如此设置，电池100的能量较大，电池100内部活性材料更多，或具有更高活性的材料。由此，使电池100具有更优的电化学性能的同时，电池100对防爆阀20排气量需要更准确的 设计，以保证防爆阀20在极端情况下的及时开启，同时也可以避免防爆阀20的误启动。
根据本公开第二方面实施例的电池模组200，参照图13和图14，包括根据上述第一方面实施例的电池100。其中，电池模组200包括并排布置的多个电池100。多个电池100之间可以串联或者并联连接。在本公开的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上。由此，电池模组200采用上述电池100，可以增加电池模组200的安全性。电池模组200还可以包括两个端板(图未示出)和两个侧板(图未示出)，两个端板分布于多个电池100沿第一方向的两端，两个侧板分布于多个电池100沿第二方向的两侧，端板与侧板固定连接以固定电池100，第一方向与第二方向垂直；当然，在其他实施例中，电池模组200也可以包含两个端板和扎带(图未示出)，两个端板分布于多个电池100的两端并通过扎带固定。
根据本公开实施例的电池模组200，电池模组200的安全性好，使用寿命长。
根据本公开第三方面实施例的电池包300，参照图13和图14，包括根据上述第一方面实施例的电池100，或根据上述第二方面实施例的电池模组200。其中，电池包300包括托盘(图未示出)，电池100或电池模组200固定于托盘内，托盘用于将电池包300固定在车辆400上。上述实施例中的电池100可以直接布置于托盘内，或上述实施例中的电池模组200固定于托盘内。
根据本公开实施例的电池包300，电池模组200内电池100的防爆阀20可以靠近电池模组200的下方设置，以使电池100在受热泄压时能够避免气流冲向车身内部，避免二次危害，提高了使用电池包300的稳定性。
根据本公开第四方面实施例的车辆400，参照图13-图15，包括上述第一方面实施例的电池100、或者包括根据上述第三方面实施例的电池包300。由此，可以降低车辆400爆燃的可能性，从而提高了车辆400的安全性能。例如，在一些实施例中，电池100可以直接安装于车辆400上。在另一些实施例中，电池100组装成电池包300，电池包300安装于车辆400上。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示意性实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本公开的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。
在本公开的描述中，“第一特征”、“第二特征”可以包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本公开的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上。在本公开的描述中，第一特征在第二特征“之上”或“之下”可以包括第一和第二特征直接接触，也可以包括第一和 第二特征不是直接接触而是通过它们之间的另外的特征接触。在本公开的描述中，第一特征在第二特征“之上”、“上方”和“上面”包括第一特征在第二特征正上方和斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。
尽管已经示出和描述了本公开的实施例，本领域的普通技术人员可以理解：在不脱离本公开的原理和宗旨的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本公开的范围由权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种电池(100)，其特征在于，包括：
    电池壳体(10)；
    防爆阀(20)，所述防爆阀(20)设在所述电池壳体(10)上，所述电池(100)的体积为V，V的单位为mm3，所述防爆阀(20)上设有刻痕槽(25)，所述防爆阀(20)具有开启区(24)，在所述刻痕槽(25)的深度方向上，所述开启区(24)的正投影的外缘为预定开启边界，且所述开启区(24)的正投影的面积为S，S的单位为mm2，其中，所述S、V满足：0.3mm-1≤(5000×S)/V。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池(100)，其特征在于，所述S、V满足：(5000×S)/V≤6mm-1。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的电池(100)，其特征在于，当所述电池(100)的正极材料为具有橄榄石型结构的化合物时，所述S、V进一步满足：0.3mm-1≤(5000×S)/V≤5mm-1；
    当所述电池(100)的正极材料含有层状化合物时，所述S、V进一步满足：0.5mm-1≤(5000×S)/V≤6mm-1。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的电池(100)，其特征在于，所述S满足：80mm2≤S≤1600mm2。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的电池(100)，其特征在于，所述V满足：40000mm3≤V≤3500000mm3。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的电池(100)，其特征在于，所述刻痕槽(25)包括相对设置的两个第一圆弧段(251)、第一直线段(252)以及间隔设置的两个第二直线段(253)，所述第一直线段(252)与所述第二直线段(253)平行设置，所述第一直线段(252)的两端分别与两个所述第一圆弧段(251)连接，每个所述第二直线段(253)与对应的所述第一圆弧段(251)连接；
    在所述刻痕槽(25)的深度方向上，所述刻痕槽(25)的正投影的外缘的两个自由端相连构成连接线(263)，所述连接线(263)与所述刻痕槽(25)的正投影的外缘共同构成所述预定开启边界。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的电池(100)，其特征在于，所述开启区(24)上形成有第一加强槽(29)，所述第一加强槽(29)包括两个第四圆弧段(260)，两个所述第四 圆弧段(260)沿所述防爆阀(20)的宽度方向对称设置，且两个所述第四圆弧段(260)的顶点重合，其中一个所述第四圆弧段(260)的两端延伸至所述第二直线段(253)，另一个所述第四圆弧段(260)分两端延伸至所述第一直线段(252)。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电池(100)，其特征在于，在所述刻痕槽(25)的深度方向上，所述第一加强槽(29)的深度小于所述刻痕槽(25)的深度。
  9. 根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的电池(100)，其特征在于，所述刻痕槽(25)包括相对设置的两个第二圆弧段(254)和两个平行设置的第三直线段(255)，每个所述第三直线段(255)的两端分别与两个所述第二圆弧段(254)连接，两个所述第三直线段(255)和两个所述第二圆弧段(254)构成封闭的环状结构；
    在所述刻痕槽(25)的深度方向上，所述刻痕槽(25)的正投影的外缘构成所述预定开启边界。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的电池(100)，其特征在于，所述开启区(24)上形成有第二加强槽(290)，所述第二加强槽(290)包括两个第八直线段(261)和一个第九直线段(262)，两个所述第八直线段(261)的一端与所述第九直线段(262)连接，两个所述第八直线段(261)之间形成有夹角，两个所述第八直线段(261)的另一端分别延伸至两个所述第三直线段(255)，所述第九直线段(262)的另一端与所述第二圆弧段(254)相连。
  11. 根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的电池(100)，其特征在于，所述刻痕槽(25)包括第四直线段(256)以及四个第五直线段(257)，所述第四直线段(256)的两端分别连接有呈预设夹角设置的两个所述第五直线段(257)；
    在所述刻痕槽(25)的深度方向上，位于所述第四直线段(256)同一端的两个所述第五直线段(257)的正投影的自由端之间限定出弧形段(259)，所述弧形段(259)以所述预设夹角的顶点为圆心，位于所述第四直线段(256)同一侧的两个所述第五直线段(257)的正投影的自由端之间限定出第六直线段(258)，两个所述弧形段(259)和两个所述第六直线段(258)共同构成所述预定开启边界。
  12. 根据权利要求1-11中任一项所述的电池(100)，其特征在于，所述防爆阀(20)包括连接段(21)、支撑段(22)和缓冲段(23)，所述连接段(21)连接在所述支撑段(22)的外周侧，所述支撑段(22)与所述连接段(21)沿所述支撑段(22)的厚度方向间隔设置，所述缓冲段(23)连接在所述连接段(21)和所述支撑段(22)之间，所述开启区(24)设在所述支撑段(22)上。
  13. 根据权利要求1-12中任一项所述的电池(100)，其特征在于，所述防爆阀(20)上形成有凹槽(221)，所述刻痕槽(25)形成在所述凹槽(221)的底壁上。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的电池(100)，其特征在于，在所述刻痕槽(25)的深度方向上，所述凹槽(221)的正投影的外缘与所述刻痕槽(25)的正投影的外缘具有重合区域。
  15. 根据权利要求1-14中任一项所述的电池(100)，其特征在于，所述防爆阀(20)的形状为椭圆形或者跑道形。
  16. 根据权利要求1-15中任一项所述的电池(100)，其特征在于，所述防爆阀(20)为平片结构。
  17. 根据权利要求1-16中任一项所述的电池(100)，其特征在于，所述电池(100)的能量密度为ED，所述ED满足：200wh/kg≤ED≤280wh/kg。
  18. 一种电池模组(200)，其特征在于，包括根据权利要求1-17中任一项所述的电池(100)。
  19. 一种电池包(300)，其特征在于，包括根据权利要求1-17中任一项所述的电池(100)或根据权利要求18所述的电池模组(200)。
  20. 一种车辆(400)，其特征在于，包括根据权利要求1-17中任一项所述的电池(100)，或者根据权利要求19所述的电池包(300)。
PCT/CN2023/093643 2022-05-12 2023-05-11 电池、电池模组、电池包和车辆 WO2023217244A1 (zh)

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