WO2024016911A1 - 电池单体、电池及用电装置 - Google Patents

电池单体、电池及用电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024016911A1
WO2024016911A1 PCT/CN2023/100524 CN2023100524W WO2024016911A1 WO 2024016911 A1 WO2024016911 A1 WO 2024016911A1 CN 2023100524 W CN2023100524 W CN 2023100524W WO 2024016911 A1 WO2024016911 A1 WO 2024016911A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electrode lead
current collecting
welding
metal
battery cell
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2023/100524
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
牛迪
白清林
孟浩
郭鑫
冯涛
刘思奇
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
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Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Publication of WO2024016911A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024016911A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/107—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/213—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for cells having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/528—Fixed electrical connections, i.e. not intended for disconnection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H01M50/536—Electrode connections inside a battery casing characterised by the method of fixing the leads to the electrodes, e.g. by welding
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of batteries, and in particular to a battery cell, a battery and an electrical device.
  • Battery cells are widely used in electronic devices, such as mobile phones, laptops, battery cars, electric cars, electric airplanes, electric ships, electric toy cars, electric toy ships, electric toy airplanes, electric tools, etc.
  • the present application provides a battery cell, a battery and an electrical device, which can improve the yield rate of the battery cell.
  • the present application provides a battery cell, which includes a casing, an electrode assembly and a current collecting member.
  • the casing has an electrode lead-out member.
  • the electrode assembly is contained in the housing and includes tabs. collector structure The piece is used to electrically connect the tab and the electrode lead-out piece.
  • the current collecting member is welded to the electrode lead-out piece.
  • the current collecting member includes a conductive protective layer. The conductive protective layer is arranged on the side of the current collecting member away from the electrode lead-out piece.
  • the current collecting component has a conductive protective layer.
  • the conductive protective layer can protect the contact position between the current collecting component and the upper soldering pin, reduce the degree of adhesion of the current collecting component to the upper soldering pin and even avoid it.
  • the current collecting component is bonded to the upper welding pin to reduce damage to the current collecting component and improve the yield of the battery cell.
  • the current collecting member includes a current collecting plate, and the conductive protective layer is disposed on a surface of the current collecting plate facing away from the electrode lead-out member; the material of the current collecting plate includes a first metal, and the material of the conductive protective layer includes a second metal, The metal activity of the second metal is weaker than the metal activity of the first metal.
  • the metal activity of the conductive protective layer is weaker than that of the current collecting plate.
  • the current collecting plate is more likely to chemically react with the upper soldering pins made of metal to form an alloy and bond together. Therefore,
  • the metal activity of the conductive protective layer is weaker and is less likely to chemically react with the upper soldering pins, thus reducing or even avoiding the adhesion between the current collecting component and the upper soldering pins, and improving the yield rate of the battery cells.
  • the conductive protective layer is made of metal, which is easier to produce and has low production cost.
  • the current collecting plate includes a plate body and a convex portion protruding from the plate body facing the electrode lead-out member, the current collecting plate is provided with a recessed portion at a position corresponding to the convex portion, and the conductive protective layer is provided on the bottom surface of the recessed portion;
  • the electrode lead-out piece is provided with a receiving portion at a position opposite to the convex portion, and the convex portion and the receiving portion are in concave and convex fits.
  • the contact area between the current collecting plate welding area and the electrode lead-out welding area is increased, thereby increasing the overcurrent capacity of the battery cell, increasing the heat input, and accelerating the The melting speed of the current collector plate welding area and the electrode lead-out welding area further improves the welding efficiency and welding quality.
  • the arrangement of the concave portion also increases the internal space of the electrode assembly; the arrangement of the receiving portion reduces the manufacturing cost of the electrode lead-out piece.
  • a welding layer is further included, and the welding layer is connected between the current collecting member and the electrode lead-out member.
  • the welding layer can improve the formation of the current collecting member and the electrode lead-out piece in the welding area.
  • the mutual contact of metal oxide films causes problems of high welding difficulty and low welding quality, thereby improving welding quality and welding efficiency.
  • the material of the current collecting component includes a first metal
  • the material of the electrode lead-out member includes a third metal
  • the material of the welding layer includes a fourth metal
  • the metal activity of the fourth metal is weaker than that of the first metal and the third metal. Metal reactivity of any metal.
  • the first metal and the third metal are highly reactive and are prone to produce metal oxide films, causing problems such as high welding difficulty and poor welding quality.
  • the welding layer is more difficult to form a metal oxide film and the amount of the metal oxide film formed is smaller. Therefore, the two are welded through the welding layer, which can reduce the difficulty of welding and improve the quality and efficiency of welding.
  • the welding layer is made of metal, which is easier to produce and has low production cost.
  • the welding layer includes a first welding sub-layer and a second welding sub-layer arranged in a stack, the first welding sub-layer is provided on the current collecting member, and the second welding sub-layer is provided on the electrode lead-out member.
  • the first welding sub-layer is provided on the current collecting member and the second welding sub-layer is provided on the electrode lead-out member. Therefore, the current collection member and the electrode lead-out member are welded by the first welding sub-layer and the second welding sub-layer. together, and the metal activity of the first soldering sub-layer and the second soldering sub-layer is weaker than the metal activity of any one of the first metal included in the current collecting member and the third metal included in the electrode lead-out member, so Compared with the current collecting member and the electrode lead-out member, the first welding sub-layer and the second welding sub-layer are more difficult to form a metal oxide film during welding and the amount of the metal oxide film formed is smaller, so the welding difficulty is low and the welding quality is high.
  • the current collecting member includes a disk body and a convex portion protruding from the disk body facing the electrode lead-out member, the current collecting member is provided with a concave portion at a position corresponding to the convex portion, and the conductive protective layer is provided on the bottom surface of the concave portion;
  • the electrode lead-out piece is provided with a receiving portion at a position corresponding to the protruding portion, and the protruding portion matches the receiving portion concavely and convexly;
  • the first welding sub-layer is disposed on the surface of the protruding portion facing the electrode lead-out piece, and the second welding sub-layer is disposed on the bottom surface of the receiving portion.
  • the first welding sub-layer is provided on the convex part, and the second welding sub-layer is provided on the receiving part, which can increase the contact area between the current collecting plate welding area and the electrode lead-out welding area, thereby increasing the battery cell life.
  • the overcurrent capacity of the body increases the heat input and improves the welding efficiency and welding quality.
  • the convex portion is a curved structure.
  • the convex portion is arranged into a curved structure, which significantly increases the contact area between the welding area of the electrode lead-out member and the welding area of the current collecting member, thereby increasing the heat input and improving the welding efficiency and welding quality.
  • the convex portion includes a first planar portion disposed in its central area, the bottom surface of the receiving portion includes a second planar portion, and the first planar portion and the second planar portion abut and fit.
  • the convex part and the receiving part are connected through the first planar part and the second planar part.
  • the convex part and the receiving part are easy to process and manufacture, and the first planar part and the second planar part have a high degree of adhesion. , the welding quality is better.
  • the protruding portion includes a plurality of protruding structures disposed in a central region, and the protruding structures protrude in a direction toward and/or away from the bottom surface of the receiving portion.
  • the bottom surface of the receiving portion includes a third planar portion, a plurality of protruding structures It includes a plurality of protrusions protruding toward the bottom surface of the accommodating portion, and the third planar portion offsets at least part of the plurality of protrusions.
  • the receiving portion offsets at least part of the protrusion through a flat surface, which facilitates processing and manufacturing.
  • the surface of the convex portion facing away from the electrode lead-out member includes a storage portion that is in contact with the bottom surface of the recessed portion, and the storage portion is in communication with the recessed portion.
  • a storage portion is provided to accommodate the flash that overflows from the current collecting member during welding, thereby reducing the volume of flash that overflows to other parts and improving the yield of the battery cells.
  • the storage portion is disposed around the bottom surface of the recess.
  • the bottom surface surrounding the recess can play a role in containing the flash overflowing from any angle in the recess, and significantly reduce the volume of flash overflowing to other parts.
  • a groove is provided on a side of the disc body facing away from the electrode lead-out.
  • the groove is also provided to facilitate the injection of electrolyte.
  • the current collecting member and the electrode lead-out member are arranged along the first direction, and the ratio of the maximum size of the protrusion protruding from the disc body along the first direction to the size of the disc body along the first direction is 1:1-5. : 1; the ratio of the maximum size of the accommodating portion along the first direction to the size of the electrode lead-out member along the first direction is 1:2-1:5.
  • the above ratio is set to balance the welding quality and the yield rate of the battery cells, that is, the welding quality is higher and the yield rate of the battery cells is higher.
  • the current collecting member and the electrode lead-out member are arranged along the first direction, and the projection area of the convex portion on the first plane along the first direction is equal to the projection area of the current collecting plate on the first plane along the first direction.
  • the ratio of the areas is 1:4-1:12; the ratio of the projected area of the accommodating portion on the first plane along the first direction to the projected area of the electrode lead-out member on the first plane along the first direction is 1:2.5-1:6 ; Wherein, the first plane is perpendicular to the first direction.
  • the above ratio is set to balance the welding quality and the yield rate of the battery cells, that is, the welding quality is higher and the yield rate of the battery cells is higher.
  • embodiments of the present application provide a battery, including the battery cell according to any embodiment of the first aspect.
  • the present application provides an electrical device, including the battery of the second aspect, and the battery is used to provide electrical energy.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrical device provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded schematic diagram of a battery provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 4 is an exploded view of the current collecting member and the electrode lead-out member in the battery cell during the welding process according to some embodiments of the present application;
  • Figure 5 is a top view of the current collecting component in Figure 4.
  • Figure 6 is a top view of the electrode lead-out member in Figure 4.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the current collecting member and the electrode lead-out member in the battery cell during the welding process provided by some embodiments of the present application;
  • Figure 8 is a structure of a current collecting member and an electrode lead-out member provided by some embodiments of the present application. schematic diagram;
  • Figure 9 is another exploded view of the current collecting member and the electrode lead-out member in the battery cell during the welding process according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 10 is another exploded view of the current collecting member and the electrode lead-out member in the battery cell during the welding process provided by some embodiments of the present application;
  • Figure 11 is a schematic structural diagram of the current collecting component in Figure 8.
  • the reference numbers for the specific implementation are as follows: 1. Vehicle; 2. Battery; 3. Controller; 4. Motor; 5. Battery cell; 51. Housing; 511. Electrode lead-out piece; 512. Accommodation part; 513. Second plane part; 514. Third plane part; 52. electrode assembly; 521. pole lug; 53. current collecting member; 531. conductive protective layer; 532. current collecting plate; 533. plate body; 534. convex part; 535. concave part; 536. first plane part ; 537. Protruding structure; 538. Protrusion; 539. Storage part; 54. Welding layer; 541. First welding sub-layer; 542. Second welding sub-layer; 6. Upper soldering pin; 7. Lower soldering pin; 8. Box; X, first direction.
  • an embodiment means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the application.
  • the appearances of this phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense.
  • connection can be a fixed connection, It can also be detachably connected or integrally connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be internal communication between two components.
  • connection can be a fixed connection
  • connection can also be detachably connected or integrally connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be internal communication between two components.
  • connection can also be detachably connected or integrally connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be internal communication between two components.
  • “Plural” appearing in this application means two or more (including two).
  • battery cells may include lithium ion secondary battery cells, lithium ion primary battery cells, lithium sulfur battery cells, sodium lithium ion battery cells, sodium ion battery cells or magnesium ion battery cells.
  • Cell monomers, etc. are not limited in the embodiments of this application.
  • the battery cell may be in the shape of a cylinder, a flat body, a rectangular parallelepiped or other shapes, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.
  • the battery mentioned in the embodiments of this application refers to a single physical module including one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the battery mentioned in this application may include a battery module or a battery pack.
  • Batteries generally include a box for packaging one or more battery cells. The box can prevent liquid or other foreign matter from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells.
  • the battery cell includes an electrode assembly and an electrolyte.
  • the electrode assembly includes a positive electrode piece, a negative electrode piece and a separator. Battery cells mainly rely on the movement of metal ions between the positive and negative electrodes to work.
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer.
  • the positive electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive electrode current collector; the positive electrode current collector includes a positive electrode coating area and a positive electrode tab connected to the positive electrode coating area.
  • the positive electrode coating area The positive electrode active material layer is coated, and the positive electrode tab is not coated with the positive electrode active material layer.
  • the material of the positive electrode current collector can be aluminum, and the positive electrode active material layer includes a positive electrode active material.
  • the positive electrode active material can be lithium cobalt oxide, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium or lithium manganate, etc.
  • the negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer.
  • the negative electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the negative electrode current collector;
  • the negative electrode current collector includes a negative electrode coating area and a negative electrode tab connected to the negative electrode coating area.
  • the negative electrode coating area The negative electrode active material layer is coated, and the negative electrode tab is not coated with the negative electrode active material layer.
  • the negative electrode current collector may be made of copper, and the negative electrode active material layer may include a negative electrode active material.
  • the negative electrode active material may be carbon or silicon.
  • the material of the isolator can be PP (polypropylene, polypropylene) or PE (polyethylene, polyethylene), etc.
  • the battery cell also includes a casing, and a receiving cavity for accommodating the electrode assembly is formed inside the casing.
  • the shell can protect the electrode assembly from the outside to prevent external foreign matter from affecting the charging or discharging of the electrode assembly.
  • the tab is usually electrically connected to the electrode lead-out piece through a current collecting member, and the current collecting member and the electrode lead-out piece are usually connected by welding.
  • the inventor found that the current collecting member and When the electrode lead-out is welded, the welding pin is easy to adhere to the current collecting component. When the welding pin is removed, the welding pin will remove part of the material of the current collecting component, causing the risk of failure of the current collecting component and reducing the product yield and welding efficiency. efficiency.
  • the present application provides a technical solution, which provides a conductive protective layer on the current collecting component to protect the current collecting component during welding, reduce the degree of adhesion of the welding needle to the current collecting component, and reduce current collecting Damage to components and improve product yield.
  • the battery cells described in the embodiments of this application are suitable for batteries and electrical devices using the battery cells.
  • Electrical devices can be vehicles, cell phones, portable devices, laptops, ships, spacecraft, electric toys and power tools, etc.
  • Vehicles can be fuel vehicles, gas vehicles or new energy vehicles, and new energy vehicles can be pure electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles or extended-range vehicles, etc.
  • spacecraft include aircraft, rockets, space shuttles, spaceships, etc.
  • electric toys include fixed Type or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric ship toys and electric airplane toys, etc.
  • electric tools include metal cutting electric tools, grinding electric tools, assembly electric tools and railway electric tools, for example, Electric drills, electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators, planers and more.
  • Electric drills Electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators, planers and more.
  • the following embodiments take the electrical device as a vehicle as an example.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrical device provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • a battery 2 is provided inside the vehicle 1 , and the battery 2 can be provided at the bottom, head, or tail of the vehicle 1 .
  • the battery 2 may be used to power the vehicle 1 , for example, the battery 2 may be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1 .
  • the vehicle 1 may also include a controller 3 and a motor 4.
  • the controller 3 is used to control the battery 2 to provide power to the motor 4, for example, to meet the power requirements for starting, navigation and driving of the vehicle 1.
  • the battery 2 can not only be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1 , but can also be used as a driving power source for the vehicle 1 , replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1 .
  • Figure 2 is an exploded schematic diagram of a battery provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery 2 includes a case 8 and a battery cell 5 , and the battery cell 5 is accommodated in the case 8 .
  • the box 8 is used to accommodate the battery cells 5, and the box 8 can have various structures. This application does not limit this too much.
  • the battery 2 there may be one battery cell 5 or a plurality of battery cells 5. If there are multiple battery cells 5 , the multiple battery cells 5 can be connected in series, in parallel, or in mixed connection. Mixed connection means that multiple battery cells are connected in series and in parallel. Multiple battery cells 5 can be directly connected in series or in parallel or mixed together, and then the whole composed of multiple battery cells 5 can be accommodated in the box 8; of course, multiple battery cells 5 can also be connected in series first. They are connected in parallel or mixed to form a battery module, and multiple battery modules are connected in series, parallel or mixed to form a whole, and are accommodated in the box 8 .
  • Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 4 is an exploded view of the current collecting component and electrode lead-out member in the battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application during the welding process.
  • Figure 5 is a top view of the current collecting member in FIG. 4
  • FIG. 6 is a top view of the electrode lead-out member in FIG. 4 .
  • the battery cell 5 in the embodiment of the present application includes a casing 51 , an electrode assembly 52 and a current collecting member 53 .
  • the housing 51 has an electrode lead-out 511 .
  • the electrode assembly 52 is received in the housing 51 and includes tabs 521 .
  • the current collecting member 53 is used to electrically connect the tab 521 and the electrode lead-out piece 511.
  • the current collecting member 53 is welded to the electrode lead-out piece 511.
  • the current collecting member 53 includes a conductive protective layer 531.
  • the conductive protective layer 531 is provided on the current collecting member 53 away from the electrode.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not limit the shape of the housing 51, which can be roughly rectangular or parallelepiped. Cylinder or other shape.
  • the casing 51 has a hollow structure, and an accommodation cavity for accommodating the electrode assembly 52 and the electrolyte is formed inside.
  • the shape of the housing 51 can be determined according to the specific shape of the electrode assembly 52 . For example, if the electrode assembly 52 has a rectangular parallelepiped structure, a rectangular parallelepiped housing can be used; if the electrode assembly 52 has a cylindrical structure, a cylindrical housing can be used.
  • the shell 51 can be made of various materials.
  • the shell 51 can be made of metal or plastic.
  • the material of the housing 51 may be copper, iron, aluminum, steel, aluminum alloy, etc.
  • the electrode lead-out member 511 is used to electrically connect the electrode assembly 52 to the circuit outside the battery cell 5 to realize charging and discharging of the electrode assembly 52 .
  • at least part of the electrode lead-out member 511 is exposed to the outside of the battery cell 5 so as to be connected with other components (such as bus components) to lead out the electric energy generated by the electrode assembly 52 .
  • the embodiments of the present application do not limit the specific materials of the current collecting member 53 and the conductive protective layer 531. They can be metal or other non-metallic, high-temperature-resistant conductive materials.
  • the material of the main body of the current collecting member 53 is aluminum or steel
  • the material of the conductive protective layer 531 is nickel or a conductive carbon layer.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not limit the specific location of the conductive protective layer 531 disposed on the current collecting member 53.
  • the conductive protective layer 531 may be disposed in the central area of the side of the current collecting member 53 away from the electrode lead-out member 511.
  • the current collecting member 53 and the electrode lead-out member 511 are welded by resistance welding.
  • the upper welding pin 6 is in contact with the conductive protective layer 531 and the lower welding pin 7 is in contact with the side of the electrode lead 511 away from the current collecting member 53.
  • the upper welding pin 6 and the lower welding pin 7 are in current collection.
  • the arrangement directions of the member 53 and the electrode lead-out member 511 are arranged to face each other.
  • the welding area of the current collecting member 53 and the welding area of the conductive protective layer 531 may be in direct contact, or other structures may be provided between them to facilitate welding.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not limit the shapes of the current collecting member 53 and the electrode lead-out member 511, which change with the change of the housing 51.
  • the current collection member 53 is disk-shaped
  • the electrode lead-out member 511 is columnar.
  • the current collecting member 53 has a conductive protective layer 531.
  • the conductive protective layer 531 can protect the contact position between the current collecting member 53 and the upper soldering pin 6, reducing the degree of adhesion of the current collecting member 53 to the upper soldering pin 6 or even This prevents the current collecting member 53 from adhering to the upper welding pin 6 , reduces damage to the current collecting member 53 , and improves the yield of the battery cell 5 .
  • the conductive protective layer 531 can be used to conduct current so that the current can be welded through the current collecting member 53 and the electrode lead-out member 511 .
  • a metal oxide film is easily formed in the welding area where the current collecting member 53 is in contact with the upper soldering pin 6.
  • the melting point of the metal oxide film is high.
  • the presence of the metal oxide film makes welding more difficult and the welding quality worse.
  • the presence of the conductive protective layer 531 It can reduce the formation of metal oxide film, improve welding quality, reduce welding difficulty and improve welding efficiency.
  • the current collecting member 53 includes a current collecting plate 532, and the conductive protective layer 531 is disposed on a surface of the current collecting plate 532 away from the electrode lead-out member 511; the material of the current collecting plate 532 includes the first metal, and the conductive protective layer 531 The material includes a second metal, and the metal activity of the second metal is weaker than the metal activity of the first metal.
  • the specific metal materials of the first metal and the second metal are not limited.
  • the first metal is aluminum
  • the second metal is nickel, copper or silver.
  • the metal activity of the conductive protective layer 531 is weaker than that of the current collecting plate 532. Relatively speaking, the current collecting plate 532 is more likely to chemically react with the metal upper welding pin 6 to form an alloy and be bonded together. Therefore, by setting The conductive protective layer 531 has weaker metal activity and is less likely to chemically react with the upper soldering pins 6 , thereby reducing or even avoiding the adhesion between the current collecting member 53 and the upper soldering pins 6 , thereby improving the performance of the battery cell 5 Yield rate.
  • the conductive protective layer 531 is made of metal Material, easier to make and cheaper to make.
  • the metal of the current collecting plate 532 is more reactive, and the welding area of the current collecting plate 532 is more likely to produce a metal oxide film.
  • the metal oxide film has a higher melting point and is not easy to melt during welding, which in turn increases the difficulty of welding and easily causes Due to the problem of virtual welding, the quality and efficiency of welding become low.
  • the conductive protective layer 531 has weaker metal activity, is less likely to produce metal oxide films, and produces less metal oxide films. Therefore, the current collecting plate 532 contacts the upper soldering pin 6 through the conductive protective layer 531, which can improve welding efficiency and welding quality. .
  • the current collecting plate 532 includes a plate body 533 and a protruding portion 534 protruding from the plate body 533 facing the electrode lead-out member 511.
  • the current collecting plate 532 is provided with a recess 535 at a position corresponding to the protruding portion 534 to conduct electricity.
  • the protective layer 531 is provided on the bottom surface of the recessed portion 535; the electrode lead-out member 511 is provided with a receiving portion 512 at a position opposite to the convex portion 534, and the convex portion 534 and the receiving portion 512 are concave and convex.
  • This embodiment does not limit the size of the protruding portion 534 and the receiving portion 512 , but the surface of the protruding portion 534 facing the electrode lead-out member 511 needs to at least partially fit with the bottom surface of the receiving portion 512 .
  • the embodiment of the present application does not limit the specific shape of the convex portion 534.
  • the convex portion 534 can be a V-shaped structure, an arc-shaped structure, or other shapes.
  • the recessed portion 535 refers to the recessed space formed after the protruding portion 534 collapses toward the electrode lead-out member 511 .
  • the embodiment of the present application does not limit the shape of the recessed portion 535.
  • the recessed portion 535 matches the shape and size of the end of the upper soldering pin 6.
  • the entire bottom surface of the recess 535 abuts the end of the upper soldering pin 6 .
  • the contact area between the welding area of the current collecting plate 532 and the welding area of the electrode lead-out member 511 is increased, thereby increasing the overcurrent capacity of the battery cell 5, increasing the heat input, and speeding up the collection.
  • the flow plate 532 welding area and the electrode lead-out 511 welding area Melting speed, thereby improving welding efficiency and welding quality.
  • the provision of the recessed portion 535 also increases the internal space of the electrode assembly 52; the provision of the accommodating portion 512 reduces the manufacturing cost of the electrode lead-out member 511.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the current collecting member and the electrode lead-out member in the battery cell during the welding process according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cell 5 further includes a welding layer 54 , and the welding layer 54 is connected between the current collecting member 53 and the electrode lead-out member 511 .
  • the embodiment of the present application does not limit the material of the welding layer 54. It can be a metal material or other non-metallic conductive and heat-resistant materials, such as metallic nickel or conductive carbon.
  • the welding layer 54 and the conductive protective layer 531 are arranged opposite to each other in the arrangement direction of the electrode lead-out member 511 and the current collecting member 53 .
  • the welding layer 54 in the embodiment of the present application can be provided on the side of the current collecting member 53 facing the electrode lead-out member 511, or on the side of the electrode lead-out member 511 facing the current collecting member 53, or between the current collecting member 53 and the electrode lead-out member. are set on item 511.
  • the welding layer 54 can improve the formation of the current collecting member 53 and the electrode lead out 511 in the welding area compared to direct contact between the two.
  • the mutual contact of metal oxide films causes problems of high welding difficulty and low welding quality, thereby improving welding quality and welding efficiency.
  • the current collecting member 53 is made of a first metal
  • the electrode lead-out member 511 is made of a third metal
  • the welding layer 54 is made of a fourth metal
  • the fourth metal is less reactive than the first metal. and the metal activity of any one of the third metal.
  • the material of the current collecting member 53 includes the first metal, and the first metal is the material used for the current collecting plate 532 .
  • the embodiments of the present application do not limit the materials of the first metal, the third metal, and the fourth metal.
  • the first metal and the third metal are both aluminum
  • the fourth metal is nickel, silver, or iron.
  • the first metal and the third metal are highly reactive and are prone to produce metal oxide films, causing problems such as high welding difficulty and poor welding quality.
  • the welding layer 54 By placing a welding layer 54 with a weak metal activity between the two, the welding layer 54 is relatively It is difficult to form a metal oxide film and the amount of the formed metal oxide film is small. Therefore, the two are welded through the welding layer 54, which can reduce the difficulty of welding and improve the quality and efficiency of welding.
  • the welding layer 54 is made of metal, which is easier to manufacture and has low manufacturing cost.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a current collecting component and an electrode lead-out member provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the welding layer 54 includes a first welding sub-layer 541 and a second welding sub-layer 542 arranged in a stack.
  • the first welding sub-layer 541 is provided on the current collecting member 53
  • the second welding sub-layer 542 is Layer 542 is provided on the electrode lead-out member 511 .
  • the first welding sub-layer 541 and the second welding sub-layer 542 are stacked, which means that before welding, the first welding sub-layer 541 is coated on the current collecting member 53 and the second welding sub-layer 542 is coated on the electrode lead-out member 511, and the first soldering sub-layer 541 and the second soldering sub-layer 542 are in contact with each other. After welding, the first welding sub-layer 541 and the second welding sub-layer 542 are welded together, so that the current collecting member 53 and the electrode lead-out member 511 are welded together.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not limit the materials of the first welding sub-layer 541 and the second welding sub-layer 542.
  • the metal materials used for the two may be the same or different.
  • the first welding sub-layer 541 and the second welding sub-layer 542 are both made of nickel, and the first metal and the third metal are both made of aluminum.
  • the metal activity of the first welding sub-layer 541 and the second welding sub-layer 542 is weaker than that of either the first metal or the third metal.
  • metal activity For example, the first metal and the third metal are both made of aluminum, the first welding sub-layer 541 is made of nickel, and the second welding sub-layer 542 is made of silver.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not limit the coating area and coating thickness of the first welding sub-layer 541 and the second welding sub-layer 542.
  • the coating areas of the two may be the same or different.
  • the coating thickness of the two can be the same or different.
  • the current collection member 53 and the electrode lead-out member 511 pass through the first welding sub-layer 541 and the second welding sub-layer 542 are welded together, and the metal activity of the first welding sub-layer 541 and the second welding sub-layer 542 is weaker than either of the first metal included in the current collecting member 53 and the third metal included in the electrode lead-out member 511 Due to the metal activity, compared with the current collecting member 53 and the electrode lead-out member 511, the first welding sub-layer 541 and the second welding sub-layer 542 are more difficult to form a metal oxide film during welding and the amount of the metal oxide film formed is smaller. , so the welding difficulty is low and the welding quality is high.
  • the current collecting member 53 includes a disk body 533 and a protruding portion 534 protruding from the disk body 533 facing the electrode lead-out member 511.
  • the current collecting member 53 is provided with a recess 535 at a position corresponding to the protruding portion 534 to conduct electricity.
  • the protective layer 531 is provided on the bottom surface of the concave portion 535; the electrode lead-out piece 511 is provided with a receiving portion 512 at a position corresponding to the protruding portion 534, and the protruding portion 534 matches the receiving portion 512 concavely and convexly; the first welding sub-layer 541 is disposed on the protruding portion 534 facing the electrode On the surface of the lead-out member 511, the second welding sub-layer 542 is disposed on the bottom surface of the receiving portion 512.
  • the convex portion 534, the concave portion 535 and the receiving portion 512 in the embodiment of the present application are as described above.
  • the first welding sub-layer 541 may be disposed on a portion of the surface of the protruding portion 534 facing the electrode lead-out member 511 , or may be disposed on the entire surface of the protrusion 534 facing the electrode lead-out member 511 .
  • the second welding sub-layer 542 may be disposed on part of the bottom surface of the accommodating part 512 , or may be disposed on the entire bottom surface of the accommodating part 512 .
  • the first welding sub-layer 541 is provided on the convex part 534, and the second welding sub-layer 542 is provided on the receiving part 512, which can increase the contact between the welding area of the current collecting plate 532 and the welding area of the electrode lead-out part 511. area, thereby increasing the overcurrent capacity of the battery cell 5, increasing the heat input, and improving the welding efficiency and welding quality.
  • the protrusion 534 is a curved structure.
  • the embodiments of the present application do not limit the specific shape of the curved structure. It can be a curved structure with an arc direction, a curved structure with a parabola direction, or other curved structures.
  • the convex portion 534 has a curved structure, and its surface facing the electrode lead-out member 511 is a curved surface.
  • the bottom surface of the receiving portion 512 fits the curved surface of the convex portion 534 .
  • Figure 9 is another exploded view of the current collecting member and the electrode lead-out member in the battery cell during the welding process according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • the convex portion 534 includes a first planar portion 536 disposed in its central area, and the bottom surface of the receiving portion 512 includes a second planar portion 513 , the first planar portion 536 and the second planar portion 513 butt fit.
  • both the first planar portion 536 and the second planar portion 513 are planar structures, and the surfaces abutting each other are both planar surfaces.
  • the convex portion 534 also includes an annular side wall surrounding the first planar portion 536.
  • the annular side wall is in contact with the receiving portion 512.
  • the convex part 534 and the receiving part 512 are connected through the first planar part 536 and the second planar part 513.
  • the convex part 534 and the receiving part 512 are easy to process and manufacture, and the degree of fit between the first planar part 536 and the second planar part 513 is Higher, the welding quality is better.
  • Figure 10 is another exploded view of the current collecting member and the electrode lead-out member in the battery cell during the welding process according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • the protruding portion 534 includes a plurality of protruding structures 537 disposed in a central region, and the protruding structures 537 protrude in a direction toward and/or away from the bottom surface of the receiving portion 512 .
  • the plurality of protruding structures 537 may all protrude in a direction toward the bottom surface of the accommodating part 512 , or may all protrude in a direction away from the bottom surface of the accommodating part 512 , or part of them may protrude in a direction toward the bottom surface of the accommodating part 512 .
  • the bottom surface is convex, and a part thereof is convex in a direction away from the bottom surface of the accommodating portion 512 .
  • the embodiment of the present application does not limit the arrangement of the two parts of the protruding structures 537 .
  • two parts of the protruding structures 537 are arranged alternately with each other, that is, the protruding structures 537 are wavy structures.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not limit the protruding height of the protruding structures 537.
  • the protruding heights of all the protruding structures 537 can be the same or different, or can be partially the same and partially different.
  • the protruding portion 534 also includes an annular side wall surrounding a plurality of protruding structures 537.
  • the annular side wall fits the receiving portion 512.
  • the accommodating portion 512 can be concave-convexly matched with the protruding structure 537 of the protruding portion 534, or can only be in contact with the protruding structure 537 through a flat, curved or other shaped surface.
  • the bottom surface of the receiving portion 512 includes a third planar portion 514
  • the plurality of protruding structures 537 include a plurality of protrusions 538 protruding toward the bottom surface of the receiving portion 512 .
  • the third planar portion 514 and the plurality of protrusions 538 is at least partially offset.
  • the side of the third planar portion 514 facing the protruding structure 537 is a plane, and the third planar portion 514 offsets at least part of the plurality of protrusions 538 through the plane.
  • the receiving portion 512 offsets at least part of the protrusion 538 through a flat surface, which facilitates processing and manufacturing.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic structural diagram of the current collecting component in Figure 8.
  • the surface of the protruding portion 534 away from the electrode lead-out member 511 includes a storage portion 539 that is in contact with the bottom surface of the recessed portion 535 , and the storage portion 539 is in communication with the recessed portion 535 .
  • the embodiment of the present application does not limit the specific shape of the storage portion 539.
  • the storage portion 539 has a groove structure.
  • the embodiment of the present application may include multiple storage parts 539 that are spaced apart on the outer periphery of the recessed part 535 , or may include only one storage part 539 .
  • the storage portion 539 is provided to accommodate the flash that overflows from the current collecting member 53 during welding, reduce the volume of the flash that overflows to other parts, and improve the yield of the battery cell 5 .
  • the storage portion 539 is disposed around the bottom surface of the recess 535 .
  • the storage portion 539 is continuously provided on the outer peripheral side of the recessed portion 535 .
  • the overflowing material in the recessed portion 535 from any angle can be accommodated, and the volume of the overflowing material from overflowing to other parts can be significantly reduced.
  • a groove is provided on a side of the disk body 533 facing away from the electrode lead-out 511 .
  • the embodiment of the present application does not limit the specific location and number of grooves.
  • the number of grooves is two, and the two grooves are symmetrically arranged along the recess 535 .
  • the groove is also provided to facilitate the injection of electrolyte.
  • the current collecting member 53 and the electrode lead-out member 511 are arranged along the first direction X, and the convex portion 534 protrudes along the first direction
  • the ratio of the dimension b is 1:1-5:1; the ratio of the maximum dimension c of the accommodation portion 512 along the first direction X to the dimension d of the electrode lead-out member 511 along the first direction X is 1:2-1:5.
  • the ratio of the maximum dimension a of the convex portion 534 protruding from the disk body 533 along the first direction X to the dimension b of the disk body 533 along the first direction X includes the end values 1:1 and 5:1.
  • the ratio of the maximum dimension c of the portion 512 along the first direction X to the dimension d of the electrode lead-out member 511 along the first direction X includes end values 1:2 and 1:5.
  • the inventor sets the above ratio to balance the welding quality and the yield rate of the battery cells 5 , that is, the welding quality is higher and the yield rate of the battery cells 5 is higher.
  • the current collecting member 53 and the electrode lead-out member 511 are arranged along the first direction X, and the projected area of the protrusion 534 on the first plane along the first direction
  • the ratio of the projected area of the plane is 1:4-1:12; the ratio of the projected area of the receiving portion 512 on the first plane along the first direction X to the projected area of the electrode lead-out member 511 on the first plane along the first direction X is 1:2.5-1:6; wherein the first plane is perpendicular to the first direction X.
  • the projected area of the convex portion 534 on the first plane along the first direction X is The ratio to the projected area of the collecting plate 532 on the first plane along the first direction X includes end values 1:4 and 1:12.
  • the ratio of the projected area of the receiving portion 512 on the first plane along the first direction X to the projected area of the electrode lead-out member 511 on the first plane along the first direction X includes end values 1:2.5 and 1:6.
  • the inventor sets the above ratio to balance the welding quality and the yield of the battery cells 5 , that is, the welding quality is higher and the yield of the battery cells 5 is higher.
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides a battery 2, including the above-mentioned battery cell 5.
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides an electrical device, including the above-mentioned battery 2.
  • the battery 2 is used to provide electrical energy.
  • the battery cell 5 includes a casing 51 , an electrode assembly 52 and a current collecting member 53 .
  • the housing 51 has an electrode lead-out 511 .
  • the electrode assembly 52 is received in the housing 51 and includes tabs 521 .
  • the current collecting member 53 is used to electrically connect the tab 521 and the electrode lead-out piece 511.
  • the current collecting member 53 is welded to the electrode lead-out piece 511.
  • the current collecting member 53 includes a conductive protective layer 531.
  • the conductive protective layer 531 is provided on the current collecting member 53 away from the electrode.
  • the current collecting member 53 includes a current collecting plate 532, and a conductive protective layer 531 is disposed on a surface of the current collecting plate 532 away from the electrode lead-out member 511; the material of the current collecting plate 532 includes a first metal, and the material of the conductive protective layer 531 includes a second metal. , the metal activity of the second metal is weaker than that of the first metal.
  • the current collecting plate 532 includes a plate body 533 and a lead protruding from the plate body 533 facing the electrode.
  • the convex part 534 of the component 511 is provided with a recessed part 535 in the current collecting plate 532 at a position corresponding to the convex part 534.
  • the conductive protective layer 531 is provided on the bottom surface of the recessed part 535; the electrode lead-out part 511 is provided with a receiving part at a position opposite to the convex part 534.
  • part 512, the convex part 534 and the receiving part 512 are concave and convex.
  • the battery cell 5 further includes a welding layer 54 connected between the current collecting member 53 and the electrode lead-out member 511 .
  • the material of the current collecting member 53 includes the first metal
  • the material of the electrode lead-out member 511 includes the third metal
  • the material of the welding layer 54 includes the fourth metal
  • the metal activity of the fourth metal is weaker than either of the first metal and the third metal.
  • the welding layer 54 includes a stacked first welding sub-layer 541 and a second welding sub-layer 542.
  • the first welding sub-layer 541 is provided on the surface of the protruding portion 534 facing the electrode lead-out member 511
  • the second welding sub-layer 542 is provided on the receiving portion.
  • the convex portion 534 has a curved structure.

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  • Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)

Abstract

本申请公开了一种电池单体、电池以及用电装置。电池单体包括外壳、电极组件和集流构件，外壳具有电极引出件。电极组件容纳于外壳内且包括极耳。集流构件用于电连接极耳和电极引出件，集流构件焊接于电极引出件，集流构件包括导电保护层，导电保护层设置于集流构件背离电极引出件的一侧。本申请实施例可以提高电池单体的良率。

Description

电池单体、电池及用电装置
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求享有于2022年07月21日提交的名称为“电池单体、电池及用电装置”的中国专利申请202221889209.4的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池领域，特别是涉及一种电池单体、电池以及用电装置。
背景技术
电池单体广泛用于电子设备，例如手机、笔记本电脑、电瓶车、电动汽车、电动飞机、电动轮船、电动玩具汽车、电动玩具轮船、电动玩具飞机和电动工具等等。
在电池单体的生产过程中，如何提高电池单体的良率，是电池技术中一个重要的研究方向。
发明内容
本申请提供一种电池单体、电池以及用电装置，其能提高电池单体的良率。
第一方面，本申请提供一种电池单体，包括外壳、电极组件和集流构件，外壳具有电极引出件。电极组件容纳于外壳内且包括极耳。集流构 件用于电连接极耳和电极引出件，集流构件焊接于电极引出件，集流构件包括导电保护层，导电保护层设置于集流构件背离电极引出件的一侧。
在上述技术方案中，集流构件具有导电保护层，在焊接时，导电保护层能够对集流构件与上焊针接触的位置进行保护，减轻集流构件粘接于上焊针的程度甚至避免集流构件粘接于上焊针，减少集流构件的损伤，提高电池单体的良率。
在一些实施方式中，集流构件包括集流盘，导电保护层设置于集流盘的背离电极引出件的表面；集流盘的材质包括第一金属，导电保护层的材质包括第二金属，第二金属的金属活泼性弱于第一金属的金属活泼性。
在上述技术方案中，导电保护层的金属活泼性弱于集流盘的金属活泼性，相对来说，集流盘更易与金属材质的上焊针发生化学反应形成合金而粘接在一起，故通过设置导电保护层，导电保护层的金属活泼性更弱，不易与上焊针发生化学反应，进而减轻甚至避免集流构件与上焊针粘接的情况，提高电池单体的良品率。导电保护层采用金属材质，更容易制作且制作成本低。
在一些实施方式中，集流盘包括盘本体和凸出于盘本体面向电极引出件的凸部，集流盘在与凸部相对应的位置设有凹部，导电保护层设置于凹部的底面；电极引出件与凸部相对的位置设有容纳部，凸部与容纳部凹凸配合。
在上述技术方案中，通过设置凸部和容纳部，增大了集流盘焊接区域和电极引出件焊接区域的接触面积，进而增加了电池单体的过流能力，热输入量增加，加快了集流盘焊接区域和电极引出件焊接区域的融化速度，进而提高了焊接效率和焊接质量。并且，凹部的设置还增加了电极组件的内部空间；容纳部的设置降低了电极引出件的制作成本。
在一些实施方式中，还包括焊接层，焊接层连接于集流构件和电极引出件之间。
在上述技术方案中，通过在集流构件和电极引出件中的至少一者设置焊接层，相比于二者直接接触来说，焊接层能够改善集流构件和电极引出件在焊接区域各自形成的金属氧化膜相互接触造成的焊接难度高、焊接质量低的问题，从而提高焊接质量和焊接效率。
在一些实施方式中，集流构件的材质包括第一金属，电极引出件的材质包括第三金属，焊接层的材质包括第四金属，第四金属的金属活泼性弱于第一金属和第三金属中任一者的金属活泼性。
在上述技术方案中，第一金属和第三金属的活泼性较强，容易产生金属氧化膜造成焊接难度高、焊接质量差的问题，通过在二者之间设置金属活泼性较弱的焊接层，焊接层较难形成金属氧化膜且形成的金属氧化膜体量较少，因此二者通过焊接层焊接，能够降低焊接的难度，提高焊接的质量和效率。焊接层采用金属材质，更容易制作且制作成本低。
在一些实施方式中，焊接层包括层叠设置的第一焊接子层和第二焊接子层，第一焊接子层设置于集流构件，第二焊接子层设置于电极引出件。
在上述技术方案中，通过在集流构件设置第一焊接子层，在电极引出件设置第二焊接子层，因此集流构件和电极引出件通过第一焊接子层和第二焊接子层焊接在一起，而第一焊接子层和第二焊接子层的金属活泼性弱于集流构件所包含的第一金属以及电极引出件所包含的第三金属中任一者的金属活泼性，故相比于集流构件和电极引出件，第一焊接子层和第二焊接子层焊接时较难形成金属氧化膜且形成的金属氧化膜体量较少，故焊接难度低，焊接质量高。
在一些实施方式中，集流构件包括盘本体和凸出于盘本体面向电极引出件的凸部，集流构件在与凸部相对应的位置设有凹部，导电保护层设置于凹部的底面；电极引出件与凸部对应的位置设有容纳部，凸部与容纳部凹凸配合；第一焊接子层设置于凸部面向电极引出件的表面，第二焊接子层设置于容纳部的底面。
在上述技术方案中，将第一焊接子层设置于凸部，第二焊接子层设置于容纳部，可增大集流盘焊接区域和电极引出件焊接区域的接触面积，进而增加了电池单体的过流能力，热输入量增加，提高了焊接效率和焊接质量。
在一些实施方式中，凸部为曲形结构。
在上述技术方案中，将凸部设置为曲形结构，显著增加了电极引出件的焊接区域和集流构件焊接区域的接触面积，进而热输入量增加，提高了焊接效率和焊接质量。
在一些实施方式中，凸部包括设置于自身中心区域的第一平面部，容纳部的底面包括第二平面部，第一平面部和第二平面部抵接配合。
在上述技术方案中，凸部和容纳部通过第一平面部和第二平面部相贴合，凸部和容纳部便于加工制作，且第一平面部和第二平面部的贴合程度较高，焊接质量较好。
在一些实施方式中，凸部包括多个设置于中心区域的凸出结构，凸出结构沿朝向和/或远离容纳部的底面的方向凸出。
在上述技术方案中，由于多个凸出结构的存在，在焊接时，凸部单位面积的电流会增加，热输入量增加，故焊接质量提高。
在一些实施方式中，容纳部的底面包括第三平面部，多个凸出结构 包括多个朝向容纳部底面方向凸出的凸起，第三平面部与多个凸起的至少部分相抵。
在上述技术方案中，容纳部通过平面与至少部分凸起相抵，便于加工制作。
在一些实施方式中，凸部背离电极引出件的表面包括与凹部的底面相接的存储部，存储部与凹部连通。
在上述技术方案中，设置存储部，用于容纳焊接时集流构件溢出的溢料，减少溢料溢出至其他部分的体积，提高电池单体的良率。
在一些实施方式中，存储部环绕于凹部的底面设置。
在上述技术方案中，环绕于凹部的底面设置，可对凹部中从任何角度溢出的溢料均起到收纳作用，显著减少溢料溢出至其他部分的体积。
在一些实施方式中，盘本体背离电极引出件的一侧设置有凹槽。
在上述技术方案中，通过在盘本体背离电极引出件的一侧设置凹槽，能够减少焊接时上焊针压力导致的形变，提高电池单体的良率。同时，凹槽的设置也便于电解液的注入。
在一些实施方式中，集流构件和电极引出件沿第一方向排列，凸部沿第一方向凸出于盘本体的最大尺寸与盘本体沿第一方向的尺寸之比为1：1-5：1；容纳部沿第一方向的最大尺寸与电极引出件沿第一方向的尺寸之比为1：2-1：5。
在上述技术方案中，设置上述比例，以平衡焊接质量和电池单体的良率，即焊接质量较高且电池单体的良率较高。
在一些实施方式中，集流构件和电极引出件沿第一方向排列，凸部沿第一方向在第一平面的投影面积与集流盘沿第一方向在第一平面的投影 面积之比为1：4-1：12；容纳部沿第一方向在第一平面的投影面积与电极引出件沿第一方向在第一平面的投影面积之比为1：2.5-1：6；其中，第一平面垂直于第一方向。
在上述技术方案中，设置上述比例，以平衡焊接质量和电池单体的良率，即焊接质量较高且电池单体的良率较高。
第二方面，本申请实施例提供一种电池，包括第一方面任一实施方式的电池单体。
第三方面，本申请提供一种用电装置，包括第二方面的电池，电池用于提供电能。
附图说明
下面将参考附图来描述本申请示例性实施例的特征、优点和技术效果。
图1为本申请一些实施例提供的一种用电装置的结构示意图；
图2为本申请一些实施例提供的一种电池的爆炸示意图；
图3为本申请一些实施例提供的一种电池单体的结构示意图；
图4为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体中集流构件和电极引出件在焊接过程中的分解图；
图5为图4中集流构件的俯视图；
图6为图4中电极引出件的俯视图；
图7为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体中集流构件和电极引出件在焊接过程中的结构示意图；
图8为本申请一些实施例提供的集流构件和电极引出件的一种结构 示意图；
图9为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体中集流构件和电极引出件在焊接过程中的另一种分解图；
图10为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体中集流构件和电极引出件在焊接过程中的又一种分解图；
图11为图8中集流构件的结构示意图。
具体实施方式的附图标记如下：
1、车辆；2、电池；3、控制器；4、马达；5、电池单体；51、外
壳；511、电极引出件；512、容纳部；513、第二平面部；514、第三平面部；52、电极组件；521、极耳；53、集流构件；531、导电保护层；532、集流盘；533、盘本体；534、凸部；535、凹部；536、第一平面部；537、凸出结构；538、凸起；539、存储部；54、焊接层；541、第一焊接子层；542、第二焊接子层；6、上焊针；7、下焊针；8、箱体；X、第一方向。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
除非另有定义，本申请所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以 及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。本申请的说明书和权利要求书或上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别不同对象，而不是用于描述特定顺序或主次关系。
在本申请中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“附接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
本申请中术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本申请中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请的实施例中，相同的附图标记表示相同的部件，并且为了简洁，在不同实施例中，省略对相同部件的详细说明。应理解，附图示出的本申请实施例中的各种部件的厚度、长宽等尺寸，以及集成装置的整体厚度、长宽等尺寸仅为示例性说明，而不应对本申请构成任何限定。
本申请中出现的“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)。
本申请中，电池单体可以包括锂离子二次电池单体、锂离子一次电池单体、锂硫电池单体、钠锂离子电池单体、钠离子电池单体或镁离子电 池单体等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。电池单体可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等，本申请实施例对此也不限定。
本申请的实施例所提到的电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。例如，本申请中所提到的电池可以包括电池模块或电池包等。电池一般包括用于封装一个或多个电池单体的箱体。箱体可以避免液体或其他异物影响电池单体的充电或放电。
电池单体包括电极组件和电解液，电极组件包括正极极片、负极极片和隔离件。电池单体主要依靠金属离子在正极极片和负极极片之间移动来工作。正极极片包括正极集流体和正极活性物质层，正极活性物质层涂覆于正极集流体的表面；正极集流体包括正极涂覆区和连接于正极涂覆区的正极极耳，正极涂覆区涂覆有正极活性物质层，正极极耳未涂覆正极活性物质层。以锂离子电池单体为例，正极集流体的材料可以为铝，正极活性物质层包括正极活性物质，正极活性物质可以为钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂、三元锂或锰酸锂等。负极极片包括负极集流体和负极活性物质层，负极活性物质层涂覆于负极集流体的表面；负极集流体包括负极涂覆区和连接于负极涂覆区的负极极耳，负极涂覆区涂覆有负极活性物质层，负极极耳未涂覆负极活性物质层。负极集流体的材料可以为铜，负极活性物质层包括负极活性物质，负极活性物质可以为碳或硅等。隔离件的材质可以为PP(polypropylene，聚丙烯)或PE(polyethylene，聚乙烯)等。
电池单体还包括外壳，外壳内部形成用于容纳电极组件的容纳腔。外壳可以从外侧保护电极组件，以避免外部的异物影响电极组件的充电或放电。
在电池单体中，极耳通常通过集流构件与电极引出件电连接，而集流构件和电极引出件通常采用焊接的方式连接。发明人发现，集流构件和 电极引出件在焊接时，焊针容易与集流构件粘连，在取下焊针时，焊针会带下集流构件的部分材料，引发集流构件失效风险，降低了产品良率以及焊接的效率。
鉴于此，本申请提供了一种技术方案，其通过在集流构件上设置导电保护层，以在焊接时对集流构件进行保护，减轻焊针粘接于集流构件的程度，减少集流构件的损伤，提高产品的良率。
本申请实施例描述的电池单体适用于电池以及使用电池单体的用电装置。
用电装置可以是车辆、手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、轮船、航天器、电动玩具和电动工具等等。车辆可以是燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等；航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等；电动玩具包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等；电动工具包括金属切削电动工具、研磨电动工具、装配电动工具和铁道用电动工具，例如，电钻、电动砂轮机、电动扳手、电动螺丝刀、电锤、冲击电钻、混凝土振动器和电刨等等。本申请实施例对上述用电装置不做特殊限制。
以下实施例为了方便说明，以用电装置为车辆为例进行说明。
图1为本申请一些实施例提供的一种用电装置的结构示意图。
如图1所示，车辆1的内部设置有电池2，电池2可以设置在车辆1的底部或头部或尾部。电池2可以用于车辆1的供电，例如，电池2可以作为车辆1的操作电源。
车辆1还可以包括控制器3和马达4，控制器3用来控制电池2为马达4供电，例如，用于车辆1的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在本申请一些实施例中，电池2不仅仅可以作为车辆1的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1的驱动电源，代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气为车辆1提供驱动动力。
图2为本申请一些实施例提供的一种电池的爆炸示意图。
如图2所示，电池2包括箱体8和电池单体5，电池单体5容纳于箱体8内。
箱体8用于容纳电池单体5，箱体8可以是多种结构。本申请对此不做过多限定。
在电池2中，电池单体5可以是一个，也可以是多个。若电池单体5为多个，多个电池单体5之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体中既有串联又有并联。多个电池单体5之间可直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将多个电池单体5构成的整体容纳于箱体8内；当然，也可以是多个电池单体5先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块，多个电池模块再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体8内。
图3为本申请一些实施例提供的一种电池单体的结构示意图，图4为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体中集流构件和电极引出件在焊接过程中的分解图，图5为图4中集流构件的俯视图，图6为图4中电极引出件的俯视图。
如图3-6所示，本申请实施例的电池单体5包括外壳51、电极组件52以及集流构件53。外壳51具有电极引出件511。电极组件52容纳于外壳51内且包括极耳521。集流构件53用于电连接极耳521和电极引出件511，集流构件53焊接于电极引出件511，集流构件53包括导电保护层531，导电保护层531设置于集流构件53背离电极引出件511的一侧。
本申请实施例对外壳51的形状不做限制，其可以大致呈长方体、 圆柱体或其他形状。
外壳51为空心结构，其内部形成用于容纳电极组件52和电解液的容纳腔。外壳51的形状可根据电极组件52的具体形状来确定。比如，若电极组件52为长方体结构，则可选用长方体外壳；若电极组件52为圆柱结构，则可选用圆柱外壳。
外壳51的材质可以是多种，比如，外壳51的材质可以是金属或塑料。可选地，外壳51的材质可以是铜、铁、铝、钢、铝合金等。
电极引出件511用于将电极组件52与电池单体5外部的电路电连接，以实现电极组件52的充放电。示例性地，电极引出件511的至少部分露出到电池单体5的外部，以便于与其它构件(例如汇流部件)连接，进而将电极组件52产生的电能引出。
本申请实施例对集流构件53和导电保护层531的具体材质不做限制，可以为金属，也可以为其他非金属、耐高温的导电材料。示例性的，集流构件53主体部分的材质为铝或钢，导电保护层531的材质为镍或者导电炭层。
本申请实施例对导电保护层531设置于集流构件53的具体位置不做限制，示例性的，导电保护层531可以设置在集流构件53背离电极引出件511的一侧的中心区域。
可选的，集流构件53和电极引出件511采用电阻焊的方式焊接。在采用电阻焊时，上焊针6抵接于导电保护层531，下焊针7抵接于电极引出件511背离集流构件53的一侧，上焊针6和下焊针7在集流构件53和电极引出件511的排列方向正对设置。
集流构件53的焊接区域和导电保护层531的焊接区域可以直接接触，也可以在二者之间设置其他结构以便于焊接。
本申请实施例对集流构件53和电极引出件511的形状不做限制，其跟随外壳51的变化而变化，示例性的，集流构件53为圆盘状，电极引出件511为柱状。
集流构件53具有导电保护层531，在焊接时，导电保护层531能够对集流构件53与上焊针6接触的位置进行保护，减轻集流构件53粘接于上焊针6的程度甚至避免集流构件53粘接于上焊针6，减少集流构件53的损伤，提高电池单体5的良率。
并且，导电保护层531可用于导通电流，以便于电流经过集流构件53和电极引出件511进行焊接。
除此，集流构件53与上焊针6接触的焊接区域容易形成金属氧化膜，金属氧化膜熔点高，金属氧化膜的存在导致焊接难度变高、焊接质量变差，导电保护层531的存在可减少金属氧化膜的形成，提高焊接质量，降低焊接难度，提高焊接效率。
在一些实施例中，集流构件53包括集流盘532，导电保护层531设置于集流盘532的背离电极引出件511的表面；集流盘532的材质包括第一金属，导电保护层531的材质包括第二金属，第二金属的金属活泼性弱于第一金属的金属活泼性。
本实施例中对第一金属和第二金属的具体金属材质不做限制，示例性的，第一金属为铝，第二金属为镍、铜或银。
导电保护层531的金属活泼性弱于集流盘532的金属活泼性，相对来说，集流盘532更易与金属材质的上焊针6发生化学反应形成合金而粘接在一起，故通过设置导电保护层531，导电保护层531的金属活泼性更弱，不易与上焊针6发生化学反应，进而减轻甚至避免集流构件53与上焊针6粘接的情况，提高电池单体5的良品率。导电保护层531采用金属 材质，更容易制作且制作成本低。
并且，集流盘532的金属活泼性更强，集流盘532的焊接区域更容易产生金属氧化膜，金属氧化膜的熔点较高，在焊接时不易融化，进而导致焊接难度的增加，容易造成虚焊问题，焊接的质量和效率均变低。而导电保护层531的金属活泼性更弱，不易产生金属氧化膜且金属氧化膜产生量较少，因此集流盘532通过导电保护层531与上焊针6接触，可提高焊接效率和焊接质量。
在一些实施例中，集流盘532包括盘本体533和凸出于盘本体533面向电极引出件511的凸部534，集流盘532在与凸部534相对应的位置设有凹部535，导电保护层531设置于凹部535的底面；电极引出件511与凸部534相对的位置设有容纳部512，凸部534与容纳部512凹凸配合。
本实施例对凸部534和容纳部512的尺寸不做限制，但凸部534面向电极引出件511的表面需与容纳部512的底面至少部分贴合。
本申请实施例对凸部534的具体形状不做限制，凸部534可以是V型结构、弧形结构或者其他形状的结构。
在本实施例中，凹部535指的是与凸部534向电极引出件511塌陷后形成的凹陷空间。
本申请实施例对凹部535的形状也不做限制，示例性的，凹部535与上焊针6端部的形状和尺寸相匹配。可选的，凹部535的整个底面与上焊针6的端部相抵接。
通过设置凸部534和容纳部512，增大了集流盘532焊接区域和电极引出件511焊接区域的接触面积，进而增加了电池单体5的过流能力，热输入量增加，加快了集流盘532焊接区域和电极引出件511焊接区域的 融化速度，进而提高了焊接效率和焊接质量。并且，凹部535的设置还增加了电极组件52的内部空间；容纳部512的设置降低了电极引出件511的制作成本。
图7为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体中集流构件和电极引出件在焊接过程中的结构示意图。
如图7所示，在一些实施例中，电池单体5还包括焊接层54，焊接层54连接于集流构件53和电极引出件511之间。
本申请实施例对焊接层54的材质不做限制，其可以为金属材质，也可以为其他非金属的导电耐热材质，例如金属镍或者导电炭。
在本申请实施例中，焊接层54与导电保护层531在电极引出件511和集流构件53的排列方向相对设置。
本申请实施例的焊接层54可以设置于集流构件53面向电极引出件511的一侧，也可设置在电极引出件511面向集流构件53的一侧，或者在集流构件53和电极引出件511上均设置。
通过在集流构件53和电极引出件511中的至少一者设置焊接层54，相比于二者直接接触来说，焊接层54能够改善集流构件53和电极引出件511在焊接区域各自形成的金属氧化膜相互接触造成的焊接难度高、焊接质量低的问题，从而提高焊接质量和焊接效率。
在一些实施例中，集流构件53的材质包括第一金属，电极引出件511的材质包括第三金属，焊接层54的材质包括第四金属，第四金属的金属活泼性弱于第一金属和第三金属中任一者的金属活泼性。
需要说明的是，集流构件53的材质包括第一金属，该第一金属为集流盘532所用材质。
本申请实施例对第一金属、第三金属以及第四金属的材质不做限制，示例性的，第一金属和第三金属均为铝，第四金属为镍、银或铁。
第一金属和第三金属的活泼性较强，容易产生金属氧化膜造成焊接难度高、焊接质量差的问题，通过在二者之间设置金属活泼性较弱的焊接层54，焊接层54较难形成金属氧化膜且形成的金属氧化膜体量较少，因此二者通过焊接层54焊接，能够降低焊接的难度，提高焊接的质量和效率。焊接层54采用金属材质，更容易制作且制作成本低。
图8为本申请一些实施例提供的集流构件和电极引出件的一种结构示意图。
如图8所示，在一些实施例中，焊接层54包括层叠设置的第一焊接子层541和第二焊接子层542，第一焊接子层541设置于集流构件53，第二焊接子层542设置于电极引出件511。
在本申请实施例中，第一焊接子层541和第二焊接子层542层叠设置，指的是，在焊接前，第一焊接子层541涂覆在集流构件53，第二焊接子层542涂覆在电极引出件511，第一焊接子层541和第二焊接子层542相抵接。在焊接后，第一焊接子层541和第二焊接子层542焊接在一起，从而集流构件53和电极引出件511焊接于一起。
本申请实施例对第一焊接子层541和第二焊接子层542的材质不做限制，二者所用金属材质可以相同，也可以不同。示例性的，第一焊接子层541和第二焊接子层542的材质均为镍，第一金属和第三金属的材质均为铝。当第一焊接子层541和第二焊接子层542的金属材质不同时，第一焊接子层541和第二焊接子层542的金属活泼性弱于第一金属和第三金属中任一者的金属活泼性。示例性的，第一金属和第三金属的材质均为铝，第一焊接子层541的材质为镍，第二焊接子层542的材质为银。
本申请实施例对第一焊接子层541和第二焊接子层542的涂覆面积以及涂覆厚度不做限制，二者的涂覆面积可以相同，也可不同。同样的，二者的涂覆厚度可以相同，也可不同。
通过在集流构件53设置第一焊接子层541，在电极引出件511设置第二焊接子层542，因此集流构件53和电极引出件511通过第一焊接子层541和第二焊接子层542焊接在一起，而第一焊接子层541和第二焊接子层542的金属活泼性弱于集流构件53所包含的第一金属以及电极引出件511所包含的第三金属中任一者的金属活泼性，故相比于集流构件53和电极引出件511，第一焊接子层541和第二焊接子层542焊接时较难形成金属氧化膜且形成的金属氧化膜体量较少，故焊接难度低，焊接质量高。
在一些实施例中，集流构件53包括盘本体533和凸出于盘本体533面向电极引出件511的凸部534，集流构件53在与凸部534相对应的位置设有凹部535，导电保护层531设置于凹部535的底面；电极引出件511与凸部534对应的位置设有容纳部512，凸部534与容纳部512凹凸配合；第一焊接子层541设置于凸部534面向电极引出件511的表面，第二焊接子层542设置于容纳部512的底面。
本申请实施例中的凸部534、凹部535以及容纳部512如上所述。
在本申请实施例中，第一焊接子层541可设置于凸部534面向电极引出件511的部分表面，也可设置于凸部534面向电极引出件511的整个表面。类似的，第二焊接子层542可设置于容纳部512的部分底面，也可设置于容纳部512的整个底面。
将第一焊接子层541设置于凸部534，第二焊接子层542设置于容纳部512，可增大集流盘532焊接区域和电极引出件511焊接区域的接触 面积，进而增加了电池单体5的过流能力，热输入量增加，提高了焊接效率和焊接质量。
在一些实施例中，凸部534为曲形结构。
本申请实施例对曲形结构的具体形状不做限制，其可以为圆弧走向的曲形结构，也可以为抛物线走向的曲形结构，也可以为其他走向的曲形结构。
凸部534为曲形结构，其面向电极引出件511的表面为曲形面，容纳部512的底面与凸部534的曲形面相贴合。
将凸部534设置为曲形结构，显著增加了电极引出件511的焊接区域和集流构件53焊接区域的接触面积，进而热输入量增加，提高了焊接效率和焊接质量。
图9为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体中集流构件和电极引出件在焊接过程中的另一种分解图。
如图9所示，在一些实施例中，凸部534包括设置于自身中心区域的第一平面部536，容纳部512的底面包括第二平面部513，第一平面部536和第二平面部513抵接配合。
本申请实施例中，第一平面部536和第二平面部513均为平面结构，彼此抵接的面均为平面。
本申请实施例中，凸部534还包括围绕于第一平面部536的环状侧壁，可选的，环状侧壁与容纳部512相贴合。
凸部534和容纳部512通过第一平面部536和第二平面部513相贴合，凸部534和容纳部512便于加工制作，且第一平面部536和第二平面部513的贴合程度较高，焊接质量较好。
图10为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体中集流构件和电极引出件在焊接过程中的又一种分解图。
如图10所示，在一些实施例中，凸部534包括多个设置于中心区域的凸出结构537，凸出结构537沿朝向和/或远离容纳部512的底面的方向凸出。
本申请实施例中，多个凸出结构537可以全部沿朝向容纳部512的底面的方向凸出，也可以全部沿远离容纳部512的底面的方向凸出，也可以一部分沿朝向容纳部512的底面方向凸出，一部分沿远离容纳部512的底面的方向凸出。当多个凸出结构537一部分沿朝向容纳部512的底面方向凸出，一部分沿远离容纳部512的底面的方向凸出时，本申请实施例对两部分凸出结构537的排列方式不做限制，示例性的，两部分凸出结构537相互交替设置，即凸出结构537为波浪结构。
本申请实施例对凸出结构537的凸出高度不做限制，所有凸出结构537的凸出高度可以相同，也可各不相同，也可部分相同、部分不同。
本申请实施例中，凸部534还包括围绕于多个凸出结构537的环状侧壁，可选的，环状侧壁与容纳部512相贴合。
在本申请实施例中，容纳部512可以与凸部534的凸出结构537凹凸配合，也可仅是通过平面、曲面或其他形状的面与凸出结构537相抵接。
由于多个凸出结构537的存在，在焊接时，凸部534单位面积的电流会增加，热输入量增加，故焊接质量提高。
在一些实施例中，容纳部512的底面包括第三平面部514，多个凸出结构537包括多个朝向容纳部512底面方向凸出的凸起538，第三平面部514与多个凸起538的至少部分相抵。
在本实施例中，第三平面部514面向凸出结构537的一侧为平面，第三平面部514通过平面与多个凸起538的至少部分相抵。
容纳部512通过平面与至少部分凸起538相抵，便于加工制作。
图11为图8中集流构件的结构示意图。
如图11所示，在一些实施例中，凸部534背离电极引出件511的表面包括与凹部535的底面相接的存储部539，存储部539与凹部535连通。
本申请实施例对存储部539的具体形状不做限制，示例性的，存储部539为凹槽结构。
本申请实施例可以包括多个存储部539，多个存储部539间隔的设置于凹部535的外周，也可仅包括一个存储部539。
设置存储部539，用于容纳焊接时集流构件53溢出的溢料，减少溢料溢出至其他部分的体积，提高电池单体5的良率。
在一些实施例中，存储部539环绕于凹部535的底面设置。
在本实施例中，存储部539连续设置于凹部535的外周侧。
环绕于凹部535的底面设置，可对凹部535中从任何角度溢出的溢料均起到收纳作用，显著减少溢料溢出至其他部分的体积。
在一些实施例中，盘本体533背离电极引出件511的一侧设置有凹槽。
本申请实施例对凹槽的具体设置位置和个数不做限制，示例性的，凹槽的数量为二，两个凹槽沿凹部535对称设置。
通过在盘本体533背离电极引出件511的一侧设置凹槽，能够减 少焊接时上焊针6压力导致的形变，提高电池单体5的良率。同时，凹槽的设置也便于电解液的注入。
在一些实施例中，集流构件53和电极引出件511沿第一方向X排列，凸部534沿第一方向X凸出于盘本体533的最大尺寸a与盘本体533沿第一方向X的尺寸b之比为1：1-5：1；容纳部512沿第一方向X的最大尺寸c与电极引出件511沿第一方向X的尺寸d之比为1：2-1：5。
在本实施例中，凸部534沿第一方向X凸出于盘本体533的最大尺寸a与盘本体533沿第一方向X的尺寸b之比包括端值1：1和5：1，容纳部512沿第一方向X的最大尺寸c与电极引出件511沿第一方向X的尺寸d之比包括端值1：2和1：5。
发明人发现，若凸部534沿第一方向X凸出于盘本体533的最大尺寸a与盘本体533沿第一方向X的尺寸b之比过小的话，则凸部534与容纳部512的接触面积仍较小，热输入量较少，焊接质量提升不明显。若容纳部512沿第一方向X的最大尺寸c与电极引出件511沿第一方向X的尺寸d之比过大的话，会减少电极引出件511的过流面积，降低电池单体5的良率。
鉴于此，发明人设置上述比例，以平衡焊接质量和电池单体5的良率，即焊接质量较高且电池单体5的良率较高。
在一些实施例中，集流构件53和电极引出件511沿第一方向X排列，凸部534沿第一方向X在第一平面的投影面积与集流盘532沿第一方向X在第一平面的投影面积之比为1：4-1：12；容纳部512沿第一方向X在第一平面的投影面积与电极引出件511沿第一方向X在第一平面的投影面积之比为1：2.5-1：6；其中，第一平面垂直于第一方向X。
本申请实施例中，凸部534沿第一方向X在第一平面的投影面积 与集流盘532沿第一方向X在第一平面的投影面积之比包括端值1：4和1：12。容纳部512沿第一方向X在第一平面的投影面积与电极引出件511沿第一方向X在第一平面的投影面积之比包括端值1：2.5和1：6。
发明人发现，若凸部534沿第一方向X在第一平面的投影面积与集流盘532沿第一方向X在第一平面的投影面积之比过小的话，则凸部534与容纳部512的接触面积仍较小，热输入量较少，焊接质量提升不明显。若容纳部512沿第一方向X在第一平面的投影面积与电极引出件511沿第一方向X在第一平面的投影面积之比过大的话，会减少电极引出件511的过流面积，降低电池单体5的良率。
鉴于此，发明人设置上述比例，以平衡焊接质量和电池单体5的良率，即焊接质量较高且电池单体5的良率较高。
本申请实施例还提供一种电池2，包括上述的电池单体5。
本申请实施例还提供一种用电装置，包括上述的电池2，电池2用于提供电能。
请参阅图3-图8，本申请实施例提供了一种电池单体5，电池单体5包括外壳51、电极组件52以及集流构件53。外壳51具有电极引出件511。电极组件52容纳于外壳51内且包括极耳521。集流构件53用于电连接极耳521和电极引出件511，集流构件53焊接于电极引出件511，集流构件53包括导电保护层531，导电保护层531设置于集流构件53背离电极引出件511的一侧。
集流构件53包括集流盘532，导电保护层531设置于集流盘532的背离电极引出件511的表面；集流盘532的材质包括第一金属，导电保护层531的材质包括第二金属，第二金属的金属活泼性弱于第一金属的金属活泼性。集流盘532包括盘本体533和凸出于盘本体533面向电极引出 件511的凸部534，集流盘532在与凸部534相对应的位置设有凹部535，导电保护层531设置于凹部535的底面；电极引出件511与凸部534相对的位置设有容纳部512，凸部534与容纳部512凹凸配合。
电池单体5还包括焊接层54，焊接层54连接于集流构件53和电极引出件511之间。集流构件53的材质包括第一金属，电极引出件511的材质包括第三金属，焊接层54的材质包括第四金属，第四金属的金属活泼性弱于第一金属和第三金属中任一者的金属活泼性。焊接层54包括层叠设置的第一焊接子层541和第二焊接子层542，第一焊接子层541设置于凸部534面向电极引出件511的表面，第二焊接子层542设置于容纳部512的底面。凸部534为曲形结构。
虽然已经参考优选实施例对本申请进行了描述，但在不脱离本申请的范围的情况下，可以对其进行各种改进并且可以用等效物替换其中的部件，尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种电池单体，包括：
    外壳，具有电极引出件；
    电极组件，容纳于所述外壳内且包括极耳；以及
    集流构件，用于电连接所述极耳和所述电极引出件，所述集流构件焊接于所述电极引出件，所述集流构件包括导电保护层，所述导电保护层设置于所述集流构件背离所述电极引出件的一侧。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池单体，其中，所述集流构件包括集流盘，所述导电保护层设置于所述集流盘的背离所述电极引出件的表面；
    所述集流盘的材质包括第一金属，所述导电保护层的材质包括第二金属，所述第二金属的金属活泼性弱于所述第一金属的金属活泼性。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池单体，其中，所述集流盘包括盘本体和凸出于所述盘本体面向所述电极引出件的凸部，所述集流盘在与所述凸部相对应的位置设有凹部，所述导电保护层设置于所述凹部的底面；
    所述电极引出件与所述凸部相对的位置设有容纳部，所述凸部与所述容纳部凹凸配合。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的电池单体，其中，还包括焊接层，所述焊接层连接于所述集流构件和所述电极引出件之间。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电池单体，其中，所述集流构件的材质包括第一金属，所述电极引出件的材质包括第三金属，所述焊接层的材质包括第四金属，所述第四金属的金属活泼性弱于所述第一金属和所述第三金属中任一者的金属活泼性。
  6. 根据权利要求4或5所述的电池单体，其中，所述焊接层包括层叠设置的第一焊接子层和第二焊接子层，所述第一焊接子层设置于所述集 流构件，所述第二焊接子层设置于所述电极引出件。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的电池单体，其中，所述集流构件包括盘本体和凸出于所述盘本体面向所述电极引出件的凸部，所述集流构件在与所述凸部相对应的位置设有凹部，所述导电保护层设置于所述凹部的底面；所述电极引出件与所述凸部对应的位置设有容纳部，所述凸部与所述容纳部凹凸配合；
    所述第一焊接子层设置于所述凸部面向所述电极引出件的表面，所述第二焊接子层设置于所述容纳部的底面。
  8. 根据权利要求3所述的电池单体，其中，所述凸部为曲形结构。
  9. 根据权利要求3所述的电池单体，其中，所述凸部包括设置于自身中心区域的第一平面部，所述容纳部的底面包括第二平面部，所述第一平面部和第二平面部抵接配合。
  10. 根据权利要求3所述的电池单体，其中，所述凸部包括多个设置于中心区域的凸出结构，所述凸出结构沿朝向和/或远离所述容纳部的底面的方向凸出。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的电池单体，其中，所述容纳部的底面包括第三平面部，多个所述凸出结构包括多个朝向所述容纳部底面方向凸出的凸起，所述第三平面部与多个所述凸起的至少部分相抵。
  12. 根据权利要求3所述的电池单体，其中，所述凸部背离所述电极引出件的表面包括与所述凹部的底面相接的存储部，所述存储部与所述凹部连通。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的电池单体，其中，所述存储部环绕于所 述凹部的底面设置。
  14. 根据权利要求3所述的电池单体，其中，所述盘本体背离所述电极引出件的一侧设置有凹槽。
  15. 根据权利要求3所述的电池单体，其中，所述集流构件和所述电极引出件沿第一方向排列，
    所述凸部沿第一方向凸出于所述盘本体的最大尺寸与所述盘本体沿第一方向的尺寸之比为1：1-5：1；
    所述容纳部沿第一方向的最大尺寸与所述电极引出件沿第一方向的尺寸之比为1：2-1：5。
  16. 根据权利要求3所述的电池单体，其中，所述集流构件和所述电极引出件沿第一方向排列，
    所述凸部沿第一方向在第一平面的投影面积与所述集流盘沿所述第一方向在所述第一平面的投影面积之比为1：4-1：12；
    所述容纳部沿第一方向在所述第一平面的投影面积与所述电极引出件沿所述第一方向在所述第一平面的投影面积之比为1：2.5-1：6；
    其中，第一平面垂直于所述第一方向。
  17. 一种电池，包括权利要求1-16任一项所述的电池单体。
  18. 一种用电装置，包括权利要求17所述的电池，所述电池用于提供电能。
PCT/CN2023/100524 2022-07-21 2023-06-15 电池单体、电池及用电装置 WO2024016911A1 (zh)

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