WO2023185438A1 - 车辆底盘结构及车辆 - Google Patents

车辆底盘结构及车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023185438A1
WO2023185438A1 PCT/CN2023/081103 CN2023081103W WO2023185438A1 WO 2023185438 A1 WO2023185438 A1 WO 2023185438A1 CN 2023081103 W CN2023081103 W CN 2023081103W WO 2023185438 A1 WO2023185438 A1 WO 2023185438A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
frame
vehicle
chassis structure
vehicle chassis
subframe
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2023/081103
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈强
贺志杰
张涛
张书任
武文波
周荣青
郭贵阳
陈曦
Original Assignee
长城汽车股份有限公司
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Filing date
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Application filed by 长城汽车股份有限公司 filed Critical 长城汽车股份有限公司
Publication of WO2023185438A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023185438A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D21/00—Understructures, i.e. chassis frame on which a vehicle body may be mounted
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/64—Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B60K2001/0405—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion characterised by their position
    • B60K2001/0438—Arrangement under the floor

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the technical field of vehicle body structures, and in particular to a vehicle chassis structure. In addition, the present disclosure also relates to a vehicle.
  • the battery pack of new energy vehicles is generally located at the bottom of the middle of the vehicle, under the front floor.
  • the battery pack is generally equipped with a bottom tray, which is used to carry the modules and other components in the battery pack, and the entire battery pack is fixed to the bottom frame of the vehicle through the bottom tray.
  • the middle structure of the vehicle body not only has to carry the weight of the battery pack and protect the battery pack; it is also an important supporting structure of the vehicle and needs to bear the main weight of the body body and also needs to Crash-resistant to reduce the risk of side collisions with the vehicle.
  • the existing middle frame structure of the car body is relatively complex to set up, including the sill beam, front floor, battery pack shell, sill reinforcement beam, seat beam, etc.
  • the assembly process is complicated, which is not conducive to improving the efficiency of vehicle assembly.
  • the existing battery pack casing needs to be strictly controlled.
  • the thickness results in insufficient protective strength of the battery pack shell and poor heat insulation effect, which is not conducive to the working temperature control inside the battery pack.
  • the complex assembly structure under the middle part of the car body which is assembled from multiple components such as the sill beam, front floor, battery pack housing, and sill reinforcement beam, the sound insulation performance of the bottom of the car body is reduced, which is not conducive to improving the vehicle experience.
  • the present disclosure aims to propose a vehicle chassis structure to facilitate the connection and assembly between the subframe and the battery pack structure in the middle of the vehicle.
  • a vehicle chassis structure including a battery pack shell integrated with the vehicle body in the middle, and a front subframe and a rear subframe respectively connected to the front and rear ends of the battery pack shell; the battery pack shell has A ring-shaped frame is provided, and a front floor panel is connected to the inside of the frame.
  • the frame and the front floor panel define a battery module installation space, and the front and rear ends of the frame are respectively connected with connectors.
  • the front subframe and the rear subframe are connected to the frame through the connecting pieces at corresponding ends.
  • the battery module installation space is located under the front floor panel, and the front floor panel is provided with a middle channel arranged along the length direction of the vehicle body. The two ends of the middle channel are respectively connected with the front end of the frame. connected to the backend.
  • the central channel is provided with a wire supply harness arranged along the length direction of the central channel and/or through holes for pipelines to pass through; and/or, the front floor panel is set lower than the top of the frame, the tops of the front end and the rear end of the frame are both provided with grooves, and the two ends of the middle channel are fixedly connected respectively. in the corresponding groove.
  • a seat mounting beam is provided on the front floor panel, and the seat mounting beam is connected to the frame and the middle channel respectively.
  • At least one of the frame, the middle channel and the seat mounting beam is made of aluminum profiles.
  • the frame has a hollow inner cavity, and the inner cavity is filled with heat and sound insulation materials; and/or, the top of the front floor panel is laid with heat transfer material.
  • the frame has straight sections arranged on both sides, the straight sections extend along the length direction of the vehicle body, and the straight sections on both sides constitute the sill beam in the vehicle body.
  • a reinforcing beam is provided on the top of the front end of the frame, the reinforcing beam is arranged along the width direction of the vehicle body, and the reinforcing beam is configured to be arranged corresponding to the rear end of the front cabin longitudinal beam in the body, so as to form an opposition.
  • the front cabin longitudinal beam blocks movement toward the rear of the vehicle.
  • both the front end and the rear end of the frame have a straight portion extending along the width direction of the vehicle body, and inclined portions respectively connected to both sides of the straight portion, and each of the inclined portions extends outward in a direction away from the straight portion.
  • the reinforcing beam includes a middle beam body connected to the top of the straight part at the front end, and an end beam body connected to the top of each of the inclined parts at the front end.
  • the top of the end beam body is an inclined plane gradually lowering in a direction away from the middle beam body.
  • the middle beam body is made of aluminum profiles, and a cavity is provided inside the middle beam body; and/or a through hole is provided on the middle beam body and is arranged along the length direction of the vehicle body.
  • each of the connectors is provided with a vehicle body connection portion for being fixedly connected to the front structure or the rear structure of the vehicle body, and a subframe connection for being connected to the front subframe or the rear subframe. department.
  • the connecting piece is detachably connected to the frame; and/or, at least one of the subframe connecting part and the body connecting part adopts a mounting sleeve provided in the connecting piece.
  • the connecting piece is made of aluminum alloy casting, and several weight-reducing cavities are formed in the connecting piece, and reinforcing ribs are provided in the weight-reducing cavities.
  • the present disclosure has the following advantages:
  • the vehicle chassis structure of the present disclosure is conducive to simplifying the assembly structure under the middle part of the vehicle body by configuring the vehicle chassis in the form of an integrated battery pack shell; providing a connector between the frame of the battery pack shell and the subframe can facilitate The connection and installation of the front subframe and the rear subframe on the battery pack shell are facilitated, which is conducive to the integrated design of the connection structure and the connection and assembly of the vehicle's main structure.
  • arranging the middle channel in the length direction of the body can improve the longitudinal support strength of the body structure; and providing via holes inside the middle channel for the layout of wire harnesses, pipelines, etc.; it can reduce the number of pipeline layout structures on the body, It also has a good protective effect on pipelines, thereby helping to improve the laying conditions of pipelines between the front and rear of the vehicle.
  • Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a vehicle having the vehicle chassis structure of the present disclosure.
  • the vehicle of the present disclosure has the technical advantages of the above-mentioned vehicle chassis structure.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic three-dimensional structural diagram of a vehicle chassis structure according to Embodiment 1 of the present disclosure
  • Figure 2 is a schematic three-dimensional structural diagram of the battery pack shell structure according to Embodiment 1 of the present disclosure
  • Figure 3 is a schematic three-dimensional structural diagram of the components described in Figure 2 from a downward perspective;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of the part shown as A-A in Figure 2;
  • Figure 5 is a schematic three-dimensional structural diagram of the middle channel according to Embodiment 1 of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 6 is a top view of the reinforced beam according to Embodiment 1 of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of the part shown by B-B in Figure 6;
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the vehicle chassis structure in the body assembly structure according to Embodiment 1 of the present disclosure
  • Figure 9 is a schematic structural diagram of each component shown in Figure 1 after removing the front structure and rear structure of the vehicle body;
  • Figure 10 is a schematic three-dimensional structural diagram of the connector according to Embodiment 1 of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic three-dimensional structural view of the connector according to Embodiment 1 of the present disclosure from a front and downward perspective;
  • Figure 12 is a schematic three-dimensional structural diagram of the connector and the rear side from an upward perspective according to Embodiment 1 of the present disclosure
  • Connecting parts 180. Subframe connection part; 181. Body connection part; 182. Installation sleeve; 183. Weight reduction cavity; 184. Strengthening rib; 185. Inner part; 186. Outer part; 187. Connecting bolts;
  • Front subframe 192. Rear subframe; 193. Front structure; 194. Rear structure;
  • connection can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection, or it can be an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be two components. Internal connectivity.
  • connection can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection, or it can be an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be two components.
  • Internal connectivity Internal connectivity.
  • This embodiment relates to a vehicle chassis structure to facilitate the connection and assembly between the subframe and the battery pack structure in the middle of the vehicle.
  • An exemplary structure thereof is shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 8 .
  • the vehicle chassis structure includes a battery pack housing integrated with the vehicle body located in the middle, and a front subframe 191 and a rear subframe 192 respectively connected to the front and rear ends of the battery pack housing.
  • the battery pack case has a frame 1 arranged in an annular shape, and a front floor panel connected to the inside of the frame 1 15.
  • the frame 1 and the front floor panel 15 define the battery module installation space 16.
  • the front and rear ends of the frame 1 are respectively connected with connectors 18
  • the front subframe 191 and the rear subframe 192 are both connected to the frame 1 through the connectors 18 at corresponding ends.
  • the frame 1 is preferably made of aluminum profiles, and it can be extruded in one piece, for example. Formed aluminum profiles. Made of aluminum profiles, easy to process and manufacture. Moreover, as shown in Figure 4, there is also an inner cavity in the frame 1. The frame 1 made of aluminum profiles also facilitates the arrangement of the inner cavity in the frame 1. This not only makes the battery pack case integrated with the vehicle body The overall structure is lightweight and can improve the protective performance of the frame 1 as the battery pack shell.
  • partitions 100 can also be added to the inner cavity to divide the inner cavity into multiple sub-cavities 101.
  • the inner cavity can be evenly divided into each sub-cavity 101. Filled with thermal and acoustic insulation.
  • the inner cavity is divided into a plurality of sub-cavities 101 , thereby improving the overall strength of the frame 1 .
  • the frame 1 When the frame 1 is used as the body frame, it can have good support performance and the ability to withstand impacts from the side of the vehicle, which is beneficial to improving the impact resistance and buffering performance of the frame 1 .
  • the addition of heat and sound insulation materials can further improve the heat insulation performance when the frame 1 is used as a battery pack casing.
  • polyurethane foam materials are preferably used as heat and sound insulation materials. In this way, a filling hole can be opened on the frame 1, and the polyurethane foam material can be filled into the inner cavity to facilitate operation. After the filling is completed, the filling hole can be blocked.
  • the annular arrangement of the frame 1 does not mean that the frame 1 is annular as a whole, but that the frame 1 is a complete circle. It can be a rectangle or a polygon with chamfered corners.
  • the structural shape can be flexibly adjusted according to the setting requirements of the middle frame of the car body.
  • the cross-sectional size and wall thickness of the frame 1 are set in such a way that the frame 1 has sufficient body support strength. Can.
  • the frame 1 has straight sections 12 arranged on both sides.
  • the straight sections 12 extend along the length direction of the vehicle body, and the straight sections 12 on both sides constitute the sill beam in the vehicle body.
  • Partially setting both sides of the frame 1 in a straight shape and using it as the sill beam of the vehicle body can simplify the overall frame structure under the middle part of the vehicle body and help streamline the assembly process of the vehicle.
  • the front floor panel 15 on the inside of the frame 1 separates the driver's compartment and the battery module installation space 16. It is not only used as the front floor of the vehicle body, but also serves as the upper case of the battery pack, which simplifies vehicle components. And the simplification of the vehicle assembly process has good effects.
  • the vehicle body has a middle channel 3 arranged along the length direction of the vehicle body.
  • the two ends of the middle channel 3 are connected to the front end and the rear end of the frame 1 respectively.
  • Such a design is not only conducive to enhancing the overall strength of the frame 1, but also helps to increase the overall strength of the body frame; when the vehicle is impacted from the front and rear, it can have a certain protective effect on both the driver's cabin and the battery pack.
  • this embodiment can be provided with grooves 13 on the tops of the front and rear ends of the frame 1 , and the two ends of the middle channel 3 are respectively fixed in the corresponding grooves 13 .
  • the above-mentioned middle channel 3 is preferably made of aluminum profiles, which has the advantages of being lightweight and easy to be extruded. Furthermore, a via hole 300 may be provided in the middle channel 3 to facilitate the layout of vehicle pipelines.
  • this embodiment is also provided with seat mounting beams 17 arranged along the body width direction.
  • the seat mounting beams 17 are respectively connected to both sides of the center tunnel 3 and can also be fixed to the front floor panel 15. even.
  • this embodiment is provided with an added The reinforcing beam 14 is arranged along the width direction of the vehicle body, and the reinforcing beam 14 is configured to correspond to the rear end of the front cabin longitudinal beam at the front of the vehicle body, so as to form a barrier to the movement of the front cabin longitudinal beam toward the rear of the vehicle.
  • the height of the cabin longitudinal beam is generally slightly higher relative to the frame 1.
  • the setting of the reinforcing beam 14 can make it in the same position as the cabin longitudinal beam. In terms of height, it can keep the force transmission from the cabin longitudinal beam to the middle structure of the vehicle smooth, and can reduce the risk of the cabin longitudinal beam being lifted up in the event of a collision if the cabin longitudinal beam is higher than the battery pack structure.
  • the front end of the frame 1 has a straight portion 130 extending along the width direction of the vehicle body, and inclined portions 131 respectively connected to both sides of the straight portion 130 .
  • Each inclined portion 131 is arranged outwardly in a direction pointing toward the rear of the vehicle; accordingly, the reinforcing beam 14 includes a middle beam 140 connected to the top of the straight portion 130 and end beams 141 connected to the top of each inclined portion 131 respectively.
  • the arrangement of the inclined portion 131 can effectively avoid components such as wheels and fender linings.
  • the reinforcing beam 14 is designed as a middle beam 140 located in the middle and end beams 141 at both ends to connect with the tops of the straight part 130 and the inclined part 131 respectively, so that the reinforcing beam 14 can be lifted.
  • the matching degree with frame 1 and the strength of the integrated connection is designed as a middle beam 140 located in the middle and end beams 141 at both ends to connect with the tops of the straight part 130 and the inclined part 131 respectively, so that the reinforcing beam 14 can be lifted.
  • the middle beam body 140 of this embodiment is preferably made of aluminum profiles; at the same time, as shown in FIG. 1 , the middle beam body 140 can also be provided with through holes 142 arranged along the length direction of the vehicle body to facilitate the passage of pipelines. As shown in FIG. 7 , a cavity 144 can also be provided inside the middle beam body 140 to help reduce the weight of the reinforcing beam 14 .
  • the middle beam body 140 is made of aluminum profiles, which is also easy to extrusion and has sufficient strength.
  • the top of the end beam 141 is also a slope 143 that is gradually lowered in a direction away from the middle beam 140 .
  • the top of the end beam body 141 is designed as a gradually lower slope 143, which can be connected to the top of the frame 1 as a whole to improve the overall shape regularity of the reinforcing beam 14 and the frame 1 and facilitate Installation and arrangement of adjacent components such as body sheet metal parts.
  • each connecting part 18 is provided with a sub-frame connecting part 180 for being fixedly connected to the sub-frame, and a sub-frame connecting part 180 for being connected to the vehicle body.
  • the body connecting portion 181 is fixedly connected to the front structure 193 or the rear structure 194 .
  • the connector 18 can be fixed on the frame 1 as the battery pack shell by welding, riveting or other methods. Of course, as shown in FIG. 12 , the preferred method of this embodiment can also be adopted, using connecting bolts 187 to firmly connect the connecting member 18 and the battery pack shell. Moreover, when connected, the inner part 185 of the connecting piece 18 abuts on the straight part 130 of the frame 1 and the outer part 186 abuts on the inclined part 131 of the frame 1 . A detachable connection method such as screw connection is used between the connector 18 and the battery pack shell, so that the connector 18 is detachably connected to the battery pack shell, which facilitates the separate processing and manufacturing of each component and the replacement and assembly of damaged components. .
  • the connector 18 is provided with two body connection parts 181 for connection with the front structure 193 or the rear structure 194. At the same time, it is also provided with a sub-frame connection. Part 180 is used to connect with the front subframe 191 or the rear subframe 192.
  • the mounting sleeve 182 provided in the connector 18 can be used at the subframe connecting portion 180 and/or the vehicle body connecting portion 181 to cooperate with bolts to connect the corresponding components.
  • Installing sleeves 182 are provided at the subframe connecting portion 180, the vehicle body connecting portion 181, etc. to connect the connector 18 to the subframe and the front and rear structures of the vehicle body, which is beneficial to improving the connection strength and reliability.
  • the connecting piece 18 can be made of forged steel, or can be made of cast iron, aluminum alloy, or other materials.
  • the connecting piece 18 in this embodiment is made of aluminum alloy casting.
  • the use of cast aluminum parts facilitates processing and manufacturing, and is conducive to lightweight design of vehicle structures.
  • weight-reducing cavities 183 are formed in the connector 18 , and reinforcing ribs 184 are provided in the weight-reducing cavities 183 .
  • the weight reduction cavity 183 and the reinforcing rib 184 are provided in the connector 18, which can effectively reduce the weight of the connector 18 and reduce the manufacturing cost while ensuring sufficient connection strength of the connector 18.
  • a connector 18 is provided between the middle part of the vehicle body and the front and rear parts, and the connector 18 is fixed on the battery pack shell integrated with the vehicle body, and the subframe connecting portion 180 and 180 on the connector 18 are used.
  • the body connection part 181 connects the subframe and the front and rear structures of the body respectively, which can realize the integrated connection of multiple body structure components on the connector 18, which is beneficial to the integrated design of the connection structure and is helpful for the connection and assembly of the vehicle main structure. .
  • the vehicle chassis structure of this embodiment is conducive to simplifying the assembly structure under the middle part of the vehicle body by structuring the vehicle chassis in the form of an integrated battery pack case. At the same time, a connection is provided between the frame 1 of the battery pack case and the subframe. Part 18 can easily connect and install the front subframe 191 and the rear subframe 192 on the battery pack shell, making the chassis structure a solid integrated structure, which is beneficial to improving the reliability of the chassis.
  • This embodiment relates to a vehicle, which has the vehicle chassis structure provided in Embodiment 1.
  • the battery module installation space 16 is defined by the frame 1 and the front floor panel 15, so that the frame 1 can be used as a body frame structure and also as a side shell of the battery pack, which is conducive to simplifying the lower part of the middle part of the vehicle body. assembly structure.
  • the frame 1 is connected to the center channel 3, the front floor panel 15, the connector 18 and other components, which can also improve the overall strength of the middle structure of the body and facilitate assembly with the front and rear structures of the body.
  • the frame 1 adopts an extruded aluminum profile structure and is annular. Forming a force transmission ring structure can improve the overall structural strength of the frame 1.
  • the frame 1 of this embodiment is extruded in one piece. Since the integral extrusion molding has higher strength than the existing split splicing, the structural strength of the frame 1 itself can also be greatly increased.
  • this embodiment can also form a force transmission channel in the battery pack shell. Therefore, through the force transmission network composed of the annular frame, the middle channel 3 inside and the seat mounting beam 17, when the vehicle collides, on the one hand, the structural characteristics of the aluminum profile can be used to absorb the collision force, and on the other hand, the collision force can be absorbed. It can also effectively disperse and transmit collision forces, especially side collision forces, thereby improving collision safety in the middle of the vehicle body.
  • this embodiment can also facilitate the transmission of the collision force from the front or rear of the vehicle body to the sill beams on both sides. This is combined with the The setting of the middle channel 3 can reduce the deformation of the middle part of the vehicle body, that is, the driver's cabin, during a collision to improve collision safety.
  • the heat of the battery pack can be prevented from escaping. Furthermore, by generally using an alloy material with good heat transfer performance as the front floor panel 15, the vehicle can be used in cold seasons. The heat of the battery pack is transferred to the driver's cabin through the front floor panel 15 . This allows the battery pack located at the bottom of the cabin to form a structure similar to floor heating to improve the ambient temperature inside the vehicle. It can also reduce the heating energy consumption of the air conditioner, which is beneficial to reducing the energy consumption of the entire vehicle.
  • a material with good heat conductivity can also be provided on the front floor panel 15 to better transfer the heat of the battery pack to the cockpit. middle.
  • the heat transfer material can be, for example, graphene material, and specifically an existing graphene plate can be used. Of course, a carpet will be laid on top of the heat transfer material.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

一种车辆底盘结构及车辆，所述的车辆底盘结构包括位于中部的与车身集成为一体的电池包壳体，以及分别连接在电池包壳体前后端的前副车架(191)和后副车架(192)。其中，电池包壳体具有被设置成环形的边框(1)、以及连接在边框(1)内侧的前地板面板(15)，边框(1)和前地板面板(15)限定出电池模组安装空间(16)。而且，边框(1)的前端与后端分别连接有连接件(18)，前副车架(191)与后副车架(192)均通过对应端的连接件(18)与边框(1)相连。所述的车辆底盘结构，通过将车辆底盘构造为集成电池包壳体的形式，有利于简化车身中部下方的装配结构；连接件的设置，可方便地进行前副车架和后副车架在电池包壳体上的连接安装，有助于车辆主体结构的连接装配。

Description

车辆底盘结构及车辆
本公开要求在2022年3月31日提交至中国专利局、申请号为202210344746.9、专利申请名称为“车辆底盘结构及车辆”的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本公开中。
技术领域
本公开涉及车身结构技术领域，特别涉及一种车辆底盘结构。另外，本公开还涉及一种车辆。
背景技术
随着新能源汽车的发展和普及，新能源汽车的动力电池技术也取得了显著进步。新能源汽车的电池包一般设于车辆中部的底部，位于前地板下方。电池包一般会配设底托盘，用于承载电池包内的模组等部件，并通过底托盘将电池包整体固装于车辆的底部框架上。
车身的中部结构，尤其是电池包附近的框架结构，不仅要承载电池包的重量，并对电池包起到保护作用；而且是车辆的重要支撑结构，需要承载车身主体的主要重量，而且还需要具有抗碰撞强度，以降低来自车辆侧部碰撞的风险。
现有的车身中部框架结构，设置比较复杂，包括门槛梁、前地板、电池包壳体、门槛加强梁、座椅横梁等。装配工艺繁复，不利于整车装配效率的提升。而且，现有的电池包壳体，为了降低电池包的整体重量，需要严格控制壳体的 厚度，导致电池包壳体的防护强度不足，隔热效果差，不利于电池包内部的工况温度控制。
而且，由于车身中部下方的装配结构复杂，由门槛梁、前地板、电池包壳体、门槛加强梁等多个部件装配而成，导致车身底部的隔音性能下降，不利于提升车辆的使用体验。
此外，现有的车身结构设计中，往往通过多处连接件进行中部壳体结构和前围板横梁、前机舱纵梁、后部车身结构、副车架等的连接装配，涉及的装配连接件较多，装配工艺比较复杂，导致装配环节需要耗费大量的工作量。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本公开旨在提出一种车辆底盘结构，以便于副车架与车辆中部电池包结构之间的连接装配。
为达到上述目的，本公开的技术方案是这样实现的：
一种车辆底盘结构，包括位于中部的与车身集成为一体的电池包壳体，以及分别连接在所述电池包壳体前后端的前副车架和后副车架；所述电池包壳体具有被设置成环形的边框，以及连接在所述边框内侧的前地板面板，所述边框和所述前地板面板限定出电池模组安装空间，且所述边框的前端与后端分别连接有连接件，所述前副车架与所述后副车架均通过对应端的所述连接件与所述边框相连。
进一步的，所述电池模组安装空间位于所述前地板面板下方，且所述前地板面板上设有沿车身长度方向布置的中通道，所述中通道的两端分别与所述边框的前端及后端相连。
进一步的，所述中通道内设有沿所述中通道长度方向布置的供线束和/或 管路通过的过孔；和/或，所述前地板面板低于所述边框的顶部设置，所述边框的前端与后端的顶部均设有凹槽，所述中通道的两端分别固连在与之对应的所述凹槽中。
进一步的，所述前地板面板上设有座椅安装横梁，所述座椅安装横梁与所述边框及所述中通道分别相连。
进一步的，所述边框、所述中通道和所述座椅安装横梁中的至少一个采用铝型材制成。
进一步的，所述边框具有中空的内腔，所述内腔中填充有隔热隔音材料；和/或，所述前地板面板的顶部铺设有传热材料。
进一步的，所述边框具有分设在两侧的平直段部分，所述平直段部分沿车身长度方向延伸，且两侧的所述平直段部分构成车身中的门槛梁。
进一步的，所述边框前端的顶部设有加强梁，所述加强梁沿车身宽度方向布置，且所述加强梁被配置为与车身中的前机舱纵梁的尾端对应设置，而能够形成对所述前机舱纵梁向车后方向移动的阻挡。
进一步的，所述边框的前端与后端均具有沿车身宽度方向延伸的直线部分，以及分别连接在所述直线部分两侧的倾斜部分，各所述倾斜部分沿远离所述直线部分的方向外倾设置；所述加强梁包括连接在前端的所述直线部分顶部的中部梁体，以及分别连接在前端的各所述倾斜部分顶部的端部梁体。
进一步的，所述端部梁体的顶部为沿远离所述中部梁体的方向渐低设置的斜面。
进一步的，所述中部梁体采用铝型材制成，所述中部梁体内部设置有型腔；和/或，在所述中部梁体上设置沿车身长度方向贯穿布置的通孔。
进一步的，各端的所述连接件均为分别靠近所述边框两侧布置的两个，且 各所述连接件上设有用于和车身中的前部结构或后部结构固连的车身连接部，以及用于和所述前副车架或者所述后副车架连接的副车架连接部。
进一步的，所述连接件可拆卸地连接在所述边框上；和/或，所述副车架连接部和所述车身连接部中的至少一个采用设置在所述连接件中的安装套管。
进一步的，所述连接件采用铝合金铸造成型，且所述连接件中形成有若干减重腔，所述减重腔内设有加强肋。
相对于现有技术，本公开具有以下优势：
本公开的车辆底盘结构，通过将车辆底盘构造为集成电池包壳体的形式，有利于简化车身中部下方的装配结构；在电池包壳体的边框和副车架之间设置连接件，可方便地进行前副车架和后副车架在电池包壳体上的连接安装，利于连接结构的集成化设计，且有助于车辆主体结构的连接装配。
此外，在车身长度方向上布置中通道，可提升车身结构纵向上的支撑强度；而在中通道内部设置过孔，用于线束、管路等的布设；可减少车身上管线布设结构的设置，且对管线具有良好的防护效果，从而利于改善车辆前部和后部之间管线的布设条件。
本公开的另一目的在于提出一种车辆，所述车辆中具有本公开所述的车辆底盘结构。
相对于现有技术，本公开的车辆具有上述车辆底盘结构所具备的技术优势。
附图说明
构成本公开的一部分的附图，是用来提供对本公开的进一步理解，本公开的示意性实施例及其说明是用于解释本公开，其中涉及到的前后、上下等方位词语仅用于表示相对的位置关系，均不构成对本公开的不当限定。在附图中：
图1为本公开实施例一所述的车辆底盘结构的立体结构示意图；
图2为本公开实施例一所述的电池包壳体结构的立体结构示意图；
图3为图2所述部件于下方视角下的立体结构示意图；
图4为图2中A-A所示部位的剖面结构示意图；
图5为本公开实施例一所述的中通道的立体结构示意图；
图6为本公开实施例一所述的加强梁的俯视图；
图7为图6中B-B所示部位的剖面结构示意图；
图8为本公开实施例一所述的车辆底盘结构于车身装配结构中的总体结构示意图；
图9为图1所示各部件在去除车身的前部结构和后部结构后的结构示意图；
图10为本公开实施例一所述的连接件的立体结构示意图；
图11为本公开实施例一所述的连接件于前侧下方视角下的立体结构示意图；
图12为本公开实施例一所述的连接件与后侧上方视角下的立体结构示意图；
附图标记说明：
1、边框；100、隔板；101、分腔体；12、平直段部分；13、凹槽；130、直线部分；131、倾斜部分；
14、加强梁；140、中部梁体；141、端部梁体；142、通孔；143、斜面；144、型腔；
15、前地板面板；16、电池模组安装空间；17、座椅安装横梁；
18、连接件；180、副车架连接部；181、车身连接部；182、安装套管； 183、减重腔；184、加强肋；185、内侧部分；186、外侧部分；187、连接螺栓；
191、前副车架；192、后副车架；193、前部结构；194、后部结构；
3、中通道；300、过孔。
具体实施方式
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本公开中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
在本公开的描述中，需要说明的是，若出现“上”、“下”、“内”、“背”等指示方位或位置关系的术语，其为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本公开和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本公开的限制。
此外，在本公开的描述中，除非另有明确的限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“连接件”应做广义理解。例如，连接可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，亦或是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以结合具体情况理解上述术语在本公开中的具体含义。下面将参考附图并结合实施例来详细说明本公开。
实施例一
本实施例涉及一种车辆底盘结构，以便于副车架与车辆中部电池包结构之间的连接装配，其一种示例性结构如图1并图8所示。
整体而言，该车辆底盘结构包括位于中部的与车身集成为一体的电池包壳体，以及分别连接在电池包壳体前后端的前副车架191和后副车架192。其中，电池包壳体具有被设置成环形的边框1、以及连接在边框1内侧的前地板面板 15，边框1和前地板面板15限定出电池模组安装空间16。而且，边框1的前端与后端分别连接有连接件18，前副车架191与后副车架192均通过对应端的连接件18与边框1相连。
基于上述整体设计，结合图2、图3所示，对于本实施例的车辆底盘结构，作为一种优选的实施方式，其中，边框1优选采用铝型材制成，且其例如可采用一体挤压成型的铝型材。采用铝型材，便于加工制造。而且，如图4所示，边框1内也设有内腔，铝型材制成的边框1也便于边框1内内腔的设置，这样不仅使作为电池包壳体的与车身集成的电池包壳体结构具有轻量化的特点，且可改善边框1作为电池包壳体的防护性能。
基于上述边框1中内腔的设置，内腔中也可加设若干隔板100，而将内腔分隔为多个分腔体101，并作为优选实施形式，可在各分腔体101中均填充隔热隔音材料。通过在内腔内设置多个隔板100，而将内腔分隔为多个分腔体101，对边框1的整体强度起到良好的改善作用。当边框1作为车身主体框架时，其可以具备良好的支撑性能和承受来自车辆侧部撞击的能力，利于提升边框1的抗撞击和缓冲性能。
隔热隔音材料的加设，可进一步改善边框1作为电池包壳体情况下的隔热保温性。由于内腔为全封闭结构，为了便于隔热隔音材料的加设，隔热隔音材料优选采用聚氨酯发泡材料。这样，可在边框1上开设加注孔，将聚氨酯发泡材料加注到内腔内，便于操作实施，在加注完成后将加注孔封堵。
需要指出的是，边框1的环形设置并非指边框1整体为圆环状，而是指边框1为整圈的结构。其可以是矩形、或者角部具有倒角形状的多边形，可以根据车身中部框架的设置要求灵活调整结构形状，边框1的截面尺寸及壁厚以使边框1具有足够的车身支撑强度为原则设置即可。
在本实施例中，边框1具有分设在两侧的平直段部分12，平直段部分12沿车身长度方向延伸，且两侧的平直段部分12构成车身中的门槛梁。将边框1的两侧部分地设置成平直状，并作为车身的门槛梁使用，可简化车身中部下方的整体框架结构，利于精简车辆的装配工艺。
此外，边框1内侧前地板面板15的设置，将驾乘舱和电池模组安装空间16分隔开，不仅作为车身的前地板使用，而且作为电池包的上壳体使用，对于车辆部件的精简以及车辆装配工艺的简化具有良好的效果。
如图1、图2并图5所示，本实施例中，车身中具有沿车身长度方向布置的中通道3，中通道3的两端分别与边框1的前端及后端相连。这样的设计，不仅利于增强边框1的整体强度，且有助于增加车身框架的整体强度；在车辆受到来自前后部碰撞时，可对驾乘舱和电池包均起到一定的防护效果。
此外，具体实施时，本实施例可在边框1的前端与后端的顶部均设置凹槽13，中通道3的两端分别固连在与之对应的凹槽13中。通过在边框1的前后两端设置两个凹槽13，可改善边框1和中通道3之间的连接强度，并使中通道3不至于突出于中通道3的上方，便于中通道3上方驾乘舱的布置。
上述的中通道3优选采用采用铝型材制作，具有轻量化和便于挤压成型的优点。而且，可在中通道3中设置过孔300，以便于车辆管线的布置。
另外，在车身宽度方向上，本实施例也设有沿车身宽度方向布置的座椅安装横梁17，座椅安装横梁17与中通道3的两侧分别相连，同时也可和前地板面板15固连。通过设置座椅安装横梁17，不仅便于车辆座椅的安装，而且，由于座椅安装横梁17与中通道3两侧的连接，可有效提升车身中部的整体结构强度。
如图1所示，作为优选实施形式，本实施例在边框1的前端的顶部设有加 强梁14，加强梁14沿车身宽度方向布置，且加强梁14被配置为与车身前部的前机舱纵梁的尾端对应设置，而能够形成对前机舱纵梁向车后方向移动的阻挡。
通过设置加强梁14，不仅可提升边框1前部的支撑强度，而且，整体车身中，一般机舱纵梁相对于边框1的高度稍高，加强梁14的设置可使其与机舱纵梁在一个高度上，可保持机舱纵梁到车辆中部结构的传力畅通，并能够降低机舱纵梁高度高于电池包结构，而出现碰撞时机舱纵梁上掀的风险。
结合图6、图7所示，在本实施例中，边框1的前端具有沿车身宽度方向延伸的直线部分130，以及分别连接在直线部分130两侧的倾斜部分131。各倾斜部分131沿指向车后的方向外倾设置；相应的，加强梁14包括连接在直线部分130顶部的中部梁体140，以及分别连接在各倾斜部分131顶部的端部梁体141。倾斜部分131的设置，可有效避让车轮及其翼子板内衬等部件。而基于边框1前端的形状设置，将加强梁14设计为位于中部的中部梁体140以及两端的端部梁体141，以分别与直线部分130和倾斜部分131的顶部连接，可提升加强梁14和边框1的匹配度和一体连接强度。
本实施例的中部梁体140优选采用铝型材制成；同时，如图1所示，还可在中部梁体140上设置沿车身长度方向贯穿布置的通孔142，以便于管线的穿设。如图7所示，中部梁体140内部还可设置型腔144，以利于降低加强梁14的自身重量。此外，中部梁体140采用铝型材制造，也具有便于挤压成型的特点，并且具有足够的强度。
此外，本实施例中，端部梁体141的顶部也为沿远离中部梁体140的方向渐低设置的斜面143。端部梁体141的顶部设计为渐低设置的斜面143，可与边框1的顶部连接为一体，提高加强梁14和边框1的整体形状规整度，便于 车身钣金件等临近部件的安装布置。
为了便于本实施例的车辆底盘结构和车身前后部结构的连接，在本实施例中，如图8、图9并结合图10至图12所示，边框1的前端与后端分别连接有连接件18，各端的连接件18均为分别靠近边框1两侧布置的两个；而且，各连接件18上设有用于和副车架固连的副车架连接部180、以及用于和车身中的前部结构193或后部结构194固连的车身连接部181。
连接件18可以采用焊接、铆接等方式固装于作为电池包壳体的边框1上。当然，结合图12所示，也可采用如本实施例的优选方式，采用连接螺栓187将连接件18和电池包壳体固连起来。而且，在连接时，连接件18的内侧部分185抵接在边框1的直线部分130上的，外侧部分186抵接在边框1的倾斜部分131上。连接件18和电池包壳体之间采用例如螺接等形式的可拆卸连接方式，使连接件18可拆卸地连接在电池包壳体上，便于各部件的分别加工制造以及损坏部件的替换装配。
如图10、图11并图12所示，连接件18上设置有两处车身连接部181，以用于和前部结构193或者后部结构194连接，同时，也设有一处副车架连接部180，用于和前副车架191或者后副车架192连接。在副车架连接部180和/或车身连接部181处可采用设置在连接件18中的安装套管182，配合螺栓连接相应部件。
在副车架连接部180、车身连接部181等处通过设置安装套管182进行连接件18和副车架以及车身前后部结构的连接，有利于提升连接强度和可靠性。
本实施例中，连接件18可采用锻压钢质件，也可采用铸铁、铝合金等材质，优选地，本实施例的连接件18采用铝合金铸造成型。采用铸铝件，便于加工制造，且有利于车辆结构轻量化设计。
此外，基于其采用铸铝件，在连接件18中形成有若干个减重腔183，而且，减重腔183内设有加强肋184。在连接件18中设置减重腔183以及加强肋184，在保障连接件18足够的连接强度的情况下，可有效降低连接件18的自身重量、降低制造成本。
本实施例通过在车身中部和前后部之间设置连接件18，将连接件18固装于与车身集成为一体的电池包壳体上，并利用连接件18上的副车架连接部180、车身连接部181分别连接副车架以及车身的前后部结构，可实现多个车身结构部件在连接件18上的一体连接，利于连接结构的集成化设计，且有助于车辆主体结构的连接装配。
本实施例的车辆底盘结构，通过将车辆底盘构造为集成电池包壳体的形式，有利于简化车身中部下方的装配结构，同时，在电池包壳体的边框1和副车架之间设置连接件18，可方便地进行前副车架191和后副车架192在电池包壳体上的连接安装，使得底盘结构成为坚固的一体结构，而有利于提升底盘的可靠性。
实施例二
本实施例涉及一种车辆，该车辆中即具有实施例一所提供的车辆底盘结构。
而且，本实施例的车辆由边框1和前地板面板15限定出电池模组安装空间16，使边框1在作为车身框架结构的同时作为电池包的侧部壳体使用，有利于简化车身中部下方的装配结构。同时，边框1同时连接设置中通道3、前地板面板15、连接件18等部件，也可提升车身中部结构的整体强度，以及便于和车身前后结构之间的装配。
此外，还需强调的是，使得边框1采用挤出铝型材结构，且自身为环形而 形成传力环结构，可提高边框1整体的结构强度。与此同时，本实施例的边框1为一体挤压成型的，由于整体挤压成型比现有的分体拼接强度更高，因而也可大大增加边框1自身的结构强度。
同时，再配合于横、纵交织的中通道3和座椅安装横梁17的设置，本实施例也能够在电池包壳体中形成力传递通道。由此，通过环形的边框与其内的中通道3及座椅安装横梁17共同组成的传力网络，可在车辆发生碰撞时，一方面利用铝型材结构特点，对碰撞力进行吸收，另一方面也可对碰撞力、特别是侧碰碰撞力，进行有效的分散传递，从而提升车身中部的碰撞安全性。
利用边框1两端具有倾斜部分，而呈指向车头或车尾的锥状结构，本实施例也能够利于来自车身前部或后部的碰撞力向两侧的门槛梁部位传递，如此再结合于中通道3的设置，能够减少碰撞时车身中部位置、也即驾乘舱处的变形，以提高碰撞安全性。
本实施例通过在边框1内设置隔热材料，可避免电池包热量外散，且再通过一般采用具有较好传热性能的合金材质的前地板面板15，便可在寒冷季节用车时，使得电池包热量经前地板面板15向驾乘舱内传递。由此可使得位于驾乘舱底部的电池包形成类似于地暖的结构，以改善车内环境温度，并且，其也可以降低空调制热耗能，而有利于整车能耗的减少。
此外，进一步的，本实施例基于电池包壳体顶部下凹设置，也可在前地板面板15上设置具有良好传热性的材料，以可更好地将电池包的热量传递至驾乘舱中。此时，传热材料例如可采用石墨烯材料，且具体可采用现有的石墨烯板，当然在传热材料上面会铺设有地毯。
以上所述仅为本公开的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本公开，凡在本公开的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本公 开的保护范围之内。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种车辆底盘结构，其特征在于：
    包括位于中部的与车身集成为一体的电池包壳体，以及分别连接在所述电池包壳体前后端的前副车架(191)和后副车架(192)；
    所述电池包壳体具有被设置成环形的边框(1)，以及连接在所述边框(1)内侧的前地板面板(15)，所述边框(1)和所述前地板面板(15)限定出电池模组安装空间(16)，且所述边框(1)的前端与后端分别连接有连接件(18)，所述前副车架(191)与所述后副车架(192)均通过对应端的所述连接件(18)与所述边框(1)相连。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的车辆底盘结构，其特征在于：
    所述电池模组安装空间(16)位于所述前地板面板(15)下方，且所述前地板面板(15)上设有沿车身长度方向布置的中通道(3)，所述中通道(3)的两端分别与所述边框(1)的前端及后端相连。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的车辆底盘结构，其特征在于：
    所述中通道(3)内设有沿所述中通道(3)长度方向布置的供线束和/或管路通过的过孔(300)；和/或，所述前地板面板(15)低于所述边框(1)的顶部设置，所述边框(1)的前端与后端的顶部均设有凹槽(13)，所述中通道(3)的两端分别固连在与之对应的所述凹槽(13)中。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的车辆底盘结构，其特征在于：
    所述前地板面板(15)上设有座椅安装横梁(17)，所述座椅安装横梁(17)与所述边框(1)及所述中通道(3)分别相连。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的车辆底盘结构，其特征在于：
    所述边框(1)、所述中通道(3)和所述座椅安装横梁(17)中的至少一个采用铝型材制成。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的车辆底盘结构，其特征在于：
    所述边框(1)具有中空的内腔，所述内腔中填充有隔热隔音材料；和/或，所述前地板面板(15)的顶部铺设有传热材料。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的车辆底盘结构，其特征在于：
    所述边框(1)具有分设在两侧的平直段部分(12)，所述平直段部分(12)沿车身长度方向延伸，且两侧的所述平直段部分(12)构成车身中的门槛梁。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的车辆底盘结构，其特征在于：
    所述边框(1)前端的顶部设有加强梁(14)，所述加强梁(14)沿车身宽度方向布置，且所述加强梁(14)被配置为与车身中的前机舱纵梁的尾端对应设置，而能够形成对所述前机舱纵梁向车后方向移动的阻挡。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的车辆底盘结构，其特征在于：
    所述边框(1)的前端与后端均具有沿车身宽度方向延伸的直线部分(130)，以及分别连接在所述直线部分(130)两侧的倾斜部分(131)，各所述倾斜部 分(131)沿远离所述直线部分(130)的方向外倾设置；
    所述加强梁(14)包括连接在前端的所述直线部分(130)顶部的中部梁体(140)，以及分别连接在前端的各所述倾斜部分(131)顶部的端部梁体(141)。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的车辆底盘结构，其特征在于：
    所述端部梁体(141)的顶部为沿远离所述中部梁体(140)的方向渐低设置的斜面(143)。
  11. 根据权利要求9所述的车辆底盘结构，其特征在于：
    所述中部梁体(140)采用铝型材制成，所述中部梁体(140)内部设置有型腔(144)；和/或，在所述中部梁体(140)上设置沿车身长度方向贯穿布置的通孔(142)。
  12. 根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的车辆底盘结构，其特征在于：
    各端的所述连接件(18)均为分别靠近所述边框(1)两侧布置的两个，且各所述连接件(18)上设有用于和车身中的前部结构(193)或后部结构(194)固连的车身连接部(181)，以及用于和所述前副车架(191)或者所述后副车架(192)连接的副车架连接部(180)。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的车辆底盘结构，其特征在于：
    所述连接件(18)可拆卸地连接在所述边框(1)上；和/或，所述副车架连接部(180)和所述车身连接部(181)中的至少一个采用设置在所述连接件(18)中的安装套管(182)。
  14. 根据权利要求12所述的车辆底盘结构，其特征在于：
    所述连接件(18)采用铝合金铸造成型，且所述连接件(18)中形成有若干减重腔(183)，所述减重腔(183)内设有加强肋(184)。
  15. 一种车辆，其特征在于：
    所述车辆中具有权利要求1至14中任一项所述的车辆底盘结构。
PCT/CN2023/081103 2022-03-31 2023-03-13 车辆底盘结构及车辆 WO2023185438A1 (zh)

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