WO2023077620A1 - 一种基于MXene废弃沉淀制备的电磁波吸收材料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

一种基于MXene废弃沉淀制备的电磁波吸收材料及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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WO2023077620A1
WO2023077620A1 PCT/CN2021/137984 CN2021137984W WO2023077620A1 WO 2023077620 A1 WO2023077620 A1 WO 2023077620A1 CN 2021137984 W CN2021137984 W CN 2021137984W WO 2023077620 A1 WO2023077620 A1 WO 2023077620A1
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mxene
electromagnetic wave
preparation
absorbing material
waste
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PCT/CN2021/137984
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French (fr)
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万艳君
王晓允
廖思远
朱朋莉
胡友根
孙蓉
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中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q17/00Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an antenna; Combinations of such devices with active antenna elements or systems

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  • the invention belongs to the technical field of nanomaterials and electromagnetic wave absorbing materials, and in particular relates to an electromagnetic wave absorbing material prepared based on waste precipitation of MXene and its preparation method and application.
  • Electromagnetic waves have been widely used in the fields of radar, advanced detectors, and precision weapons, which have also caused thorny problems such as electromagnetic pollution, electromagnetic interference, and electromagnetic leakage.
  • the development of high-efficiency absorbing materials is of great significance to environmental protection, human health, and information security.
  • various new electromagnetic wave absorbing materials have been developed to resist electromagnetic wave radiation and interference.
  • MXene is a two-dimensional layered early transition metal carbide, nitride or carbonitride. MXene materials are used in the research of microwave absorbing materials due to their special two-dimensional structure, high electrical conductivity, large surface area, and low density.
  • the current mainstream method for preparing MXene nanosheets has a low yield, and a large amount of waste precipitation ( ⁇ 80-90%) will be generated after MXene stripping.
  • the present invention utilizes a large amount of waste precipitation produced after MXene stripping An electromagnetic wave absorbing material is prepared as a raw material.
  • a MXene/PPy composite wave absorber and its preparation method are disclosed in the closest prior art patent No. CN 112292015 A; a FeCo@MXene core-shell is disclosed in the patent No. CN 110283570 A Structural composite wave-absorbing material and its preparation method; the patent No. CN 112251193 A discloses a composite wave-absorbing material based on MXene and metal organic framework and its preparation method and application; the above comparative documents all pass MXene and The combination of other absorbing materials improves the absorbing performance of MXene and broadens the effective absorption bandwidth to a certain extent. However, its ability to absorb electromagnetic waves still needs to be improved, and the cost of MXene raw materials is high, and the preparation steps of composite materials are complicated.
  • MXene waste precipitated absorbing materials have the advantages of low cost and simple preparation process.
  • the waste precipitates generated after stripping MXene nanosheets can be reused, but there is no research on the preparation of absorbing materials based on MXene waste precipitates. material reports. Therefore, designing and preparing a preparation method for electromagnetic wave absorbing materials based on MXene waste precipitation can develop new electromagnetic wave absorbing materials in a simpler and environmentally friendly way to obtain better absorption performance.
  • the object of the present invention is to design and provide an electromagnetic wave absorbing material prepared based on waste precipitation of MXene and its preparation method and application.
  • the preparation method of the microwave-absorbing material of the present invention is simple, and the waste precipitation of MXene is used for a second time, thereby reducing the cost and protecting the environment; through the carbonization treatment, the microwave-absorbing performance and the microwave-absorbing bandwidth of the microwave-absorbing material are effectively improved.
  • An electromagnetic wave absorbing material prepared based on MXene waste precipitation is characterized in that the electromagnetic wave absorbing material is obtained by using the remaining MXene waste precipitation after preparing MXene by MAX phase etching as a raw material, collecting, drying, and carbonizing.
  • the described electromagnetic wave absorbing material prepared based on MXene waste precipitation is characterized in that the carbonization treatment is as follows: the dried MXene waste precipitation is placed in a crucible, and put into a tube furnace under N atmosphere 400-1000 °C carbonization for 1-5 h to obtain an electromagnetic wave absorbing material.
  • the preparation method is characterized in that the MAX phase in the step (1) includes one or more of Ti 3 AlC 2 , Ti 2 AlC, and Nb 2 AlC, preferably Ti 3 AlC 2 , and the MXene is an accordion shape.
  • the preparation method is characterized in that the etchant in the step (1) includes one of HF or a LiF/HCl composite solvent, preferably the etchant is a LiF/HCl composite solvent.
  • the preparation method is characterized in that the etching treatment conditions in the step (1) are: rotation speed 200-400rpm, temperature 35-50 °C, reaction time 24-48 h.
  • the preparation method is characterized in that the rotational speed of the centrifuge in the step (2) is 1500-3500r/min.
  • the preparation method is characterized in that the drying in the step (3) includes vacuum drying, and the conditions of the vacuum drying are: drying temperature 40-70 °C, drying time 12-48 h.
  • the preparation method is characterized in that the specific operation of the carbonization treatment in the step (4) is: place the dried MXene waste precipitate in a crucible, put it into a tube furnace, and place it in a N 2 atmosphere at 400-1000 ° C is carbonized for 1-5 h to obtain an electromagnetic wave absorbing material.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the waste precipitation of MXene includes unetched MAX phases, single-layer or multilayer MXene nanosheets, etc., and these unetched successful MAX phases and multilayer MXene reduce the electrical conductivity of waste precipitation and improve The degree of impedance matching between waste precipitation and electromagnetic waves is improved, and the interface between materials is increased.
  • the present invention further improves the impedance matching ability of the material by carbonizing the MXene waste precipitation, enhances the wave absorption ability between 2 GHz and 18 GHz in the low frequency band, and the maximum absorption (reflectivity) of electromagnetic waves reaches -43.8 dB, showing Excellent absorbing ability.
  • the method of the invention is simple, and the waste precipitation of MXene is used for secondary utilization, and the wave-absorbing performance and wave-absorbing bandwidth of the wave-absorbing material are effectively improved.
  • Fig. 1 is the scanning electron micrograph of the wave-absorbing material prepared based on MXene discarded precipitation obtained in embodiment 1;
  • Fig. 2 is the electromagnetic parameter diagram in the 2-18 GHz frequency band of the absorbing material containing 40 wt.% based on the waste precipitation of MXene prepared in Example 2;
  • Fig. 3 is the wave-absorbing performance diagram in the 2-18 GHz frequency band of the wave-absorbing material containing 40 wt.% based on the waste precipitation of MXene prepared in Example 2;
  • Fig. 4 is the electromagnetic parameter diagram in the 2-18 GHz frequency band containing 50wt.% absorbing material prepared based on MXene waste precipitation in Example 3;
  • Fig. 5 is a diagram of the absorbing performance of the absorbing material in Example 3 containing 50 wt.% based on waste precipitation of MXene prepared in the 2-18 GHz frequency band.
  • the preparation method of the wave-absorbing material prepared based on MXene waste precipitation is as follows:
  • Step 1 adding the MAX phase into the etchant for etching to obtain MXene.
  • the MAX phase is selected from one or more of Ti 3 AlC 2 , Ti 2 AlC, and Nb 2 AlC, preferably Ti 3 AlC 2 .
  • the etching method refers to the existing reports, and proceeds as follows:
  • the etchant is selected from one of HF or LiF/HCl composite solvent, preferably the etchant is LiF/HCl composite solvent.
  • the etchant is selected from one of HF or LiF/HCl composite solvent, preferably the etchant is LiF/HCl composite solvent.
  • Step 2 Transfer the etched suspension to a centrifuge tube, wash and centrifuge it repeatedly with deionized water to neutrality, the centrifuge speed is 3500r/m, and then shake and centrifuge 10 times in sequence.
  • the upper layer of MXene nanosheet dispersion is collected, and the lower layer of precipitation is collected, that is, the waste precipitation of MXene.
  • Step 3 The discarded MXene precipitate collected in step 2 was vacuum-dried at 50 °C for 12 h for later use.
  • Step 4 Put the dried MXene waste precipitate in a crucible, put it into a tube furnace and carbonize it at 700 °C for 4 h under N2 atmosphere, and obtain the absorbing material based on MXene waste precipitate.
  • the material structure is shown in Figure 1.
  • Example 2 the wave-absorbing material prepared based on the waste precipitation of MXene in Example 1 was mixed with paraffin wax at a filling amount of 40wt.%, stirred evenly, poured into a mold, and pressed into hollow rings with an inner diameter of 3mm and an outer diameter of 7mm with different thicknesses , using Keysight
  • the PNA-E5227B vector network analyzer tests its complex dielectric constant and electromagnetic wave absorption performance.
  • Example 2 the wave-absorbing material prepared based on the waste precipitation of MXene in Example 1 was mixed with paraffin wax at a filling amount of 50wt.%, stirred evenly, poured into a mold, and pressed into hollow rings with an inner diameter of 3mm and an outer diameter of 7mm with different thicknesses , using Keysight
  • the PNA-E5227B vector network analyzer tests its complex dielectric constant and electromagnetic wave absorption performance.
  • the test results are shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, respectively.
  • the waste precipitate of MXene has appropriate real and imaginary part values of the complex permittivity.
  • the reflection loss can reach -43.8dB.

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Abstract

一种基于MXene废弃沉淀制备的电磁波吸收材料及其制备方法和应用,属于纳米材料、电磁波吸收材料技术领域。提供了一种基于MXene废弃沉淀得到的电磁波吸收材料,是通过以MAX相刻蚀制备MXene后剩余的MXene废弃沉淀为原材料,经过收集,干燥,碳化处理后得到的。所述碳化处理为:将干燥后的MXene废弃沉淀置于坩埚中,放入管式炉中在N 2气氛下400-1000℃碳化1-5h,得到电磁波吸收材料。还提供了该电磁波吸收材料的制备方法及其应用。方法简单,对MXene废弃沉淀进行二次利用,并有效提高了吸波材料的吸波性能和吸波带宽。

Description

一种基于MXene废弃沉淀制备的电磁波吸收材料及其制备方法和应用 技术领域
本发明属于纳米材料、电磁波吸收材料技术领域,具体涉及一种基于MXene废弃沉淀制备的电磁波吸收材料及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
电磁波在雷达、先进探测器以及精密武器等领域中获得了广泛应用,由此也产生了电磁污染、电磁干扰、电磁泄露等棘手问题。高效吸波材料的开发对环境保护和人体健康、保障信息安全具有重要意义。近年来,各种新型电磁波吸收材料已经被开发出来以对抗电磁波辐射和干扰。MXene是一种二维分层早期过渡金属碳化物、氮化物或碳氮化物,MXene材料由于其特殊的二维结构,高电导率,大表面积,低密度等特点被用于吸波材料研究。然而,目前主流的MXene纳米片的制备方法产率低,MXene剥离后会产生的大量废弃沉淀(~80-90%),为了降低成本和减少浪费,本发明利用MXene剥离后产生的大量废弃沉淀作为原材料制备电磁波吸收材料。
在最接近的现有技术专利号为CN 112292015 A的文件中公开了一种MXene/PPy复合吸波剂及其制备方法;专利号为CN 110283570 A的文件中公开了一种FeCo@MXene核壳结构复合吸波材料及其制备方法;专利号为CN 112251193 A的文件中公开了一种基于MXene与金属有机框架的复合吸波材料及其制备方法和应用;以上对比文件中均通过将MXene与其他吸波材料复合,在一定程度上提高了MXene的吸波性能和拓宽了有效吸收带宽。但是,其对电磁波的吸收能力仍有待提高,而且MXene原材料的成本较高,复合材料的制备步骤复杂。
因此,开发一种能够对废料进行二次利用且制备过程简单的电磁波吸收材料对于吸波材料的开发和生产具有重要意义。与MXene材料相比,MXene废弃沉淀吸波材料具有成本低且制备过程简单的优点,剥离MXene纳米片之后产生的废弃沉淀可以被二次利用,但目前还未有关于基于MXene废弃沉淀制备吸波材料的报道。因此,设计制备一种基于MXene废弃沉淀的电磁波吸收材料的制备方法,能够以更简单和环保的方式开发新型电磁波吸波材料,以获得更优异的吸收性能。
发明内容
针对上述现有技术中存在的问题,本发明的目的在于设计提供一种基于MXene废弃沉淀制备的电磁波吸收材料及其制备方法和应用。本发明吸波材料的制备方法简单,且对MXene废弃沉淀进行二次利用,降低成本,保护环境;通过碳化处理,有效提高了吸波材料的吸波性能和吸波带宽。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种基于MXene废弃沉淀制备的电磁波吸收材料,其特征在于所述电磁波吸收材料是通过以MAX相刻蚀制备MXene后剩余的MXene废弃沉淀为原材料,经过收集,干燥,碳化处理后得到的。
所述的一种基于MXene废弃沉淀制备的电磁波吸收材料,其特征在于所述碳化处理为:将干燥后的MXene废弃沉淀置于坩埚中,放入管式炉中在N 2气氛下400-1000 °C碳化1-5 h,得到电磁波吸收材料。
所述的基于MXene废弃沉淀制备的电磁波吸收材料的制备方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
(1)将MAX相加入到刻蚀剂中进行刻蚀处理,得到MXene;
(2)反复用去离子水洗涤并离心至中性后,经若干次的震荡和离心后,收集下层沉淀即MXene废弃沉淀;
(3)对上述步骤(2)得到的MXene废弃沉淀进行干燥;
(4)将上述步骤(3)干燥后的MXene废弃沉淀进行碳化处理,得到电磁波吸收材料。
所述的制备方法,其特征在于所述步骤(1)中MAX相包括Ti 3AlC 2、Ti 2AlC、Nb 2AlC中的一种或多种,优选Ti 3AlC 2,所述MXene为手风琴状。
所述的制备方法,其特征在于所述步骤(1)中刻蚀剂包括HF或LiF/HCl复合溶剂中的一种,优选刻蚀剂为LiF/HCl复合溶剂。
所述的制备方法,其特征在于所述步骤(1)中刻蚀处理的条件为:转速200-400rpm,温度35-50 °C,反应时间24-48 h。
所述的制备方法,其特征在于所述步骤(2)中离心的转速均为1500-3500r/min。
所述的制备方法,其特征在于所述步骤(3)中干燥包括真空干燥,所述真空干燥的条件为:干燥温度40-70 °C,干燥时间12-48 h。
所述的制备方法,其特征在于所述步骤(4)中碳化处理的具体操作为:将干燥后的MXene废弃沉淀置于坩埚中,放入管式炉中在N 2气氛下400-1000 °C碳化1-5 h,得到电磁波吸收材料。
所述的基于MXene废弃沉淀制备的电磁波吸收材料在作为新型电磁波吸波材料中的应用。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
本发明制备方法中MXene废弃沉淀包括未刻蚀成功的MAX相、单层或多层的MXene纳米片等,这些未刻蚀成功的MAX相和多层的MXene降低了废弃沉淀的电导率,提高了废弃沉淀和电磁波的阻抗匹配程度,同时增加了材料之间的界面。本发明通过对MXene废弃沉淀进行碳化处理,进一步改善了材料的阻抗匹配能力,增强了在低频段2 GHz-18 GHz之间的吸波能力,电磁波最大吸收(反射率)达-43.8 dB,表现出优良的吸波能力。并且本发明方法简单,对MXene废弃沉淀进行二次利用,并有效提高了吸波材料的吸波性能和吸波带宽。
附图说明
图1为实施例1中得到的基于MXene废弃沉淀制备的吸波材料的扫描电镜图;
图2为实施例2中含有40 wt.%基于MXene废弃沉淀制备的吸波材料在2-18 GHz频段的电磁参数图;
图3为实施例2中含有40 wt.%基于MXene废弃沉淀制备的吸波材料在2-18 GHz频段的吸波性能图;
图4为实施例3中含有50wt.%基于MXene废弃沉淀制备的吸波材料在2-18 GHz频段的电磁参数图;
图5为实施例3中的含有50 wt.%基于MXene废弃沉淀制备的吸波材料在2-18 GHz频段的吸波性能图。
具体实施方式
以下将结合附图,通过具体实例对本发明作进一步描述。这些实施例仅限于说明本发明,而不用于限制本发明范围。
实施例1:
基于MXene废弃沉淀制备的吸波材料的制备方法如下:
步骤1、将MAX相加入到刻蚀剂中进行刻蚀,得到MXene。在本发明中,MAX相选自Ti 3AlC 2、Ti 2AlC、Nb 2AlC中的一种或几种,优选为Ti 3AlC 2。刻蚀方法参考已有的报道,按照如下方式进行:
(1)刻蚀剂的配制:刻蚀剂选自HF或LiF/HCl复合溶剂中的一种,优选刻蚀剂为LiF/HCl复合溶剂。先配置9 M的盐酸溶液,将2g LiF加入盐酸溶液中并在300rpm转速下持续搅拌,即得LiF/HCl刻蚀剂。
(2)称取2g Ti 3AlC 2粉末缓慢加入到LiF/HCl刻蚀剂中,以300rpm转速在40°C下反应48 h,即得刻蚀完成后的悬浊液。
步骤2、将刻蚀完成后的悬浊液转移至离心管中,用去离子水对其反复进行洗涤和离心至中性,离心机转速为3500r/m,之后依次进行震荡和离心10次,收集上层MXene纳米片分散液,下层沉淀收集即MXene废弃沉淀。
步骤3、将步骤2收集的MXene废弃沉淀在50 °C下真空干燥12 h备用。
步骤4、将干燥后的MXene废弃沉淀放在坩埚中,放入管式炉中在N 2气氛下700 °C碳化4 h,即得基于MXene废弃沉淀制备的吸波材料。该材料结构如图1所示。
实施例2:
本实施例2将实施例1中基于MXene废弃沉淀制备的吸波材料按40wt.%填充量与石蜡混合,搅拌均匀后倒入模具中,压制成不同厚度的内径3mm外径7mm的空心圆环,使用Keysight PNA-E5227B矢量网络分析仪对其复介电常数和电磁波吸收性能进行测试。
测试结果分别如图2、图3所示,MXene废弃沉淀具有适当的复介电常数实部和虚部值。厚度为8mm时,反射损耗可达到-44.7dB。
实施例3:
本实施例2将实施例1中基于MXene废弃沉淀制备的吸波材料按50wt.%填充量与石蜡混合,搅拌均匀后倒入模具中,压制成不同厚度的内径3mm外径7mm的空心圆环,使用Keysight PNA-E5227B矢量网络分析仪对其复介电常数和电磁波吸收性能进行测试。
测试结果分别如图4、图5所示,MXene废弃沉淀具有适当的复介电常数实部和虚部值。厚度为4mm时,反射损耗可达到-43.8dB。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种基于MXene废弃沉淀制备的电磁波吸收材料,其特征在于所述电磁波吸收材料是通过以MAX相刻蚀制备MXene后剩余的MXene废弃沉淀为原材料,经过收集,干燥,碳化处理后得到的。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的一种基于MXene废弃沉淀制备的电磁波吸收材料,其特征在于所述碳化处理为:将干燥后的MXene废弃沉淀置于坩埚中,放入管式炉中在N 2气氛下400-1000 °C碳化1-5 h,得到电磁波吸收材料。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的基于MXene废弃沉淀制备的电磁波吸收材料的制备方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
    (1)将MAX相加入到刻蚀剂中进行刻蚀处理,得到MXene;
    (2)反复用去离子水洗涤并离心至中性后,经若干次的震荡和离心后,收集下层沉淀即MXene废弃沉淀;
    (3)对上述步骤(2)得到的MXene废弃沉淀进行干燥;
    (4)将上述步骤(3)干燥后的MXene废弃沉淀进行碳化处理,得到电磁波吸收材料。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于所述步骤(1)中MAX相包括Ti 3AlC 2、Ti 2AlC、Nb 2AlC中的一种或多种,优选Ti 3AlC 2,所述MXene为手风琴状。
  5. 如权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于所述步骤(1)中刻蚀剂包括HF或LiF/HCl复合溶剂中的一种,优选刻蚀剂为LiF/HCl复合溶剂。
  6. 如权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于所述步骤(1)中刻蚀处理的条件为:转速200-400rpm,温度35-50 °C,反应时间24-48 h。
  7. 如权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于所述步骤(2)中离心的转速均为1500-3500r/min。
  8. 如权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于所述步骤(3)中干燥包括真空干燥,所述真空干燥的条件为:干燥温度40-70 °C,干燥时间12-48 h。
  9. 如权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于所述步骤(4)中碳化处理的具体操作为:将干燥后的MXene废弃沉淀置于坩埚中,放入管式炉中在N 2气氛下400-1000 °C碳化1-5 h,得到电磁波吸收材料。
  10. 如权利要求1或2所述的基于MXene废弃沉淀制备的电磁波吸收材料在作为新型电磁波吸波材料中的应用。
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