WO2023062922A1 - ポリウレタン、ポリウレタンの製造方法、導電性ペースト組成物、導電配線および導電配線の製造方法 - Google Patents
ポリウレタン、ポリウレタンの製造方法、導電性ペースト組成物、導電配線および導電配線の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023062922A1 WO2023062922A1 PCT/JP2022/030244 JP2022030244W WO2023062922A1 WO 2023062922 A1 WO2023062922 A1 WO 2023062922A1 JP 2022030244 W JP2022030244 W JP 2022030244W WO 2023062922 A1 WO2023062922 A1 WO 2023062922A1
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- hydrocarbon group
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- polyurethane
- carbon atoms
- branched
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- IUBQJLUDMLPAGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)N([K])[Si](C)(C)C IUBQJLUDMLPAGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZMJJCODMIXQWCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium;di(propan-2-yl)azanide Chemical compound [K+].CC(C)[N-]C(C)C ZMJJCODMIXQWCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- RLEFZEWKMQQZOA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;octanoate Chemical compound [K+].CCCCCCCC([O-])=O RLEFZEWKMQQZOA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- WRIKHQLVHPKCJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)N([Na])[Si](C)(C)C WRIKHQLVHPKCJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000020 sulfo group Chemical group O=S(=O)([*])O[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 235000007586 terpenes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000004213 tert-butoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(O*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- LPSXSORODABQKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene Chemical compound C1C2CCC1C1C2CCC1 LPSXSORODABQKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- YRHRIQCWCFGUEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N thioxanthen-9-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 YRHRIQCWCFGUEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003606 tin compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- YJGJRYWNNHUESM-UHFFFAOYSA-J triacetyloxystannyl acetate Chemical compound [Sn+4].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O YJGJRYWNNHUESM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphite Chemical compound CCOP(OCC)OCC BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KAKQVSNHTBLJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoromethanesulfonimidic acid Chemical compound NS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F KAKQVSNHTBLJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000876 trifluoromethoxy group Chemical group FC(F)(F)O* 0.000 description 1
- WRECIMRULFAWHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl borate Chemical compound COB(OC)OC WRECIMRULFAWHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FTVLMFQEYACZNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F FTVLMFQEYACZNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006839 xylylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
- C08K2201/001—Conductive additives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
- C08K2201/002—Physical properties
- C08K2201/005—Additives being defined by their particle size in general
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K1/00—Printed circuits
- H05K1/02—Details
- H05K1/0277—Bendability or stretchability details
- H05K1/0283—Stretchable printed circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
- H05K2201/01—Dielectrics
- H05K2201/0104—Properties and characteristics in general
- H05K2201/0129—Thermoplastic polymer, e.g. auto-adhesive layer; Shaping of thermoplastic polymer
Definitions
- the present invention relates to polyurethane, a method for producing polyurethane, a conductive paste composition, a conductive wiring, and a method for producing a conductive wiring.
- Wearable devices that continuously measure biological information come in accessory types such as watches, glasses, and earphones, clothing types, and patch types that can be attached directly to the body.
- accessory types such as watches, glasses, and earphones, clothing types, and patch types that can be attached directly to the body.
- clothing-type and patch-type devices In order to stably measure accurate biological information, it is necessary to use it by fitting it to the body surface, and in particular, clothing-type and patch-type devices must have high flexibility to follow the body's movements, elasticity, and durability against repeated expansion and contraction. sexuality is required. Therefore, it is important to develop technologies and materials for imparting elasticity to wiring and sensors.
- the wearable device described in Patent Document 1 uses stretchable silver wiring in the form of a bellows covered with a stretchable urethane film. It is elastic and secures conductivity.
- Patent Document 2 a method of providing stretchability by knitting conductive yarn to form a knitted fabric
- Patent Document 3 a method of using a stretchable conductive composite yarn in which conductive fibers are wound around stretchable elastic fibers.
- the method of knitting conductive threads has a low degree of freedom in pattern shape, and there is a problem that the throughput is low compared to pattern formation by printing.
- the method of Patent Document 1 also has restrictions on the pattern shape, and it is difficult to design a compact wiring. is being actively developed.
- Galinstan made of gallium-indium-tin, stretchable wiring using liquid metal made of gallium-indium, stretchable wiring mixed with silver nanowire as a metal additive Patent Document 4
- fluororubber and surface activity A stretchable wiring that generates silver nanoparticles during annealing by combining an agent and a silver filler (Patent Document 5), and a stretchable wiring using silver flakes with an appropriate tap density and average particle size (Patent Document 6)
- elastic wiring using silver powder with appropriate particle size, particle size distribution and porosity Patent Document 7
- Patent No. 3923861 Patent No. 6657525 JP 2019-076214 A WO2017/217509 WO2018/110632 JP 2019-110093 A WO2018/235734
- the present invention has been made in order to solve the above problems, and provides a conductive paste composition for forming stretchable conductive wiring with little change in conductivity during stretching, and a polyurethane that provides the composition. intended to provide
- the present invention provides a polyurethane containing a phenolic hydroxyl group represented by the following general formula (1A).
- Such a polyurethane provides a conductive paste composition for forming a stretchable conductive wiring with little change in conductivity when stretched.
- the polyurethane preferably contains a phenolic hydroxyl group represented by the following general formula (1B).
- Az′ represents a linear, branched or cyclic (ka+2)-valent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 19 carbon atoms or a fluorinated hydrocarbon group, and the (ka+2)-valent hydrocarbon group
- a constituent —CH 2 — may be substituted with —O—, —NR 4 —, —C( ⁇ O)—, or —Si(R 2 R 3 )—
- ka is an integer of 0 to 2; kb, kc, kd, and ke are 1 or 2.
- R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 are the same as above, and broken lines indicate bonds.
- the polyurethane preferably further contains one or more weakly acidic functional groups represented by the following general formulas (1a) to (1c).
- R is a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, or a linear, branched or cyclic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, which may be fluorinated
- Rf is a fluorine atom or a C 1 to 10 linear, branched or cyclic fluorinated hydrocarbon groups
- n is an integer of 1 or 2
- the dashed line indicates a bond.
- the polyurethane preferably further contains one or more structures represented by the following general formulas (2a) to (2c).
- R 1 is a hydrogen atom or a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms
- a a is a single bond, or a linear, branched or cyclic divalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- R 4 is the same as above , and the dashed line indicates the bond.
- the present invention also provides the above-described method for producing a polyurethane, wherein the phenolic hydroxyl group is introduced into the polyurethane using an alcohol or amine represented by the following general formula (1C) after chain extension reaction.
- a manufacturing method is provided.
- Az represents a linear, branched or cyclic (ka+2)-valent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 19 carbon atoms or a fluorinated hydrocarbon group, and the (ka+2)-valent hydrocarbon group
- the constituent —CH 2 — may be substituted with —O—, —C( ⁇ O)—, or —Si(R 2 R 3 )—
- X represents an oxygen atom or NR 4
- ka 0 represents an integer of to 2.
- kb, kc, kd and ke represent 1 or 2.
- R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are the same as above.
- the above polyurethane can be easily synthesized.
- R 1 is a hydrogen atom or a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms
- a a is a single bond, or a linear, branched or cyclic divalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- R 4 is a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms n 1 , n 2 , n 4 is an integer from 0 to 10.
- the present invention also provides a conductive paste composition
- a conductive paste composition comprising (A) a conductive filler, (B) the polyurethane, and (C) a solvent.
- the conductive paste composition further contains (D) a phenol compound.
- the phenol compound as the component (D) contains a structure represented by the following general formula (2A).
- R 6 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, or a hydroxyl group
- Ay represents a linear, branched, or cyclic (ka+2)-valent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a fluorinated represents a hydrocarbon group, wherein —CH 2 — constituting the (ka+2) valent hydrocarbon group is substituted with —O—, —C( ⁇ O)—, or —Si(R 2 R 3 )—
- ka represents an integer of 0 to 2.
- kb and kd represent 1 or 2.
- kc and ke represent integers of 0 to 2.
- Z, Xf, ZZ, R 2 and R 3 are the same as above. is.
- the phenol compound of component (D) contains a structure represented by the following general formula (2B).
- Ay′ represents a linear, branched or cyclic (ka+2)-valent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 19 carbon atoms or a fluorinated hydrocarbon group, and the (ka+2)-valent hydrocarbon group
- the constituent —CH 2 — may be substituted with —O—, —C( ⁇ O)—, or —Si(R 2 R 3 )—
- ka is an integer of 0 to 2
- kb, kc , kd and ke represent 1 or 2.
- R 2 , R 3 and R 6 are the same as above.
- the conductive filler of component (A) is contained in a proportion exceeding 70 parts by mass with respect to a total of 100 parts by mass of components (A) and (B).
- the conductive filler of component (A) is gold, silver, silver chloride, platinum, copper, tin, iron, magnesium, titanium, nickel, palladium, aluminum, tungsten, molybdenum, ruthenium, chromium, Powders selected from indium, solder, carbon, or composites thereof are preferred.
- the conductive filler of component (A) is silver powder.
- Such conductive fillers are comprehensively suitable from the viewpoint of conductivity and price.
- the average particle size of the conductive filler of component (A) is 5 nm to 10 ⁇ m.
- the present invention also provides a conductive wiring formed on a substrate and made of a fired product of the conductive paste composition described above.
- the base material has elasticity.
- Such a base material is suitable for the conductive wiring of the present invention.
- the base material is preferably thermoplastic polyurethane.
- Such a base material is more suitable for the conductive wiring of the present invention.
- the electrical resistance when stretched by 20% is 500% or less of the electrical resistance before stretching.
- the maximum electrical resistance when repeatedly stretched 1000 times at an elongation rate of 20% is preferably 5000% or less of the electrical resistance before stretching.
- Such conductive wiring is suitable for conductive stability during repeated expansion and contraction.
- the present invention also provides a method for producing a conductive wiring, comprising forming a conductive wiring on a base material using the conductive paste composition described above, wherein the firing temperature for forming the conductive wiring is 60 to 160. °C, a method for manufacturing a conductive wire.
- conductive wiring can be formed on the base material by printing the conductive paste composition.
- the conductive paste composition containing the polyurethane of the present invention there is little change in conductivity during expansion and contraction, and electrical signals can be efficiently transmitted to the device (i.e., excellent conductivity).
- the device i.e., excellent conductivity
- it since it has excellent conductive stability in repeated expansion and contraction, it is possible to form a conductive wiring suitable for wearable devices in which distortion occurs due to the movement of the human body.
- conductive wiring using a conductive paste in which a metal filler is mixed with resin contains an insulating component, so it has a higher electrical resistance than metal wiring. Deterioration is unavoidable, and in some cases disconnection may occur. There is also concern about the possibility that changes in conductivity due to expansion and contraction may affect the operation of the device. Therefore, there has been a demand for the development of a conductive material composition that has higher conductivity and less change in conductivity during expansion and contraction.
- the present invention is a polyurethane characterized by containing a phenolic hydroxyl group represented by the following general formula (1A).
- the polyurethane of the present invention contains phenolic hydroxyl groups represented by the following general formula (1A).
- linear, branched or cyclic (ka+2)-valent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms for Az include the following. (In the formula, broken lines indicate bonds.)
- linear, branched or cyclic (ka+2)-valent fluorinated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms for Az specifically, some or all of the hydrogen atoms in the above hydrocarbon group are Those substituted with a fluorine atom can be exemplified.
- linear, branched or cyclic alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms for R 2 and R 3 include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl and sec-butyl. group, tert-butyl group, n-pentyl group, n-hexyl group, cyclopropyl group, cyclobutyl group, cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group and the like.
- linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms for R 4 include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group and an isopropyl group.
- Z represents a single bond or an oxygen atom, preferably an oxygen atom.
- halogen atom of Xf include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and the like.
- linear, branched or cyclic monovalent hydrocarbon groups of Xf which may be substituted with fluorine atoms having 1 to 10 carbon atoms include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group and n-butyl. group, sec-butyl group, tert-butyl group, cyclopropyl group, alkyl group such as cyclobutyl group, trifluoromethyl group, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl group and the like.
- alkoxy group of Xf having 1 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a fluorine atom include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, an isopropoxy group, an n-butoxy group, a sec-butoxy group and a tert-butoxy group. , cyclopropoxy group, trifluoromethoxy group, 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy group and the like.
- aromatic monocyclic or polycyclic ring ZZ having 5 to 20 carbon atoms include the following. Ring ZZ may further have a substituent as described below.
- ka represents an integer of 0-2
- kb and kd represent 1 or 2
- kc and ke represent integers of 0-2.
- polyurethanes containing phenolic hydroxyl groups represented by (1A) include polyurethanes obtained by reacting the following polyisocyanates, high-molecular-weight polyols, and chain extenders.
- the polyisocyanate, high molecular weight polyol, and chain extender may be used alone, or two or more of them may be used in combination.
- polyisocyanates examples include ethylene diisocyanate, trimethylene diisocyanate, tetramethylene diisocyanate, pentamethylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), octamethylene diisocyanate, nonamethylene diisocyanate, 2-methylpentane-1,5-diisocyanate, 3-methylpentane- 1,5-diisocyanate, 2,2′-dimethylpentane diisocyanate, 2,2,4-trimethylhexane diisocyanate, decamethylene diisocyanate, butene diisocyanate, 1,3-butadiene-1,4-diisocyanate, 2,4,4- trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, 1,6,11-undecamethylene triisocyanate, 1,3,6-hexamethylene triisocyanate, 1,8-diisocyanato-4-isocyanatomethyloctane, 2,5,7-
- High-molecular-weight polyols include polyoxypropylene glycols, polyoxyethylene glycols, polyoxytetramethylene glycols, and their copolymers such as polyether polyols, polyester polyols, polyester-amide polyols, polycarbonate polyols, acrylic Examples include polyols, hydroxyl-terminated polyolefins, silicone polyols, and vegetable oil-based polyols.
- polyoxypropylene glycols and polyoxyethylene glycols include ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4 -butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,7-heptanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, neopentyl glycol, 3-methyl-1, 5-pentanediol, 3,3-dimethylolheptane, 2,2,2-trimethylpentanediol, 1,4-dihydroxy-2-butene, 2,6-dimethyl-1-octene-3,8-diol, diethylene glycol , triethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, cyclohexane-1,3-diol
- the alkylene oxide which is a constituent component of the polyester polyol, can be used alone or in combination of two or more types, and the polyoxyalkylene polyol in which two or more types are used in combination may be either a block type or a random type structure. good.
- polyoxytetramethylene glycol examples include crystalline polyoxytetramethylene glycol, alkyl-substituted tetrahydrofuran such as 3-methyltetrahydrofuran with THF, and amorphous polyoxytetramethylene obtained by copolymerizing the above dihydric alcohol. Glycol and the like can be mentioned.
- Polyester polyols include the aforementioned low molecular weight polyols and oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, glutaconic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, 1,1-dimethyl-1,3 -dicarboxypropane, 3-methyl-3-ethylglutaric acid, 1,4-cyclohexyldicarboxylic acid, hexahydrophthalic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, muconic acid, ⁇ -hydromuconic acid, ⁇ -hydromucone Acids, phthalic acid, orthophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, toluenedicarboxylic acid, naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, het acid, dimer acid, hydrogenated dimer acid and other polyvalent carboxylic acids, their derivatives, acid anhydrides,
- the low-molecular-weight polyol, polycarboxylic acid, oligomeric acid, lactone, or lactide, which are the constituent components of the polyester polyol, may be used alone, or two or more of them may be used in combination.
- polyester-amide polyols include polymer condensates obtained by replacing part of the low-molecular-weight polyols of polyester polyols with the aforementioned low-molecular-weight polyamines or aminoalcohols.
- polycarbonate polyols include the aforementioned low molecular weight polyols and dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, diphenyl carbonate, dinaphthyl carbonate, dianthryl carbonate, diphenanthryl carbonate, diindanyl carbonate, tetrahydronaphthyl Examples include polycondensates with carbonate compounds such as carbonates.
- the low-molecular-weight polyols or carbonate compounds, which are components of the polycarbonate polyol, may be used alone, or two or more of them may be used in combination.
- acrylic polyols include 2-hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate, hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylate, hydroxybutyl (meth)acrylate, 3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylpropyl acrylate, 2,2-dihydroxymethylbutyl ( Hydroxy group-containing (meth)acrylates such as meth)acrylate, pentaerythritol tri(meth)acrylate, polyhydroxyalkyl maleate, and polyhydroxyalkyl fumarate, and methyl (meth)acrylate, ethyl (meth)acrylate, propyl (meth)acrylate , isopropyl (meth) acrylate, butyl (meth) acrylate, isobutyl (meth) acrylate, s-butyl (meth) acrylate, t-butyl (meth) acrylate, pentyl (meth) acrylate, isopentyl (meth) acrylate, hexyl (meth)
- hydroxyl-terminated polyolefins include ethylene, propylene, butadiene, isoprene, styrene, acrylonitrile, vinyl ether, vinyl acetate, and one or more of olefins in which a portion of their structure is substituted with halogen such as fluorine, chlorine, or bromine.
- halogen such as fluorine, chlorine, or bromine.
- silicone polyols include vinyl group-containing silicone compounds obtained by polymerizing ⁇ -methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane and the like, ⁇ , ⁇ -dihydroxypolydimethylsiloxanes having at least one terminal hydroxyl group in the molecule, ⁇ , Polysiloxanes such as ⁇ -dihydroxypolydiphenylsiloxane are included.
- vegetable oil-based polyols include hydroxyl group-containing vegetable oils such as castor oil and coconut oil, ester-modified castor oil polyols obtained by reacting castor oil fatty acids with polyols, dehydrated castor oils, partially dehydrated castor oils, and hydrogenated castor oils. castor oil and the like.
- chain extenders include ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,7-heptanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, neopentyl glycol, 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol, 3,3-dimethylol Heptane, 2,2,2-trimethylpentanediol, 1,4-dihydroxy-2-butene, 2,6-dimethyl-1-octene-3,8-diol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, cyclohexane- 1,3-diol, cyclohexane-1,4-dio
- polyurethanes containing phenolic hydroxyl groups represented by (1A) include polyurethanes obtained by reacting the above polyisocyanates, high-molecular-weight polyols, and chain extenders.
- polyurethanes obtained by reacting the above-mentioned polyisocyanates, high-molecular-weight polyols, chain extenders, and the following capping agents.
- polyurethanes examples include the following. (Wherein, la is an integer of 7 to 30, lb is 2 to 30, lc is 3 to 30, ld is 1 to 5, and le is an integer of 2 to 20.)
- phenolic hydroxyl group-containing polyurethane represented by the general formula (1A) it is particularly preferable to include a phenolic hydroxyl group represented by the following general formula (1B).
- Az′ represents a linear, branched or cyclic (ka+2)-valent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 19 carbon atoms or a fluorinated hydrocarbon group
- the (ka+2)-valent hydrocarbon group A constituent —CH 2 — may be substituted with —O—, —NR 4 —, —C( ⁇ O)—, or —Si(R 2 R 3 )—
- ka is an integer of 0 to 2
- kb, kc, kd, and ke are 1 or 2.
- R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 are the same as above, and broken lines indicate bonds.
- ka represents an integer from 0 to 2
- kb, kc, kd, and ke represent 1 or 2.
- partial structures represented by the general formulas (1A) and (1B) include the following. (Wherein, X represents an oxygen atom or NR4 , and the dashed line represents a bond. R4 is the same as above.)
- the above polyurethane further contains one or more weakly acidic functional groups represented by the following general formulas (1a) to (1c).
- R is a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, or a linear, branched or cyclic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, which may be fluorinated
- Rf is a fluorine atom or a C 1 to 10 linear, branched or cyclic fluorinated hydrocarbon groups
- n is an integer of 1 or 2
- the dashed line indicates a bond.
- R represents a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, or a linear, branched or cyclic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, which may be fluorinated, and specific examples thereof include a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, and a methyl group.
- ethyl group, propyl group isopropyl group, n-butyl group, sec-butyl group, tert-butyl group, cyclopropyl group, cyclobutyl group, cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group, difluoromethyl group, trifluoromethyl group, 2,2 , 2-trifluoroethyl group and the like.
- Rf represents a fluorine atom or a linear, branched or cyclic fluorinated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and specific examples include a fluorine atom, a difluoromethyl group, a trifluoromethyl group, 2, 2, A 2-trifluoroethyl group and the like are preferred.
- n is an integer of 1 or 2.
- weakly acidic functional group (1a) include the fluoroalcohol-containing groups shown below.
- R 7 and R 8 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a linear, branched or cyclic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and R 7 and R 8 are bonded to each other may form a non-aromatic ring having 3 to 8 carbon atoms together with the carbon atoms of the group.
- the dashed line indicates a bond.
- weakly acidic functional group (1b) include the cyclic fluoroalcohol-containing groups shown below.
- R 1 is a hydrogen atom or a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- the dashed line indicates a bond.
- weakly acidic functional group (1c) examples include the sulfonamide-containing groups shown below.
- the polyurethane of the present invention further contains one or more structures represented by the following general formulas (2a) to (2c).
- R 1 is a hydrogen atom or a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms
- a a is a single bond, or a linear, branched or cyclic divalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- R 4 is the same as above , and the dashed line indicates the bond.
- R 1 is a hydrogen atom or a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, preferably a hydrogen atom, a methyl group or an ethyl group.
- the above polyurethane can be obtained by reacting polyisocyanate with polyol, polyamine or polycarboxylic acid by a known method such as one-shot method or prepolymer method, preferably by prepolymer method.
- a polyurethane having a crosslinked structure can be obtained by adding a polyisocyanate having a reactive group number of 3 or more, or a polyol, polyamine or polycarboxylic acid having a reactive group number of 3 or more.
- At least one of the high molecular weight polyol, the chain extender and the capping agent in the above reactions (a) and (b) is a compound containing phenolic hydroxyl groups.
- a method of introducing a phenolic hydroxyl group as a capping agent after the chain extension reaction that is, after the chain extension reaction, using an alcohol or amine represented by the following general formula (1C) to polyurethane
- the method of introducing the phenolic hydroxyl group is more preferred.
- Az represents a linear, branched or cyclic (ka+2)-valent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 19 carbon atoms or a fluorinated hydrocarbon group, and the (ka+2)-valent hydrocarbon group
- the constituent —CH 2 — may be substituted with —O—, —C( ⁇ O)—, or —Si(R 2 R 3 )—
- X represents an oxygen atom or NR 4
- ka 0 represents an integer of to 2.
- kb, kc, kd and ke represent 1 or 2.
- R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are the same as above.
- X represents an oxygen atom or NR4 .
- ka represents an integer of 0 to 2
- kb, kc, kd, and ke represent 1 or 2.
- R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are the same as above.
- phenolic hydroxyl groups can react with isocyanate, when introducing phenolic hydroxyl groups into a high-molecular-weight polyol or a chain extender, it is preferable to protect them with an appropriate protective group before converting to polyurethane, followed by deprotection.
- the whole or part of at least one of the high-molecular-weight polyol, the chain extender, and the capping agent is substituted with a compound containing a weakly acidic functional group to Polyurethanes containing functional groups can be synthesized.
- polyisocyanate examples include ethylene diisocyanate, trimethylene diisocyanate, tetramethylene diisocyanate, pentamethylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), octamethylene diisocyanate, nonamethylene diisocyanate, 2-methylpentane-1,5- Diisocyanate, 3-methylpentane-1,5-diisocyanate, 2,2′-dimethylpentane diisocyanate, 2,2,4-trimethylhexane diisocyanate, decamethylene diisocyanate, butene diisocyanate, 1,3-butadiene-1,4-diisocyanate , 2,4,4-trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, 1,6,11-undecamethylene triisocyanate, 1,3,6-hexamethylene triisocyanate, 1,8-diisocyanate-4
- the above polyisocyanate may be used alone, or two or more of them may be used in combination.
- High molecular weight polyol A polyol having two or more hydroxyl groups capable of reacting with an isocyanate group and having a number average molecular weight of 500 to 5,000 can be used as the high molecular weight polyol which is a component of the polyurethane.
- examples thereof include polyether polyols, polyester polyols, polycarbonate polyols, acrylic polyols, hydroxyl-terminated polyolefins, silicone polyols, and vegetable oil-based polyols.
- polyether polyols examples include polyoxypropylene glycols, polyoxyethylene glycols, polyoxytetramethylene glycols, and copolymers thereof.
- Polyoxypropylene glycols and polyoxyethylene glycols are low-molecular-weight polyols, polyamines, and alkylene oxide addition polymers using aminoalcohols as initiators.
- Low molecular weight amino alcohols include monoethanolamine, dimethanolamine, triethanolamine, and low molecular weight polyamines include ethylenediamine, propylenediamine, butanediamine, pentamethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, isophoronediamine, piperazine, toluenediamine, metaphenylenediamine, diphenylmethanediamine, xylylenediamine, dimethylthiotoluenediamine, 4,4-methylenebis-o-chloroaniline and the like.
- the initiator may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- a polyether polyol containing a phenolic hydroxyl group or a weakly acidic functional group can be obtained by using the above-described low-molecular-weight polyol containing a phenolic hydroxyl group or a weakly acidic functional group. It is preferred that the phenolic hydroxyl group and the weakly acidic functional group are protected during the polymerization and then deprotected.
- Alkylene oxides include ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, and the like, and can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- polyoxyalkylene polyols in which two or more types are used in combination either block type or random type structure may be used.
- Polyoxytetramethylene glycol is a ring-opening polymer obtained by cationic polymerization of tetrahydrofuran (THF).
- Amorphous polyoxytetramethylene glycol obtained by copolymerizing alcohol and the like can be mentioned.
- polyester polyols include polymer condensates of the aforementioned low-molecular-weight polyols and polyvalent carboxylic acids or oligomeric acids, or ring-opening polymers of lactone or lactide using low-molecular-weight polyols as initiators.
- Polyvalent carboxylic acids include oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, glutaconic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, 1,1-dimethyl-1,3-dicarboxypropane, 3-methyl-3-ethylglutaric acid, 1,4-cyclohexyldicarboxylic acid, hexahydrophthalic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, muconic acid, ⁇ -hydromuconic acid, ⁇ -hydromuconic acid, phthalic acid, Examples include orthophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, toluene dicarboxylic acid, naphthalene dicarboxylic acid, het acid, dimer acid, and hydrogenated dimer acid, and their derivatives, acid anhydrides, acid halides, and the like can also be used.
- Lactones include ⁇ -propiolactone, ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone, ⁇ -caprolactone and the like, and lactides include L-lactide and D-lactide.
- the low-molecular-weight polyol, polycarboxylic acid, oligomeric acid, lactone, or lactide, which are the constituent components of the polyester polyol, may be used alone, or two or more of them may be used in combination.
- polyester-amide polyol obtained by replacing part of the low-molecular-weight polyol of the polyester polyol with the above-mentioned low-molecular-weight polyamine or aminoalcohol can also be used.
- polycarbonate polyols examples include polycondensates of the above-mentioned polyols and carbonate compounds.
- Carbonate compounds include dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, diphenyl carbonate, dinaphthyl carbonate, dianthryl carbonate, diphenanthryl carbonate, diindanyl carbonate, tetrahydronaphthyl carbonate, and the like.
- the low-molecular-weight polyols or carbonate compounds that are constituents of the polycarbonate polyol may be used alone, or two or more of them may be used in combination.
- acrylic polyols examples include copolymers obtained by copolymerizing hydroxyl group-containing (meth)acrylates and vinyl monomers.
- Hydroxy group-containing (meth)acrylates include 2-hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate, hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylate, hydroxybutyl (meth)acrylate, 3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylpropyl acrylate, 2,2-dihydroxy Methylbutyl (meth)acrylate, pentaerythritol tri(meth)acrylate, polyhydroxyalkyl maleate, polyhydroxyalkyl fumarate and the like.
- the above-mentioned hydroxy group-containing (meth)acrylates may be used alone, or two or more of them may be used in combination.
- Vinyl monomers include methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, propyl (meth) acrylate, isopropyl (meth) acrylate, butyl (meth) acrylate, isobutyl (meth) acrylate, s-butyl (meth) acrylate, t- Butyl (meth)acrylate, pentyl (meth)acrylate, isopentyl (meth)acrylate, hexyl (meth)acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth)acrylate, octyl (meth)acrylate, nonyl (meth)acrylate, isononyl (meth)acrylate, Decyl (meth)acrylate, Dodecyl (meth)acrylate, Cyclohexyl (meth)acrylate, Phenyl (meth)acrylate, Benzyl (meth)acrylate, Allyl (meth)acrylate
- hydroxyl-terminated polyolefins include compounds obtained by hydroxylating the terminals of one or more olefin polymers.
- olefins include ethylene, propylene, butadiene, isoprene, styrene, acrylonitrile, vinyl ether, and vinyl acetate, and a portion of the above structure may be substituted with halogen such as fluorine, chlorine, and bromine.
- silicone polyols examples include vinyl group-containing silicone compounds obtained by polymerizing ⁇ -methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane and the like, and ⁇ , ⁇ -dihydroxypolydimethylsiloxane, ⁇ , ⁇ -dihydroxy Examples include polysiloxanes such as polydiphenylsiloxane.
- vegetable oil-based polyols examples include hydroxyl group-containing vegetable oils such as castor oil and coconut oil, ester-modified castor oil polyols obtained by reacting castor oil fatty acids with polyols, dehydrated castor oil, partially dehydrated castor oil, hydrogenated castor oil, and the like. is mentioned.
- the number average molecular weight of the high molecular weight polyol is preferably in the range of 500 or more and 5,000 or less, more preferably 1,000 or more and 3,000 or less, and still more preferably 1,000 or more and 2,000 or less.
- the number-average molecular weight of the high-molecular-weight polyol By setting the number-average molecular weight of the high-molecular-weight polyol to be at least the lower limit, it is possible to suppress an excessive increase in the urethane group concentration in the polyurethane and the associated decrease in performance such as increase in hardness and decrease in stretchability.
- the number average molecular weight is equal to or less than the upper limit, excessive decrease in urethane group concentration can be suppressed, decrease in strength due to urethane bonds can be prevented, and appropriate strength and stretchability can be compatible.
- the high molecular weight polyol is preferably a bifunctional polyol or a trifunctional polyol, more preferably a bifunctional polyol.
- chain extender examples include ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,7-heptanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, neopentyl glycol, 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol, 3,3-dimethylol Heptane, 2,2,2-trimethylpentanediol, 1,4-dihydroxy-2-butene, 2,6-dimethyl-1-octene-3,8-diol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, cyclohexane- 1,3-diol, cyclohexan
- one or more alcohols represented by the following general formulas (3a) to (3c) can be used as chain extenders to introduce weakly acidic functional groups into the polyurethane.
- the chain extender the polyols described in (3a) to (3c) may be used alone, or may be used in combination with the chain extender described above.
- R 1 is a hydrogen atom or a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms
- a a is a single bond, or a linear, branched or cyclic divalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- R 4 is a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms n 1 , n 2 , n 4 is an integer from 0 to 10.
- R 1 is a hydrogen atom or a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, preferably a hydrogen atom, a methyl group or an ethyl group.
- Specific examples of the linear, branched or cyclic divalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms for A a are shown below.
- R 4 is a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1-4 carbon atoms, and n 1 , n 2 and n 4 are integers of 0-10.
- the chain extender having a weakly acidic functional group is preferably used in an amount of 5 to 50% by mass, more preferably 20 to 40% by mass, based on the total amount of the constituent components of the urethane.
- Cross-linking agent examples include trihydric alcohols such as glycerin, trimethylolpropane and triisopropanolamine, and polyhydric alcohols such as pentaerythritol, ⁇ -methylglucoside and diglycerin.
- the amount of the cross-linking agent added is preferably in the range of 0 to 5% by mass, more preferably 0 to 3% by mass, relative to the total amount of the constituent components of the urethane.
- the amount of the cross-linking agent added is below the upper limit, the strength will not be excessively increased, and the flexibility and stretchability will not be impaired, so it is suitable for use in the conductive paste composition containing the polyurethane of the present invention. Become.
- Organic solvent Polyurethanes are synthesized by bulk or solution polymerization.
- organic solvents used for solution polymerization include toluene, xylene, cumene, 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, styrene, and ⁇ -methylstyrene.
- the amount of the organic solvent added is preferably in the range of 20 parts by mass or more and 500 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the polyurethane constituents (polyisocyanate, high molecular weight polyol, chain extender, cross-linking agent). , more preferably 25 parts by mass or more and 100 parts by mass or less.
- the organic solvent may be removed by vacuum distillation or crystallization after the polymerization reaction, or the polyurethane solution may be applied to the conductive paste composition without being removed.
- the urethanization catalyst can be appropriately selected from known catalysts and used, including amine-based catalysts, ammonium salt-based catalysts, potassium salt-based catalysts, organometallic catalysts, and the like.
- amine catalysts include triethylamine, N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine, triethylenediamine, 2-methyltriethylenediamine, N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine, N,N,N',N' -tetramethylpropylenediamine, N,N,N',N'',N'-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, N,N,N',N'',N'-pentamethyl-(3-aminopropyl)ethylenediamine, N,N, N',N'',N''-pentamethyldipropylenetriamine, N,N,N',N'-tetramethylhexamethylenediamine, bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl)ether, dimethylethanolamine, dimethylisopropanolamine, dimethyl aminoethoxyethanol, N,N-dimethylhexanolamine, N,N-dimethyl-N
- ammonium salt catalysts include quaternary ammonium salts such as tetraethylhydroxylammonium, 1,8-diazabicyclo(5,4,0)-undecene-7 or 1,5-diazabicyclo(4,3,0)- Ammonium salts of nonene-5 and octylic acid, oleic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, formic acid, phenolic acid, orthophthalic acid, acetic acid, maleic acid or boric acid, and the like.
- potassium salt-based catalysts examples include potassium carbonate, potassium acetate, and potassium octylate.
- organometallic catalysts examples include tin acetate, tin octoate (tin 2-ethylhexanoate), tin oleate, tin laurate, dibutyltin diacetate, dimethyltin dilaurate, dibutyltin dilaurate, dibutyltin dimercaptide, and dibutyltin.
- Organic tin compounds such as maleate, dibutyltin dilaurate, dibutyltin dineodecanoate, dioctyltin dimercaptide, dioctyltin dilaurate, dibutyltin dichloride; organic lead compounds such as lead octanoate and lead naphthenate; organic compounds such as nickel naphthenate; Examples thereof include nickel compounds such as organic cobalt compounds such as cobalt naphthenate, organic copper compounds such as copper octenoate, and organic bismuth compounds such as bismuth octylate and bismuth neodecanoate.
- the polyurethane of the present invention contains a weakly acidic functional group, it may inhibit the activity of a basic catalyst, so it is preferable to use an organometallic catalyst, more preferably an organic bismuth compound.
- urethanization catalysts can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the amount of the urethanization catalyst used is preferably in the range of 0 to 5 parts by mass, and in the range of 0.1 to 2 parts by mass with respect to the total amount of 100 parts by mass of the polyurethane constituents. It is more preferred to be used in
- a functional group derived from the capping agent can be introduced into the terminal of the polyurethane by adding a terminal capping agent after polymerization with excess isocyanate groups.
- a urethane acrylate can be synthesized by using the following hydroxy(meth)acrylate as a polyurethane terminal capping agent. (Wherein, R5 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, Et is an ethyl group, and Ph is a phenyl group. R1 is the same as above.)
- R5 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- Urethane acrylate is polymerized by irradiating heat or active energy rays such as ultraviolet rays, visible light, laser light, electron beams, X-rays, ⁇ -rays, plasma, and microwaves together with reactive monomers and polymerization initiators as necessary. - It can be cured to form a cured product.
- active energy rays such as ultraviolet rays, visible light, laser light, electron beams, X-rays, ⁇ -rays, plasma, and microwaves together with reactive monomers and polymerization initiators as necessary.
- active energy rays such as ultraviolet rays, visible light, laser light, electron beams, X-rays, ⁇ -rays, plasma, and microwaves together with reactive monomers and polymerization initiators as necessary.
- active energy rays such as ultraviolet rays, visible light, laser light, electron beams, X-rays, ⁇ -rays, plasma, and microwaves together with reactive monomers and polymerization initiators as necessary.
- Examples of the reactive monomer include methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, isopropyl (meth) acrylate, n-butyl (meth) acrylate, t-butyl (meth) acrylate, isobutyl (meth) acrylate, isoamyl Alkyl (meth)acrylates such as (meth)acrylate, lauryl (meth)acrylate, dodecyl (meth)acrylate, stearyl acrylate, cyclohexyl (meth)acrylate, isobornyl (meth)acrylate, adamantyl (meth)acrylate, phenoxymethyl (meth)acrylate Acrylates, aryloxyalkyl (meth)acrylates such as phenoxyethyl (meth)acrylate, benzyl (meth)acrylate, (meth)acrylic acid aralkyl esters such as phenethyl (me
- polymerization initiator examples include acetophenone, 2,2-diethoxyacetophenone, p-dimethylaminoacetophenone, benzophenone, 2-chlorobenzophenone, 4,4′-bisdiethylaminobenzophenone, benzoin ethyl ether, and benzoin-n-propyl ether.
- the phenolic hydroxyl group can be introduced into the polyurethane using an alcohol or amine represented by the following general formula (1C).
- Az represents a linear, branched or cyclic (ka+2)-valent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 19 carbon atoms or a fluorinated hydrocarbon group, and the (ka+2)-valent hydrocarbon group
- the constituent —CH 2 — may be substituted with —O—, —C( ⁇ O)—, or —Si(R 2 R 3 )—
- X represents an oxygen atom or NR 4
- ka 0 represents an integer of to 2.
- kb, kc, kd and ke represent 1 or 2.
- R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are the same as above.
- X represents an oxygen atom or NR4 .
- ka represents an integer from 0 to 2
- kb, kc, kd, and ke represent 1 or 2.
- R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are the same as above.
- linear, branched or cyclic (ka+2)-valent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 19 carbon atoms in Az′′ are shown below. (In the formula, broken lines indicate bonds.)
- the capping agent having a phenolic hydroxyl group is preferably used in an amount of 1 to 20% by mass, more preferably 1 to 5% by mass, based on the total amount of the constituent components of the urethane.
- the reaction temperature during polyurethane synthesis is appropriately changed depending on the type of reaction substrate, but is usually preferably 30 to 200°C, more preferably 40 to 120°C.
- the weight average molecular weight of polyurethane is preferably 10,000 to 500,000, more preferably 15,000 to 200,000. More preferably 20,000 to 150,000.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) is measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) in terms of polystyrene.
- the polyurethane according to this aspect may further contain antioxidants, antifoaming agents, ultraviolet absorbers, etc. as additives, if necessary.
- the conductive paste composition of the present invention contains (A) a conductive filler, (B) the polyurethane containing a phenolic hydroxyl group of the present invention, and (C) a solvent, and further contains (D) a phenol compound. It is preferable that the Each component will be described in more detail below.
- Gold, silver, and platinum are preferable from the viewpoint of conductivity, and silver, copper, tin, iron, titanium, nickel, aluminum, tungsten, molybdenum, ruthenium, chromium, and stainless steel are preferable from the viewpoint of price. ) is most preferred.
- the shape of the particles of the conductive filler includes spherical, granular, angular, dendritic, flake-like, needle-like, amorphous, etc., and multiple types of fillers can be used in combination.
- the average particle size of the conductive filler is not particularly limited, it is preferably 5 nm to 10 ⁇ m.
- the method for measuring the average particle size is not particularly limited, it can be measured using, for example, a laser diffraction particle size distribution device.
- the amount of the conductive filler added is preferably more than 70 parts by mass with respect to the total 100 parts by mass of (A) the conductive filler and (B) the polyurethane containing a phenolic hydroxyl group. , more preferably 80 parts by mass or more and 90 parts by mass or less.
- Polyurethanes containing phenolic hydroxyl groups include those described above.
- a single type of polyurethane containing phenolic hydroxyl groups may be used alone, or a plurality of types may be mixed and used. Further, part of the polyurethane containing phenolic hydroxyl groups may be replaced with polyurethane containing no phenolic hydroxyl groups.
- the content of polyurethane containing no phenolic hydroxyl group is preferably 0 to 30% by mass based on the total amount of polyurethane containing phenolic hydroxyl group and polyurethane containing no phenolic hydroxyl group.
- the polyurethane containing phenolic hydroxyl groups preferably further contains the weakly acidic functional groups described above.
- the conductive paste composition of the present invention has a silver salt formed by the phenolic hydroxyl groups or weakly acidic functional groups in the polyurethane and the oxide film of the silver powder. It is presumed that silver nanoparticles are generated by thermal reduction of the silver salt. At this time, in the case of a functional group that exhibits strong acidity, the silver salt formed is stable, so reduction by heat is difficult to proceed, and in the case of weak acid, silver nanoparticles are not generated because it is difficult to form a silver salt. It is thought that it will become difficult. Therefore, by using a polyurethane containing functional groups with moderate acidity, silver salts can be formed and reduced even when fired at relatively low temperatures, making it easier to generate silver nanoparticles. I think that the.
- (C) Solvent (C) Component is a solvent. By containing the component (C), the viscosity of the conductive paste composition becomes suitable, and the workability is improved.
- solvents for component (C) include toluene, xylene, cumene, 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, styrene, ⁇ Methylstyrene, butylbenzene, sec-butylbenzene, isobutylbenzene, cymene, diethylbenzene, 2-ethyl-p-xylene, 2-propyltoluene, 3-propyltoluene, 4-propyltoluene, 1,2,3,5-tetra methyltoluene, 1,2,4,5-tetramethyltoluene, tetrahydronaphthalene, 4-phenyl-1-butene, tert-amylbenzene, amylbenzene, 2-tert-butyltoluene, 3-tert-butyltoluene, 4- tertt-
- Aromatic hydrocarbon solvents n-heptane, isoheptane, 3-methylhexane, 2,3-dimethylpentane, 3-ethylpentane, 1,6-heptadiene, 5-methyl-1-hexyne, norbornane, norbornene, di cyclopentadiene, 1-methyl-1,4-cyclohexadiene, 1-heptyne, 2-heptyne, cycloheptane, cycloheptene, 1,3-dimethylcyclopentane, ethylcyclopentane, methylcyclohexane, 1-methyl-1-cyclohexene, 3-methyl-1-cyclohexene, methylenecyclohexane, 4-methyl-1-cyclohexene, 2-methyl-1-hexene, 2-methyl-2-hexene, 1-heptene, 2-heptene, 3-heptene, n-octane , 2,2-
- Diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, and diethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate are particularly preferred because the solvent does not volatilize easily during printing and gives a viscosity suitable for printing.
- the amount of solvent (organic solvent) to be added is preferably in the range of 100 to 1,000 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of polyurethane (B).
- R 6 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, or a hydroxyl group
- Ay represents a linear, branched, or cyclic (ka+2)-valent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a fluorinated represents a hydrocarbon group, wherein —CH 2 — constituting the (ka+2) valent hydrocarbon group is substituted with —O—, —C( ⁇ O)—, or —Si(R 2 R 3 )—;
- ka represents an integer of 0 to 2.
- kb and kd represent 1 or 2.
- kc and ke represent integers of 0 to 2.
- Z, Xf, ZZ, R 2 and R 3 are the same as above. is.
- R6 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, or a hydroxyl group.
- Specific examples of the linear, branched or cyclic (ka+2)-valent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms in Ay include the following. (In the formula, broken lines indicate bonds.)
- linear, branched or cyclic (ka+2)-valent fluorinated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms for Ay specifically, some or all of the hydrogen atoms in the above hydrocarbon group are Those substituted with a fluorine atom can be exemplified.
- ka represents an integer of 0-2
- kb and kd represent 1 or 2
- kc and ke represent integers of 0-2.
- a phenol compound represented by the following general formula (2B) is particularly preferable as the phenol compound represented by the above general formula (2A).
- Ay′ represents a linear, branched or cyclic (ka+2)-valent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 19 carbon atoms or a fluorinated hydrocarbon group, and the (ka+2)-valent hydrocarbon group
- the constituent —CH 2 — may be substituted with —O—, —C( ⁇ O)—, or —Si(R 2 R 3 )—
- ka is an integer of 0 to 2
- kb, kc , kd and ke represent 1 or 2.
- R 2 , R 3 and R 6 are the same as above.
- ka represents an integer from 0 to 2
- kb, kc, kd, and ke represent 1 or 2.
- R 2 , R 3 and R 6 are the same as above.
- the method for synthesizing the phenol compounds represented by the general formulas (2A) and (2B) is not particularly limited, and an optimum method can be selected and synthesized according to the structure.
- R 1 , Ay′, ka, kc and ke are as defined above.
- Rp represents an acid labile group.
- XA represents a halogen atom.
- Step i) is a step of protecting the halogenated phenol compound (2Bb) to lead to the intermediate halogenated aryl compound (2Bd).
- step i) proceeds easily under known conditions.
- a tertiary alkyl group such as an ethyladamantyl group
- a halogenated phenol compound (2Bb) and an olefin corresponding to Rp such as isobutene or isoamylene are reacted in the presence of an acid catalyst in the presence of no solvent or in a solvent such as toluene or hexane. It is preferable to carry out the reaction at a temperature of -20 to 50°C.
- Examples of the acid catalyst used include inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid and perchloric acid, and organic acids such as methanesulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid and benzenesulfonic acid.
- inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid and perchloric acid
- organic acids such as methanesulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid and benzenesulfonic acid.
- Step ii) is a step leading to an intermediate halogenated aryl compound (2Bd) through a nucleophilic substitution reaction of the fluorobenzene compound (2Bc).
- step ii) proceeds easily under known conditions.
- a fluorobenzene compound (2Bc) and an alcohol corresponding to Rp such as t-butyl alcohol or t-amyl alcohol
- the corresponding alkoxide such as t-butoxypotassium is preferably reacted at a reaction temperature of 10 to 80°C in the presence of a base.
- Examples of the base to be used include metal hydrides such as borane, alkylborane, sodium hydride, lithium hydride, potassium hydride, and calcium hydride, trityllithium, tritylsodium, tritylpotassium, methyllithium, phenyllithium, n- Alkyl metal compounds such as butyllithium, sec-butyllithium, tert-butyllithium and ethylmagnesium bromide; alkoxides such as sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, lithium methoxide, lithium ethoxide, lithium tert-butoxide and potassium tert-butoxide; can be mentioned.
- metal hydrides such as borane, alkylborane, sodium hydride, lithium hydride, potassium hydride, and calcium hydride
- trityllithium tritylsodium, tritylpotassium
- Step iii) is a step of oxidizing the aryl halide compound (2Bd) to lead to the intermediate phenol compound (2Be).
- reaction formula proceeds easily by a known method, for example, the method of the following reaction formula can be exemplified.
- Rp, ke and XA are as described above.
- MA represents Li, MgCl, MgBr, MgI.
- R r represents a linear, branched or cyclic monovalent carbonized carbon having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. indicates a hydrogen group.
- an organometallic reagent (2Bg) is prepared from an aryl halide compound (2Bd) and Li or Mg in a solvent such as tetrahydrofuran or diethyl ether.
- a reaction with a boric acid ester compound (2J) leads to an aryl boronic acid derivative (2Bh), and finally an intermediate reaction is performed using an oxidizing agent such as hydrogen peroxide, performic acid, peracetic acid, m-chloroperbenzoic acid, and the like.
- an oxidizing agent such as hydrogen peroxide, performic acid, peracetic acid, m-chloroperbenzoic acid, and the like.
- a polyphenolic compound (2Be) is obtained. In this step, the reaction can usually proceed in one pot without going through a purification step.
- Step iv) is a step leading to an aryl ether compound (2Bf) by etherification of the intermediate phenol compound (2Be).
- reaction formula proceeds easily by a known method, for example, the method of the following reaction formula can be exemplified.
- Rp, ka, ke and Ay' are as described above.
- T 1 each independently represents a hydroxyl group, a halogen atom, an alkanesulfonyloxy group, or an arenesulfonyloxy group.
- a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom can be exemplified as the halogen atom for T 1 .
- Examples of the alkanesulfonyloxy group and arenesulfonyloxy group for T 1 include methanesulfonyloxy, trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy, benzenesulfonyloxy and p-toluenesulfonyloxy groups.
- Examples of the base used include alkoxides such as sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, lithium methoxide, lithium ethoxide, lithium tert-butoxide, potassium tert-butoxide, pyridine, triethylamine, N,N-dimethylaniline, Organic amines such as 4-dimethylaminopyridine, inorganic hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, barium hydroxide, tetra-n-butylammonium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, Inorganic carbonates such as lithium carbonate and potassium carbonate, alkoxides such as sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, lithium methoxide, lithium ethoxide, lithium tert-butoxide and potassium tert-butoxide, borane, alkylborane, sodium hydride, metal hydrides such as lithium hydride, potassium hydride, calcium hydride, t
- Water or ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, di-n-butyl ether, and 1,4-dioxane as a solvent, hydrocarbons such as n-hexane, n-heptane, benzene, toluene, xylene, and cumene, methanol, ethanol, Alcohols such as isopropyl alcohol and tert-butyl alcohol, aprotic polar solvents such as dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), chlorinated organic solvents such as methylene chloride, chloroform and carbon tetrachloride can be selected depending on the reaction conditions and used alone or in combination. The above bases themselves may be used as solvents.
- DMSO dimethylsulfoxide
- DMF N,N-dimethylformamide
- chlorinated organic solvents such as methylene chloride, chloroform and carbon tetrachlor
- the reaction temperature and time vary depending on the reagents and conditions.
- the reaction temperature is room temperature to 120°C, preferably 30°C to 90°C. is preferred for the completeness of the reaction.
- it is desirable to complete the reaction by following the reaction by gas chromatography (GC) or silica gel thin layer chromatography (TLC), but the reaction time is usually about 1 to 60 hours.
- GC gas chromatography
- TLC silica gel thin layer chromatography
- the aryl ether compound (2Bf) can be obtained from the reaction mixture by a normal aqueous work-up, and if necessary, can be purified by conventional methods such as distillation and chromatography.
- Step v) is a step leading to the phenol compound of the present invention by deprotection reaction of the aryl ether compound (2Bf).
- Solvents include, for example, hydrocarbons such as toluene, xylene, hexane and heptane; chlorinated solvents such as methylene chloride, chloroform and dichloroethane; ethers such as diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran and dibutyl ether; ketones; esters such as ethyl acetate and butyl acetate; nitriles such as acetonitrile; alcohols such as methanol and ethanol; aprotic polar solvents such as N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide and dimethylsulfoxide it can be selected from water and used alone or in combination of two or more; Alternatively, the reaction can be carried out without a solvent.
- hydrocarbons such as toluene, xylene, hexane and heptane
- chlorinated solvents such as methylene chloride, chloroform and dichlor
- acids include inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid and perchloric acid; organic acids such as methanesulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid and benzenesulfonic acid; boron trifluoride; trimethylsilyl triflate. , aluminum chloride, magnesium chloride, iron chloride, zinc chloride, and titanium chloride.
- the amount of acid used is preferably 0.001 to 5 mol, particularly 0.01 to 0.5 mol, per 1 mol of the aryl ether compound (2Bf).
- reaction rate does not slow down, so there is no disadvantage in terms of cost due to an increase in reaction time. does not decrease.
- a base such as ammonia, triethylamine, pyridine, lutidine, collidine, N,N-dimethylaniline and other amines may also be added to reduce acidity.
- an appropriate reaction temperature can be selected depending on the reaction conditions.
- the reaction time is preferably determined by tracking the progress of the reaction by thin layer chromatography, gas chromatography or the like in order to improve the yield, but it is usually about 2 hours to 1 day.
- the reaction can be carried out by diluting the aryl ether compound (2Bf) with a solvent, adding an acid, and heating and stirring.
- the phenol compound of the present invention can be obtained by ordinary aqueous work-up, and if necessary, can be purified by ordinary methods such as distillation, recrystallization and chromatography.
- the above phenol compound has the same effect as the phenolic hydroxyl group and weakly acidic functional group in the polyurethane of the present invention. That is, when the conductive filler is metal particles or alloy particles, particularly silver powder, a silver salt is formed by the phenolic hydroxyl group of the phenolic compound and the oxide film of the silver powder, and the silver salt is reduced by heat. It is presumed to produce silver nanoparticles.
- phenolic compounds with an electron-withdrawing group on the aromatic ring have improved acidity compared to non-functional phenols, making it easier to form silver salts, making it easier to generate silver nanoparticles even at low temperatures. Seem.
- the phenol compound is the phenol compound of the above general formula (2B), it has a fluorine atom on the aromatic ring, and the nucleophilic substitution reaction proceeds with the silver salt. It is presumed that silver nanoparticles are also generated by reduction of silver by heat or the like.
- the present invention provides a conductive wiring formed on a substrate and made of a fired product of the conductive paste composition. If the substrate has stretchability, it provides a stretchable conductive trace.
- the conductive wiring of the present invention will be described below, the present invention is not limited to these.
- Examples of base materials for forming conductive wiring include polyurethane, polyester, silicone, nitrile rubber, butadiene rubber, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyolefin, PTFE, and PFA.
- the substrate preferably has stretchability, more preferably a sheet or film having stretchability, more preferably a stretchable polyurethane substrate, and particularly preferably a thermoplastic polyurethane substrate.
- the surface of the sheet may be flat or uneven. If the substrate has unevenness, it is possible to form an expandable wiring having a bellows structure in a direction perpendicular to the substrate, and it is possible to suppress a change in conductivity during expansion and contraction. It is also possible to use a non-woven fabric or a cloth made of stretchable fibers.
- the stretchable base material preferably has a maximum stretchability of 1000%. It is said that the degree of elongation of the skin with respect to human movement is 10% on bones such as the chest, 20% on the abdomen, and 50% on joints. Different elasticity.
- a conductive wiring is formed using the conductive paste composition of the present invention on a stretchable base material.
- the method of applying the conductive wiring on the stretchable substrate is not particularly limited, but for example, dip coating, spray coating, spin coating, roll coating, flow coating, doctor coating, screen printing, flexographic printing, gravure printing, inkjet printing, etc. is preferred.
- productivity can be improved, and a free design including wiring width becomes possible.
- the film thickness of the conductive wiring is preferably in the range of 10 nm to 1000 ⁇ m. More preferably, it is 5 to 50 ⁇ m.
- the conductive paste composition is applied by printing onto the stretchable base material, and then fired. That is, the conductive wiring is formed on the substrate by printing the conductive paste composition.
- the firing temperature for forming the conductive wiring is 60 to 160° C., preferably 120 to 150° C., and the time is 1 second to 10 hours, preferably 10 minutes to 5 hours. Baking can be carried out in a hot plate or oven, but flash annealing can be carried out at a temperature higher than the above temperature for a short period of time, and it is also possible to carry out baking by irradiation with infrared light.
- Conductivity can be evaluated by forming elastic conductive wiring on a base material and measuring the electrical resistance between both ends of the wiring. It can be said that the smaller the change in electrical resistance before and during stretching the base material, and the smaller the deterioration in conductivity when the stretched base material is shrunk and restored, the better the stretchable conductive wiring. . Moreover, it is preferable that the wire does not break when it is repeatedly stretched and the change in electrical resistance is small.
- the electrical resistance at 20% elongation is preferably 500% or less of the electrical resistance before elongation, and the lower limit is not particularly limited.
- the maximum electrical resistance when repeatedly stretched 1000 times at an elongation rate of 20% is preferably 5000% or less of the electrical resistance before stretching, and the lower limit is not particularly limited.
- can be The electrical resistance can be determined by the measuring method described later.
- a cover film can be provided to cover the conductive wiring.
- the cover film can be selected from polyurethane, urethane acrylate, polyester, silicone, nitrile rubber, butadiene rubber, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyolefin, PTFE, PFA, etc., like the base material.
- the film thickness of the cover film is preferably in the range of 10 nm to 1 mm.
- the silver nanoparticles generated during the firing process of the wiring are dispersed in the insulating polymer between the silver powders. It exhibits high conductivity.
- the silver nanoparticles dispersed between the silver powders make it difficult for the conductive path to be cut, so disconnection is less likely to occur and the change in conductivity is reduced. .
- a polyurethane containing phenolic hydroxyl groups was synthesized as follows. [1] Synthesis of capping agent containing phenolic hydroxyl group [Synthesis Example 1-1] Synthesis of capping agent 1
- IR (D-ATR): ⁇ 3483, 3189, 2919, 2852, 1605, 1521, 1477, 1468, 1449, 1395, 1313, 1275, 1263, 1243, 1205, 1163, 1113, 1046, 1032, 1008, 955 , 864, 840, 799, 788 cm ⁇ 1 .
- 1 H-NMR (600 MHz in DMSO-d6): ⁇ 9.18 (1H, s), 6.82 (1H, t), 6.74 (1H, dd), 6.54 (1H, dd), 4.29 (1H, s), 3.83 (2H, t), 3.36 (2H, t), 1.63 (2H, m), 1.16-1.44 (16H, m) ppm.
- 19 F-NMR (565 MHz in DMSO-d6): ⁇ -133.7 (1 F, t) ppm.
- TDI 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate or 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate and their isomer mixtures
- IPDI Isophorone diisocyanate
- Diisocyanate, high molecular weight polyol, chain extender, type of capping agent, compounding ratio and amount of catalyst used were changed as shown in Tables 1 and 2.
- a phenol compound used as an additive was synthesized as follows. [4] Synthesis of phenol compound [Synthesis Example 4-1] Synthesis of phenol 1
- ⁇ Silver powder A Average particle size (D L50 ) is 2.1 ⁇ m ⁇ Silver powder B: Average particle size (D L50 ) is 5.3 ⁇ m ⁇ Silver powder C: Average particle size (D L50 ) is 1.2 ⁇ m ⁇ Silver powder D: Average particle size ( DL50 ) is 0.67 ⁇ m ⁇ Silver powder E: Average particle size (D L50 ) is 1.72 ⁇ m ⁇ Copper powder A: Average particle size ( DL50 ) is 1.30 ⁇ m For the measurement of the average particle size, the particle size distribution was measured using a laser diffraction particle size distribution device, and the particle size at 50% of the integrated value was determined as the average particle size.
- Phenols 1 to 13 below were used as the additive phenol compound.
- phenol 11 is the same as capping agent 1
- phenol 12 is the same as capping agent 4
- phenol 13 is the same as capping agent 11.
- a conductive paste composition was prepared by stirring and mixing a polymer, a conductive filler, a phenol compound and a solvent (BCA) according to the composition shown in Table 3.
- BCA diethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate
- the electrical resistance was measured by installing an electrode inside the sample fixing jig of the tensile tester (the above precision universal testing machine AG-Xplus HS), using a PXIe-4136SMU resistance measuring device manufactured by National Instruments Co., Ltd., four terminals It was carried out by the resistance measurement method.
- ⁇ Maximum electrical resistance change when repeatedly stretched 1000 times at an elongation rate of 0 to 20% [maximum electrical resistance in repeated stretching test ( ⁇ )] ⁇ [initial electrical resistance ( ⁇ )] ⁇ 100
- Table 4 shows the maximum electrical resistance change when the film was repeatedly stretched and stretched 1000 times at an elongation rate of 20%.
- the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments.
- the above-described embodiment is an example, and any device having substantially the same configuration as the technical idea described in the claims of the present invention and exhibiting the same effect is the present invention. included in the technical scope of
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Abstract
Description
また、繰り返し伸縮における導電安定性に優れることから、人間の体の動きによりひずみが生じるウェアラブルデバイスに適した導電配線を形成することができる。
特に、下記一般式(1A)で示されるフェノール性水酸基を含有するポリウレタンは、従来知られていない。
本発明のポリウレタンは、下記一般式(1A)で示されるフェノール性水酸基を含有するものである。
更に弱酸性官能基を含有する下記鎖延長剤が挙げられる。
上記ポリウレタンは、例えば、ワンショット法やプレポリマー法などの公知の方法により、ポリイソシアネートとポリオール、ポリアミン又はポリカルボン酸等を反応させることで得られ、好ましくはプレポリマー法が用いられる。
ポリウレタンの構成成分であるポリイソシアネートとしては、エチレンジイソシアネート、トリメチレンジイソシアネート、テトラメチレンジイソシアネート、ペンタメチレンジイソシアネート、ヘキサメチレンジイソシアネート(HDI)、オクタメチレンジイソシアネート、ノナメチレンジイソシアネート、2-メチルペンタン-1,5-ジイソシアネート、3-メチルペンタン-1,5-ジイソシアネート、2,2’-ジメチルペンタンジイソシアネート、2,2,4-トリメチルヘキサンジイソシアネート、デカメチレンジイソシアネート、ブテンジイソシアネート、1,3-ブタジエン-1,4-ジイソシアネート、2,4,4-トリメチルヘキサメチレンジイソシアネート、1,6,11-ウンデカメチレントリイソシアネート、1,3,6-ヘキサメチレントリイソシアネート、1,8-ジイソシアネート-4-イソシアナトメチルオクタン、2,5,7-トリメチル-1,8-ジイソシアネート-5-イソシアナトメチルオクタン、ビス(イソシアナトエチル)カーボネート、ビス(イソシアナトエチル)エーテル、1,4-ブチレングリコールジプロピルエーテル-ω、ω’-ジイソシアネート、リジンイソシアナトメチルエステル、リジントリイソシアネート、2-イソシアナトエチル-2,6-ジイソシアネートヘキサノエート、2-イソシアナトプロピル-2,6-ジイソシアネートヘキサノエート、ビス(4-イソシアネート-n-ブチリデン)ペンタエリスリトール、2,6-ジイソシアネートメチルカプロエート、イソホロンジイソシアネート(IPDI)、1,3-シクロヘキシルジイソシアネート、1,4-シクロヘキシルジイソシアネート、1,3-ビス(イソシアナトメチル)シクロヘキサン、1,4-ビス(イソシアナトメチル)シクロヘキサン、1,3-ビス(イソシアナトエチル)シクロヘキサン、1,4-ビス(イソシアナトエチル)シクロヘキサン、メチルシクロヘキサンジイソシアネート、2,2’-ジメチルジシクロヘキシルメタンジイソシアネート、4,4’-ジシクロヘキシルメタンジイソシアネート、ダイマー酸ジイソシアネート、2,5-ジイソシアナトメチルビシクロ〔2,2,1〕-ヘプタン、2,6-ジイソシアナトメチルビシクロ〔2,2,1〕-ヘプタン、2-イソシアナトメチル2-(3-イソシアナトプロピル)-5-イソシアナトメチルビシクロ-〔2,2,1〕-ヘプタン、2-イソシアナトメチル-2-(3-イソシアナトプロピル)-6-イソシアナトメチルビシクロ-〔2,2,1〕-ヘプタン、2-イソシアナトメチル3-(3-イソシアナトプロピル)-5-(2-イソシアナトエチル)-ビシクロ-〔2,2,1〕-ヘプタン、2-イソシアナトメチル3-(3-イソシアナトプロピル)-6-(2-イソシアナトエチル)-ビシクロ-〔2,2,1〕-ヘプタン、2-イソシアナトメチル2-(3-イソシアナトプロピル)-5-(2-イソシアナトエチル)-ビシクロ-〔2,2,1〕-ヘプタン、2-イソシアナトメチル2-(3-イソシアナトプロピル)-6-(2-イソシアナトエチル)-ビシクロ-〔2,2,1〕-ヘプタン等の脂肪族および脂環族ポリイソシアネート、2,4-トリレンジイソシアネート又は2,6-トリレンジイソシアネート及びそれらの異性体混合物(TDI)、4,4’-ジフェニルメタンジイソシアネート又は2,4’-ジフェニルメタンジイソシアネートおよびそれらの異性体混合物(MDI)、トルイジンジイソシアネート(TODI)、パラフェニレンジイソシアネート、ナフタレンジイソシアネート(NDI)、4,4’-ジベンジルジイソシアネート等の芳香族ポリイソシアネート、オルトキシリレンジイソシアネート、メタキシリレンジイソシアネート、パラキシリレンジイソシアネート、1,3-テトラメチルキシリレンジイソシアネート、1,4-テトラメチルキシリレンジイソシアネート等の芳香脂肪族ポリイソシアネート、更にこれらのウレタン変性体として多量体、ビウレット変性体、カルボジイミド変性体、ウレトンイミン変性体、ウレトジオン変性体、イソシアヌレート変性体、アロファネート変性体等が挙げられる。
ポリウレタンの構成成分である高分子量ポリオールとして、イソシアネート基と反応し得るヒドロキシル基を2つ以上有し、数平均分子量500~5,000のポリオールを用いることができる。例えば、ポリエーテルポリオール、ポリエステルポリオール、ポリカーボネートポリオール、アクリルポリオール、末端水酸基化ポリオレフィン、シリコーンポリオール、植物油系ポリオール等が挙げられる。
鎖延長剤としてはエチレングリコール、1,2-プロパンジオール、1,3-プロパンジオール、1,2-ブタンジオール、1,3-ブタンジオール、1,4-ブタンジオール、1,5-ペンタンジオール、1,6-ヘキサンジオール、1,7-へプタンジオール、1,8-オクタンジオール、1,9-ノナンジオール、ネオペンチルグリコール、3-メチル-1,5-ペンタンジオール、3,3-ジメチロールヘプタン、2,2,2-トリメチルペンタンジオール、1,4-ジヒドロキシ-2-ブテン、2,6-ジメチル-1-オクテン-3,8-ジオール、ジエチレングリコール、トリエチレングリコール、ジプロピレングリコール、シクロヘキサン-1,3-ジオール、シクロヘキサン-1,4-ジオール、シクロヘキサン-1,3-ジメタノール、シクロヘキサン-1,4-ジメタノール、1,3-アダマンタンジメタノール、ダイマー酸ジオール、1,2-ベンゼンジオール、1,3-ベンゼンジオール、1,4-ベンゼンジオール、ヒドロキノンジ(2-ヒドロキシエチルエーテル)、ビスフェノールA、ビス(β-ヒドロキシエチル)ベンゼン、キシリレングリコール等の2価アルコール、エタノールアミン、ジメタノールアミン、トリエタノールアミン、エチレンジアミン、プロピレンジアミン、ブタンジアミン、ペンタメチレンジアミン、ヘキサメチレンジアミン、イソホロンジアミン、ピペラジン、トルエンジアミン、メタフェニレンジアミン、ジフェニルメタンジアミン、キシリレンジアミン、ジメチルチオトルエンジアミン、4,4-メチレンビス-о-クロロアニリン等のアミン類等が用いられる。
架橋剤としてはグリセリン、トリメチロールプロパン、トリイソプロパノールアミン等の3価アルコール、ペンタエリスリトール、α-メチルグルコシド、ジグリセリン等の多価アルコールが用いられる。
ポリウレタンはバルク重合または、溶液重合によって合成される。溶液重合に用いられる有機溶剤としては、例えば、トルエン、キシレン、クメン、1,2,3-トリメチルベンゼン、1,2,4-トリメチルベンゼン、1,3,5-トリメチルベンゼン、スチレン、αメチルスチレン、ブチルベンゼン、sec-ブチルベンゼン、イソブチルベンゼン、シメン、ジエチルベンゼン、2-エチル-p-キシレン、2-プロピルトルエン、3-プロピルトルエン、4-プロピルトルエン、1,2,3,5-テトラメチルトルエン、1,2,4,5-テトラメチルトルエン、テトラヒドロナフタレン、4-フェニル-1-ブテン、tert-アミルベンゼン、アミルベンゼン、2-tert-ブチルトルエン、3-tert-ブチルトルエン、4-tert-ブチルトルエン、5-イソプロピル-m-キシレン、3-メチルエチルベンゼン、tert-ブチル-3-エチルベンゼン、4-tert-ブチル-o-キシレン、5-tert-ブチル-m-キシレン、tert-ブチル-p-キシレン、1,2-ジイソプロピルベンゼン、1,3-ジイソプロピルベンゼン、1,4-ジイソプロピルベンゼン、ジプロピルベンゼン、ペンタメチルベンゼン、ヘキサメチルベンゼン、ヘキシルベンゼン、1,3,5-トリエチルベンゼン等の芳香族系炭化水素系溶剤、n-ヘプタン、イソヘプタン、n-ヘキサン、オクタン、3-メチルヘキサン、2,3-ジメチルペンタン、3-エチルペンタン、1,6-ヘプタジエン、5-メチル-1-ヘキシン、ノルボルナン、ノルボルネン、ジシクロペンタジエン、1-メチル-1,4-シクロヘキサジエン、1-ヘプチン、2-ヘプチン、シクロヘプタン、シクロヘプテン、1,3-ジメチルシクロペンタン、エチルシクロペンタン、シクロヘキサン、メチルシクロヘキサン、1-メチル-1-シクロヘキセン、3-メチル-1-シクロヘキセン、メチレンシクロヘキサン、4-メチル-1-シクロヘキセン、2-メチル-1-ヘキセン、2-メチル-2-ヘキセン、1-ヘプテン、2-ヘプテン、3-ヘプテン、n-オクタン、2,2-ジメチルヘキサン、2,3-ジメチルヘキサン、2,4-ジメチルヘキサン、2,5-ジメチルヘキサン、3,3-ジメチルヘキサン、3,4-ジメチルヘキサン、3-エチル-2-メチルペンタン、3-エチル-3-メチルペンタン、2-メチルヘプタン、3-メチルヘプタン、4-メチルヘプタン、2,2,3-トリメチルペンタン、2,2,4-トリメチルペンタン、シクロオクタン、シクロオクテン、1,2-ジメチルシクロヘキサン、1,3-ジメチルシクロヘキサン、1,4-ジメチルシクロヘキサン、エチルシクロヘキサン、ビニルシクロヘキサン、イソプロピルシクロペンタン、2,2-ジメチル-3-ヘキセン、2,4-ジメチル-1-ヘキセン、2,5-ジメチル-1-ヘキセン、2,5-ジメチル-2-ヘキセン、3,3-ジメチル-1-ヘキセン、3,4-ジメチル-1-ヘキセン、4,4-ジメチル-1-ヘキセン、2-エチル-1-ヘキセン、2-メチル-1-ヘプテン、1-オクテン、2-オクテン、3-オクテン、4-オクテン、1,7-オクタジエン、1-オクチン、2-オクチン、3-オクチン、4-オクチン、n-ノナン、2,3-ジメチルヘプタン、2,4-ジメチルヘプタン、2,5-ジメチルヘプタン、3,3-ジメチルヘプタン、3,4-ジメチルヘプタン、3,5-ジメチルヘプタン、4-エチルヘプタン、2-メチルオクタン、3-メチルオクタン、4-メチルオクタン、2,2,4,4-テトラメチルペンタン、2,2,4-トリメチルヘキサン、2,2,5-トリメチルヘキサン、2,2-ジメチル-3-ヘプテン、2,3-ジメチル-3-ヘプテン、2,4-ジメチル-1-ヘプテン、2,6-ジメチル-1-ヘプテン、2,6-ジメチル-3-ヘプテン、3,5-ジメチル-3-ヘプテン、2,4,4-トリメチル-1-ヘキセン、3,5,5-トリメチル-1-ヘキセン、1-エチル-2-メチルシクロヘキサン、1-エチル-3-メチルシクロヘキサン、1-エチル-4-メチルシクロヘキサン、プロピルシクロヘキサン、イソプロピルシクロヘキサン、1,1,3-トリメチルシクロヘキサン、1,1,4-トリメチルシクロヘキサン、1,2,3-トリメチルシクロヘキサン、1,2,4-トリメチルシクロヘキサン、1,3,5-トリメチルシクロヘキサン、アリルシクロヘキサン、ヒドリンダン、1,8-ノナジエン、1-ノニン、2-ノニン、3-ノニン、4-ノニン、1-ノネン、2-ノネン、3-ノネン、4-ノネン、n-デカン、3,3-ジメチルオクタン、3,5-ジメチルオクタン、4,4-ジメチルオクタン、3-エチル-3-メチルヘプタン、2-メチルノナン、3-メチルノナン、4-メチルノナン、tert-ブチルシクロヘキサン、ブチルシクロヘキサン、イソブチルシクロヘキサン、4-イソプロピル-1-メチルシクロヘキサン、ペンチルシクロペンタン、1,1,3,5-テトラメチルシクロヘキサン、シクロドデカン、1-デセン、2-デセン、3-デセン、4-デセン、5-デセン、1,9-デカジエン、デカヒドロナフタレン、1-デシン、2-デシン、3-デシン、4-デシン、5-デシン、1,5,9-デカトリエン、2,6-ジメチル-2,4,6-オクタトリエン、リモネン、ミルセン、1,2,3,4,5-ペンタメチルシクロペンタジエン、α-フェランドレン、ピネン、テルピネン、テトラヒドロジシクロペンタジエン、5,6-ジヒドロジシクロペンタジエン、ジシクロペンタジエン、1,4-デカジイン、1,5-デカジイン、1,9-デカジイン、2,8-デカジイン、4,6-デカジイン、n-ウンデカン、アミルシクロヘキサン、1-ウンデセン、1,10-ウンデカジエン、1-ウンデシン、3-ウンデシン、5-ウンデシン、トリシクロ[6.2.1.02,7]ウンデカ-4-エン、n-ドデカン、2-メチルウンデカン、3-メチルウンデカン、4-メチルウンデカン、5-メチルウンデカン、2,2,4,6,6-ペンタメチルヘプタン、1,3-ジメチルアダマンタン、1-エチルアダマンタン、1,5,9-シクロドデカトリエン、1,2,4-トリビニルシクロヘキサン、イソパラフィン等の脂肪族炭化水素系溶剤、シクロヘキサノン、シクロペンタノン、アセトン、メチルエチルケトン、2-オクタノン、2-ノナノン、2-ヘプタノン、3-ヘプタノン、4-ヘプタノン、2-ヘキサノン、3-ヘキサノン、ジイソブチルケトン、メチルイソブチルケトン、メチルシクロヘキサノン、メチルn-ペンチルケトン等のケトン系溶剤、エチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールジメチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールジエチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールジブチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールエチルメチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールブチルメチルエーテル、ジエチルエーテル、ジイソプロピルエーテル、ジ-n-ブチルエーテル、ジ-secブチルエーテル、ジイソブチルエーテル、アミルエーテル、イソアミルエーテル、ジ-tert-アミルエーテル、メチルシクロペンチルエーテル、メチルシクロヘキシルエーテル、メチル-tert-ブチルエーテル、ジ-n-ヘキシルエーテル、アニソール、ジヒドロターピニルアセテート、テトラヒドロフラン、ジオキサン等のエーテル系溶剤、エチレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート、エチレングリコールモノエチルエーテルアセテート、エチレングリコールモノブチルエーテルアセテート、エチレングリコールモノプロピルエーテルアセテート、エチレングリコールジアセテート、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート、プロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテルアセテート、プロピレングリコールモノプロピルエーテルアセテート、プロピレングリコールモノブチルエーテルアセテート、プロピレングリコールモノ-tert-ブチルエーテルアセテート、プロピレングリコールジアセテート、ジエチレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート、ジエチレングリコールモノエチルエーテルアセテート、ジエチレングリコールモノプロピルエーテルアセテート、ジエチレングリコールモノブチルエーテルアセテート、酢酸メチル、酢酸エチル、酢酸ブチル、酢酸イソブチル、酢酸-tert-ブチル、ピルビン酸エチル、3-メトキシプロピオン酸メチル、3-エトキシプロピオン酸エチル、プロピオン酸tert-ブチル、3-メトキシブチルアセテート、エチル-3-エトキシプロピオネート等のエステル系溶剤、γ-ブチロラクトン等のラクトン系溶剤、アセトニトリルなどのニトリル系溶剤、塩化メチル、塩化メチレン、クロロホルム、四塩化炭素、1,2-ジクロロエタン、1,1,2,2-テトラクロロエタン等のハロゲン系溶剤、N-メチルピロリドン、N,N’-ジメチルホルムアミド、N,N’-ジメチルアセトアミド、ジメチルスルホキシド、ヘキサメチルホスホルアミドなどの極性非プロトン溶剤などを挙げることができる。
ポリウレタン合成においてはウレタン結合生成反応を促進するために、必要に応じて触媒を添加することが好ましい。
本態様にかかるポリウレタンは、イソシアネート基過剰で重合を行った後に末端キャップ剤を添加することでポリウレタン末端にキャップ剤由来の官能基を導入することができる。
例えば、ポリウレタン末端のキャップ剤として下記のヒドロキシ(メタ)アクリレートを使用することでウレタンアクリレートを合成することができる。
本発明の導電性ペースト組成物は、(A)導電性フィラーと(B)本発明のフェノール性水酸基を含有するポリウレタンと(C)溶剤とを含むものであり、さらに(D)フェノール化合物を含むものであることが好ましい。以下、各成分について、更に詳細に説明する。
電気導電性を高めるための(A)成分として、金、銀、白金、銅、錫、鉄、マグネシウム、チタン、ニッケル、パラジウム、アルミニウム、タングステン、モリブデン、ルテニウム、クロム、インジウム、はんだ、及びこれらの銀メッキ粉等の金属粒子もしくは合金粒子、または炭素、カーボンブラック、カーボンナノチューブ、塩化銀、酸化亜鉛、酸化チタン、酸化インジウムスズなどの粉末などが挙げられる。
フェノール性水酸基を含有するポリウレタンとしては上述のものが挙げられる。
(C)成分は溶剤である。(C)成分を含むことで、導電性ペースト組成物の粘度が好適なものとなり、作業性が向上する。
さらに、フェノール化合物として下記一般式(2A)で示される構造を含むフェノール化合物を含むことが好ましい。
また、本発明では、基材上に形成され、上記導電性ペースト組成物の焼成物からなる導電配線を提供する。基材が伸縮性を有する場合には、伸縮性導電配線を与える。
以下、本発明の導電配線について説明するが、本発明はこれらに限定されるものではない。
カラム:TSKgel G4000HXL、TSKgel G3000HXL、TSKgel G2000HXL2本
移動相:テトラヒドロフラン
カラムオーブン温度:40℃
サンプル濃度:0.20質量%
サンプル注入量:100μL
流量:1mL/min
窒素雰囲気下、ブロモフェノール1(76.4g)、イソアミレン(112.2g)のトルエン(10g)溶液へ、メタンスルホン酸(4.8g)を-20~-10℃にて加えた。そのままの温度にて3時間撹拌した後、トリエチルアミン(10.1g)、続いて25質量%苛性ソーダ水(32.0g)を滴下して反応を停止した。通常の水系後処理(aqueous work-up)を行った。減圧蒸留によりブロモベンゼン1(84.6g、収率81%)を得た。
沸点:67℃/10Pa。
窒素雰囲気下、ブロモベンゼン1(52.2g)、マグネシウム(5.1g)及びテトラヒドロフラン140mLを用いて予め調製したGrignard試薬を、内温-5℃以下にて、ホウ酸トリメチル(22.9g)、テトラヒドロフラン(310mL)の溶液に滴下した。反応温度5℃にて3時間撹拌を続けた。その後内温30℃以下にて、酢酸(18.0g)及び35%過酸化水素(25.3g)を加えた。室温にて3時間撹拌を続け、通常の後処理方法を行い、トルエン/n-ヘキサン混合溶剤より再結晶を行い、中間体フェノール1(29.7g、収率75%)を得た。
IR(D-ATR):ν=3233、3071、2941、2929、2853、1622、1601、1512、1480、1465、1447、1378、1334、1311、1205、1196、1158、1111、1097、975、966、870、816cm-1。
1H-NMR(600MHz in DMSO-d6):δ=9.52(1H、s)、6.88(1H、t)、6.55(1H、dd)、6.46(1H、dd)、1.62(2H、q)、1.14(6H、s)、0.93(3H、t)ppm。
19F-NMR(565MHz in DMSO-d6):δ=-126.6(1F、s)ppm。
窒素雰囲気下、中間体フェノール1(29.5g)、炭酸カリウム(20.5g)、ヨウ化ナトリウム(40mg)、ジメチルホルムアルデヒド(74g)のスラリー溶液へ、エーテル化剤1(36.9g)を60~80℃にて加えた。そのままの温度にて20時間撹拌した後、水(160g)を滴下して反応を停止した。通常の水系後処理(aqueous work-up)を行い、保護フェノール1(53.2g、粗収率91%)を得た。
上記で得られた保護フェノール1(53.2g)、p-トルエンスルホン酸1水和物(0.2g)、トルエン(140g)の溶液を内温70~100℃にて3時間加熱撹拌を続けた。その後内温30℃以下にて水50gを加え反応を停止した。その後、通常の水系後処理(aqueous work-up)を行い、酢酸エチル/n-ヘキサン混合溶剤より再結晶を行い、キャップ剤1(31.6g、二工程収率71%)を得た。
IR(D-ATR):ν=3483、3189、2919、2852、1605、1521、1477、1468、1449、1395、1313、1275、1263、1243、1205、1163、1113、1046、1032、1008、955、864、840、799、788cm-1。
1H-NMR(600MHz in DMSO-d6):δ=9.18(1H、s)、6.82(1H、t)、6.74(1H、dd)、6.54(1H、dd)、4.29(1H、s)、3.83(2H、t)、3.36(2H、t)、1.63(2H、m)、1.16-1.44(16H、m)ppm。
19F-NMR(565MHz in DMSO-d6):δ=-133.7(1F、t)ppm。
窒素雰囲気下、t-ブトキシカリウム(63.9g)をTHF(360g)に溶解した溶液へ、フルオロベンゼン1(100g)を0~10℃で滴下した。そのままの温度にて10時間撹拌した後、水(150g)を滴下して反応を停止した。通常の水系後処理(aqueous work-up)を行った。減圧蒸留によりブロモベンゼン2(98.6g、収率77%)を得た。
沸点:97-100℃/700Pa。
ブロモベンゼン1をブロモベンゼン2に変更した以外は、[合成例1-1-2]と同様な方法で中間体フェノール2を得た(収率77%)。
中間体フェノール1を中間体フェノール2に変更した以外は、[合成例1-1-3]と同様な方法で保護フェノール2を得た(収率92%)。
保護フェノール1を保護フェノール2に変更した以外は、[合成例1-1-4]と同様な方法でキャップ剤2を得た(収率78%)。
ブロモフェノール1をブロモフェノール3に変更した以外は、[合成例1-1-1]と同様な方法でブロモベンゼン3を得た(収率77%)。
沸点:66℃/6Pa。
ブロモベンゼン1をブロモベンゼン3に変更した以外は、[合成例1-1-2]と同様な方法で中間体フェノール3を得た(収率62%)。
中間体フェノール1を中間体フェノール3に変更した以外は、[合成例1-1-3]と同様な方法で保護フェノール3を得た(収率82%)。
保護フェノール1を保護フェノール3に変更した以外は、[合成例1-1-4]と同様な方法でキャップ剤3を得た(収率92%)。
IR(D-ATR):ν=3494、3215、2932、2918、2849、1613、1526、1503、1480、1470、1434、1400、1287、1264、1212、1183、1091、1077、1054、1020、1004、967、942、804cm-1。
1H-NMR(600MHz in DMSO-d6):δ=9.75(1H、s)、6.70(2H、dt)、4.28(1H、t)、3.92(2H、t)、3.35(2H、m)、1.65(2H、m)、1.32-1.42(4H、m)、1.20-1.32(12H、m)ppm。
19F-NMR(565MHz in DMSO-d6):δ=-158.1~-157.9(1F、m)、-159.3~-159.1(1F、m)ppm。
ブロモフェノール1をブロモフェノール4に変更した以外は、[合成例1-1-1]と同様な方法でブロモベンゼン4を得た(収率72%)。
沸点:53℃/15Pa。
ブロモベンゼン1をブロモベンゼン4に変更した以外は、[合成例1-1-2]と同様な方法で中間体フェノール4を得た(収率64%)。
1H-NMR(600MHz in DMSO-d6):δ=9.99(1H、s)、6.44(2H、m)、1.62(2H、m)、1.15(6H、s)、0.94(3H、t)ppm。
19F-NMR(565MHz in DMSO-d6):δ=-122.9(2F、s)ppm。
中間体フェノール1を中間体フェノール4に変更した以外は、[合成例1-1-3]と同様な方法で保護フェノール4を得た(収率89%)。
保護フェノール1を保護フェノール4に変更した以外は、[合成例1-1-4]と同様な方法でキャップ剤4を得た(収率73%)。
IR(D-ATR):ν=3532、3101、2922、2853、2801、1649、1613、1530、1468、1457、1426、1397、1268、1254、1239、1200、1156、1046、1036、1018、855、817、804cm-1。
1H-NMR(600MHz in DMSO-d6):δ=9.38(1H、s)、6.63(2H、m)、4.30(1H、s)、3.85(2H、t)、3.36(2H、t)、1.63(2H、m)、1.32-1.42(4H、m)、1.20-1.32(12H、m)ppm。
19F-NMR(565MHz in DMSO-d6):δ=-158.1(1F、m)ppm。
フルオロベンゼン1をフルオロベンゼン2に変更した以外は、[合成例1-2-1]と同様な方法でブロモベンゼン5を得た(収率94%)。
沸点:82-84℃/300Pa。
ブロモベンゼン1をブロモベンゼン5に変更した以外は、[合成例1-1-2]と同様な方法で中間体フェノール5を得た(収率62%)。
中間体フェノール1を中間体フェノール5に変更した以外は、[合成例1-1-3]と同様な方法で保護フェノール5を得た(収率81%)。
保護フェノール1を保護フェノール5に変更した以外は、[合成例1-1-4]と同様な方法でキャップ剤5を得た(収率77%)。
フルオロベンゼン1をフルオロベンゼン3に変更した以外は、[合成例1-2-1]と同様な方法でブロモベンゼン6を得た(収率77%)。
沸点:99-100℃/1KPa。
ブロモベンゼン1をブロモベンゼン6に変更した以外は、[合成例1-1-2]と同様な方法で中間体フェノール6を得た(収率68%)。
中間体フェノール1を中間体フェノール6に変更した以外は、[合成例1-1-3]と同様な方法で保護フェノール6を得た(収率86%)。
保護フェノール1を保護フェノール6に変更した以外は、[合成例1-1-4]と同様な方法でキャップ剤6を得た(収率86%)。
窒素雰囲気下、ジヒドロキシベンゼン1(55.9g)、炭酸カリウム(41.5g)、ヨウ化ナトリウム(100mg)、ジメチルホルムアルデヒド(300g)のスラリー溶液へ、エーテル化剤2(19.5g)を60~80℃にて加えた。そのままの温度にて3時間撹拌した後、水(400g)を滴下して反応を停止した。通常の水系後処理(aqueous work-up)を行った。酢酸エチル/n-ヘキサン混合溶剤より再結晶を行い、キャップ剤7(18.6g、収率62%)を得た。
ジヒドロキシベンゼン1をジヒドロキシベンゼン2に、エーテル化剤2をエーテル化剤1に変更した以外は、[合成例1-7-1]と同様な方法でキャップ剤8を得た(収率43%)。
ジヒドロキシベンゼン1をジヒドロキシベンゼン3に、エーテル化剤2をエーテル化剤1に変更した以外は、[合成例1-7-1]と同様な方法でキャップ剤9を得た(収率45%)。
エーテル化剤1をエーテル化剤3に変更した以外は、[合成例1-1-3]と同様な方法で保護フェノール10を得た(収率81%)。
保護フェノール1を保護フェノール10に変更した以外は、[合成例1-1-4]と同様な方法でキャップ剤10を得た(収率86%)。
エーテル化剤1をエーテル化剤4に変更した以外は、[合成例1-1-3]と同様な方法で保護フェノール11を得た(収率82%)。
保護フェノール1を保護フェノール11に変更した以外は、[合成例1-1-4]と同様な方法でキャップ剤11を得た(収率75%)。
IR(D-ATR):ν=3619、3292、2948、2890、1608、1516、1452、1386、1280、1234、1191、1157、1109、1101、1052、1023、966、945、912、851、841、823、798、756、740cm-1。
1H-NMR(600MHz in DMSO-d6):δ=9.20(2H、s)、6.82(2H、t)、6.76(2H、dd)、6.57(2H,dd)、4.55(2H、t)、3.85(4H、s)、3.54(4H、d)ppm。
窒素雰囲気下、トリメチロールプロパン(1260g)、エステル化剤1(1415g)、28質量%ナトリウムメトキシドのメタノール溶液(60.7g)を100~140℃で撹拌した。メタノールを留去しながらエステル交換を行い、反応が完結した後、50℃以下に冷却し塩酸で中和した。その後、通常の水系後処理(aqueous work-up)を行い、IPE/n-ヘキサン混合溶剤より再結晶を行い、鎖延長剤1を949g(純度99.1%、収率46.2%)得た。
鎖延長剤1:
白色粉体
1H-NMR(DMSO-d6):δ=0.78(3H,t),1.26(2H,q),3.27(4H,m),4.17(2H,s),4.49(2H,t),9.08(1H,s)
原料のトリメチロールプロパンをグリセロールに変更した以外は、[合成例2-1-1]と同様な方法で鎖延長剤2を得た(収率40%)。
窒素雰囲気下、カルボン酸1(10.0g)、トルエン(50.0g)、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド2滴の懸濁液中に塩化オキサリル(8.7g)を加えた。室温で5時間撹拌した後、溶媒を減圧留去し酸塩化物1を得た。
窒素雰囲気下、氷冷したアルコール3(15.6g)、トリエチルアミン(7.9g)、アセトニトリル(20mL)の溶液に酸塩化物1のアセトニトリル溶液を添加し、室温で一晩撹拌した。反応が完結した後、水を加え、通常の後処理を行うことで中間体3を19.0g(粗収率80%)得た。
上記で得られた中間体3(15.0g)、メタノール(30g)、強酸性陽イオン交換樹脂(1g)を加熱還流した。アセトンを留去しながら脱保護を行い、反応が完結した後、イオン交換樹脂を除去し、溶剤を留去することで鎖延長剤3を13.3g(粗収率97%)得た。
アルコール3をアルコール4に変更した以外は、[合成例2-3-1]と同様な方法で中間体4を得た。
中間体3を中間体4に変更した以外は、[合成例2-3-2]と同様な方法で鎖延長剤4を得た(二工程収率75%)。
アルコール3をアルコール5に変更した以外は、[合成例2-3-1]と同様な方法で中間体5を得た。
中間体3を中間体5に変更した以外は、[合成例2-3-2]と同様な方法で鎖延長剤5を得た(二工程収率75%)。
窒素雰囲気下、アミン1(15.0g)、ジクロロメタン(45.0g)、トリエチルアミン(12.5g)の混合溶液にトリフルオロメタンスルホン酸無水物(32.1g)を-78℃で滴下し、そのままの温度にて2時間撹拌した。室温まで昇温し更に1時間撹拌した後、氷冷しながら水を加えて反応停止した。その後、通常の後処理を行うことで中間体6を22.7g(粗収率78%)得た。
中間体3を中間体6に変更した以外は、[合成例2-3-2]と同様な方法で鎖延長剤6を得た(収率87%)。
原料
<高分子量ポリオール>
・ニッポラン4010(東ソー社製)ポリエステルポリオール、数平均分子量2000
・ニッポラン4009(東ソー社製)ポリエステルポリオール、数平均分子量1000
・クラレポリオールP-2010(クラレ社製)ポリエステルポリオール、数平均分子量2000
・クラレポリオールC-2090(クラレ社製)ポリカーボネートポリオール、数平均分子量2000
・プラクセル210(ダイセル社製)ポリカプロラクトンジオール、数平均分子量1000
・2,4-トリレンジイソシアネート又は2,6-トリレンジイソシアネート及びそれらの異性体混合物(TDI)
・イソホロンジイソシアネート(IPDI)
・XK-640(KING INDUSTRIES社製)
窒素雰囲気下、TDI 86.0g、ジエチレングリコールモノブチルエーテルアセテート(BCA) 134.2gとXK-640(KING INDUSTRIES社製)0.36gに40質量%ニッポラン4009のBCA溶液445.8gを滴下、1時間撹拌し、プレポリマーを調製した。90℃に加熱したプレポリマー溶液に、50質量%鎖延長剤1のBCA溶液を232.9g滴下し、そのままの温度で10時間熟成した後、10質量%キャップ剤1のBCA溶液91.1gを加え、1時間熟成した。
PU1:
Mw=125,190、Mw/Mn=3.53
エーテル化剤1をエーテル化剤5に変更した以外は、[合成例1-1-3]と同様な方法で保護フェノール12を得た(収率85%)。
保護フェノール1を保護フェノール12に変更した以外は、[合成例1-1-4]と同様な方法でフェノール1を得た(収率84%)。
IR(D-ATR):ν=3402、2953、2942、2920、2870、2854、1607、1516、1479、1471、1460、1398、1313、1275、1255、1205、1158、1111、1028、840、788cm-1。
1H-NMR(600MHz in DMSO-d6):δ=9.18(1H、s)、6.82(1H、t)、6.72(1H、dd)、6.54(1H、dd)、3.82(2H、t)、1.62(2H、m)、1.14-1.38(18H、m)、0.83(3H、t)ppm。
19F-NMR(565MHz in DMSO-d6):δ=-133.7(1F、t)ppm。
中間体フェノール1を中間体フェノール5に変更した以外は、[合成例4-1-1]と同様な方法で保護フェノール13を得た(収率88%)。
保護フェノール1を保護フェノール13に変更した以外は、[合成例1-1-4]と同様な方法でフェノール2を得た(収率72%)。
IR(D-ATR):ν=3423、2954、2942、2920、2853、1639、1616、1531、1478、1472、1379、1400、1379、1244、1214、1152、1054、1032、1020、828、822、809、789cm-1。
1H-NMR(主要異性体のみ、600MHz in DMSO-d6):δ=10.32(1H、s)、6.38(1H、m)、6.27(1H、m)、3.82(2H、t)、1.63(2H、m)、1.16-1.40(18H、m)、0.82(3H、t)ppm。
19F-NMR(主要異性体のみ、565MHz in DMSO-d6):δ=-137.4(1F、m)、-171.7(1F、m)ppm。
中間体フェノール1を中間体フェノール6に変更した以外は、[合成例4-1-1]と同様な方法で保護フェノール14を得た(収率90%)。
保護フェノール1を保護フェノール14に変更した以外は、[合成例1-1-4]と同様な方法でフェノール3を得た(収率81%)。
IR(D-ATR):ν=3591、3446、2926、2855、1605、1507、1468、1391、1254、1204、1172、1026、983、912、836、792cm-1。
1H-NMR(600MHz in DMSO-d6):δ=10.06(1H、s)、7.08(1H、d)、6.49(1H、d)、6.34(1H、dd)、3.86(2H、t)、1.64(2H、m)、1.15-1.38(18H、m)、0.83(3H、t)ppm。
19F-NMR(565MHz in DMSO-d6):δ=-57.5(3F、t)ppm。
中間体フェノール1を中間体フェノール3に変更した以外は、[合成例4-1-1]と同様な方法で保護フェノール15を得た(収率91%)。
保護フェノール1を保護フェノール15に変更した以外は、[合成例1-1-4]と同様な方法でフェノール4を得た(収率76%)。
IR(D-ATR):ν=3290、2956、2918、2873、2849、1615、1526、1502、1470、1420、1398、1284、1265、1216、1180、1089、1062、1053、1042、1030、1016、975、945、802cm-1。
1H-NMR(600MHz in DMSO-d6):δ=9.74(1H、s)、6.70(2H、dt)、3.91(2H、t)、1.64(2H、m)、1.32-1.39(2H、m)、1.16-1.32(16H、m)、0.82(3H、t)ppm。
19F-NMR(565MHz in DMSO-d6):δ=-158.1~-157.9(1F、m)、-159.3~-159.1(1F、m)ppm。
ジヒドロキシベンゼン1をヒドロキノンに、エーテル化剤2をエーテル化剤6に変更した以外は、[合成例1-7-1]と同様な方法でフェノール5を得た(収率59%)。
エーテル化剤1をエーテル化剤6に変更した以外は、[合成例1-1-3]と同様な方法で保護フェノール16を得た(収率94%)。
保護フェノール1を保護フェノール16に変更した以外は、[合成例1-1-4]と同様な方法でフェノール6を得た(収率90%)。
IR(D-ATR):ν=3380、2944、2869、1642、1606、1516、1477、1446、1394、1368、1317、1263、1242、1195、1162、1109、1023、969、956、867、838、796cm-1。
1H-NMR(600MHz in DMSO-d6):δ=9.19(2H、s)、6.82(2H、t)、6.75(2H、dd)、6.55(2H、dd)、3.85(4H、t)、1.66(4H、quin)、1.42(4H、m)ppm。
19F-NMR(565MHz in DMSO-d6):δ=-133.6(2F、t)ppm。
エーテル化剤1をエーテル化剤7に変更した以外は、[合成例1-1-3]と同様な方法で保護フェノール17を得た(収率92%)。
保護フェノール1を保護フェノール17に変更した以外は、[合成例1-1-4]と同様な方法でフェノール7を得た(収率87%)。
IR(D-ATR):ν=3385、2941、2923、2856、1608、1514、1479、1468、1455、1288、1276、1253、1203、1156、1110、1042、1022、988、956、842、818、802、787、748cm-1。
1H-NMR(600MHz in DMSO-d6):δ=9.18(2H、s)、6.82(2H、t)、6.74(2H、dd)、6.55(2H、dd)、3.83(4H、t)、1.66(4H、quin)、1.20-1.41(12H、m)ppm。
19F-NMR(565MHz in DMSO-d6):δ=-133.7(2F、t)ppm。
中間体フェノール1を中間体フェノール4に、エーテル化剤1をエーテル化剤7に変更した以外は、[合成例1-1-3]と同様な方法で保護フェノール18を得た(収率88%)。
保護フェノール1を保護フェノール18に変更した以外は、[合成例1-1-4]と同様な方法でフェノール8を得た(収率84%)。
IR(D-ATR):ν=3401、2942、2923、2856、1648、1616、1528、1479、1469、1459、1378、1247、1202、1148、1045、1023、1017、823、802cm-1。
1H-NMR(600MHz in DMSO-d6):δ=9.38(2H、s)、6.64(4H、m)、3.85(4H、t)、3.36(2H、t)、1.64(4H、m)、1.32-1.42(4H、m)、1.18-1.40(12H、m)ppm。
19F-NMR(565MHz in DMSO-d6):δ=-131.0(4F、d)ppm。
エーテル化剤1をエーテル化剤8に変更した以外は、[合成例1-1-3]と同様な方法で保護フェノール19を得た(収率85%)。
保護フェノール1を保護フェノール19に変更した以外は、[合成例1-1-4]と同様な方法でフェノール9を得た(収率81%)。
1H-NMR(600MHz in DMSO-d6):δ=9.22(2H、s)、6.83(2H、dd)、6.78(2H、dd)、6.57(2H、ddd)、3.95~3.98(4H、m)、3.65~3.70(4H、m)、3.50~3.56(8H、m)ppm。
19F-NMR(565MHz in DMSO-d6):δ=-136.8(2F、t)ppm。
窒素雰囲気下、シラン1(30.7g)、マグネシウム(6.7g)及びテトラヒドロフラン120mLを用いて予め調製したGrignard試薬を、内温10~30℃にて、ジブロモ体1(75.0g)、ヨウ化第一銅(0.52g)、亜リン酸トリエチル(0.96g)、テトラヒドロフラン(100mL)の溶液に滴下した。そのままの反応温度にて20時間撹拌を続けた。その後内温30℃以下にて、飽和塩化アンモニウム水溶液(200g)を加え、反応を停止した。通常の後処理方法を行い、エーテル化剤9(43.3g、収率62%)を得た。
沸点:72℃/20Pa。
エーテル化剤1をエーテル化剤9に変更した以外は、[合成例1-1-3]と同様な方法で保護フェノール20を得た(収率85%)。
保護フェノール1を保護フェノール20に変更した以外は、[合成例1-1-4]と同様な方法でフェノール10を得た(収率93%)。
1H-NMR(500MHz in DMSO-d6):δ=9.18(1H、s)、6.81(1H、t)、6.72(1H、dd)、6.53(1H、dd)、3.82(2H、t)、1.63(2H、m)、1.19-1.40(12H、m)、0.44(2H、m)、-0.06(9H、s)ppm。
19F-NMR(470MHz in DMSO-d6):δ=-133.7(1F、t)ppm。
<導電性ペースト組成物の調製>
導電性ペースト組成物を調製するためのポリウレタンとして表1、2に記載のPU1~17、比較PU1~3及び、以下の樹脂を用いた。
・フッ素ゴム(ダイキン製、G801)
・ポリエステル(ユニチカ製、UE-9200)
・銀粉A:平均粒径(DL50)は2.1μm
・銀粉B:平均粒径(DL50)は5.3μm
・銀粉C:平均粒径(DL50)は1.2μm
・銀粉D:平均粒径(DL50)は0.67μm
・銀粉E:平均粒径(DL50)は1.72μm
・銅粉A:平均粒径(DL50)は1.30μm
平均粒径の測定はレーザー回析粒度分布装置を用いて粒度分布を測定し、その積算値50%の粒径を平均粒径として求めた。
<評価サンプルの作製>
マイクロテック(株)社製スクリーン印刷機MT-320TVCを用い、ポリウレタンフィルム上に導電性ペースト組成物を塗布した後、熱風乾燥器で熱処理することで線幅10mm、長さ70mm、膜厚10μmの伸縮性導電配線を形成した。
ポリウレタンフィルム上に形成された伸縮性導電配線の両端の電気抵抗を4端子抵抗測定法で測定した。電気抵抗の測定は、ナショナルインスツルメンツ株式会社製PXIe-4136SMU抵抗測定装置により行った。
・電気抵抗(Ω)R=V/I(V:電圧、I:電流)
初期電気抵抗(非伸長状態の電気抵抗)の測定結果を表4に示す。
伸縮性導電配線が形成されたポリウレタンフィルムを撓みのない非伸長状態(0%)から20%伸長した状態で固定し、4端子抵抗測定法にて電気抵抗を測定した。
伸縮性導電配線が形成されたポリウレタンフィルムは、株式会社島津製作所製精密万能試験機AG-Xplus HSを使用し、伸縮性導電配線(長方形)の長手方向に300mm/minの速度で伸長させた。
・20%伸長時の電気抵抗変化=[20%伸長時の電気抵抗(Ω)]÷[初期電気抵抗(Ω)]×100
20%伸長時の電気抵抗変化を表4に示す。
伸縮性導電配線が形成されたポリウレタンフィルムを0%の非伸長状態から300%伸長した状態で固定し電気抵抗を測定した。
伸縮性導電配線が形成されたポリウレタンフィルムは、株式会社島津製作所製精密万能試験機AG-Xplus HSを使用し、伸縮性導電配線(長方形)の長手方向に300mm/minの速度で伸長させた。
・300%伸長時の電気抵抗変化=[300%伸長時の電気抵抗(Ω)]÷[初期電気抵抗(Ω)]×100
300%伸長時の電気抵抗変化を表4に示す。
伸縮性導電配線が形成されたポリウレタンフィルムに対して撓みのない非伸長状態(0%)から20%の伸縮を1000往復繰り返し、導電配線の電気抵抗経時変化を測定した。
繰り返し伸縮試験は、株式会社島津製作所製精密万能試験機AG-Xplus HSを使用し、伸縮性導電配線(長方形)の長手方向にポリウレタンフィルムを引張速度300mm/minで伸縮させることにより行った。
また、電気抵抗の測定は、引っ張り試験機(上記精密万能試験機AG-Xplus HS)のサンプル固定冶具の内側に電極を設置し、ナショナルインスツルメンツ株式会社製PXIe-4136SMU抵抗測定装置を用い、4端子抵抗測定法により行った。
・伸長率0~20%で1000回繰り返し伸縮した際の最大電気抵抗値変化=[繰り返し伸縮試験における最大電気抵抗(Ω)]÷[初期電気抵抗(Ω)]×100
伸長率20%で1000回繰り返し伸縮した際の最大電気抵抗変化を表4に示す。
Claims (21)
- ポリウレタンであって、下記一般式(1A)で示されるフェノール性水酸基を含有するものであることを特徴とするポリウレタン。
- 前記ポリウレタンが、更に下記一般式(2a)~(2c)で示される構造を1つ以上含むものであることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項3のいずれか1項に記載のポリウレタン。
- 請求項5に記載のポリウレタンの製造方法であって、鎖延長剤として下記一般式(3a)~(3c)で示されるアルコールを1つ以上用いてポリウレタンに弱酸性官能基を導入することを特徴とするポリウレタンの製造方法。
- (A)導電性フィラーと(B)請求項1から請求項4のいずれか1項に記載のポリウレタンと(C)溶剤とを含むものであることを特徴とする導電性ペースト組成物。
- 前記導電性ペースト組成物が、さらに(D)フェノール化合物を含むものであることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の導電性ペースト組成物。
- 前記(A)成分の導電性フィラーが、(A)成分と(B)成分の合計100質量部に対して70質量部を越える割合で含有されているものであることを特徴とする請求項7から請求項10のいずれか1項に記載の導電性ペースト組成物。
- 前記(A)成分の導電性フィラーが、金、銀、塩化銀、白金、銅、錫、鉄、マグネシウム、チタン、ニッケル、パラジウム、アルミニウム、タングステン、モリブデン、ルテニウム、クロム、インジウム、はんだ、及び炭素、又はこれらの複合体から選ばれる粉末であることを特徴とする請求項7から請求項11のいずれか一項に記載の導電性ペースト組成物。
- 前記(A)成分の導電性フィラーが銀粉であることを特徴とする請求項12に記載の導電性ペースト組成物。
- 前記(A)成分の導電性フィラーの平均粒径が5nm~10μmであることを特徴とする請求項7から請求項13のいずれか1項に記載の導電性ペースト組成物。
- 基材上に形成され、請求項7から請求項14のいずれか1項に記載の導電性ペースト組成物の焼成物からなることを特徴とする導電配線。
- 前記基材が伸縮性を有するものであることを特徴とする請求項15に記載の導電配線。
- 前記基材が熱可塑性ポリウレタンであることを特徴とする請求項16に記載の導電配線。
- 20%伸長時の電気抵抗が伸長前の電気抵抗の500%以下であることを特徴とする請求項16又は請求項17に記載の導電配線。
- 伸長率20%で1000回繰り返し伸縮した際の最大電気抵抗が、伸縮前の電気抵抗の5000%以下であることを特徴とする請求項16から請求項18のいずれか1項に記載の導電配線。
- 請求項7から請求項14のいずれか1項に記載の導電性ペースト組成物を用いて基材上に導電配線を形成する導電配線の製造方法であって、前記導電配線を形成する時の焼成温度を60~160℃とすることを特徴とする導電配線の製造方法。
- 請求項7から請求項14のいずれか1項に記載の導電性ペースト組成物を印刷することによって基材上に導電配線を形成することを特徴とする導電配線の製造方法。
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