WO2022270286A1 - 固体高分子型燃料電池シール材 - Google Patents
固体高分子型燃料電池シール材 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022270286A1 WO2022270286A1 PCT/JP2022/022781 JP2022022781W WO2022270286A1 WO 2022270286 A1 WO2022270286 A1 WO 2022270286A1 JP 2022022781 W JP2022022781 W JP 2022022781W WO 2022270286 A1 WO2022270286 A1 WO 2022270286A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- sealing material
- fuel cell
- polymer electrolyte
- carboxyl group
- electrolyte fuel
- Prior art date
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- 239000003566 sealing material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
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- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
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- VPWNQTHUCYMVMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-sulfonyldiphenol Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 VPWNQTHUCYMVMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0271—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
- H01M8/028—Sealing means characterised by their material
- H01M8/0284—Organic resins; Organic polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L15/00—Compositions of rubber derivatives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L63/00—Compositions of epoxy resins; Compositions of derivatives of epoxy resins
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a polymer electrolyte fuel cell sealing material that is excellent in hot water resistance and acid resistance, and whose sealing performance does not deteriorate even when the polymer electrolyte fuel cell is operated for a long period of time.
- a fuel cell is a power generation system that continuously supplies fuel and an oxidant, and extracts chemical energy as electric power when they undergo an electrochemical reaction.
- a fuel cell that uses this electrochemical reaction to generate electricity uses the reverse reaction of water electrolysis, in other words, a mechanism in which hydrogen and oxygen combine to produce electrons and water, and has high efficiency and excellent environmental characteristics. It has been in the limelight in recent years due to its
- Fuel cells are classified into phosphoric acid fuel cells, molten carbonate fuel cells, solid oxide fuel cells, alkaline fuel cells, and polymer electrolyte fuel cells, depending on the type of electrolyte.
- polymer electrolyte fuel cells which have advantages such as being able to start at room temperature and having an extremely short start-up time, have been attracting attention.
- the basic structure of a unit cell that constitutes this solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell is that gas diffusion electrodes having catalyst layers are joined to both sides of a solid polymer electrolyte membrane (this joined body is hereinafter referred to as MEA), and both sides of the A separator is placed in the
- a portion of each separator in contact with the MEA is provided with a gas flow path for supplying reaction gas such as fuel gas or oxidant gas to each electrode and carrying away generated water or surplus gas.
- reaction gas such as fuel gas or oxidant gas
- the supply of the reaction gas to the gas flow path formed between each separator and the MEA, the discharge of the reaction gas from the gas flow path, and the discharge of the generated water are controlled by the edge of at least one of the pair of separators.
- Through holes called manifold holes are provided in each of the manifold holes, and the inlets and outlets of the respective gas flow paths communicate with these manifold holes, respectively, so that the reaction gas is distributed from each manifold hole to each gas flow path.
- a portion of the MEA where the electrodes and the solid polymer electrolyte membrane are formed In order to prevent the fuel gas or the oxidant gas supplied to the gas flow path from leaking to the outside or the two types of gases from mixing with each other, a portion of the MEA where the electrodes and the solid polymer electrolyte membrane are formed. That is, a polymer electrolyte fuel cell sealing material is arranged between the pair of separators so as to surround the outer periphery of the power generation region. These polymer electrolyte fuel cell seals also seal around each manifold hole. For the purpose of protecting the solid electrolyte membrane, the periphery of both sides of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane may be sealed with a sealing material composed of a two-layer structure of a substrate film and an adhesive.
- Patent Literature 1 discloses a method of bonding a solid polymer electrolyte membrane by thermocompression bonding as a method of achieving good sealing properties.
- Patent Literature 2 discloses a method of improving adhesion by subjecting the surface of a solid polymer electrolyte membrane to ion exchange treatment.
- Patent Literature 3 discloses a method for improving adhesiveness by blending a fluorine atom-containing acrylic monomer in an adhesive.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and is a polymer electrolyte fuel cell that is excellent in hot water resistance and acid resistance and does not deteriorate in sealing performance even when the polymer electrolyte fuel cell is operated for a long period of time.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a sealing material.
- the present inventors found that by containing a carboxyl group-containing acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer (a) and an epoxy resin (b), a high A solid polymer that can exhibit adhesiveness and reliably seals to prevent hydrogen leakage even when the polymer electrolyte fuel cell is operated for a long time and exposed to hot water and acidic aqueous solutions of about 95°C.
- the present invention was completed by discovering that a type fuel cell sealing material can be obtained.
- a polymer electrolyte fuel cell sealing material comprising a carboxyl group-containing acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer (a) and an epoxy resin (b).
- the component (a) is a carboxyl group-containing acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer having an acrylonitrile content of 5 to 50% by mass and a carboxyl group equivalent calculated from the number average molecular weight of 100 to 20000.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a polymer electrolyte fuel cell sealing material that is excellent in hot water resistance and acid resistance and that does not deteriorate in sealing performance even when the polymer electrolyte fuel cell is operated for a long period of time. can.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell sealing material of the present invention
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell sealing material of the present invention
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell sealing material of the present invention
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example in which the polymer electrolyte fuel cell sealing material of the present invention is used in a single cell
- FIG. FIG. 4 is a diagram explaining the measurement of the adhesive strength of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell sealing material of the present invention. (a) is obtained when both sides of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane are adhered to the base material of the sealing material via the adhesive member, and (b) is obtained when two sealing materials are adhered via the adhesive member of the sealing material. It represents the real thing.
- the present invention will be described in detail below.
- the carboxyl group-containing acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer (a) used in the polymer electrolyte fuel cell sealing material (hereinafter referred to as the sealing material) of the present invention plays a role in maintaining an appropriate melt viscosity of the sealing material at the initial stage of heating. and the like, and imparts good flexibility and adhesiveness to the cured sealing material. A crack-free sealing material can be formed.
- the carboxyl group-containing acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer (a) known ones can be used without limitation.
- the solubility in the solvent and the compatibility with other components are lowered, so the resulting sealing material tends to have poor uniformity.
- the acrylonitrile content exceeds the above range, the flexibility of the obtained sealing material tends to decrease, and the sealing performance tends to deteriorate.
- the solubility in solvents is lowered, it tends to be difficult to make a paint.
- the carboxyl group equivalent calculated from the number average molecular weight of the carboxyl group-containing acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer is preferably in the range of 100 to 20,000, more preferably 200 to 10,000. If the carboxyl group equivalent is less than the above range, the reactivity with other components becomes too high, and the resulting sealing material tends to have poor storage stability. On the other hand, when the carboxyl group equivalent exceeds the above range, the reactivity with other components becomes insufficient, so that the resulting sealing material becomes less viscous and more fluid when heated. As a result, when the sealing material is heated, the viscosity of the sealing material becomes low, the sealing material tends to foam or flow out, and the thermal stability tends to deteriorate.
- the carboxyl group equivalent calculated from the number average molecular weight is obtained by dividing the number average molecular weight (Mn) by the number of carboxyl groups (number of functional groups) per molecule, and is represented by the following formula.
- Carboxyl group equivalent Mn/number of functional groups
- the epoxy resin (b) imparts hot water resistance and acid resistance to the sealing material by reacting with (a) or by reacting (b) with the curing agent.
- the epoxy resin (b) examples include bisphenol A type epoxy resin, bisphenol F type epoxy resin, bisphenol AD type epoxy resin, bisphenol S type epoxy resin, alicyclic epoxy resin, phenol novolak type epoxy resin, cresol novolak type epoxy resin, Glycidyl ether type epoxy resins and the like can be mentioned and can be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- the epoxy resin (b) preferably has a number average molecular weight of 400 to 10,000. If the number-average molecular weight is less than the above range, the reactivity with other components tends to be too high, and the resulting sealing material tends to have poor storage stability.
- the epoxy resin (b) preferably has an epoxy group equivalent weight of 200 to 5,000.
- the epoxy group equivalent is less than the above range, the reactivity with other components becomes too high, and the resulting sealing material tends to have poor storage stability.
- the above range is exceeded, reactivity with other components becomes insufficient, so that the resulting sealing material becomes less viscous and more fluid when heated. As a result, when the sealing material is heated, the viscosity of the sealing material becomes low, the sealing material tends to foam or flow out, and the thermal stability tends to decrease.
- the ratio of each component is preferably 1 to 300 parts by mass, more preferably 30 to 200 parts by mass, of component (b) per 100 parts by mass of component (a). If the amount of component (b) is less than the above range, the reactivity of the sealing material is lowered, and the insolubilization and infusibility of the sealing material are less likely to proceed even by heating, and the thermal stability tends to be lowered. On the other hand, when the above range is exceeded, the flexibility of the sealing material obtained tends to decrease and the sealing performance tends to deteriorate.
- the carboxyl group content (A) in the carboxyl-modified acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber can be determined by the content (parts by mass) of the carboxyl-modified acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber/the carboxyl group equivalent (g/eq) of the carboxyl-modified acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber.
- the epoxy group content (B) of the epoxy resin can be determined by the content of the epoxy resin (parts by mass)/the epoxy equivalent of the epoxy resin (g/eq).
- the relationship between the carboxyl group content (A) and the epoxy group content (B) is preferably epoxy group content (B) ⁇ carboxyl group content (A) ⁇ 0.1.
- reaction accelerators such as organic peroxides, imidazoles, and triphenylphosphine may be added to the sealing material. By adding these, it is also possible to control the state of the sealing material at room temperature to a good B stage. In addition, the hot water resistance and acid resistance of the sealing material to be obtained are also improved. Furthermore, a filler having an average particle diameter of 1 ⁇ m or less may be added for the purpose of controlling melt viscosity, improving thermal conductivity, imparting flame retardancy, and the like.
- fillers examples include inorganic fillers such as silica, alumina, magnesia, aluminum nitride, boron nitride, titanium oxide, calcium carbonate and aluminum hydroxide, and organic fillers such as silicone resins and fluororesins. When a filler is used, its content is preferably 1 to 40% by mass in the sealing material.
- a polymer electrolyte fuel cell sealing material 10 (hereinafter referred to as a sealing material 10) of the present invention can be a sheet-like adhesive member 1 having a rectangular frame shape. Further, the shape of the sheet-like adhesive member 1 is not limited to a rectangular frame shape, and may be appropriately selected according to the shape of the fuel cell, such as a circular frame shape.
- the adhesive member 1 of FIG. 1 contains the carboxyl group-containing acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer (a) and the epoxy resin (b). Moreover, as shown in FIG.
- the sealing material 10 may have a two-layer structure composed of the base material 2 in contact with the adhesive member 1 . Moreover, as shown in FIG. 3, the sealing material 10 may have a three-layer structure in which an adhesive member 1, a base material 2, and an adhesive layer 3 are laminated.
- the sealing material of the present invention can be produced, for example, by applying a mixture of the carboxyl group-containing acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer (a) and the epoxy resin (b) to one side of a peelable protective film to form a sheet. can be formed by a method such as cutting out in a frame shape.
- a paint is prepared comprising at least the carboxyl group-containing acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer (a), the epoxy resin (b), and a solvent. Then, this paint is applied to one side of the protective film so that the thickness of the sealing material after drying is preferably 1 to 50 ⁇ m, more preferably 3 to 20 ⁇ m, and dried.
- the sealing material In order to protect the sealing material, it is preferable to provide another peelable protective film on the sealing material formed on the protective film.
- the paint is applied on the protective film and dried. It may also be produced by a method of forming a sealing material, and further providing another protective film thereon. Note that the protective film is peeled off when the sealing material is used.
- releasable protective films include plastic films such as polyethylene, polypropylene, vinyl chloride, fluororesin, and silicone, as well as polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, paper, and the like, which are coated with silicone to impart releasability.
- the solvent used in the paint one or more of organic solvents such as hydrocarbons, alcohols, ketones, ethers, etc., water, etc. can be preferably used, and the amount used is determined so that the viscosity is appropriate for the paint. It may be adjusted appropriately so that The paint may be in the form of a solution, an emulsion, or a suspension, and may be appropriately selected according to the coating apparatus used, the environmental conditions, and the like.
- organic solvents such as hydrocarbons, alcohols, ketones, ethers, etc., water, etc.
- the paint may be in the form of a solution, an emulsion, or a suspension, and may be appropriately selected according to the coating apparatus used, the environmental conditions, and the like.
- the sealing material 10 having a two-layer structure as shown in FIG. 2 may use a base film as the base 2 instead of the protective film.
- the base film include heat-resistant plastic films made of polyimide, polyphenylene sulfide, polyethersulfone, polyetheretherketone, liquid crystal polymer, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, etc., and composite heat-resistant films such as epoxy resin-glass cloth.
- polyethylene naphthalate is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of hot water resistance, acid resistance, and cost.
- the thickness of the base film is preferably 12-125 ⁇ m, more preferably 12-50 ⁇ m.
- the resulting sealing material will be thin and easily broken by external force, which tends to cause problems during processing. If it exceeds the above range, the resulting sealing material will be thick and stiff. , the flexibility of the sealing material and the conformability to the adherend tend to decrease, and the sealing performance tends to deteriorate.
- the sealing material 10 having a three-layer structure as shown in FIG.
- the adhesive member 1 made of the paint obtained from (1) the paint constituting the adhesive layer 3 is applied on the surface of the base film opposite to the surface of the adhesive member 1 and dried.
- the adhesive layer 3 may have the same composition as the adhesive member 1, or may be another adhesive.
- thermoplastic resins include polyolefin resins such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polybutylene, styrene resins, polyoxymethylene (POM), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and polyphenylene sulfide (PPS).
- PPE polyphenylene ether
- PSU polysulfone
- PESF polyethersulfone
- PK polyketone
- PEK polyetherketone
- PEEK polyetheretherketone
- PEN polyethernitrile
- PAN Polyacrylonitrile
- thermoplastic resins may be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- Examples of rubber resins include methyl methacrylate-butadiene rubber (MBR), ethylene propylene rubber (EPR), acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), and chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSP). , chloroprene rubber (CR), isoprene rubber (IR), butyl rubber (IIR), acrylic rubber, fluororubber, silicone rubber, butadiene rubber (MBS), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), ethylene-propylene dimethyl rubber (EPDM), etc.
- MTR methyl methacrylate-butadiene rubber
- EPR ethylene propylene rubber
- NBR acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber
- SBR styrene-butadiene rubber
- CSP chlorosulfonated polyethylene
- chloroprene rubber CR
- isoprene rubber IR
- IIR butyl rubber
- Synthetic rubber such as styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) copolymer, styrene-isoprene-styrene (SIS) copolymer, olefin-based elastomer, urethane-based elastomer, polyamide-based elastomer, butadiene-based elastomer (MBS) , vinyl chloride elastomer (TPVC), and the like.
- SBS styrene-butadiene-styrene
- SIS styrene-isoprene-styrene copolymer
- olefin-based elastomer urethane-based elastomer
- polyamide-based elastomer polyamide-based elastomer
- butadiene-based elastomer MMS
- TPVC vinyl chloride elastomer
- the sealing material of the present invention is used for a single cell in a polymer electrolyte fuel cell stack, for example, for a single cell as shown in FIG. FIG. 4 shows a single cell 100 in which the sealing material 10 is in contact with both surfaces of the electrode 20 and the separator 30 is in contact with the surface of the sealing material 10 that is not in contact with the electrode 20 .
- the electrode 20 include a fuel cell membrane electrode assembly (MEA: Membrane Electrode Assembly), a fuel cell electrode membrane (CCM: Catalyst Coated Membrane), and a gas diffusion layer (GDE: Gas Diffusion Electrode).
- the separator 30 include fluorine-based resin having a perfluoroalkyl group as a main chain.
- ⁇ Carboxyl Group-Containing Acrylonitrile-Butadiene Copolymer (a)> Carboxyl group-containing acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer: number average molecular weight 300,000, carboxyl group equivalent calculated from number average molecular weight 1500 g/eq, acrylonitrile content 27% by mass ⁇ Epoxy resin (b)> ⁇ Bisphenol A type epoxy resin: number average molecular weight 900, epoxy group equivalent weight 450 g / eq - Bisphenol A type epoxy resin: number average molecular weight 5500, epoxy group equivalent weight 3000 g/eq ⁇ Trifunctional epoxy resin: number average molecular weight 630, functional group equivalent weight 210 g / eq ⁇ Other ingredients> - Reaction accelerator: imidazole compound (2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole) ⁇ Acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer: number average molecular weight 300,000, acryl
- Adhesion evaluation (I) (1-1) Preparation of Test Body Two sheets were prepared by cutting the sealing material obtained in each example into a width of 25 mm and a length of 100 mm. Separately, a solid polymer electrolyte membrane (manufactured by DuPont, trade name: Nafion membrane) was prepared and cut into a width of 25 mm and a length of 80 mm. Next, these members were adhered as shown in FIG. 5(a). As shown in FIG. 5(a), a test specimen was obtained by affixing, using a roll laminator, sealing materials 10 each having an adhesive member 1 in contact with both surfaces of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 11. did.
- the lamination conditions at that time were a temperature of 50° C., a pressure of 4 N/cm, and a pressing speed of 1 m/min.
- the length ⁇ of the contact between the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 11 and the adhesive member 1 is 80 mm. Note that the portion ⁇ of the sealing material 10 not adhered to the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 11 in FIG. A polyimide film (not shown) was adhered to the adhesive member 1 and then fixed to a universal tensile tester to measure the adhesive strength.
- Adhesion evaluation (II) (2-1) Preparation of Test Body Two sheets were prepared by cutting the sealing material obtained in each example into a width of 25 mm and a length of 100 mm. Next, these two sheets were adhered as shown in FIG. 5(b). As shown in FIG. 5(b), the adhesive members 1 of the sealing material 10 were brought into contact with each other and adhered using a roll laminator to obtain a test specimen. The length ⁇ at which the adhesive members 1 are brought into contact with each other was set to 80 mm. The lamination conditions at that time were a temperature of 100° C., a pressure of 4 N/cm, and a compression speed of 1 m/min. The portion ⁇ of the sealing material 10 to which the adhesive member 1 is not adhered in (b) of FIG. After sticking the polyimide film to the adhesive member 1, it was fixed to a universal tensile tester, and the adhesive strength was measured.
- the sealing materials of Examples 1 to 7 had a mass change rate of less than 10% in the mass change-acid resistance test 750H, showing a small change and excellent heat and acid resistance.
- the sealing materials of Comparative Examples 1 to 4 had a mass change rate of 10% or more in the mass change-acid resistance test 750H, and it was confirmed that there was a problem in practical use as a sealing material because they were inferior in heat and acid resistance. was done.
- the polymer electrolyte fuel cell sealing material of the present invention is excellent in hot water resistance and acid resistance, and maintains high sealing properties, so that it can be operated for a long period of time in a hot water environment. .
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Abstract
Description
各セパレータとMEAとの間に形成されるガス流路への反応ガスの供給、ガス流路からの反応ガス、及び、生成水の排出は、一対のセパレータのうちの少なくとも1つのセパレータの縁部にマニホールド孔と呼ばれる貫通した孔をそれぞれ設け、それぞれのガス流路の出入り口をこれらのマニホールド孔にそれぞれ連通して、各マニホールド孔から各ガス流路に反応ガスを分配することによって行われる。
これに対して特許文献1には、良好なシール性を達成する方法として、熱圧着により固体高分子電解質膜を接着させる方法が開示されている。また、特許文献2には、固体高分子電解質膜の表面をイオン交換処理することにより、接着性を向上させる方法が開示されている。更に、特許文献3には、接着剤にフッ素原子含有アクリルモノマーを配合することにより、接着性を向上させる方法が開示されている。
しかしながら、いずれの方法も、固体高分子電解質膜の周囲を確実にシールすることは困難であった。とりわけ、固体高分子型燃料電池を長時間駆動したときに、固体高分子型燃料電池シール材は95℃程度の熱水に晒されるが、このような熱水環境下において水素漏れが発生しないように高いシール性を維持することは困難であった。
[1]カルボキシル基含有アクリロニトリル-ブタジエン共重合体(a)と、エポキシ樹脂(b)とを含有することを特徴とする固体高分子型燃料電池シール材。
[2]前記(a)成分は、アクリロニトリル含有量が5~50質量%で、かつ、数平均分子量から算出されるカルボキシル基当量が100~20000のカルボキシル基含有アクリロニトリル-ブタジエン共重合体であることを特徴とする[1]に記載の固体高分子型燃料電池シール材。
[3]前記(b)成分は、数平均分子量が400~10000で、かつ、エポキシ基当量が200~5000のエポキシ樹脂であることを特徴とする[1]に記載の固体高分子型燃料電池シール材。
[4]前記(a)成分100質量部に対し、前記(b)成分が1~300質量部であることを特徴とする[1]に記載の固体高分子型燃料電池シール材。
本発明の固体高分子型燃料電池シール材(以下、シール材と称する)に用いられるカルボキシル基含有アクリロニトリル-ブタジエン共重合体(a)は、加熱初期におけるシール材の溶融粘度を適度に維持する役割などを果たすとともに、硬化したシール材に対して良好な柔軟性、接着性を付与するものであって、これを含有することによって、固体高分子電解質膜、電極およびセパレータへの密着性がよく、割れのないシール材を形成することができる。カルボキシル基含有アクリロニトリル-ブタジエン共重合体(a)としては、公知のものを制限なく使用できるが、アクリロニトリル含有量が5~50質量%のものが好ましく、10~40質量%のものがより好ましい。アクリロニトリル含有量が上記範囲未満であると、溶媒への溶解性や他の成分との相溶性が低下するため、得られるシール材の均一性が悪化する傾向がある。一方、アクリロニトリル含有量が上記範囲を超えると、得られるシール材の柔軟性が低下し、シール性能が悪化する傾向がある。加えて、溶媒への溶解性が低下するため、塗料化が困難になる傾向がある。
なお、数平均分子量から算出されるカルボキシル基当量とは、数平均分子量(Mn)を1分子当たりのカルボキシル基数(官能基数)で除したものであって、下記式で示される。
カルボキシル基当量=Mn/官能基数
さらに、エポキシ樹脂(b)は、エポキシ基当量が200~5000であることが好ましい。エポキシ基当量が上記範囲未満であると他の成分との反応性が高くなりすぎ、得られるシール材の保存安定性が低下する傾向にある。上記範囲を超えると、他の成分との反応性が不足するため、得られるシール材は、熱により低粘度化および流動しやすくなる。その結果、シール材が加熱された際に、シール材が低粘度化し、シール材で発泡を起こしたり、流れ出したりしやすく、熱安定性が低下する傾向にある。
ここで、カルボキシル変性アクリロニトリルブタジエンゴムにおけるカルボキシル基含有量(A)は、カルボキシル変性アクリロニトリルブタジエンゴムの含有量(質量部)/カルボキシル変性アクリロニトリルブタジエンゴムのカルボキシル基当量(g/eq)で求めることができる。また、エポキシ樹脂のエポキシ基含有量(B)は、エポキシ樹脂の含有量(質量部)/エポキシ樹脂のエポキシ当量(g/eq)で求めることができる。
本発明では、上記カルボキシル基含有量(A)とエポキシ基含有量(B)との関係が、エポキシ基含有量(B)≧カルボキシル基含有量(A)×0.1であることが好ましい。エポキシ基含有量(B)<カルボキシル基含有量(A)×0.1の場合は、シール材の反応性が低下し、加熱によっても不溶不融化が進行しにくくなり、熱安定性が低下する傾向がある。
さらに、溶融粘度のコントロール、熱伝導性向上、難燃性付与などの目的のために、平均粒径1μm以下のフィラーを添加してもよい。フィラーとしては、シリカ、アルミナ、マグネシア、窒化アルミニウム、窒化ホウ素、酸化チタン、炭酸カルシウム、水酸化アルミニウム等の無機フィラー、シリコーン樹脂、フッ素樹脂等の有機フィラーなどが挙げられる。フィラーを使用する場合には、その含有量は、シール材中、1~40質量%とすることが好ましい。
図1~図3は、本発明の固体高分子型燃料電池シール材の一例を示す斜視図である。
本発明の固体高分子型燃料電池シール材10(以下、シール材10という)は、図1に示すように、形状が矩形枠状となるシート状の接着部材1を挙げることができる。また、シート状の接着部材1の形状は、矩形枠状に限らず、円形枠状など燃料電池の形状に合わせて適宜選択される。図1の接着部材1は、前記カルボキシル基含有アクリロニトリル-ブタジエン共重合体(a)及び前記エポキシ樹脂(b)を含有する。
また、シール材10は、図2に示すように、接着部材1に当接された基材2からなる2層構成のものでもよい。また、シール材10は、図3に示すように、接着部材1、基材2及び接着剤層3が積層された3層構成のものでもよい。
このようなシール材を製造する場合には、まず、少なくとも前記カルボキシル基含有アクリロニトリル-ブタジエン共重合体(a)及び前記エポキシ樹脂(b)と溶媒とからなる塗料を調製する。ついで、この塗料を保護フィルムの片面に、乾燥後のシール材の厚さが好ましくは1~50μm、より好ましくは3~20μmになるように塗布し、乾燥すればよい。また、シール材の保護のために、保護フィルム上に形成されたシール材上に、さらに他の剥離性の保護フィルムを設けることが好ましく、その場合には、保護フィルム上に塗料を塗布、乾燥してシール材を形成し、その上に更に他の保護フィルムを設ける方法で製造してもよい。なお、保護フィルムは、シール材の使用時には剥離されるものである。
該接着剤層3としては、前記接着部材1と同様組成であってもよいし、他の接着剤であってもよい。
上記の熱可塑性樹脂としては、例えば、ポリエチレン(PE)、ポリプロピレン(PP)、ポリブチレン等のポリオレフィン系樹脂やスチレン系樹脂、ポリオキシメチレン(POM)、ポリ塩化ビニル(PVC)、ポリフェニレンスルフィド(PPS)、ポリフェニレンエーテル(PPE)、変性PPE、ポリスルホン(PSU)、ポリエーテルスルホン(PESF)、ポリケトン(PK)、ポリエーテルケトン(PEK)、ポリエーテルエーテルケトン(PEEK)、ポリエーテルニトリル(PEN)、およびポリアクリロニトリル(PAN)が挙げられる。特に好ましいのは、超高分子量ポリエチレン、ポリフェニレンスルフィド、ポリスルホン、ポリエーテルニトリル、およびポリアクリロニトリル等を挙げることができる。これら熱可塑性樹脂は、1種単独で、または2種以上を組み合わせて使用してもよい。
図4は、単セル100であって、電極20の両面にシール材10が当接され、更にシール材10の電極20に当接されていない面に、セパレータ30が当接される。電極20としては、燃料電池用膜電極接合体(MEA:Membrane Electrode Assembly)や燃料電池用電極膜(CCM:Catalyst Coated Membrane)やガス拡散層(GDE:Gas Diffusion Electrode)を挙げることができる。セパレータ30としては、パーフルオロアルキル基を主鎖とするフッ素系樹脂などを挙げることができる。
[実施例1~7および比較例1~4]
(シール材の作製)
表1に示す質量比率で、(a)成分、(b)成分及びその他成分と溶媒であるメチルエチルケトン(MEK)とを混合して、接着部材用の塗料を調製した。
ついで、この塗料を厚さ25μmのポリエチレンナフタレートフィルムの片面に、乾燥後の厚さが20μmとなるよう塗布後、100℃に設定した熱風循環型オーブン中で乾燥し、ポリエチレンナフタレートフィルムの片面に接着部材が積層されたシール材を得た。
なお、使用した各成分の詳細は以下の通りである。
・カルボキシル基含有アクリロニトリル-ブタジエン共重合体:数平均分子量30万、数平均分子量より算出されるカルボキシル基当量1500g/eq、アクリロニトリル含有量27質量%
<エポキシ樹脂(b)>
・ビスフェノールA型エポキシ樹脂:数平均分子量900、エポキシ基当量450g/eq
・ビスフェノールA型エポキシ樹脂:数平均分子量5500、エポキシ基当量3000g/eq
・3官能エポキシ樹脂:数平均分子量630、官能基当量210g/eq
<その他成分>
・反応促進剤:イミダゾール化合物(2-エチル-4-メチルイミダゾール)
・アクリロニトリル-ブタジエン共重合体:数平均分子量30万、アクリロニトリル含有量27質量%
・カルボキシル基含有ポリエステル樹脂:数平均分子量2万、カルボキシル基当量18000g/eq
・エチレン-アクリル酸メチル-グリシジルメタクリレート共重合体:数平均分子量15万、官能基当量:2500g/eq
(1)接着評価(I)
(1-1)試験体の作製
各例で得られたシール材を幅25mm×長さ100mmに裁断したシート2枚を用意した。
また、これとは別に固体高分子電解質膜(DuPont社製、商品名:ナフィオン膜)を用意し、幅25mm×長さ80mmに裁断した。
次に、これらの部材を図5中の(a)のように貼着させた。図5中の(a)に示すように、上記の固体高分子電解質膜11の両面に接着部材1を当接させたシール材10を、ロールラミネータを使用して貼り付けたものを試験体とした。その際のラミネート条件は、温度50℃、圧力4N/cm、圧着速度1m/分とした。固体高分子電解質膜11と接着部材1とを当接させた長さαは80mmである。
なお、図5中の(a)におけるシール材10の固体高分子電解質膜11に貼着していない部分βは、次で述べる万能引張試験機に固定する際の取り付け部であって、該βには図示しないポリイミドフィルムを接着部材1に貼着した後に万能引張試験機に固定し、接着強度を測定した。
上述の(1-1)における試験体を95℃の硫酸水溶液(pH2)に浸漬しないでそのまま万能引張試験機を使用してT字ピール強度を測定した。すなわち、図5中の(a)における上部のβを図の上方向に引っ張ると同時に、下部のβを図の下方向に引っ張って測定した。引張速度は50mm/分とした。
当該接着強度の結果を、表2の接着評価(I)-初期接着強度に記した。
なお、接着強度の数値が大きいほど接着力に優れていることを示す。
上述の(1-1)における試験体を95℃の硫酸水溶液(pH2)に250時間浸漬した後、試験体表面の水分をふきとり、25℃/50%RHの環境下で1時間静置した。その後、前記の(1-2)と同様にしてT字ピール強度を実施した。その結果を表2の接着評価(I)-耐酸試験250Hに記した。
試験結果の評価は次のように行った。
良好(A):浸漬後の試験体が、固体電解質膜と接着部材との間で界面剥離していない。且つ、T字ピール測定での破壊形態が、固体電解質膜の層内で破壊が生じているが、固体電解質膜と接着部材との間で界面剥離が生じていない。
不良(X):浸漬後の試験体が、固体電解質膜と接着部材との間で界面剥離が生じているか、または、T字ピール測定での破壊形態が、固体電解質膜と接着部材との間で界面剥離が生じている。
上述の(1-1)における試験体を95℃の硫酸水溶液(pH2)に500時間浸漬した後、試験体表面の水分をふきとり、25℃/50%RHの環境下で1時間静置した。その後、前記の(1-2)と同様にしてT字ピール強度を実施した。その結果を表2の接着評価(I)-耐酸試験500Hに記した。試験結果の評価は、前記(1-3)と同様に行った。
上述の(1-1)における試験体を95℃の硫酸水溶液(pH2)に750時間浸漬した後、試験体表面の水分をふきとり、25℃/50%RHの環境下で1時間静置した。その後、前記の(1-2)と同様にしてT字ピール強度を実施した。その結果を表2の接着評価(I)-耐酸試験750Hに記した。試験結果の評価は、前記(1-3)と同様に行った。
(2-1)試験体の作製
各例で得られたシール材を幅25mm×長さ100mmに裁断したシート2枚を用意した。
次に、これらのシート2枚を図5中の(b)のように貼着させた。図5中の(b)に示すように、シール材10の接着部材1を互いに当接させ、ロールラミネータを使用して貼り付けたものを試験体とした。接着部材1を互いに当接させる長さαは80mmとした。また、その際のラミネート条件は、温度100℃、圧力4N/cm、圧着速度1m/分とした。
なお、図5中の(b)におけるシール材10の接着部材1が貼着していない部分βは、次で述べる万能引張試験機に固定する際の取り付け部であって、該βには図示しないポリイミドフィルムを接着部材1に貼着した後に万能引張試験機に固定し、接着強度を測定した。
上述の(2-1)における試験体を95℃の硫酸水溶液(pH2)に浸漬しないでそのまま万能引張試験機を使用してT字ピール強度を測定した。すなわち、図5中の(b)における上部のβを図の上方向に引っ張ると同時に、下部のβを図の下方向に引っ張って測定した。引張速度は50mm/分とした。
当該接着強度の結果を、表2の接着評価(II)-初期接着強度に記した。
なお、接着強度の数値が大きいほど接着力に優れていることを示す。
上述の(2-1)における試験体を95℃の硫酸水溶液(pH2)に250時間浸漬した後、試験体表面の水分をふきとり、25℃/50%RHの環境下で1時間静置した。その後、前記の(2-2)と同様にしてT字ピール強度を実施した。その結果を表2の接着評価(II)-耐酸試験250Hに記した。
試験結果の評価は、接着強度が0.8N/cm以上を良好(A)、0.8N/cm未満を不良(X)とした。
上述の(2-1)における試験体を95℃の硫酸水溶液(pH2)に500時間浸漬した後、前記の(2-2)と同様にしてT字ピール強度を実施した。その結果を表2の接着評価B-耐酸試験500Hに記した。試験結果の評価は、前記(2-3)と同様に行った。
上述の(2-1)における試験体を95℃の硫酸水溶液(pH2)に750時間浸漬した後、試験体表面の水分をふきとり、25℃/50%RHの環境下で1時間静置した。その後、前記の(2-2)と同様にしてT字ピール強度を実施した。その結果を表2の接着評価(II)-耐酸試験750Hに記した。試験結果の評価は、前記(2-3)と同様に行った。
(3-1)試験体の作製
また、各例で得られたシール材を2枚用意し、ロールラミネータを使用して、その接着剤層同士が重なるように貼り合わせた。その際のラミネート条件は、温度100℃、圧力4N/cm、圧着速度1m/分とした。それから、上記サンプルを50mm×50mmとなるように裁断し、これを試験体とした。
上述の(3-1)における試験体を95℃の硫酸水溶液(pH2)に250時間浸漬する前と浸漬した後の質量を測定し、次の式に基づいて質量変化率を求めた。
質量変化率=[浸漬した前の試験体質量/浸漬した後の試験体質量]×100(%)
浸漬した後の試験体としては、試験体を95℃の硫酸水溶液(pH2)に250時間浸漬した後に、試験体表面の水分をふきとり、25℃/50%RHの環境下で1時間静置したものを使用した。
試験結果の評価は、質量変化率が5%以下であれば良好(A)、質量変化率が5%以上10%未満であれば可(B)、質量変化率が10%以上であれば不良(X)として、表2の質量変化-耐酸試験250Hに記した。
上述の(3-1)における試験体を95℃の硫酸水溶液(pH2)に500時間浸漬した後、試験体表面の水分をふきとり、25℃/50%RHの環境下で1時間静置した。その後、前記の(3-2)と同様にして質量変化率を求めた。その結果を表2の質量変化-耐酸試験500Hに記した。試験結果の評価は、前記(3-2)と同様に行った。
上述の(3-1)における試験体を95℃の硫酸水溶液(pH2)に750時間浸漬した後、試験体表面の水分をふきとり、25℃/50%RHの環境下で1時間静置した。その後、前記の(3-2)と同様にして質量変化率を求めた。その結果を表2の質量変化-耐酸試験750Hに記した。試験結果の評価は、前記(3-2)と同様に行った。
一方、比較例1~3のシール材では接着評価(I)-耐酸試験750Hにおいて、固体電解質膜と接着部材との間で剥離していたり、T字ピール測定での破壊形態が、固体電解質膜と接着部材との間で界面剥離が生じていた。また、比較例1、比較例2及び比較例4のシール材では接着評価(II)-耐酸試験750Hにおいて接着強度が0.8N/cm未満であり、耐熱・耐酸性に劣りシール材としては実用上問題があることが確認された。
2 基材
3 接着剤層
10 固体高分子型燃料電池シール材
Claims (4)
- カルボキシル基含有アクリロニトリル-ブタジエン共重合体(a)と、エポキシ樹脂(b)とを含有することを特徴とする固体高分子型燃料電池シール材。
- 前記(a)成分は、アクリロニトリル含有量が5~50質量%で、かつ、数平均分子量から算出されるカルボキシル基当量が100~20000のカルボキシル基含有アクリロニトリル-ブタジエン共重合体であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の固体高分子型燃料電池シール材。
- 前記(b)成分は、数平均分子量が400~10000で、かつ、エポキシ基当量が200~5000のエポキシ樹脂であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の固体高分子型燃料電池シール材。
- 前記(a)成分100質量部に対し、前記(b)成分が1~300質量部であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の固体高分子型燃料電池シール材。
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CN202280041789.8A CN117501484A (zh) | 2021-06-21 | 2022-06-06 | 固体高分子型燃料电池密封材料 |
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JPH06119928A (ja) | 1992-10-02 | 1994-04-28 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 固体高分子電解質燃料電池スタック |
JPH09199145A (ja) | 1996-01-22 | 1997-07-31 | Toyota Motor Corp | 燃料電池および燃料電池の製造方法 |
JP2004507063A (ja) * | 2000-08-23 | 2004-03-04 | ダナ・コーポレーション | 燃料電池アセンブリ用エポキシニトリル絶縁体および密封体 |
JP2004269782A (ja) | 2003-03-11 | 2004-09-30 | Shin Etsu Chem Co Ltd | 固体高分子型燃料電池用接着剤 |
JP2005047262A (ja) * | 2003-07-11 | 2005-02-24 | Kokoku Intech Co Ltd | 基材入りゴム部材の製造方法及び基材入りゴム部材 |
CN112048250A (zh) * | 2020-08-14 | 2020-12-08 | 上海文施绿极科技有限公司 | 用于燃料电池的快速固化胶带及其制造方法 |
CN113555577A (zh) * | 2021-07-02 | 2021-10-26 | 南方科技大学 | 复合双极板及其制备方法 |
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2022
- 2022-06-06 WO PCT/JP2022/022781 patent/WO2022270286A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2022-06-06 EP EP22828203.4A patent/EP4349906A1/en active Pending
- 2022-06-06 CN CN202280041789.8A patent/CN117501484A/zh active Pending
- 2022-06-06 JP JP2023529788A patent/JPWO2022270286A1/ja active Pending
- 2022-06-06 US US18/567,177 patent/US20240313235A1/en active Pending
- 2022-06-06 KR KR1020237039898A patent/KR20240024785A/ko unknown
Patent Citations (7)
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JPH06119928A (ja) | 1992-10-02 | 1994-04-28 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 固体高分子電解質燃料電池スタック |
JPH09199145A (ja) | 1996-01-22 | 1997-07-31 | Toyota Motor Corp | 燃料電池および燃料電池の製造方法 |
JP2004507063A (ja) * | 2000-08-23 | 2004-03-04 | ダナ・コーポレーション | 燃料電池アセンブリ用エポキシニトリル絶縁体および密封体 |
JP2004269782A (ja) | 2003-03-11 | 2004-09-30 | Shin Etsu Chem Co Ltd | 固体高分子型燃料電池用接着剤 |
JP2005047262A (ja) * | 2003-07-11 | 2005-02-24 | Kokoku Intech Co Ltd | 基材入りゴム部材の製造方法及び基材入りゴム部材 |
CN112048250A (zh) * | 2020-08-14 | 2020-12-08 | 上海文施绿极科技有限公司 | 用于燃料电池的快速固化胶带及其制造方法 |
CN113555577A (zh) * | 2021-07-02 | 2021-10-26 | 南方科技大学 | 复合双极板及其制备方法 |
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