WO2022270225A1 - 溶鋼の精錬方法 - Google Patents
溶鋼の精錬方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022270225A1 WO2022270225A1 PCT/JP2022/021633 JP2022021633W WO2022270225A1 WO 2022270225 A1 WO2022270225 A1 WO 2022270225A1 JP 2022021633 W JP2022021633 W JP 2022021633W WO 2022270225 A1 WO2022270225 A1 WO 2022270225A1
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- molten steel
- vacuum chamber
- plasma
- gas
- circulating
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 201
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 201
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000009832 plasma treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese oxide Inorganic materials [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- PPNAOCWZXJOHFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Mn+2] PPNAOCWZXJOHFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 abstract description 52
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 52
- 238000009849 vacuum degassing Methods 0.000 abstract description 28
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 abstract description 20
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000006392 deoxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 16
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 9
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003009 desulfurizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000700 radioactive tracer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001021 Ferroalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003631 expected effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- -1 hydrogen ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009847 ladle furnace Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/10—Handling in a vacuum
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a refining method for producing molten steel with a low content of impurity elements oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur.
- the present invention relates to a refining method that irradiates molten steel as plasma gas.
- Non-metallic inclusions in steel materials are generally known to adversely affect material properties and quality.
- oxide-based non-metallic inclusions clog submerged nozzles in continuous casting, reducing productivity due to a decrease in casting speed and, in the worst case, interrupting casting.
- Examples of non-metallic inclusions include oxide-based deoxidation products generated during deoxidation of molten steel, sulfides and nitrides of alloying elements in steel, and the like.
- inclusions In order to reduce the amount of these non-metallic inclusions (hereinafter also simply referred to as "inclusions"), it is important to reduce oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur in molten steel as much as possible, and various efforts have been made in the past. It's here.
- oxygen in the molten steel by adding a deoxidizer such as aluminum (Al) or silicon (Si), dissolved oxygen in the molten steel is fixed as Al 2 O 3 or SiO 2 .
- the generated oxide-based inclusions are floated and removed by gas stirring treatment of molten steel, circulation treatment in an RH vacuum degassing device, etc., utilizing the difference in specific gravity from molten steel.
- Nitrogen in molten steel is reduced by vacuum processing in vacuum degassing equipment.
- nitrogen in molten steel is affected by surface-active elements such as oxygen and sulfur, and it is difficult to avoid absorption of nitrogen by atmospheric entrainment from outside the vacuum system. The current situation is that there is none.
- Sulfur in molten steel is reduced by adding CaO-based flux or CaO—Al 2 O 3 -based flux (addition of desulfurizing agent).
- CaO-based flux or CaO—Al 2 O 3 -based flux addition of desulfurizing agent.
- argon gas is blown into the molten steel from the bottom of the ladle and stirred to promote the reaction between the molten steel in the ladle and the CaO—Al 2 O 3 system flux, and the flux Sulfur is moved to the side (slag side) to reduce sulfur in the molten steel.
- arc heating is performed by graphite electrodes, carbon is dissolved in the molten steel, and it is difficult to apply the treatment to steel grades such as ultra-low carbon steel.
- the RH vacuum degassing apparatus there is a method of desulfurizing by adding a CaO-based flux or a CaO--Al 2 O 3 -based flux to the molten steel circulating in the vacuum chamber. Furthermore, desulfurization is performed by projecting (spraying) CaO-based flux or CaO-Al 2 O 3 -based flux from a top-blowing lance onto the molten steel circulating in the vacuum chamber using an inert gas such as argon gas as a carrier gas. There is a way. However, with these methods, the reaction time between molten steel and flux is not sufficient, and it is difficult to efficiently obtain molten steel with a low sulfur concentration.
- the use of hydrogen plasma is known as a refining technology that reduces impurities in metals. Since the temperature in the plasma reaches several thousand degrees or more, the hydrogen gas in the plasma gas becomes atoms or ions and becomes very active. By irradiating the surface of molten steel with this, an excellent refining effect that cannot be achieved by normal hydrogen gas irradiation alone can be expected. That is, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur in molten steel can be rapidly removed by the reactions of formulas (5) to (7) shown below.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a plasma gas for reducing oxygen, nitrogen, or carbon in metals when melting metals using hydrogen plasma.
- the preferred ranges of the hydrogen concentration and the pressure inside the furnace are disclosed.
- Patent Document 1 there are the following problems in applying the technology of Patent Document 1 to an industrial-scale steelmaking process.
- Patent Document 1 the refining effect is described when several tens of grams to several tens of kilograms of metal is treated in a plasma melting furnace.
- it is necessary to process molten steel exceeding 100 tons, and it is difficult to irradiate the entire molten steel with plasma gas. Therefore, there is a concern that the technology disclosed in Patent Document 1 cannot obtain a rapid impurity removal effect.
- it is important to optimize not only the plasma conditions but also the flow conditions on the molten steel side and perform the hydrogen plasma treatment efficiently.
- Patent Document 1 does not specify the amount of metal to be applied with hydrogen plasma or the relationship between the amount of metal and the plasma gas flow rate. Therefore, even if the plasma gas composition and atmospheric pressure are appropriately controlled, there may be cases where the plasma gas flow rate and the amount of hydrogen are insufficient with respect to the amount of metal, and a sufficient effect of reducing impurities cannot be obtained. Furthermore, Patent Document 1 is not a technique of applying hydrogen plasma to already molten iron, but also has a role of heating and melting a target metal by plasma. Therefore, even if the disclosed plasma gas conditions are applied to steel that has already been melted, as in the steelmaking process, there is concern that the same expected effects may not be obtained.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and its object is to perform refining reactions such as deoxidation, denitrification, and desulfurization when hydrogen plasma is applied to molten steel in an RH vacuum degassing apparatus in a steelmaking process.
- refining reactions such as deoxidation, denitrification, and desulfurization when hydrogen plasma is applied to molten steel in an RH vacuum degassing apparatus in a steelmaking process.
- the gist of the present invention for solving the above problems is as follows.
- the surface of the molten steel circulating in the vacuum chamber of the RH vacuum degasser is coated with the vacuum
- a plasma treatment is performed by irradiating hydrogen gas or an inert gas containing hydrogen gas as plasma gas from a plasma generator installed in the tank under conditions that satisfy the following formula (1).
- a method for refining molten steel which reduces the content of one or more elements selected from oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur.
- GP is the plasma gas flow rate (Nm 3 /min)
- (H 2 ) is the hydrogen gas concentration (volume %) in the plasma gas
- Q is the reflux rate of molten steel circulating in the vacuum chamber ( ton/min).
- V is the surface flow velocity of molten steel circulating in the vacuum chamber (m/min)
- GP is the plasma gas flow rate (Nm 3 /min)
- ⁇ is the circular constant
- L is the ascending immersion
- Q is the recirculation amount of molten steel circulating in the vacuum chamber (ton/min)
- ⁇ is the density of the molten steel (kg/m 3 )
- H is The molten steel height (m) in the vacuum chamber
- d is the inner diameter (m) of the vacuum chamber.
- the slag floating on the surface of the molten steel contained in the ladle has a total concentration of iron oxides and manganese oxides of 5% by mass or less.
- hydrogen plasma treatment can be appropriately performed on molten steel being refined by an RH vacuum degasser. have beneficial effects.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of an RH vacuum degassing apparatus, showing an example of a form in which hydrogen plasma processing is performed in the RH vacuum degassing apparatus;
- the method for refining molten steel according to the present invention includes a step of refining molten steel contained in a ladle by flowing it back to the vacuum chamber of the RH vacuum degasser, wherein the plasma is installed in the vacuum chamber of the RH vacuum degasser.
- plasma hydrogen gas or a mixed gas of plasma hydrogen gas and inert gas is irradiated as plasma gas onto the surface of the molten steel circulating in the vacuum chamber.
- One or more elements selected from oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur are removed to reduce the content.
- irradiating the molten steel surface with hydrogen gas or an inert gas containing hydrogen gas as plasma gas is referred to as "plasma treatment” or "hydrogen plasma treatment”.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic vertical cross-sectional view of an RH vacuum degassing apparatus, showing an example of a form in which plasma processing is performed in the RH vacuum degassing apparatus.
- 1 is a RH vacuum degassing device
- 2 is a ladle
- 3 is molten steel
- 4 is slag
- 5 is a vacuum tank
- 6 is an upper tank
- 7 is a lower tank
- 8 is an ascending dip tube
- 9 is 10 is a circulating gas blowing pipe
- 11 is a duct
- 12 is a raw material inlet
- 13 is a plasma torch.
- the vacuum chamber 5 is composed of an upper chamber 6 and a lower chamber 7 .
- the plasma torch 13 is a device that constitutes a part of the plasma generator, and is a device that irradiates plasma gas onto the surface of the molten steel 3 that circulates in the vacuum chamber from its tip to carry out hydrogen plasma treatment. .
- the plasma torch 13 is installed through the upper part of the vacuum chamber 5 and is vertically movable inside the vacuum chamber 5 .
- the ladle 2 containing the molten steel 3 is raised by a lifting device (not shown), and the ascending immersion pipe 8 and the descending immersion pipe 9 are immersed in the molten steel 3 in the ladle. Then, the inside of the vacuum chamber 5 is evacuated by an exhaust device (not shown) connected to the duct 11 to decompress the inside of the vacuum chamber 5, and the gas is discharged from the recirculation gas blowing pipe 10 to the inside of the rising side immersion pipe 8. Blow in reflux gas.
- the pressure inside the vacuum chamber 5 is reduced, the molten steel 3 in the ladle rises in proportion to the difference between the atmospheric pressure and the pressure (degree of vacuum) in the vacuum chamber and flows into the vacuum chamber.
- the molten steel 3 in the ladle rises up the ascending dip tube 8 together with the reflux gas and flows into the vacuum chamber 5 due to the gas lift effect of the reflux gas blown from the reflux gas blowing pipe 10 .
- Argon gas is generally used as the reflux gas.
- the molten steel 3 that has flowed into the vacuum chamber 5 due to the pressure difference and gas lift effect returns to the ladle 2 via the descending immersion pipe 9 .
- the flow of molten steel that flows from the ladle 2 into the vacuum chamber 5 and then returns from the vacuum chamber 5 to the ladle 2 is called "reflux.”
- the molten steel 3 forms a reflux, and the molten steel 3 is subjected to RH vacuum degassing refining.
- the molten steel 3 is exposed to the atmosphere under reduced pressure in the vacuum tank, and the gas components such as hydrogen and nitrogen in the molten steel are in equilibrium with the atmosphere under reduced pressure due to the equilibrium relationship in the state of contact with the atmosphere. Transition to a contacting equilibrium relationship. As a result, hydrogen and nitrogen move from the molten steel 3 into the atmosphere in the vacuum chamber, and the molten steel 3 is degassed (dehydrogenation and denitrification).
- the molten steel 3 is circulated between the ladle 2 and the vacuum tank 5, that is, the molten steel 3 is strongly stirred, if the molten steel 3 is deoxidized with aluminum or the like, Separation of the suspended oxide-based inclusions generated by the deoxidizing treatment from the molten steel 3 to the slag 4 is promoted.
- hydrogen gas or hydrogen gas is supplied from the plasma torch 13 to the surface of the molten steel 3 circulating in the vacuum chamber. is irradiated as a plasma gas. Since the temperature in the plasma reaches several thousand degrees or more, the hydrogen gas in the plasma gas becomes atoms or ions and becomes very active. By irradiating the molten steel surface with active hydrogen in an atomic or ionic state, the following reactions of formulas (5), (6), and (7) are formed, and oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur in the molten steel are increased. It can be removed more quickly.
- the plasma torch 13 is one of the devices that uses a DC power source and generates arc plasma in a form suitable for various applications stably and with good controllability by the action of an air flow, a water-cooled nozzle, or the like.
- the above-mentioned plasma torch using a DC power supply has a non-transfer type and a transfer type. Since the non-transfer type plasma torch does not require an electrode on the molten steel side, there are few facility restrictions and the installation cost is low. From this point of view, a non-transfer type plasma torch using direct current arc discharge is used. is preferred.
- the plasma generator is not particularly limited as long as it can be installed in the vacuum chamber of the RH vacuum degassing device 1 and can stably supply hydrogen plasma to the molten steel 3 .
- electrodes for generating an AC arc are provided in the vacuum chamber of the RH vacuum degassing apparatus 1, hydrogen gas or an inert gas containing hydrogen is supplied between the electrodes, and the hydrogen gas or the inert gas containing hydrogen is applied to the plasma. It is also possible to use a method that converts
- hydrogen gas or a mixed gas of hydrogen gas and inert gas is used.
- the reason for using hydrogen gas is that impurities in molten steel can be directly removed by converting hydrogen gas into plasma, as described above. In order to obtain a rapid impurity removal effect, it is preferable to mix 0.5% by volume or more of hydrogen gas in the plasma gas. The higher the hydrogen gas concentration in the plasma gas, the higher the impurity removal effect, so there is no particular upper limit for the hydrogen gas concentration in the plasma gas.
- Argon gas or helium gas can be used as the inert gas.
- the plasma gas flow rate ( GP ), the hydrogen concentration in the plasma gas ( H2), and the molten steel reflux rate (Q ) must satisfy the relationship of the following formula (1). Also, the relationship between the three elements ( GP ⁇ (H 2 )/Q) is preferably 0.5 or more, more preferably 1.0 or more.
- GP is the plasma gas flow rate (Nm 3 /min)
- H 2 is the hydrogen gas concentration (% by volume) in the plasma gas
- Q is the molten steel flow rate in the vacuum chamber. Circulation rate (ton/min).
- the "Nm 3 /min" of the flow rate of the plasma gas is a unit indicating the volume flow rate of the plasma gas, and "Nm 3 " means the volume of the plasma gas in the standard state. In this specification, the standard state of plasma gas is 0° C. and 1 atm (101325 Pa).
- the circulating amount (Q) of the molten steel 3 circulating in the vacuum chamber is affected by the flow rate of the circulating gas, the atmospheric pressure in the vacuum chamber, and the cross-sectional area of the ascending immersion pipe. Therefore, for each of these conditions, the uniform mixing time is measured in the actual RH vacuum degassing apparatus 1, and the amount of molten steel contained in the ladle is divided by the molten steel reflux time obtained from the measured uniform mixing time. , the recirculation rate (Q) of the molten steel 3 can be determined.
- the uniform mixing time is obtained by adding a tracer element (e.g., copper, nickel, etc.) to the molten steel in the ladle directly below the ascending immersion tube or the molten steel in the vacuum chamber, and sampling from the ladle in time series. It can be obtained as the time required for the fluctuation of the tracer element concentration of the sample for component analysis to be within ⁇ 5%.
- the molten steel circulation time is about 1/3 of the uniform mixing time, the time that is 1/3 of the obtained uniform mixing time can be used as the molten steel circulation time.
- the recirculation rate (Q) of the molten steel 3 that recirculates in the vacuum chamber is obtained by an empirical regression equation shown by the following equation (2). Therefore, the following equation (2) is preferably used to determine the reflux rate (Q) of the molten steel 3 flowing through the vacuum chamber.
- Q is the reflux rate (ton/min) of molten steel circulating in the vacuum chamber
- GC is the flow rate of the reflux gas (Nm 3 /min)
- D is the RH vacuum degassing device.
- P0 is the pressure (torr) at the blowing position of the reflux gas
- P is the pressure (torr) in the vacuum chamber.
- torr is a unit of pressure
- 1 torr is 133.32 Pa.
- Nm 3 means the volume of the recirculation gas under standard conditions, and the standard conditions are 0° C. and 1 atm (101325 Pa).
- the molten steel 3 before it is stored in the ladle and subjected to hydrogen plasma treatment may be tapped from a converter or an electric furnace into the ladle 2 and transported to the RH vacuum degassing device 1 .
- steel is tapped into a ladle from a converter or an electric furnace, and is transported to the RH vacuum degassing device 1 after undergoing an out-of-furnace refining treatment in a heating and stirring treatment facility (sometimes referred to as a ladle furnace). can be anything.
- the molten steel 3 before the hydrogen plasma treatment may be in a non-deoxidized state. It may be deoxidized.
- Preliminary deoxidation with reducing gas prior to plasma treatment allows the plasma treatment to be started in a state where the oxygen concentration in the molten steel has decreased to some extent, so the load of the reaction according to the above equation (5) is reduced and the plasma treatment time is shortened. can be timed.
- Preliminary deoxidation with a reducing gas may be performed before treatment in the RH vacuum degasser or before plasma treatment during refining in the RH vacuum degasser. .
- a deoxidizing agent such as aluminum or silicon is added before the plasma treatment to deoxidize the molten steel 3 and reduce the oxygen concentration in the molten steel in advance.
- a deoxidizing agent such as aluminum or silicon is added before the plasma treatment to deoxidize the molten steel 3 and reduce the oxygen concentration in the molten steel in advance.
- Oxygen in molten steel functions as a surface-active element, and can inhibit desorption of nitrogen gas, hydrogen nitride, and hydrogen sulfide from the surface of molten steel into the gas phase (atmosphere in the vacuum chamber).
- the oxygen concentration in the molten steel low by deoxidizing treatment with aluminum or silicon, it is possible to quickly obtain the effect of removing oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, etc. in the molten steel by hydrogen plasma.
- the plasma output (E) more preferably satisfies the following formula (9).
- the plasma output should satisfy the relationship of the formula (9).
- the plasma output should be selected according to the desired balance between quality and cost.
- E is the plasma power (kW).
- the present inventors have found that the impurities in the molten steel can be reduced more efficiently by optimizing the molten steel flow in the vacuum chamber when performing the hydrogen plasma treatment.
- the present inventors From numerical calculations and water model experiments simulating an RH vacuum degassing apparatus, the present inventors have found that the steel bath flow velocity in the vacuum chamber is not uniform, the flow along the inner wall of the vacuum chamber 5 is fast, and the flow rate of the vacuum chamber 5 is high. It was confirmed that the flow in the center of the steel bath was slower than that on the wall side. On the other hand, since the hydrogen plasma irradiation position is near the center of the steel bath in the vacuum chamber 5, it was considered important to optimize the molten steel flow in the vacuum chamber in order to increase the impurity removal efficiency during the hydrogen plasma treatment. .
- the surface flow velocity (V) of the molten steel in the vacuum chamber should be within a range that satisfies the following formula (3), so that the impurities can be efficiently removed by hydrogen plasma. found to proceed.
- V is the surface flow velocity (m/min) of molten steel circulating in the vacuum chamber
- GP is the plasma gas flow rate (Nm 3 /min)
- ⁇ is the circular constant
- L is It is the distance (m) between the centers of the ascending diptube and the descending diptube.
- the region of the center of the steel bath in the vacuum chamber described above, where the flow velocity is slower than the flow along the inner wall of the vacuum chamber 5, is roughly calculated using the distance between the centers of the ascending immersion tube 8 and the descending immersion tube 9.
- V surface flow velocity
- the surface flow velocity (V) of molten steel circulating in the vacuum chamber can be obtained by the following formula (4).
- V is the surface flow velocity of molten steel circulating in the vacuum chamber (m/min)
- Q is the circulating flow rate of molten steel circulating in the vacuum chamber (ton/min)
- ⁇ is the density of the molten steel. (kg/m 3 )
- H is the molten steel height (m) in the vacuum chamber
- d is the inner diameter (m) of the vacuum chamber.
- the molten steel flow in the vacuum chamber that is, the surface flow velocity (V) of molten steel circulating in the vacuum chamber is preferably within the range of formula (3).
- Formula (8) is a formula obtained from formulas (3) and (4), and each variable is the same as formulas (3) and (4).
- the total concentration of iron oxides and manganese oxides in the slag 4 is preferably 5% by mass or less, more preferably 3% by mass or less, and more preferably 1% by mass or less.
- the supply of oxygen from the slag 4 to the molten steel 3 proceeds simultaneously during the plasma treatment, and the impurity reduction effect is sufficiently obtained.
- metal aluminum or aluminum dross is added to the slag 4 floating on the molten steel before starting treatment in the RH vacuum degassing device 1. , it is effective to reduce iron oxides and manganese oxides with aluminum. It is also effective to remove the slag 4 from the ladle 2 and then add a slag-forming agent to the ladle to newly produce slag with less iron oxides and manganese oxides.
- the timing of adding a deoxidizer such as aluminum or silicon to the molten steel 3 is not particularly limited.
- a deoxidizer such as aluminum or silicon is quickly added to the molten steel 3 from the raw material inlet 12 to keep the oxygen concentration in the molten steel, which has been reduced by the hydrogen plasma treatment, at a low level. preferable.
- a predetermined ferroalloy or pure metal is circulated from the raw material inlet 12 in the vacuum chamber. Add to molten steel.
- the atmospheric pressure in the vacuum chamber is set to 10 torr or less without irradiating the hydrogen plasma after the hydrogen plasma treatment. Then, it is preferable to continue to recirculate the molten steel 3 to the vacuum tank 5 for 5 minutes or more under a reduced pressure of 10 torr or less to reduce the hydrogen concentration in the molten steel.
- oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur in molten steel can be rapidly reduced to 20 ppm by mass or less, respectively.
- a test was conducted in which molten steel tapped from a converter was subjected to hydrogen plasma treatment in an actual machine with a molten steel amount of 200 tons or more and 350 tons or less per charge.
- hydrogen is applied to the surface of the molten steel circulating in the vacuum chamber by changing the plasma gas flow rate and the hydrogen concentration in the plasma gas. Plasma was irradiated.
- the operating conditions of the RH vacuum degassing device and the molten steel composition were changed.
- Table 1 shows the test conditions for each test, and Table 2 shows the evaluation results.
- the oxygen concentration, nitrogen concentration and sulfur concentration in the molten steel were simultaneously and rapidly reduced to 20 ppm by mass or less by performing the hydrogen plasma treatment for 15 minutes.
- the removal rate of each element from before the plasma treatment to after the end was 95% or more for oxygen in the molten steel, 54% or more for nitrogen in the molten steel, and 21% or more for sulfur in the molten steel.
- the reduction of oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur in the molten steel was insufficient even after the hydrogen plasma treatment, and the concentrations of all elements after the hydrogen plasma treatment were 20 ppm by mass. It was a result exceeding The removal rate of each element from before the start of the plasma treatment to after the end was as low as 91% or less for oxygen in the molten steel, 22% or less for nitrogen in the molten steel, and 9% or less for sulfur in the molten steel.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
Abstract
Description
xH+[N]=NHx ……(6)
yH+[S]=HyS ……(7)
ここで、[O]は溶鋼中の酸素、[N]は溶鋼中の窒素、[S]は溶鋼中の硫黄を表す。
ここで、GPは、プラズマガスの流量(Nm3/min)、(H2)は、プラズマガス中の水素ガス濃度(体積%)、Qは、真空槽内を環流する溶鋼の環流量(ton/min)である。
ここで、Qは、真空槽内を環流する溶鋼の環流量(ton/min)、GCは、環流用ガスの流量(Nm3/min)、Dは、RH真空脱ガス装置の浸漬管の内径(m)、P0は、環流用ガスの吹き込み位置での圧力(torr)、Pは、真空槽内の圧力(torr)である。
ここで、Vは、真空槽内を環流する溶鋼の表面流速(m/min)、GPは、プラズマガスの流量(Nm3/min)、πは、円周率、Lは、上昇側浸漬管及び下降側浸漬管の中心間の距離(m)、Qは、真空槽内を環流する溶鋼の環流量(ton/min)、ρは、溶鋼の密度(kg/m3)、Hは、真空槽内の溶鋼高さ(m)、dは、真空槽の内径(m)である。
xH+[N]=NHx ……(6)
yH+[S]=HyS ……(7)
(5)式、(6)式、(7)式において、[O]は溶鋼中の酸素、[N]は溶鋼中の窒素、[S]は溶鋼中の硫黄を表す。
(9)式において、Eは、プラズマ出力(kW)である。
2 取鍋
3 溶鋼
4 スラグ
5 真空槽
6 上部槽
7 下部槽
8 上昇側浸漬管
9 下降側浸漬管
10 環流用ガス吹き込み管
11 ダクト
12 原料投入口
13 プラズマトーチ
Claims (5)
- 取鍋内に収容された溶鋼を、RH真空脱ガス装置の真空槽へ環流させて精錬する工程において、前記RH真空脱ガス装置の真空槽内を環流する溶鋼の表面に、前記真空槽内に設置されたプラズマ発生装置から、水素ガスまたは水素ガスを含む不活性ガスをプラズマガスとして下記の(1)式を満たす条件で照射するプラズマ処理を行ない、当該プラズマ処理によって溶鋼中に含まれる酸素、窒素、硫黄のうちから選ばれる1種または2種以上の元素の含有量を低減する、溶鋼の精錬方法。
ここで、GPは、プラズマガスの流量(Nm3/min)、(H2)は、プラズマガス中の水素ガス濃度(体積%)、Qは、真空槽内を環流する溶鋼の環流量(ton/min)である。 - 取鍋内に収容した溶鋼の表面に浮遊するスラグは、鉄酸化物の濃度とマンガン酸化物の濃度との合計が5質量%以下である、請求項1から請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の溶鋼の精錬方法。
- 前記プラズマ処理により、溶鋼に含まれる酸素、窒素、硫黄の3元素の含有量を同時に低減する、請求項1から請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の溶鋼の精錬方法。
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EP22828144.0A EP4339303A4 (en) | 2021-06-23 | 2022-05-26 | METHOD FOR REFINING MOLTEN STEEL |
CN202280042969.8A CN117545861A (zh) | 2021-06-23 | 2022-05-26 | 钢水的精炼方法 |
KR1020237043348A KR20240008924A (ko) | 2021-06-23 | 2022-05-26 | 용강의 정련 방법 |
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JP4305792B2 (ja) | 1999-03-25 | 2009-07-29 | ソニー株式会社 | 金属の精製方法及び精錬方法 |
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