WO2022255636A1 - 리튬 이차전지용 양극 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 - Google Patents
리튬 이차전지용 양극 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022255636A1 WO2022255636A1 PCT/KR2022/005564 KR2022005564W WO2022255636A1 WO 2022255636 A1 WO2022255636 A1 WO 2022255636A1 KR 2022005564 W KR2022005564 W KR 2022005564W WO 2022255636 A1 WO2022255636 A1 WO 2022255636A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- positive electrode
- conductive material
- lithium secondary
- secondary battery
- parts
- Prior art date
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 119
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 46
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 75
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 26
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- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 11
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
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- 229910021470 non-graphitizable carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011146 organic particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid Substances OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005569 poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000307 polymer substrate Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001008 quinone-imine dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001568 sexual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021384 soft carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphite Chemical compound CCOP(OCC)OCC BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1391—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/364—Composites as mixtures
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
- H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
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- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- a positive electrode for a lithium secondary battery having a sheet resistance of 3.0 ⁇ /cm or less:
- the total content of the first conductive material and the second conductive material may be 0.1 to 10 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the positive electrode mixture layer.
- the second conductive material The conductive material may be included in an amount of 20 to 60 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the first conductive material.
- M 2 is W, Cu, Fe, V, Cr, Ti, Zr, Zn, Al, In, Ta, Y, La, Sr, Ga, Sc, Gd, Sm, Ca, Ce, Nb, Mg, B, and At least one element selected from the group consisting of Mo,
- main component is 50% by weight or more, 60% by weight or more, 70% by weight or more, 80% by weight or more, 90% by weight or more, 95% by weight or more, or 97.5% by weight or more based on the total weight of the composition or specific component. It may mean more than % by weight, and in some cases, it may mean the case of constituting the entire composition or specific component, that is, 100% by weight.
- Ah is a capacity unit of a lithium secondary battery, and is referred to as an "ampere hour” and means an amount of current per hour. For example, if the battery capacity is “3000 mAh”, it means that it can be discharged for 1 hour with a current of 3000 mA.
- a positive electrode mixture layer disposed on the positive electrode current collector and including a positive electrode active material, a positive electrode additive represented by Formula 1 below, a first conductive material, and a binder;
- the positive electrode additive represented by Chemical Formula 1 has a higher content of lithium ions than nickel-containing oxides commonly used in the art, so that lithium ions lost due to an irreversible reaction during initial activation of the battery can be supplemented, so that the charge and discharge of the battery capacity can be significantly improved.
- the lithium metal oxide represented by Chemical Formula 1 may include Li 6 CoO 4 , Li 6 Co 0.5 Zn 0.5 O 4 , Li 6 Co 0.7 Zn 0.3 O 4 , and the like.
- the positive electrode additive represented by Chemical Formula 1 may have a tetragonal crystal structure, and may be included in a space group of P4 2 /nmc having a twisted tetrahedral structure formed by a cobalt element and an oxygen element. Since the cathode additive has a twisted tetrahedral structure formed by cobalt element and oxygen atoms and is structurally unstable, when the cathode additive is used in an amount of 5 parts by weight or less based on 100 parts by weight of the cathode mixture layer during cathode manufacturing, moisture or oxygen in the air during the mixing process of the cathode slurry and may cause side reactions.
- the present invention has the advantage of preventing the cathode additive from causing a side reaction with moisture or oxygen in the air by using a composition in which the cathode additive is pre-dispersed when preparing the cathode slurry.
- the average size of the first conductive material may be 500 nm or less, specifically 10 to 500 nm; 10 to 400 nm; 10 to 300 nm; 10 to 200 nm; 10 to 100 nm; 50 to 500 nm; 100 to 500 nm; 200 to 500 nm; 250 to 500 nm; 300 to 500 nm; 400 to 500 nm; 100 to 300 nm; 200 to 400 nm; or 50 to 250 nm.
- it may mean the average size and the average length of the first conductive material.
- x, y, z, w, v and u are 1.0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.30, 0.1 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.95, 0.01 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.5, 0.01 ⁇ w ⁇ 0.5, 0 ⁇ v ⁇ 0.2, 1.5 ⁇ u ⁇ 4.5, respectively.
- M 1 is W, Cu, Fe, V, Cr, Ti, Zr, Zn, Al, In, Ta, Y, La, Sr, Ga, Sc, Gd, Sm, Ca, Ce, Nb, Mg, B, and At least one element selected from the group consisting of Mo,
- the step of preparing the pre-dispersion solution may be performed at a temperature condition of 40° C. or less, more specifically, 10° C. to 40° C.; 10° C. to 35° C.; 10° C. to 30° C.; 10° C. to 25° C.; 10° C. to 20° C.; 15° C. to 40° C.; 20° C. to 40° C.; 15° C. to 35° C.; Or it may be carried out at a temperature condition of 18 °C to 30 °C.
- the anode active material may include, for example, a carbon material and a silicon material.
- the carbon material refers to a carbon material containing carbon atoms as a main component, and examples of the carbon material include graphite having a completely layered crystal structure such as natural graphite, a low-crystalline graphene structure; a hexagonal honeycomb plane of carbon soft carbon having this layered structure) and hard carbon in which these structures are mixed with amorphous portions, artificial graphite, expanded graphite, carbon fiber, non-graphitizable carbon, carbon black, acetylene black, Ketjen black, carbon It may include nanotubes, fullerenes, activated carbon, graphene, carbon nanotubes, and the like, preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of natural graphite, artificial graphite, graphene, and carbon nanotubes.
- the carbon material includes natural graphite and/or artificial graphite, and may include at least one of graphene and carbon nanotubes together with the natural graphite and/or artificial graphite.
- the carbon material may include 0.1 to 10 parts by weight of graphene and/or carbon nanotubes based on 100 parts by weight of the total carbon material, and more specifically, 0.1 to 5 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the total carbon material. wealth; Alternatively, 0.1 to 2 parts by weight of graphene and/or carbon nanotubes may be included.
- the negative electrode active material may include 95 ⁇ 2 parts by weight of graphite based on 100 parts by weight of the negative electrode mixture layer; It may include 5 ⁇ 2 parts by weight of a mixture in which silicon monoxide (SiO) particles and silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ) particles are uniformly mixed.
- SiO silicon monoxide
- SiO 2 silicon dioxide
- the lithium salt-containing electrolyte solution according to the present invention may be composed of an electrolyte solution and a lithium salt, and a non-aqueous organic solvent, an organic solid electrolyte, an inorganic solid electrolyte, or the like may be used as the electrolyte solution.
- Examples of the inorganic solid electrolyte include Li 3 N, LiI, Li 5 Ni 2 , Li 3 N-LiI-LiOH, LiSiO 4 , LiSiO 4 -LiI-LiOH, Li 2 SiS 3 , Li 4 SiO 4 , Nitride, halide, sulfate, and the like of Li such as Li 4 SiO 4 -LiI-LiOH, Li 3 PO 4 -Li 2 S-SiS 2 , etc. may be used.
- halogen-containing solvents such as carbon tetrachloride and ethylene trifluoride may be further included to impart incombustibility, and carbon dioxide gas may be further included to improve storage properties at high temperatures.
- FEC Fluoro-Ethylene Carbonate
- PRS Pene sultone
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Abstract
Description
양극 슬러리 100 중량부 기준 |
도전재 함량 | 양극활물질 함량 | 온도[℃] | 습도 [%] | |
제1 도전재 | 제2 도전재 | ||||
실시예 1 | 0.5 중량부 | 0.2 중량부 | 92.3 중량부 | 20~25 | 3% |
실시예 2 | 0.7 중량부 | - | 92.3 중량부 | 20~25 | 3% |
실시예 3 | 0.7 중량부 | 0.1 중량부 | 92.2 중량부 | 20~25 | 3% |
실시예 4 | 0.7 중량부 | 5 중량부 | 87.3 중량부 | 20~25 | 3% |
실시예 5 | 0.5 중량부 | 0.2 중량부 | 92.3 중량부 | 50~55 | 3% |
실시예 6 | 0.5 중량부 | 0.2 중량부 | 92.3 중량부 | 20~25 | 50% |
비교예 1 | - | - | 93.0 중량부 | 20~25 | 3% |
비교예 2 | - | 2 중량부 | 91.0 중량부 | 20~25 | 3% |
리튬 이차전지용 양극 | 리튬 이차전지 |
실시예 1 | 실시예 7 |
실시예 2 | 실시예 8 |
실시예 3 | 실시예 9 |
실시예 4 | 실시예 10 |
실시예 5 | 실시예 11 |
실시예 6 | 실시예 12 |
비교예 1 | 비교예 5 |
비교예 2 | 비교예 6 |
비교예 3 | 비교예 7 |
비교예 4 | 비교예 8 |
전극 면저항 | 산소 가스 발생량 [ml/g] | 초기 충방전 용량 [Ah] | 용량 유지율 |
||||
측정값 [Ω/㎝] |
R12/R1 | R12/R2 | 1회 충방전 | 50회 충방전 | |||
실시예 7 | 2.0±0.2 | 0.89 | 0.36 | 86 | 12 | 103.2 | 92.5% |
실시예 8 | 2.25±0.02 | - | - | 91 | 19 | 102.8 | 91.9% |
실시예 9 | 2.3±0.05 | 1.02 | 0.42 | 96 | 18 | 102.3 | 91.2% |
실시예 10 | 1.9±0.05 | 0.84 | 0.35 | 95 | 26 | 102.8 | 90.9% |
실시예 11 | 2.1±0.05 | 0.93 | 0.38 | 101 | 68 | 98.0 | 86.1% |
실시예 12 | 2.1±0.05 | 0.93 | 0.38 | 107 | 78 | 98.2 | 85.7% |
비교예 5 | 21.3±0.5 | - | - | 89 | 13 | 94.7 | 85.6% |
비교예 6 | 5.5±0.5 | - | - | 97 | 15 | 101.8 | 89.9% |
비교예 7 | 2.9±0.1 | 1.24 | 0.53 | 111 | 75 | 100.4 | 89.2% |
비교예 8 | 2.8±0.1 | 1.24 | 0.51 | 95 | 21 | 100.1 | 89.6% |
Claims (14)
- 양극 집전체, 및상기 양극 집전체 상에 위치하며, 양극활물질, 하기 화학식 1로 나타내는 양극 첨가제, 제1 도전재 및 바인더를 포함하는 양극 합재층을 구비하고;상기 제1 도전재는 탄소나노튜브, 그라파이트 나노 섬유, 탄소나노 섬유, 기상 성장 탄소 섬유 및 활성화 탄소 섬유 중 1종 이상을 함유하며;면저항이 3.0 Ω/cm 이하인 리튬 이차전지용 양극:[화학식 1]LipCo(1-q)M1 qO4상기 화학식 1에서,M1은 W, Cu, Fe, V, Cr, Ti, Zr, Zn, Al, In, Ta, Y, La, Sr, Ga, Sc, Gd, Sm, Ca, Ce, Nb, Mg, B, 및 Mo로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 1종 이상의 원소이고,p 및 q는 각각 5≤p≤7 및 0≤q≤0.5이다.
- 제1항에 있어서,양극 합재층은 제2 도전재를 더 포함하고,상기 제2 도전재는 천연 흑연, 인조 흑연, 카본 블랙, 아세틸렌 블랙, 덴카 블랙, 케첸 블랙, 수퍼-P, 채널 블랙, 퍼네이스 블랙, 램프 블랙 및 서머 블랙 중 1종 이상을 함유하는 리튬 이차전지용 양극.
- 제2항에 있어서,양극 합재층에 제1 도전재와 제2 도전재를 함유하는 양극의 전극 면저항(R12)은,양극 합재층에 제1 도전재 단독으로 함유하는 양극의 전극 면저항(R1)과 0.5 내지 1.2의 비율(R12/R1)을 갖거나, 또는양극 합재층에 제2 도전재 단독으로 함유하는 양극의 전극 면저항(R2)과 0.1 내지 0.8의 비율(R12/R2)을 갖는 리튬 이차전지용 양극.
- 제2항에 있어서,양극 합재층에 제1 도전재와 제2 도전재를 함유하는 양극의 전극 면저항(R12)은,양극 합재층에 제1 도전재 단독으로 함유하는 양극의 전극 면저항(R1)과 0.7 내지 1.0의 비율(R12/R1)을 갖거나, 또는양극 합재층에 제2 도전재 단독으로 함유하는 양극의 전극 면저항(R2)과 0.2 내지 0.6의 비율(R12/R2)을 갖는 리튬 이차전지용 양극.
- 제1항에 있어서,양극 첨가제는 공간군이 P42/nmc인 정방정계 구조(tetragonal structure)를 갖는 리튬 이차전지용 양극.
- 제1항에 있어서,양극 첨가제의 함량은 양극 합재층 100 중량부에 대하여 0.1 내지 10 중량부인 리튬 이차전지용 양극.
- 제1항에 있어서,제1 도전재의 함량은 양극 합재층 100 중량부에 대하여 0.1 내지 10 중량부인 리튬 이차전지용 양극.
- 제2항에 있어서,제1 도전재 및 제2 도전재의 총 함량은 양극 합재층 100 중량부에 대하여 0.1 내지 10 중량부인 리튬 이차전지용 양극.
- 제2항에 있어서,제2 도전재는 제1 도전재 100 중량부에 대하여 20 내지 60 중량부 포함되는 리튬 이차전지용 양극.
- 제1항에 있어서,양극활물질은 하기 화학식 2로 나타내는 리튬 금속 복합 산화물인 리튬 이차전지용 양극:[화학식 2]Lix[NiyCozMnwM2 v]Ou상기 화학식 2에 있어서,M2는 W, Cu, Fe, V, Cr, Ti, Zr, Zn, Al, In, Ta, Y, La, Sr, Ga, Sc, Gd, Sm, Ca, Ce, Nb, Mg, B, 및 Mo로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 1종 이상의 원소이고,x, y, z, w, v 및 u는 각각 1.0≤x≤1.30, 0.1≤y<0.95, 0.01<z≤0.5, 0.01<w≤0.5, 0≤v≤0.2, 1.5≤u≤4.5이다.
- 하기 화학식 1로 나타내는 양극 첨가제; 제1 도전재 및 바인더를 혼합하여 선분산액을 제조하는 단계;제조된 선분산액, 양극활물질 및 바인더를 혼합하여 양극 슬러리를 제조하는 단계; 및양극 집전체 상에 상기 양극 슬러리를 도포하여 양극 합재층을 제조하는 단계;를 포함하고,상기 제1 도전재는 탄소나노튜브, 그라파이트 나노 섬유, 탄소나노 섬유, 기상 성장 탄소 섬유 및 활성화 탄소 섬유 중 1종 이상을 함유하며;제조된 양극의 면저항이 3.0 Ω/cm 이하인 리튬 이차전지용 양극의 제조방법:[화학식 1]LipCo(1-q)M1 qO4상기 화학식 1에서,M1은 W, Cu, Fe, V, Cr, Ti, Zr, Zn, Al, In, Ta, Y, La, Sr, Ga, Sc, Gd, Sm, Ca, Ce, Nb, Mg, B, 및 Mo로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 1종 이상의 원소이고,p 및 q는 각각 5≤p≤7 및 0≤q≤0.5이다.
- 제11항에 있어서,상기 선분산액을 제조하는 단계는 10% 이하의 상대습도 조건에서 수행되는 리튬 이차전지용 양극의 제조방법.
- 제11항에 있어서,양극 슬러리를 제조하는 단계는 제2 도전재를 더 혼합하는 리튬 이차전지용 양극의 제조방법.
- 제1항에 따른 양극; 음극; 및 상기 양극과 음극 사이에 위치하는 분리막을 포함하는 리튬 이차전지.
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