WO2022255266A1 - スパッタリングターゲット及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
スパッタリングターゲット及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005477 sputtering target Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 title description 21
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellanylidenegermanium Chemical compound [Te]=[Ge] JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910005191 Ga 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 abstract description 25
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 67
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 20
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 14
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910007717 ZnSnO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- LLQHSBBZNDXTIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-[5-[[4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]methyl]-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl]-3H-1,3-benzoxazol-2-one Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)N1CCN(CC1)CC1CC(=NO1)C1=CC2=C(NC(O2)=O)C=C1 LLQHSBBZNDXTIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MKYBYDHXWVHEJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[1-oxo-1-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propan-2-yl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(C(C)NC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 MKYBYDHXWVHEJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000007088 Archimedes method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910007604 Zn—Sn—O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FHKPLLOSJHHKNU-INIZCTEOSA-N [(3S)-3-[8-(1-ethyl-5-methylpyrazol-4-yl)-9-methylpurin-6-yl]oxypyrrolidin-1-yl]-(oxan-4-yl)methanone Chemical compound C(C)N1N=CC(=C1C)C=1N(C2=NC=NC(=C2N=1)O[C@@H]1CN(CC1)C(=O)C1CCOCC1)C FHKPLLOSJHHKNU-INIZCTEOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- AJNVQOSZGJRYEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N digallium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ga+3].[Ga+3] AJNVQOSZGJRYEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004453 electron probe microanalysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004993 emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001195 gallium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QZQVBEXLDFYHSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N gallium(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Ga]O[Ga]=O QZQVBEXLDFYHSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009616 inductively coupled plasma Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- KYKLWYKWCAYAJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxotin;zinc Chemical compound [Zn].[Sn]=O KYKLWYKWCAYAJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/34—Sputtering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/453—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zinc, tin, or bismuth oxides or solid solutions thereof with other oxides, e.g. zincates, stannates or bismuthates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/08—Oxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/08—Oxides
- C23C14/086—Oxides of zinc, germanium, cadmium, indium, tin, thallium or bismuth
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/34—Sputtering
- C23C14/3407—Cathode assembly for sputtering apparatus, e.g. Target
- C23C14/3414—Metallurgical or chemical aspects of target preparation, e.g. casting, powder metallurgy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02107—Forming insulating materials on a substrate
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a sputtering target and a manufacturing method thereof.
- ZTO Zinc-Tin-Oxide
- Transparent conductive films are used, for example, in solar cells, liquid crystal surface elements, touch panels, and the like (Patent Document 1, etc.).
- semiconductor films are used as semiconductor layers (channel layers) of thin film transistors (TFTs) (Patent Document 2, etc.).
- a ZTO film is usually formed using a sputtering target made of a Zn--Sn--O-based sintered body.
- Patent Documents 3 and 4 disclose forming a thin film using a sputtering target made of zinc oxide, gallium oxide, and tin oxide. Patent Document 3 aims to produce a high-density sputtering target with low bulk resistance, and to provide a transparent amorphous semiconductor film that can be selectively etched with respect to a metal thin film. be.
- JP 2017-36198 A Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2010-37161 JP 2010-18457 A Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2016-507004
- an object of the present invention is to provide a sputtering target suitable for forming a semiconductor film having a low carrier concentration and a high mobility.
- One aspect of the present invention is a sputtering target containing zinc (Zn), tin (Sn), gallium (Ga), and oxygen (O), wherein Ga is 0 at an atomic ratio of Ga / (Zn + Sn + Ga) .15 or more and 0.50 or less, contains Sn in an atomic ratio of Sn/(Zn+Sn) of 0.30 or more and 0.60 or less, and has a volume resistivity of 50 ⁇ cm or less.
- the desired carrier concentration will be too high and power consumption will rise more than expected.
- the atomic ratio of Ga/(Zn+Sn+Ga) exceeds 0.50, the desired mobility cannot be obtained.
- the atomic ratio of Ga/(Zn+Sn+Ga) is preferably 0.15 or more and 0.40 or less, and more preferably the atomic ratio of Ga/(Zn+Sn+Ga) is 0.15 or more and 0.25 or less.
- the Sn content in the film is less than 0.33 in terms of the Sn/(Sn+Zn) atomic ratio, when the film is annealed, the rate of change in film properties (carrier concentration, mobility, volume resistivity) due to heat will be There is the problem of growing up.
- the atomic ratio of Sn/(Sn+Zn) exceeds 0.65, the carrier concentration becomes too high, and power consumption rises more than expected.
- the Sn/(Sn+Zn) atomic ratio is preferably 0.33 or more and 0.60 or less, and more preferably, the Sn/(Sn+Zn) atomic ratio is 0.33 or more and 0.50 or less.
- the carrier concentration of the semiconductor film is preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 17 cm ⁇ 3 or less. It is more preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 16 cm ⁇ 3 or less, and still more preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 15 cm ⁇ 3 or less. If the carrier concentration is within the above range, power consumption can be sufficiently reduced.
- the mobility of the semiconductor film is preferably 5.0 cm 2 /V ⁇ s or more. More preferably, it is 10.0 cm 2 /V ⁇ s or more, and still more preferably 12.0 cm 2 /V ⁇ s or more. If the mobility is within the above range, desired semiconductor properties can be obtained.
- the semiconductor film preferably has a refractive index of 2.15 or less for light with a wavelength of 405 nm. More preferably, the refractive index is 2.10 or less and 2.00 or more. By setting the refractive index within the above numerical range, an effect of preventing scattering between media can be obtained.
- the semiconductor film preferably has an extinction coefficient of 0.02 or less for light with a wavelength of 405 nm. More preferably, the extinction coefficient is 0.01 or less. By setting the extinction coefficient within the above numerical range, an effect of high transparency can be obtained.
- the inventors of the present invention have found that the above-described desired semiconductor film can be formed by DC sputtering by adjusting the composition range of the sputtering target and devising a manufacturing method thereof. was obtained.
- the present embodiment contains zinc (Zn), tin (Sn), gallium (Ga), and oxygen (O), satisfies the formulas (3) and (4), and has a volume resistivity is 50 ⁇ cm or less.
- the Ga content is 0.15 or more and 0.50 or less in terms of an atomic ratio of Ga/(Zn+Sn+Ga).
- the atomic ratio of Ga/(Zn+Sn+Ga) is preferably 0.15 or more and 0.40 or less, and more preferably the atomic ratio of Ga/(Zn+Sn+Ga) is 0.15 or more and 0.25 or less.
- the Sn content is 0.30 or more and 0.60 or less in atomic ratio of Sn/(Zn+Sn).
- the Sn/(Sn+Zn) atomic ratio is preferably 0.30 or more and 0.50 or less, and more preferably, the Sn/(Sn+Zn) atomic ratio is 0.33 or more and 0.45 or less. If the composition of the sputtering target is within the above numerical range, a semiconductor film having a desired composition can be deposited.
- the sputtering target according to the present embodiment has a volume resistivity of 50 ⁇ cm or less, preferably 30 ⁇ cm or less, and more preferably 10 ⁇ cm or less.
- the method for measuring volume resistivity is as follows. Measuring device: Resistivity measuring instrument ⁇ -5+ Measurement method: Constant current application method Measurement method: Direct current 4-probe method Volume resistivity is measured at one point in the center and four points at 90-degree intervals around the circumference of the surface of the sputtering target, and the average value is obtained.
- the sputtering target according to this embodiment preferably has a relative density of 97% or more. It is more preferably 98% or more, still more preferably 99% or more.
- a high-density sputtering target can reduce the amount of particles generated during film formation.
- the reference density is a density value calculated from the theoretical density and mass ratio of the oxides of the elements other than oxygen in each constituent element of the sputtering target, and the theoretical density of each oxide is as follows. .
- Theoretical density of Ga2O3 5.95 g/ cm3
- Theoretical density of SnO 6.95 g/cm 3
- Theoretical density of ZnO 5.61 g/ cm3
- the measured density is a value obtained by dividing the weight of the sputtering target by the volume, and is calculated using the Archimedes method.
- the sputtering target according to this embodiment preferably has an average crystal grain size of 10 ⁇ m or less. More preferably, the average crystal grain size is 5 ⁇ m or less. When the structure of the sputtering target is fine, the amount of particles generated during film formation can be reduced.
- the sputtering target according to this embodiment can be produced, for example, as follows. However, it should be understood that the following manufacturing method is an example and the present embodiment is not limited by this manufacturing method. Also, detailed descriptions of well-known processes are omitted to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the manufacturing method.
- ZnO powder, SnO powder, and Ga 2 O 3 powder are prepared as raw material powders, and these raw material powders are weighed and mixed so as to have a desired compounding ratio. If necessary, it is preferable to pulverize to an average particle size (D50) of 1.5 ⁇ m or less.
- the obtained mixed powder is calcined at 1000° C. to 1300° C. for 4 to 7 hours.
- Composite oxides (Zn 2 SnO 4 phase, ZnGa 2 O 4 phase) can be obtained by performing calcination.
- the mixed powder or calcined powder is filled in a carbon mold and pressure-sintered (hot pressed) in a vacuum or inert gas atmosphere.
- the hot press conditions are preferably a sintering temperature of 950° C. to 1100° C., a pressing pressure of 200 to 300 kgf/cm 2 and a holding time of 1 to 4 hours. If the sintering temperature is too low, a high-density sintered body cannot be obtained. In the case of sintering in the air without applying pressure (atmospheric normal pressure sintering), the volume resistivity of the sintered body increases and the density decreases. In addition, it is necessary to perform hot press sintering.
- a sputtering target can be manufactured by producing a sintered body through the above steps and then performing machining such as cutting and polishing.
- the film formation conditions using the sputtering target were as follows. Also, sputtering targets and films were evaluated using the following methods. (Regarding deposition conditions) Film formation principle: DC sputtering Film formation equipment: ANELVA SPL-500 Sputtering target size: 6 inch diameter, 5 mm thickness Substrate: Glass Film thickness: 60 to 900 nm Power: 2.74-5.48W/ cm2 Atmosphere: Ar+2% O 2 , 0.5 Pa, 28-50 sccm
- ICP-OES High Frequency Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectrometry
- a surface parallel to the surface of the sputtering target to be sputtered is observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the crystal grain size is determined by an evaluation method based on the cutting method of JIS G0551.
- Measurement principle FE-EPMA quantitative analysis Measuring device: JXA-8500F manufactured by JEOL Ltd. Measurement conditions: acceleration voltage 15 kV Irradiation current 2 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 7 A Beam diameter 100 ⁇ m
- Measurement principle Hall measurement Measurement equipment: Lake Shore Model 8400 Measurement conditions: Measure the sample after annealing at 200 ° C.
- Example 1 ZnO powder, SnO powder, and Ga 2 O 3 powder were prepared, and these raw material powders were blended so as to have the composition ratio of the sputtering target shown in Table 1, and then mixed. Next, this mixed powder was pulverized to an average particle size of 1.5 ⁇ m or less by wet pulverization (using ZrO 2 beads), dried, and then sieved with a spread of 500 ⁇ m. Next, the pulverized powder is filled in a carbon mold and hot-pressed under the conditions of argon atmosphere, sintering temperature: 950°C, pressure: 250 kgf/cm 2 , sintering time: 2 hours. The obtained oxide sintered body was machined and finished in the shape of a sputtering target (diameter of 6 inches).
- the relative density, average crystal grain size, and volume resistivity of the Zn-Sn-Ga-O sputtering target produced above were measured. Table 1 shows the results. When DC sputtering was performed using this sputtering target, stable sputtering could be performed without causing arcing during sputtering.
- Example 2-8 ZnO powder, SnO powder, and Ga 2 O 3 powder were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, and these raw material powders were blended so as to have the composition ratio of the sputtering target shown in Table 1 and then mixed.
- this mixed powder was pulverized to an average particle size of 1.5 ⁇ m or less by wet pulverization (using ZrO 2 beads), dried, and then sieved with a spread of 500 ⁇ m.
- the pulverized powder is filled in a carbon mold, and hot under the conditions of argon atmosphere, sintering temperature: 950°C, 1020°C, 1050°C, pressure: 250 kgf/cm 2 , sintering time: 2 hours.
- Example 2-7 was produced to examine the characteristics of the sputtering target, and no film formation was performed.
- Comparative Example 1-6 ZnO powder, SnO powder, and Ga 2 O 3 powder were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, and these raw material powders were prepared so as to have the composition ratio of the sputtering target shown in Table 1, and then mixed.
- no Ga 2 O 3 powder was mixed.
- this mixed powder was pulverized to an average particle size of 1.5 ⁇ m or less by wet pulverization (using ZrO 2 beads), dried, and then sieved with a spread of 500 ⁇ m.
- a carbon mold is filled with pulverized powder, sintered under the conditions shown in Table 1, and the resulting sintered body is machined into a sputtering target shape (6 inches in diameter). rice field.
- Comparative Example 1-4 hot press sintering was performed, and in Comparative Example 5-6, atmospheric pressure sintering was performed under the conditions of sintering temperature: 1400 ° C. and sintering time: 2 hours. Carried out. Table 1 shows the results of analyzing the relative density, average crystal grain size, and volume resistivity of the obtained sputtering target. Incidentally, since Comparative Example 5-6 has a high volume resistivity, it can be assumed that DC sputtering is impossible.
- the sputtering targets produced in Examples 1 and 8 were respectively attached to the sputtering apparatus, and sputtering was performed under the above conditions to form films.
- film formation examples 1 and 2 the compositions of the films are shown in Table 2.
- carrier concentration, mobility, refractive index, and extinction coefficient were analyzed.
- the carrier concentration was 1.0 ⁇ 10 17 cm ⁇ 3 or less
- the mobility was 5.0 cm 2 /V ⁇ s or more.
- good results were obtained such that the refractive index was 2.15 or less and the extinction coefficient was 0.02 or less. Those results are shown in Table 2.
- the sputtering targets produced in Comparative Examples 1-4 were attached to the sputtering apparatus, respectively, and sputtering was performed under the above conditions to form films.
- Table 2 shows the compositions of the films as Film Formation Examples 12 to 15, respectively.
- carrier concentration, mobility, refractive index, and extinction coefficient were analyzed. As a result, the carrier concentration exceeded 1.0 ⁇ 10 17 cm ⁇ 3 in all cases. Therefore, when used as such a semiconductor film, power consumption is expected to increase.
- Table 2 shows the analysis results of mobility, refractive index, and extinction coefficient.
- films with different compositions are formed by co-sputtering (co-sputtering) and the carrier concentration and mobility of each are measured. did.
- co-sputtering a ZnSnO sputtering target and a Ga 2 O 3 sputtering target were used, the Ga concentration in the film was adjusted by changing the sputtering power, and the concentrations of Zn and Sn in the film were adjusted by changing the composition.
- ZnSnO sputtering rings were used.
- Table 2 shows the compositions of the films of Film Formation Examples 3-11 and 16-19 formed by co-sputtering. Also, the carrier concentration, mobility, refractive index, and extinction coefficient of each of the obtained films were analyzed. (1) 0.15 ⁇ Ga/(Zn+Sn+Ga) ⁇ 0.50 and (2) 0.33 ⁇ Sn/(Zn+Sn) ⁇ 0.65. Desired results of 0 ⁇ 10 17 cm ⁇ 3 or less and a mobility of 5.0 cm 2 /V ⁇ s or more were obtained. On the other hand, film formation example 16, which does not satisfy the above formula (1), does not provide the desired carrier concentration, and film formation examples 17 to 19, which do not satisfy the above formula (2), do not provide desired movement. rice field.
- the semiconductor film obtained by the present invention is useful as a transparent conductive film for solar cells, liquid crystal surface elements, touch panels and the like, and semiconductor films for TFT channel layers and the like.
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- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
半導体膜において、キャリア濃度と移動度とは正の相関があり、キャリア濃度が高くなれば、移動度も高くなる。そのため移動度を上げるために、キャリア濃度を高くすることが考えられるが、キャリア濃度が高くなると、消費電力が上昇するという問題がある。近年、半導体デバイスの小型化に伴って、消費電力の問題が顕在化し、これを低減することが求められるが、移動度と消費電力とはトレードオフの関係にあるため、これらを共に満足するキャリア濃度を得る必要がある。
(1)0.15≦Ga/(Zn+Sn+Ga)≦0.50
(2)0.33≦Sn/(Zn+Sn)≦0.65
(式中、Ga、Zn、Snは、それぞれ、膜中のおける各元素の原子比を示す。)
スパッタリング法は真空中で成膜するため、成膜過程で、スパッタリングターゲットを構成する金属成分が一部消失したり、他の金属成分が混入したりすることがなく、通常はスパッタリングターゲットの組成(金属成分の原子比)が、膜の組成に反映されることになる。しかし、GZTOスパッタリングターゲットにおいては、金属の構成成分や結晶相などによってスパッタレートが異なるため、膜の組成が変動することなる(以下、膜の組成変動と称する場合がある)。特にスパッタリングターゲットに対して、膜のスズ(Sn)の比率が高くなる。
(3)0.15≦Ga/(Zn+Sn+Ga)≦0.50
(4)0.30≦Sn/(Zn+Sn)≦0.60
(式中、Ga、Zn、Snは、それぞれ、スパッタリングターゲット中のおける各元素の原子比を示す。)
スパッタリングターゲット中、Sn含有量は、Sn/(Zn+Sn)の原子比で0.30以上、0.60以下である。好ましくは、Sn/(Sn+Zn)の原子比で0.30以上、0.50以下であり、より好ましくは、Sn/(Sn+Zn)の原子比で0.33以上、0.45以下である。
スパッタリングターゲットの組成が上記の数値範囲内であれば、所望の組成を有する半導体膜を成膜することができる。
測定装置:抵抗率測定器 Σ-5+
測定方式:定電流印加方式
測定方法:直流4探針法
スパッタリングターゲットの表面について、中心部を1箇所、外周付近を90度間隔に4箇所について体積抵抗率を測定し、その平均値を求める。
相対密度は、以下の式から算出する。
相対密度(%)=(実測密度)/(基準密度)×100
基準密度は、スパッタリングターゲットの各構成元素において、酸素を除いた元素の酸化物の理論密度と質量比から算出される密度の値であって、各酸化物の理論密度は、以下の通りとする。
Ga2O3の理論密度:5.95g/cm3
SnOの理論密度 :6.95g/cm3
ZnOの理論密度 :5.61g/cm3
実測密度は、スパッタリングターゲットの重量を体積で割った値であり、アルキメデス法を用いて算出する。
本実施形態に係るスパッタリングターゲットは、例えば、以下のようにして作製することができる。但し、以下の製造方法は例示的なものであって、本実施形態がこの製造方法によって限定されるものでないことは理解されたい。また、製造方法が不必要に不明瞭になることを避けるために、周知の処理の詳細な説明については省略する。
原料粉として、ZnO粉、SnO粉、Ga2O3粉を準備し、これらの原料粉を所望の配合比となるように秤量し、混合する。必要に応じて、粉砕して、平均粒径(D50)を1.5μm以下とすることが好ましい。
得られた混合粉を1000℃~1300℃で、4~7時間、仮焼を行う。仮焼を行うことで、複合酸化物(Zn2SnO4相、ZnGa2O4相)を得ることができる。
混合粉又は仮焼粉をカーボン製の型に充填し、真空又は不活性ガス雰囲気の下、加圧焼結(ホットプレス)を行う。ホットプレスの条件は、焼結温度950℃~1100℃、プレス圧力200~300kgf/cm2、保持時間1~4時間とすることが好ましい。焼結温度が低すぎると、高密度な焼結体が得られず、一方で、焼結温度が高すぎると、ZnOの蒸発による組成ズレが生じるためである。なお、大気中、加圧せずに焼結した(大気常圧焼結)場合は、焼結体の体積抵抗率が高くなったり、密度が低下したりするため、所望のスパッタリングターゲットを得るために、ホットプレス焼結を行う必要がある。
以上の工程により、焼結体を作製し、その後、切削、研磨等の機械加工を行うことで、スパッタリングターゲットを製造することができる。
(成膜条件について)
成膜原理:DCスパッタリング
成膜装置:ANELVA SPL-500
スパッタリングターゲットのサイズ:直径6inch、厚さ5mm
基板:ガラス
膜厚:60~900nm
パワー:2.74~5.48W/cm2
雰囲気:Ar+2%O2、0.5Pa、28~50sccm
方法:ICP-OES(高周波誘導結合プラズマ発光分析法)
装置:SII社製SPS3500DD
スパッタリングターゲットのスパッタされる面に平行な面を走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)により観察し、JIS G0551の切断法による評価方法で結晶粒径を求める。
測定原理:FE-EPMA 定量分析
測定装置:日本電子社製 JXA-8500F
測定条件:加速電圧15kV
照射電流2×10-7A
ビーム径100μm
測定原理:ホール測定
測定装置:Lake Shore社 8400型
測定条件:200℃でアニール後のサンプルを測定
測定原理:ホール測定
測定装置:Lake Shore社 8400型
測定条件:200℃でアニール後のサンプルを測定
ZnO粉、SnO粉、Ga2O3粉、を準備し、これらの原料粉を表1に記載されるスパッタリングターゲットの組成比となるように調合した後、混合した。次に、この混合粉を湿式微粉砕(ZrO2ビーズ使用)により、平均粒径1.5μm以下に粉砕し、乾燥させた後、見開き500μmの篩別を行った。次に、粉砕粉をカーボン製の型に充填し、アルゴン雰囲気下、焼結温度:950℃、加圧力:250kgf/cm2、焼結時間:2時間の条件下でホットプレスを実施し、得られた酸化物焼結体を機械加工して、スパッタリングターゲットの形状(直径6インチ)に仕上げた。
実施例1と同様、ZnO粉、SnO粉、Ga2O3粉、を準備し、これらの原料粉を表1に記載されるスパッタリングターゲットの組成比となるように調合した後、混合した。次に、この混合粉を、湿式微粉砕(ZrO2ビーズ使用)により、平均粒径1.5μm以下に粉砕し、乾燥させた後、見開き500μmの篩別を行った。次に、カーボン製の型に粉砕粉を充填し、アルゴン雰囲気下、焼結温度:950℃、1020℃、1050℃、加圧力:250kgf/cm2、焼結時間:2時間の条件下でホットプレスを実施し、得られた焼結体を機械加工して、スパッタリングターゲットの形状(直径6インチ)に仕上げた。得られたスパッタリングターゲットについて、相対密度、平均結晶粒径、体積抵抗率を分析した結果を表1に示す。なお、実施例2-7はスパッタリングターゲットの特性を調べるために作製したものであり、成膜は行っていない。
実施例1と同様、ZnO粉、SnO粉、Ga2O3粉、を準備し、これらの原料粉を表1に記載されるスパッタリングターゲットの組成比となるように、調合した後、混合した。なお、比較例1-4については、Ga2O3粉を混合していない。
次に、この混合粉を、湿式微粉砕(ZrO2ビーズ使用)により、平均粒径1.5μm以下に粉砕し、乾燥させた後、見開き500μmの篩別を行った。次に、カーボン製の型に粉砕粉を充填し、表1に記載の条件で焼結を実施し、得られた焼結体を機械加工して、スパッタリングターゲットの形状(直径6インチ)に仕上げた。なお、比較例1-4は、ホットプレス焼結を実施し、比較例5-6は、大気中、焼結温度:1400℃、焼結時間:2時間の条件下で、常圧焼結を実施した。得られたスパッタリングターゲットについて、相対密度、平均結晶粒径、体積抵抗率を分析した結果を表1に示す。なお、比較例5-6は、体積抵抗率が高いため、DCスパッタは不可と推測できる。
実施例1、8で作製したスパッタリングターゲットを、それぞれスパッタ装置に取り付け、上述の条件でスパッタリングを実施して、成膜を行った。成膜例1、2として、膜の組成を表2に示す。各成膜例について、キャリア濃度、移動度、屈折率、消衰係数の分析を行った。その結果、キャリア濃度は、いずれも1.0×1017cm-3以下、移動度は、いずれも5.0cm2/V・s以上と所望の結果が得られた。また、屈折率は、いずれも2.15以下、消衰係数はいずれも0.02以下と良好な結果が得られた。それらの結果を表2に示す。
Claims (5)
- 亜鉛(Zn)、スズ(Sn)、ガリウム(Ga)、酸素(O)を含有するスパッタリングターゲットであって、Gaを、Ga/(Zn+Sn+Ga)の原子比で0.15以上、0.50以下含有し、Snを、Sn/(Zn+Sn)の原子比で0.30以上、0.60以下含有し、体積抵抗率が50Ω・cm以下、であるスパッタリングターゲット。
- 相対密度が97%以上である請求項1に記載のスパッタリングターゲット。
- 平均結晶粒径が10μm以下である請求項1又は2に記載のスパッタリングターゲット。
- 請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載のスパッタリングターゲットの製造方法であって、ZnO粉、SnO粉、Ga2O3粉を秤量、混合した後、ホットプレス焼結する、スパッタリングターゲットの製造方法。
- 混合粉を1000℃~1300℃で仮焼し、仮焼粉をホットプレス焼結する、請求項4に記載のスパッタリングターゲットの製造方法。
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