WO2022242186A1 - 利用磷铁废料制备高纯度磷酸铁的方法 - Google Patents

利用磷铁废料制备高纯度磷酸铁的方法 Download PDF

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WO2022242186A1
WO2022242186A1 PCT/CN2021/142929 CN2021142929W WO2022242186A1 WO 2022242186 A1 WO2022242186 A1 WO 2022242186A1 CN 2021142929 W CN2021142929 W CN 2021142929W WO 2022242186 A1 WO2022242186 A1 WO 2022242186A1
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iron
iron phosphate
phosphate
solution
waste
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PCT/CN2021/142929
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English (en)
French (fr)
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段金亮
李长东
夏阳
阮丁山
陈若葵
乔延超
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广东邦普循环科技有限公司
湖南邦普循环科技有限公司
湖南邦普汽车循环有限公司
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Priority to HU2200291A priority Critical patent/HUP2200291A1/hu
Publication of WO2022242186A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022242186A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B25/00Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
    • C01B25/16Oxyacids of phosphorus; Salts thereof
    • C01B25/26Phosphates
    • C01B25/37Phosphates of heavy metals
    • C01B25/375Phosphates of heavy metals of iron
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/54Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/58Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2006/00Physical properties of inorganic compounds
    • C01P2006/80Compositional purity

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  • the invention belongs to the technical field of iron phosphate preparation, and in particular relates to a method for preparing high-purity iron phosphate by utilizing iron phosphorus waste.
  • Lithium iron phosphate as the positive electrode material for power lithium-ion batteries for new energy electric vehicles, has great application prospects, and in the process of preparing lithium iron phosphate, using iron phosphate as a precursor is to prepare high-performance lithium iron phosphate positive electrode Common processes for materials.
  • ferric phosphate is prepared in a variety of ways, mainly by homogeneous precipitation method, solid phase synthesis method, hydrothermal synthesis method, sol-gel method and other methods. Although these mainstream methods can synthesize Ferric phosphate products with higher purity, but they also have many defects, such as long time-consuming, high energy consumption and so on.
  • the phosphorus-containing iron waste obtained from battery dismantling can be used as a raw material for preparing iron phosphate, it will not only reduce environmental pollution, but also realize resource recycling, which is of great significance.
  • the current technology is not mature, and there are many impurities in the iron phosphate product and the disadvantages of low purity.
  • the present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems in the above-mentioned prior art. For this reason, the present invention proposes a method for preparing high-purity ferric phosphate by using iron phosphorus waste, which can obtain higher-purity ferric phosphate.
  • propose a kind of method that utilizes iron phosphorus scrap to prepare high-purity ferric phosphate comprise the following steps:
  • S1 Mix ferrophosphorus waste with acid solution for dissolution and leaching, and separate solid and liquid to obtain leachate;
  • step S3 adding ion exchange resin to the filtrate obtained in step S2 for deep impurity removal to obtain refined ferrophosphorus liquid;
  • ion exchange resin the role of ion exchange resin is to adsorb and remove impurities, and remove other metal impurities in the filtrate, such as nickel, cobalt, manganese, etc.; fluoride can precipitate aluminum and lithium in the leachate.
  • the iron phosphorus waste material is at least One: the iron content in the ferrophosphorus waste is greater than 20%, and the phosphorus content is greater than 13%.
  • the acid solution is at least one of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid or phosphoric acid.
  • the concentration of the acid solution is 1.0-8.0 mol/L.
  • the reaction power is insufficient.
  • the acid concentration is too high, the liquid phase covers the surface of the reactant, which inhibits the dispersion of the solid phase reactant and is not conducive to the entry of ferrophosphorus into the liquid phase.
  • the acid solution is sulfuric acid; the concentration of the acid solution is 1.0-5.0 mol/L.
  • the liquid-solid ratio of the acid solution to the ferrophosphorus waste is (3-10): 1ml/g.
  • the liquid-solid ratio of leaching is very important for the leaching efficiency of ferrophosphorus waste.
  • the concentration of iron and phosphorus will decrease, which is not conducive to subsequent recycling and high energy consumption.
  • the liquid-solid ratio decreases When , the ion diffusion rate decreases, thus affecting the leaching effect.
  • the liquid-solid ratio of the acid solution to the ferrophosphorus waste is (3-6): 1ml/g.
  • the leaching temperature is 40-90° C., and the leaching time is 30-300 min.
  • the increase in temperature can increase the initial driving force of the reaction, which can promote the chemical reaction rate and ion diffusion rate to a certain extent.
  • the temperature is too high, the evaporation of the leachate will increase significantly, which will increase the requirements for equipment. Therefore, in While obtaining a high metal leaching rate, it is necessary to ensure safety.
  • the temperature of the leaching is 50-80°C, and the leaching time is 60-240min.
  • the reaction temperature for adding iron powder to remove copper is 20-85°C
  • the reaction time is 30-240min
  • the amount of iron powder added is 1-4 times the theoretical requirement of the reaction.
  • Copper removal reaction equation: Cu 2+ +Fe Cu+Fe 2+ , according to the copper content in the solution, use the copper removal equation to calculate how much iron powder needs to be added theoretically, and then add 1-4 times the theoretical amount according to the actual reaction requirements .
  • the reaction temperature for adding iron powder to remove copper is 20-65°C
  • the reaction time is 30-150min
  • the amount of iron powder added is 1-2.5 times the theoretical requirement of the reaction.
  • the fluoride is at least one of sodium fluoride, potassium fluoride, magnesium fluoride or calcium fluoride.
  • the present invention adopts fluoride to remove aluminum and directly precipitates in one step so that aluminum is removed in the form of aluminum fluoride, and the steps are simple.
  • the reaction temperature for adding fluoride to remove aluminum is 20-90° C.
  • the reaction time is 30-240 min
  • the amount of fluoride added is 1-4 times the theoretical requirement of the reaction.
  • Aluminum removal reaction equation: Al 3+ +3F - +9H 2 O AlF 3 9H 2 O ⁇ , according to the aluminum content in the solution, use the aluminum removal equation to calculate how much fluoride needs to be added theoretically, and then add the theoretical amount according to the actual reaction needs 1-4 times as needed.
  • the reaction temperature for adding fluoride to remove aluminum is 40-80° C.
  • the reaction time is 30-150 min
  • the amount of fluoride added is 1-2.5 times the theoretical requirement of the reaction.
  • step S2 after solid-liquid separation, an appropriate amount of weak oxidizing agent is added to the filtrate for oxidation to oxidize ferrous iron into ferric iron, which is beneficial to the subsequent deep impurity removal of the resin.
  • the ion exchange resin is a weakly acidic macroporous cation exchange resin (Tulsion CH-90Na) chelated with diacetamide groups, mainly to remove nickel, cobalt and manganese.
  • the phosphorus source is at least one of phosphoric acid, ammonium phosphate, diamine hydrogen phosphate or ammonium dihydrogen phosphate;
  • the iron source is ferrous oxalate dihydrate, acetic acid At least one of ferrous, ferrous sulfate or ferric sulfate.
  • the addition amount of phosphorus source and iron source is adjusted according to the content of phosphorus and iron in the solution.
  • step S4 lye is added to adjust the pH to 3.05-4.93; the lye is at least one of sodium hydroxide or ammonia water.
  • the main ions contained in the leach solution include: H + , Fe 3+ , SO 4 2- , PO 4 3- and OH - , etc., adjust the pH value of the solution, and the possible precipitates are Fe(OH ) 3 , FePO 4 ⁇ 2H 2 O and Li 3 PO 4 , therefore, when using alkaline solution to adjust the pH value, in order to obtain FePO 4 ⁇ 2H 2 O, the pH value is the most critical for this process.
  • lye is added to adjust the pH to 3.05-4.05.
  • step S4 the reaction temperature is 20-90° C., and the reaction time is 30-300 min.
  • step S4 the reaction temperature is 30-80° C., and the reaction time is 60-240 min.
  • step S5 the temperature of the calcination is 200-800° C., and the calcination time is 2-12 hours.
  • the temperature of the calcination is 250-700° C., and the calcination time is 2-8 hours.
  • the ferrophosphorus waste is dissolved and leached with acid first, so that all the metal ions in the waste enter the solution, and then the solution is preliminarily decoppered and aluminum removed to remove part of the metal impurities in the solution, and then the impurity-removing resin is used to carry out Deep impurity removal, removing the remaining metal impurities in the solution, precipitating the refined ferrophosphorus solution obtained after impurity removal, and roasting to obtain ferric phosphate products with higher purity.
  • the process of the invention is simple, the recovery rate of iron phosphate is greater than 98%, the whole process will not introduce too many impurity ions, the solution can be purified by two steps of impurity removal, and the refined iron phosphorus liquid can be obtained, and then the iron phosphate can be roasted to remove phosphoric acid The impurities in the iron can be decomposed, so as to obtain iron phosphate with high purity, and the impurity content of the product is less than 300ppm.
  • Fig. 1 is the technological process schematic diagram of embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is the SEM picture of the ferric phosphate prepared in Example 1 of the present invention enlarged 5000 times;
  • Fig. 3 is the SEM picture of the ferric phosphate prepared in Example 1 of the present invention enlarged 50000 times;
  • Figure 4 is the XRD pattern of the iron phosphate prepared in Example 1 of the present invention.
  • high-purity iron phosphate was prepared from lithium iron phosphate battery powder.
  • the specific process is as follows:
  • step S2 Add 1.5 times the reduced iron powder required by the reaction theory to the filtrate obtained in step S1, react at a temperature of 30°C for 60 minutes, and then add 2 times the fluoride required by the reaction theory to the filtrate after liquid-solid separation. Reaction at 60°C for 120 minutes, solid-liquid separation;
  • step S3 the filtrate obtained in step S2 is then subjected to deep impurity removal by ion exchange resin to obtain refined ferrophosphorus liquid;
  • Fig. 1 is the process flow chart of this embodiment, the raw material is added into acid solution for leaching, the filtrate is added with reduced iron powder to remove copper, fluoride is added to remove aluminum, and ion exchange resin is added for deep impurity removal, after filtration, the filtrate is added with phosphorus source and lye to carry out Precipitation reaction, followed by high-temperature roasting to obtain iron phosphate products.
  • Figures 2 and 3 are the SEM images of the ferric phosphate prepared in this example at different multiples, as can be seen from the figure, the particle size distribution of the synthetic ferric phosphate is relatively uniform, mainly formed by the flaky primary particles growing up to form 2- The secondary spherical particles of 3 ⁇ m form agglomerates with a particle size of 5-6 ⁇ m.
  • Fig. 4 is the XRD pattern of the iron phosphate prepared in this example, as can be seen from the figure, compared with the spectrogram of the standard card (PDF#29-0715), the characteristic peaks of the prepared iron phosphate XRD pattern match one by one, and there is no other The existence of miscellaneous peaks, sharp diffraction peaks and obvious characteristic peaks indicate that the prepared ferric phosphate has high purity and good crystallinity.
  • test results of the iron phosphate product show that all the indicators of the product comply with HG/T 4701-2014, and the specific test data are shown in Table 1.
  • Test items standard value measured value Iron (Fe), wt% 29.0-30.0 29.26 Phosphorus (P), wt% 16.2-17.2 16.20 Iron to phosphorus ratio (Fe:P) 0.97-1.02 1.0015 Calcium (Ca), wt% ⁇ 0.005 0.001 Magnesium (Mg), wt% ⁇ 0.005 0.0026 Sodium (Na), wt% ⁇ 0.01 0.0001 Potassium (K), wt% ⁇ 0.01 0.0001 Copper (Cu), wt% ⁇ 0.005 0.0001 Aluminum (Al), wt% ⁇ 0.01 0.0035 Zinc (Zn), wt% ⁇ 0.005 0.0001 Nickel (Ni), wt% ⁇ 0.005 0.004 Sulfate (as SO 4 ), wt% ⁇ 0.01 0.0095 Chloride (as Cl), wt% ⁇ 0.01 0.0005
  • high-purity ferric phosphate is prepared from ferric phosphate waste as a raw material, and the specific process is as follows:
  • step S2 Add 2 times the reduced iron powder required by the reaction theory to the filtrate obtained in step S1, react at a temperature of 40°C for 90 minutes, and then add 1.5 times the fluoride required by the reaction theory to the filtrate after liquid-solid separation. Reaction at 65°C for 90 minutes, solid-liquid separation;
  • step S3 the filtrate obtained in step S2 is then subjected to deep impurity removal through ion exchange resin to obtain refined ferrophosphorus liquid;
  • test results of the iron phosphate product show that all the indicators of the product comply with HG/T 4701-2014, and the specific test data are shown in Table 4.
  • Test items standard value measured value Iron (Fe), wt% 29.0-30.0 29.31 Phosphorus (P), wt% 16.2-17.2 16.29 Iron to phosphorus ratio (Fe:P) 0.97-1.02 0.9977 Calcium (Ca), wt% ⁇ 0.005 0.0008 Magnesium (Mg), wt% ⁇ 0.005 0.0024 Sodium (Na), wt% ⁇ 0.01 0.0001 Potassium (K), wt% ⁇ 0.01 0.0001 Copper (Cu), wt% ⁇ 0.005 0.0000 Aluminum (Al), wt% ⁇ 0.01 0.0000 Zinc (Zn), wt% ⁇ 0.005 0.0001
  • high-purity iron phosphate was prepared from the mixed waste of lithium iron phosphate and nickel-cobalt lithium manganese oxide.
  • the specific process is as follows:
  • step S2 Add 1.2 times the reduced iron powder required by the reaction theory to the filtrate obtained in step S1, react at a temperature of 40°C for 60 minutes, and then add 2 times the fluoride required by the reaction theory to the filtrate after liquid-solid separation. Reaction at 70°C for 90 minutes, solid-liquid separation;
  • step S3 the filtrate obtained in step S2 is then subjected to deep impurity removal by ion exchange resin to obtain refined ferrophosphorus liquid;
  • test results of the iron phosphate product show that all the indicators of the product comply with HG/T 4701-2014, and the specific test data are shown in Table 6.
  • Test items standard value measured value Iron (Fe), wt% 29.0-30.0 29.15
  • Table 7 shows the recovery rates of phosphorus and iron elements in the ferric phosphate products obtained in Examples 1-3.
  • Example 1 Example 2
  • Example 3 Phosphorus recovery rate (%) 98.35 98.68 98.13 Iron recovery rate (%) 98.52 99.08 98.93
  • is the yield (%) of corresponding element
  • m 1/2 is respectively the quality (g) of Fe, P in the liquid after precipitation
  • m is the quality (g) of reaction raw material
  • ⁇ 1/2 is Fe in the raw material , the mass fraction (%) of P.
  • the iron phosphate prepared by the method of the present invention has a recovery rate of phosphorus and iron greater than 98%.

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Abstract

提供了一种利用磷铁废料制备高纯度磷酸铁的方法,先将磷铁废料与酸溶液混合进行溶解浸出,向浸出液加入铁粉除铜,再加入氟化物除铝,固液分离,向滤液加入离子交换树脂进行深度除杂,得到精制磷铁液,向精制磷铁液中加入磷源或铁源调整铁磷比,加入碱液调节pH,再搅拌反应,得到二水磷酸铁,将二水磷酸铁进行焙烧,即得磷酸铁。工艺简单,磷酸铁的回收率大于98%,整个过程不会引入过多的杂质离子,对溶液进行两步除杂即可得到精制磷铁液,后续再对磷酸铁进行焙烧可除去磷酸铁中可分解的杂质,从而得到纯度较高的磷酸铁,产品杂质含量低于300ppm。

Description

利用磷铁废料制备高纯度磷酸铁的方法 技术领域
本发明属于磷酸铁制备技术领域,具体涉及一种利用磷铁废料制备高纯度磷酸铁的方法。
背景技术
磷酸铁锂作为新能源电动车用动力型锂离子电池的正极材料,具有很大的应用前景,而在制备磷酸铁锂的工艺中,采用磷酸铁作为前驱体是制备高性能的磷酸铁锂正极材料的常用工艺。
然而,目前市售磷酸铁的制备工艺多种多样,主要是采用均相沉淀法、固相合成法、水热合成法、溶胶-凝胶法等方法制备而成,主流的这些方法虽然可以合成纯度较高的磷酸铁产品,但是它们也存在很多缺陷,如耗时长、能耗高等。
若能将电池拆解得到的含磷铁的废料用来作为制备磷酸铁的原料,不仅可以减少对环境的污染,又可以实现资源的循环利用,具有非常重要的意义。然而,目前的这种工艺并不成熟,存在磷酸铁产品杂质多,纯度不高的缺点。
发明内容
本发明旨在至少解决上述现有技术中存在的技术问题之一。为此,本发明提出一种利用磷铁废料制备高纯度磷酸铁的方法,能够获得较高纯度的磷酸铁。
根据本发明的一个方面,提出了一种利用磷铁废料制备高纯度磷酸铁的方法,包括以下步骤:
S1:将磷铁废料与酸溶液混合进行溶解浸出,固液分离,得到浸出液;
S2:向所述浸出液加入铁粉除铜,再加入氟化物,固液分离;
S3:向步骤S2得到的滤液加入离子交换树脂进行深度除杂,得到精制磷铁液;
S4:向所述精制磷铁液中加入磷源或铁源调整铁磷比,加入碱液,再搅拌反应,得 到二水磷酸铁;
S5:将所述二水磷酸铁进行焙烧,即得磷酸铁产品。
其中,离子交换树脂的作用是吸附除杂,除去滤液中的其它金属杂质,如镍、钴、锰等;氟化物可以沉降浸出液中的铝和锂。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,步骤S1中,所述磷铁废料为磷酸铁锂电池粉、磷酸铁锂极片粉、磷酸铁废料或磷酸铁锂和镍钴锰酸锂混合废料中的至少一种;所述磷铁废料中铁含量大于20%,磷含量大于13%。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,步骤S1中,所述酸溶液为硫酸、盐酸、硝酸或磷酸中的至少一种。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,步骤S1中,所述酸溶液的浓度为1.0-8.0mol/L。当体系中酸浓度较低时,反应动力不足,当酸浓度过高时,液相覆盖在反应物表面,抑制了固相反应物的分散,不利于磷铁进入液相中。
在本发明的一些优选的实施方式中,所述酸溶液为硫酸;所述酸溶液的浓度为1.0-5.0mol/L。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,步骤S1中,所述酸溶液与所述磷铁废料的液固比为(3-10):1ml/g。浸出的液固比对于磷铁废料的浸出效率来说非常重要,当液固比过大,将导致铁、磷浓度降低,不利于后续的回收处理,能耗较高,但当液固比降低时,离子扩散速率降低,从而影响浸出效果。
在本发明的一些优选的实施方式中,所述酸溶液与所述磷铁废料的液固比为(3-6):1ml/g。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,步骤S1中,所述浸出的温度为40-90℃,浸出的时间为30-300min。温度升高可以使得反应的初始驱动力增大,对化学反应速率和离子扩散速率有一定促进作用,但当温度过高时,浸出液的蒸发量大幅增加,会对设备的要求增大,所以在得到高的金属浸出率的同时又要保证安全性。
在本发明的一些优选的实施方式中,所述浸出的温度为50-80℃,浸出的时间为 60-240min。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,步骤S2中,加入铁粉除铜的反应温度为20-85℃,反应的时间为30-240min,加入铁粉的量为反应理论所需1-4倍。除铜反应方程式:Cu 2++Fe=Cu+Fe 2+,根据溶液中铜的含量,利用除铜方程式计算理论需要加入多少铁粉,然后根据实际反应需求加入理论所需的1-4倍。
在本发明的一些优选的实施方式中,加入铁粉除铜的反应温度为20-65℃,反应的时间为30-150min,加入铁粉的量为反应理论所需1-2.5倍。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,步骤S2中,所述氟化物为氟化钠、氟化钾、氟化镁或氟化钙中的至少一种。本发明采用氟化物除铝直接一步沉淀使得铝以氟化铝的形式除去,步骤简单。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,步骤S2中,加入氟化物除铝的反应温度为20-90℃,反应的时间为30-240min,加入氟化物的量为反应理论所需1-4倍。除铝反应方程式:Al 3++3F -+9H 2O=AlF 3·9H 2O↓,根据溶液中铝的含量,利用除铝方程式计算理论需要加入多少氟化物,然后根据实际反应需求加入理论所需的1-4倍。
在本发明的一些优选的实施方式中,加入氟化物除铝的反应温度为40-80℃,反应的时间为30-150min,加入氟化物的量为反应理论所需1-2.5倍。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,步骤S2中,固液分离后向滤液加入适量的弱氧化剂进行氧化,将亚铁氧化为三价铁,有利于后续进行树脂的深度除杂。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,步骤S3中,所述离子交换树脂为螯合有二乙酸亚胺基的弱酸型大孔阳离子交换树脂(Tulsion CH-90Na),主要将镍钴锰除掉。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,步骤S4中,所述磷源为磷酸、磷酸铵、磷酸氢二胺或磷酸二氢铵中的至少一种;所述铁源为二水合草酸亚铁、醋酸亚铁、硫酸亚铁或硫酸铁中的至少一种。磷源和铁源的加入量根据溶液中的磷铁含量来调整。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,步骤S4中,加入碱液调节pH至3.05-4.93;所述碱液为氢氧化钠或氨水中的至少一种。磷铁废料浸出后,浸出液中主要含有的离子包括: H +、Fe 3+、SO 4 2-、PO 4 3-和OH -等,调节溶液的PH值,可能生成的的沉淀有Fe(OH) 3、FePO 4·2H 2O和Li 3PO 4,因此,在使用碱溶液调节PH值时,要想得到FePO 4·2H 2O,PH值对于此工艺来说最为关键。
在本发明的一些优选的实施方式中,加入碱液调节pH至3.05-4.05。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,步骤S4中,所述反应的温度为20-90℃,反应的时间为30-300min。
在本发明的一些优选的实施方式中,步骤S4中,所述反应的温度为30-80℃,反应的时间为60-240min。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,步骤S5中,所述焙烧的温度为200-800℃,焙烧的时间为2-12h。
在本发明的一些优选的实施方式中,所述焙烧的温度为250-700℃,焙烧的时间为2-8h。
根据本发明的一种优选的实施方式,至少具有以下有益效果:
本发明先将磷铁废料用酸溶解浸出,使得废料中的金属离子全部进到溶液中,再对溶液进行初步除铜、除铝,除掉溶液中的部分金属杂质,再经除杂树脂进行深度除杂,除掉溶液中剩余的金属杂质,将除杂后得到的精制磷铁液进行沉淀,焙烧得到纯度较高的磷酸铁产品。本发明工艺简单,磷酸铁的回收率大于98%,整个过程不会引入过多的杂质离子,对溶液进行两步除杂即可得到精制磷铁液,后续再对磷酸铁进行焙烧可除去磷酸铁中可分解的杂质,从而得到纯度较高的磷酸铁,产品杂质含量低于300ppm。
附图说明
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明做进一步的说明,其中:
图1为本发明实施例1的工艺流程示意图;
图2为本发明实施例1制备的磷酸铁放大5000倍的SEM图;
图3为本发明实施例1制备的磷酸铁放大50000倍的SEM图;
图4为本发明实施例1制备的磷酸铁的XRD图。
具体实施方式
以下将结合实施例对本发明的构思及产生的技术效果进行清楚、完整地描述,以充分地理解本发明的目的、特征和效果。显然,所描述的实施例只是本发明的一部分实施例,而不是全部实施例,基于本发明的实施例,本领域的技术人员在不付出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的其他实施例,均属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
本实施例以磷酸铁锂电池粉为原料制备了高纯度磷酸铁,具体过程为:
S1:将100g磷酸铁锂电池粉与2.0mol/L的硫酸溶液以液固比为5∶1ml/g混合,在浸出温度为80℃下反应180min,反应结束后,固液分离,保存滤液;
S2:向步骤S1得到的滤液中加入反应理论所需1.5倍的还原铁粉,在温度为30℃下反应60min,液固分离后再向滤液中加入反应理论所需2倍的氟化物,在温度为60℃下反应120min,固液分离;
S3:将步骤S2得到的滤液再经离子交换树脂进行深度除杂得到精制磷铁液;
S4:向精制磷铁液中加入20ml的1.5mol/L的磷酸,调整铁磷比,同时加入氨水调节pH至3.5,在温度为60℃的状态下搅拌反应240min,过滤干燥得到二水磷酸铁;
S5:将二水磷酸铁在温度为400℃下焙烧3h,获得高纯度的磷酸铁产品。
图1为本实施例的工艺流程图,原料加入酸溶液浸出,滤液加还原铁粉除铜,加氟化物除铝,再加离子交换树脂深度除杂,过滤后滤液加磷源和碱液进行沉淀反应,再高温焙烧得到磷酸铁产品。
图2和3为本实施例制备的磷酸铁在不同倍数下的SEM图,由图中可以看出,合成的磷酸铁的颗粒大小分布较为均匀,主要是由片状一次粒子长大形成2-3μm的二次类球状颗粒,形成粒度为5-6μm的团聚体。
图4为本实施例制备的磷酸铁的XRD图,从图中可以看出,制备的磷酸铁XRD图与标准卡片(PDF#29-0715)谱图相比,特征峰一一吻合,无其它杂峰存在,其衍射峰尖锐,特征峰明显,说明制备的磷酸铁纯度高,结晶性好。
本实施例的原料磷酸铁锂电池粉中各元素的含量如表1所示。
表1
成分 Li Fe P Cu Al O、C、H及其他杂质
含量(%) 2.51 22.45 13.15 1.17 1.05 59.89
磷酸铁产品的检测结果表明,该产品各项指标均符合HG/T 4701—2014,具体检测数据参见表1。
表2
检测项目 标准值 实测值
铁(Fe),wt% 29.0-30.0 29.26
磷(P),wt% 16.2-17.2 16.20
铁磷比(Fe∶P) 0.97-1.02 1.0015
钙(Ca),wt% ≤0.005 0.001
镁(Mg),wt% ≤0.005 0.0026
钠(Na),wt% ≤0.01 0.0001
钾(K),wt% ≤0.01 0.0001
铜(Cu),wt% ≤0.005 0.0001
铝(Al),wt% ≤0.01 0.0035
锌(Zn),wt% ≤0.005 0.0001
镍(Ni),wt% ≤0.005 0.004
硫酸盐(以SO 4计),wt% ≤0.01 0.0095
氯化物(以Cl计),wt% ≤0.01 0.0005
实施例2
本实施例以磷酸铁废料为原料制备了高纯度磷酸铁,具体过程为:
S1:将100g磷酸铁废料与1.5mol/L的硫酸溶液以液固比为5∶1ml/g混合,在浸出温度为80℃下反应120min,反应结束后,固液分离,保存滤液;
S2:向步骤S1得到的滤液中加入反应理论所需2倍的还原铁粉,在温度为40℃下反应90min,液固分离后再向滤液中加入反应理论所需1.5倍的氟化物,在温度为65℃下反应90min,固液分离;
S3:将步骤S2得到的滤液再经离子交换树脂进行深度除杂得到精制磷铁液;
S4:向精制磷铁液中加入20ml的1.5mol/L的磷酸,调整铁磷比,同时加入氨水调节pH至3.5,在温度为60℃的状态下搅拌反应240min,过滤干燥得到二水磷酸铁;
S5:将二水磷酸铁在温度为450℃下焙烧2.5h,获得高纯度的磷酸铁产品。
本实施例的原料磷酸铁废料中各元素的含量如表3所示。
表3
成分 Fe P O、H及其他杂质
含量(%) 36.43 20.31 43.26
磷酸铁产品的检测结果表明,该产品各项指标均符合HG/T 4701—2014,具体检测数据参见表4。
表4
检测项目 标准值 实测值
铁(Fe),wt% 29.0-30.0 29.31
磷(P),wt% 16.2-17.2 16.29
铁磷比(Fe∶P) 0.97-1.02 0.9977
钙(Ca),wt% ≤0.005 0.0008
镁(Mg),wt% ≤0.005 0.0024
钠(Na),wt% ≤0.01 0.0001
钾(K),wt% ≤0.01 0.0001
铜(Cu),wt% ≤0.005 0.0000
铝(Al),wt% ≤0.01 0.0000
锌(Zn),wt% ≤0.005 0.0001
镍(Ni),wt% ≤0.005 0.0032
硫酸盐(以SO 4计),wt% ≤0.01 0.0083
氯化物(以Cl计),wt% ≤0.01 0.0004
实施例3
本实施例以磷酸铁锂和镍钴锰酸锂混合废料为原料制备了高纯度磷酸铁,具体过程为:
S1:将100g磷酸铁锂和镍钴锰酸锂混合废料与2.5mol/L的硫酸溶液以液固比为5∶1ml/g混合,在浸出温度为80℃下反应180min,反应结束后,固液分离,保存滤液;
S2:向步骤S1得到的滤液中加入反应理论所需1.2倍的还原铁粉,在温度为40℃下反应60min,液固分离后再向滤液中加入反应理论所需2倍的氟化物,在温度为70℃下反应90min,固液分离;
S3:将步骤S2得到的滤液再经离子交换树脂进行深度除杂得到精制磷铁液;
S4:向精制磷铁液中加入30ml的1.5mol/L的磷酸,调整铁磷比,同时加入氨水调节pH至3.5,在温度为60℃的状态下搅拌反应240min,过滤干燥得到二水磷酸铁;
S5:将二水磷酸铁在温度为500℃下焙烧2h,获得高纯度的磷酸铁产品。
本实施例的原料磷酸铁废料中各元素的含量如表5所示。
表5
成分 Li Fe P Cu Al Ni Co Mn O、C、H及其他杂质
含量(%) 6.32 21.67 13.45 2.31 1.67 4.57 8.61 4.26 37.14
磷酸铁产品的检测结果表明,该产品各项指标均符合HG/T 4701—2014,具体检测数据参见表6。
表6
检测项目 标准值 实测值
铁(Fe),wt% 29.0-30.0 29.15
磷(P),wt% 16.2-17.2 16.23
铁磷比(Fe∶P) 0.97-1.02 0.9959
钙(Ca),wt% ≤0.005 0.0015
镁(Mg),wt% ≤0.005 0.0027
钠(Na),wt% ≤0.01 0.0001
钾(K),wt% ≤0.01 0.0001
铜(Cu),wt% ≤0.005 0.0014
铝(Al),wt% ≤0.01 0.0032
锌(Zn),wt% ≤0.005 0.0001
镍(Ni),wt% ≤0.005 0.0026
钴(Co),wt% ≤0.005 0.0045
锰(Mn),wt% ≤0.005 0.0031
硫酸盐(以SO 4计),wt% ≤0.01 0.0097
氯化物(以Cl计),wt% ≤0.01 0.0006
表7为实施例1-3制得磷酸铁产品中磷和铁元素的回收率。
表7
  实施例1 实施例2 实施例3
磷的回收率(%) 98.35 98.68 98.13
铁的回收率(%) 98.52 99.08 98.93
回收率η计算公式为:η=1-(m1/2 沉淀后液)/(mω1/2)
式中:η为相应元素的收率(%);m1/2分別为Fe、P在沉淀后液中的质量(g);m为反应原料的质量(g),ω1/2为原料中Fe、P的质量分数(%)。
从表7可以看出,采用本发明方法制备的磷酸铁,其磷和铁的回收率都大于98%。
上面结合附图对本发明实施例作了详细说明,但是本发明不限于上述实施例,在所属技术领域普通技术人员所具备的知识范围内,还可以在不脱离本发明宗旨的前提下作 出各种变化。此外,在不冲突的情况下,本发明的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种利用磷铁废料制备高纯度磷酸铁的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
    S1:将磷铁废料与酸溶液混合进行溶解浸出,固液分离,得到浸出液;
    S2:向所述浸出液加入铁粉除铜,再加入氟化物,固液分离;
    S3:向步骤S2得到的滤液加入离子交换树脂进行深度除杂,得到精制磷铁液;
    S4:向所述精制磷铁液中加入磷源或铁源调整铁磷比,加入碱液调节pH,再搅拌反应,得到二水磷酸铁;
    S5:将所述二水磷酸铁进行焙烧,即得所述磷酸铁。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤S1中,所述磷铁废料为磷酸铁锂电池粉、磷酸铁废料或磷酸铁锂和镍钴锰酸锂混合废料中的至少一种;所述磷铁废料中铁含量大于20%,磷含量大于13%。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤S1中,所述酸溶液为硫酸、盐酸、硝酸或磷酸中的至少一种。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤S1中,所述酸溶液的浓度为1.0-8.0mol/L;所述酸溶液与所述磷铁废料的液固比为(3-10):1ml/g。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤S1中,所述浸出的温度为40-90℃,浸出的时间为30-300min。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤S2中,所述氟化物为氟化钠、氟化钾、氟化镁或氟化钙中的至少一种。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤S4中,所述磷源为磷酸、磷酸铵、磷酸氢二胺或磷酸二氢铵中的至少一种;所述铁源为二水合草酸亚铁、醋酸亚铁、硫酸亚铁或硫酸铁中的至少一种。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤S4中,加入碱液调节pH至3.05-4.93;所述碱液为氢氧化钠或氨水中的至少一种。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤S4中,所述反应的温度为20-90℃, 反应的时间为30-300min。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤S5中,所述焙烧的温度为200-800℃,焙烧的时间为2-12h。
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