WO2022137673A1 - ガラス構造体とその製造方法 - Google Patents

ガラス構造体とその製造方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022137673A1
WO2022137673A1 PCT/JP2021/033934 JP2021033934W WO2022137673A1 WO 2022137673 A1 WO2022137673 A1 WO 2022137673A1 JP 2021033934 W JP2021033934 W JP 2021033934W WO 2022137673 A1 WO2022137673 A1 WO 2022137673A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
light
glass
shielding
plate
translucent
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2021/033934
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
駿介 定金
和俊 津川
Original Assignee
Ａｇｃ株式会社
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ａｇｃ株式会社 filed Critical Ａｇｃ株式会社
Priority to CN202180086389.4A priority Critical patent/CN116723967A/zh
Priority to DE112021006663.3T priority patent/DE112021006663T5/de
Publication of WO2022137673A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022137673A1/ja
Priority to US18/213,658 priority patent/US20230337335A1/en

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    • B32B2605/08—Cars
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/011—Heaters using laterally extending conductive material as connecting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/014—Heaters using resistive wires or cables not provided for in H05B3/54
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/016—Heaters using particular connecting means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a glass structure and a method for manufacturing the same.
  • An optical device including an optical device and a housing called a bracket or the like for accommodating the optical device may be installed.
  • the housing has a window portion on the windshield side through which light passes.
  • the part facing the window part of the housing of the optical device is a translucent part through which light passes, and a light-shielding processed part is provided around it to prevent unnecessary light from entering. Be done.
  • the glass plate used for the windshield laminated glass or tempered glass in which a plurality of glass plates are bonded is preferable.
  • the glass plate can be light-shielded by applying a paste containing a black pigment and a glass frit to a predetermined area of the glass plate of the windshield material and firing the paste to form a light-shielding layer.
  • the light-shielded glass plate is thermoformed and processed into a shape having a curved surface.
  • a light-shielding layer may be formed on the surface of the manufactured laminated glass.
  • the light-shielding processed portion having the light-shielding layer is relatively thicker than the light-transmitting portion without the light-shielding layer. Further, in the thermoforming step, the black light-shielding processed portion has a larger heat absorption amount and a higher temperature than the translucent portion. Due to these factors, in the light-shielding processed glass plate, unevenness occurs in the vicinity of the boundary between the light-shielding processed portion and the translucent portion, which causes fluoroscopic distortion in the vicinity of the boundary between the light-shielding processed portion and the translucent portion. The resulting image may be distorted.
  • Patent Document 1 for the purpose of solving the above-mentioned problems, a translucent plate-like member (5) is interposed inside an light-shielding processed portion on the inner surface of a window glass for a vehicle via an adhesive (4).
  • the attached window glass for a vehicle with an optical device is disclosed (claim 1, FIG. 3 and the like).
  • a heating wire or a heating film is placed on the translucent part of the front glass located in front of the optical device such as a camera and radar included in the optical device to prevent fogging and freezing. It is preferable to provide it.
  • the front glass is made of laminated glass, and a heating film (13) and a pair of bus bars (26, 27) for supplying power to the electric heating film (13) are formed between a pair of glass plates constituting the laminated glass for a vehicle.
  • Window glass is disclosed (claim 1, [mode for carrying out the invention], FIGS. 1, 2, etc.).
  • an electric heating film (13) is formed on substantially the entire surface in a plan view, and bus bars (26, 27) are formed in a band shape on an upper end portion and a lower end portion (FIG. 1).
  • an electric heating film is formed on substantially the entire surface of a glass plate made of a laminated glass material constituting a windshield, and bus bars are formed on upper and lower ends in a band shape. It takes time and cost to form a pair of bus bars.
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, can suppress fluoroscopic distortion in the vicinity of the boundary between the light-shielding processed portion and the translucent portion, can easily form a heating wire and a bus bar at low cost, and can draw out wiring from the bus bar.
  • the purpose is to provide a glass structure with a high degree of design freedom.
  • the present invention provides the following glass structure and a method for manufacturing the same.
  • An optical device mounting area to which an optical device is mounted a translucent portion located within the optical device mounting area, and a translucent portion through which incident light to the optical device and / or emitted light from the optical device passes from the outside.
  • a light-shielding glass plate having a light-shielding processed portion that surrounds at least a part of the translucent portion,
  • a translucent plate-like member thinner than the light-shielding glass plate which is mounted on the mounting surface of the optical device of the light-shielding glass plate so as to cover the translucent portion and a part of the light-shielding processed portion.
  • It has a conductive pattern film containing one or more heating wires formed between the light-shielding processed glass plate and the translucent plate-shaped member.
  • the translucent plate-like member is adhered to the light-shielding glass plate via an adhesive film.
  • the heating wire is formed in the adhesive film and is formed.
  • the light-shielding processed glass plate is a laminated glass having a light-shielding layer formed inside and / or a part of the surface thereof.
  • a step (S22) of preparing a resin film with a conductive pattern film in which the conductive pattern film is formed on a resin film for adhesion and The step of preparing the translucent plate-shaped member (S23) and A glass temporary laminate obtained by arranging and stacking a resin film for adhesion between the plurality of glass plates so that the pair of bus bars are located on the outermost surface, and the resin with a conductive pattern film.
  • a translucent plate-like member thinner than the light-shielding glass plate is provided on the mounting surface of the optical device of the light-shielding glass plate so as to cover a part of the light-transmitting portion and the light-shielding portion. It is attached.
  • One or more heating wires are formed on the translucent plate-shaped member, and a pair of bus bars are formed on the light-shielding processed glass plate.
  • FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line III-III of the first aspect of the glass structure of FIG.
  • FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line III-III of the second aspect of the glass structure of FIG.
  • It is a schematic cross-sectional view which shows the manufacturing method of the glass structure of 1st Embodiment which concerns on this invention.
  • It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows the manufacturing method of the glass structure of 2nd Embodiment which concerns on this invention.
  • the thin film structure is referred to as a "film", a “sheet” or the like, depending on the thickness. These are not explicitly distinguished herein. Therefore, the "film” referred to in the present specification may include a "sheet”.
  • the "abbreviation” attached to a shape is partially changed, such as a chamfered shape with rounded corners, a shape in which a part of the shape is missing, or a shape in which an arbitrary small shape is added to the shape. Means the shape of the chamfer.
  • FIG. 1 is an overall plan view of the glass structure of the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged plan view of FIG. 1 and 2 are perspective views.
  • FIG. 3A is a sectional view taken along line III-III of the first aspect of the glass structure of the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 3B is a sectional view taken along line III-III of the second aspect of the glass structure of the present embodiment. All of these are schematic views, and in order to make them easier to see, the scale of each component is appropriately different from the actual one for each drawing.
  • the glass structure 1 of the present embodiment is located in the optical device mounting area OP to which the optical device is mounted and the optical device mounting area OP, and is incident light from the outside to the optical device and / or It has a light-shielding processed glass plate 10 having a light-transmitting portion TP through which light emitted from an optical device passes and a light-shielding processed portion BP surrounding at least a part of the light-transmitting portion TP.
  • the light-shielding processed portion BP is a portion that has been subjected to light-shielding processing.
  • the glass structure 1 of the present embodiment can be preferably applied to glass for vehicles such as automobiles, for example.
  • it can be applied to a windshield, a side glass and a rear glass, and can be preferably applied to a windshield.
  • the shape of the glass structure 1 can be appropriately designed, and examples thereof include a shape in which a substantially trapezoidal plate in a plan view is entirely curved.
  • the light-shielding processed glass plate 10 is a glass plate having a light-shielding processed portion BP that has been subjected to light-shielding processing.
  • the glass plate include tempered glass, laminated glass, and organic glass, and tempered glass or laminated glass is preferable.
  • the light-shielding processed glass plate 10 is a light-shielding tempered glass 10A in which a light-shielding layer BL is formed on a part of the surface of the tempered glass 11. After the light-shielding layer BL is formed, the light-shielding tempered glass 10A is thermoformed and processed into a shape having a curved surface, if necessary.
  • a light-shielding layer BL is formed inside and / or a part of the surface of the laminated glass in which a plurality of glass plates 12 are bonded via an interlayer film 13. It is a light-shielding laminated glass 10B.
  • the light-shielding laminated glass 10B may be prepared in advance by preparing a plurality of glass plates 12 having a light-shielding layer BL formed on a part of at least one surface thereof and laminating them via an interlayer film 13.
  • a light-shielding layer BL may be formed on a part of the surface of the laminated glass.
  • the light-shielding laminated glass 10B is formed by bonding two glass plates 12 having a light-shielding layer BL formed on a part of the surface thereof via an interlayer film 13.
  • the laminated glass may be made by laminating three or more glass plates.
  • a plurality of glass plates, which are materials for laminated glass, are thermoformed, processed into a shape having a curved surface, and then bonded together, if necessary.
  • the type of the glass plate which is the material of the tempered glass and the laminated glass is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include soda lime glass, borosilicate glass, aluminosilicate glass, lithium silicate glass, quartz glass, sapphire glass, and non-alkali glass. ..
  • the tempered glass is a glass plate as described above that has been tempered by a known method such as an ion exchange method or an air-cooled tempering method. As the tempered glass, air-cooled tempered glass is preferable.
  • the thickness of the tempered glass is not particularly limited and is designed according to the application. For applications such as windshields, side glass and rear glass of vehicles, it is preferably 2 to 6 mm.
  • the thickness of the laminated glass is not particularly limited, and it is designed according to the application. For applications such as windshields, side glass and rear glass of vehicles, it is preferably 2 to 6 mm.
  • the tempered glass and the laminated glass may have a coating having functions such as water repellency, low reflection, low radiation, ultraviolet shielding, infrared shielding, and coloring in at least a part of the surface.
  • the laminated glass may have a film having functions such as low reflection, low radiation, ultraviolet shielding, infrared shielding, and coloring in at least a part of the interior.
  • At least a part of the interlayer film of the laminated glass may have functions such as ultraviolet shielding, infrared shielding, and coloring.
  • the interlayer film of the laminated glass may be a single-layer film or a laminated film.
  • the laminated glass may have a film or device having functions such as light emission, dimming, reflection of infrared rays or visible light, light scattering, light absorption, and decoration inside.
  • Examples of the material of the organic glass include engineering plastics such as polycarbonate (PC); polyethylene terephthalate (PET): acrylic resin such as polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA); polyvinyl chloride; polystyrene (PS); combinations thereof and the like.
  • engineering plastics such as polycarbonate (PC) are preferred.
  • the light-shielding layer BL can be formed by a known method, and for example, a paste containing a black pigment and a glass frit in a predetermined region on the surface of a tempered glass 11, a glass plate 12 which is a material of a laminated glass, a laminated glass, or an organic glass. Can be formed by applying and heating.
  • the thickness of the light-shielding layer BL is not particularly limited, and is, for example, 5 to 20 ⁇ m.
  • the region of the light-shielding processing portion BP includes a region in which the light-transmitting portion TP is removed from the optical device mounting region OP, preferably a region in which the light-transmitting portion TP is removed from the optical device mounting region OP and glass.
  • the peripheral portion of the structure 1 is included.
  • Optical devices include, for example, optical devices such as cameras, LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging), radars, and optical sensors that acquire information in front of the vehicle for automatic driving and prevention of collision accidents. It can include a housing called a bracket or the like.
  • the shapes of the optical device mounting area OP and the translucent portion TP can be appropriately designed according to the shape of the optical device, and examples thereof include a substantially trapezoidal shape and a substantially rectangular shape.
  • the shapes of the optical device mounting area OP and the translucent portion TP may be similar or non-similar. In the illustrated example, the shapes of the optical device mounting area OP and the translucent portion TP are substantially trapezoidal.
  • the light-shielding processed portion BP surrounds all four sides of the light-transmitting portion TP, but the light-shielding processed portion BP may surround at least a part of the light-transmitting portion TP, for example, a substantially trapezoidal shape or a substantially rectangular shape. It may surround only three sides of the translucent portion TP of the shape.
  • the wavelength range of the light transmitted by the translucent part TP is not particularly limited, and is, for example, a visible light range, an infrared light range, a visible light range to an infrared light range, and the like.
  • the planar shape of the translucent plate-shaped member 31 can be appropriately designed, and examples thereof include a substantially rectangular shape, a substantially trapezoidal shape, and a combination thereof.
  • the planar shape of the translucent plate-shaped member 31 is substantially rectangular.
  • the thickness of the translucent plate-like member 31 can be appropriately designed within a range satisfying the conditions thinner than the light-shielding glass plate 10, and is preferably 1 mm or less, more preferably 0.8 mm or less, particularly preferably 0.5 mm or less, and most preferably. Is 0.3 mm or less.
  • the lower limit of the thickness of the translucent plate-shaped member 31 is not particularly limited, and is preferably 0.1 mm. Since the thickness of the translucent plate-shaped member 31 is as thin as 1 mm or less, the translucent plate-shaped member 31 can be satisfactorily adapted to the curved surface of the light-shielding processed glass plate 10, which is preferable.
  • the material of the translucent plate-shaped member 31 is not particularly limited, and glass and / or resin is preferable.
  • glass tempered glass such as chemically tempered glass is preferable.
  • the resin include engineering plastics such as polycarbonate (PC); polyethylene terephthalate (PET): acrylic resins such as polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA); polyvinyl chloride; polystyrene (PS); combinations thereof, and polycarbonate (PC). ) And other engineering plastics are preferred.
  • PC polycarbonate
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • acrylic resins such as polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA); polyvinyl chloride; polystyrene (PS); combinations thereof, and polycarbonate (PC).
  • PC polycarbonate
  • PC polycarbonate
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • acrylic resins such as polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA); polyvinyl chloride; polystyrene (PS); combinations thereof, and polycarbonate (PC).
  • PC polycarbonate
  • the radius of curvature of the inner surface (usually a concave curved surface) of the light-shielding processed glass plate 10 and the inner surface (usually a concave curved surface) of the translucent plate-like member 31 is not particularly limited. It is preferably 1000 to 20000 mm. From the viewpoint of suppressing fluoroscopic distortion, it is preferable that the difference in the radius of curvature of the inner surfaces of the light-shielding glass plate 10 and the translucent plate-shaped member 31 is small.
  • the mounting area of the translucent plate-shaped member 31 is contained in the optical device mounting area OP, but the mounting area of the translucent plate-shaped member 31 may protrude from the optical device mounting area OP. ..
  • the translucent plate-like member 31 is adhered to the light-shielding glass plate 10 via the adhesive film 20.
  • one or more heating wires 32L are included between the light-shielding processed glass plate 10 and the translucent plate-shaped member 31.
  • the conductive pattern film 32 is formed.
  • One or more heating wires 32L are formed in an adhesive film 20 for adhering the translucent plate-shaped member 31 to the light-shielding glass plate 10.
  • the adhesive film 20 is made of a resin film.
  • the constituent resin is not particularly limited as long as it is a resin capable of satisfactorily adhering the light-shielding processed glass plate 10 and the translucent plate-shaped member 31.
  • the adhesive film 20 contains, for example, one or more resins selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), cycloolefin polymer (COP), polyurethane (PU), and ionomer resin. Is preferable.
  • the adhesive film 20 may contain one or more additives other than the resin, if necessary.
  • the material of the adhesive film 20 As the material of the adhesive film 20, a resin film containing the above-exemplified resin is preferable, and a commercially available resin film for an interlayer film of laminated glass, a commercially available optical film, and the like can be used.
  • the thickness of the adhesive film 20 is not particularly limited, and is preferably 0.02 to 1 mm. When the thickness of the adhesive film 20 is within this range, the translucent plate-like member 31 can be satisfactorily adhered to the light-shielding processed glass plate 10 via the adhesive film 20, and the see-through distortion of the glass structure 1 can be effectively suppressed. Can be suppressed.
  • the thickness of a commercially available resin film for an interlayer film of a general laminated glass is 200 to 760 ⁇ m, and the thickness of the adhesive film 20 formed by using the resin film is 190 to 760 ⁇ m.
  • a commercially available optical film for example, an optical adhesive sheet (OCA)
  • OCA optical adhesive sheet
  • the thickness of the adhesive film 20 is the thickness of the intermediate film 13 of the light-shielding laminated glass 10B. It is preferably thinner than the thickness. In FIG. 3B, the intermediate film 13 and the adhesive film 20 are shown thickly for easy visibility.
  • the heating wire 32L is energized, the temperature of the portion near the heating wire 32L in the adhesive film 20 becomes higher than that of the other portions, and the difference in refractive index between the portion near the heating wire 32L and the other portion is generated. Occurs. If this difference in refractive index is large, the image obtained by the optical device may be distorted.
  • the adhesive film 20 By designing the adhesive film 20 to be relatively thin, distortion of the image due to energization can be suppressed, which is preferable.
  • the conductive pattern film 32 preferably includes one or more heating wires 32L, and preferably includes a plurality of heating wires 32L.
  • the conductive pattern film 32 also preferably includes one or more heating wires 32L and a pair of bus bar portions 32B for supplying power to one or more heating wires 32L.
  • a pair of bus bars 41 for supplying power to one or more heating wires 32L are formed on the mounting surface 10S of the light-shielding glass plate 10.
  • reference numeral BG is a light-shielding glass plate with a bus bar in which a pair of bus bars 41 are formed on the light-shielding glass plate 10.
  • the overlapping width W between the bus bar 41 on the light-shielding glass plate 10 and the translucent plate-shaped member 31 is not particularly limited, and is preferably 2 to 15 mm, more preferably 5 to 10 mm. When the overlapping width W is within this range, the distortion of the translucent plate-shaped member 31 can be effectively suppressed.
  • At least a part of one or more heating wires 32L and / or at least a part of the bus bar portion 32B included in the conductive pattern film 32 is formed on the light-shielding glass plate 10 in the bus bar 41. I'm in contact.
  • the line pattern and arrangement pattern of the heating wire 32L are not particularly limited. For example, as shown in FIG. 2, a plurality of heating wires 32L having a wavy line shape and a polygonal line shape are juxtaposed at predetermined intervals in a plan view, and these are connected in parallel to a pair of bus bars 41 or a pair of bus bar portions 32B. A pattern or the like is preferable.
  • bus bar department
  • the wavelength and / or period of the heating wire 32L may change on the way from one bus bar (part) (one pole) to the other bus bar (part) (the other pole).
  • the conductive pattern film 32 includes a plurality of heating wires 32L, the heating wires 32L adjacent to each other from one bus bar (part) (one pole) to the other bus bar (part) (the other pole).
  • the phases may be aligned or out of phase. It is preferable that the heating wires 32L adjacent to each other are out of phase because the light beam due to regular scattering of light can be suppressed.
  • two or more heating wires 32L may be connected.
  • the shape and arrangement of the pair of bus bar portions 32B and the pair of bus bars 41 can be appropriately designed.
  • the pair of bus bar portions 32B can be arranged so as to face each other with the translucent portion TP sandwiched outside the translucent portion TP in a plan view. In this case, it is easy to uniformly heat one or more heating wires 32L, which is preferable.
  • the pair of bus bar portions 32B can be arranged vertically or horizontally with the translucent portion TP sandwiched outside the translucent portion TP in a plan view. It is preferable that the pair of bus bar portions 32B are arranged line-symmetrically with the translucent portion TP sandwiched outside the translucent portion TP in a plan view.
  • the pair of bus bar portions 32B are arranged vertically symmetrically with the translucent portion TP sandwiched outside the translucent portion TP in a plan view.
  • the pair of bus bars 41 can be arranged so as to face each other with the translucent portion TP sandwiched outside the translucent portion TP in a plan view. In this case, it is easy to uniformly heat one or more heating wires 32L, which is preferable.
  • the pair of bus bars 41 can be arranged vertically or horizontally with the translucent portion TP sandwiched outside the translucent portion TP in a plan view. It is preferable that the pair of bus bars 41 are arranged line-symmetrically with the translucent portion TP sandwiched outside the translucent portion TP in a plan view.
  • the conductive pattern film 32 and the pair of bus bars 41 are preferably arranged in the optical device mounting region OP.
  • the line width, thickness and pitch of the heating wire 32L can be appropriately designed.
  • the line width is preferably 2 to 150 ⁇ m, more preferably 5 to 50 ⁇ m, from the viewpoint of the function of preventing fogging and freezing and the balance of transparency.
  • the thickness is preferably 0.01 to 20 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.05 to 10 ⁇ m, from the viewpoint of the function of preventing fogging and freezing and the balance of transparency.
  • the pitch is preferably 1 to 50 ⁇ m, more preferably 2 to 10 ⁇ m, from the viewpoint of the function of preventing fogging and freezing and the balance of transparency.
  • planar shapes of the pair of bus bar portions 32B and the pair of bus bars 41 can be appropriately designed.
  • the planar shape of the bus bar portion 32B include a line shape, a strip shape, a substantially rectangular shape, a substantially trapezoidal shape, and a combination thereof. In the illustrated example, it is strip-shaped.
  • the planar shape of the bus bar 41 include a line shape, a band shape, a substantially rectangular shape, a substantially trapezoidal shape, and a combination thereof.
  • a part of the bus bar 41 is located between the light-shielding processed glass plate 10 and the translucent plate-shaped member 31, and the remaining portion protrudes from the translucent plate-shaped member 31. In the example shown in FIG.
  • the bus bar 41 has a strip-shaped portion 41A formed below the translucent plate-shaped member 31 along the side of the translucent plate-shaped member 31. It is formed by being connected to the band-shaped portion 41A, and is partially composed of a substantially rectangular portion 41B located outside the translucent plate-shaped member 31.
  • the conductive pattern film 32 includes a plurality of heating wires 32L and a pair of bus bar portions 32B, and in a plan view, the individual heating wires 32L extend in the vertical direction, and the pair of bus bar portions 32B are transparent.
  • the translucent portion TP is interposed outside the portion TP and arranged vertically and vertically symmetrically.
  • the pair of bus bars 41 are arranged vertically symmetrically with the translucent portion TP sandwiched outside the translucent portion TP.
  • the upper and lower ends of the individual heating wires 32L are the bus bar 32B arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the translucent part TP, respectively, and the upper side of the transmissive part TP.
  • bus bar 41 arranged on the lower side.
  • the bus bar portions 32B of the conductive pattern film 32 arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the translucent portion TP are connected to the bus bars 41 arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the transmissive portion TP, respectively. I'm in contact.
  • the conductive pattern film 32 contains one or more conductive materials.
  • Materials of the conductive pattern film 32 include Ag, Au, Cu, Pd, Pt, Ti, Cr, Ni, Al, Zr, W, V, Rh, Ir, and metals such as alloys thereof; ZnO, SnO 2 , Metal oxides such as In 2 O 3 (ITO), WO 3 , Al 2 O 3 , Ga 2 O 5 , TiO 2 and Ta 2 O 5 ; combinations thereof may be mentioned.
  • the conductive pattern film 32 may be a laminated film.
  • the film forming method of the conductive pattern film 32 is not particularly limited, and is a physical vapor deposition method (PVD: Physical Vapor Deposition) such as a sputtering method, a vacuum vapor deposition method, and an ion plating method; a chemical vapor deposition method (CVD); wet.
  • PVD Physical vapor deposition
  • CVD chemical vapor deposition method
  • the coating method and the like can be mentioned.
  • the one or more heating wires 32L are not formed into a film, and one or more commercially available wires may be used as the one or more heating wires 32L.
  • the pair of bus bars 41 are conductive films containing one or more conductive materials.
  • the materials of the pair of bus bars 41 include Ag, Au, Cu, Pd, Pt, Ti, Cr, Ni, Al, Zr, W, V, Rh, Ir, and metals such as alloys thereof; ZnO, SnO 2 , Metal oxides such as In 2 O 3 (ITO), WO 3 , Al 2 O 3 , Ga 2 O 5 , TiO 2 and Ta 2 O 5 ; combinations thereof may be mentioned.
  • the pair of bus bars 41 may be a laminated film.
  • the ratio of the thickness of the bus bar 41 to the thickness of the translucent plate-shaped member 31 is not particularly limited, and is preferably 0.05 or less, more preferably. It is 0.02 or less.
  • the thickness of the bus bar 41 is not particularly limited, and is preferably 20 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 15 ⁇ m or less, and particularly preferably 10 ⁇ m or less.
  • the lower limit of the thickness of the bus bar 41 is preferably 5 ⁇ m, more preferably 6 ⁇ m.
  • the method of forming the bus bar 41 is not particularly limited.
  • the bus bar 41 can be formed, for example, by printing a conductive paste containing one or more kinds of conductive particles on the mounting surface 10S of the light-shielding processed glass plate 10 and heating the bus bar 41.
  • a conductive paste containing copper particles and an organic binder, a silver paste containing silver particles and an organic binder, and the like are preferable.
  • Terminals 61 are attached to each of the pair of bus bars 41, if necessary.
  • the planar shape of the terminal 61 and the mounting position of the terminal 61 with respect to the bus bar 41 can be appropriately designed within a range that does not interfere with the mounting of the optical device.
  • the terminal 61 is mounted on a portion of the bus bar 41 located outside the translucent plate-shaped member 31. In a plan view, at least a part of the terminal 61 may be located on the bus bar 41, and a part of the terminal 61 may protrude from the bus bar 41.
  • the terminal 61 can be attached to the bus bar 41 by a known method, and for example, a fixing method using solder is preferable.
  • the light-shielding processed portion having a light-shielding layer is relatively thicker than the translucent portion without a light-shielding layer.
  • the black light-shielding processed portion has a larger heat absorption amount and a higher temperature than the translucent portion. Due to these factors, in the light-shielding processed glass plate, unevenness occurs in the vicinity of the boundary between the light-shielding processed portion and the translucent portion, which causes fluoroscopic distortion in the vicinity of the boundary between the light-shielding processed portion and the translucent portion. The resulting image may be distorted.
  • the glass structure 1 of the present embodiment is light-shielded so as to cover a part of the light-transmitting portion TP and the light-shielding processed portion BP on the mounting surface 10S of the optical device of the light-shielding processed glass plate 10 via the adhesive film 20.
  • a translucent plate-shaped member 31 thinner than the processed glass plate 10 is attached. Therefore, as shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, the unevenness in the vicinity of the boundary between the light-shielding processed portion BP and the translucent portion TP of the light-shielding processed glass plate 10 is reduced, and the light-shielding processed portion BP and the light-transmitting portion BP of the light-shielding processed glass plate 10 are transparent.
  • fluoroscopic distortion in the vicinity of the boundary with the optical portion TP and suppress the occurrence of distortion in the image obtained by the optical device.
  • the presence or absence or level of fluoroscopic distortion can be evaluated, for example, by the distortion of the pattern seen when the zebra pattern is visually recognized through the glass structure.
  • an electric heating film is formed on substantially the entire surface inside the laminated glass constituting the windshield, and bus bars are formed on both upper and lower ends in a band shape.
  • bus bars are formed on both upper and lower ends in a band shape.
  • one or more heating wires 32L may be formed not on the light-shielding processed glass plate 10 having a large area but on the translucent plate-shaped member 31 having a small area, one or more heating wires may be formed.
  • the formation area of 32L is narrow, and one or more heating wires 32L can be easily formed at low cost in a process different from the manufacturing of the light-shielding processed glass plate 10.
  • a pair of bus bars 41 are formed on the mounting surface 10S of the light-shielding glass plate 10.
  • the formation region of the pair of bus bars 41 can be designed to be small in accordance with the formation region of one or more heating wires 32L formed on the translucent plate-shaped member 31. Therefore, the pair of bus bars 41 can be easily formed at low cost.
  • the pair of bus bars 41 are formed on the mounting surface 10S of the light-shielding glass plate 10, unlike the case where the pair of bus bars 41 are formed on the translucent plate-shaped member 31, the temporary laminate is formed. In the firing step or the like, there is no possibility that the translucent plate-shaped member 31 is distorted due to the presence of the pair of bus bars 41. In the present embodiment, since the pair of bus bars 41 are formed on the mounting surface 10S of the light-shielding glass plate 10, unlike the case where the pair of bus bars 41 are formed on the translucent plate-shaped member 31, the bus bars 41 are moved onto the bus bar 41. The formation of the terminal 61 of the above is also easy.
  • the glass structure 1 of the present embodiment is formed on a translucent plate-like member 31. Since the dew condensation surface can be directly heated by the heating wire 32L or more, the anti-fog performance is high, which is preferable.
  • the plane separation distance between the bus bar 41 and the translucent portion TP is not particularly limited. From the viewpoint of preventing fluoroscopic distortion in the vicinity of the bus bar, the shortest plane separation distance between the bus bar 41 and the translucent portion TP is preferably 3 mm or more. From the viewpoint of securing the field of view, the upper limit of the shortest plane separation distance between the bus bar 41 and the translucent portion TP is preferably 20 mm.
  • the see-through distortion in the vicinity of the boundary between the light-shielding processed portion and the translucent portion can be suppressed, the heating wire and the bus bar can be easily formed at low cost, and the wiring can be drawn out from the bus bar. It is possible to provide a glass structure 1 having a high degree of design freedom.
  • the method for manufacturing a glass structure according to the first embodiment of the present invention is as follows.
  • the step (S13) of preparing the translucent plate-shaped member 31 and It has a step (S14) of superimposing a light-shielding glass plate BG with a bus bar, a resin film EF with a conductive pattern film, and a translucent plate-shaped member 31 and thermocompression bonding them.
  • a light-shielding glass plate 10 is prepared.
  • a light-shielding laminated glass 10B having a light-shielding layer BL formed inside and / or a part of the surface of the laminated glass is prepared. Since the method for forming the light-shielding layer BL has been described above, it is omitted here.
  • FIG. 4A is a schematic cross-sectional view corresponding to FIG. 3A. In this figure, the case where the light-shielding processed glass plate 10 is the light-shielding tempered glass 10A is shown.
  • Step (S12) Separately, as shown in FIG. 4A, a conductive pattern film 32 is formed on the adhesive resin film 20P to prepare a resin film EF with a conductive pattern film. Since the method for forming the conductive pattern film 32 has been described above, it is omitted here.
  • Step (S13) Separately, as shown in FIG. 4A, a translucent plate-shaped member 31 is prepared.
  • the order of the step (S11), the step (S12) and the step (S13) is not particularly limited, and a plurality of these steps may be carried out at the same time.
  • Step (S14) A temporary laminated body is obtained by superimposing a light-shielding processed glass plate BG with a bus bar, a resin film EF with a conductive pattern film, and a translucent plate-shaped member 31 prepared as shown in FIG. 4A.
  • the translucent plate-shaped member 31 is arranged so as to cover a part of the translucent portion TP and the light-shielding processed portion BP of the light-shielding processed glass plate 10.
  • the resin film EF with a conductive pattern film is transparent with the light-shielding glass plate BG with a bus bar so that the conductive pattern film 32 side is the light-shielding glass plate BG side with a bus bar and the resin film 20P side is the translucent plate-shaped member 31.
  • the resin film EF with a conductive pattern film is arranged between the light-shielding processed glass plate BG with a bus bar and the translucent plate-shaped member 31 so that a part of the conductive pattern film 32 is in contact with the bus bar 41.
  • the obtained temporary laminate is thermocompression bonded.
  • the resin film 20P is softened and pressurized, so that the softened resin spreads between one or more heating wires 32L and the light-shielding glass plate 10, and as shown in FIG. 3A, The light-shielding processed glass plate 10 and the translucent plate-shaped member 31 are adhered to each other via the adhesive film 20.
  • Thermocompression bonding can be performed by a known method.
  • a thermocompression bonding method a method of putting a temporary laminate in a bag made of rubber or the like and heating it in a vacuum; a method of pressurizing and heating the temporary laminate using an automatic pressure heat treatment device, an autoclave, or the like; The combination of.
  • the thermocompression bonding conditions of temperature, pressure, and time are not particularly limited, and are designed according to the type and temperature of the resin film 20P for adhesion.
  • the thermocompression bonding conditions may be such that the resin film is softened, sufficiently pressurized, and the light-shielding processed glass plate 10 and the translucent plate-like member 31 are sufficiently adhered via the adhesive film 20.
  • Thermocompression bonding may be performed in a plurality of steps by changing the method or conditions.
  • the temporary laminate is placed in a bag made of rubber or the like, heated to 70 to 110 ° C. in a vacuum of ⁇ 65 to ⁇ 100 kPa, and then heated to a temperature of about 100 to 150 ° C. and a pressure of 0.6 to 1.3 MPa.
  • a method of pressurizing and heating under certain conditions is preferable.
  • the space between the light-shielding layer BL on the surface of the light-shielding glass plate 10 is filled with the adhesive film 20, and the light-shielding processed portion BP of the light-shielding glass plate 10 and the transparent portion BP are transparent.
  • Surface irregularities near the boundary with the optical portion TP are reduced.
  • the fluoroscopic distortion near the boundary between the light-shielding processed portion BP and the translucent portion TP of the light-shielding processed glass plate 10 is suppressed, and the distortion of the image obtained by the optical device is suppressed.
  • the glass structure 1 as shown in FIG. 3A is manufactured.
  • the method for manufacturing the glass structure according to the second embodiment of the present invention is as follows.
  • a step of preparing a resin film EF with a conductive pattern film in which a conductive pattern film 32 is formed on a resin film 20P for adhesion (S22), and The step of preparing the translucent plate-shaped member 31 (S23) and A glass temporary laminate PG obtained by arranging and stacking a plurality of glass plates 12 with a resin film 13P for adhesion between the glass plates so that the pair of bus bars 41 are located on the outermost surface, and a conductive pattern film. It has a step (S24) of superimposing the resin film EF and the translucent plate-shaped member 31 and thermocompression bonding them.
  • Step (S21) As shown in FIG. 4B, a plurality of glass plates 12 having a light-shielding layer BL formed on a part of at least one surface and a pair of bus bars 41 formed on one surface are prepared. If necessary, terminals 61 are formed on each of the pair of bus bars 41. Since the method for forming the light-shielding layer BL, the pair of bus bars 41, and the terminal 61 has been described above, the method thereof will be omitted here.
  • FIG. 4B is a schematic cross-sectional view corresponding to FIG. 3B.
  • Step (S22) Separately, as shown in FIG. 4B, a conductive pattern film 32 is formed on the adhesive resin film 20P to prepare a resin film EF with a conductive pattern film. Since the method for forming the conductive pattern film 32 has been described above, it is omitted here.
  • Step (S23) Separately, as shown in FIG. 4B, a translucent plate-shaped member 31 is prepared.
  • the order of the step (S21), the step (S22) and the step (S23) is not particularly limited, and a plurality of these steps may be carried out at the same time.
  • Step (S24) As shown in FIG. 4B, a plurality of glass plates 12 are arranged and laminated with a resin film 13P for adhesion between the glass plates so that the pair of bus bars 41 are located on the outermost surface to obtain a glass temporary laminate PG. ..
  • the temporary laminated body PG, the resin film EF with a conductive pattern film, and the translucent plate-shaped member 31 are laminated to obtain a temporary laminated body.
  • This temporary laminate is thermocompression bonded.
  • the arrangement of the translucent plate-shaped member 31, the arrangement of the resin film EF with the conductive pattern film, and the thermocompression bonding conditions are the same as in the step (S14).
  • the glass structure 1 as shown in FIG. 3B is manufactured.
  • the method for manufacturing a glass structure of the second embodiment it is possible to simultaneously manufacture the laminated glass and bond the translucent plate-shaped member 31 to the laminated glass, which is preferable.
  • Examples 1-1, 1-2, 3 to 6 are examples.
  • Example 1-1 As the material of the laminated glass, two flat glass plates (12) (square shape having a length of 300 mm and a width of 300 mm and a thickness of 2 mm) were prepared. As shown in FIG. 4B, a square translucent portion (TP) having a length of 40 mm and a width of 40 mm remains in the center of each of the surfaces of the two glass plates (12). A paste containing a black pigment and a glass frit was applied to the surrounding area and heated to form a light-shielding layer (BL). Further, as shown in FIG. 4B, a pair of bus bars (41) were formed on the light-shielding layer (BL) of one of the glass plates (12).
  • a pair of bus bars (41) were formed above and below the translucent portion (TP).
  • the shape of the bus bar (41) is a combination of a strip-shaped portion (41A) and a substantially rectangular portion (41B) as shown in FIG.
  • the bus bar (41) was formed by printing a copper paste containing copper particles and an organic binder on a predetermined region on a light-shielding layer of one of the glass plates (12) and heating the bus bar (41).
  • the thickness of the bus bar was 50 ⁇ m, and the width of the strip of the bus bar was 10 mm.
  • the two glass plates (12) were thermoformed and curved in the vertical direction. The radius of curvature in the vertical direction of the concave curved surface was set to 3000 mm.
  • Step (S22) A polyvinyl butyral (PVB) film (1 mm thick) was prepared as a material for an adhesive film for adhering a translucent plate-shaped member (resin film (20P) for adhering).
  • a conductive pattern film (32) composed of a plurality of planar visual wave-shaped heating wires (32L) and a band-shaped pair of bus bar portions (32B) as schematically shown in FIG. 2 was formed. ..
  • the plurality of heating wires (32L) were formed under the conditions of a line width of 10 ⁇ m, a thickness of 10 ⁇ m, and a pitch of 3 mm.
  • the width of the bus bar portion (32B) was set to 10 mm. In this way, a resin film (EF) with a conductive pattern film as shown in FIG. 4B was obtained.
  • Step (S23) As a translucent plate-shaped member (31), chemically strengthened glass (square shape with a length of 70 mm ⁇ width of 70 mm and a thickness of 1 mm) was prepared.
  • Step (S24) A polyvinyl butyral (PVB) film (0.76 mm thick) was prepared as a material for the interlayer film of the laminated glass (resin film (13P) for adhesion). As shown in FIG. 4B, the resin film (13P) for adhesion was sandwiched between the two curved glass plates (12) obtained in the step (S21) to obtain a glass temporary laminate (PG). .. As shown in FIG. 4B, two curved glass plates (12) were arranged so that the pair of bus bars (41) were located on the outermost surface.
  • PVB polyvinyl butyral
  • the translucent plate-shaped member (31) covers a part of the translucent portion (TP) and the light-shielding processed portion (BP) of the light-shielding processed glass plate (10), and the bus bar formed on the curved glass plate (12). It was arranged so as to cover the strip-shaped portion of (41).
  • the width of the strip-shaped portion of the bus bar (41) is the same as that of the bus bar (41) and the translucent plate-shaped member (31) on the light-shielding glass plate (10) in a plan view. It almost matches the overlap width (W) of.
  • the conductive pattern film (32) side is the light-shielding processed glass plate (BG) side with a bus bar
  • the resin film (20P) side is the translucent plate-shaped member (31).
  • the resin film (EF) with a conductive pattern film has a bus bar (41) in which an end portion of a heating wire (32L) and a bus bar portion (32B) contained in the conductive pattern film (32) are formed on a curved glass plate (12). It was arranged between the glass temporary laminate (PG) and the translucent plate-shaped member (31) so as to be in contact with the glass temporary laminate (PG).
  • the obtained temporary laminate was thermocompression bonded. Specifically, the temporary laminate was placed in a rubber bag, heated to 110 ° C. in a vacuum of ⁇ 60 kPa, and then pressurized and heated under the conditions of a temperature of 150 ° C. and a pressure of 1.3 MPa. In these steps, the translucent plate-shaped member (31) was curved so as to follow the surface shape of the glass temporary laminate (PG). The radius of curvature in the vertical direction of the concave curved surface of the translucent plate-shaped member (31) after thermocompression bonding was 3000 mm. As described above, a glass structure was obtained. Table 1 shows the main manufacturing conditions and evaluation results. In each of the examples in Table 1 and Table 2, the conditions not shown in the table were set as common conditions.
  • Examples 1-2, 3 to 6 A glass structure was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1-1 except that the conditions shown in Tables 1 and 2 were changed. The evaluation results are shown in Tables 1 and 2. Each abbreviation in Table 1 indicates the following.
  • PET Polyethylene terephthalate
  • OCA Nitto Denko's transparent adhesive sheet for optics "LUCIAS (registered trademark) CS986 series” is stacked so that the thickness is 1 mm.
  • a transparent plate-like member thinner than the light-shielding glass plate is an adhesive film so as to cover a part of the light-transmitting part and the light-shielding part.
  • a conductive pattern film containing a plurality of heating wires is provided between the light-shielding glass plate and the translucent plate-shaped member. Multiple heating wires are formed in the adhesive film, A glass structure in which a pair of bus bars were formed on the mounting surface of the light-shielding glass plate was obtained. All of the obtained glass structures had low fluoroscopic distortion and were good.
  • the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments and examples, and the design can be appropriately changed as long as the gist of the present invention is not deviated.

Abstract

本発明は、遮光加工部と透光部との境界近傍における透視歪を抑制でき、電熱線およびバスバーを簡易に低コストに形成でき、バスバーからの配線引出の設計自由度が高いガラス構造体を提供する。光学装置取付領域（ＯＰ）と透光部（ＴＰ）と遮光加工部（ＢＰ）とを有する遮光加工ガラス板（１０）と、遮光加工ガラス板（１０）の表面上に、透光部および遮光加工部の一部を覆って取り付けられた、遮光加工ガラス板よりも薄い透光性板状部材（３１）と、遮光加工ガラス板と透光性板状部材との間に形成された、１本以上の電熱線を含む導電パターン膜（３２）とを有し、透光性板状部材は接着膜（２０）を介して遮光加工ガラス板に接着され、電熱線は接着膜内に形成され、遮光加工ガラス板の表面上に、一対のバスバー（４１）が形成された、ガラス構造体（１）。

Description

ガラス構造体とその製造方法
　本発明は、ガラス構造体とその製造方法に関する。
　自動車等の車両においては、フロントガラスの内面に、自動運転および衝突事故の防止等のために、車両前方の情報を取得する、カメラ、ＬｉＤＡＲ（Light Detection And Ranging）、レーダー、および光センサ等の光学機器と、これを収容するブラケット等と呼ばれる筐体とを含む光学装置が設置される場合がある。
　筐体は、フロントガラス側に光が通る窓部を有する。フロントガラスにおいて、光学装置の筐体の窓部に対向する部分は光が通る透光部とされ、その周囲に不要な光の入射を防止するために遮光加工が施された遮光加工部が設けられる。
　フロントガラスに使用されるガラス板としては、複数のガラス板が貼り合わされた合わせガラスまたは強化ガラスが好ましい。フロントガラスの材料のガラス板の所定の領域に、黒色顔料とガラスフリットとを含むペーストを塗工し、焼成して、遮光層を形成することで、ガラス板に遮光加工を施すことができる。遮光加工されたガラス板は、熱成形され、曲面を有する形状に加工される。
　フロントガラスの材料として合わせガラスを用いる場合、合わせガラスの材料である複数のガラス板のうちの１つ以上に遮光層を形成してから複数のガラス板を貼り合わせて合わせガラスを製造してもよいし、製造された合わせガラスの表面に遮光層を形成してもよい。
　遮光加工ガラス板においては、遮光層のある遮光加工部は、遮光層のない透光部よりも相対的に厚くなる。また、熱成形工程では、黒色の遮光加工部が透光部より、熱吸収量が大きく、温度が高くなる。これら要因により、遮光加工ガラス板においては、遮光加工部と透光部との境界近傍に凹凸が生じ、これにより、遮光加工部と透光部との境界近傍に透視歪が生じ、光学装置によって得られる画像に歪みが生じる恐れがある。
　特許文献１には、上記課題を解消することを目的とし、車両用窓ガラスの内表面上の遮光加工部の内側に、透光性板状部材（５）が接着剤（４）を介して貼り付けられた光学装置付き車両用窓ガラスが開示されている（請求項１および図３等）。
特開２０２０－１３１７３６号公報 国際公開第２０１４／１５７５３５号
　光学装置によるセンシング精度を高めるために、光学装置に含まれるカメラおよびレーダー等の光学機器の前方に位置するフロントガラスの透光部には、曇りおよび凍結の防止のために電熱線または電熱膜を設けることが好ましい。
　特許文献２には、フロントガラスが合わせガラスからなり、合わせガラスを構成する一対のガラス板の間に電熱膜（１３）とこれに給電するための一対のバスバー（２６、２７）とを形成した車両用窓ガラスが開示されている（請求項１、［発明を実施するための形態］の項、図１および図２等）。
　特許文献２に記載の車両用窓ガラスでは、平面視にて、略全面に電熱膜（１３）が形成され、上端部と下端部にバスバー（２６、２７）が帯状に形成されている（図１）。
　特許文献２に記載の技術では、フロントガラスを構成する合わせガラスの材料のガラス板に対して、略全面に電熱膜を形成し、上端部と下端部にバスバーを帯状に形成するため、電熱膜と一対のバスバーの形成に時間とコストがかかる。
　特許文献２に記載の技術ではまた、フロントガラスを構成する合わせガラスの内部に形成され、平面視にてフロントガラスの上下両端部に形成された一対のバスバーから配線を引き出す必要がある。この場合、バスバーからフロントガラスの側面を通って内面側または外面側に配線を引き出す必要があり、配線の引出しが遠回りとなり、見栄えもあまり良くない。
　本発明は上記事情に鑑みてなされたものであり、遮光加工部と透光部との境界近傍における透視歪を抑制でき、電熱線およびバスバーを簡易に低コストに形成でき、バスバーからの配線引出の設計自由度が高いガラス構造体の提供を目的とする。
　本発明は、以下のガラス構造体とその製造方法を提供する。
［１］　光学装置が取り付けられる光学装置取付領域と、当該光学装置取付領域内に位置し、外部から前記光学装置への入射光および／または前記光学装置からの出射光が通る透光部と、当該透光部の少なくとも一部を囲む遮光加工部とを有する遮光加工ガラス板と、
　前記遮光加工ガラス板の前記光学装置の取付面上に、前記透光部および前記遮光加工部の一部を覆って取り付けられた、前記遮光加工ガラス板よりも薄い透光性板状部材と、
　前記遮光加工ガラス板と前記透光性板状部材との間に形成された、１本以上の電熱線を含む導電パターン膜とを有し、
　前記透光性板状部材は、接着膜を介して前記遮光加工ガラス板に接着され、
　前記電熱線は、前記接着膜内に形成され、
　前記遮光加工ガラス板の前記取付面上に、１本以上の前記電熱線に給電するための一対のバスバーが形成された、ガラス構造体。
［２］　前記遮光加工ガラス板上に前記一対のバスバーが形成されたバスバー付き遮光加工ガラス板を用意する工程（Ｓ１１）と、
　接着用の樹脂フィルム上に前記導電パターン膜が形成された導電パターン膜付き樹脂フィルムを用意する工程（Ｓ１２）と、
　前記透光性板状部材を用意する工程（Ｓ１３）と、
　前記バスバー付き遮光加工ガラス板と、前記導電パターン膜付き樹脂フィルムと、前記前記透光性板状部材とを重ね、熱圧着する工程（Ｓ１４）とを有する、［１］のガラス構造体の製造方法。
［３］　前記遮光加工ガラス板は、内部および／または表面の一部に遮光層が形成された合わせガラスであり、
　少なくとも１枚の表面の一部に前記遮光層が形成され、１枚の表面に前記一対のバスバーが形成された複数のガラス板を用意する工程（Ｓ２１）と、
　接着用の樹脂フィルム上に前記導電パターン膜が形成された導電パターン膜付き樹脂フィルムを用意する工程（Ｓ２２）と、
　前記透光性板状部材を用意する工程（Ｓ２３）と、
　前記一対のバスバーが最表に位置するように、前記複数のガラス板を各ガラス板間に接着用の樹脂フィルムを配置して重ねて得られたガラス仮積層体と、前記導電パターン膜付き樹脂フィルムと、前記前記透光性板状部材とを重ね、熱圧着する工程（Ｓ２４）とを有する、［１］のガラス構造体の製造方法。
　本発明のガラス構造体では、遮光加工ガラス板の光学装置の取付面上に、透光部および遮光加工部の一部を覆うように、遮光加工ガラス板よりも薄い透光性板状部材が取り付けられている。この透光性板状部材上に１本以上の電熱線が形成され、遮光加工ガラス板上に一対のバスバーが形成されている。
　上記構成の本発明のガラス構造体では、遮光加工部と透光部との境界近傍における透視歪を抑制でき、電熱線およびバスバーを簡易に低コストに形成でき、バスバーからの配線引出を自由に設計できる。
本発明に係る一実施形態のガラス構造体の全体平面図である。 図１の部分拡大平面図である。 図１のガラス構造体の第１態様のIII-III線断面図である。 図１のガラス構造体の第２態様のIII-III線断面図である。 本発明に係る第１実施形態のガラス構造体の製造方法を示す模式断面図である。 本発明に係る第２実施形態のガラス構造体の製造方法を示す模式断面図である。
　一般的に、薄膜構造体は、厚さに応じて、「フィルム」および「シート」等と称される。本明細書では、これらを明確には区別しない。したがって、本明細書で言う「フィルム」に「シート」が含まれる場合がある。
　本明細書において、形状に付く「略」は、その形状の角を丸くした面取り形状、その形状の一部が欠けた形状、その形状に任意の小さな形状が追加した形状など、部分的に変化した形状を意味する。
　本明細書において、特に明記しない限り、「上下」、「左右」、「縦横」は、ガラス構造体が車両等に嵌め込まれた状態（実際の使用状態）での「上下」、「左右」、「縦横」である。
　本明細書において、特に明記しない限り、数値範囲を示す「～」は、その前後に記載された数値を下限値および上限値として含む意味で使用される。
　以下、本発明の実施の形態を説明する。
［ガラス構造体］
　図面を参照して、本発明に係る一実施形態のガラス構造体の構造について、説明する。
　図１は、本実施形態のガラス構造体の全体平面図である。図２は、図１の部分拡大平面図である。図１および図２は、透視図である。図３Ａは、本実施形態のガラス構造体の第１態様のIII-III線断面図である。図３Ｂは、本実施形態のガラス構造体の第２態様のIII-III線断面図である。これらはいずれも模式図であり、視認しやすくするため、図面ごとに、各構成要素の縮尺は実際のものとは適宜異ならせてある。
　図１に示すように、本実施形態のガラス構造体１は、光学装置が取り付けられる光学装置取付領域ＯＰと、光学装置取付領域ＯＰ内に位置し、外部から光学装置への入射光および／または光学装置からの出射光が通る透光部ＴＰと、透光部ＴＰの少なくとも一部を囲む遮光加工部ＢＰとを有する遮光加工ガラス板１０を有する。遮光加工部ＢＰは、遮光加工が施された部分である。
　本実施形態のガラス構造体１は例えば、自動車等の車両用のガラスに好ましく適用できる。例えば、フロントガラス、サイドガラスおよびリアガラスに適用でき、フロントガラスに好ましく適用できる。ガラス構造体１の形状は適宜設計することができ、例えば、平面視略台形状の板が全体的湾曲した形状等が挙げられる。
　遮光加工ガラス板１０は、遮光加工が施された遮光加工部ＢＰを有するガラス板である。ガラス板としては、強化ガラス、合わせガラス、および有機ガラスが挙げられ、強化ガラスまたは合わせガラスが好ましい。
　図３Ａに示す第１態様において、遮光加工ガラス板１０は、強化ガラス１１の表面の一部に遮光層ＢＬが形成された遮光加工強化ガラス１０Ａである。
　遮光加工強化ガラス１０Ａは、遮光層ＢＬが形成された後、必要に応じて、熱成形され、曲面を有する形状に加工される。
　図３Ｂに示す第２態様において、遮光加工ガラス板１０は、複数のガラス板１２を中間膜１３を介して貼り合わせた合わせガラスの内部および／または表面の一部に遮光層ＢＬが形成された遮光加工合わせガラス１０Ｂである。遮光加工合わせガラス１０Ｂは、少なくとも１枚の表面の一部に遮光層ＢＬが形成された複数のガラス板１２を用意し、中間膜１３を介して貼り合わせたものでもよいし、あらかじめ用意された合わせガラスの表面の一部に遮光層ＢＬを形成したものでもよい。図示例では、遮光加工合わせガラス１０Ｂは、表面の一部に遮光層ＢＬが形成された２枚のガラス板１２を中間膜１３を介して貼り合わせたものである。合わせガラスは、３枚以上のガラス板を貼り合わせたものでもよい。
　合わせガラスの材料である複数のガラス板は、必要に応じて、熱成形され、曲面を有する形状に加工された後、貼り合せられる。
　強化ガラスおよび合わせガラスの材料であるガラス板の種類としては特に制限されず、ソーダライムガラス、ホウケイ酸ガラス、アルミノシリケートガラス、リチウムシリケートガラス、石英ガラス、サファイアガラス、および無アルカリガラス等が挙げられる。
　強化ガラスは、上記のようなガラス板に対して、イオン交換法および風冷強化法等の公知方法にて強化加工を施したものである。強化ガラスとしては、風冷強化ガラスが好ましい。
　強化ガラスの厚さは特に制限されず、用途に応じて設計される。車両のフロントガラス、サイドガラスおよびリアガラス等の用途では、好ましくは２～６ｍｍである。
　合わせガラスの厚みは特に制限されず、用途に応じて設計される。車両のフロントガラス、サイドガラスおよびリアガラス等の用途では、好ましくは２～６ｍｍである。
　強化ガラスおよび合わせガラスは、表面の少なくとも一部の領域に、撥水、低反射性、低放射性、紫外線遮蔽、赤外線遮蔽、および着色等の機能を有する被膜を有していてもよい。
　合わせガラスは、内部の少なくとも一部の領域に、低反射性、低放射性、紫外線遮蔽、赤外線遮蔽、および着色等の機能を有する膜を有していてもよい。合わせガラスの中間膜の少なくとも一部の領域が、紫外線遮蔽、赤外線遮蔽、および着色等の機能を有していてもよい。
　合わせガラスの中間膜は、単層膜でも積層膜でもよい。
　合わせガラスは、内部に、発光、調光、赤外線または可視光の反射、光散乱、光吸収、および加飾等の機能を持つフィルムまたはデバイスを有していてもよい。
　有機ガラスの材料としては、ポリカーボネート（ＰＣ）等のエンジニアリングプラスチック；ポリエチレンテレフタレート（ＰＥＴ）：ポリメチルメタクリレート（ＰＭＭＡ）等のアクリル樹脂；ポリ塩化ビニル；ポリスチレン（ＰＳ）；これらの組合せ等が挙げられ、ポリカーボネート（ＰＣ）等のエンジニアリングプラスチックが好ましい。
　遮光層ＢＬは公知方法にて形成でき、例えば、強化ガラス１１、合わせガラスの材料であるガラス板１２、合わせガラス、または有機ガラスの表面の所定の領域に、黒色顔料とガラスフリットとを含むペーストを塗工し、加熱することで、形成できる。
　遮光層ＢＬの厚さは特に制限されず、例えば、５～２０μｍである。
　図１、図３Ａおよび図３Ｂに示すように、本実施形態のガラス構造体１は、遮光加工ガラス板１０の光学装置の取付面１０Ｓ上に透光部ＴＰおよび遮光加工部ＢＰの一部を覆って取り付けられた、遮光加工ガラス板１０よりも薄い透光性板状部材３１を有する。
　図１に示すように、遮光加工部ＢＰの領域は、光学装置取付領域ＯＰから透光部ＴＰを除いた領域を含み、好ましくは光学装置取付領域ＯＰから透光部ＴＰを除いた領域およびガラス構造体１の周縁部を含む。
　光学装置は例えば、自動運転および衝突事故の防止等のために、車両前方の情報を取得する、カメラ、ＬｉＤＡＲ（Light Detection And Ranging）、レーダー、および光センサ等の光学機器と、これを収容するブラケット等と呼ばれる筐体とを含むことができる。
　光学装置取付領域ＯＰおよび透光部ＴＰの形状は光学装置の形状に合わせて適宜設計でき、略台形状および略矩形状等が挙げられる。光学装置取付領域ＯＰおよび透光部ＴＰの形状は、相似形でも非相似形でもよい。図示例では、光学装置取付領域ＯＰおよび透光部ＴＰの形状は、略台形状である。
　図示例では、遮光加工部ＢＰは透光部ＴＰの四辺すべてを囲んでいるが、遮光加工部ＢＰは透光部ＴＰの少なくとも一部を囲んでいればよく、例えば、略台形状または略矩形状の透光部ＴＰの三辺のみを囲むものであってもよい。
　透光部ＴＰが透過する光の波長域は特に制限されず、例えば、可視光域、赤外光域、および可視光域～赤外光域等である。
　透光性板状部材３１の平面形状は適宜設計することができ、略矩形状、略台形状およびこれらの組合せ等が挙げられる。図１では、透光性板状部材３１の平面形状は略矩形状である。
　透光性板状部材３１の厚さは遮光加工ガラス板１０より薄い条件を満たす範囲で適宜設計でき、好ましくは１ｍｍ以下、より好ましくは０．８ｍｍ以下、特に好ましくは０．５ｍｍ以下、最も好ましくは０．３ｍｍ以下である。透光性板状部材３１の厚さの下限値は特に制限されず、好ましくは０．１ｍｍである。透光性板状部材３１の厚さが１ｍｍ以下と薄いことで、遮光加工ガラス板１０の湾曲面に対して透光性板状部材３１を良好に馴染ませることができ、好ましい。
　透光性板状部材３１の材料は特に制限されず、ガラスおよび／または樹脂が好ましい。ガラスとしては、化学強化ガラス等の強化ガラスが好ましい。樹脂としては、ポリカーボネート（ＰＣ）等のエンジニアリングプラスチック；ポリエチレンテレフタレート（ＰＥＴ）：ポリメチルメタクリレート（ＰＭＭＡ）等のアクリル樹脂；ポリ塩化ビニル；ポリスチレン（ＰＳ）；これらの組合せ等が挙げられ、ポリカーボネート（ＰＣ）等のエンジニアリングプラスチックが好ましい。
　透光性板状部材３１が強化ガラスまたはポリカーボネート等のエンジニアリングプラスチックからなる場合、曲げ剛性が高く、後記する電熱線３２Ｌの発熱に対して良好な耐熱性を有し、好ましい。
　自動車等の車両用のガラス等の用途において、遮光加工ガラス板１０の内面（通常、凹曲面）および透光性板状部材３１の内面（通常、凹曲面）の曲率半径は特に制限されず、好ましくは１０００～２００００ｍｍである。透視歪抑制の観点から、遮光加工ガラス板１０および透光性板状部材３１の内面の曲率半径の差は、小さいことが好ましい。
　図示例において、透光性板状部材３１の取付領域は、光学装置取付領域ＯＰ内に収まっているが、透光性板状部材３１の取付領域は、光学装置取付領域ＯＰからはみだしてもよい。
　図３Ａおよび図３Ｂに示すように、透光性板状部材３１は、接着膜２０を介して、遮光加工ガラス板１０上に接着されている。
　図２、図３Ａおよび図３Ｂに示すように、本実施形態のガラス構造体１において、遮光加工ガラス板１０と透光性板状部材３１との間に、１本以上の電熱線３２Ｌを含む導電パターン膜３２が形成されている。１本以上の電熱線３２Ｌは、透光性板状部材３１を遮光加工ガラス板１０に接着するための接着膜２０内に形成されている。
　接着膜２０は、樹脂膜からなる。その構成樹脂としては、遮光加工ガラス板１０と透光性板状部材３１とを良好に接着できる樹脂であれば特に制限されない。接着膜２０は例えば、ポリビニルブチラール（ＰＶＢ）、エチレン酢酸ビニル共重合体（ＥＶＡ）、シクロオレフィンポリマー（ＣＯＰ）、ポリウレタン（ＰＵ）、およびアイオノマー樹脂からなる群より選ばれる１種以上の樹脂を含むことが好ましい。
　接着膜２０は必要に応じて、樹脂以外の１種以上の添加剤を含んでいてもよい。
　接着膜２０の材料としては、上記例示の樹脂を含む樹脂フィルムが好ましく、合わせガラスの中間膜用の市販の樹脂フィルムおよび市販の光学フィルム等を用いることができる。
　接着膜２０の厚さは特に制限されず、好ましくは０．０２～１ｍｍである。接着膜２０の厚さがこの範囲であれば、透光性板状部材３１を接着膜２０を介して遮光加工ガラス板１０上に良好に接着でき、ガラス構造体１の透視歪を効果的に抑制できる。
　一般的な合わせガラスの中間膜用の市販の樹脂フィルムの厚みは２００～７６０μｍであり、これを用いて形成される接着膜２０の厚みは１９０～７６０μｍである。合わせガラスの中間膜用の市販の樹脂フィルムより薄い市販の光学フィルム（例えば光学粘着シート（ＯＣＡ）等）を用いてもよい。
　遮光加工ガラス板１０が、内部および／または表面の一部に遮光層ＢＬが形成された遮光加工合わせガラス１０Ｂである場合、接着膜２０の厚さは、遮光加工合わせガラス１０Ｂの中間膜１３の厚さよりも薄いことが好ましい。なお、図３Ｂでは、視認しやすくするため、中間膜１３および接着膜２０を厚く図示してある。
　電熱線３２Ｌの通電を行うと、接着膜２０内において、電熱線３２Ｌの近傍部分は、他の部分より温度が高くなり、電熱線３２Ｌの近傍部分と他の部分との間に屈折率差が生じる。この屈折率差が大きい場合、光学装置によって得られる画像に歪みが生じる恐れがある。接着膜２０の厚さを比較的薄く設計することで、通電による画像の歪みを抑制でき、好ましい。
　図２に示すように、導電パターン膜３２は、１本以上の電熱線３２Ｌを含み、複数の電熱線３２Ｌを含むことが好ましい。導電パターン膜３２はまた、１本以上の電熱線３２Ｌと、１本以上の電熱線３２Ｌに給電するための一対のバスバー部３２Ｂとを含むことが好ましい。
　図１、図２、図３Ａおよび図３Ｂに示すように、遮光加工ガラス板１０の取付面１０Ｓ上に、１本以上の電熱線３２Ｌに給電するための一対のバスバー４１が形成されている。図中、符号ＢＧは、遮光加工ガラス板１０上に一対のバスバー４１が形成されたバスバー付き遮光加工ガラス板である。
　本実施形態において、平面視にて、バスバー４１の一部は透光性板状部材３１と重なっている。かかる構成では、導電パターン膜３２と遮光加工ガラス板１０上に形成された一対のバスバー４１との導通が容易となる。
　平面視にて、遮光加工ガラス板１０上のバスバー４１と透光性板状部材３１との重なり幅Ｗは特に制限されず、好ましくは２～１５ｍｍ、より好ましくは５～１０ｍｍである。重なり幅Ｗがこの範囲内であれば、透光性板状部材３１の歪みを効果的に抑制できる。
　本実施形態において、１本以上の電熱線３２Ｌの少なくとも一部、および／または、導電パターン膜３２に含まれるバスバー部３２Ｂの少なくとも一部が、遮光加工ガラス板１０上に形成されたバスバー４１に接している。
　一対のバスバー４１間に電圧を印加して、１本以上の電熱線３２Ｌに電流を流すことで、ガラス構造体１の曇りおよび凍結を防止できる。
　光学装置に含まれるカメラおよびレーダー等の光学機器の前方に位置する透光部ＴＰを含む領域に、曇りおよび凍結防止のための１本以上の電熱線３２Ｌを設けることで、光学装置のセンシング精度を向上できる。
　電熱線３２Ｌのラインパターンおよび配列パターンは特に制限されない。例えば、図２に示すように、平面視にて波線状および折線状等の複数の電熱線３２Ｌが所定の間隔で並置され、これらが一対のバスバー４１または一対のバスバー部３２Ｂに並列に接続されたパターン等が好ましい。
　以下、バスバーおよびバスバー部を総称して、「バスバー（部）」と表記する。
　一方のバスバー（部）（一方の極）から他方のバスバー（部）（他方の極）に至るまでの途中で、電熱線３２Ｌの波長および／または周期が変化してもよい。
　導電パターン膜３２が複数の電熱線３２Ｌを含む場合、一方のバスバー（部）（一方の極）から他方のバスバー（部）（他方の極）に至るまでの間、互いに隣接する電熱線３２Ｌの位相は揃っていてもずれていてもよい。互いに隣接する電熱線３２Ｌの位相がずれていると、光の規則的な散乱による光芒を抑制でき、好ましい。
　図２に示す複数の電熱線３２Ｌのうち、２本以上の電熱線３２Ｌを連結させてもよい。
　一対のバスバー部３２Ｂおよび一対のバスバー４１の形状と配置は、適宜設計できる。
　一対のバスバー部３２Ｂは、平面視にて、透光部ＴＰの外側に透光部ＴＰを挟んで対向配置できる。この場合、１本以上の電熱線３２Ｌを均一加熱しやすく、好ましい。一対のバスバー部３２Ｂは、平面視にて、透光部ＴＰの外側に透光部ＴＰを挟んで上下または左右に配置できる。一対のバスバー部３２Ｂは、平面視にて、透光部ＴＰの外側に透光部ＴＰを挟んで線対称に配置することが好ましい。図示例では、一対のバスバー部３２Ｂは、平面視にて、透光部ＴＰの外側に透光部ＴＰを挟んで上下に線対称に配置されている。
　同様に、一対のバスバー４１は、平面視にて、透光部ＴＰの外側に透光部ＴＰを挟んで対向配置できる。この場合、１本以上の電熱線３２Ｌを均一加熱しやすく、好ましい。一対のバスバー４１は、平面視にて、透光部ＴＰの外側に透光部ＴＰを挟んで上下または左右に配置できる。一対のバスバー４１は、平面視にて、透光部ＴＰの外側に透光部ＴＰを挟んで線対称に配置することが好ましい。
　導電パターン膜３２および一対のバスバー４１は、図１に示すように、光学装置取付領域ＯＰ内に配置することが好ましい。
　電熱線３２Ｌの線幅、厚さおよびピッチは、適宜設計できる。
　線幅は、曇りおよび凍結の防止機能と透明性のバランスの観点から、好ましくは２～１５０μｍ、より好ましくは５～５０μｍである。
　厚さは、曇りおよび凍結の防止機能と透明性のバランスの観点から、好ましくは０．０１～２０μｍ、より好ましくは０．０５～１０μｍである。
　ピッチは、曇りおよび凍結の防止機能と透明性のバランスの観点から、好ましくは１～５０μｍ、より好ましくは２～１０μｍである。
　一対のバスバー部３２Ｂおよび一対のバスバー４１の平面形状は、適宜設計できる。
　バスバー部３２Ｂの平面形状としては、ライン状、帯状、略矩形状、略台形状、およびこれらの組合せ等が挙げられる。図示例では、帯状である。
　バスバー４１の平面形状としては、ライン状、帯状、略矩形状、略台形状、およびこれらの組合せ等が挙げられる。本実施形態において、バスバー４１は、一部が、遮光加工ガラス板１０と透光性板状部材３１との間に位置し、残りの部分が透光性板状部材３１からはみ出ている。図２に示す例では、平面視にて、バスバー４１は、透光性板状部材３１の下方に、透光性板状部材３１の辺に沿って延びて形成された帯状部４１Ａと、この帯状部４１Ａに繋がって形成され、一部が透光性板状部材３１の外側に位置する略矩形状部４１Ｂとからなる。
　図示例では、導電パターン膜３２は、複数の電熱線３２Ｌと一対のバスバー部３２Ｂとを含み、平面視にて、個々の電熱線３２Ｌは上下方向に延び、一対のバスバー部３２Ｂは、透光部ＴＰの外側に透光部ＴＰを挟んで上下に線対称に配置されている。一対のバスバー４１は、透光部ＴＰの外側に透光部ＴＰを挟んで上下に線対称に配置されている。
　平面視にて、個々の電熱線３２Ｌの上側と下側の端部がそれぞれ、透光部ＴＰを挟んで上側と下側に配置されたバスバー部３２Ｂと、透光部ＴＰを挟んで上側と下側に配置されたバスバー４１に接している。平面視にて、透光部ＴＰを挟んで上側と下側に配置された導電パターン膜３２のバスバー部３２Ｂがそれぞれ、透光部ＴＰを挟んで上側と下側とに配置されたバスバー４１に接している。
　導電パターン膜３２は、１種以上の導電性材料を含む。導電パターン膜３２の材料としては、Ａｇ、Ａｕ、Ｃｕ、Ｐｄ、Ｐｔ、Ｔｉ、Ｃｒ、Ｎｉ、Ａｌ、Ｚｒ、Ｗ、Ｖ、Ｒｈ、Ｉｒ、およびこれらの合金等の金属；ＺｎＯ、ＳｎＯ２、Ｉｎ２Ｏ３（ＩＴＯ）、ＷＯ３、Ａｌ２Ｏ３、Ｇａ２Ｏ５、ＴｉＯ２、およびＴａ２Ｏ５等の金属酸化物；これらの組合せが挙げられる。導電パターン膜３２は、積層膜であってもよい。
　導電パターン膜３２の成膜方法は特に制限されず、スパッタ法、真空蒸着法およびイオンプレーティング法等の物理蒸着法（PVD：Physical Vapor Deposition）；化学蒸着法（CVD：Chemical Vapor Deposition）；ウェットコーティング法等が挙げられる。
　１本以上の電熱線３２Ｌは成膜されたものでなく、１本以上の電熱線３２Ｌとして市販の１本以上のワイヤーを用いてもよい。
　一対のバスバー４１は、１種以上の導電性材料を含む導電膜である。一対のバスバー４１の材料としては、Ａｇ、Ａｕ、Ｃｕ、Ｐｄ、Ｐｔ、Ｔｉ、Ｃｒ、Ｎｉ、Ａｌ、Ｚｒ、Ｗ、Ｖ、Ｒｈ、Ｉｒ、およびこれらの合金等の金属；ＺｎＯ、ＳｎＯ２、Ｉｎ２Ｏ３（ＩＴＯ）、ＷＯ３、Ａｌ２Ｏ３、Ｇａ２Ｏ５、ＴｉＯ２、およびＴａ２Ｏ５等の金属酸化物；これらの組合せが挙げられる。一対のバスバー４１は、積層膜であってもよい。
　透光性板状部材３１の厚さに対するバスバー４１の厚さの比（バスバーの厚さ／透光性板状部材の厚さ）は特に制限されず、好ましくは０．０５以下、より好ましくは０．０２以下である。
　バスバー４１の厚さは特に制限されず、好ましくは２０μｍ以下、より好ましくは１５μｍ以下、特に好ましくは１０μｍ以下である。バスバー４１の厚さの下限値は、好ましくは５μｍ、より好ましくは６μｍである。
　バスバー４１の形成方法は特に制限されない。バスバー４１は例えば、遮光加工ガラス板１０の取付面１０Ｓ上に、１種以上の導電性粒子を含む導電性ペーストを印刷し、加熱することで、形成できる。導電性ペーストとしては、銅粒子と有機バインダーとを含む銅ペースト、および、銀粒子と有機バインダーとを含む銀ペースト等が好ましい。
　一対のバスバー４１にはそれぞれ、必要に応じて端子６１が取り付けられる。
　端子６１の平面形状およびバスバー４１に対する端子６１の取付位置は、光学装置の取付けに支障のない範囲で適宜設計できる。
　図示例では、バスバー４１の透光性板状部材３１より外側に位置する部分の上に端子６１が取り付けられている。平面視にて、端子６１は、少なくとも一部がバスバー４１上に位置していればよく、端子６１の一部は、バスバー４１からはみ出していてもよい。
　端子６１は公知方法にてバスバー４１に取り付けることができ、例えば、半田を用いた固定方法が好ましい。
　一般的に、遮光加工ガラス板においては、遮光層のある遮光加工部は、遮光層のない透光部よりも相対的に厚くなる。また、ガラス板の熱成形工程では、黒色の遮光加工部が透光部より、熱吸収量が大きく、温度が高くなる。これら要因により、遮光加工ガラス板においては、遮光加工部と透光部との境界近傍に凹凸が生じ、これにより、遮光加工部と透光部との境界近傍に透視歪が生じ、光学装置によって得られる画像に歪みが生じる恐れがある。
　本実施形態のガラス構造体１は、遮光加工ガラス板１０の光学装置の取付面１０Ｓ上に、接着膜２０を介して、透光部ＴＰおよび遮光加工部ＢＰの一部を覆うように、遮光加工ガラス板１０よりも薄い透光性板状部材３１を取り付けている。そのため、図３Ａおよび図３Ｂに示すように、遮光加工ガラス板１０の遮光加工部ＢＰと透光部ＴＰとの境界近傍の凹凸を小さくして、遮光加工ガラス板１０の遮光加工部ＢＰと透光部ＴＰとの境界近傍の透視歪を抑制し、光学装置によって得られる画像に歪みが生じるのを抑制できる。
　透視歪の有無またはレベルは例えば、ガラス構造体を通してゼブラパターンを視認したときに見られるパターンの歪みで評価できる。
　［背景技術］の項で挙げた特許文献２に記載の車両用窓ガラスでは、フロントガラスを構成する合わせガラスの内部に、略全面に電熱膜が形成され、上下両端部にバスバーが帯状に形成されている。
　本実施形態では、１本以上の電熱線３２Ｌは、面積の大きい遮光加工ガラス板１０上ではなく、面積の小さい透光性板状部材３１上に形成すればよいため、１本以上の電熱線３２Ｌの形成領域が狭く、遮光加工ガラス板１０の製造とは別工程で、１本以上の電熱線３２Ｌを簡易に低コストに形成できる。
　本実施形態では、遮光加工ガラス板１０の取付面１０Ｓ上に、一対のバスバー４１が形成される。一対のバスバー４１の形成領域は、透光性板状部材３１上に形成された１本以上の電熱線３２Ｌの形成領域に合わせて、小さく設計できる。そのため、一対のバスバー４１も、簡易に低コストに形成できる。
　本実施形態では、遮光加工ガラス板１０の取付面１０Ｓ上に、一対のバスバー４１を形成するので、透光性板状部材３１上に一対のバスバー４１を形成する場合と異なり、仮積層体の焼成工程等において、一対のバスバー４１の存在によって透光性板状部材３１に歪みが生じる恐れがない。
　本実施形態では、遮光加工ガラス板１０の取付面１０Ｓ上に、一対のバスバー４１を形成するので、透光性板状部材３１上に一対のバスバー４１を形成する場合と異なり、バスバー４１上への端子６１の形成も、容易である。
　特許文献２に記載の車両用窓ガラスでは、フロントガラスを構成する合わせガラスの内部に形成され、平面視にてフロントガラスの上下両端部に形成された一対のバスバーから配線を引き出す必要がある。この場合、バスバーからフロントガラスの側面を通って内面側または外面側に配線を引き出す必要があり、配線の引出しが遠回りとなり、見栄えもあまり良くない。
　本実施形態では、透光性板状部材３１上に１本以上の電熱線３２Ｌを形成し、その近傍に一対のバスバー４１を形成するので、遮光加工ガラス板１０に対する透光性板状部材３１の取付位置と一対のバスバー４１の形成位置の設計自由度が高い。そのため、バスバー４１からの配線引出の設計自由度が高く、バスバー４１からの配線引出を美観良く設計できる。
　合わせガラスの内部に電熱膜と一対のバスバーを封入する特許文献２に記載の車両用窓ガラスと異なり、本実施形態のガラス構造体１では、透光性板状部材３１上に形成された１本以上の電熱線３２Ｌにより結露面を直接加熱できるため、防曇性能も高く、好ましい。
　バスバー４１と透光部ＴＰとの平面離間距離は、特に制限されない。バスバー近傍の透視歪防止の観点から、バスバー４１と透光部ＴＰとの最短平面離間距離は、好ましくは３ｍｍ以上である。視野確保の観点から、バスバー４１と透光部ＴＰとの最短平面離間距離の上限は、好ましくは２０ｍｍである。
　以上説明したように、本実施形態によれば、遮光加工部と透光部との境界近傍における透視歪を抑制でき、電熱線およびバスバーを簡易に低コストに形成でき、バスバーからの配線引出の設計自由度が高いガラス構造体１を提供できる。
［第１実施形態のガラス構造体の製造方法］
　図４Ａに示すように、本発明に係る第１実施形態のガラス構造体の製造方法は、
　遮光加工ガラス板１０上に一対のバスバー４１が形成されたバスバー付き遮光加工ガラス板ＢＧを用意する工程（Ｓ１１）と、
　接着用の樹脂フィルム２０Ｐ上に導電パターン膜３２が形成された導電パターン膜付き樹脂フィルムＥＦを用意する工程（Ｓ１２）と、
　透光性板状部材３１を用意する工程（Ｓ１３）と、
　バスバー付き遮光加工ガラス板ＢＧと、導電パターン膜付き樹脂フィルムＥＦと、透光性板状部材３１とを重ね、熱圧着する工程（Ｓ１４）とを有する。
（工程（Ｓ１１））
　遮光加工ガラス板１０を用意する。図３Ａに示したような強化ガラス１１の表面の一部に遮光層ＢＬが形成された遮光加工強化ガラス１０Ａ、または、図３Ｂに示したような複数のガラス板１２を中間膜１３を介して貼り合わせた合わせガラスの内部および／または表面の一部に遮光層ＢＬが形成された遮光加工合わせガラス１０Ｂを用意する。遮光層ＢＬの形成方法は上記したので、ここでは省略する。
　遮光加工強化ガラス１０Ａまたは遮光加工合わせガラス１０Ｂの取付面１０Ｓ上に、一対のバスバー４１を形成して、図４Ａに示すような、バスバー付き遮光加工ガラス板ＢＧを用意する。さらに必要に応じて、一対のバスバー４１上にそれぞれ端子６１を形成する。一対のバスバー４１および端子６１の形成方法は上記したので、ここでは省略する。
　図４Ａは、図３Ａに対応した模式断面図である。この図では、遮光加工ガラス板１０が、遮光加工強化ガラス１０Ａである場合について、図示してある。
（工程（Ｓ１２））
　別途、図４Ａに示すように、接着用の樹脂フィルム２０Ｐ上に導電パターン膜３２を形成して、導電パターン膜付き樹脂フィルムＥＦを用意する。導電パターン膜３２の形成方法は上記したので、ここでは省略する。
（工程（Ｓ１３））
　別途、図４Ａに示すように、透光性板状部材３１を用意する。
　工程（Ｓ１１）、工程（Ｓ１２）および工程（Ｓ１３）の順序は特に制限されず、これらのうちの複数の工程を同時に実施してもよい。
（工程（Ｓ１４））
　図４Ａに示すように用意した、バスバー付き遮光加工ガラス板ＢＧと、導電パターン膜付き樹脂フィルムＥＦと、透光性板状部材３１とを重ねて、仮積層体を得る。
　透光性板状部材３１は、遮光加工ガラス板１０の透光部ＴＰおよび遮光加工部ＢＰの一部を覆うように、配置する。
　導電パターン膜付き樹脂フィルムＥＦは、導電パターン膜３２側がバスバー付き遮光加工ガラス板ＢＧ側になり、樹脂フィルム２０Ｐ側が透光性板状部材３１となるように、バスバー付き遮光加工ガラス板ＢＧと透光性板状部材３１との間に配置する。導電パターン膜付き樹脂フィルムＥＦは、導電パターン膜３２の一部がバスバー４１に接するように、バスバー付き遮光加工ガラス板ＢＧと透光性板状部材３１との間に配置する。
　得られた仮積層体を熱圧着する。この工程では、樹脂フィルム２０Ｐが軟化し、加圧されることで、１本以上の電熱線３２Ｌと遮光加工ガラス板１０との間に、軟化した樹脂が広がり、図３Ａに示したように、遮光加工ガラス板１０と透光性板状部材３１とが接着膜２０を介して接着される。
　熱圧着は、公知方法にて実施できる。熱圧着法としては、仮積層体をゴム製等の袋の中に入れ、真空中で加熱する方法；自動加圧加熱処理装置およびオートクレーブ等を用いて仮積層体を加圧加熱する方法；これらの組合せが挙げられる。
　温度、圧力、および時間の熱圧着条件は特に制限されず、接着用の樹脂フィルム２０Ｐの種類と温度に応じて設計される。熱圧着条件は、樹脂フィルムが軟化し、充分に加圧され、遮光加工ガラス板１０と透光性板状部材３１とが接着膜２０を介して充分に接着される条件であればよい。
　熱圧着は、方法または条件を変えて、複数段階で実施してもよい。
　例えば、仮積層体をゴム製等の袋の中に入れ、－６５～－１００ｋＰａの真空中で、７０～１１０℃に加熱した後、温度１００～１５０℃程度、圧力０．６～１．３ＭＰａ程度の条件で加圧加熱する方法が好ましい。
　接着用の樹脂フィルム２０Ｐが軟化した状態で圧着されることで、遮光加工ガラス板１０の表面にある遮光層ＢＬの間が接着膜２０で埋まり、遮光加工ガラス板１０の遮光加工部ＢＰと透光部ＴＰとの境界近傍の表面凹凸が低減される。この結果、遮光加工ガラス板１０の遮光加工部ＢＰと透光部ＴＰとの境界近傍の透視歪が抑制され、光学装置によって得られる画像に歪みが生じるのが抑制される。
　以上のようにして、図３Ａに示したようなガラス構造体１が製造される。
［第２実施形態のガラス構造体の製造方法］
　図４Ｂに示すように、本発明に係る第２実施形態のガラス構造体の製造方法は、
　少なくとも１枚の表面の一部に遮光層ＢＬが形成され、１枚の表面に一対のバスバー４１が形成された複数のガラス板１２を用意する工程（Ｓ２１）と、
　接着用の樹脂フィルム２０Ｐ上に導電パターン膜３２が形成された導電パターン膜付き樹脂フィルムＥＦを用意する工程（Ｓ２２）と、
　透光性板状部材３１を用意する工程（Ｓ２３）と、
　一対のバスバー４１が最表に位置するように、複数のガラス板１２を各ガラス板間に接着用の樹脂フィルム１３Ｐを配置して重ねて得られたガラス仮積層体ＰＧと、導電パターン膜付き樹脂フィルムＥＦと、透光性板状部材３１とを重ね、熱圧着する工程（Ｓ２４）とを有する。
（工程（Ｓ２１））
　図４Ｂに示すように、少なくとも１枚の表面の一部に遮光層ＢＬが形成され、１枚の表面に一対のバスバー４１が形成された複数のガラス板１２を用意する。必要に応じて、一対のバスバー４１上にそれぞれ端子６１を形成する。遮光層ＢＬ、一対のバスバー４１および端子６１の形成方法は上記したので、ここでは省略する。
　図４Ｂは、図３Ｂに対応した模式断面図である。
（工程（Ｓ２２））
　別途、図４Ｂに示すように、接着用の樹脂フィルム２０Ｐ上に導電パターン膜３２を形成して、導電パターン膜付き樹脂フィルムＥＦを用意する。導電パターン膜３２の形成方法は上記したので、ここでは省略する。
（工程（Ｓ２３））
　別途、図４Ｂに示すように、透光性板状部材３１を用意する。
　工程（Ｓ２１）、工程（Ｓ２２）および工程（Ｓ２３）の順序は特に制限されず、これらのうちの複数の工程を同時に実施してもよい。
（工程（Ｓ２４））
　図４Ｂに示すように、一対のバスバー４１が最表に位置するように、複数のガラス板１２を各ガラス板間に接着用の樹脂フィルム１３Ｐを配置して重ね、ガラス仮積層体ＰＧを得る。このガラス仮積層体ＰＧと、導電パターン膜付き樹脂フィルムＥＦと、透光性板状部材３１とを重ねて仮積層体を得る。この仮積層体を熱圧着する。
　透光性板状部材３１の配置、導電パターン膜付き樹脂フィルムＥＦの配置および熱圧着条件は、工程（Ｓ１４）と同様である。
　以上のようにして、図３Ｂに示したようなガラス構造体１が製造される。
　第２実施形態のガラス構造体の製造方法では、合わせガラスの製造と、合わせガラスに対する透光性板状部材３１の接着とを同時に行うことができ、好ましい。
　以下に、実施例に基づいて本発明について説明するが、本発明は、これらに限定されるものではない。例１－１、１－２、３～６が実施例である。
［評価項目と評価方法］
（透視歪み）
　ＪＩＳ　Ｒ　３２１２：２０１５（５．１２）に準拠して、透視歪み試験を実施した。供試体とスクリーンとの距離は４ｍとした。供試体の水平線に対する取付角は、２５ｄｅｇとした。下記基準にて評価した。
◎（優良）：透光部（ＴＰ）内の透視歪みの最大値が１．５分以下、
〇（良、合格）：透光部（ＴＰ）内の透視歪みの最大値が、前面窓試験領域Ａの閾値以下（具体的には２．０分以下）、
×（不良）：透光部（ＴＰ）内の透視歪みの最大値が２．０分超。
［例１－１］
（工程（Ｓ２１））
　合わせガラスの材料として、２枚の平坦なガラス板（１２）（縦３００ｍｍ×横３００ｍｍの正方形状、２ｍｍ厚）を用意した。
　図４Ｂに示すように、上記２枚のガラス板（１２）の一方の表面上に対してそれぞれ、中央部に縦４０ｍｍ×横４０ｍｍの正方形状の透光部（ＴＰ）が残るように、その周りの領域に、黒色顔料とガラスフリットとを含むペーストを塗工し、加熱して、遮光層（ＢＬ）を形成した。
　さらに、図４Ｂに示すように、一方のガラス板（１２）の遮光層（ＢＬ）上に、一対のバスバー（４１）を形成した。平面視にて、透光部（ＴＰ）を挟んで上下に、一対のバスバー（４１）を形成した。バスバー（４１）の形状は、図２に示すような帯状部（４１Ａ）と略矩形状部（４１Ｂ）との組合せとした。バスバー（４１）は、一方のガラス板（１２）の遮光層上の所定の領域に、銅粒子と有機バインダーとを含む銅ペーストを印刷し、加熱することで、形成した。バスバーの厚さは５０μｍとし、バスバーの帯状部の幅は１０ｍｍとした。
　上記２枚のガラス板（１２）を熱成形して、縦方向に湾曲させた。凹曲面の縦方向の曲率半径は、３０００ｍｍとした。
（工程（Ｓ２２））
　透光性板状部材接着用の接着膜の材料（接着用の樹脂フィルム（２０Ｐ））として、ポリビニルブチラール（ＰＶＢ）フィルム（１ｍｍ厚）を用意した。このＰＶＢフィルム上に、図２に模式的に示したような平面視波線状の複数の電熱線（３２Ｌ）と帯状の一対のバスバー部（３２Ｂ）とからなる導電パターン膜（３２）を形成した。複数の電熱線（３２Ｌ）は、線幅１０μｍ、厚さ１０μｍ、ピッチ３ｍｍの条件で、形成した。バスバー部（３２Ｂ）の幅は、１０ｍｍとした。このようにして、図４Ｂに示すような導電パターン膜付き樹脂フィルム（ＥＦ）を得た。
（工程（Ｓ２３））
　透光性板状部材（３１）として、化学強化ガラス（縦７０ｍｍ×横７０ｍｍの正方形状、１ｍｍ厚）を用意した。
（工程（Ｓ２４））
　合わせガラスの中間膜の材料（接着用の樹脂フィルム（１３Ｐ））として、ポリビニルブチラール（ＰＶＢ）フィルム（０．７６ｍｍ厚）を用意した。図４Ｂに示すように、工程（Ｓ２１）で得られた２枚の湾曲ガラス板（１２）の間に、上記接着用の樹脂フィルム（１３Ｐ）を挟み、ガラス仮積層体（ＰＧ）を得た。図４Ｂに示すように、一対のバスバー（４１）が最表に位置するように、２枚の湾曲ガラス板（１２）を配置した。
　図４Ｂに示すように、上記ガラス仮積層体（ＰＧ）と、工程（Ｓ２２）で得られた導電パターン膜付き樹脂フィルム（ＥＦ）と、工程（Ｓ２３）で用意した透光性板状部材（３１）とを重ねた。
　透光性板状部材（３１）は、遮光加工ガラス板（１０）の透光部（ＴＰ）および遮光加工部（ＢＰ）の一部を覆い、湾曲ガラス板（１２）上に形成されたバスバー（４１）の帯状部を覆うように、配置した。表１および表２に示す例では、バスバー（４１）の帯状部の幅が、平面視にて、遮光加工ガラス板（１０）上のバスバー（４１）と透光性板状部材（３１）との重なり幅（Ｗ）にほぼ一致する。
　導電パターン膜付き樹脂フィルム（ＥＦ）は、導電パターン膜（３２）側がバスバー付き遮光加工ガラス板（ＢＧ）側になり、樹脂フィルム（２０Ｐ）側が透光性板状部材（３１）となるように、ガラス仮積層体（ＰＧ）と透光性板状部材（３１）との間に配置した。導電パターン膜付き樹脂フィルム（ＥＦ）は、導電パターン膜（３２）に含まれる電熱線（３２Ｌ）の端部とバスバー部（３２Ｂ）が湾曲ガラス板（１２）上に形成されたバスバー（４１）に接するように、ガラス仮積層体（ＰＧ）と透光性板状部材（３１）との間に配置した。
　得られた仮積層体を熱圧着した。具体的には、仮積層体をゴム製の袋の中に入れ、－６０ｋＰａの真空中で、１１０℃に加熱した後、温度１５０℃、圧力１．３ＭＰａの条件で加圧加熱した。これらの工程で、透光性板状部材（３１）はガラス仮積層体（ＰＧ）の表面形状に沿うように湾曲した。熱圧着後の透光性板状部材（３１）の凹曲面の縦方向の曲率半径は、３０００ｍｍであった。
　以上のようにして、ガラス構造体を得た。主な製造条件と評価結果を、表１に示す。表１および表２の各例において、表に不記載の条件は共通条件とした。
［例１－２、３～６］
　表１および表２に示す条件に変更した以外は例１－１と同様にして、ガラス構造体を得た。評価結果を、表１および表２に示す。
　表１中の各略号は、以下のものを示す。
ＰＥＴ：ポリエチレンテレフタレート、
ＯＣＡ：日東電工社製の光学用透明粘着シート「ＬＵＣＩＡＣＳ（登録商標）　ＣＳ９８６シリーズ」を厚さ１ｍｍになるように複数重ねたもの。
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000001
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000002
［結果のまとめ］
　例１－１、１－２、３～６では、
　遮光加工ガラス板の凹曲面（光学装置の取付面に相当）上に、透光部および遮光加工部の一部を覆うように、遮光加工ガラス板よりも薄い透光性板状部材が接着膜を介して接着され、
　遮光加工ガラス板と透光性板状部材との間に、複数の電熱線を含む導電パターン膜が設けられ、
　複数の電熱線は、接着膜内に形成され、
　遮光加工ガラス板の取付面上に一対のバスバーが形成されたガラス構造体を得た。
　得られたガラス構造体はいずれも、透視歪が小さく、良好であった。
　本発明は上記実施形態及び実施例に限定されるものではなく、本発明の趣旨を逸脱しない限りにおいて、適宜設計変更できる。
　この出願は、２０２０年１２月２５日に出願された日本出願特願２０２０－２１７１４５号を基礎とする優先権を主張し、その開示の全てをここに取り込む。
１：ガラス構造体、１０：遮光加工ガラス板、１０Ａ：遮光加工強化ガラス、１０Ｂ：遮光加工合わせガラス、１０Ｓ：取付面、１１：強化ガラス、１２：ガラス板、１３：中間膜、２０：接着膜、３１：透光性板状部材、３２：導電パターン膜、３２Ｌ：電熱線、３２Ｂ：バスバー部、４１：バスバー、６１：端子、ＢＧ：遮光加工ガラス板、ＢＬ：遮光層、ＢＰ：遮光加工部、ＥＦ：導電パターン膜付き樹脂フィルム、ＯＰ：光学装置取付領域、ＰＧ：ガラス仮積層体、ＴＰ：透光部、Ｗ：重なり幅。

Claims (14)

  1. 　光学装置が取り付けられる光学装置取付領域と、当該光学装置取付領域内に位置し、外部から前記光学装置への入射光および／または前記光学装置からの出射光が通る透光部と、当該透光部の少なくとも一部を囲む遮光加工部とを有する遮光加工ガラス板と、
    　前記遮光加工ガラス板の前記光学装置の取付面上に、前記透光部および前記遮光加工部の一部を覆って取り付けられた、前記遮光加工ガラス板よりも薄い透光性板状部材と、
    　前記遮光加工ガラス板と前記透光性板状部材との間に形成された、１本以上の電熱線を含む導電パターン膜とを有し、
    　前記透光性板状部材は、接着膜を介して前記遮光加工ガラス板に接着され、
    　前記電熱線は、前記接着膜内に形成され、
    　前記遮光加工ガラス板の前記取付面上に、１本以上の前記電熱線に給電するための一対のバスバーが形成された、ガラス構造体。
  2. 　平面視にて、前記バスバーの一部は前記透光性板状部材と重なっており、
    　１本以上の前記電熱線の少なくとも一部が、前記バスバーに接した、請求項１に記載のガラス構造体。
  3. 　平面視にて、前記バスバーの一部は前記透光性板状部材と重なっており、
    　前記導電パターン膜は１本以上の前記電熱線と一対のバスバー部とを含み、
    　前記導電パターン膜に含まれる前記バスバー部の少なくとも一部が、前記遮光加工ガラス板上の前記バスバーに接した、請求項１または２に記載のガラス構造体。
  4. 　前記遮光加工ガラス板上の前記一対のバスバーのそれぞれの上に、端子が取り付けられた、請求項１～３のいずれか１項に記載のガラス構造体。
  5. 　前記遮光加工ガラス板は、内部および／または表面の一部に遮光層が形成された合わせガラス、または、表面の一部に遮光層が形成された強化ガラスである、請求項１～４のいずれか１項に記載のガラス構造体。
  6. 　前記遮光加工ガラス板は、内部および／または表面の一部に遮光層が形成された合わせガラスであり、前記接着膜の厚さは、前記合わせガラスの中間膜の厚さよりも薄い、請求項１～５のいずれか１項に記載のガラス構造体。
  7. 　前記透光性板状部材は、ガラスおよび／または樹脂からなる、請求項１～６のいずれか１項に記載のガラス構造体。
  8. 　前記接着膜の厚さが０．０２～１ｍｍである、請求項１～７のいずれか１項に記載のガラス構造体。
  9. 　前記透光性板状部材の厚さに対する前記バスバーの厚さの比が０．０５以下である、請求項１～８のいずれか１項に記載のガラス構造体。
  10. 　平面視にて、前記遮光加工ガラス板上の前記バスバーと前記透光性板状部材との重なり幅が２～１５ｍｍである、請求項２に記載のガラス構造体。
  11. 　前記透光性板状部材は、厚みが１ｍｍ以下である、請求項１～１０のいずれか１項に記載のガラス構造体。
  12. 　前記遮光加工ガラス板および前記透光性板状部材は、内面の曲率半径が１０００～２００００ｍｍである、請求項１～１１のいずれか１項に記載のガラス構造体。
  13. 　前記遮光加工ガラス板上に前記一対のバスバーが形成されたバスバー付き遮光加工ガラス板を用意する工程（Ｓ１１）と、
    　接着用の樹脂フィルム上に前記導電パターン膜が形成された導電パターン膜付き樹脂フィルムを用意する工程（Ｓ１２）と、
    　前記透光性板状部材を用意する工程（Ｓ１３）と、
    　前記バスバー付き遮光加工ガラス板と、前記導電パターン膜付き樹脂フィルムと、前記前記透光性板状部材とを重ね、熱圧着する工程（Ｓ１４）とを有する、請求項１～１２のいずれか１項に記載のガラス構造体の製造方法。
  14. 　前記遮光加工ガラス板は、内部および／または表面の一部に遮光層が形成された合わせガラスであり、
    　少なくとも１枚の表面の一部に前記遮光層が形成され、１枚の表面に前記一対のバスバーが形成された複数のガラス板を用意する工程（Ｓ２１）と、
    　接着用の樹脂フィルム上に前記導電パターン膜が形成された導電パターン膜付き樹脂フィルムを用意する工程（Ｓ２２）と、
    　前記透光性板状部材を用意する工程（Ｓ２３）と、
    　前記一対のバスバーが最表に位置するように、前記複数のガラス板を各ガラス板間に接着用の樹脂フィルムを配置して重ねて得られたガラス仮積層体と、前記導電パターン膜付き樹脂フィルムと、前記前記透光性板状部材とを重ね、熱圧着する工程（Ｓ２４）とを有する、請求項１～１２のいずれか１項に記載のガラス構造体の製造方法。
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