WO2022135573A1 - Peat soil matrix for cultivating sugarcane seedlings and preparation method for seedbed thereof - Google Patents

Peat soil matrix for cultivating sugarcane seedlings and preparation method for seedbed thereof Download PDF

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WO2022135573A1
WO2022135573A1 PCT/CN2021/141247 CN2021141247W WO2022135573A1 WO 2022135573 A1 WO2022135573 A1 WO 2022135573A1 CN 2021141247 W CN2021141247 W CN 2021141247W WO 2022135573 A1 WO2022135573 A1 WO 2022135573A1
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peat soil
seedbed
soil matrix
matrix
seedling
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PCT/CN2021/141247
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
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李长宁
农倩
林丽
谢金兰
莫璋红
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广西壮族自治区农业科学院
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Publication of WO2022135573A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022135573A1/en

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
    • A01G24/12Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/30Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/28Raised beds; Planting beds; Edging elements for beds, lawn or the like, e.g. tiles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of substrates for raising sugarcane seedlings, in particular to a peat soil substrate for raising sugarcane seedlings and a method for preparing seedbeds.
  • sugarcane seedlings The cultivation of sugarcane seedlings is the basic work in the early stage of sugarcane hybrid breeding, in which the quality of seedling seedlings determines the seed emergence rate, survival rate, and disease susceptibility rate, and has a decisive impact on the number and vigor of seedlings in the later stage.
  • the traditional sugarcane seedling raising substrate is mixed with fine soil, manure and bagasse as the substrate for raising seedlings, but it is often difficult to grasp the degree of decomposing of manure and bagasse, the sterilization is incomplete, and the nutrient content is difficult to control, resulting in low seed emergence rate and poor seedling.
  • Peat soil is a sterile, non-toxic, non-polluting, natural swamp product with good water retention and ventilation performance, fertilizer retention, organic matter and humic acid content.
  • peat soil has been widely used in commercial crops such as flowers and medicinal materials. cultivation.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art, and to provide a peat soil substrate for raising sugarcane seedlings and a method for preparing the seedbed.
  • the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
  • the present invention is a peat soil matrix for raising sugarcane seedlings and a method for preparing a seedbed, comprising: the formula of the peat soil matrix is 10-30g of cellulose, 12-26g of hemicellulose, 16-20g of lignin, and 80-80g of humic acid. 115g, clay 100-120g, quartz 10-25g and other mineral impurities 8-10g, carbendazim powder 100-150g, formalin 10-26g, the method for preparing peat soil matrix is as follows:
  • Pretreatment Add 10-30g of cellulose, 12-26g of hemicellulose, 16-20g of lignin, 80-115g of humic acid, 100-120g of clay, 10-25g of quartz and 8-10g of other mineral impurities in sequence , fully stirring and mixing, stirring time 10-15min, rotating speed 50r/min, to obtain peat soil matrix;
  • the other minerals include collophosphate, fluorite, hematite and sulfides of iron, lead, zinc and copper.
  • the pH value of the peat soil substrate is 5.0-6.8, and the organic matter content is 468-516 g/kg.
  • the method steps are as follows:
  • the bottom of the seedbed for raising seedlings is spliced together with polyethylene foam trays with a length of 75cm and a width of 10cm, and the width of the furrow is 35-55cm.
  • the width of the furrow is 20-25cm and the depth of the furrow is 10-15cm. Conducive to the discharge of excess water;
  • the brewing hotbed is a seedbed that utilizes brewing materials such as livestock manure, straw, weeds and other brewing materials to generate heat and heat, and uses solar energy to improve the bed temperature.
  • brewing materials such as livestock manure, straw, weeds and other brewing materials to generate heat and heat, and uses solar energy to improve the bed temperature.
  • the low-temperature brewing materials include: Cow dung, fallen leaves, bark and crop residues.
  • the total content of peat soil in the seedling substrate is up to 65%, the substrate is loose, and its organic matter and content are relatively high, so that the sugarcane seeds sown on the substrate have a high emergence rate, developed root systems, and no lodging, disease-susceptibility, etc. in the seedling stage.
  • the resulting plant death provides breeders with a large and high-quality sugarcane seedling population.
  • the nursery base of the present invention compared with the traditional nursery matrix with manure as the main body, not only significantly improves the quantity and quality of seedlings, but also reduces the input of manure and water and electricity consumption such as manure, bagasse decomposing, and better solves the traditional
  • manure in the seedling matrix is difficult to buy, the cost is high, the degree of decay of the manure and bagasse is difficult to grasp and the sterilization is incomplete.
  • the prepared peat soil is sprayed with 50% carbendazim powder or 40% formalin 100 times liquid in every 1 m 3 of peat soil before use to disinfect. , to prevent diseases and insect pests in the peat soil matrix, resulting in diseased seedlings, residual seedlings, and even dead and missing seedlings, affecting the quality of seedlings.
  • the invention provides a peat soil substrate for sugarcane seedling raising and a method for preparing a seedbed, including the formula of the peat soil substrate: 10-30 g of cellulose, 12-26 g of hemicellulose, 16-20 g of lignin, and 80 g of humic acid. -115g, clay 100-120g, quartz 10-25g and other mineral impurities 8-10g, formalin 10-26g, the method for preparing peat soil matrix is as follows:
  • Pretreatment Add 10-30g of cellulose, 12-26g of hemicellulose, 16-20g of lignin, 80-115g of humic acid, 100-120g of clay, 10-25g of quartz and 8-10g of other mineral impurities in sequence , fully stirring and mixing, stirring time 10-15min, rotating speed 50r/min, to obtain peat soil matrix;
  • Adopt the peat soil matrix of sugarcane seedlings to carry out the method for seedbed preparation it is characterized in that, the method steps are as follows:
  • the bottom of the seedbed for raising seedlings is spliced together with polyethylene foam trays with a length of 75cm and a width of 10cm, and the width of the furrow is 35-55cm.
  • the width of the furrow is 20-25cm and the depth of the furrow is 10-15cm. Conducive to the discharge of excess water;
  • the invention provides a peat soil substrate for sugarcane seedling raising and a method for preparing a seedbed, including the formula of the peat soil substrate: 10-30 g of cellulose, 12-26 g of hemicellulose, 16-20 g of lignin, and 80 g of humic acid. -115g, clay 100-120g, quartz 10-25g and other mineral impurities 8-10g, formalin 10-26g, the method for preparing peat soil matrix is as follows:
  • Pretreatment Add 10-30g of cellulose, 12-26g of hemicellulose, 16-20g of lignin, 80-115g of humic acid, 100-120g of clay, 10-25g of quartz and 8-10g of other mineral impurities in sequence , fully stirring and mixing, stirring time 15min, rotating speed 50r/min, to obtain peat soil matrix;
  • Adopt the peat soil matrix of sugarcane seedlings to carry out the method for seedbed preparation it is characterized in that, the method steps are as follows:
  • the bottom of the seedbed for raising seedlings is spliced together with polyethylene foam trays with a length of 75cm and a width of 10cm, and the width of the furrow is 35-55cm.
  • the width of the furrow is 20-25cm and the depth of the furrow is 10-15cm. Conducive to the discharge of excess water;
  • the substrate is loose, and its organic matter and content are high, so that the sugarcane seeds sown on the substrate have a high emergence rate, developed root systems, and no lodging, disease-susceptibility, etc. at the seedling stage.
  • Plants die, providing breeders with a large number of high-quality sugarcane seedling groups.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

A peat soil matrix for cultivating sugarcane seedlings. The peat soil matrix is formulated by cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, humic acid, clay, quartz and other mineral impurities, carbendazim powder and formalin, and is pretreated, sterilized and compounded to form a seedling matrix. The total content of peat soil in the seedling matrix is up to 65%, the matrix is loose, and the organic matter content therein is high, so that sugarcane seeds sown on the matrix have a high seedling emergence rate and a well-developed root system, and there is no plant death caused by lodging and diseases in the seedling stage. The present invention also includes a preparation method for a seedbed.

Description

一种甘蔗实生苗育苗的泥炭土基质及其苗床准备的方法A kind of peat soil substrate for sugarcane seedling raising and seedbed preparation method thereof 技术领域technical field
本发明涉及甘蔗实生苗育苗的基质技术领域,特别涉及一种甘蔗实生苗育苗的泥炭土基质及其苗床准备的方法。The invention relates to the technical field of substrates for raising sugarcane seedlings, in particular to a peat soil substrate for raising sugarcane seedlings and a method for preparing seedbeds.
背景技术Background technique
甘蔗实生苗培育是甘蔗杂交育种的前期基础工作,其中实生苗育苗基质的优劣决定着种子出苗率、成活率、感病率,对后期实生苗的数量和生势起着决定性的影响,是实生苗培育工作成败的关键所在。传统的甘蔗实生苗育苗基质以细土、厩肥、蔗渣进行混配作为育苗基质,但常因厩肥、蔗渣的腐熟程度不易掌握、灭菌不彻底、养分含量难以控制,导致种子出苗率低、苗期烧苗及感病等情况,造成所培育的实生苗在数量和质量上均达不到育种家的要求,严重影响着甘蔗杂交育种工作效率。泥炭土是一种无菌、无毒、无污染,持水性和通气性能好、保肥、有机质和腐殖酸含量高的天然沼泽地产物,目前泥炭土已广泛应用于花卉、药材等经济作物的栽培。但由于我国南方地区泥炭土透水性差,直接用于甘蔗实生苗培育会造成苗期烂根、死亡,因此必须针对此缺点,配制适用于甘蔗实生苗育苗的新型基质。The cultivation of sugarcane seedlings is the basic work in the early stage of sugarcane hybrid breeding, in which the quality of seedling seedlings determines the seed emergence rate, survival rate, and disease susceptibility rate, and has a decisive impact on the number and vigor of seedlings in the later stage. The key to success or failure of seedling cultivation. The traditional sugarcane seedling raising substrate is mixed with fine soil, manure and bagasse as the substrate for raising seedlings, but it is often difficult to grasp the degree of decomposing of manure and bagasse, the sterilization is incomplete, and the nutrient content is difficult to control, resulting in low seed emergence rate and poor seedling. Due to the conditions of burning seedlings and susceptible diseases, the number and quality of the seedlings cultivated cannot meet the requirements of breeders, which seriously affects the efficiency of sugarcane hybrid breeding. Peat soil is a sterile, non-toxic, non-polluting, natural swamp product with good water retention and ventilation performance, fertilizer retention, organic matter and humic acid content. At present, peat soil has been widely used in commercial crops such as flowers and medicinal materials. cultivation. However, due to the poor water permeability of peat soil in southern my country, direct use in the cultivation of sugarcane seedlings will cause root rot and death at the seedling stage.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明要解决的技术问题是克服现有技术的缺陷,提供一种甘蔗实生苗育苗的泥炭土基质及其苗床准备的方法。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art, and to provide a peat soil substrate for raising sugarcane seedlings and a method for preparing the seedbed.
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了如下的技术方案:In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
本发明一种甘蔗实生苗育苗的泥炭土基质及其苗床准备的方法,包括泥炭土基质的配方为纤维素10-30g、半纤维素12-26g、木质素16-20g、腐殖酸80-115g、粘土100-120g、石英10-25g和其他矿物杂质8-10g、多菌灵粉剂100-150g、福尔马林10-26g,所述配制泥炭土基质的方法如下:The present invention is a peat soil matrix for raising sugarcane seedlings and a method for preparing a seedbed, comprising: the formula of the peat soil matrix is 10-30g of cellulose, 12-26g of hemicellulose, 16-20g of lignin, and 80-80g of humic acid. 115g, clay 100-120g, quartz 10-25g and other mineral impurities 8-10g, carbendazim powder 100-150g, formalin 10-26g, the method for preparing peat soil matrix is as follows:
a.预处理:将纤维素10-30g、半纤维素12-26g、木质素16-20g、腐殖酸 80-115g、粘土100-120g、石英10-25g和其他矿物杂质8-10g依次加入,进行充分搅拌混合,搅拌时间10-15min,转速50r/min,得到泥炭土基质;a. Pretreatment: Add 10-30g of cellulose, 12-26g of hemicellulose, 16-20g of lignin, 80-115g of humic acid, 100-120g of clay, 10-25g of quartz and 8-10g of other mineral impurities in sequence , fully stirring and mixing, stirring time 10-15min, rotating speed 50r/min, to obtain peat soil matrix;
b.消毒:将泥炭土基质置于高压灭菌锅中110℃灭菌30min,b. Sterilization: Place the peat soil substrate in an autoclave at 110°C for 30 minutes,
c.进行育苗基质混配:在每1m 3的泥炭土基质中加入30%多菌灵粉剂100-150g,充分混拌均匀后,覆盖塑料薄膜,堆闷2-3d后撤膜,也可以用40%福尔马林100倍液喷洒,边喷边翻动,翻匀后覆膜堆闷,1-2d后撤膜即可。 c. Mixing the seedling matrix: Add 100-150g of 30% carbendazim powder to every 1m3 of peat soil matrix, mix well, cover with plastic film, pile up and remove the film for 2-3d, or use Spray 40% formalin 100 times liquid, turn while spraying, after turning evenly, the film stack is stuffy, and the film can be removed after 1-2 days.
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案,所述其他矿物质包括胶磷矿、萤石、赤铁矿和铁、铅、锌、铜的硫化物。As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the other minerals include collophosphate, fluorite, hematite and sulfides of iron, lead, zinc and copper.
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案,所述泥炭土基质的pH值5.0-6.8,有机质含量为468-516g/kg。As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the pH value of the peat soil substrate is 5.0-6.8, and the organic matter content is 468-516 g/kg.
作为本发明采用甘蔗实生苗育苗的泥炭土基质进行苗床准备的方法,方法步骤如下:As the present invention adopts the peat soil matrix of sugarcane seedlings to carry out seedbed preparation, the method steps are as follows:
d.育苗的苗床底部用长75cm、宽10cm的聚乙烯泡沫盘拼接而成,按35-55cm的宽度作畦,畦沟宽20-25cm,沟深10-15cm,畦面要力求平整,有利于过量水分的排出;d. The bottom of the seedbed for raising seedlings is spliced together with polyethylene foam trays with a length of 75cm and a width of 10cm, and the width of the furrow is 35-55cm. The width of the furrow is 20-25cm and the depth of the furrow is 10-15cm. Conducive to the discharge of excess water;
e.在冷床基础上增加人工加温条件,以提高苗床内的地温和气温的保护性育苗设施,采用酿热温床方式进行温床;e. On the basis of the cooling bed, artificial heating conditions are added to improve the ground temperature and temperature in the seedbed as a protective seedling raising facility, and the hotbed method is adopted for the seedbed;
f.用一层报纸铺于苗床底部后,装入泥炭土基质,防止泥炭土基质外漏,又不阻碍水分的排出;f. After spreading a layer of newspaper on the bottom of the seedbed, put it into the peat soil matrix to prevent the leakage of the peat soil matrix without hindering the discharge of water;
g..播种前1天下午用水将苗床浇透,使泥炭土基质充分吸水,育苗泥炭土基质持水量达到饱和。g. Pour the seedbed with water in the afternoon one day before sowing, so that the peat soil matrix can fully absorb water, and the water holding capacity of the peat soil matrix for seedlings is saturated.
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案,所述酿热温床是利用牲畜粪、秸秆、杂草等酿热物发热、生热,结合利用太阳能来提高床温的苗床,采用低温型酿热物包括牛粪、落叶、树皮以及作物秸秆。As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the brewing hotbed is a seedbed that utilizes brewing materials such as livestock manure, straw, weeds and other brewing materials to generate heat and heat, and uses solar energy to improve the bed temperature. The low-temperature brewing materials include: Cow dung, fallen leaves, bark and crop residues.
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果如下:Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:
1:本发明由于育苗基质中泥炭土总含量高达65%,基质疏松,其有机质、含量较高,使得播种于该基质上的甘蔗种子出苗率高、根系发达,苗期无倒伏、感病等造成的植株死亡,为育种户提供了数量多、质量高的甘蔗实生苗群体。1: In the present invention, the total content of peat soil in the seedling substrate is up to 65%, the substrate is loose, and its organic matter and content are relatively high, so that the sugarcane seeds sown on the substrate have a high emergence rate, developed root systems, and no lodging, disease-susceptibility, etc. in the seedling stage. The resulting plant death provides breeders with a large and high-quality sugarcane seedling population.
2:与传统的以厩肥为主体的育苗基质相比,本发明的育苗基质不仅实生苗数量和质量显著提高,并且减少了厩肥、蔗渣腐熟等劳动力的投入和水电消耗,较好的解决了传统育苗基质中厩肥难购买、成本高,厩肥和蔗渣腐熟程度难掌握及灭菌不彻底的问题。2: compared with the traditional nursery matrix with manure as the main body, the nursery base of the present invention not only significantly improves the quantity and quality of seedlings, but also reduces the input of manure and water and electricity consumption such as manure, bagasse decomposing, and better solves the traditional The manure in the seedling matrix is difficult to buy, the cost is high, the degree of decay of the manure and bagasse is difficult to grasp and the sterilization is incomplete.
3:本发明为了预防和减少苗期病虫害,配制好的泥炭土在使用前,在每1m 3的泥炭土中加入50%多菌灵粉剂或40%福尔马林100倍液喷洒,进行消毒,防止泥炭土基质有病虫害,造成病苗、残苗,甚至死苗、缺苗,影响育苗的的质量。 3: In order to prevent and reduce plant diseases and insect pests in the seedling stage, the prepared peat soil is sprayed with 50% carbendazim powder or 40% formalin 100 times liquid in every 1 m 3 of peat soil before use to disinfect. , to prevent diseases and insect pests in the peat soil matrix, resulting in diseased seedlings, residual seedlings, and even dead and missing seedlings, affecting the quality of seedlings.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下本发明的优选实施例进行说明,应当理解,此处所描述的优选实施例仅用于说明和解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present invention, but not to limit the present invention.
实施例1Example 1
本发明提供一种甘蔗实生苗育苗的泥炭土基质及其苗床准备的方法,包括泥炭土基质的配方为纤维素10-30g、半纤维素12-26g、木质素16-20g、腐殖酸80-115g、粘土100-120g、石英10-25g和其他矿物杂质8-10g、福尔马林10-26g,所述配制泥炭土基质的方法如下:The invention provides a peat soil substrate for sugarcane seedling raising and a method for preparing a seedbed, including the formula of the peat soil substrate: 10-30 g of cellulose, 12-26 g of hemicellulose, 16-20 g of lignin, and 80 g of humic acid. -115g, clay 100-120g, quartz 10-25g and other mineral impurities 8-10g, formalin 10-26g, the method for preparing peat soil matrix is as follows:
a.预处理:将纤维素10-30g、半纤维素12-26g、木质素16-20g、腐殖酸80-115g、粘土100-120g、石英10-25g和其他矿物杂质8-10g依次加入,进行充分搅拌混合,搅拌时间10-15min,转速50r/min,得到泥炭土基质;a. Pretreatment: Add 10-30g of cellulose, 12-26g of hemicellulose, 16-20g of lignin, 80-115g of humic acid, 100-120g of clay, 10-25g of quartz and 8-10g of other mineral impurities in sequence , fully stirring and mixing, stirring time 10-15min, rotating speed 50r/min, to obtain peat soil matrix;
b.消毒:将泥炭土基质置于高压灭菌锅中110℃灭菌30min,b. Sterilization: Place the peat soil substrate in an autoclave at 110°C for 30 minutes,
c.进行育苗基质混配:在每1m 3的泥炭土基质中加入30%多菌灵粉剂 100-150g,充分混拌均匀后,覆盖塑料薄膜,堆闷2-3d后撤膜。 c. Mixing the seedling matrix: add 100-150g of 30% carbendazim powder to every 1 m 3 of peat soil matrix, mix well, cover with plastic film, and remove the film after stacking for 2-3 days.
采用甘蔗实生苗育苗的泥炭土基质进行苗床准备的方法,其特征在于,方法步骤如下:Adopt the peat soil matrix of sugarcane seedlings to carry out the method for seedbed preparation, it is characterized in that, the method steps are as follows:
d.育苗的苗床底部用长75cm、宽10cm的聚乙烯泡沫盘拼接而成,按35-55cm的宽度作畦,畦沟宽20-25cm,沟深10-15cm,畦面要力求平整,有利于过量水分的排出;d. The bottom of the seedbed for raising seedlings is spliced together with polyethylene foam trays with a length of 75cm and a width of 10cm, and the width of the furrow is 35-55cm. The width of the furrow is 20-25cm and the depth of the furrow is 10-15cm. Conducive to the discharge of excess water;
e.在冷床基础上增加人工加温条件,以提高苗床内的地温和气温的保护性育苗设施,采用酿热温床方式进行温床;e. On the basis of the cooling bed, artificial heating conditions are added to improve the ground temperature and temperature in the seedbed as a protective seedling raising facility, and the hotbed method is adopted for the seedbed;
f.用一层报纸铺于苗床底部后,装入泥炭土基质,防止泥炭土基质外漏,又不阻碍水分的排出;f. After spreading a layer of newspaper on the bottom of the seedbed, put it into the peat soil matrix to prevent the leakage of the peat soil matrix without hindering the discharge of water;
g..播种前1天下午用水将苗床浇透,使泥炭土基质充分吸水,育苗泥炭土基质持水量达到饱和。g. Pour the seedbed with water in the afternoon one day before sowing, so that the peat soil matrix can fully absorb water, and the water holding capacity of the peat soil matrix for seedlings is saturated.
实施例2Example 2
本发明提供一种甘蔗实生苗育苗的泥炭土基质及其苗床准备的方法,包括泥炭土基质的配方为纤维素10-30g、半纤维素12-26g、木质素16-20g、腐殖酸80-115g、粘土100-120g、石英10-25g和其他矿物杂质8-10g、福尔马林10-26g,所述配制泥炭土基质的方法如下:The invention provides a peat soil substrate for sugarcane seedling raising and a method for preparing a seedbed, including the formula of the peat soil substrate: 10-30 g of cellulose, 12-26 g of hemicellulose, 16-20 g of lignin, and 80 g of humic acid. -115g, clay 100-120g, quartz 10-25g and other mineral impurities 8-10g, formalin 10-26g, the method for preparing peat soil matrix is as follows:
a.预处理:将纤维素10-30g、半纤维素12-26g、木质素16-20g、腐殖酸80-115g、粘土100-120g、石英10-25g和其他矿物杂质8-10g依次加入,进行充分搅拌混合,搅拌时间15min,转速50r/min,得到泥炭土基质;a. Pretreatment: Add 10-30g of cellulose, 12-26g of hemicellulose, 16-20g of lignin, 80-115g of humic acid, 100-120g of clay, 10-25g of quartz and 8-10g of other mineral impurities in sequence , fully stirring and mixing, stirring time 15min, rotating speed 50r/min, to obtain peat soil matrix;
b.消毒:将泥炭土基质置于高压灭菌锅中110℃灭菌30min,b. Sterilization: Place the peat soil substrate in an autoclave at 110°C for 30 minutes,
c.进行育苗基质混配:在每1m 3的泥炭土基质中用40%福尔马林100倍液喷洒,边喷边翻动,翻匀后覆膜堆闷,1-2d后撤膜即可。 c. Mixing the seedling matrix: spray with 100 times of 40% formalin in every 1 m 3 of peat soil matrix, and turn it while spraying. .
采用甘蔗实生苗育苗的泥炭土基质进行苗床准备的方法,其特征在于,方法步骤如下:Adopt the peat soil matrix of sugarcane seedlings to carry out the method for seedbed preparation, it is characterized in that, the method steps are as follows:
d.育苗的苗床底部用长75cm、宽10cm的聚乙烯泡沫盘拼接而成,按35-55cm的宽度作畦,畦沟宽20-25cm,沟深10-15cm,畦面要力求平整,有利于过量水分的排出;d. The bottom of the seedbed for raising seedlings is spliced together with polyethylene foam trays with a length of 75cm and a width of 10cm, and the width of the furrow is 35-55cm. The width of the furrow is 20-25cm and the depth of the furrow is 10-15cm. Conducive to the discharge of excess water;
e.在冷床基础上增加人工加温条件,以提高苗床内的地温和气温的保护性育苗设施,采用酿热温床方式进行温床;e. On the basis of the cooling bed, artificial heating conditions are added to improve the ground temperature and temperature in the seedbed as a protective seedling raising facility, and the hotbed method is adopted for the seedbed;
f.用一层报纸铺于苗床底部后,装入泥炭土基质,防止泥炭土基质外漏,又不阻碍水分的排出;f. After spreading a layer of newspaper on the bottom of the seedbed, put it into the peat soil matrix to prevent the leakage of the peat soil matrix without hindering the discharge of water;
g..播种前1天下午用水将苗床浇透,使泥炭土基质充分吸水,育苗泥炭土基质持水量达到饱和。g. Pour the seedbed with water in the afternoon one day before sowing, so that the peat soil matrix can fully absorb water, and the water holding capacity of the peat soil matrix for seedlings is saturated.
本发明由于育苗基质中泥炭土总含量高达65%,基质疏松,其有机质、含量较高,使得播种于该基质上的甘蔗种子出苗率高、根系发达,苗期无倒伏、感病等造成的植株死亡,为育种户提供了数量多、质量高的甘蔗实生苗群体,为了预防和减少苗期病虫害,配制好的泥炭土在使用前,在每1m 3的泥炭土中加入50%多菌灵粉剂或40%福尔马林100倍液喷洒,进行消毒,防止泥炭土基质有病虫害,造成病苗、残苗,甚至死苗、缺苗,影响育苗的的质量。 Because the total content of peat soil in the seedling-raising substrate is as high as 65%, the substrate is loose, and its organic matter and content are high, so that the sugarcane seeds sown on the substrate have a high emergence rate, developed root systems, and no lodging, disease-susceptibility, etc. at the seedling stage. Plants die, providing breeders with a large number of high-quality sugarcane seedling groups. In order to prevent and reduce plant diseases and insect pests, before using the prepared peat soil, add 50% carbendazim to every 1m3 of peat soil. Spray powder or 40% formalin 100 times liquid for disinfection to prevent pests and diseases in the peat soil matrix, resulting in diseased seedlings, residual seedlings, and even dead or missing seedlings, affecting the quality of seedlings.
最后应说明的是:以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。Finally, it should be noted that the above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, for those skilled in the art, it is still The technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may be modified, or some technical features thereof may be equivalently replaced. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

  1. 一种甘蔗实生苗育苗的泥炭土基质,其特征在于,所述泥炭土基质的配方为纤维素10-30g、半纤维素12-26g、木质素16-20g、腐殖酸80-115g、粘土100-120g、石英10-25g和其他矿物杂质8-10g、多菌灵粉剂100-150g、福尔马林10-26g,所述配制泥炭土基质的方法如下:A peat soil matrix for sugarcane seedling raising, characterized in that the formula of the peat soil matrix is 10-30g of cellulose, 12-26g of hemicellulose, 16-20g of lignin, 80-115g of humic acid, clay 100-120g, 10-25g of quartz and 8-10g of other mineral impurities, 100-150g of carbendazim powder, 10-26g of formalin, the method for preparing the peat soil matrix is as follows:
    a.预处理:将纤维素10-30g、半纤维素12-26g、木质素16-20g、腐殖酸80-115g、粘土100-120g、石英10-25g和其他矿物杂质8-10g依次加入,进行充分搅拌混合,搅拌时间10-15min,转速50r/min,得到泥炭土基质;a. Pretreatment: Add 10-30g of cellulose, 12-26g of hemicellulose, 16-20g of lignin, 80-115g of humic acid, 100-120g of clay, 10-25g of quartz and 8-10g of other mineral impurities in sequence , fully stirring and mixing, stirring time 10-15min, rotating speed 50r/min, to obtain peat soil matrix;
    b.消毒:将泥炭土基质置于高压灭菌锅中110℃灭菌30min,b. Sterilization: Place the peat soil substrate in an autoclave at 110°C for 30 minutes,
    c.进行育苗基质混配:在每1m 3的泥炭土基质中加入30%多菌灵粉剂100-150g,充分混拌均匀后,覆盖塑料薄膜,堆闷2-3d后撤膜,也可以用40%福尔马林100倍液喷洒,边喷边翻动,翻匀后覆膜堆闷,1-2d后撤膜即可。 c. Mixing the seedling matrix: Add 100-150g of 30% carbendazim powder to every 1m3 of peat soil matrix, mix well, cover with plastic film, pile up and remove the film for 2-3d, or use Spray 40% formalin 100 times liquid, turn while spraying, after turning evenly, the film stack is stuffy, and the film can be removed after 1-2 days.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种甘蔗实生苗育苗的泥炭土基质,其特征在于,所述其他矿物质包括胶磷矿、萤石、赤铁矿和铁、铅、锌、铜的硫化物。A kind of peat soil matrix for raising sugarcane seedlings according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described other minerals comprise collophosphate, fluorite, hematite and sulfide of iron, lead, zinc, copper.
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的种甘蔗实生苗育苗的泥炭土基质法,其特征在于,所述泥炭土基质的pH值5.0-6.8,有机质含量为468-516g/kg。The peat soil matrix method for growing sugarcane seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the peat soil matrix has a pH value of 5.0-6.8 and an organic matter content of 468-516 g/kg.
  4. 采用如权利要求1-3所述甘蔗实生苗育苗的泥炭土基质进行苗床准备的方法,其特征在于,方法步骤如下:Adopt the peat soil matrix of sugarcane seedling raising as claimed in claim 1-3 to carry out the method for seedbed preparation, it is characterised in that the method steps are as follows:
    d.育苗的苗床底部用长75cm、宽10cm的聚乙烯泡沫盘拼接而成,按35-55cm的宽度作畦,畦沟宽20-25cm,沟深10-15cm,畦面要力求平整,有利于过量水分的排出;d. The bottom of the seedbed for raising seedlings is spliced together with polyethylene foam trays with a length of 75cm and a width of 10cm, and the width of the furrow is 35-55cm. The width of the furrow is 20-25cm and the depth of the furrow is 10-15cm. Conducive to the discharge of excess water;
    e.在冷床基础上增加人工加温条件,以提高苗床内的地温和气温的保护性育苗设施,采用酿热温床方式进行温床;e. On the basis of the cooling bed, artificial heating conditions are added to improve the ground temperature and temperature in the seedbed as a protective seedling raising facility, and the hotbed method is adopted for the seedbed;
    f.用一层报纸铺于苗床底部后,装入泥炭土基质,防止泥炭土基质外漏,又不阻碍水分的排出;f. After spreading a layer of newspaper on the bottom of the seedbed, put it into the peat soil matrix to prevent the leakage of the peat soil matrix without hindering the discharge of water;
    g..播种前1天下午用水将苗床浇透,使泥炭土基质充分吸水,育苗泥炭 土基质持水量达到饱和。g. The seedbed is irrigated with water in the afternoon one day before sowing, so that the peat soil substrate can fully absorb water, and the water holding capacity of the seedling peat soil substrate reaches saturation.
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种甘蔗实生苗育苗的泥炭土基质及其苗床准备的方法,其特征在于,所述酿热温床是利用牲畜粪、秸秆、杂草等酿热物发热、生热,结合利用太阳能来提高床温的苗床,采用低温型酿热物包括牛粪、落叶、树皮以及作物秸秆。A kind of peat soil matrix of sugarcane seedling raising according to claim 1 and the method for preparing the seedbed thereof, it is characterized in that, described brewing hotbed is to utilize livestock manure, straw, weeds and other brewing materials to generate heat and generate heat. , Combined with the use of solar energy to increase the bed temperature of the seedbed, the use of low-temperature brewing materials includes cow dung, fallen leaves, bark and crop straw.
PCT/CN2021/141247 2020-12-25 2021-12-24 Peat soil matrix for cultivating sugarcane seedlings and preparation method for seedbed thereof WO2022135573A1 (en)

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