WO2022124295A1 - 酪酸菌用プレバイオティクス組成物 - Google Patents
酪酸菌用プレバイオティクス組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022124295A1 WO2022124295A1 PCT/JP2021/044875 JP2021044875W WO2022124295A1 WO 2022124295 A1 WO2022124295 A1 WO 2022124295A1 JP 2021044875 W JP2021044875 W JP 2021044875W WO 2022124295 A1 WO2022124295 A1 WO 2022124295A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- acid
- oligosaccharide
- gluuronic
- salt
- butyrate
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a prebiotic composition for butyrate-producing bacteria.
- Probiotics which is known as a term related to improving the intestinal environment, generally refers to living microorganisms that bring about beneficial effects on humans by improving the balance of the intestinal flora, and is generally known by bifidobacteria and the like. Has been done.
- prebiotics as a materialization of such probiotics. Prebiotics are not degraded or absorbed in the upper gastrointestinal tract and serve as a selective nutrient source for beneficial bacteria that coexist in the large intestine, promoting their growth and improving the intestinal flora composition of the large intestine to a healthy balance. Generally means anything that helps maintain and promote and maintain human health.
- Butyrate-producing bacteria are one of the beneficial bacteria that coexist in the large intestine.
- Fatty acid is one of the short-chain fatty acids present in the intestine and is not only a major nutrient that provides energy to colon cells, but also host gene expression, cell differentiation, intestinal tissue development, immunomodulation, and reduced oxidative stress. It is a cell mediator that regulates various functions not only in the intestine but also in diarrhea control (Non-Patent Document 1). Although it is useful to take fatty acid into the body for health, it is not realistic to take it in the form of foods, medicines, etc. because fatty acid gives off a very strong unpleasant odor.
- Non-Patent Document 2 the main butyrate-producing bacteria that inhabit the intestine are extremely difficult to culture in vitro due to their extremely high oxygen sensitivity, and it is also difficult to formulate and ingest the butyrate-producing bacteria.
- alginic acid and / or a salt thereof can grow butyrate-producing bacteria such as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in the intestine and can be an active ingredient of prebiotics. It has been disclosed.
- the present inventors have studied alginic acid and / or a salt thereof as a prebiotic material for butyrate-producing bacteria. It was found that the plasnitch cannot assimilate alginic acid and / or a salt thereof having a degree of polymerization above a certain level and does not grow. In view of such a situation, it is an object of the present invention to provide prebiotics for more efficiently growing butyrate-producing bacteria such as Ficalibacterium plus niche.
- alginic acid decomposition products obtained by allowing alginic acid lyase to act on alginic acid and / or its salts or their hydrolysates.
- alginic acid lyase to act on alginic acid and / or its salts or their hydrolysates.
- butyrate-producing bacteria containing plus niches can be remarkably grown, and have completed the present invention.
- the first aspect of the present invention is a prebiotic composition for butyrate-producing bacteria containing an oligosaccharide composed of ⁇ -D-mannuronic acid and / or ⁇ -L-gluuronic acid or a salt thereof.
- the oligosaccharide is a composition having an unsaturated form of ⁇ -D-mannuronic acid residue or ⁇ -L-gluuronic acid residue at the non-reducing end.
- the unsaturated compound preferably has a double bond between the carbons at the 4-position and the 5-position.
- the oligosaccharide preferably contains an oligosaccharide having a degree of polymerization of 2 to 10.
- the butyrate-producing bacterium is preferably a bacterium belonging to the genus Ficalibacterium, and more preferably a Ficalibacterium plus niche.
- the composition contains an oligosaccharide composed of ⁇ -D-mannuronic acid and / or ⁇ -L-gluuronic acid or a salt thereof, and the oligosaccharide is non-reduced.
- compositions are also provided that are administered or inoculated to a subject with a disease or condition resulting from a decrease in fatty acid.
- the composition of this embodiment is preferably used for intestinal regulation, immunomodulation, reduction of oxidative stress, prevention or amelioration of diarrhea, prevention or amelioration of inflammatory bowel disease, or prevention of colorectal cancer.
- the composition of this embodiment is preferably a food or drink.
- the composition of this embodiment is preferably a pharmaceutical product.
- a second aspect of the present invention is to produce a prebiotic composition for butyrate-producing bacteria, which comprises a step of allowing alginic acid lyase to act on alginic acid and / or a salt thereof or a hydrolyzate thereof to obtain an alginic acid decomposition product. How to do it.
- the method of this embodiment preferably comprises a step of hydrolyzing alginic acid and / or a salt thereof to obtain an alginic acid hydrolyzate, and a step of allowing an alginic acid lyase to act on the alginic acid hydrolyzate to obtain an alginic acid hydrolyzate. ..
- the method of this embodiment preferably further comprises a step of recovering an oligosaccharide having a degree of polymerization of 2 to 3 and / or a salt thereof.
- the alginate lyase is preferably an endo-type alginate lyase and / or an exo-type alginate lyase.
- the butyrate-producing bacterium is preferably a bacterium belonging to the genus Ficalibacterium, and more preferably a Ficalibacterium plus niche.
- a prebiotic capable of more efficiently growing a ficalibacterium plus niche.
- the fatty acid produced by Phycalibacterium pranich functions as a cell mediator to maintain and improve health, and thus the present invention is very useful industrially.
- a graph (n 3) showing the turbidity of the culture solution 24 hours after culturing when the omega bacterium plus niche was independently cultured in the medium to which each sample was added.
- a graph (n 3) showing the turbidity of the medium 24 hours after culturing when the omega bacterium plus niche was independently cultured in the culture broth to which each sample was added.
- a photograph of a TLC plate on which a culture solution before and after 24 hours of culture was developed.
- a graph (n 3) showing the turbidity of the culture solution 24 hours after the culture when the Omega 3 plus niche was independently cultured in the culture solution to which each sample was added.
- Test Example 3 a photograph of a TLC plate on which a culture solution before and after 24 hours of culture was developed.
- Test Example 4 a photograph of a TLC plate on which a sample after hydrolysis treatment and / or lyase decomposition treatment of sodium alginate was developed.
- Test Example 6 a photograph of a TLC plate in which a sample after hydrolysis treatment of sodium alginate and then lyase decomposition treatment was developed.
- Test Example 7 the graph which shows the amount of oligosaccharide contained in the sample before and after permeation of the lyase-treated product of potassium alginate by the degree of polymerization. Each peak area in the HPLC chart of the sample was defined as the amount of oligosaccharide having a corresponding degree of polymerization.
- Test Example 7 a photograph of a TLC plate in which a sample before and after permeation of an NF membrane permeation of a lyase-treated product of potassium alginate was developed.
- Test Example 9 the turbidity of the culture solution after 24 hours of culture when the Ficaribacterium pranich was independently cultured in the culture solution to which the permeate obtained by treating the lyase-treated product of potassium alginate with an NF membrane was added is shown.
- Graph (n 3).
- the present invention will be described in detail.
- the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments, and can be freely changed within the scope of the present invention.
- the numerical range indicated by “-” means a numerical range in which the numerical values before and after "-" are the lower limit value and the upper limit value unless otherwise specified.
- the composition of the present invention contains an oligosaccharide composed of ⁇ -D-mannuronic acid and / or ⁇ -L-gluuronic acid or a salt thereof.
- oligosaccharides are usually linear in which the pyranose ring is glycosidically bonded in ⁇ 1 ⁇ 4, but are not particularly limited.
- the constituent sugars of the oligosaccharides may be all ⁇ -D-mannuronic acid, all may be ⁇ -L-gluuronic acid, and ⁇ -D-mannuronic acid and ⁇ -L-gluuronic acid may be used. It may be in any order and composition ratio.
- the composition of the present invention may contain oligosaccharides other than the oligosaccharides according to the present invention or salts thereof.
- the oligosaccharide according to the present invention has an unsaturated form of ⁇ -D-mannuronic acid residue or ⁇ -L-gluuronic acid residue at the non-reducing end.
- Such unsaturated substances usually have a double bond between the carbons at the 4- and 5-positions of the non-reducing terminal sugar.
- it is composed of a hydrolyzate of alginic acid that has not been treated with lyase, that is, ⁇ -D-mannuronic acid having no unsaturated end and / or ⁇ -L-gluuronic acid.
- the oligosaccharide according to the present invention is more easily assimilated by the butyrate-producing bacteria as compared with the oligosaccharides produced, the oligosaccharide having an unsaturated substance at the non-reducing end improves the assimilation property of the butyrate-producing bacteria. It is presumed.
- the degree of polymerization of the oligosaccharide according to the present invention is preferably 2 to 10, more preferably 2 to 6, still more preferably 2 to 5, and particularly preferably 2 to 3.
- the oligosaccharide in the composition of the present invention preferably contains oligosaccharides having a degree of polymerization of 2 to 10, but it is not prevented that oligosaccharides having a degree of polymerization of 11 or more are also contained. As shown in Examples described later, oligosaccharides having a low degree of polymerization, particularly oligosaccharides having a degree of polymerization of 2 to 3, are likely to be assimilated by butyrate-producing bacteria.
- the oligosaccharide having a degree of polymerization of 2 to 3 and / or the salt thereof is contained in an amount of 30% by mass or more, and 50% by mass or more, based on the oligosaccharide or the salt thereof contained in the composition of the present invention. It is more preferable that the content is 90% by mass or more.
- oligosaccharide salt examples include sodium salt, potassium salt, calcium salt, ammonium salt and the like. Although not particularly limited in the present invention, sodium salts and potassium salts are preferable from the viewpoint of water solubility.
- oligosaccharide As the oligosaccharide according to the present invention, commercially available oligosaccharides can be used. For example, it is sold as "alginate oligosaccharide (AOS)" by Hokkaido Mitsui Chemicals, Inc., Shandong, Runxin, and the like.
- AOS alginate oligosaccharide
- the oligosaccharide according to the present invention can also be obtained by enzymatically decomposing alginic acid and / or a salt thereof or a hydrolyzate thereof with a lyase. That is, the present specification discloses a method for producing a prebiotic composition for butyrate-producing bacteria, which comprises a step of allowing alginic acid lyase to act on alginic acid and / or a salt thereof or a hydrolyzate thereof to obtain an alginic acid decomposition product. ..
- Alginic acid is a polysaccharide contained in seaweeds such as kelp and wakame seaweed, and is widely used as a thickening stabilizer including application to foods.
- Alginic acid has a linear structure in which ⁇ -D-mannuronic acid and ⁇ -L-gluuronic acid are bonded by ⁇ 1 ⁇ 4.
- the degree of polymerization of alginic acid varies depending on the origin, but usually has a molecular weight of about 40,000 to several million.
- the salt of alginic acid include sodium salt, potassium salt, calcium salt, ammonium salt and the like. Although not particularly limited in the present invention, sodium salts and potassium salts are preferable from the viewpoint of water solubility.
- the alginic acid and / or a salt thereof used in the production method of the present invention can be obtained by extracting from seaweed or the like, and commercially available products such as "IS (molecular weight of about 3 to 4 million)” and “ Obtained I-5 (molecular weight about 2.8 million), “ULV-L3 (molecular weight 40,000-60,000)", “IL-6 (molecular weight about 40,000-60,000)” (all manufactured by Kimika Co., Ltd.). Can be used.
- oligosaccharides having a low degree of polymerization are more likely to be assimilated by butyrate-producing bacteria. Therefore, when the oligosaccharides according to the present invention are produced from arginic acid and / or a salt thereof, the oligosaccharides having a low degree of polymerization are used. In order to obtain it, it is preferable to carry out a hydrolysis treatment before the decomposition treatment with lyase on alginic acid and / or a salt thereof.
- the oligosaccharide according to the present invention is produced by a step of allowing an alginic acid lyase to act on a hydrolyzate of alginic acid and / or a salt thereof to obtain an alginic acid decomposition product. Further, as a preferred embodiment, a step of hydrolyzing alginic acid and / or a salt thereof to obtain an alginic acid hydrolyzate, and a step of allowing alginic acid lyase to act on the alginic acid hydrolyzate to obtain an alginic acid hydrolyzate are performed. To produce the oligosaccharide according to the present invention.
- An embodiment comprising a step of allowing alginic acid lyase to act on a hydrolyzate of alginic acid and / or a salt thereof to obtain an alginic acid decomposition product, or a step of hydrolyzing alginic acid and / or a salt thereof to obtain an alginic acid hydrolyzate.
- the hydrolysis treatment is carried out after the decomposition treatment with lyase
- This is the proportion of the oligosaccharides according to the present invention, that is, oligosaccharides having an unsaturated compound of ⁇ -D-mannuronic acid residue or ⁇ -L-gluuronic acid residue at the non-reducing end, out of all the obtained oligosaccharides. From the viewpoint of enhancing. As shown in Examples described later, oligosaccharides obtained by first hydrolyzing sodium alginate and then decomposing with lyase are easily assimilated by the Phycalibacterium pranich and their growth. Can be promoted.
- the hydrolyzate of alginic acid and / or a salt thereof to be subjected to the alginic acid lyase treatment may be an oligosaccharide having a degree of polymerization of preferably 20 or less, more preferably 10 or less, still more preferably 8 or less, and particularly preferably 5 or less. ..
- the weight average molecular weight as measured by the HPLC method performed under the following conditions may be preferably 10,000 or less, more preferably 8,000 or less, still more preferably 7,000 or less, and particularly preferably 5,000 or less.
- Measuring equipment Ultimate3000 (manufactured by Thermo) Detection: Refracto Max 521 detector (manufactured by Thermo), Column: TSKgel G3000PW (manufactured by Tosoh) Mobile phase: 0.1 M aqueous solution of sodium nitrate Flow rate: 0.3 mL / min Column temperature: 40 ° C Standard: STANDARD P-82 (manufactured by Shodex) It should be noted that the molecular weight measured by HPLC performed under the above conditions is an "apparent" value that may deviate from the "true" molecular weight calculated from the actual degree of polymerization. Alginic acid oligosaccharides having a degree of polymerization of 4 to 5 usually have a molecular weight of about 3500 when measured under the above conditions.
- an acid hydrolysis method is preferably mentioned, but is not particularly limited. Specifically, acid hydrolysis is carried out by setting the pH of an aqueous solution of alginic acid and / or a salt thereof to about 3 to 5 and heating to a high temperature of, for example, 100 ° C. or higher for several hours, and acetic acid is used to adjust the pH. It is performed by adding a weak acid such as, but is not limited to this.
- a 0.3 v / v% acetic acid aqueous solution containing 3% by mass of commercially available sodium alginate having a molecular weight of 40,000 to 60,000 is acid-hydrolyzed by autoclaving at 104 ° C. for 7.5 hours to obtain a weight average molecular weight.
- About 6000 hydrolysates can be obtained.
- the method for producing an oligosaccharide according to the present invention comprises a step of allowing alginic acid lyase to act on alginic acid and / or a salt thereof or a hydrolyzate thereof to obtain an alginic acid decomposition product.
- Alginate lyase cleaves the ⁇ 1 ⁇ 4 glycosidic bond of alginic acid, and between the carbons at the 4- and 5-positions of the ⁇ -D-mannuronic acid residue or ⁇ -L-gluuronic acid residue at the non-reducing end of the decomposition product. To generate a double bond.
- the alginic acid decomposition product (also referred to as alginic acid lyase-treated product) in the production method of the present invention can be an oligosaccharide according to the composition of the present invention.
- the composition ratio of ⁇ -D-mannuronic acid residue and ⁇ -L-gluuronic acid in the oligosaccharide or alginic acid decomposition product produced by the production method of the present invention depends on the origin of alginic acid as a raw material.
- any of an endo-type alginate lyase, an exo-type alginate lyase, and a mixture thereof may be used.
- examples of such enzymes are commercially available ones, and examples thereof include “alginate lyase S” (manufactured by Nagase ChemteX), "HULK alginate degrading enzyme” (manufactured by Nippon Gene), and one or two of these. Enzymes of more than one species may be selected and used.
- the amount of alginic acid lyase used for alginic acid and / or a salt thereof or a hydrolyzate thereof is not particularly limited and may be appropriately adjusted depending on the substrate concentration, enzyme titer, reaction temperature, reaction time and the like, but generally. , Alginic acid and / or a salt thereof or a hydrolyzate thereof is preferably added at a ratio of 20 to 100 active units per 1 g.
- the pH of the enzyme reaction system may be adjusted to the optimum pH of the enzyme used by using salts that can be used in foods such as potassium carbonate and sodium hydroxide.
- the pH of the reaction solution is preferably adjusted to 5-8, more preferably 6-7.
- the reaction temperature of the alginate lyase is preferably in the range of the optimum temperature of the enzyme to be used, preferably 30 to 50 ° C, more preferably 40 to 45 ° C.
- the reaction time of the alginate lyase may be appropriately adjusted, and may be, for example, 0.5 to 24 hours, preferably 0.5 to 12 hours, and more preferably 0.5 to 6 hours.
- the decomposition reaction by alginate lyase may be terminated by heating the enzyme to inactivate it. For example, it is preferable to inactivate at 100 ° C. or higher (preferably 110 to 130 ° C.) for 1 to 3 seconds, and to inactivate at 60 ° C. or higher and lower than 100 ° C. for 3 to 40 minutes. ..
- the pH of the alginic acid decomposition product solution may be preferably adjusted to about 6 to 8 as needed.
- the alginic acid decomposition product obtained by the alginic acid lyase reaction contains oligosaccharides having a degree of polymerization of 2 to 10 of the total decomposition product, preferably 30% by mass or more, more preferably 50% by mass or more, still more preferably 90% by mass. Contains% by mass or more. It is preferable to proceed the decomposition reaction with alginate lyase so as to be within such a range, and it is preferable to appropriately adjust the reaction conditions for that purpose.
- the alginic acid decomposition product after the enzymatic reaction may be used in an unpurified state, or may be further subjected to known separation and purification as appropriate.
- the obtained alginic acid decomposition product can be subjected to membrane separation, molecular weight fractionation, ethanol precipitation, or the like to obtain an oligosaccharide fraction having an appropriate degree of polymerization or molecular weight.
- a preferred embodiment of the production method of the present invention further comprises a step of recovering an oligosaccharide having a degree of polymerization of 2 to 3 and / or a salt thereof.
- the order in which this recovery step is performed is not particularly limited, but it is usually performed after the decomposition step with alginate lyase.
- the ratio of the oligosaccharide having a degree of polymerization of 2 to 3 and / or a salt thereof to the total oligosaccharide may be higher than that before the recovery step, and the degree of polymerization of the oligosaccharide after the recovery step is 4 or more. The inclusion of oligosaccharides is not prevented.
- an oligosaccharide having a degree of polymerization of 2 to 3 and / or The salt can be recovered.
- the conditions (pressure, flow rate, etc.) of the membrane separation treatment are not particularly limited as long as the desired recovery is possible, and may be appropriately adjusted.
- a method such as HPLC can be adopted, whereby an oligosaccharide having an unnecessary molecular weight and undecomposed alginic acid can be removed.
- a known separation / purification method for example, ion exchange resin or the like may be used in order to desalinate, remove impurities, or increase the purity.
- the amount of the above-mentioned oligosaccharide and / or a salt thereof in the composition of the present invention may be appropriately set depending on the embodiment of the composition and is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.1% by mass or more of the whole composition. It is more preferably 1% by mass or more, still more preferably 10% by mass or more.
- the upper limit of the content is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 100% by mass or less, more preferably 80% by mass or less, still more preferably 50% by mass or less of the whole composition.
- these values are converted into oligosaccharides. Further, these contents may be any of the value at the time of production, the value at the time of distribution, or the value at the time of ingestion (administration) of the composition of the present invention.
- composition of the present invention is used as a prebiotic for butyrate-producing bacteria. That is, it can be assimilated by butyrate-producing bacteria and promote its growth.
- promotion means that the amount or growth rate of butyrate-producing bacteria is increased as compared with the case where the oligosaccharide according to the present invention is not ingested.
- Butyrate-producing bacteria is a general term for bacteria that produce fatty acid.
- the butyrate-producing bacteria in the present invention are not particularly limited, and examples thereof include the genus Faecalibacterium, and more specifically, Faecalibacterium plausnitzii, which is present in the human intestine. Can be mentioned.
- composition of the present invention may be useful for a subject of a disease or condition that can be prevented or ameliorated by increasing the amount of fatty acid in the body, or a disease or condition caused by a decrease in fatty acid in the body.
- a disease or condition that can be prevented or ameliorated by increasing the amount of fatty acid in the body, or a disease or condition caused by a decrease in fatty acid in the body.
- it can be used for intestinal regulation, immunomodulation, reduction of oxidative stress, prevention / improvement of diarrhea, inflammatory bowel disease, prevention of colorectal cancer, and the like.
- Another aspect of the present invention is composed of ⁇ -D-mannuronic acid and / or ⁇ -L-gluuronic acid in the production of a prebiotic composition for butyrate-producing bacteria, and ⁇ -D-mannuronic acid residue at the non-reducing end.
- Another aspect of the present invention is composed of ⁇ -D-mannuronic acid and / or ⁇ -L-gluuronic acid in promoting the growth of butyrate-producing bacteria, and ⁇ -D-mannuronic acid residue or ⁇ -L at the non-reducing end.
- oligosaccharides or salts thereof that have unsaturated forms of gluronic acid residues.
- Another aspect of the present invention is composed of ⁇ -D-mannuronic acid and / or ⁇ -L-gluuronic acid used to promote the growth of butyrate-producing bacteria, and ⁇ -D-mannuronic acid residue at the non-reducing end.
- An oligosaccharide composed of ⁇ -D-mannuronic acid and / or ⁇ -L-gluuronic acid and having an unsaturated form of ⁇ -D-mannuronic acid residue or ⁇ -L-gluuronic acid residue at the non-reducing end or an oligosaccharide thereof.
- a method of promoting the growth of butyrate-producing bacteria which comprises administering a salt to an animal.
- the animal is not particularly limited, but is usually a human.
- the ingestion (administration) timing of the composition of the present invention is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected according to the condition of the administration target.
- the ingestion (administration) amount of the composition of the present invention is appropriately selected depending on the age, gender, condition, other conditions, etc. of the ingestion (administration) target.
- amount of the oligosaccharide according to the present invention it is preferable to use an amount in the range of preferably 1 to 300 mg / kg / day, more preferably 20 to 50 mg / kg / day as a guide.
- the composition can be administered once a day or in multiple divided doses, regardless of the amount and duration of ingestion (administration).
- the route of ingestion (administration) of the composition of the present invention may be oral or parenteral, but is usually oral.
- parenteral ingestion (administration) rectal administration and the like can be mentioned.
- the composition of the present invention may contain butyrate-producing bacteria together with the oligosaccharide according to the present invention.
- the composition of the present invention may be ingested in combination with a butyrate-producing bacterium or a preparation containing a butyrate-producing bacterium.
- the butyrate-producing bacteria are preferably live bacteria.
- composition of the present invention is a composition to be orally ingested, it is preferably in the form of food and drink.
- the form and properties of the food and drink are not particularly limited as long as they do not impair the effects of the present invention and can be orally ingested. It can be produced by a usual method using the raw materials to be used. As described above, a prebiotic food or drink for butyrate-producing bacteria can also be produced by a method usually comprising a step of adding an oligosaccharide and / or a salt thereof obtained by the production method of the present invention to a food or drink raw material.
- Foods and drinks may be in the form of liquid, paste, gel solid, powder, etc., for example, from tablet confectionery; liquid food (nutrient food for tube intake); bread, macaroni, spaghetti, noodles, cake mix, etc.
- Wheat flour products such as fried flour and bread flour; instant noodles, cup noodles, retort / cooked foods, canned foods, microwave foods, instant soups / stews, instant miso soup / suckers, canned soups, freeze / dry foods, and other instant foods.
- Frozen foods such as ingredients, dressings, noodles, spices, and other complex seasonings; frozen foods such as frozen foods, semi-cooked frozen foods, and cooked frozen foods; caramel, candy, chewing gum, chocolate , Cookies, biscuits, cakes, pies, snacks, crackers, Japanese confectionery, rice confectionery, bean confectionery, dessert confectionery, jelly, and other confectionery; carbonated beverages, natural fruit juice, fruit juice beverages, refreshing beverages with fruit juice, fruit meat beverages , Fruit beverages with fruit grains, vegetable beverages, soy milk, soy milk beverages, coffee beverages, tea beverages, powdered beverages, concentrated beverages, sports beverages, nutritional beverages, alcoholic beverages, other favorite beverages such as favorite beverages, baby food, Other commercial foods such as sprinkles and Ochazuke paste; Prepared milk for childcare (including powdered milk, liquid milk, etc.); Enteric nutritional foods; Functional foods (foods for specified health use, nutritional functional foods, functional labeling) Foods), nutritional supplements, etc.
- feed can also be used as feed as an aspect of food and drink.
- the feed include pet food, livestock feed, fish feed and the like.
- the form of the feed is not particularly limited, and in addition to the oligosaccharide or its salt according to the present invention, for example, alginic acid or a salt thereof, oligosaccharides other than the oligosaccharide according to the present invention, corn, wheat, barley, rye, mylo, etc.
- Grains vegetable oil cakes such as soybean oil cake, rapeseed oil cake, palm oil cake, flaxseed oil cake; bran such as bran, wheat bran, rice bran, defatted rice bran; Animal feeds such as defatted milk powder, whey, yellow grease, and corn; yeasts such as tolla yeast and beer yeast; mineral feeds such as tertiary calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate; oils and fats; single amino acids; those containing sugars, etc. May be.
- composition of the present invention is an aspect of a food or drink (including feed), it is provided as a food or drink indicating that it is a prebiotic for butyrate-producing bacteria and that it is used to promote the growth of butyrate-producing bacteria in the intestine. It can be sold.
- Such "display” actions include all actions for informing the consumer of the use, and if the expression is such that the use can be recalled or inferred, the purpose of the display, the content of the display, and the like. Regardless of the object or medium to be displayed, all of them fall under the “display” act of the present invention. Further, it is preferable that the "display” is performed by an expression that allows the consumer to directly recognize the above-mentioned use.
- Examples include the act of describing the above-mentioned use and displaying or distributing it, or describing the above-mentioned use in the information containing these and providing it by an electromagnetic (Internet, etc.) method.
- the display content is a display approved by the government or the like (for example, a display obtained based on various systems established by the government and performed in a manner based on such approval).
- labeling includes health foods, functional foods, enteral nutrition foods, special-purpose foods, health functional foods (specified health foods, nutritional functional foods, functionally labeled foods), nutritional supplements, and pharmaceutical departments. Labeling as a foreign product is also mentioned. Among these, in particular, labeling approved by the Consumer Affairs Agency, for example, a system related to foods for specified health use, nutritionally functional foods, or foods with functional claims, or labeling approved by a system similar to these can be mentioned. Specifically, labeling as a food for specified health use, labeling as a food for specified health use conditionally, labeling to the effect that it affects the structure and function of the body, labeling for reducing the risk of illness, and functionality based on scientific evidence. Indications, etc.
- the composition of the present invention can also be in the form of a pharmaceutical product.
- the route of administration of the drug may be oral or parenteral, but oral is preferable.
- parenteral ingestion administration
- rectal administration administration and the like can be mentioned.
- As the form of the drug it can be appropriately formulated into a desired dosage form depending on the administration method.
- oral administration it can be formulated into a solid preparation such as a powder, a granule, a tablet or a capsule; a liquid preparation such as a solution, a syrup, a suspension or an emulsion.
- parenteral administration it can be formulated into a suppository, an ointment, an injection or the like.
- the formulation in addition to the oligosaccharide or the salt thereof according to the present invention, components such as excipients, pH adjusters, colorants, and flavoring agents usually used for the formulation can be used. It is also possible to use other medicinal ingredients, known or future prebiotics, and the like in combination.
- the formulation can be carried out by a known method as appropriate depending on the dosage form.
- a formulation carrier may be blended and formulated as appropriate.
- excipients include sugar derivatives such as lactose, sucrose, dextrose, mannit, and sorbit; starch derivatives such as corn starch, potato starch, ⁇ -starch, dextrin, and carboxymethyl starch; crystalline cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, and the like.
- Cellulose derivatives such as hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose calcium; gum arabic; dextran; purulan; silicate derivatives such as light anhydrous silicic acid, synthetic aluminum silicate, magnesium aluminometasilicate; phosphate derivatives such as calcium phosphate; carbonic acid Carbonated carbonate derivatives such as calcium; sulfate derivatives such as calcium sulfate can be mentioned.
- binder examples include gelatin; polyvinylpyrrolidone; macrogol, etc., in addition to the above-mentioned excipients.
- disintegrant examples include, in addition to the above-mentioned excipients, chemically modified starch or cellulose derivatives such as croscarmellose sodium, carboxymethyl starch sodium, and crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone.
- lubricant examples include talc; stearic acid; stearic acid metal salts such as calcium stearate and magnesium stearate; colloidal silica; waxes such as bee gum and gay wax; boric acid; glycol; carboxylic acids such as fumaric acid and adipic acid.
- Sodium carboxylates such as sodium benzoate; Sulfates such as sodium sulfate; Leucine; Lauryl sulfates such as sodium lauryl sulfate and magnesium lauryl sulfate; Stearic acids such as anhydrous silicic acid and silicate hydrate; Stearic acid derivatives and the like. Be done.
- the stabilizer examples include paraoxybenzoic acid esters such as methylparaben and propylparaben; alcohols such as chlorobutanol, benzyl alcohol and phenylethyl alcohol; benzalkonium chloride; acetic anhydride; sorbic acid and the like.
- flavoring agent examples include sweeteners, acidulants, and fragrances.
- carrier used in the case of a liquid preparation for oral administration include a solvent such as water.
- the timing of ingesting the pharmaceutical product of the present invention is not particularly limited, for example, before meals, after meals, between meals, and before bedtime.
- Test Example 2 the same raw materials and reagents used in Test Example 1 were used.
- acetic acid Korean Kagaku Co., Ltd.
- alginate oligosaccharide (manufactured by Hokkaido Mitsui Chemicals Co., Ltd.)
- YCFA medium composition powder a commercially available alginate lyase-treated product 1 (“alginate oligosaccharide” (manufactured by Hokkaido Mitsui Chemicals Co., Ltd.)
- Alginate oligosaccharide manufactured by Hokkaido Mitsui Chemicals Co., Ltd.
- a specified amount of YCFA medium composition powder other than sugar was added thereto, and the mixture was subjected to autoclave treatment at 115 ° C. for 15 minutes to obtain an alginic acid hydrolyzate-containing medium.
- Glucose 0.2 g, maltose 0.2 g, and cellobiose 0.2 g are added to the total amount of the above-prepared medium preparation medium, and a specified amount of YCFA medium composition powder other than sugar is added. Then, it was subjected to an autoclave treatment at 115 ° C. for 15 minutes to obtain a positive control medium.
- a specified amount of YCFA medium composition powder other than sugar was added to the total amount of the above-prepared aqueous solution for medium preparation, and the mixture was autoclaved at 115 ° C. for 15 minutes to obtain a negative control medium.
- Ficalibacterium Plasnitch MCC2041 September 20, 2019, Incorporated Administrative Agency Product Evaluation Technology Infrastructure Organization Patent Microorganism Deposit Center (post code 292-0818, Kazusa, Kisarazu City, Chiba Prefecture) Kazusakamatari room 2-5-8 122) was inoculated with the preculture solution that was inoculated internationally under the accession number NITE BP-03027) and anaerobically cultured at 37 ° C. Anaerobic culture was performed at ° C. The turbidity of the culture solution at a wavelength of 600 nm was measured using a lower fluorescence measuring device (SH9000-Lab, manufactured by Hitachi High-Tech Science Corporation).
- FIG. 1 shows the turbidity (OD 600 ) of the culture solution after 24 hours of culture.
- OD 600 turbidity
- the guar gum hydrolyzate-containing medium was obtained by the autoclaving treatment of the above. It is already known that the guar gum hydrolyzate has the ability to grow Ficalibacterium plus niche in the intestine.
- 0.2 g of glucose, 0.2 g of maltose, and 0.2 g of cellobiose (all manufactured by Nakaraitesk Co., Ltd.) were added, and a specified amount of YCFA medium composition powder other than sugar was added to 115.
- a positive control medium was obtained by autoclaving at ° C for 15 minutes.
- a specified amount of YCFA medium composition powder other than sugar was added to 64.7 mL of MilliQ water, and the mixture was autoclaved at 115 ° C. for 15 minutes to obtain a negative control medium.
- FIG. 2 shows the turbidity (OD 600 ) of the culture solution after 24 hours of culture. Ficalibacterium pranich was unable to assimilate sodium alginate or guar gum hydrolyzate and hardly proliferated. On the other hand, in all of the alginate lyase-treated products 1 to 3, remarkable proliferation of the faecalibacterium plus niche was observed.
- FIG. 3 shows the TLC plate after coloration. In the medium containing the alginate lyase-treated product 1 to 3, it was found that the spots corresponding to the oligosaccharides having a degree of polymerization of 2 to 6 became thin or disappeared after the culture. From this, it can be seen that Ficalibacterium pranich assimilated oligosaccharides having a degree of polymerization of 2 to 6 among the alginate lyase-treated products.
- a sodium alginate-containing medium was obtained by adding 1 g of a sodium alginate material to the total amount of the above-prepared aqueous solution for preparing a medium, further adding a specified amount of a YCFA medium composition powder other than sugar, and autoclaving at 115 ° C. for 15 minutes.
- guar gum hydrolyzate (“Sun Fiber” (manufactured by Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd.)) to the total amount of the above-prepared aqueous solution for medium preparation, and further add a specified amount of YCFA medium composition powder other than sugar to 115 ° C.
- a guar gum hydrolyzate-containing medium was obtained by autoclaving for 15 minutes.
- 0.2 g of glucose, 0.2 g of maltose, and 0.2 g of cellobiose are added to the total amount of the above-prepared aqueous solution for medium preparation, and a specified amount of YCFA medium composition powder other than sugar is added, and the autoclave is performed at 115 ° C.
- a positive control medium was obtained during the treatment.
- a specified amount of YCFA medium composition powder other than sugar was added to the total amount of the above-prepared aqueous solution for medium preparation, and the mixture was autoclaved at 115 ° C. for 15 minutes to obtain a negative control medium.
- FIG. 4 shows the turbidity (OD 600 ) of the culture solution after 24 hours of culture. Ficalibacterium pranich was unable to assimilate sodium alginate or guar gum hydrolyzate and hardly proliferated. On the other hand, in the alginate lyase-treated product 4, remarkable proliferation of Ficalibacterium pranich was observed.
- FIG. 5 shows the TLC plate after coloration. In the medium containing the alginate lyase-treated product 4, it was found that the spots corresponding to the oligosaccharides having a degree of polymerization of 2 to 6 became thin or disappeared after the culture. From this, it can be seen that Ficalibacterium pranich assimilated oligosaccharides having a degree of polymerization of 2 to 6 among the alginate lyase-treated products 4.
- Example 4 Examination of the degree of decomposition by hydrolysis treatment with sodium alginate and treatment with alginate lyase (1) Preparation of samples Unless otherwise specified, the same reagents as in Test Example 1 were used. A commercially available sodium alginate material (3 g) was dissolved in 99.7 mL of MilliQ water to prepare a sodium alginate solution. Immediately after adding 0.3 mL of acetic acid to the sodium alginate solution, a 4N NaOH solution was added to adjust the pH to 6.2 ⁇ 0.1 to obtain an acetic acid-containing sodium alginate solution (sample a').
- an acetic acid-containing sodium alginate solution (sample a')
- 1 mL of a 6 mg / mL aqueous solution of alginate lyase S (manufactured by Nagase ChemteX Corporation) was added, and the mixture was enzymatically reacted at 40 ° C. for 3 hours. Then, the enzyme was inactivated by heating at 80 ° C. for 30 minutes to obtain an alginate lyase-treated product solution (sample b').
- Acetic acid was added to the alginate lyase-treated solution (sample b') to adjust the pH to 4.2 ⁇ 0.1, and the mixture was autoclaved at 104 ° C. for 7.5 hours. Then, a 4N NaOH solution was added to adjust the pH to 6.2 ⁇ 0.1 to prepare the final sample of the alginate lyase-treated hydrolyzate solution (sample c). 0.3 mL of acetic acid was added to the prepared sodium alginate solution to adjust the pH to 4.2 ⁇ 0.1, and the solution was subjected to autoclave treatment at 104 ° C. for 7.5 hours to form an alginate hydrolyzate solution (sample d').
- Acetic acid in acetic acid-containing sodium alginate solution (sample a'), alginate lyase-treated solution (sample b'), arginic acid hydrolyzate solution (sample d'), and arginite hydrolyzate lyase-treated solution (sample e'), respectively.
- a 4N NaOH solution was immediately added to adjust the pH to 6.2 ⁇ 0.1 to prepare each final sample (samples a, b, d, e).
- Table 1 shows the treatments performed to obtain each sample.
- Results Figure 6 shows the TLC plate after coloration. It was found that by hydrolyzing sodium alginate before or after enzymatic decomposition, the degree of decomposition is increased and oligosaccharides having a low degree of polymerization can be easily obtained.
- guar gum hydrolyzate (“Sun Fiber” (manufactured by Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd.)) to MilliQ water, add a specified amount of YCFA medium composition powder other than sugar, and autoclave at 115 ° C for 15 minutes. Then, a medium containing 0.6% by mass of guar gum hydrolyzate was obtained. A specified amount of YCFA medium composition powder other than sugar was added to 64.7 mL of MilliQ water, and autoclaving was performed at 115 ° C. for 15 minutes to obtain a negative control medium.
- Results Figure 8 shows the TLC plate after coloration. It was found that by hydrolyzing sodium alginate before enzymatic decomposition, the degree of decomposition was increased and oligosaccharides having a low degree of polymerization could be easily obtained.
- the aqueous solution of the sodium alginate material "I-5" used has a very high viscosity, and is not suitable for culturing Ficalibacterium pranich or treating with alginate lyase as it is, so that it is hydrolyzed. This facilitates the decomposition reaction by alginate lyase. As a result, it can become a prebiotic that can be easily assimilated into the Phycalibacterium plus niche and promote its growth.
- AOSK potassium alginate lyase-treated product
- 12 L of RO water was added to the obtained AOSK to dilute it, and 20 L of the diluted solution was passed through an NF membrane (NTR7450, manufactured by Nitto Denko KK) at a pressure of 10 kgf / cm 3 for fractionation.
- the NF membrane permeate was recovered to obtain an NF membrane permeate solution of AOSK.
- the permeate solution was freeze-dried using a freeze-dryer (RL-B04 type) to obtain 17.02 g of a dry powder (hereinafter, also referred to as "AOSK-NF").
- the mobile phase was measured isocratically for 90 minutes using distilled water in which 0.3 M sodium dihydrogen phosphate was dissolved.
- the flow rate was set to 1.0 mL / min, the column oven temperature was set to 40 ° C., and the detection was performed by absorption at 235 nm.
- alginate lyase-treated product 1 (“alginate oligosaccharide” (manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Hokkaido)) was used as the standard M.
- alginate oligosaccharide manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Hokkaido
- Neutralization culture 100 mL of YCFA medium containing no sugar was prepared, and a pH-controllable culture device Bio Jr. 8 (BJR-25NA1S-8M manufactured by Biot Co., Ltd.) was placed in a vessel, and 1 g of AOSK or AOSK-NF obtained in Test Example 7 was added. Each medium was autoclaved at 115 ° C. for 20 minutes with the vessel. Then, a vitamin solution and a cysteine solution aseptically filtered and sterilized were added to prepare a culture solution having a final concentration of 1% (w / v) of the test sample.
- a pH-controllable culture device Bio Jr. 8 BJR-25NA1S-8M manufactured by Biot Co., Ltd.
- the 1st primer set (SEQ ID NOs: 1 and 2) for amplifying the 3rd to 4th variable regions of the 16S rRNA gene of the bacterium and the 2nd primer required for analysis with the next-generation sequencer Miseq (manufactured by Illumina).
- a set (SEQ ID NOS: 3 and 4, where n is an arbitrary base sequence (index region) for processing a plurality of samples in one analysis) was designed, and primers were synthesized by Life Technologies' oligo primer preparation service.
- a reaction solution containing a template DNA solution and a 1st primer set having a total liquid volume of 25 ⁇ L was prepared using a TaKaRa Ex Taq HS kit (manufactured by Takara Bio Inc.).
- a PCR reaction was carried out by Veriti 200 (manufactured by Life Technologies) at 94 ° C. for 3 minutes, then 94 ° C. for 30 seconds, 50 ° C. for 30 seconds, and 72 ° C. for 30 seconds 20 times for 72 ° C. for 10 minutes.
- the obtained PCR product was electrophoresed on a 1% agarose gel, and a band pattern was confirmed. Subsequently, 1 ⁇ L of the obtained PCR product was used as a template, and PCR was carried out using the 2nd primer set under the same conditions as described above. The number of PCR cycles was 15 times.
- the obtained PCR product was electrophoresed on a 1% agarose gel, and after confirming the band pattern, it was purified by QIAquick 96 PCR Purification Kit (manufactured by Qiagen), and was purified by Quant-iT PicoGreen dsDNA Assay kit (manufactured by Life Technologies). ) was used to measure the concentration.
- a mixture of DNA solutions having the same concentration was subjected to a Miseq v2 Reagent kit (manufactured by Illumina), and sequence analysis was performed with Miseq.
- the obtained pair-end sequence was analyzed for the composition of the intestinal flora using QIIME software (version 2.0) (http://qiime.org/), and the most predominant butyrate-producing bacteria (Facaribacterium plus) among them was analyzed. The proportion of the niche) in the total intestinal bacteria was calculated, and the average of all test samples was calculated.
- FIG. 11 shows the change over time in the proportion of faecalibacterium plus niche in the total intestinal bacteria.
- a 1/4 volume of the oligosaccharide-containing aqueous solution was added to the YCFA medium preparation solution to prepare a 0.6% by mass sugar-containing YCFA medium. Further, a specified amount of YCFA medium composition powder other than sugar was added to 64.7 mL of MilliQ water and autoclaved at 115 ° C. for 15 minutes to obtain a negative control medium.
- FIG. 12 shows the turbidity (OD 600 ) of the culture solution after 24 hours of culture. It can be seen that the growth of Phycaribacterium plus niche was promoted by AOSK-NF rather than by AOSK.
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Abstract
Description
健康のために酪酸を体内に取り込むことは有用であるが、酪酸は非常に強い不快臭を放つため、食品や医薬品等の形態で摂取することは現実的ではない。また、腸内に生息する主な酪酸菌は、酸素感受性が極端に高いためにin vitroでの培養が非常に困難であり、酪酸菌を製剤化して摂取することも難しい(非特許文献2)。
かかる状況に鑑み、本発明は、フィーカリバクテリウム・プラスニッチ等の酪酸菌をより効率的に増殖させるプレバイオティクスを提供することを課題とする。
本態様において好ましくは、前記不飽和体は4位と5位の炭素間に二重結合を有する。
本態様において好ましくは、前記オリゴ糖が重合度2~10のオリゴ糖を含む。
本態様において、前記酪酸菌はフィーカリバクテリウム属細菌であることが好ましく、フィーカリバクテリウム・プラスニッチであることがより好ましい。
また、本態様の別の側面として、β-D-マンヌロン酸及び/又はα-L-グルロン酸から構成されるオリゴ糖又はその塩を含有する組成物であって、前記オリゴ糖は、非還元末端にβ-D-マンヌロン酸残基又はα-L-グルロン酸残基の不飽和体を有し、体内の酪酸が増加することにより予防もしくは改善しうる疾患もしくは病態の対象者、又は体内の酪酸が減少することに起因する疾患もしくは病態の対象者に対して投与又は接種される、組成物も提供される。
本態様の組成物は、整腸、免疫調節、酸化ストレス低減、下痢の予防もしくは改善、炎症性腸疾患の予防もしくは改善、又は大腸がんの予防のために好ましく用いられる。
本態様の組成物は、好ましくは飲食品である。
本態様の組成物は、好ましくは医薬品である。
本態様の方法は、好ましくはアルギン酸及び/又はその塩を加水分解してアルギン酸加水分解物を取得する工程、及び前記アルギン酸加水分解物にアルギン酸リアーゼを作用させてアルギン酸分解物を取得する工程を含む。
本態様の方法は、好ましくはさらに重合度が2~3のオリゴ糖及び/又はその塩を回収する工程を含む。
本態様において好ましくは、前記アルギン酸リアーゼはエンド型アルギン酸リアーゼ及び/又はエキソ型アルギン酸リアーゼである。
本態様において、前記酪酸菌はフィーカリバクテリウム属細菌であることが好ましく、フィーカリバクテリウム・プラスニッチであることがより好ましい。
本明細書において、「~」で示される数値範囲は、特に断りのない限り、「~」の前後の数値を下限値及び上限値とする数値範囲を意味する。
本発明の組成物は、本発明にかかるオリゴ糖又はその塩以外のオリゴ糖を含んでいてもよい。
後述の実施例に示されるように、アルギン酸の加水分解物であってリアーゼ処理をしていないもの、すなわち不飽和末端を持たないβ-D-マンヌロン酸及び/又はα-L-グルロン酸から構成されるオリゴ糖に比べて、本発明に係るオリゴ糖は酪酸菌により資化されやすいことから、オリゴ糖がその非還元末端に不飽和体を有することが、酪酸菌の資化性を向上させると推測される。
後述の実施例に示されるように、重合度が小さいオリゴ糖、特に重合度が2~3のオリゴ糖は酪酸菌に資化されやすい。そのため、本発明の組成物に含まれるオリゴ糖又はその塩全体に対して、重合度が2~3のオリゴ糖及び/又はその塩が30質量%以上含まれることが好ましく、50質量%以上含まれることがより好ましく、90質量%以上含まれることがさらに好ましい。
すなわち、本明細書はアルギン酸及び/若しくはその塩又はそれらの加水分解物にアルギン酸リアーゼを作用させてアルギン酸分解物を取得する工程を含む、酪酸菌用プレバイオティクス組成物を製造する方法を開示する。
アルギン酸の塩としては、ナトリウム塩、カリウム塩、カルシウム塩、アンモニウム塩等が挙げられる。本発明においては特に限定されないが、ナトリウム塩及びカリウム塩が水溶性の観点から好ましい。
本発明の製造方法に用いるアルギン酸及び/又はその塩としては、海藻等から抽出して取得することができる他、市販のものとして、例えば「I-S(分子量約300万~400万)」「I-5(分子量約280万)、「ULV-L3(分子量4万~6万)」、「IL-6(分子量約4万~6万)」(いずれも株式会社キミカ製)等を入手して用いることができる。
好ましい態様としては、アルギン酸及び/又はその塩の加水分解物にアルギン酸リアーゼを作用させてアルギン酸分解物を取得する工程により、本発明に係るオリゴ糖を製造する。また、好ましい態様としては、アルギン酸及び/又はその塩を加水分解してアルギン酸加水分解物を取得する工程、及び前記アルギン酸加水分解物にアルギン酸リアーゼを作用させてアルギン酸分解物を取得する工程を行うことにより、本発明に係るオリゴ糖を製造する。
アルギン酸リアーゼの酵素反応の至適温度は40度付近であるため、酵素反応を行っている間に食品に好ましくない微生物が増殖し易い。アルギン酸及び/又はその塩の加水分解物にアルギン酸リアーゼを作用させてアルギン酸分解物を取得する工程を含む態様、又は、アルギン酸及び/又はその塩を加水分解してアルギン酸加水分解物を取得する工程、及び前記アルギン酸加水分解物にアルギン酸リアーゼを作用させてアルギン酸分解物を取得する工程を含む態様とすることで、アルギン酸リアーゼを作用させる時間を短縮することが可能であり、微生物の増殖を抑制することが可能である。
これは、得られるオリゴ糖全体のうち、本発明に係るオリゴ糖、すなわち非還元末端にβ-D-マンヌロン酸残基又はα-L-グルロン酸残基の不飽和体を有するオリゴ糖の割合を高める観点からである。後述の実施例で示される通り、アルギン酸ナトリウムに対して先に加水分解処理をした後にリアーゼによる分解処理を行って得たオリゴ糖は、フィーカリバクテリウム・プラスニッチにより資化されやすく、その増殖を促進させることができる。
測定機器: Ultimate3000(Thermo社製)
検出:Refracto Max 521検出器(Thermo社製)、
カラム:TSKgel G3000PW(東ソー社製)
移動相:0.1M硝酸ナトリウム水溶液
流速:0.3mL/min
カラム温度:40℃
スタンダード:STANDARD P-82(Shodex社製)
なお、上記条件で行うHPLCで測定される分子量は、現実の重合度から算出される「真の」分子量とはずれが生じうる「みかけの」値である。重合度4~5のアルギン酸オリゴ糖は、上記条件で測定した場合に通常は分子量約3500とされる。
酸加水分解は、具体的には、アルギン酸及び/又はその塩の水溶液のpHを3~5程度にして、例えば100℃以上の高温に数時間加熱することにより行われ、pHの調整には酢酸等の弱酸の添加により行われるが、これに限られない。例えば、分子量4万~6万の市販のアルギン酸ナトリウムを3質量%含有する0.3v/v%酢酸水溶液を、104℃、7.5時間のオートクレーブ処理することにより酸加水分解すると、重量平均分子量約6000の加水分解物を取得できる。
アルギン酸リアーゼは、アルギン酸のβ1→4グリコシド結合を解裂させて、分解物の非還元末端のβ-D-マンヌロン酸残基又はα-L-グルロン酸残基の4位と5位の炭素間に二重結合を生成させる。したがって、本発明の製造方法におけるアルギン酸分解物(アルギン酸リアーゼ処理物ともいう)が、本発明の組成物に係るオリゴ糖となり得る。
本発明の製造方法により製造されるオリゴ糖あるいはアルギン酸分解物における、β-D-マンヌロン酸残基及びα-L-グルロン酸の構成比は、原料とするアルギン酸の由来に拠る。
かかる酵素としては、市販のものを入手でき、例えば「アルギン酸リアーゼS」(ナガセケムテックス社製)、「HULKアルギン酸分解酵素」(ニッポン・ジーン社製)等が挙げられ、これらから1種又は2種以上の酵素を選択して用いてもよい。
アルギン酸リアーゼの反応時間は、適宜調整すればよく、例えば0.5~24時間で行うことが可能であり、好ましくは0.5~12時間、より好ましくは0.5~6時間である。
アルギン酸リアーゼによる分解反応は、当該酵素を加熱して失活させて終了させればよい。例えば、100℃以上(好適には110~130℃)で失活させる場合には1~3秒間、60℃以上100℃未満で失活させる場合には3~40分間で行うことが好適である。
酵素分解終了後、必要に応じてアルギン酸分解物溶液のpHを、好ましくは6~8程度に調整してもよい。
本発明の製造方法の好ましい態様は、重合度が2~3のオリゴ糖及び/又はその塩を回収する工程をさらに含む。本発明の製造方法において、この回収工程を行う順番は特に限定されないが、通常はアルギン酸リアーゼによる分解工程の後に行われる。
なお、この回収工程により重合度が2~3のオリゴ糖及び/又はその塩のオリゴ糖全体に対する割合が、回収工程前に比べて高まればよく、回収工程後のオリゴ糖に重合度が4以上のオリゴ糖が含まれることは妨げられない。
回収工程に用い得る膜分離としては、NF(ナノろ過)膜、RO(逆浸透)膜等を透過させる方法が採用でき、かかる膜の透過物として重合度が2~3のオリゴ糖及び/又はその塩を回収することができる。なお、膜分離処理の条件(圧力、流速等)は、所望の回収が可能である限り特に限定されず、適宜調整して行えばよい。
回収工程に用い得る分子量分画としては、例えば、HPLC等の方法が採用でき、これにより不要な分子量のオリゴ糖や未分解のアルギン酸を除くことができる。
さらに、脱塩や不純物を除去したり、純度を高めたりするために、公知の分離精製方法(例えば、イオン交換樹脂等)を用いてもよい。
本発明の別の態様は、酪酸菌の増殖促進における、β-D-マンヌロン酸及び/又はα-L-グルロン酸から構成され、非還元末端にβ-D-マンヌロン酸残基又はα-L-グルロン酸残基の不飽和体を有するオリゴ糖又はその塩の使用である。
本発明の別の態様は、酪酸菌の増殖を促進させるために用いられる、β-D-マンヌロン酸及び/又はα-L-グルロン酸から構成され、非還元末端にβ-D-マンヌロン酸残基又はα-L-グルロン酸残基の不飽和体を有するオリゴ糖又はその塩である。
β-D-マンヌロン酸及び/又はα-L-グルロン酸から構成され、非還元末端にβ-D-マンヌロン酸残基又はα-L-グルロン酸残基の不飽和体を有するオリゴ糖又はその塩を動物に投与することを含む、酪酸菌の増殖を促進させる方法である。ここで、動物は、特に限定されないが、通常はヒトである。
なお、摂取(投与)の量や期間にかかわらず、組成物は1日1回又は複数回に分けて投与することができる。
なお、これらの態様の場合、酪酸菌は生菌であることが好ましい。
前述のように通常、本発明の製造方法により得られたオリゴ糖及び/又はその塩を飲食品原料に添加する工程を含む方法により、酪酸菌用プレバイオティクス飲食品を製造することもできる。
飼料の形態としては特に制限されず、本発明に係るオリゴ糖又はその塩の他に例えば、アルギン酸又はその塩、本発明に係るオリゴ糖以外のオリゴ糖、トウモロコシ、小麦、大麦、ライ麦、マイロ等の穀類;大豆油粕、ナタネ油粕、ヤシ油粕、アマニ油粕等の植物性油粕類;フスマ、麦糠、米糠、脱脂米糠等の糠類;コーングルテンミール、コーンジャムミール等の製造粕類;魚粉、脱脂粉乳、ホエイ、イエローグリース、タロー等の動物性飼料類;トルラ酵母、ビール酵母等の酵母類;第三リン酸カルシウム、炭酸カルシウム等の鉱物質飼料;油脂類;単体アミノ酸;糖類等を含有するものであってよい。
また、「表示」は、需要者が上記用途を直接的に認識できるような表現により行われることが好ましい。具体的には、飲食品に係る商品又は商品の包装に前記用途を記載したものを譲渡し、引き渡し、譲渡若しくは引き渡しのために展示し、輸入する行為、商品に関する広告、価格表若しくは取引書類に上記用途を記載して展示し、若しくは頒布し、又はこれらを内容とする情報に上記用途を記載して電磁気的(インターネット等)方法により提供する行為等が挙げられる。
かかる表示としては、例えば、「おなかの中の酪酸菌を増やしたい方」、「フィーカリバクテリウム属細菌を増やしたい方」、「酪酸で整腸作用」、「酪酸菌を増やして免疫力アップ」等と表示することが挙げられる。
医薬品の投与経路は、経口又は非経口のいずれでもよいが経口が好ましい。また、非経口摂取(投与)としては、直腸投与等が挙げられる。
医薬品の形態としては、投与方法に応じて、適宜所望の剤形に製剤化することができる。例えば、経口投与の場合、散剤、顆粒剤、錠剤、カプセル剤等の固形製剤;溶液剤、シロップ剤、懸濁剤、乳剤等の液剤等に製剤化することができる。また、非経口投与の場合、座剤、軟膏剤、注射剤等に製剤化することができる。
製剤化に際しては、本発明に係るオリゴ糖又はその塩の他に、通常製剤化に用いられている賦形剤、pH調整剤、着色剤、矯味剤等の成分を用いることができる。また、他の薬効成分や、公知の又は将来的に見出されるプレバイオティクスなどを併用することも可能である。
加えて、製剤化は剤形に応じて適宜公知の方法により実施できる。製剤化に際しては、適宜、製剤担体を配合して製剤化してもよい。
なお、経口投与用の液剤の場合に使用する担体としては、水等の溶剤等が挙げられる。
試験例2以降では、特に断りのない場合は、試験例1で用いた原料、試薬と同じものを用いた。
(1)培地の調製
99.7mLのMilliQ水に0.3mLの酢酸(国産化学株式会社)を添加して、104℃、7.5時間のオートクレーブ処理にかけた。その後、得られた滅菌水をスピードバックに供して酢酸及び水分を完全に除去し、そこに40mLのMilliQ水を加え、再度スピードバックに供して水分を完全に除去した。再度MilliQ水を64.7mL添加して、培地調製用水溶液を得た。
上記調製した培地調製用水溶液全量に、市販のアルギン酸リアーゼ処理物1(「アルギン酸オリゴ糖」(北海道三井化学株式会社製))を1g添加し、さらに糖以外のYCFA培地組成粉末を規定量加えて、アルギン酸リアーゼ処理物1含有培地を取得した。
上記調製した培地調製用水溶液全量に、市販のアルギン酸ナトリウム素材(「ULV-L3(分子量4万~6万)」(株式会社キミカ製))を1g添加し、さらに糖以外のYCFA培地組成粉末を規定量加えて、115℃、15分間のオートクレーブ処理にかけて、アルギン酸ナトリウム含有培地を取得した。
市販のアルギン酸ナトリウム素材(「ULV-L3(分子量4万~6万)」(株式会社キミカ製))1gを99.7mLのMilliQ水で溶解し、0.3mLの酢酸を添加して、104℃、7.5時間のオートクレーブ処理にかけた。その後、スピードバックに供して酢酸及び水分を完全に除去し、そこに40mLのMilliQ水を加え、再度スピードバックに供して水分を完全に除去した。再度MilliQ水を64.7mL添加してアルギン酸加水分解物の水溶液を取得した。ここに、糖以外のYCFA培地組成粉末を規定量加えて、115℃、15分間のオートクレーブ処理にかけて、アルギン酸加水分解物含有培地を取得した。
上記調製した培地調製用水溶液全量に、グルコース0.2g、マルトース0.2g、及びセロビオース0.2g(いずれもナカライテスク株式会社製)を添加し、さらに糖以外のYCFA培地組成粉末を規定量加えて、115℃、15分間のオートクレーブ処理にかけて、陽性対照培地を取得した。
上記調製した培地調製用水溶液全量に、糖以外のYCFA培地組成粉末を規定量加えて、115℃、15分間のオートクレーブ処理にかけて、陰性対照培地を取得した。
(1)で調製した各YCFA培地に無菌的にフィルター滅菌処理したビタミン液とシステイン液を添加し、被験糖の終濃度が1%(w/v)となる培養液を調製した。培養液を5mLチューブ352063 (Falcon社製)に2mLずつ分注した。その後、Coy嫌気チャンバー(Coy社製)内に前記5mLチューブを一晩静置し培養液を嫌気状態に置換した。これに培養実験に供する24時間前にフィーカリバクテリウム・プラスニッチ MCC2041(2019年9月20日に独立行政法人製品評価技術基盤機構特許微生物寄託センター(郵便番号292-0818、千葉県木更津市かずさ鎌足2-5-8 122号室)に、受託番号NITE BP-03027で国際寄託された)を接種し37℃で嫌気培養を行った前培養液を60μLずつ培養液に接種し24時間、37℃で嫌気培養を行った。
培養液の波長600nmにおける濁度を下方蛍光測定器(日立ハイテクサイエンス社製、SH9000-Lab)を用いて測定した。
図1に、培養24時間後の培養液の濁度(OD600)を示す。フィーカリバクテリウム・プラスニッチは、アルギン酸ナトリウムは資化できずほとんど増殖しなかったが、アルギン酸加水分解物では資化が認められ、さらにアルギン酸リアーゼ処理物1では著しい増殖が認められた。
(1)培地の調製
MilliQ水64.7mLに、試験例1で用いたアルギン酸リアーゼ処理物1、アルギン酸リアーゼ処理物2(「アルギン酸オリゴ糖」(Shandong社製))、又はアルギン酸リアーゼ処理物3(「アルギン酸オリゴ糖」(Runxin社製))をそれぞれ1g添加し、さらに糖以外のYCFA培地組成粉末を規定量加えて、115℃、15分間のオートクレーブ処理にかけて、アルギン酸リアーゼ処理物1~3含有培地を取得した。
MilliQ水64.7mLに、市販のアルギン酸ナトリウム素材を1g添加し、さらに糖以外のYCFA培地組成粉末を規定量加えて、115℃、15分間のオートクレーブ処理にかけて、アルギン酸ナトリウム含有培地を取得した。
MilliQ水64.7mLに、市販のグアーガム加水分解物(「サンファイバー」(太陽化学株式会社製))を1g添加し、さらに糖以外のYCFA培地組成粉末を規定量加えて、115℃、15分間のオートクレーブ処理にかけて、グアーガム加水分解物含有培地を取得した。なお、グアーガム加水分解物は、腸内でフィーカリバクテリウム・プラスニッチ増殖能を有することが既に知られている。
MilliQ水64.7mLに、グルコース0.2g、マルトース0.2g、及びセロビオース0.2g(いずれもナカライテスク株式会社製)を添加し、さらに糖以外のYCFA培地組成粉末を規定量加えて、115℃、15分間のオートクレーブ処理にかけて、陽性対照培地を取得した。
MilliQ水64.7mLに、糖以外のYCFA培地組成粉末を規定量加えて、115℃、15分間のオートクレーブ処理にかけて、陰性対照培地を取得した。
(1)で調製した各YCFA培地を用いて、試験例1と同様に、フィーカリバクテリウム・プラスニッチ MCC2041を培養した。
薄層クロマトグラフィー(TLC)により、フィーカリバクテリウム・プラスニッチに資化されたオリゴ糖の重合度を分析した。
(2)の培養前及び培養24時間後の培養液を、それぞれ13000×g、4℃で3分間遠心分離して各上清を回収しサンプルとした。
薄層クロマトグラフィー用アルミプレート silica gel 60(Merck社製)に各サンプルを1μLずつスポットし、展開溶媒(ギ酸:1-ブタノール:蒸留水=6:4:1)で展開した。ジフェニルアミン・アニリン・リン酸試薬(100mLアセトン、1gジフェニルアミン、1mLアニリン、10mLリン酸)を噴霧した後、加熱し糖を呈色した。
図2に、培養24時間後の培養液の濁度(OD600)を示す。フィーカリバクテリウム・プラスニッチは、アルギン酸ナトリウムやグアーガム加水分解物を資化できずほとんど増殖しなかった。一方、アルギン酸リアーゼ処理物1~3ではいずれも、フィーカリバクテリウム・プラスニッチの著しい増殖が認められた。
図3に呈色後のTLCプレートを示す。アルギン酸リアーゼ処理物1~3含有培地では、重合度2~6のオリゴ糖に相当するスポットが、培養後に薄くなるか消失したことが認められた。このことから、フィーカリバクテリウム・プラスニッチは、アルギン酸リアーゼ処理物のうち特に重合度2~6のオリゴ糖を資化したことが分かる。
(1)培地の調製
市販のアルギン酸ナトリウム素材5gを96mLのMilliQ水で溶解した。そこに5mg/mLアルギン酸リアーゼS(ナガセケムテックス社製)水溶液を4mL添加し、40℃、24時間で酵素反応させた。次いで80℃で60分間加熱して酵素を失活させた。反応液を8000×gで20分間遠心し、上清を回収して、5%アルギン酸リアーゼ処理物4水溶液を得た。このアルギン酸リアーゼ処理物4水溶液20mLと2.24倍量のMilliQ水とを混合し、さらに糖以外のYCFA培地組成粉末を規定量加えて、115℃、15分間のオートクレーブ処理にかけて、アルギン酸リアーゼ処理物4含有培地を取得した。
アルギン酸リアーゼS(ナガセケムテックス社製)の0.02質量%水溶液を、40℃、24時間インキュベートした後、80℃で60分間加熱して酵素を失活させた。水溶液を8000×gで20分間遠心し、上清を回収した。上清20mLと2.24倍量のMilliQ水とを混合して、115℃、15分間のオートクレーブ処理にかけて、培地調製用水溶液を得た。
上記調製した培地調製用水溶液全量に、アルギン酸ナトリウム素材を1g添加し、さらに糖以外のYCFA培地組成粉末を規定量加えて、115℃、15分間のオートクレーブ処理にかけて、アルギン酸ナトリウム含有培地を取得した。
上記調製した培地調製用水溶液全量に、市販のグアーガム加水分解物(「サンファイバー」(太陽化学株式会社製))を1g添加し、さらに糖以外のYCFA培地組成粉末を規定量加えて、115℃、15分間のオートクレーブ処理にかけて、グアーガム加水分解物含有培地を取得した。
上記調製した培地調製用水溶液全量に、グルコース0.2g、マルトース0.2g、及びセロビオース0.2gを添加し、さらに糖以外のYCFA培地組成粉末を規定量加えて、115℃、15分間のオートクレーブ処理にかけて、陽性対照培地を取得した。
上記調製した培地調製用水溶液全量に、糖以外のYCFA培地組成粉末を規定量加えて、115℃、15分間のオートクレーブ処理にかけて、陰性対照培地を取得した。
(1)で調製した各YCFA培地を用いて、試験例1と同様に、フィーカリバクテリウム・プラスニッチ MCC2041を培養した。
培養液の波長600nmにおける濁度を、試験例1と同様に測定した。
試験例2と同様に、TLCにより、フィーカリバクテリウム・プラスニッチに資化されたオリゴ糖の重合度を分析した。
図4に、培養24時間後の培養液の濁度(OD600)を示す。フィーカリバクテリウム・プラスニッチは、アルギン酸ナトリウムやグアーガム加水分解物を資化できずほとんど増殖しなかった。一方、アルギン酸リアーゼ処理物4では、フィーカリバクテリウム・プラスニッチの著しい増殖が認められた。
図5に呈色後のTLCプレートを示す。アルギン酸リアーゼ処理物4含有培地では、重合度2~6のオリゴ糖に相当するスポットが、培養後に薄くなるか消失したことが認められた。このことから、フィーカリバクテリウム・プラスニッチは、アルギン酸リアーゼ処理物4のうち特に重合度2~6のオリゴ糖を資化したことが分かる。
(1)試料の調製
試薬については、特に記載のない場合は試験例1と同じものを用いた。
市販のアルギン酸ナトリウム素材3gを99.7mLのMilliQ水で溶解しアルギン酸ナトリウム溶液を調製した。アルギン酸ナトリウム溶液に0.3mLの酢酸を添加後ただちに4NのNaOH溶液を添加してpHを6.2±0.1に調整して、酢酸含有アルギン酸ナトリウム溶液(試料a’)を得た。
酢酸含有アルギン酸ナトリウム溶液(試料a’)100mLに、6mg/mLのアルギン酸リアーゼS(ナガセケムテックス社製)水溶液を1mL添加し、40℃、3時間酵素反応させた。次いで80℃30分間加熱して酵素を失活させて、アルギン酸リアーゼ処理物溶液(試料b’)を得た。
アルギン酸リアーゼ処理物溶液(試料b’)に、酢酸を添加し pHを4.2±0.1に調整し、104℃、7.5時間のオートクレーブ処理した。その後、4NのNaOH溶液を加え、pHを6.2±0.1に調整し、アルギン酸リアーゼ処理物加水分解物溶液(試料c)の最終試料とした。
上記調製したアルギン酸ナトリウム溶液に0.3mLの酢酸を添加してpHを4.2±0.1に調整し、104℃、7.5時間のオートクレーブ処理にかけアルギン酸加水分解物溶液(試料d’)を得た。
アルギン酸加水分解物溶液(試料d’)に4NのNaOH溶液を加え、pHを6.2±0.1に調整した。試料b’の調製と同様の手順にて、アルギン酸加水分解物溶液(試料d’)のリアーゼ処理反応を行い、アルギン酸加水分解物リアーゼ処理物溶液(試料e’)を得た。
酢酸含有アルギン酸ナトリウム溶液(試料a’)、アルギン酸リアーゼ処理物溶液(試料b’)、アルギン酸加水分解物溶液(試料d’)、及びアルギン酸加水分解物リアーゼ処理物溶液(試料e’)それぞれに酢酸を添加してただちに4NのNaOH溶液を加え、pHを6.2±0.1に調整して、各最終試料(試料a、b、d、e)とした。各試料を得るために行った処理を表1に示す。
薄層クロマトグラフィー(TLC)により、試料a~eを分析した。
(1)で取得した各試料をMilliQ水で希釈した3%(w/v)希釈溶液をTLCサンプルとした。また、試験例1で用いたアルギン酸リアーゼ処理物1の1%(w/v)溶液を試料Mとして用いた。
TLCは試験例2と同様の手順にて行った。
図6に呈色後のTLCプレートを示す。アルギン酸ナトリウムに対して、酵素分解を行う前又は後に加水分解を行うことにより、分解度が高まり、重合度の小さいオリゴ糖が得られやすいことが分かった。
(1)培地の調製
YCFA培地組成粉末に規定量の8割体積になるようにMilliQ水を加えて混合し、115℃、15分間、オートクレーブ処理にかけてYCFA培地調製液を得た。試験例4で取得した試料a~eの各溶液を115℃、15分でオートクレーブ処理にを行った。YCFA培地調製液にその体積の1/4量のオートクレーブ処理後の試料a~eを加えて、0.6質量%糖含有YCFA培地を調製した。
MilliQ水に、市販のグアーガム加水分解物(「サンファイバー」(太陽化学株式会社製))を添加して、さらに糖以外のYCFA培地組成粉末を規定量加えて115℃、15分でオートクレーブ処理を行い、0.6質量%グアーガム加水分解物含有培地を取得した。
MilliQ水64.7mLに、糖以外のYCFA培地組成粉末を規定量加えて、115℃、15分でオートクレーブ処理を行いて陰性対照培地を取得した。
(1)で調製した各YCFA培地を用いて、試験例1と同様に、フィーカリバクテリウム・プラスニッチ MCC2041を培養した。
試験例2と同様に、TLCにより、フィーカリバクテリウム・プラスニッチに資化されたオリゴ糖の重合度を分析した。
培養液の波長600nmにおける濁度を、試験例1と同様に測定した。
TLCの結果から、試料b~e含有培地では、2~6糖のオリゴ糖に相当するスポットが、培養後に薄くなったことが認められた。このことから、フィーカリバクテリウム・プラスニッチは、アルギン酸リアーゼ処理物のうち特に重合度2~6のオリゴ糖を資化したことが分かる。
図7に、培養24時間後の培養液の濁度(OD600)を示す。フィーカリバクテリウム・プラスニッチは、アルギン酸ナトリウム(試料a)やグアーガム加水分解物を資化できずほとんど増殖しなかった。一方、アルギン酸リアーゼ処理物(試料b)では、フィーカリバクテリウム・プラスニッチの増殖が認められた。また、アルギン酸ナトリウムを加水分解した後にリアーゼ処理したアルギン酸加水分解物リアーゼ処理物(試料e)では、フィーカリバクテリウム・プラスニッチの著しい増殖が認められた。
アルギン酸ナトリウムをリアーゼ処理した後に加水分解したアルギン酸リアーゼ処理物加水分解物(試料c)では、試料bよりも重合度の小さいオリゴ糖量が多いにも関わらず(図6参照)、フィーカリバクテリウム・プラスニッチの生育は鈍化した。これは、リアーゼ処理後の加水分解により飽和体のオリゴ糖が生成し、フィーカリバクテリウム・プラスニッチに資化されやすい非還元末端に不飽和体を有するオリゴ糖が相対的に少なくなったためと考えられる。
(1)試料の調製
50℃に保温したMilliQ水に市販のアルギン酸ナトリウム素材(「I-5(分子量約280万)」(株式会社キミカ製))を溶解して3質量%のアルギン酸ナトリウム水溶液を調製した。酢酸(国産化学株式会社)を0.3質量%となるように添加してpHを4.2±0.1に調整した後、104℃、3.5時間又は7.5時間のオートクレーブ処理にかけアルギン酸加水分解物溶液を得た。さらに4NのNaOH溶液を加え、pHを6.2±0.1に調整した後に、アルギン酸リアーゼS(ナガセケムテックス社製)を当初のアルギン酸ナトリウム素材100gに対して0.2g添加し、40℃で、0.5、1、2又は3時間酵素反応させた。次いで80℃30分間加熱して酵素を失活させて、アルギン酸加水分解物リアーゼ処理物溶液を得た。
薄層クロマトグラフィー(TLC)により、アルギン酸加水分解物リアーゼ処理物溶液を分析した。TLCは試験例2と同様の手順にて行った。
図8に呈色後のTLCプレートを示す。アルギン酸ナトリウムに対して、酵素分解を行う前に加水分解を行うことにより、分解度が高まり、重合度の小さいオリゴ糖が得られやすいことが分かった。
なお、用いたアルギン酸ナトリウム素材「I-5」の水溶液は非常に粘度が高く、そのままではフィーカリバクテリウム・プラスニッチの培養や、アルギン酸リアーゼ処理に供するのに適さないところ、加水分解処理を行うことにより、アルギン酸リアーゼによる分解反応を行いやすくなる。その結果、フィーカリバクテリウム・プラスニッチに資化されやすくなり、その増殖を促進することができるプレバイオティクスとなり得る。
(1)アルギン酸オリゴ糖の入手及び分画
市販のアルギン酸カリウム素材(「KULV-L3(分子量4万~6万)」(株式会社キミカ製))400gを7.6Lの逆浸透膜透過水(RO水)を用いて溶解した。そこに1.6gのアルギン酸リアーゼS(ナガセケムテックス社製)を添加し、40℃にて6時間の酵素反応を行った。次いで85℃で10分間加熱して酵素を失活させアルギン酸カリウムリアーゼ処理物(以下、「AOSK」とも記載する。)を得た。得られたAOSKに12LのRO水を加え希釈し、該希釈溶液20LをNF膜(NTR7450、日東電工社製)に10kgf/cm3の圧力で通過させ分画した。NF膜透過液を回収しAOSKのNF膜透過物溶液を得た。該透過物溶液を凍結乾燥機(RL-B04型)を用いて凍結乾燥し、乾燥粉末(以下、「AOSK-NF」とも記載する。)17.02gを得た。
(1)で取得したAOSKとAOSK-NFに含まれる重合度2~6のオリゴ糖の各存在量をHPLCにて測定した。AOSK水溶液及びAOSK-NF水溶液を調製し(各1質量%)、0.22μmフィルター(メルクミリポア社製)に通過させた後にHPLCに供した。システムはUltimate3000(Thermo社製)、検出はダイオードアレイ検出器(Thermo社製)、及びカラムはNH2P-50 4E(昭光サイエンス社製)を用いた。移動相は0.3Mリン酸二水素ナトリウムを溶解した蒸留水を用いて、イソクラティックで90分間測定した。流速は1.0mL/min、カラムオーブン温度は40℃に設定し、検出は235nmの吸収で行った。標品Mにはアルギン酸リアーゼ処理物1(「アルギン酸オリゴ糖」(北海道三井化学社製))の1%(w/v)溶液を使用した。
図9に、HPLCチャートにおける各ピーク面積を、対応する重合度のオリゴ糖ごとに、NF膜処理前後のアルギン酸カリウムリアーゼ処理物に含まれるオリゴ糖量として示す。NF膜処理で分画することにより、試料中のオリゴ糖に占める重合度2又は3のオリゴ糖の含有量が増加し、重合度4~6のオリゴ糖の含有量が減少したことが確認できた。
(1)で取得したAOSKとAOSK-NFに含まれるオリゴ糖の重合度をTLCにより分析した。
AOSK水溶液及びAOSK-NF水溶液を調製し(各1質量%)、TLC分析に用いた。TLCは試験例2と同様の手順にて行った。
図10に呈色後のTLCプレートを示す。AOSK-NFではAOSKに比べて重合度2又は3のオリゴ糖に相当するスポットが濃く、重合度4以上のオリゴ糖に相当するスポットが薄かった。このことから、NF膜処理で分画することにより、試料中のオリゴ糖に占める重合度2又は3のオリゴ糖の含有量が増加し、四糖~六糖の含有量が減少したことが確認できた。
(1)中和培養
糖を含有しないYCFA培地を100mL作成し、pHコントロール可能な培養装置Bio Jr.8(株式会社バイオット社製、BJR-25NA1S-8M)のベッセルに入れ、試験例7で取得したAOSK又はAOSK-NFを1g添加した。各培地をベッセルごと、115℃20分間のオートクレーブ処理にかけた。その後、無菌的にフィルター滅菌処理したビタミン液とシステイン液を添加し、被験試料の終濃度が1%(w/v)となる培養液を調製した。その後、窒素置換を一晩行うことで嫌気状態とし、生理食塩水で10%(w/v)に予め調整しておいた糞便溶液100μLを添加し、pHが6以下にならないよう1MのNa2CO3液でコントロールしながら68時間37℃で嫌気培養を行った。培養開始から0、16、20、24、48、及び68時間後に培養液を1mLずつ回収した。
なお、前記糞便は、通常の食餌を継続している健康なヒト(n=4;40歳代男性1名、30歳代男性2名、及び20歳代男性1名)から提供されたものである。
(1)で回収した培養液を15,000gで10分間遠心して沈殿を得た。前記沈殿を、450μLの抽出液(100mM Tris/HCl, 4mM EDTA, pH9.0)に懸濁した後、10%SDS溶液50μL、0.1mm径のガラスビーズ300mg、500μLのTE飽和フェノール(和光純薬)と混合し、FastPrep FP 100A(フナコシ社製)にてパワーレベル5、30秒の破砕処理を行った。次いで、14,000gで5分間遠心後400μLの上清を取り、250μLのフェノール・クロロホルム溶液(和光純薬)を加えて混合し、14,000gで5分間遠心後、250μLの上清を取得した。さらに2-プロパノールを250μL加えて得た沈殿を200μLのTris-EDTAバッファー(pH8.0)で溶解し、鋳型DNA溶液とした。
鋳型DNA溶液及び1stプライマーセットを含む総液量を25μLとした反応液をTaKaRa Ex Taq HS kit(タカラバイオ社製)を用いて調製した。Veriti 200(Life Technologies社製)により、94℃3分の後、94℃30秒、50℃30秒、及び72℃30秒を20回、72℃10分のPCR反応を行った。得られたPCR産物を1%アガロースゲルにて電気泳動し、バンドパターンを確認した。続いて得られたPCR産物1μLを鋳型とし、2ndプライマーセットを用いて上述した条件と同様にPCRを実施した。PCRのサイクル数は15回とした。得られたPCR産物を1%アガロースゲルにて電気泳動し、バンドパターンを確認後、QIAquick 96 PCR Purification Kit(キアゲン社製)にて精製を行い、Quant-iT PicoGreen dsDNA Assay kit (Life Technologies社製)にて濃度を測定した。同濃度のDNA溶液を混合したものをMiseq v2 Reagent kit(イルミナ社製)に供し、Miseqにてシークエンス解析を実施した。
得られたペアエンド配列をQIIME software(version 2.0)(http://qiime.org/)にて腸内細菌叢の構成を解析し、その中の最優勢酪酸菌(フィーカリバクテリウム・プラスニッチ)の腸内細菌全体に占める割合をそれぞれ算出し、全被験試料の平均を求めた。
(1)培地の調製
YCFA培地組成粉末に規定量の8割体積になるように調整したMilliQ水を加えて混合し、115℃、15分でオートクレーブ処理にかけてYCFA培地調製液を得た。試験例6で取得したAOSK又はAOSK-NFをMilliQ水にそれぞれ添加して3%(w/v)オリゴ糖水溶液を調製し、115℃、15分でオートクレーブ処理した。YCFA培地調製液にその体積の1/4量のオリゴ糖含有水溶液を加えて、0.6質量%糖含有YCFA培地を調製した。また、MilliQ水64.7mLに、糖以外のYCFA培地組成粉末を規定量加えて、115℃、15分でオートクレーブ処理して陰性対照培地を取得した。
(1)で調製した各YCFA培地を用いて、試験例1と同様に、フィーカリバクテリウム・プラスニッチ MCC2041を嫌気培養した。
図12に、培養24時間後の培養液の濁度(OD600)を示す。フィーカリバクテリウム・プラスニッチは、AOSKよりもAOSK-NFにより増殖が促進されたことが分かる。
Claims (19)
- β-D-マンヌロン酸及び/又はα-L-グルロン酸から構成されるオリゴ糖又はその塩を含有する、酪酸菌用プレバイオティクス組成物であって、
前記オリゴ糖は、非還元末端にβ-D-マンヌロン酸残基又はα-L-グルロン酸残基の不飽和体を有する、組成物。 - 前記不飽和体は4位と5位の炭素間に二重結合を有する、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記オリゴ糖が重合度2~10のオリゴ糖を含む、請求項1又は2に記載の組成物。
- 前記酪酸菌がフィーカリバクテリウム(Faecalibacterium)属細菌である、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記フィーカリバクテリウム属細菌がフィーカリバクテリウム・プラスニッチ(Faecalibacterium prausnitzii)である、請求項4に記載の組成物。
- β-D-マンヌロン酸及び/又はα-L-グルロン酸から構成されるオリゴ糖又はその塩を含有する組成物であって、
前記オリゴ糖は、非還元末端にβ-D-マンヌロン酸残基又はα-L-グルロン酸残基の不飽和体を有し、
体内の酪酸が増加することにより予防もしくは改善しうる疾患もしくは病態の対象者、又は体内の酪酸が減少することに起因する疾患もしくは病態の対象者に対して投与又は接種される、組成物。 - 整腸、免疫調節、酸化ストレス低減、下痢の予防もしくは改善、炎症性腸疾患の予防もしくは改善、又は大腸がんの予防のために用いられる、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 飲食品である、請求項1~7の何れか一項に記載の組成物。
- 医薬品である、請求項1~7の何れか一項に記載の組成物。
- 酪酸菌用プレバイオティクス組成物の製造における、β-D-マンヌロン酸及び/又はα-L-グルロン酸から構成されるオリゴ糖又はその塩の使用であって、
前記オリゴ糖は、非還元末端にβ-D-マンヌロン酸残基又はα-L-グルロン酸残基の不飽和体を有する、使用。 - 酪酸菌の増殖促進における、β-D-マンヌロン酸及び/又はα-L-グルロン酸から構成されるオリゴ糖又はその塩の使用であって、
前記オリゴ糖は、非還元末端にβ-D-マンヌロン酸残基又はα-L-グルロン酸残基の不飽和体を有する、使用。 - 酪酸菌の増殖を促進させるために用いられる、β-D-マンヌロン酸及び/又はα-L-グルロン酸から構成され、非還元末端にβ-D-マンヌロン酸残基又はα-L-グルロン酸残基の不飽和体を有するオリゴ糖又はその塩。
- 酪酸菌の増殖を促進させる方法であって、
β-D-マンヌロン酸及び/又はα-L-グルロン酸から構成されるオリゴ糖又はその塩を動物に投与することを含み、
前記オリゴ糖は、非還元末端にβ-D-マンヌロン酸残基又はα-L-グルロン酸残基の不飽和体を有する、方法。 - アルギン酸及び/若しくはその塩又はそれらの加水分解物にアルギン酸リアーゼを作用させてアルギン酸分解物を取得する工程を含む、酪酸菌用プレバイオティクス組成物を製造する方法。
- 前記アルギン酸リアーゼが、エンド型アルギン酸リアーゼ及び/又はエキソ型アルギン酸リアーゼである、請求項14に記載の方法。
- アルギン酸及び/又はその塩を加水分解してアルギン酸加水分解物を取得する工程、及び前記アルギン酸加水分解物にアルギン酸リアーゼを作用させてアルギン酸分解物を取得する工程を含む、請求項14又は15に記載の方法。
- さらに重合度が2~3のオリゴ糖及び/又はその塩を回収する工程を含む、請求項14~16のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記酪酸菌がフィーカリバクテリウム(Faecalibacterium)属細菌である、請求項14~17のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記フィーカリバクテリウム属細菌がフィーカリバクテリウム・プラスニッチ(Faecalibacterium prausnitzii)である、請求項18に記載の方法。
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