WO2022118612A1 - 金担持カーボン触媒およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
金担持カーボン触媒およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022118612A1 WO2022118612A1 PCT/JP2021/041057 JP2021041057W WO2022118612A1 WO 2022118612 A1 WO2022118612 A1 WO 2022118612A1 JP 2021041057 W JP2021041057 W JP 2021041057W WO 2022118612 A1 WO2022118612 A1 WO 2022118612A1
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- gold
- fine particles
- gold fine
- alkanethiol
- coordinated
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 110
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 109
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 109
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 62
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- WNAHIZMDSQCWRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane-1-thiol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCS WNAHIZMDSQCWRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- FDWREHZXQUYJFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M gold monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Au+] FDWREHZXQUYJFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003495 polar organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- ORTRWBYBJVGVQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecane-1-thiol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCS ORTRWBYBJVGVQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 5
- QBVXKDJEZKEASM-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraoctylammonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCC[N+](CCCCCCCC)(CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC QBVXKDJEZKEASM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000003917 TEM image Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- -1 gold ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012279 sodium borohydride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000033 sodium borohydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZBKIUFWVEIBQRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold(1+) Chemical compound [Au+] ZBKIUFWVEIBQRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- QPBKMCTYJPISON-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)S.[Au] Chemical compound C(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)S.[Au] QPBKMCTYJPISON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- GSDVZZPXKQJFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane-1-thiol;gold Chemical compound [Au].CCCCCCCCCCCCS GSDVZZPXKQJFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002343 gold Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000016507 interphase Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000686 lactone group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005647 linker group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001570 methylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- QJAOYSPHSNGHNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecane-1-thiol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCS QJAOYSPHSNGHNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GIDDQKKGAYONOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N octylazanium;bromide Chemical compound Br.CCCCCCCCN GIDDQKKGAYONOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002250 progressing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003223 protective agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000104 sodium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012312 sodium hydride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000010414 supernatant solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021642 ultra pure water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012498 ultrapure water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/20—Carbon compounds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/48—Silver or gold
- B01J23/52—Gold
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- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/18—Carbon
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- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/20—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their non-solid state
- B01J35/23—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their non-solid state in a colloidal state
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- B01J37/0072—Preparation of particles, e.g. dispersion of droplets in an oil bath
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- B01J37/34—Irradiation by, or application of, electric, magnetic or wave energy, e.g. ultrasonic waves ; Ionic sputtering; Flame or plasma spraying; Particle radiation
- B01J37/341—Irradiation by, or application of, electric, magnetic or wave energy, e.g. ultrasonic waves ; Ionic sputtering; Flame or plasma spraying; Particle radiation making use of electric or magnetic fields, wave energy or particle radiation
- B01J37/343—Irradiation by, or application of, electric, magnetic or wave energy, e.g. ultrasonic waves ; Ionic sputtering; Flame or plasma spraying; Particle radiation making use of electric or magnetic fields, wave energy or particle radiation of ultrasonic wave energy
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- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/16—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes
- B22F9/18—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds
- B22F9/24—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds starting from liquid metal compounds, e.g. solutions
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a gold-supported carbon catalyst and a method for producing the same.
- Gold fine particles having a particle size on the order of nanometers can be used, for example, as a cathode catalyst for reducing carbon dioxide.
- a vapor phase method and a liquid phase method as a method for producing such gold fine particles.
- a liquid phase method there is a method of obtaining gold fine particles by adding a reducing agent to reduce gold ions.
- Patent Document 1 describes grains by controlling the reduction reaction rate in a method for producing gold fine particles in which gold chloride ions are reduced with sodium borohydride in the presence of alkanethiol using a toluene / water two-phase system. A method of controlling the diameter is disclosed.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a gold-supported carbon catalyst having a smaller size of gold fine particles, strong adhesion to carbon black, and capable of suppressing aggregation of gold fine particles.
- the grain size of the gold fine particles becomes smaller by removing relatively large gold fine particles, and the gold fine particles coordinated with alkanethiol in hexane are supported on the carbon black.
- a gold-supported carbon catalyst capable of suppressing the aggregation of gold fine particles can be obtained by the strong adhesion strength and the steric damage effect of the coordinated alkanethiol, and completed the present invention. That is, when the gold fine particles are supported on the carbon black by the method according to the present invention, the gold fine particles can be supported on the carbon black functional group and the gold fine particles under the condition that there is no water that adversely affects the bond between the carbon black functional group and the gold fine particles.
- the bond covalent bond and ionic bond
- the alkanethiol coordinated to the gold fine particles becomes a steric hindrance, suppresses the aggregation of the gold fine particles when the catalyst is used, suppresses the functional deterioration of the catalyst, and contributes to high durability.
- a gold-supported carbon catalyst having a smaller size of gold fine particles, strong adhesion to carbon black, and capable of suppressing aggregation of gold fine particles.
- the present invention is a gold-supported carbon catalyst in which alkanethiol is coordinated with a coverage of 10 to 70% and gold fine particles having an average particle size of 1.0 to 1.5 nm are supported on carbon black.
- the average particle size of the gold fine particles is preferably 1.2 to 1.5 nm.
- Alkanethiol is a water-insoluble thiol represented by the general formula CnH (2n + 1) SH, which is composed of a sulfur-containing bonding group bonded to the gold surface, a spacer chain of a methylene group, and a head group of a methyl group. .. Examples thereof include dodecane thiol, hexadecane thiol and octadecane thiol.
- Carbon black has electrical conductivity and a BET specific surface area of 80 to 1300 m 2 / g.
- surface functional groups such as a carboxyl group, a lactone group, a phenolic hydroxyl group, and a carbonyl group are present on the surface of carbon black.
- Ketjen Black EC300J having a BET specific surface area of about 800 m 2 / g
- Ketjen Black EC600JD having a BET specific surface area of about 1270 m 2 / g can be used.
- the method for producing a gold-supported carbon catalyst of the present invention includes a gold fine particle generation step, a gold fine particle processing step, and a gold fine particle supporting step.
- an aqueous solution of gold chloride and an organic solvent solution containing a correlation transfer agent are mixed, and then alkanethiol is mixed with the organic solvent solution phase obtained by liquid phase separation, and the reducing agent is added to the mixed solution.
- the aqueous solution containing the above is mixed to obtain gold fine particles coordinated with alkanthiol.
- an aqueous solution of gold chloride acid dissolved in pure water and a solution of tetraoctylammonium bromide dissolved in toluene, which is an organic solvent, are mixed, and gold chloride acid is used as an interphase transfer agent.
- gold chloride acid is used as an interphase transfer agent.
- the aqueous phase is separated and removed, dodecanethiol is added to the obtained toluene solution phase (organic solvent solution phase), and the mixture is stirred and mixed to form a complex coordinated with gold.
- a gold complex salt (C 8 H 17 ) 4 N [Au (C 12 H 25 S) 4 ] substituted with a dodecanethiol group (C 12 H 25 S) is obtained.
- stirring is performed at, for example, 30 ° C. for 6 hours or longer, preferably 12 hours or longer.
- the toluene solution phase (organic solvent solution phase) to which the dodecanethiol was added and mixed was mixed with sodium hydride dissolved in pure water, and the mixture was stirred at 30 to 60 ° C. for 1 to 4 hours to coordinate the dodecanethiol.
- Gold fine particles were reduced and precipitated in a toluene solution phase (organic solvent solution phase), the toluene solution phase (organic solvent solution phase) was separated, and the organic solvent toluene was removed by an evaporator, and dodecanethiol was coordinated as a precipitate. Obtain gold fine particles.
- the gold fine particle treatment step a series of operations of dispersing the gold fine particles coordinated with alkanethiol in hexane, further adding a polar organic solvent and mixing, and then centrifuging the gold fine particles coordinated with alkanethiol are repeated a plurality of times. ..
- polar organic solvent for example, methanol or ethanol can be used.
- gold fine particles coordinated with dodecanethiol are dispersed in hexane.
- ethanol which is a polar organic solvent
- the mixed solution is centrifuged by a centrifugation method, and the gold fine particles coordinated with the precipitated dodecanethiol are taken out and washed.
- gold fine particles having an average particle size of 1.0 to 1.5 nm in which dodecanethiol is coordinated with a coverage of 10 to 70% are obtained.
- the relatively large gold fine particles have a small number of coordinates of dodecanethiol on the unit surface of the gold fine particles, have a relatively strong polarity, and do not precipitate by binding with ethanol as a polar organic solvent. Since it remains in the liquid, it is thought that relatively large gold particles can be removed.
- gold fine particles coordinated with dodecanethiol are dispersed by irradiating ultrasonic waves in hexane to obtain a gold colloidal hexane solution.
- Carbon black is dispersed by irradiating it with ultrasonic waves in a hexane solution.
- ultrasonic waves of 33 to 40 kHz are irradiated for 1 hour each to disperse them.
- Both solutions are mixed and stirred at room temperature for, for example, 12 hours to support the gold fine particles coordinated with dodecanethiol on carbon black. Gold fine particles are supported on carbon by the stirring.
- ultrasonic waves may be applied for 10 to 30 minutes.
- a gold-supported carbon catalyst in which alkanethiol is coordinated with a coverage of 10 to 70% and gold fine particles having an average particle size of 1.0 to 1.5 nm are supported on carbon black is obtained.
- the amount of carbon with respect to the amount of gold it is possible to produce gold-supported carbon having a gold-supporting ratio of 5 to 70 wt.%.
- a small amount of water absorbed by the carbon black during handling is removed when the carbon black is irradiated with ultrasonic waves in hexane.
- the alkanethiol coverage is preferably 10 to 70%, more preferably 15 to 65%.
- Example 1 An aqueous solution of chloroauric acid (HAuCl 4.4H 2 O) in which 21 g was dissolved in 10 g of pure water and a solution in which 42.9 g of tetraoctyl ammonium bromide (correlation transfer agent) was dissolved in 693 g of toluene were mixed and stirred at room temperature. ..
- the gold fine particle processing step is performed. That is, a process of removing excess tetraoctyl ammonium bromide and dodecane thiol and removing relatively large gold fine particles from the gold-containing precipitate is performed.
- the obtained gold fine particles coordinated with dodecanethiol were dispersed by irradiating 100 mL of hexane with ultrasonic waves at 40 kHz for 30 minutes to obtain a colloidal gold hexane solution.
- the solution was filtered through a glass filter and dried at 60 ° C. to obtain a gold-supported carbon catalyst of Example 1 having a gold-supporting ratio of 10.8 wt.%.
- the average particle size of the gold particles of the produced gold-supported carbon catalyst was 1.4 nm, and the standard deviation was 0.60.
- the surface coverage of the coordinated dodecanethiol gold particles was 17%.
- the number of gold fine particles (A) as the average particle size and the number of alkanethiol molecules (B) coordinated to the gold fine particles per 1 g of the gold-supported carbon catalyst are obtained from the following formulas, respectively, and the alkanethiol per gold fine particle is obtained.
- the gold particle surface coverage (D) of alkanethiol was calculated from Equation 3.
- Example 2 A gold-supported carbon catalyst of Example 2 was obtained by the same production method as in Example 1 except that 31.2 mL of dodecane thiol in Example 1 was changed to 39.4 mL of hexadecane thiol.
- the gold-supported carbon catalyst produced had a gold-supporting ratio of 10.5 wt.%, The average particle size of the gold fine particles was 1.4 nm, and the standard deviation was 0.55.
- the surface coverage of the coordinated hexadecanethiol gold particles was 58%.
- Comparative Example 1 a gold-supported carbon catalyst having a gold-supporting ratio of 7.6 wt.% was obtained by supporting it on carbon black by the method of Example 1 except that the gold fine particle treatment step was not performed.
- Comparative example 2 In Comparative Example 2, a gold-supported carbon catalyst having an average particle diameter of 1.6 nm was obtained by evaporating hexadecanethiol by heat-treating the gold-supported carbon catalyst obtained in Example 2 at 200 ° C. for 1 hour.
- FIG. 1 shows a TEM image of Example 1. From the TEM image, it can be seen that a catalyst in which gold fine particles having a particle size of 1.0 to 1.5 nm are uniformly dispersed on carbon black without agglomeration is obtained.
- the gold particle surface coverage of alkanethiol in Comparative Example 1 in Table 1 was obtained by Equation 3, a value of 100% or more was obtained, but it was expressed as 100%. It is considered that this is because the excess alkanethiol was entangled with the alkanethiol coordinated to the surface of the gold fine particles by not performing the gold fine particle treatment step.
- Adhesion strength evaluation The adhesion strength between the gold fine particles and the carbon black carrier in the gold-supported carbon catalyst was evaluated. The adhesion strength was evaluated by irradiating the gold-supported carbon in hexane with ultrasonic waves at 40 kHz for 30 minutes and comparing the gold-supported rates before and after the ultrasonic wave irradiation. The gold-supported carbon catalyst after ultrasonic irradiation was recovered by glass filter filtration. The gold loading ratio of each sample was determined from the mass spectrometric value of gold and the mass of the gold-supporting carbon catalyst.
- Example 1 no change in the gold loading ratio was observed before and after the ultrasonic test, indicating that the adhesion strength between the gold fine particles coordinated with dodecanethiol and the carbon black carrier was strong.
- Comparative Example 1 it was found that the adhesion strength was insufficient because the loading rate after the ultrasonic test was reduced. This is because the unreacted tetraoctylammonium bromide and dodecanethiol attached to the gold fine particles coordinated with dodecanethiol adversely affect the bond between the functional group of carbon black and the alkanethiol coordinated with the gold fine particles. I think.
- Example 1 in which the gold fine particle treatment step was performed, the gold carrying ratio before the ultrasonic test was higher than in Comparative Example 1 in which the gold fine particle treatment step was not performed. It is considered that the carrying speed at which the fine particles are carried on the carbon increases.
- Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 were evaluated in an accelerated test in which the agglomeration of gold fine particles progressing during the use of a gold-supported carbon catalyst was heated at 300 ° C. for 1 hour. The results are shown in Table 3.
- Comparative Example 2 agglomeration of gold fine particles progressed, and the average particle size after the acceleration test increased significantly to 5.2 nm, whereas in Example 1 in which dodecanthiol was coordinated, the average particle size was 2.8 nm. It can be seen that the aggregation of gold fine particles is suppressed.
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Abstract
Description
加えて、金微粒子に配位したアルカンチオールは立体障害物となって触媒使用時の金微粒子の凝集を抑制し、触媒の機能低下を抑制し、高耐久化に寄与すると考える。
なお、取扱い時にカーボンブラックに吸湿される微量の水は、上記カーボンブラックをヘキサン中での超音波照射時に除去される。
塩化金酸(HAuCl4・4H2O)21gを純水10gに溶解した塩化金酸水溶液とテトラオクチルアンモニウムブロマイド(相関移動剤)42.9gをトルエン693gに溶解した溶液とを室温で混合・撹拌した。
TEM観察(加速電圧200kV、倍率100万倍)を行い、撮影した写真の金微粒子の粒子径を測り、平均粒子径および標準偏差を算出した。
金担持カーボン触媒1g当たりの、平均粒子径としての金微粒子数(A)と金微粒子に配位しているアルカンチオール分子数(B)を下式よりそれぞれ求め、金微粒子1個当たりのアルカンチオールの分子数(C=B/A)を算出した。その値(C)を用いて式3よりアルカンチオールの金粒子表面被覆率(D)を算出した。
式1 A=(触媒1g当たりの金担持量)÷{(平均粒径の金粒子1個の体積)÷(金原子
1個の体積)×197÷(6.02×1023)}
式2 B=X÷(アルカンチオール1モルの質量)×6.02×1023
X:金担持カーボン触媒1gの300℃で熱処理前後の質量減少量
式3 D=π(硫黄の原子半径)2×C÷(平均粒径の金粒子1個の表面積)×100
実施例1のドデカンチオール31.2mLをヘキサデカンチオール39.4mLに変更したことを除き、実施例1と同様の製造方法で実施例2の金担持カーボン触媒を得た。生成した金担持カーボン触媒の金担持率は10.5wt.% 、金微粒子の平均粒子径は1.4nm 、標準偏差0.55であった。配位したヘキサデカンチオールの金粒子表面被覆率は58%であった。
比較例1は、金微粒子処理工程を行わない以外は実施例1の方法でカーボンブラックに担持させ、金担持率7.6wt.%の金担持カーボン触媒を得た。
比較例2は、実施例2で得られた金担持カーボン触媒を200℃、1時間の熱処理でヘキサデカンチオールを蒸発させた平均粒子径1.6nmの金担持カーボン触媒を得た。
表1の比較例1におけるアルカンチオールの金粒子表面被覆率を式3で求めると100%以上の値が得られたが、100%と表記した。これは金微粒子処理工程を行わないことで、金微粒子表面に配位したアルカンチオールに余剰なアルカンチオールが絡みついたためと考えられる。
金担持カーボン触媒における金微粒子とカーボンブラック担体との密着強度を評価した。密着強度の評価は、ヘキサン中の金担持カーボンに、40kHzの超音波を30分間照射し、超音波照射の前後の金担持率を比較することにより行った。超音波照射後の金担持カーボン触媒はガラスフィルターろ過で回収した。
なお、各試料の金担持率は、金の質量分析値と金担持カーボン触媒の質量より求めた。
金担持カーボン触媒の使用中に進行する金微粒子の凝集を300℃、1時間加熱する加速試験で実施例1と比較例2を評価した。その結果を表3に示す。
比較例2は、金微粒子の凝集が進行し、加速試験後の平均粒子径が5.2nmと大きく増加したのに対し、ドデカンチオールが配位している実施例1は、平均粒子径が2.8nmと金微粒子の凝集を抑制していることがわかる。
Claims (3)
- アルカンチオールが被覆率10~70%で配位し、平均粒径1.0~1.5nmの金微粒子をカーボンブラックに担持した金担持カーボン触媒。
- アルカンチオールがドデカンチオールまたはヘキサデカンチオールであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の金担持カーボン触媒。
- 塩化金酸水溶液と相関移動剤を含む有機溶媒溶液を混合した後、液相分離して得られた有機溶媒溶液相にアルカンチオールを混合し、その混合した溶液に還元剤を含む水溶液を混合し、アルカンチオールが配位した金微粒子を得る金微粒子生成工程と、
前記アルカンチオールが配位した金微粒子をヘキサンに分散させ、さらに、極性有機溶媒を加え混合した後、前記アルカンチオールが配位した金微粒子を遠心分離する一連の操作を複数回繰り返す金微粒子処理工程と、
前記金微粒子処理工程後の前記アルカンチオールが配位した金微粒子をヘキサンに分散させた溶液とカーボンブラックをヘキサンに分散させた溶液とを混合することで、前記アルカンチオールが配位した金微粒子をカーボンブラックに担持させる金微粒子担持工程と、
を含むことを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の金担持カーボン触媒の製造方法。
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