WO2005120708A1 - 触媒の製造方法 - Google Patents
触媒の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005120708A1 WO2005120708A1 PCT/JP2005/006344 JP2005006344W WO2005120708A1 WO 2005120708 A1 WO2005120708 A1 WO 2005120708A1 JP 2005006344 W JP2005006344 W JP 2005006344W WO 2005120708 A1 WO2005120708 A1 WO 2005120708A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- carrier
- fine particles
- metal fine
- metal
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 21
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 30
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 21
- 239000002048 multi walled nanotube Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 17
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 7
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010306 acid treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000012279 sodium borohydride Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910000033 sodium borohydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 5
- ZQXIMYREBUZLPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-aminoethanethiol Chemical compound CC(N)S ZQXIMYREBUZLPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- -1 aminododecane thiol Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000002140 halogenating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000026030 halogenation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005658 halogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910001111 Fine metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical class C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- VRVRGVPWCUEOGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminothiophenol Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1S VRVRGVPWCUEOGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001260 Pt alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000929 Ru alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000002134 carbon nanofiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012018 catalyst precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- YADSGOSSYOOKMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxolead Chemical compound O=[Pb]=O YADSGOSSYOOKMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002109 single walled nanotube Substances 0.000 description 2
- FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N thionyl chloride Chemical compound ClS(Cl)=O FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QLOKJRIVRGCVIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[(4-methylsulfanylphenyl)methyl]piperazine Chemical compound C1=CC(SC)=CC=C1CN1CCNCC1 QLOKJRIVRGCVIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RDYNOBRVAXWVOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-sulfanyldodecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)S RDYNOBRVAXWVOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VMKYTRPNOVFCGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-sulfanylphenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1S VMKYTRPNOVFCGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004931 aggregating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001555 benzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940092714 benzenesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000003060 catalysis inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- RCTYPNKXASFOBE-UHFFFAOYSA-M chloromercury Chemical compound [Hg]Cl RCTYPNKXASFOBE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002484 cyclic voltammetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- DNJIEGIFACGWOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl mercaptane Natural products CCS DNJIEGIFACGWOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052809 inorganic oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012280 lithium aluminium hydride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002071 nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000053 physical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K ruthenium(iii) chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ru+3] YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- GXDPEHGCHUDUFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylmethanol Chemical compound OCS GXDPEHGCHUDUFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RSPCKAHMRANGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiohydroxylamine Chemical compound SN RSPCKAHMRANGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N β‐Mercaptoethanol Chemical compound OCCS DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/1616—Coordination complexes, e.g. organometallic complexes, immobilised on an inorganic support, e.g. ship-in-a-bottle type catalysts
- B01J31/1625—Coordination complexes, e.g. organometallic complexes, immobilised on an inorganic support, e.g. ship-in-a-bottle type catalysts immobilised by covalent linkages, i.e. pendant complexes with optional linking groups
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/18—Carbon
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/22—Organic complexes
- B01J31/2204—Organic complexes the ligands containing oxygen or sulfur as complexing atoms
- B01J31/226—Sulfur, e.g. thiocarbamates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/581—Chalcogenides or intercalation compounds thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
- H01M4/923—Compounds thereof with non-metallic elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2231/00—Catalytic reactions performed with catalysts classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2231/70—Oxidation reactions, e.g. epoxidation, (di)hydroxylation, dehydrogenation and analogues
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2531/80—Complexes comprising metals of Group VIII as the central metal
- B01J2531/82—Metals of the platinum group
- B01J2531/821—Ruthenium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2531/80—Complexes comprising metals of Group VIII as the central metal
- B01J2531/82—Metals of the platinum group
- B01J2531/828—Platinum
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/396—Distribution of the active metal ingredient
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a catalyst. More specifically, the present invention relates to a catalyst electrode for a fuel cell, a composite electrode for a capacitor and a secondary battery, and a method for producing a catalyst useful for a catalyst for organic synthesis and a catalyst for environmental purification.
- a catalytic reaction is a reaction that mainly occurs on the surface of a catalyst. Since catalytic activity is determined by the surface area of the catalyst, it is necessary to highly disperse the catalyst using a carrier.
- a method for dispersing a catalyst in a highly dispersed state includes a method for improving the method for producing catalyst particles (for example, see Patent Document 1) and a method for modifying the surface of a carrier (for example, see Patent Document 2). ).
- a method for improving the method for producing the catalyst particles a chemical method and a physical method for highly dispersing metal fine particles have been reported.
- a method of modifying the surface of the support a method of increasing the surface area through an oxidation treatment, a method of producing a carbon support having a new structure, and the like are known.
- Patent Document 1 JP 2003-147642 A
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-261213 Disclosure of the invention
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described conventional technology, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a catalyst in which metal fine particles are prevented from aggregating on a catalyst carrier and the metal fine particles are supported on the catalyst carrier in a highly dispersed state. It is an object to provide a manufacturing method.
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a catalyst, wherein a metal atom is supported on a carrier having a thiol group introduced on the surface.
- FIG. 1 is a TEM photograph of the catalyst obtained in Example 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a TEM photograph of the catalyst obtained in Example 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a TEM photograph of the catalyst obtained in Example 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a TEM photograph of the catalyst obtained in Example 4 of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a TEM photograph of the catalyst obtained in Comparative Example 1 showing the prior art.
- FIG. 6 is a view showing an evaluation result of oxygen reduction reactivity in Experimental Example 1.
- the thiolated carrier is used, so that the thiol group is strongly adsorbed on the surface of the metal fine particles when supported through reduction of the catalyst precursor.
- the metal particles are effectively prevented from agglomeration.
- a catalyst in which metal fine particles are dispersed in a highly dispersed state on the surface is obtained.
- a catalyst in which metal fine particles are present in a highly dispersed state on its surface is obtained because a thiol group adsorbs a metal, especially a noble metal, and It is considered to be based on the fact that
- the carrier used in the present invention includes, for example, a carbon carrier, an oxide carrier and the like, and all of these carriers can be suitably used in the present invention. Of these, carbon supports are more preferred.
- the carbon carrier is not particularly limited as long as it is generally used for a catalyst.
- Specific examples of carbon carriers include multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT), single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT), carbon nanofibers (CNF), carbon black (CB), activated carbon (AC), and activated carbon nanofibers (ACF).
- MWNT multi-walled carbon nanotubes
- SWNT single-walled carbon nanotubes
- CNF carbon nanofibers
- CB carbon black
- AC activated carbon
- ACF activated carbon nanofibers
- the present invention is not limited only to such an example.
- the oxide carrier is not particularly limited as long as it is generally used for a catalyst.
- Specific examples of oxide carriers include inorganic oxides such as silica, alumina, and zeolite.
- the present invention is not limited to only powerful examples.
- the size and shape of the support are preferably selected appropriately according to the use of the catalyst, which is not particularly limited.
- a thiol group can be introduced on the surface of the carrier, for example, as follows.
- the carrier is subjected to an oxidation treatment.
- the oxidation treatment is a pretreatment for halogenating the surface of the carrier in the next step.
- the oxidation treatment of the carrier is performed by, for example, subjecting the carrier to an acid treatment, or oxidizing the surface of the carrier by heating the carrier in an atmosphere in which oxygen exists, such as in air. be able to.
- an inorganic acid such as sulfuric acid, nitric acid, or hydrochloric acid
- an organic acid such as benzenesulfonic acid, potassium permanganate, hydrogen peroxide, potassium chromate, lead dioxide, oxidized
- An oxidizing agent such as copper can be used, and these may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Machine acid and potassium permanganate are preferred.
- the temperature at which the carrier is subjected to the acid treatment is usually preferably 300 to 700 ° C, more preferably 400 to 500 ° C, in consideration of the efficiency of the acid treatment and safety.
- the time required for the acid treatment varies depending on the type of the carrier, the treatment temperature of the acid treatment, and the like, and cannot be unconditionally determined, but is usually within 2 hours.
- the carrier when oxidizing the surface of the carrier, the carrier may be heated in an atmosphere in which oxygen exists, such as in air.
- the heating temperature of the carrier cannot be unconditionally determined because it varies depending on the material of the carrier and the like, but for example, when the carrier is a carbon carrier, it is usually preferably 300 to 700 ° C, more preferably 400 to 700 ° C. ⁇ 500 ° C.
- a carboxyl group can be introduced to the surface of the carrier.
- the surface of the carrier is halogenated.
- a halogenating agent can be used for halogenation on the surface of the carrier.
- logenizing agent examples include, for example, salted tide, salted aluminum, mercury chloride, and the like.
- the present invention is not limited to only powerful examples.
- Halogenation of the surface of the carrier can be carried out, for example, by stirring the carrier and the halogenating agent at an appropriate temperature and time using a halogenating agent.
- the temperature at the time of halogenation may be usually about 50 to about LOO ° C.
- the time required for halogenation is not particularly limited, and may be generally 12 hours or less.
- a thiol group is introduced by thiolyzing the surface of the halogenated carrier.
- Powerful methods include organic chemical methods and mechanochemical methods.
- organic chemical method include a method of reacting a halogenated carrier with a thiolating agent.
- thiolating agent examples include a carbon number such as aminoalkanethiol having 1 to 12 carbon atoms such as amino thiol, aminoethane thiol and aminododecane thiol, mercapto methanol, mercapto ethanol and mercapto dodecanol. 1-12 mercaps Examples thereof include benzene derivatives such as alcohol, aminothiophenol and mercaptophenol, but the present invention is not limited only to powerful examples.
- the reaction between the halogenated carrier and the thiolating agent can be carried out, for example, by bringing the two into contact.
- the reaction temperature is preferably about 50-100 ° C from the viewpoint of reaction efficiency.
- the reaction time varies depending on the reaction conditions such as the reaction temperature and the like and cannot be unconditionally determined, but is usually within 24 hours.
- a carrier having a thiol group introduced into the surface can be obtained.
- the obtained support is loaded with metal fine particles.
- the present invention is not limited by the type as long as the metal used for the metal fine particles is a metal having catalytic activity.
- metals include precious metals such as gold and platinum, and metals having electrocatalytic activity such as iron, cobalt, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, and ruthenium. It may be used as an alloy.
- Examples of a method of supporting the metal fine particles on the carrier include a method of supporting the metal precursor by reducing the metal precursor by a liquid reduction method.
- a method of supporting the metal precursor by reducing the metal precursor by a liquid reduction method For example, when platinum is used as a metal, for example, chloroplatinic acid is used as a platinum precursor, and a carrier having a thiol group introduced on its surface is mixed with chloroplatinic acid by applying ultrasonic waves or stirring. After sufficient contact, reduction with a reducing agent allows platinum to be supported on the carrier.
- Examples of the reducing agent include sodium borohydride and lithium aluminum hydride.
- the present invention is not limited to only powerful examples.
- the amount of reducing agent is usually adjusted in excess to the metal precursor, for example from 1.5 to LOmol per mol of metal precursor! /.
- a catalyst is obtained in which metal atoms are supported on a carrier having a thiol group introduced on the surface. On the surface of the catalyst, metal fine particles are supported in a highly dispersed state without aggregation of the metal fine particles.
- the particle diameter of the fine metal particles supported on the catalyst surface is not particularly limited, but is usually preferably about 1 to 3 nm.
- the amount of metal particles attached to the catalyst is Usually, it is preferably about 10 to 60% (mass ratio) of the carrier from the viewpoint of the catalytic activity and the like, which vary depending on the number of thiol groups present on the surface of the carrier.
- the amount of metal particles attached to the catalyst can be easily adjusted by, for example, adjusting the number of thiol groups to be introduced onto the surface of the carrier or adjusting the amount of metal particles attached.
- the particle diameter of the metal fine particles can be controlled in accordance with desired characteristics required for the catalyst.
- the particle size of the metal fine particles can be controlled by subjecting the catalyst on which the metal fine particles are supported to a heat treatment. For example, when a catalyst carrying metal fine particles is subjected to a heat treatment, thiol groups on the surface of a carrier (for example, carbon nanotubes) are removed, and at that time, adjacent metal fine particles are integrated. The size can be controlled extremely uniformly since the size is adjusted.
- the heat treatment of the catalyst supporting the metal fine particles is performed, for example, at a temperature of 150 to 350 ° C, preferably 200 to 300 ° C, more preferably about 250 ° C, within 2 hours, preferably 5 to 40 ° C.
- the heating can be carried out by heating in a hydrogen atmosphere for a minute, more preferably for 10 to 30 minutes, and even more preferably for 15 to 25 minutes.
- the heating temperature and the heating time when performing the heat treatment on the catalyst supporting the metal fine particles can be adjusted.
- a thiol-doped carrier is used, and the thiol group strongly adsorbs the metal fine particles. Aggregation is prevented, and a catalyst in which metal fine particles are supported in a highly dispersed state on a catalyst carrier can be produced.
- the catalyst obtained by the production method of the present invention has metal particles in a highly dispersed state on its surface, it is suitable for a catalyst electrode of a fuel cell, a composite electrode of a capacitor and a secondary battery, for example. It can be used for:
- Example 1 After lOOmg of the multi-walled carbon nanotubes were oxidized with 6M nitric acid at 70 ° C for 1 hour, 25 mL of thiol chloride was added to the multi-walled carbon nanotubes, and the mixture was stirred at 70 ° C for 12 hours, whereby the surface of the multi-walled carbon nanotubes was Chlorinated.
- the surface of the multi-walled carbon nanotube was thiolated, and a carbon support having a thiol group introduced on the surface was obtained.
- FIG. 1 shows a transmission electron microscope (hereinafter referred to as TEM) photograph of the obtained catalyst.
- the scale is represented by a horizontal line at the lower right of FIG. 1, and the length of the straight line corresponds to 25 nm.
- the surface of the multi-walled carbon nanotube was thiolated, and a carbon support having a thiol group introduced on the surface was obtained.
- FIG. 2 shows a TEM photograph of the obtained catalyst.
- the scale is represented by a horizontal line at the lower right of FIG. 2, and the length of the straight line corresponds to 25 nm.
- the surface of the multi-walled carbon nanotube was thiol-reacted by reacting the chlorinated multi-walled carbon nanotube with aminothiophenol at 70 ° C for 36 hours to introduce a thiol group into the surface.
- a carbon support was obtained.
- FIG. 3 shows a TEM photograph of the obtained catalyst.
- the scale is represented by a horizontal line at the lower right of FIG. 3, and the length of the straight line corresponds to 25 nm.
- Carbon black [Product name: Vulcan XC-72R, manufactured by America's Carbot, Inc.] 1
- chlorinated carbon black and aminoethanethiol are reacted at 70 ° C. for 24 hours to thiolrich the surface of the carbon black to obtain a carbon support having a thiol group introduced on the surface.
- FIG. 4 shows a TEM photograph of the obtained catalyst.
- the scale is represented by a horizontal line in the lower right of FIG. 4, and the length of the straight line corresponds to 25 nm.
- the catalyst obtained in Example 1 was subjected to heat treatment in a hydrogen atmosphere while changing the heat treatment temperature.
- the heat treatment temperature was changed to 400 ° C. and the catalyst was heat-treated in the same manner as above, after 10 minutes, metal fine particles having a particle diameter of about 2 nm were present on the catalyst surface.
- the heat treatment temperature was changed to 500 ° C. and the catalyst was heat-treated in the same manner as above, after 10 minutes, fine metal particles having a particle diameter of about 3 nm were present on the catalyst surface.
- Example 5 by performing heat treatment on the catalyst while adjusting the heating time at a predetermined heating temperature, the particle diameter force of the minimum lnm was reduced to the particle diameter of the predetermined size. It can be seen that metal particles can be grown and controlled very uniformly.
- FIG. 5 shows a TEM photograph of the obtained catalyst.
- the scale is represented by a horizontal line at the lower right of FIG. 5, and the length of the straight line corresponds to 25 nm.
- Example 5 2 mg of the catalyst obtained in Example 5 and 0.02 mL of Navion were dispersed in 10 mL of distilled water, and the resulting slurry (0.2 OlmL) was used as a rotating disk electrode (RDE) electrode (diameter 3 mm, made of glass carbon). After coating on both sides, the electrode was manufactured by drying.
- RDE rotating disk electrode
- the catalyst obtained by the production method of the present invention can be suitably used, for example, as a catalyst electrode for a fuel cell, a composite electrode for a capacitor / secondary battery, a catalyst for organic synthesis, a catalyst for environmental purification, and the like. You can do it.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP05728021A EP1772190A4 (en) | 2004-06-11 | 2005-03-31 | PROCESS FOR PREPARING A CATALYST |
US11/628,972 US20080200329A1 (en) | 2004-06-11 | 2005-03-31 | Method for Producing Catalyst |
CA002569521A CA2569521A1 (en) | 2004-06-11 | 2005-03-31 | Method for producing catalyst |
JP2006514418A JP4182231B2 (ja) | 2004-06-11 | 2005-03-31 | 触媒の製造方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2004-174229 | 2004-06-11 | ||
JP2004174229 | 2004-06-11 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2005120708A1 true WO2005120708A1 (ja) | 2005-12-22 |
Family
ID=35502875
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2005/006344 WO2005120708A1 (ja) | 2004-06-11 | 2005-03-31 | 触媒の製造方法 |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20080200329A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1772190A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4182231B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20070028528A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1964786A (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2569521A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2005120708A1 (ja) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2007099449A2 (en) * | 2006-03-01 | 2007-09-07 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Manufacture method for supported metal catalyst |
JP2010010623A (ja) * | 2008-06-30 | 2010-01-14 | Chubu Electric Power Co Inc | 電気化学キャパシタ及びその製造方法 |
JPWO2022118612A1 (ja) * | 2020-12-02 | 2022-06-09 |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9331341B2 (en) | 2010-03-17 | 2016-05-03 | Arizona Board Of Regents, Acting For And On Behalf Of Arizona State University | Durable platinum/multi-walled carbon nanotube catalysts |
DE102010062184B3 (de) * | 2010-11-30 | 2012-04-19 | Technische Universität Dresden | Verfahren zur Metallbeschichtung von Nanopartikeln mittels stromloser Abscheidetechniken |
CN105482510A (zh) * | 2015-12-20 | 2016-04-13 | 高大元 | 一种纳米伊利石载铂塑料抗菌剂的制备方法 |
KR102484931B1 (ko) | 2016-12-30 | 2023-01-04 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 물질 전달성능이 향상된 캐소드 전극의 제조방법 및 이에 의해 제조된 캐소드 전극 |
CN114361488A (zh) * | 2021-12-23 | 2022-04-15 | 深圳市氢瑞燃料电池科技有限公司 | 一种铂基催化层及其制备方法与应用 |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3367888A (en) * | 1963-08-19 | 1968-02-06 | Universal Oil Prod Co | Treatment of combustible waste products and catalyst therefor |
JPS61114741A (ja) * | 1984-11-07 | 1986-06-02 | ヘキスト・アクチエンゲゼルシヤフト | モノカルボン酸無水物を製造するための担持触媒 |
US20020111515A1 (en) * | 2001-02-05 | 2002-08-15 | Dieter Arlt | Process for the preparation of non-chiral and optically active organic compounds containing hydroxyl groups |
JP2005087989A (ja) * | 2003-08-08 | 2005-04-07 | Hitachi Ltd | 触媒材料及びその作製方法とそれを用いた燃料電池 |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1112224B1 (en) * | 1998-09-18 | 2009-08-19 | William Marsh Rice University | Chemical derivatization of single-wall carbon nanotubes to facilitate solvation thereof; and use of derivatized nanotubes |
GB0021301D0 (en) * | 2000-08-30 | 2000-10-18 | Borealis Tech Oy | Supported catalyst |
JP2002208768A (ja) * | 2001-01-12 | 2002-07-26 | Hitachi Ltd | ポリイミド基体への金属メッキ膜形成方法 |
JP4908846B2 (ja) * | 2002-10-31 | 2012-04-04 | 三星電子株式会社 | 炭素ナノチューブ含有燃料電池電極 |
-
2005
- 2005-03-31 WO PCT/JP2005/006344 patent/WO2005120708A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2005-03-31 US US11/628,972 patent/US20080200329A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-03-31 JP JP2006514418A patent/JP4182231B2/ja active Active
- 2005-03-31 EP EP05728021A patent/EP1772190A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-03-31 CN CNA2005800187568A patent/CN1964786A/zh active Pending
- 2005-03-31 CA CA002569521A patent/CA2569521A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-03-31 KR KR1020077000610A patent/KR20070028528A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3367888A (en) * | 1963-08-19 | 1968-02-06 | Universal Oil Prod Co | Treatment of combustible waste products and catalyst therefor |
JPS61114741A (ja) * | 1984-11-07 | 1986-06-02 | ヘキスト・アクチエンゲゼルシヤフト | モノカルボン酸無水物を製造するための担持触媒 |
US20020111515A1 (en) * | 2001-02-05 | 2002-08-15 | Dieter Arlt | Process for the preparation of non-chiral and optically active organic compounds containing hydroxyl groups |
JP2005087989A (ja) * | 2003-08-08 | 2005-04-07 | Hitachi Ltd | 触媒材料及びその作製方法とそれを用いた燃料電池 |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
---|
CHOUDARY B M ET AL: "A new bifunctional catalyst for tandem Heck-asymmetric dihydroxylation of olefins.", CHEM COMM., no. 6, 2002, pages 586 - 587, XP002995836 * |
See also references of EP1772190A4 * |
SHIMIZU K ET AL: "FSM-16 koteika Pd Shokubai ni yoru Cross Coupling Hanno.", vol. 46, 10 September 2004 (2004-09-10), pages 533 - 535, XP002995837 * |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2007099449A2 (en) * | 2006-03-01 | 2007-09-07 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Manufacture method for supported metal catalyst |
WO2007099449A3 (en) * | 2006-03-01 | 2007-11-15 | Toyota Motor Co Ltd | Manufacture method for supported metal catalyst |
KR100968239B1 (ko) | 2006-03-01 | 2010-07-06 | 도요타 지도샤(주) | 금속 담지 촉매의 제조 방법 |
JP2010010623A (ja) * | 2008-06-30 | 2010-01-14 | Chubu Electric Power Co Inc | 電気化学キャパシタ及びその製造方法 |
JPWO2022118612A1 (ja) * | 2020-12-02 | 2022-06-09 | ||
WO2022118612A1 (ja) * | 2020-12-02 | 2022-06-09 | 石福金属興業株式会社 | 金担持カーボン触媒およびその製造方法 |
JP7181541B2 (ja) | 2020-12-02 | 2022-12-01 | 石福金属興業株式会社 | 金担持カーボン触媒およびその製造方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20080200329A1 (en) | 2008-08-21 |
JP4182231B2 (ja) | 2008-11-19 |
EP1772190A1 (en) | 2007-04-11 |
CN1964786A (zh) | 2007-05-16 |
EP1772190A4 (en) | 2007-10-10 |
KR20070028528A (ko) | 2007-03-12 |
JPWO2005120708A1 (ja) | 2008-04-03 |
CA2569521A1 (en) | 2005-12-22 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
Atar et al. | Silver, gold, and silver@ gold nanoparticle-anchored l-cysteine-functionalized reduced graphene oxide as electrocatalyst for methanol oxidation | |
Vinayan et al. | Catalytic activity of platinum–cobalt alloy nanoparticles decorated functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes for oxygen reduction reaction in PEMFC | |
Ramulifho et al. | Fast microwave-assisted solvothermal synthesis of metal nanoparticles (Pd, Ni, Sn) supported on sulfonated MWCNTs: Pd-based bimetallic catalysts for ethanol oxidation in alkaline medium | |
Rathod et al. | Platinum nanoparticle decoration of carbon materials with applications in non-enzymatic glucose sensing | |
Ahmadi et al. | Synthesis and characterization of Pt nanoparticles on sulfur-modified carbon nanotubes for methanol oxidation | |
JP5470509B2 (ja) | 電極用白金クラスター及びその製造方法 | |
WO2005120708A1 (ja) | 触媒の製造方法 | |
Liu et al. | Highly graphitic carbon black-supported platinum nanoparticle catalyst and its enhanced electrocatalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction in acidic medium | |
JP4934799B2 (ja) | スポンジ状白金ナノシートをカーボンに担持せしめてなる白金−カーボン複合体とその製造方法 | |
Zhao et al. | Development of a highly active electrocatalyst via ultrafine Pd nanoparticles dispersed on pristine graphene | |
Nassr et al. | Electrocatalytic oxidation of formic acid on Pd/MWCNTs nanocatalysts prepared by the polyol method | |
Jiang et al. | Worm-like PtP nanocrystals supported on NiCo2Px/C composites for enhanced methanol electrooxidation performance | |
WO2008138269A1 (fr) | Nanotube de nitrure de carbone chargé avec un catalyseur d'électrode à nanoparticules de platine et de ruthénium et sa préparation | |
Reddy et al. | Ultrafine Pt–Ru bimetallic nanoparticles anchored on reduced graphene oxide sheets as highly active electrocatalysts for methanol oxidation | |
Waqas et al. | Controlled fabrication of nickel and cerium mixed nano-oxides supported on carbon nanotubes for glucose monitoring | |
Wang et al. | Synthesis of ultrafine low loading Pd–Cu alloy catalysts supported on graphene with excellent electrocatalytic performance for formic acid oxidation | |
Jeong et al. | One-pot synthesis of Au@ Pd/graphene nanostructures: electrocatalytic ethanol oxidation for direct alcohol fuel cells (DAFCs) | |
Liu et al. | Facile in-situ formation of high efficiency nanocarbon supported tungsten carbide nanocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction | |
Zhang et al. | Facile synthesis of Pd supported on Shewanella as an efficient catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction | |
JP2007217194A (ja) | 表面修飾カーボンナノ材料及びPt系触媒の製造方法 | |
Gu et al. | A ternary nanooxide NiO-TiO2-ZrO2/SO42− as efficient solid superacid catalysts for electro-oxidation of glucose | |
Reyes-Cruzaley et al. | Synthesis of novel Pd NP-PTH-CNTs hybrid material as catalyst for H2O2 generation | |
Yoon et al. | Novel GaPtMnP alloy based anodic electrocatalyst with excellent catalytic features for direct ethanol fuel cells | |
Mohammed et al. | Synthesis of mesoporous nickel ferrite nanoparticles by use of citrate framework methodology and application for electrooxidation of glucose in alkaline media | |
Rajesh et al. | The promotional effect of Ag in Pd‐Ag/carbon nanotube‐graphene electrocatalysts for alcohol and formic acid oxidation reactions |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BW BY BZ CA CH CN CO CR CU CZ DE DK DM DZ EC EE EG ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MG MK MN MW MX MZ NA NI NO NZ OM PG PH PL PT RO RU SC SD SE SG SK SL SM SY TJ TM TN TR TT TZ UA UG US UZ VC VN YU ZA ZM ZW |
|
AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): BW GH GM KE LS MW MZ NA SD SL SZ TZ UG ZM ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LT LU MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GQ GW ML MR NE SN TD TG |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
DPEN | Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed from 20040101) | ||
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2569521 Country of ref document: CA |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2006514418 Country of ref document: JP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 11628972 Country of ref document: US Ref document number: 200580018756.8 Country of ref document: CN |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2005728021 Country of ref document: EP |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
WWW | Wipo information: withdrawn in national office |
Ref document number: DE |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 1020077000610 Country of ref document: KR |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 1020077000610 Country of ref document: KR |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 2005728021 Country of ref document: EP |