WO2022030056A1 - 液式鉛蓄電池 - Google Patents

液式鉛蓄電池 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022030056A1
WO2022030056A1 PCT/JP2021/017266 JP2021017266W WO2022030056A1 WO 2022030056 A1 WO2022030056 A1 WO 2022030056A1 JP 2021017266 W JP2021017266 W JP 2021017266W WO 2022030056 A1 WO2022030056 A1 WO 2022030056A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
bone
frame bone
bones
positive electrode
vertical
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/JP2021/017266
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English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
篤志 佐藤
真也 菅
英貴 萩原
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Furukawa Battery Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Furukawa Battery Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Furukawa Battery Co Ltd filed Critical Furukawa Battery Co Ltd
Priority to EP21853279.4A priority Critical patent/EP4195333A1/en
Priority to US18/018,009 priority patent/US20230275237A1/en
Priority to JP2022525114A priority patent/JPWO2022030056A1/ja
Priority to CN202180058439.8A priority patent/CN116134644B/zh
Publication of WO2022030056A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022030056A1/ja
Priority to JP2022195715A priority patent/JP7219366B1/ja
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
    • H01M4/72—Grids
    • H01M4/73—Grids for lead-acid accumulators, e.g. frame plates
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
    • H01M4/72—Grids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/06—Lead-acid accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/06—Lead-acid accumulators
    • H01M10/12—Construction or manufacture
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/14—Electrodes for lead-acid accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/14—Electrodes for lead-acid accumulators
    • H01M4/16—Processes of manufacture
    • H01M4/20—Processes of manufacture of pasted electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/66—Selection of materials
    • H01M4/68—Selection of materials for use in lead-acid accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/66—Selection of materials
    • H01M4/68—Selection of materials for use in lead-acid accumulators
    • H01M4/685—Lead alloys
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/82—Multi-step processes for manufacturing carriers for lead-acid accumulators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a liquid lead-acid battery.
  • a group of electrode plates of a general liquid lead-acid battery has a laminated body composed of a plurality of alternately arranged positive electrode plates and negative electrode plates, and separators arranged between the positive electrode plates and the negative electrode plates.
  • the positive electrode plate has a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode mixture containing a positive electrode active material, and the positive electrode active material contains lead dioxide.
  • the positive electrode current collector has a rectangular grid-like substrate and continuous ears on the grid-like substrate, and the positive electrode mixture is held on the grid-like substrate. The ears of the positive electrode current collectors of the plurality of positive electrode plates are connected by a positive electrode strap.
  • the negative electrode plate has a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode mixture containing a negative electrode active material, and the negative electrode active material contains metallic lead.
  • the negative electrode current collector has a rectangular grid-like substrate and continuous ears on the grid-like substrate, and the negative electrode mixture is held on the grid-like substrate.
  • the ears of the negative electrode current collectors of the plurality of negative electrode plates are connected by a negative electrode strap.
  • the positive electrode current collector and the negative electrode current collector are mainly made of lead or a lead alloy, and the openings of the lattice-shaped substrate are filled with the positive electrode mixture and the negative electrode mixture.
  • the lattice-shaped substrate there is a structure having a frame bone forming four sides of a rectangle and a plurality of middle bones connected to the frame bone and existing inside the frame bone.
  • the frame bones are an upper frame bone located on the upper side of the grid-like substrate and extending laterally, a lower frame bone located on the lower side of the grid-like substrate and extending laterally, and a pair of vertical frame bones extending in the vertical direction.
  • the ears project upward from a position offset from the longitudinal center of the superior frame bone closer to one of the pair of vertical frame bones.
  • the plurality of middle bones include a plurality of longitudinal middle bones extending from the upper frame bone toward the lower frame bone side, and a plurality of lateral middle bones connecting the pair of vertical frame bones.
  • the opening for filling the positive electrode mixture and the negative electrode mixture is formed only of the middle bone or is formed of the middle bone and the frame bone.
  • liquid lead-acid batteries for automobiles have become harsh in use due to an increase in electrical components of automobiles and improvement of fuel efficiency. Therefore, liquid lead-acid batteries for automobiles are required to have performance that can withstand harsh use.
  • idling stop vehicles ISS vehicles
  • the number of times automobiles are cranked is on the rise. Therefore, in particular, it is necessary to significantly improve the durability of the positive electrode plate as compared with the conventional product.
  • the paste containing lead powder used in one step of the method of manufacturing the positive electrode plate before chemical conversion and the positive electrode grid (lattice substrate of the positive electrode collector) have been improved. It is done.
  • the conventional general positive electrode grid has a simple grid shape in which all the longitudinal and transverse medial bones are orthogonal to each other.
  • the part of the positive electrode plate far from the ear (the part near the corner of the vertical frame bone and the lower frame bone on the side where the ear does not exist: diagonal area) is larger than the other parts. Due to the long current path, the resistance is high. That is, the positive electrode lattice having a simple lattice shape has a problem that the potential distribution in the plane is non-uniform.
  • the usage state of the positive electrode lattice becomes non-uniform in the plane, so that stratification and a state in which only the portion close to the ear is deteriorated (softened) occur, and the service life performance is deteriorated.
  • the positive electrode grid is formed in a shape in which all the vertical middle bones are spaced apart from the selvage in the left-right direction.
  • the path of the current from the diagonal area to the ear is shorter and the resistance is smaller than that of the simple grid shape, so that the in-plane potential distribution is better.
  • the area of the opening becomes larger as it is farther from the ear, so when vibration or impact is applied, such as when using it in a vehicle, the active material is likely to fall off, and the discharge capacity due to the fallen is reduced. Therefore, the life is likely to be shortened.
  • Patent Document 2 as a lattice substrate of a current collector constituting a liquid lead-acid battery, the tate-chu-bone on the side close to the ear extends perpendicular to the upper and lower frame bones, and the other tate-chu-bones. Describes a lattice body having a shape inclined so as to spread radially from a diagonal area. Further, the lattice body shown in FIG. 1 of Patent Document 2 has seven radial tate-chuo bones, three of which do not directly contact the upper frame bone and extend vertically. Is directly connected to.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a novel liquid lead-acid battery which has a good potential distribution of a positive electrode lattice and can obtain stable performance even in an application having a high extraction current.
  • a liquid-type lead-acid battery provided with a positive electrode plate having a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode mixture, and the positive electrode current collector has a rectangular grid-like substrate and continuous ears on the grid-like substrate.
  • the positive electrode mixture is held on the grid-like substrate.
  • the lattice-shaped substrate has a frame bone forming the four sides of the rectangle and a plurality of middle bones connected to the frame bone and existing inside the frame bone.
  • the frame bones are an upper frame bone located on the upper side of the grid-like substrate and extending in the horizontal direction, a lower frame bone located on the lower side of the grid-like substrate and extending in the horizontal direction, and a pair of vertical frames extending in the vertical direction.
  • the ears project upward from a position offset from the longitudinal center of the superior frame bone closer to one of the pair of vertical frame bones.
  • Multiple medial bones may be directed from one of the pair of vertical frame bones to the other side with multiple vertical middle bones from the upper frame bone to the lower frame bone side or from the lower frame bone to the upper frame bone side. It has a pair of longitudinal frame bones, with a plurality of transverse midribs extending from the other to one side.
  • the angle between the first vertical middle bone and the upper frame bone on the side of the first vertical frame bone is less than 90 °.
  • the connection point of the first tate-chuo bone with the upper frame bone exists only in the above range.
  • a novel liquid lead-acid battery in which the potential distribution of the positive electrode lattice is good and stable performance can be obtained even in an application having a high extraction current.
  • Convergence point of the line extending the first tate-chu-bone below the lower frame bone and the convergence point of the line extending the second tate-chu-bone above the upper frame bone in the positive electrode current collector of the second embodiment is a figure which shows. It is a front view which shows the positive electrode current collector which the liquid-type lead-acid battery which concerns on 3rd Embodiment of this invention has. Convergence point of the line extending the first tate-chu-bone below the lower frame bone and the convergence point of the line extending the second tate-chu-bone above the upper frame bone in the positive electrode current collector of the third embodiment. It is a figure which shows.
  • the liquid lead-acid battery according to the present embodiment includes a electrode plate group 1 in which a plurality of positive electrode plates 10 and a negative electrode plate 20 are alternately laminated via a ribbed separator 30.
  • the electrode plate group 1 is placed in the cell chamber of the electric tank 41 together with an electrolytic solution (not shown) so that the stacking direction thereof is along the horizontal direction (that is, the plate surfaces of the positive electrode plate 10 and the negative electrode plate 20 are along the vertical direction). It is housed and immersed in an electrolytic solution in the cell chamber of the electric tank 41.
  • the liquid lead-acid battery according to the present embodiment has a electrode plate group 1 and an electric tank 41 provided with a cell chamber for accommodating the electrode plate group 1 together with the electrolytic solution, and one cell chamber has one.
  • the electrode plate group 1 is accommodated, and the number of positive electrode plates 10 constituting the electrode plate group 1 is less than or equal to the number of negative electrode plates 20.
  • the number of positive electrode plates 10 may be the same as the number of negative electrode plates 20, or may be larger than the number of negative electrode plates 20.
  • the positive electrode plate 10 has a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode mixture containing a positive electrode active material, and the positive electrode active material contains lead dioxide.
  • the positive electrode current collector has a rectangular grid-like substrate and ears 11 continuous with the grid-like substrate, and the positive electrode mixture is held on the grid-like substrate.
  • the negative electrode plate 20 has a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode mixture containing a negative electrode active material, and the negative electrode active material contains metallic lead.
  • the negative electrode current collector has a rectangular grid-like substrate and ears 21 continuous with the grid-like substrate, and the negative electrode mixture is held on the grid-like substrate.
  • the positive electrode mixture and the negative electrode mixture are filled in the openings of the respective lattice-shaped substrates and exist as active material layers on both plate surfaces of the lattice-shaped substrate.
  • the positive electrode current collector will be described in detail later.
  • the negative electrode current collector constituting the negative electrode plate 20 is formed by a continuous casting method.
  • Examples of the manufacturing method other than the continuous casting method of the negative electrode current collector include a lead alloy casting method, a punching method for a lead alloy rolled plate, and an expanding method using a lead alloy rolled plate.
  • the separator 30 is, for example, a porous film-like body made of resin, glass, or the like, and has a flat plate-shaped base surface and, if necessary, fold-shaped ribs protruding in a direction perpendicular to the surface direction of the base surface.
  • the ears 11 of the plurality of positive electrode plates 10 are connected by the positive electrode strap 13 and the ears 21 of the plurality of negative electrode plates 20 are connected by the negative electrode strap 23.
  • the positive electrode strap 13 is connected to one end of the positive electrode terminal 15, the negative electrode strap 23 is connected to one end of the negative electrode terminal 25, and the other end of the positive electrode terminal 15 and the other end of the negative electrode terminal 25 are openings of the battery case 41. It penetrates the lid 43 that closes the portion and is exposed to the outside of the case body of the liquid lead storage battery including the electric tank 41 and the lid 43.
  • FIG. 2 shows a first embodiment of a positive electrode current collector constituting the positive electrode plate 10.
  • the positive electrode current collector 5 of the first embodiment has a horizontally long rectangular grid-like substrate 51 and ears 11 continuous with the grid-like substrate, and the positive electrode mixture is contained in the grid-like substrate 51. It is being held.
  • the lattice-shaped substrate 51 has a frame bone forming four sides of a rectangle and a plurality of middle bones connected to the frame bone and existing inside the frame bone.
  • the horizontal side of the rectangle forming the frame bone is longer than the vertical side.
  • the frame bones are the upper frame bone 511 located above the grid-like substrate and extending laterally, the lower frame bone 512 located below the grid-like substrate and extending laterally, and the vertical frame bone located on the left side of the grid-like substrate. It has a left frame bone 513 extending in the direction and a right frame bone 514 located on the right side of the grid-like substrate and extending in the vertical direction.
  • the ear 11 projects upward from a position deviated from the longitudinal center of the upper frame bone 511 toward the right frame bone 514.
  • the multiple middle bones extend from the lower frame bone 512 side toward the upper frame bone 511 side while extending diagonally from the first longitudinal middle bones 61 to 65 and directly to the upper frame bone 511, and from the upper frame bone 511.
  • the second longitudinal middle bone 71-80 extending diagonally toward the lower frame bone 512 side and extending parallel to the left frame bone 513 and the right frame bone 514 to connect the upper frame bone 511 and the lower frame bone 512. It is composed of a longitudinal middle bone 516 and 17 lateral middle bones 517 connecting the left frame bone 513 and the right frame bone 514.
  • the transverse middle bone 517 extends parallel to the upper frame bone 511 and the lower frame bone 512.
  • the cross-sectional areas of the upper frame bone 511, the left frame bone 513, and the right frame bone 514 are the first longitudinal bone 61-65, the second longitudinal media 71-80, the longitudinal media 516, and the transverse media 517. Is larger than the cross-sectional area of.
  • the tate-chu-bone extending diagonally from the lower frame bone 512 side toward the upper frame bone 511 side is only the first tate-chu-bone 61 to 65, and all of them directly reach the upper frame bone 511.
  • S2 distance between a pair of vertical frame bones Ratio of each distance Ln to Ls Ln / Ls, left frame Table 1 shows the angle ⁇ n formed by the first longitudinal middle bone 61 to 65, the second longitudinal middle bone 71 to 80, and the longitudinal middle bone 516 and the upper frame bone 511 on the bone 513 side.
  • the distance Ls is 135 mm.
  • the starting points (connection points with the upper frame bone) of the first vertical middle bones 61 to 65 are all the center (center line C) between the pair of vertical frame bones (left frame bone 513 and right frame bone 514) and the left. It exists between the frame bone (the first vertical frame bone which is the vertical frame bone on the side where the ear does not exist) 513, and does not exist between the center line C and the right frame bone 514. Further, the range in which the starting point of the first vertical middle bone 61 to 65 exists is from the left frame bone 513 to the position where the distance between the pair of vertical frame bones Ls is 7/20 (that is, the first reference line S1). Only the range up to the line C1 where the distance from is 0.35 Ls).
  • the angle ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 5 formed by the first tate-chu-bone 61 to 65 and the upper frame bone 511 on the left frame bone 513 side is less than 90 °.
  • the angle ⁇ 6 to ⁇ 10 between the second tate-chu bone 71 to 76 and the upper frame bone 511 on the left frame bone 513 side is less than 90 °, and the second tate-chu bone 76 to 80 and the upper frame bone 511
  • the formed angles ⁇ 12 to ⁇ 16 exceed 90 °.
  • the angle ⁇ 11 formed by the longitudinal middle bone 516 and the upper frame bone 511 is 90 °.
  • the range in which the starting point (connection point with the upper frame bone) of the second vertical middle bone 71 to 80 exists is from the right frame bone 514 to the position where the distance between the pair of vertical frame bones Ls is 13/20. Only between (that is, the range up to the line C1 where the distance from the second reference line S2 is 0.65 Ls).
  • the first longitudinal middle bones 62 to 65 connect the upper frame bone 511 and the lower frame bone 512 (the first longitudinal middle bone 62 is from the upper frame bone 511 to the lower frame bone 512 and the left frame bone 513. However, the first longitudinal middle bone 61 does not reach the lower frame bone 512, and connects the upper frame bone 511 and the lateral middle bone 517.
  • the second tate-chu bones 71 to 78 connect the upper frame bone 511 and the lower frame bone 512, but the second tate-chu bones 79 and 80 do not reach the lower frame bone 512 and are connected to the upper frame bone 511. It is connected to the right frame bone 514.
  • the positive electrode current collector 5 of the first embodiment is formed by punching a rolled plate made of a lead alloy. Examples of the manufacturing method other than the punching method of the positive electrode current collector include a lead alloy casting method and an expanding method using a lead alloy rolled plate.
  • FIG. 4 shows a second embodiment of the positive electrode current collector constituting the positive electrode plate 10.
  • the positive electrode current collector of the second embodiment has a different design of the vertical middle bone from the positive electrode current collector of the first embodiment, but is the same except for the design.
  • the plurality of middle bones extend diagonally from the lower frame bone 512 side toward the upper frame bone 511 side and extend to the upper frame bone 511.
  • the first longitudinal middle bone 61-66 directly leading to, the second longitudinal middle bone 71-80 extending diagonally from the upper frame bone 511 toward the lower frame bone 512 side, the left frame bone 513 and the right frame. It is composed of 17 transverse medial bones 517 connecting the bones 514.
  • the transverse middle bone 517 extends parallel to the upper frame bone 511 and the lower frame bone 512.
  • the cross-sectional area of the upper frame bone 511, the left frame bone 513, and the right frame bone 514 is larger than the cross-sectional areas of the first longitudinal middle bone 61-66, the second longitudinal middle bone 71-80, and the lateral middle bone 517. .. Further, the tate-chu-bone extending diagonally from the lower frame bone 512 side toward the upper frame bone 511 side is only the first tate-chu-bone 61 to 66, and all of them directly reach the upper frame bone 511.
  • the distance Ln from the first reference line (the line indicating the center position in the width direction of the left frame bone 513) S1 of the first longitudinal middle bone 61 to 66 and the second longitudinal middle bone 71 to 80, the first reference line S1 and the like.
  • Second reference line (line indicating the center position in the width direction of the right frame bone 514) Distance from S2 (pair of vertical frame bone distances) Ratio of each distance Ln to Ls Ln / Ls, first on the left frame bone 513 side
  • Table 2 shows the angle ⁇ n formed by the vertical middle bones 61 to 66 and the second vertical middle bones 71 to 80 and the upper frame bone 511.
  • the distance Ls is 135 mm.
  • the starting points (connection points with the upper frame bone) of the first vertical middle bones 61 to 66 are all the center (center line C) between the pair of vertical frame bones (left frame bone 513 and right frame bone 514) and the left. It exists between the frame bone (the first vertical frame bone which is the vertical frame bone on the side where the ear does not exist) 513, and does not exist between the center line C and the right frame bone 514. Further, the range in which the starting point of the first vertical middle bone 61 to 66 exists is from the left frame bone 513 to the position where the distance between the pair of vertical frame bones Ls is 9/20 (that is, the first reference line S1). Only the range up to the line C1 where the distance from is 0.45 Ls).
  • the angles ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 6 formed by the first tate-chu-bone 61 to 66 and the upper frame bone 511 on the left frame bone 513 side are less than 90 °.
  • the angle ⁇ 7 to ⁇ 12 between the second tate-chu bone 71 to 76 and the upper frame bone 511 on the left frame bone 513 side is less than 90 °, and the second tate-chu bone 77 to 80 and the upper frame bone 511
  • the formed angles ⁇ 13 to ⁇ 16 exceed 90 °.
  • the range in which the starting point (connection point with the upper frame bone) of the second vertical middle bone 71 to 80 exists is from the right frame bone 514 to the position where the distance between the pair of vertical frame bones Ls is 11/20. Only between (that is, the range up to the line C1 where the distance from the second reference line S2 is 0.55 Ls).
  • the first tate-chu bones 63 to 66 connect the upper frame bone 511 and the lower frame bone 512, but the first tate-chu bones 61 and 62 do not reach the lower frame bone 512 and are connected to the upper frame bone 511. It is connected to the lateral middle bone 517.
  • the second tate-chu bones 71 to 78 connect the upper frame bone 511 and the lower frame bone 512, but the second tate-chu bones 79 and 80 do not reach the lower frame bone 512 and are connected to the upper frame bone 511. It is connected to the lateral middle bone 517. As shown in FIG. 3, the line extending the first tate-chu-bone 61 to 66 below the lower frame bone 512 converges to one point.
  • This convergence point P1 is outside the extension line L513 of the left frame bone 513. Further, the line extending the second vertical middle bone 71 to 80 upward from the upper frame bone 511 converges to one point. This convergence point P2 is inside the extension line L514 of the right frame bone 514.
  • FIG. 6 shows a third embodiment of the positive electrode current collector constituting the positive electrode plate 10.
  • the positive electrode current collector of the third embodiment has a different design of the vertical middle bone from the positive electrode current collector of the first embodiment, but is the same except for the design.
  • the plurality of middle bones extend diagonally from the lower frame bone 512 side toward the upper frame bone 511 side and extend to the upper frame bone 511.
  • the first longitudinal middle bone 61-66 directly leading to, the second longitudinal middle bone 71-77 extending diagonally from the upper frame bone 511 toward the lower frame bone 512 side, the reinforcing bone 91, and the left frame. It is composed of 17 lateral middle bones 517 that connect the bone 513 and the right frame bone 514.
  • the transverse middle bone 517 extends parallel to the upper frame bone 511 and the lower frame bone 512.
  • the cross-sectional areas of the upper frame bone 511, the left frame bone 513, and the right frame bone 514 are the first longitudinal middle bone 61-66, the second longitudinal middle bone 71-77, the transverse middle bone 517, and the reinforcing bone 91. Larger than the cross-sectional area. Further, the tate-chu-bone extending diagonally from the lower frame bone 512 side toward the upper frame bone 511 side is only the first tate-chu-bone 61 to 66, and all of them directly reach the upper frame bone 511.
  • the distance Ln from the first reference line (the line indicating the center position in the width direction of the left frame bone 513) S1 of the first longitudinal middle bones 61 to 66 and the second longitudinal middle bones 71 to 77, and the first reference line S1.
  • Second reference line (line indicating the center position in the width direction of the right frame bone 514)
  • Distance from S2 (pair of vertical frame bone distances) Ratio of each distance Ln to Ls Ln / Ls, first on the left frame bone 513 side
  • Table 3 shows the angle ⁇ n formed by the vertical middle bones 61 to 66 and the second vertical middle bones 71 to 77 and the upper frame bone 511.
  • the distance Ls is 135 mm.
  • the starting points (connection points with the upper frame bone) of the first vertical middle bones 61 to 66 are all the center (center line C) between the pair of vertical frame bones (left frame bone 513 and right frame bone 514) and the left. It exists between the frame bone (the first vertical frame bone which is the vertical frame bone on the side where the ear does not exist) 513, and does not exist between the center line C and the right frame bone 514. Further, the range in which the starting point of the first vertical middle bones 61 to 66 exists is from the left frame bone 513 to the position where the distance between the pair of vertical frame bones is 9/20 (that is, from the reference line S1). Only the range up to the line C1 where the distance is 0.45 Ls).
  • the angles ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 6 formed by the first tate-chu-bone 61 to 66 and the upper frame bone 511 on the left frame bone 513 side are less than 90 °.
  • the angle ⁇ 7 to ⁇ 13 formed by the second longitudinal middle bones 71 to 77 and the upper frame bone 511 on the left frame bone 513 side is less than 90 °.
  • the angle ⁇ 14 formed by the reinforcing bone 91 and the lateral middle bone 517 on the left frame bone 513 side is larger than ⁇ 13 and less than 90 °.
  • the range in which the starting point of the second vertical middle bone 71 to 77 exists is from the right frame bone 514 to the position where the distance between the pair of vertical frame bones is 11/20 (that is, the second reference line S2). Only the range up to the line C1 where the distance from is 0.55 Ls).
  • All of the first tate-chu-bones 61 to 66 connect the upper frame bone 511 and the lower frame bone 512. All of the second longitudinal middle bones 71 to 77 connect the upper frame bone 511 and the lower frame bone 512.
  • the reinforcing bone 91 connects the lower frame bone 512 and the transverse middle bone 517.
  • the line extending the first tate-chu-bone 61 to 66 below the lower frame bone 512 converges to one point.
  • This convergence point P1 is inside the extension line L513 of the left frame bone 513.
  • the lines extending the second longitudinal middle bones 71 to 77 and the reinforcing bones 91 upward from the upper frame bones 511 converge to one point.
  • This convergence point P2 is outside the extension line L514 of the right frame bone 514.
  • FIG. 8 shows a fourth embodiment of the positive electrode current collector constituting the positive electrode plate 10.
  • the positive electrode current collector of the fourth embodiment has a different design of the vertical middle bone from the positive electrode current collector of the first embodiment, but is the same except for the design.
  • the plurality of middle bones extend diagonally from the lower frame bone 512 side toward the upper frame bone 511 side and extend to the upper frame bone 511.
  • the first longitudinal middle bone 61-66 directly leading to, the second longitudinal middle bone 71-77 extending diagonally from the upper frame bone 511 toward the lower frame bone 512 side, the reinforcing bone 91, and the left frame. It is composed of 17 lateral middle bones 517 that connect the bone 513 and the right frame bone 514.
  • the transverse middle bone 517 extends parallel to the upper frame bone 511 and the lower frame bone 512.
  • the cross-sectional areas of the upper frame bone 511, the left frame bone 513, and the right frame bone 514 are the first longitudinal middle bone 61-66, the second longitudinal middle bone 71-77, the transverse middle bone 517, and the reinforcing bone 91. Larger than the cross-sectional area. Further, the tate-chu-bone extending diagonally from the lower frame bone 512 side toward the upper frame bone 511 side is only the first tate-chu-bone 61 to 66, and all of them directly reach the upper frame bone 511.
  • the distance Ln from the first reference line (the line indicating the center position in the width direction of the left frame bone 513) S1 of the first longitudinal middle bones 61 to 66 and the second longitudinal middle bones 71 to 77, and the first reference line S1.
  • Second reference line (line indicating the center position in the width direction of the right frame bone 514)
  • Distance from S2 (pair of vertical frame bone distances) Ratio of each distance Ln to Ls Ln / Ls, first on the left frame bone 513 side
  • Table 4 shows the angle ⁇ n formed by the vertical middle bones 61 to 66 and the second vertical middle bones 71 to 77 and the upper frame bone 511.
  • the distance Ls is 135 mm.
  • the starting points (connection points with the upper frame bone) of the first vertical middle bones 61 to 66 are all the center (center line C) between the pair of vertical frame bones (left frame bone 513 and right frame bone 514) and the left. It exists between the frame bone (the first vertical frame bone which is the vertical frame bone on the side where the ear does not exist) 513, and does not exist between the center line C and the right frame bone 514. Further, the range in which the starting point of the first vertical middle bone 61 to 66 exists is from the left frame bone 513 to the position where the distance between the pair of vertical frame bones is 9/20 (that is, from the reference line S1). Only the range up to the line C1 where the distance is 0.45 Ls).
  • angles ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 6 formed by the first vertical middle bones 61 to 66 and the upper frame bone 511 on the left frame bone 513 side are 90 ° or less.
  • the angle ⁇ 14 formed by the reinforcing bone 91 and the lateral middle bone 517 on the left frame bone 513 side is larger than ⁇ 13 and less than 90 °.
  • the range in which the starting point of the second vertical middle bone 71 to 77 exists is from the right frame bone 514 to the position where the distance between the pair of vertical frame bones is 11/20 (that is, the second reference line S2). Only the range up to the line C1 where the distance from is 0.55 Ls). All of the first tate-chu-bones 61 to 66 connect the upper frame bone 511 and the lower frame bone 512.
  • the second longitudinal middle bones 71 to 77 connect the upper frame bone 511 and the lower frame bone 512.
  • the reinforcing bone 91 connects the lower frame bone 512 and the transverse middle bone 517. As shown in FIG. 9, the line extending the first tate-chu-bone 63 to 66 below the lower frame bone 512 converges to one point.
  • This convergence point P1 is outside the extension line L513 of the left frame bone 513. Further, the lines extending the second longitudinal middle bones 71 to 77 and the reinforcing bones 91 upward from the upper frame bones 511 converge to one point. This convergence point P2 is outside the extension line L514 of the right frame bone 514.
  • FIG. 10 shows a fifth embodiment of the positive electrode current collector constituting the positive electrode plate 10.
  • the positive electrode current collector of the fifth embodiment has a different design of the vertical middle bone from the positive electrode current collector of the first embodiment, but is the same except for the design.
  • the plurality of middle bones extend diagonally from the lower frame bone 512 side toward the upper frame bone 511 side and extend to the upper frame bone 511.
  • the first longitudinal middle bone 61-66 directly leading to, the second longitudinal middle bone 71-80 extending diagonally from the upper frame bone 511 toward the lower frame bone 512 side, the left frame bone 513 and the right frame. It is composed of 17 transverse medial bones 517 connecting the bones 514.
  • the transverse middle bone 517 extends parallel to the upper frame bone 511 and the lower frame bone 512.
  • the cross-sectional areas of the upper frame bone 511, the left frame bone 513, and the right frame bone 514 are larger than the cross-sectional areas of the first longitudinal middle bone 61-66, the second longitudinal middle bone 71-80, and the lateral middle bone 517.
  • the tate-chu-bone extending diagonally from the lower frame bone 512 side toward the upper frame bone 511 side is only the first tate-chu-bone 61 to 66, and all of them directly reach the upper frame bone 511.
  • the distance Ln from the first reference line (the line indicating the center position in the width direction of the left frame bone 513) S1 of the first longitudinal middle bone 61 to 66 and the second longitudinal middle bone 71 to 80, the first reference line S1 and the like.
  • Second reference line (line indicating the center position in the width direction of the right frame bone 514) Distance from S2 (pair of vertical frame bone distances) Ratio of each distance Ln to Ls Ln / Ls, first on the left frame bone 513 side
  • Table 5 shows the angle ⁇ n formed by the vertical middle bones 61 to 66 and the second vertical middle bones 71 to 80 and the upper frame bone 511.
  • the distance Ls is 135 mm.
  • the starting points (connection points with the upper frame bone) of the first vertical middle bones 61 to 66 are all the center (center line C) between the pair of vertical frame bones (left frame bone 513 and right frame bone 514) and the left. It exists between the frame bone (the first vertical frame bone which is the vertical frame bone on the side where the ear does not exist) 513, and does not exist between the center line C and the right frame bone 514. Further, the range in which the starting point of the first vertical middle bone 61 to 66 exists is from the left frame bone 513 to the position where the distance between the pair of vertical frame bones is 9/20 (that is, from the reference line S1). Only the range up to the line C1 where the distance is 0.45 Ls). Further, the angles ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 6 formed by the first vertical middle bones 61 to 66 and the upper frame bone 511 on the left frame bone 513 side are 90 ° or less.
  • the range in which the starting point of the second vertical middle bone 71 to 80 exists is from the right frame bone 514 to the position where the distance between the pair of vertical frame bones is 11/20 (that is, the second reference line S2). Only the range up to the line C1 where the distance from is 0.55 Ls). All of the first tate-chu-bones 61 to 66 connect the upper frame bone 511 and the lower frame bone 512.
  • the second tate-chu bones 71 to 78 connect the upper frame bone 511 and the lower frame bone 512, but the second tate-chu bones 79 and 80 do not reach the lower frame bone 512 and are connected to the upper frame bone 511. It is connected to the lateral middle bone 517. As shown in FIG.
  • the line extending the first tate-chu-bone 61 to 66 below the lower frame bone 512 converges to one point.
  • This convergence point P1 is inside the extension line L513 of the left frame bone 513.
  • the line extending the second vertical middle bone 71 to 80 upward from the upper frame bone 511 converges to one point.
  • This convergence point P2 is inside the extension line L514 of the right frame bone 514.
  • the plurality of middle bones are 16 vertical middle bones 516 connecting the upper frame bone 511 and the lower frame bone 512, and the left frame bone 513 and the right. It is composed of 17 lateral middle bones 517 connecting to the frame bone 514.
  • the tate-chu-bone 516 extends parallel to the left frame bone 513 and the right frame bone 514. That is, in this example, there is no first tate-chu-bone extending diagonally from the lower frame bone 512 side toward the upper frame bone 511 side and directly reaching the upper frame bone 511, and below the upper frame bone 511. There is also no second tate-chu-bone that extends diagonally toward the frame bone 512 side.
  • the transverse middle bone 517 extends parallel to the upper frame bone 511 and the lower frame bone 512.
  • the cross-sectional area of the upper frame bone 511, the left frame bone 513, and the right frame bone 514 is larger than the cross-sectional area of the longitudinal middle bone 516, the lateral middle bone 517, and the reinforcing bone 91.
  • Distance Ln from the first reference line (line indicating the center position in the width direction of the left frame bone 513) S1 of the 16 longitudinal middle bones 516, the first reference line S1 and the second reference line (width direction of the right frame bone 514) Line indicating the center position)
  • Distance from S2 (distance between a pair of vertical frame bones) Ratio of each distance Ln to Ls Ln / Ls, angle ⁇ n between the vertical middle bone 516 and the upper frame bone 511 on the left frame bone 513 side (All 90 °) are shown in Table 6.
  • the distance Ls is 135 mm.
  • the plurality of middle bones are the second longitudinal middle bones 71 to 85 extending diagonally from the upper frame bone 511 toward the lower frame bone 512 side.
  • the longitudinal middle bone 516 extending parallel to the left frame bone 513 and the right frame bone 514 and connecting the upper frame bone 511 and the lower frame bone 512, and 17 pieces connecting the left frame bone 513 and the right frame bone 514. It is composed of the lateral middle bone 517. That is, in this example, there is no first tate-chu-bone extending diagonally from the lower frame bone 512 side toward the upper frame bone 511 side and directly reaching the upper frame bone 511.
  • the transverse middle bone 517 extends parallel to the upper frame bone 511 and the lower frame bone 512.
  • the cross-sectional areas of the upper frame bone 511, the left frame bone 513, and the right frame bone 514 are larger than the cross-sectional areas of the longitudinal middle bone 516, the second longitudinal middle bones 71-85, and the transverse middle bone 517.
  • the starting point (connection point with the upper frame bone) of the second vertical middle bones 71 to 86 is a position at 11/20 of the pair of vertical frame bone distances Ls from the right frame bone 514 (that is, the second reference line S2). It also exists in the range outside the line C1) where the distance from the line C1) is 0.55 Ls. Further, the angles ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 11 and ⁇ 13 to ⁇ 16 formed by the second vertical middle bones 71 to 85 and the upper frame bone 511 on the left frame bone 513 side are less than 90 °.
  • the second tate-chu bones 74 to 84 connect the upper frame bone 511 and the lower frame bone 512
  • the second tate-chu bones 71 to 73 connect the upper frame bone 511 and the left frame bone 513
  • the second The longitudinal middle bone 85 of the above connects the upper frame bone 511 and the right frame bone 514.
  • the line extending the second vertical middle bones 71 to 85 and the vertical middle bone 516 above the upper frame bone 511 converges to one point on the extension line of the vertical middle bone 516. That is, this convergence point is between the extension line of the left frame bone 513 and the extension line of the right frame bone 514 (just above the ear 11).
  • the plurality of middle bones extend diagonally from the lower frame bone 512 side toward the upper frame bone 511 side and extend directly to the upper frame bone 511.
  • Nine longitudinal middle bones 516 extending parallel to the left frame bone 513 and the right frame bone 514 and connecting the upper frame bone 511 and the lower frame bone 512, and the upper frame from the lower frame bone 512 side.
  • Reinforcing bones 92 to 94 extending diagonally toward the bone 511 side and reaching the longitudinal middle bone 516A closest to the left frame bone 513, and 17 lateral bones connecting the left frame bone 513 and the right frame bone 514. It is composed of a middle bone 517 and.
  • the transverse middle bone 517 extends parallel to the upper frame bone 511 and the lower frame bone 512.
  • the upper frame bone 511 there is no second tate-chu-bone extending diagonally from the upper frame bone 511 toward the lower frame bone 512 side.
  • the upper frame bone 511 It has reinforcing bones 92 to 94 that do not reach directly but reach the longitudinal middle bone 516A.
  • the cross-sectional areas of the upper frame bone 511, the left frame bone 513, and the right frame bone 514 are 9 longitudinal middle bones 516, the first longitudinal middle bones 61-64, the reinforcing bones 92-94, and the transverse middle bone 517. Larger than the cross-sectional area.
  • the starting points (connection points with the upper frame bone) of the first vertical middle bones 61 to 64 are all the center (center line C) between the pair of vertical frame bones (left frame bone 513 and right frame bone 514) and the left. It exists between the frame bone (the first vertical frame bone which is the vertical frame bone on the side where the ear does not exist) 513, and does not exist between the center line C and the right frame bone 514. Further, the range in which the starting point of the first vertical middle bone 61 to 64 exists is from the left frame bone 513 to the position where the distance between the pair of vertical frame bones Ls is 9/20 (that is, the first reference line S1). Only the range up to the line C1 where the distance from is 0.45 Ls).
  • angles ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 4 formed by the first tate-chu-bone 61 to 64 and the upper frame bone 511 on the left frame bone 513 side are less than 90 °.
  • the angle ⁇ 92 to ⁇ 94 formed by the reinforcing bones 92 to 94 and the lateral middle bone 517 on the left frame bone 513 side is less than 90 ° and smaller than ⁇ 4.
  • the positive electrode current collectors of the first to fifth embodiments satisfy all of the following (a) to (d).
  • (a) At least a part of the plurality of tate-chu-bones existing in the range between the center between the pair of vertical frame bones and the first vertical frame bone which is the vertical frame bone on the side where the ear does not exist. Is the first tate-chu-bone that extends diagonally from the lower frame bone side toward the upper frame bone side and directly reaches the upper frame bone.
  • All the tate-chu-bone extending diagonally from the lower frame bone side toward the upper frame bone side directly reaches the upper frame bone.
  • the angle between the first vertical middle bone and the upper frame bone on the side of the first vertical frame bone is less than 90 °. That is, the first tate-chuboshi spreads toward the ear.
  • the connection point of the first tate-chu-bone with the upper frame bone is between the center between the pair of vertical frame bones and the first vertical frame bone which is the vertical frame bone on the side where the ear does not exist. Exists only in the range of.
  • the positive electrode current collector of Comparative Example 1 does not satisfy all of the above (a) to (d).
  • the positive electrode current collector of Comparative Example 2 does not satisfy all of the above (a) to (d).
  • Comparative Example 2 is a liquid-type lead-acid battery described in Patent Document 1, and the positive electrode grid is formed in a shape in which all the vertical middle bones are spaced apart from the selvage in the left-right direction.
  • the positive electrode current collector of Comparative Example 2 has a better in-plane potential distribution than the positive electrode current collector of Comparative Example 1, but the area of the opening becomes larger as the distance from the ear increases, so that the positive electrode collector vibrates when used in a vehicle. When an impact is applied, the discharge capacity is reduced by the amount of the active material that has fallen off, and the life is shortened.
  • the positive electrode current collector of Comparative Example 3 does not satisfy the above (b).
  • the positive electrode current collector of Comparative Example 3 is a lattice body described in Patent Document 2, and in a liquid lead-acid battery having this lattice body, when a large current is to be taken out for an application such as engine starting, as described above, as described above. A large current is concentrated on the vertical center bone 516A and corrosion progresses, which may cause a sharp deterioration in battery performance.
  • the positive electrode current collectors of the first to fifth embodiments satisfy all of the above (a) to (d), so that the potential distribution of the positive electrode grid is good and the take-out current is high. Stable performance can be obtained.
  • the angle formed by the first vertical middle bone and the upper frame bone on the side of the first vertical frame bone is preferably 45 ° or more and less than 90 °, and more preferably 70 ° or more and less than 90 °.
  • the range in which the starting point of the first tate-chu-bone exists is only from the left frame bone 513 to the position where the distance between the pair of vertical frame bones Ls is 9/20 (that is, the above (d)).
  • the range in which the starting point (connection point with the upper frame bone) of the second vertical middle bone exists is from the right frame bone 514 to the position where the distance between the pair of vertical frame bones is 11/20. Only.
  • the opening composed of the longitudinal bone, the frame bone, and the transverse media bone that occurs on the spreading side of the first longitudinal bone and the second longitudinal bone becomes an appropriate size. Therefore, there is no inconvenience associated with the installation of reinforcing bones.
  • the starting point of the first tate-chu-bone is preferably located within a range from the left frame bone 513 to a position equal to or more than 1/5 of the pair of vertical frame bone distances Ls and not more than a position to be 1/2.
  • the line having convergence points P1 and P2 that is, the line extending the first tate-chu bone below the lower frame bone 512 converges to one point, and the second tate-chu bone extends above the upper frame bone 511. Since the drawn lines converge to one point, the potential distribution is better than when they do not converge. In addition, since the design can be easily changed, it is possible to easily develop a wide variety of products. Further, when the rectangle forming the frame bone of the positive electrode collector has a horizontally long shape in which the horizontal side is longer than the vertical side, the grid-like substrate of the positive electrode collector tends to have a large lateral growth. ..
  • the left and right frame bones of the expanding positive electrode plate may stretch and tear the separator in contact with the separator. Even if the separator is not torn, a part of the positive electrode lattice broken by corrosion may break through the separator. As a result, the positive electrode and the negative electrode stacked on each other via the separator may be contact-short-circuited, and the life may be reached at an early stage.
  • the grid-like substrate of the positive electrode current collector has a horizontally long shape, but by satisfying all of the above (a) to (d), a remarkable potential distribution improving effect is achieved. Can be obtained and the early life can be prevented.
  • the number of the first tate-chu-bone directly connected to the upper frame bone is the first to the first. Since the positive current collector 5 of the four embodiments is larger than the positive current collector 50B of Comparative Example 3, the amount of current collected toward the upper frame bone having a large cross-sectional area increases, so that the current is collected in the vertical direction. Bone is less likely to corrode.
  • the first longitudinal bone 61 constituting the positive electrode current collector of the first embodiment and the first longitudinal central bones 61 and 62 constituting the positive electrode current collectors of the second embodiment and the third embodiment are ,
  • the differences in action and effect due to the difference in the design of the vertical middle bone in the positive electrode current collectors of the first to fifth embodiments are as follows.
  • the lead-acid battery using the positive electrode current collectors of the first embodiment and the second embodiment is superior to the third embodiment and the fourth embodiment because the second longitudinal bones are concentrated toward the upper part of the ear.
  • the current collection characteristics and cycle life characteristics can be obtained.
  • the range in which the starting point of the first longitudinal bone exists is 7/20 of the pair of longitudinal frame bone distances Ls from the left frame bone 513 in the first embodiment.
  • the range in which the starting point of the second tate-chu-bone exists is 13/20 of the pair of vertical-frame bone distances Ls from the right frame bone 514, which is narrower than that of the second embodiment. It is wider than the second embodiment only up to the position. Therefore, in the normal placement density, the opening composed of the longitudinal middle bone, the frame bone, and the transverse middle bone generated on the spreading side of the first longitudinal bone and the second longitudinal bone is the first embodiment. Since the size of the second embodiment is more appropriate than that of the second embodiment, it is further advantageous in that inconveniences associated with the installation of reinforcing bones do not occur.
  • the lead-acid battery using the positive electrode current collector of the third embodiment is held in the opening because the average opening area of the opening formed by the first longitudinal bone is smaller than that of the other embodiments. Although it is easy to prevent the positive electrode mixture from peeling off or falling off, the average opening area of the opening near the ear is larger than that of the first embodiment and the second embodiment, so that the current collection characteristics and the cycle life characteristics are improved. , Slightly inferior to the first and second embodiments.
  • the lead-acid battery using the positive electrode current collector of the fourth embodiment has a smaller variation in the opening area of the opening as compared with the first to third embodiments, so that the positive electrode mixture can be locally peeled off or dropped off. Although it is easy to prevent, the cycle life characteristics for the idling stop vehicle are slightly inferior to those of the first to third embodiments.
  • the second longitudinal bones are concentrated toward the upper part of the ear, and therefore, the third embodiment. And the current collection characteristics and the cycle life characteristics superior to those of the fourth embodiment can be obtained. Further, in the lead storage battery using the positive electrode current collector of the fifth embodiment, as in the third embodiment, the average opening area of the opening formed by the first longitudinal bone is larger than that of the other embodiments. Since the size is small, it is easy to prevent the positive electrode mixture held in the opening from peeling off or falling off.
  • the cross-sectional area of the upper frame bone 511 is 235% to 300% with respect to the average cross-sectional area of the transverse middle bone 517, and a plurality of pieces in contact with the upper frame bone 511.
  • the area of each opening in a plan view of the above is preferably 50% to 75% with respect to the average opening area of all the openings of the grid-like substrate 51.
  • the average diameter of the pores of the positive electrode mixture is preferably 0.15 ⁇ m or more and 0.40 ⁇ m or less.
  • the porosity of the positive electrode mixture is preferably 30% or more and 50% or less. If the pore diameter of the positive electrode mixture is less than 0.15 ⁇ m, the utilization rate of the positive electrode active material may decrease. On the other hand, if the average diameter of the positive electrode mixture is larger than 0.40 ⁇ m, the internal resistance of the liquid lead-acid battery may increase. In addition, softening of the positive electrode mixture may easily occur.
  • the method for measuring the average diameter of the pores of the positive electrode mixture is not particularly limited, but it can be measured by, for example, a mercury intrusion method. If the porosity of the positive electrode mixture is less than 30%, sulfuric acid may not easily permeate into the mixture, and the utilization rate of the active material may decrease. On the other hand, if the porosity of the positive electrode mixture exceeds 50%, the density of the mixture decreases, which may shorten the cycle life.
  • the cross-sectional areas of the second tate-chu bones 74 to 76 and the tate-chu-bone 516 connected to the lower part of the ear 11 are the cross-sectional areas of all the tate-chu-bones. It is preferably 1.26 times or more and 1.50 times or less.
  • Liquid lead-acid batteries (samples No. 1 to No. 25) having a battery size of Q-85 were produced by the following method. As shown in Table 1, the liquid lead-acid batteries of Samples No. 1 to No. 25 have different configurations of the upper frame bone of the positive electrode current collector and the openings in contact with the upper frame bone, except for the other points. It is the same.
  • the liquid lead-acid batteries of Samples No. 1 to No. 25 have a width (horizontal dimension) of 135 mm and a height of the grid-like substrate 51 in the positive electrode current collector 5.
  • current collectors (lattice-shaped substrate + ear) for the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate were manufactured by a punching method from a rolled plate made of a Pb—Ca—Sn alloy. A rolled structure with an average interlayer distance of 20 ⁇ m was observed in the cross section of the current collector cut in the thickness direction.
  • the weight of each positive electrode current collector is 40.0 g.
  • the thickness of the middle bone was changed at the same time so that the weight of the positive electrode current collector was the same among all the samples.
  • all the lateral middle bones 517 have the same thickness.
  • the average cross-sectional area of all the transverse middle bones 517 is 1.00 mm 2
  • the average cross-sectional area of the upper frame bone 511 is 2.00 mm 2 .
  • the opening area of the openings in contact with the upper frame bone 511 in a plan view is 45%, 50%, 65%, 75%, and 80%, respectively, with respect to the average opening area in a plan view of all the openings.
  • the average opening area of the opening in contact with the upper frame bone 511 was adjusted by changing the separation distance between the lateral middle bones 517. At this time, the distance between the lateral middle bones 517 was adjusted to be even.
  • the positive electrode current collectors 5 of the liquid lead-acid batteries of Samples No. 6 to No. 10 have a cross-sectional area of 2.23 mm 2 of the upper frame bone 511 constituting the grid-like substrate 51, and all the lateral middle bones.
  • the cross-sectional area of 517 is 0.95 mm2. That is, the thickness ratio of the upper frame bone 511 to the lateral middle bone 517 is 235%.
  • the average opening area of the openings in contact with the upper frame bone 511 in a plan view is 45%, 50%, 65%, 75%, and 80%, respectively, with respect to the average opening area in a plan view of all the openings.
  • the average opening area of the opening in contact with the upper frame bone 511 was adjusted by changing the separation distance between the lateral middle bones 517. At this time, the distance between the lateral middle bones 517 was adjusted to be even.
  • the positive electrode current collectors 5 of the liquid lead-acid batteries of Samples No. 11 to No. 15 have a cross-sectional area of 2.43 mm 2 of the upper frame bone 511 constituting the grid-like substrate 51, and all the lateral middle bones.
  • the cross-sectional area of 517 is 0.90 mm2. That is, the thickness ratio of the upper frame bone 511 to the lateral middle bone 517 is 270%.
  • the average opening area of the openings in contact with the upper frame bone 511 in a plan view is 45%, 50%, 65%, 75%, and 80%, respectively, with respect to the average opening area in a plan view of all the openings.
  • the average opening area of the opening in contact with the upper frame bone 511 was adjusted by changing the separation distance between the lateral middle bones 517. At this time, the distance between the lateral middle bones 517 was adjusted to be even.
  • the positive electrode current collectors 5 of the liquid lead-acid batteries of Samples No. 16 to No. 20 have a cross-sectional area of 2.55 mm 2 of the upper frame bone 511 constituting the grid-like substrate 51, and all the lateral middle bones.
  • the cross-sectional area of 517 is 0.85 mm 2 . That is, the thickness ratio of the upper frame bone 511 to the lateral middle bone 517 is 300%.
  • the average opening area of the openings in contact with the upper frame bone 511 in a plan view is 45%, 50%, 65%, 75%, and 80%, respectively, with respect to the average opening area in a plan view of all the openings.
  • the average opening area of the opening in contact with the upper frame bone 511 was adjusted by changing the separation distance between the lateral middle bones 517. At this time, the distance between the lateral middle bones 517 was adjusted to be even.
  • the positive electrode current collectors 5 of the liquid lead-acid batteries of Samples No. 21 to No. 25 have a cross-sectional area of 2.56 mm 2 of the upper frame bone 511 constituting the grid-like substrate 51, and all the lateral middle bones.
  • the cross-sectional area of 517 is 0.80 mm2. That is, the thickness ratio of the upper frame bone 511 to the lateral middle bone 517 is 320%.
  • the average opening area of the openings in contact with the upper frame bone 511 in a plan view is 45%, 50%, 65%, 75%, and 80%, respectively, with respect to the average opening area in a plan view of all the openings.
  • the average opening area of the opening in contact with the upper frame bone 511 was adjusted by changing the separation distance between the lateral middle bones 517. At this time, the distance between the lateral middle bones 517 was adjusted to be even.
  • the configuration of the plurality of cores constituting the grid-like substrate 51 is the same as that of the positive electrode current collector 5 of the first embodiment shown in FIG. ..
  • the negative electrode current collectors of Samples No. 1 to No. 25 those having the same shape and the same cross-sectional area as the positive electrode current collector 5 of Sample No. 1 were used.
  • lead powder containing lead monoxide as a main component was kneaded with water and dilute sulfuric acid, and if necessary, additives were mixed and kneaded to prepare a paste for a positive electrode mixture.
  • the ratio ⁇ / ( ⁇ + ⁇ ) of the mass ⁇ of ⁇ -lead dioxide and the mass ⁇ of ⁇ -lead dioxide contained in the positive electrode active material after chemical conversion was set to 20%.
  • lead powder containing lead monoxide as a main component was kneaded with water and dilute sulfuric acid, and if necessary, additives were mixed and kneaded to prepare a paste for a negative electrode mixture.
  • the density of the positive electrode mixture contained in the positive electrode plate was 4.2 g / cm 3
  • the density of the negative electrode mixture contained in the negative electrode plate was 4.0 g / cm 3
  • the average pore diameter of the positive electrode mixture was 0.20 ⁇ m, and the porosity was 40%.
  • a ribbed separator made of a porous synthetic resin and having a flat plate-shaped base surface and fold-shaped ribs protruding in a direction orthogonal to the surface direction of the base surface was prepared.
  • the total thickness of the ribbed separator was 0.90 mm
  • the rib height was 0.65 mm
  • the base surface thickness was 0.25 mm.
  • a plurality of prepared positive electrode plates and negative electrode plates before chemical conversion were alternately laminated with a ribbed separator interposed therebetween to prepare a group of electrode plates.
  • the number of positive electrode plates was 7, and the number of negative electrode plates was 8.
  • This group of electrode plates was housed in an electric tank, the ears of the positive electrode collector of each positive electrode plate were connected by a positive electrode strap, and the ears of the negative electrode collector of each negative electrode plate were connected by a negative electrode strap. Then, the positive electrode strap was connected to one end of the positive electrode terminal, and the negative electrode strap was connected to one end of the negative electrode terminal.
  • the electric tank has a plurality of cell chambers for accommodating the electrode plate group, and the volume of the portion below the upper level (maximum liquid level line) per cell chamber is 570 cm 3 .
  • a predetermined group pressure was applied to the electrode plate group.
  • the opening of the electric tank was closed with a lid.
  • the positive electrode pole and the negative electrode pole are each penetrated through a bushing inserted into the lid, and the other end of the positive electrode pole and the other end of the negative electrode pole are welded while being exposed to the outside of the liquid lead-acid battery, and the positive electrode is welded.
  • a terminal and a negative electrode terminal were formed.
  • an electrolytic solution consisting of dilute sulfuric acid having a specific gravity of 1.23 and containing aluminum sulfate at a concentration of 0.1 mol / L is injected to the upper level of the battery case, and the liquid injection port is opened. It was sealed with a stopper and electrolyzed to obtain a liquid lead-acid battery.
  • the time from the injection of the electrolytic solution to the start of energization for chemical formation was 30 minutes, the amount of electricity for chemical conversion was 230%, and the temperature of the electrolytic solution at the time of chemical conversion was 45 ° C. At this time, the amount of the injected electrolytic solution was 375 cm 3 per cell chamber. The specific gravity of the electrolytic solution after chemical conversion was 1.28.
  • the growth rate RY of the positive electrode grid in the vertical direction was confirmed when the life test passed 300 cycles.
  • the growth rate RY of the positive electrode grid was calculated as follows. First, for the positive electrode lattice body before the life test, the distance Y 1 from the top surface of the lid to the upper frame bone is measured. This measurement may be performed via the liquid injection port formed in the lid, or may be performed by forming a communication port at an appropriate position and passing through the communication hole.
  • the test is suspended and the distance Y 2 from the top surface of the lid to the upper frame bone is measured.
  • the difference between Y 1 and Y 2 is obtained, and the growth rate RY in the vertical direction of the positive electrode grid is based on the height (vertical dimension) of 114.5 mm of the grid-like substrate 51 and the following equation (1). %) was calculated.
  • the cross-sectional area of the upper frame bone 511 becomes the average cross-sectional area of the transverse middle bone 517.
  • it is 235% to 300%, and the opening area of each of the plurality of openings in contact with the upper frame bone 511 in a plan view is 50% to 30% with respect to the average opening area of all the openings of the grid-like substrate 51. It can be seen that when it is 75%, a liquid lead-acid battery having a particularly excellent life cycle tends to be obtained.
  • the growth rate RY in the vertical direction tends to be suppressed and the cycle life tends to be improved.
  • the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the upper frame bone to the lateral middle bone exceeds 300%, the cycle life tends not to be improved even though the growth rate RY in the vertical direction is further suppressed. ..
  • the mechanical strength of the middle bone of the positive electrode current collector was small, the deformation of the lower part of the positive electrode current collector could not be prevented, and the positive electrode mixture was peeled off or dropped off, resulting in a liquid type. It is estimated that the capacity of the lead-acid battery has decreased.
  • Liquid lead-acid batteries (samples No. 26 to No. 49) having a battery size of Q-85 were produced by the following method. As shown in Table 13, the liquid lead-acid batteries of Samples No. 26 to No. 49 differ in the composition of the pore diameter ( ⁇ m) and porosity (%) of the positive electrode mixture, but the other points are samples. Same as No.8.
  • the liquid lead-acid batteries of Samples No. 26 to No. 49 have a width (horizontal dimension) of 135 mm and a height of the grid-like substrate 51 in the positive electrode current collector 5. (Vertical dimension) is 114.5 mm. All of these dimensions are the distance between the centerlines of the frame bones.
  • the cross-sectional areas of the left frame bone 513, the right frame bone 514, and the lower frame bone 512 are all 1.80 mm 2 .
  • current collectors (lattice-shaped substrate + ear) for the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate were manufactured by a punching method from a rolled plate made of a Pb—Ca—Sn alloy. A rolled structure with an average interlayer distance of 20 ⁇ m was observed in the cross section of the current collector cut in the thickness direction.
  • the weight of each positive electrode current collector is 40.0 g.
  • the positive electrode current collector 5 included in the liquid lead-acid batteries of Samples No. 26 to No. 30 has the same configuration as that of Sample No. 8 in the grid-like substrate 51, and is a positive electrode mixture held in the grid-like substrate 51.
  • the pore diameters are 0.10 ⁇ m, and the porosities are 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, and 60%, respectively.
  • the positive electrode current collector 5 included in the liquid lead-acid batteries of Samples No. 31 to No. 35 has the same configuration as that of Sample No. 8 in the grid-like substrate 51, and is a positive electrode mixture held in the grid-like substrate 51.
  • the pore diameters are 0.15 ⁇ m, and the porosities are 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, and 60%, respectively.
  • the positive electrode current collector 5 included in the liquid lead-acid batteries of Samples No. 36 to No. 39 has the same configuration as that of Sample No. 8 in the grid-like substrate 51, and is a positive electrode mixture held in the grid-like substrate 51.
  • the positive electrode current collector 5 included in the liquid lead-acid battery of sample No. 8 has a pore diameter of 0.15 ⁇ m and a porosity of 40%.
  • the positive electrode current collector 5 contained in the liquid lead-acid batteries of Samples No. 40 to No. 44 has the same configuration as that of Sample No. 8 in the grid-like substrate 51, and is a positive electrode mixture held in the grid-like substrate 51. Has a pore diameter of 0.40 ⁇ m and a porosity of 20%, 30%, 50%, and 60%, respectively.
  • the positive electrode current collectors 5 of the liquid lead-acid batteries of Samples No. 45 to No. 49 have the same structure as that of Sample No. 8 in the grid-like substrate 51, and are held in the grid-like substrate 51.
  • the pore diameters are 0.45 ⁇ m, and the porosities are 20%, 30%, 50%, and 60%, respectively.
  • As the negative electrode current collectors of Samples No. 26 to No. 49 those having the same shape and the same cross-sectional area as the positive electrode current collector 5 of Sample No. 8 were used.
  • lead powder containing lead monoxide as a main component was kneaded with water and dilute sulfuric acid, and if necessary, additives were mixed and kneaded to prepare a paste for a positive electrode mixture.
  • the ratio ⁇ / ( ⁇ + ⁇ ) of the mass ⁇ of ⁇ -lead dioxide and the mass ⁇ of ⁇ -lead dioxide contained in the positive electrode active material after chemical conversion was set to 20%.
  • lead powder containing lead monoxide as a main component was kneaded with water and dilute sulfuric acid, and if necessary, additives were mixed and kneaded to prepare a paste for a negative electrode mixture.
  • the density of the positive electrode mixture contained in the positive electrode plate was 4.2 g / cm 3
  • the density of the negative electrode mixture contained in the negative electrode plate was 4.0 g / cm 3
  • a ribbed separator made of a porous synthetic resin and having a flat plate-shaped base surface and fold-shaped ribs protruding in a direction orthogonal to the surface direction of the base surface was prepared.
  • the total thickness of the ribbed separator was 0.90 mm
  • the rib height was 0.65 mm
  • the base surface thickness was 0.25 mm.
  • a plurality of prepared positive electrode plates and negative electrode plates before chemical conversion were alternately laminated with a ribbed separator interposed therebetween to prepare a group of electrode plates.
  • the number of positive electrode plates was 7, and the number of negative electrode plates was 8.
  • This group of electrode plates was housed in an electric tank, the ears of the positive electrode collector of each positive electrode plate were connected by a positive electrode strap, and the ears of the negative electrode current collector of each negative electrode plate were connected by a negative electrode strap. Then, the positive electrode strap was connected to one end of the positive electrode terminal, and the negative electrode strap was connected to one end of the negative electrode terminal.
  • the electric tank has a plurality of cell chambers for accommodating the electrode plate group, and the volume of the portion below the upper level (maximum liquid level line) per cell chamber is 570 cm3. In addition, a predetermined group pressure was applied to the electrode plate group.
  • the opening of the electric tank was closed with a lid.
  • the positive electrode pole and the negative electrode pole are each penetrated through a bushing insert-molded in the lid, and the other end of the positive electrode pole and the other end of the negative electrode pole are welded in a state of being exposed to the outside of the liquid lead-acid battery, and the positive electrode is welded.
  • a terminal and a negative electrode terminal were formed.
  • an electrolytic solution consisting of dilute sulfuric acid having a specific gravity of 1.23 and containing aluminum sulfate at a concentration of 0.1 mol / L is injected to the upper level of the battery case, and the liquid injection port is opened. It was sealed with a stopper and electrolyzed to obtain a liquid lead-acid battery.
  • the time from the injection of the electrolytic solution to the start of energization for chemical formation was 30 minutes, the amount of electricity for chemical conversion was 230%, and the temperature of the electrolytic solution at the time of chemical conversion was 45 ° C. At this time, the amount of the injected electrolytic solution was 375 cm 3 per cell chamber.
  • the specific gravity of the electrolytic solution after chemical conversion was 1.28.
  • a plurality of liquid lead-acid batteries of each lot were manufactured, and it was considered that the liquid lead-acid batteries of the same lot had the same structure and battery characteristics.
  • Each of the liquid lead-acid batteries of Samples No. 26 to No. 49 thus obtained was subjected to a life test at 75 ° C., and the number of cycles until the life was investigated.
  • the conditions of the life test are as follows. First, in a 75 ° C environment, 300 A discharge for 2 seconds, CCCV charge for 60 minutes (14.5 V, maximum charge current 50 A), 25 A discharge for 5 minutes, CCCV charge for 30 minutes (14.5 V, maximum charge current 50 A). ) was repeated a plurality of cycles in this order, and it was determined that the life was reached when the voltage at each discharge dropped to 7.2 V, and the number of cycles performed up to that point was defined as the life.
  • the results of the life test were evaluated according to the following criteria. If the number of cycles is 360 or more and less than 370, it is judged as " ⁇ ", and if it is 370 or more, it is judged to be particularly excellent and is evaluated as " ⁇ ".
  • the utilization rate of the active material was determined by measuring the discharge capacity after performing a 5-hour rate discharge test. If the measured value of the discharge capacity is 32 Ah or more, which is the rated capacity of the Q-85 size liquid lead-acid battery, it is judged that the utilization rate is remarkably excellent, and the measured value of the discharge capacity is " ⁇ ".
  • Liquid lead-acid batteries (samples No. 50 to No. 56) having a battery size of Q-85 were produced by the following method. As shown in Table 11, the liquid lead-acid batteries of Samples No. 50 to No. 56 have different cross-sectional areas of the tate-chu-bone having a connection point at the lower part of the ear among the tate-chu-bone of the positive electrode current collector. However, other points are the same as sample No.8.
  • the liquid lead-acid batteries of Samples No. 50 to No. 56 have a width (horizontal dimension) of 135 mm and a height of the grid-like substrate 51 in the positive electrode current collector 5.
  • the average opening area of the openings in contact with the upper frame bone 511 in a plan view is 65% of the average opening area in a plan view of all the openings.
  • current collectors (lattice-shaped substrate + ear) for the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate were manufactured by a punching method from a rolled plate made of a Pb—Ca—Sn alloy. A rolled structure with an average interlayer distance of 20 ⁇ m was observed in the cross section of the current collector cut in the thickness direction.
  • the weight of each positive electrode current collector is 40.0 g.
  • the range in which the starting point (connecting point with the upper frame bone) of the second longitudinal middle bone 74 to 76 exists is between the position where the distance from the first reference line S1 is 80 to 105 (that is, in the lower part of the ear). The range in which it is located).
  • the first tate-chu bones 63 to 66 connect the upper frame bone 511 and the lower frame bone 512, but the first tate-chu bones 61 and 62 do not reach the lower frame bone 512 and are connected to the upper frame bone 511. It is connected to the lateral middle bone 517.
  • the second tate-chu bones 71 to 78 connect the upper frame bone 511 and the lower frame bone 512, but the second tate-chu bones 79 and 80 do not reach the lower frame bone 512 and are connected to the upper frame bone 511. It is connected to the lateral middle bone 517. As shown in FIG. 3, the line extending the first tate-chu-bone 61 to 66 below the lower frame bone 512 converges to one point.
  • This convergence point P1 is outside the extension line L513 of the left frame bone 513. Further, the line extending the second vertical middle bone 71 to 80 upward from the upper frame bone 511 converges to one point. This convergence point P2 is inside the extension line L514 of the right frame bone 514.
  • the cross-sectional areas of the second longitudinal bones 74 to 76 connected to the lower part of the ear 11 and the longitudinal medial bone 516 are all in the vertical middle. It is 1.20 times the average cross-sectional area of bone.
  • the cross-sectional areas of the second longitudinal bones 74 to 76 connected to the lower part of the ear 11 and the longitudinal medial bone 516 are all in the vertical middle. It is 1.26 times the average cross-sectional area of bone.
  • the cross-sectional areas of the second longitudinal bones 74 to 76 connected to the lower part of the ear 11 and the longitudinal medial bone 516 are all in the vertical middle. It is 1.30 times the average cross-sectional area of bone.
  • the cross-sectional areas of the second longitudinal bones 74 to 76 connected to the lower part of the ear 11 and the longitudinal medial bone 516 are all in the vertical middle. It is 1.35 times the average cross-sectional area of bone.
  • the cross-sectional areas of the second longitudinal bones 74 to 76 connected to the lower part of the ear 11 and the longitudinal medial bone 516 are all in the vertical middle. It is 1.40 times the average cross-sectional area of bone.
  • the cross-sectional areas of the second longitudinal bones 74 to 76 connected to the lower part of the ear 11 and the longitudinal medial bone 516 are all in the vertical middle. It is 1.50 times the average cross-sectional area of bone.
  • the cross-sectional areas of the second longitudinal bones 74 to 76 and the longitudinal medial bone 516 connected to the lower part of the ear 11 are all in the longitudinal direction. It is 1.60 times the average cross-sectional area of bone.
  • the negative electrode current collectors of Samples No. 50 to No. 56 those having the same shape and the same cross-sectional area as the positive electrode current collector 5 of Sample No. 8 were used.
  • lead powder containing lead monoxide as a main component was kneaded with water and dilute sulfuric acid, and if necessary, additives were mixed and kneaded to prepare a paste for a positive electrode mixture.
  • the ratio ⁇ / ( ⁇ + ⁇ ) of the mass ⁇ of ⁇ -lead dioxide and the mass ⁇ of ⁇ -lead dioxide contained in the positive electrode active material after chemical conversion was set to 20%.
  • lead powder containing lead monoxide as a main component was kneaded with water and dilute sulfuric acid, and if necessary, additives were mixed and kneaded to prepare a paste for a negative electrode mixture.
  • the density of the positive electrode mixture contained in the positive electrode plate was 4.2 g / cm 3
  • the density of the negative electrode mixture contained in the negative electrode plate was 4.0 g / cm 3
  • a ribbed separator made of a porous synthetic resin and having a flat plate-shaped base surface and fold-shaped ribs protruding in a direction orthogonal to the surface direction of the base surface was prepared.
  • the total thickness of the ribbed separator was 0.90 mm, the rib height was 0.65 mm, and the base surface thickness was 0.25 mm.
  • a plurality of prepared positive electrode plates and negative electrode plates before chemical conversion were alternately laminated with a ribbed separator interposed therebetween to prepare a group of electrode plates.
  • the number of positive electrode plates was 7, and the number of negative electrode plates was 8.
  • This group of electrode plates was housed in an electric tank, the ears of the positive electrode collector of each positive electrode plate were connected by a positive electrode strap, and the ears of the negative electrode collector of each negative electrode plate were connected by a negative electrode strap. Then, the positive electrode strap was connected to one end of the positive electrode terminal, and the negative electrode strap was connected to one end of the negative electrode terminal.
  • the electric tank has a plurality of cell chambers for accommodating the electrode plate group, and the volume of the portion below the upper level (maximum liquid level line) per cell chamber is 570 cm 3 .
  • a predetermined group pressure was applied to the electrode plate group.
  • the opening of the electric tank was closed with a lid.
  • the positive electrode pole and the negative electrode pole are each penetrated through a bushing inserted into the lid, and the other end of the positive electrode pole and the other end of the negative electrode pole are welded while being exposed to the outside of the liquid lead-acid battery, and the positive electrode is welded.
  • a terminal and a negative electrode terminal were formed.
  • an electrolytic solution consisting of dilute sulfuric acid having a specific gravity of 1.23 and containing aluminum sulfate at a concentration of 0.1 mol / L is injected to the upper level of the battery case, and the liquid injection port is opened. It was sealed with a stopper and electrolyzed to obtain a liquid lead-acid battery.
  • the time from the injection of the electrolytic solution to the start of energization for chemical formation was 30 minutes, the amount of electricity for chemical conversion was 230%, and the temperature of the electrolytic solution at the time of chemical conversion was 45 ° C. At this time, the amount of the injected electrolytic solution was 375 cm 3 per cell chamber. The specific gravity of the electrolytic solution after chemical conversion was 1.28.
  • the results of the life test were evaluated according to the following criteria. If the number of cycles is 360 or more and less than 370, it is judged as " ⁇ ", and if it is 370 or more, it is judged to be particularly excellent and is evaluated as " ⁇ ".
  • the utilization rate of the active material was determined by measuring the discharge capacity after performing a 5-hour rate discharge test. If the measured value of the discharge capacity is 32 Ah or more, which is the rated capacity of the Q-85 size liquid lead-acid battery, it is judged that the utilization rate is remarkably excellent, and the measured value of the discharge capacity is " ⁇ ".
  • the cross-sectional area of the tate-chu-bone connected to the lower part of the ear of the positive electrode lattice is 1.26 times or more the average cross-sectional area of all the tate-chu-bone. It can be seen that there is a tendency to obtain a liquid lead-acid battery having a long life cycle and a discharge capacity. However, when the cross-sectional area of the tate-chu-bone connected to the lower part of the ear of the positive electrode lattice exceeds 1.50 times, the cycle life tends to decrease.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Cell Electrode Carriers And Collectors (AREA)
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