WO2022014122A1 - セリウム化合物を有効成分として含む、医薬組成物 - Google Patents
セリウム化合物を有効成分として含む、医薬組成物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022014122A1 WO2022014122A1 PCT/JP2021/017295 JP2021017295W WO2022014122A1 WO 2022014122 A1 WO2022014122 A1 WO 2022014122A1 JP 2021017295 W JP2021017295 W JP 2021017295W WO 2022014122 A1 WO2022014122 A1 WO 2022014122A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- pharmaceutical composition
- cerium
- cerium compound
- composition according
- solution
- Prior art date
Links
- 150000001785 cerium compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 182
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 118
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 73
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 71
- DDRJAANPRJIHGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N creatinine Chemical compound CN1CC(=O)NC1=N DDRJAANPRJIHGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 68
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 62
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 60
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 60
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 60
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 58
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 47
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 claims description 36
- 229940109239 creatinine Drugs 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 208000017169 kidney disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000002441 uremic toxin Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- PNNCWTXUWKENPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].NC(N)=O Chemical compound [N].NC(N)=O PNNCWTXUWKENPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000000703 Cerium Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001631 haemodialysis Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000322 hemodialysis Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DRVWBEJJZZTIGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ce+3].[Ce+3] DRVWBEJJZZTIGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004673 fluoride salts Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 93
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 72
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 50
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 35
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Indole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=CC2=C1 SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- NZPIUJUFIFZSPW-UHFFFAOYSA-H lanthanum carbonate Chemical compound [La+3].[La+3].[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O NZPIUJUFIFZSPW-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 28
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 28
- 229910017569 La2(CO3)3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 25
- 229960001633 lanthanum carbonate Drugs 0.000 description 25
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 23
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 23
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 21
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 21
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 20
- 235000015110 jellies Nutrition 0.000 description 20
- 239000008274 jelly Substances 0.000 description 20
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- SEOVTRFCIGRIMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indole-3-acetic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CC(=O)O)=CNC2=C1 SEOVTRFCIGRIMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 230000003907 kidney function Effects 0.000 description 16
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 15
- -1 aromatic carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 15
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 15
- PZOUSPYUWWUPPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N indole Natural products CC1=CC=CC2=C1C=CN2 PZOUSPYUWWUPPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- RKJUIXBNRJVNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N indolenine Natural products C1=CC=C2CC=NC2=C1 RKJUIXBNRJVNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 235000001014 amino acid Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 13
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 13
- GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylamine Chemical compound CN(C)C GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 102100036475 Alanine aminotransferase 1 Human genes 0.000 description 12
- 108010082126 Alanine transaminase Proteins 0.000 description 12
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 12
- 210000001035 gastrointestinal tract Anatomy 0.000 description 12
- QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-VIFPVBQESA-N L-tryptophane Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C[C@H](N)C(O)=O)=CNC2=C1 QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-VIFPVBQESA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000003826 tablet Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000005018 casein Substances 0.000 description 9
- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 235000021240 caseins Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 9
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 9
- 239000002552 dosage form Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000003349 gelling agent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000003053 toxin Substances 0.000 description 9
- 231100000765 toxin Toxicity 0.000 description 9
- 108700012359 toxins Proteins 0.000 description 9
- 229960004799 tryptophan Drugs 0.000 description 9
- 230000002485 urinary effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- XGILAAMKEQUXLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(indol-3-yl)lactic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CC(O)C(O)=O)=CNC2=C1 XGILAAMKEQUXLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000004581 coalescence Methods 0.000 description 8
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 8
- 239000003617 indole-3-acetic acid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 8
- WGNAKZGUSRVWRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-cresol sulfate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(OS(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 WGNAKZGUSRVWRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229940124597 therapeutic agent Drugs 0.000 description 8
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 7
- 108010001441 Phosphopeptides Proteins 0.000 description 7
- QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tryptophan Natural products C1=CC=C2C(CC(N)C(O)=O)=CNC2=C1 QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 208000020832 chronic kidney disease Diseases 0.000 description 7
- 238000000502 dialysis Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 210000000813 small intestine Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000002496 gastric effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 210000003734 kidney Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 210000002429 large intestine Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- IWDCLRJOBJJRNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-cresol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IWDCLRJOBJJRNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 6
- UYPYRKYUKCHHIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylamine N-oxide Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)[O-] UYPYRKYUKCHHIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 208000037157 Azotemia Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 241000700159 Rattus Species 0.000 description 5
- 239000008272 agar Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000010419 agar Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 201000005991 hyperphosphatemia Diseases 0.000 description 5
- BXFFHSIDQOFMLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N indoxyl sulfate Natural products C1=CC=C2C(OS(=O)(=O)O)=CNC2=C1 BXFFHSIDQOFMLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- BXFFHSIDQOFMLE-UHFFFAOYSA-M indoxyl sulfate(1-) Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(OS(=O)(=O)[O-])=CNC2=C1 BXFFHSIDQOFMLE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- KPZSTOVTJYRDIO-UHFFFAOYSA-K trichlorocerium;heptahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.Cl[Ce](Cl)Cl KPZSTOVTJYRDIO-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 5
- 208000009852 uremia Diseases 0.000 description 5
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 208000001647 Renal Insufficiency Diseases 0.000 description 4
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 235000010724 Wisteria floribunda Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- OWMVSZAMULFTJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis-tris Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)C(CO)(CO)CO OWMVSZAMULFTJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000010979 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000001866 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920003088 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000031891 intestinal absorption Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 210000004877 mucosa Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 4
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000004804 polysaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- QZAYGJVTTNCVMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N serotonin Chemical compound C1=C(O)C=C2C(CCN)=CNC2=C1 QZAYGJVTTNCVMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 4
- 210000002784 stomach Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 4
- PHIQHXFUZVPYII-ZCFIWIBFSA-N (R)-carnitine Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)C[C@H](O)CC([O-])=O PHIQHXFUZVPYII-ZCFIWIBFSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 208000024172 Cardiovascular disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 239000004375 Dextrin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001353 Dextrin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920002148 Gellan gum Polymers 0.000 description 3
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OUYCCCASQSFEME-QMMMGPOBSA-N L-tyrosine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 OUYCCCASQSFEME-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000161 Locust bean gum Polymers 0.000 description 3
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 101710136122 Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- ZUAAPNNKRHMPKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;butanedioic acid;methanol;propane-1,2-diol Chemical compound OC.CC(O)=O.CC(O)CO.OC(=O)CCC(O)=O ZUAAPNNKRHMPKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Natural products N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000003149 assay kit Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 3
- UNJPQTDTZAKTFK-UHFFFAOYSA-K cerium(iii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Ce+3] UNJPQTDTZAKTFK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007910 chewable tablet Substances 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000019425 dextrin Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000037213 diet Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 3
- UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Chemical compound OC1C(O)C(OC)OC(CO)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(C(O)C(OC3C(C(O)C(O)C(CO)O3)O)C(CO)O2)O)C(CO)O1 UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000639 hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetate succinate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000968 intestinal effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 201000006370 kidney failure Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000003908 liver function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000010420 locust bean gum Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000711 locust bean gum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920003145 methacrylic acid copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229940117841 methacrylic acid copolymer Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002772 monosaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008085 renal dysfunction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000004671 saturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- IFGCUJZIWBUILZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium 2-[[2-[[hydroxy-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyphosphoryl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid Chemical compound [Na+].C=1NC2=CC=CC=C2C=1CC(C(O)=O)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NP(O)(=O)OC1OC(C)C(O)C(O)C1O IFGCUJZIWBUILZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000013595 supernatant sample Substances 0.000 description 3
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 239000006188 syrup Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000020357 syrup Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 description 3
- OUYCCCASQSFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N tyrosine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 OUYCCCASQSFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N α-D-glucopyranosyl-α-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(CO)O1 HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GOLXRNDWAUTYKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CCC(=O)O)=CNC2=C1 GOLXRNDWAUTYKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010003210 Arteriosclerosis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000014644 Brain disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 206010010774 Constipation Diseases 0.000 description 2
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N D-gluconic acid Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000037147 Hypercalcaemia Diseases 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DLRVVLDZNNYCBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Polydextrose Polymers OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)O1 DLRVVLDZNNYCBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KHNXRSIBRKBJDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sevelamer hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.NCC=C.ClCC1CO1 KHNXRSIBRKBJDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-WSWWMNSNSA-N Trehalose Natural products O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-WSWWMNSNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102000057288 Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenases Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 102000005506 Tryptophan Hydroxylase Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010031944 Tryptophan Hydroxylase Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 108091000100 Tyrosine Phenol-Lyase Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 238000000862 absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000274 adsorptive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000783 alginic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960001126 alginic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 150000004781 alginic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-LIZSDCNHSA-N alpha,alpha-trehalose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-LIZSDCNHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000011775 arteriosclerosis disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000011888 autopsy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000037358 bacterial metabolism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004166 bioassay Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000004204 blood vessel Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229960004203 carnitine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 208000022831 chronic renal failure syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009918 complex formation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000013325 dietary fiber Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000002016 disaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000008298 dragée Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002183 duodenal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229960002413 ferric citrate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- BTCSSZJGUNDROE-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-aminobutyric acid Chemical compound NCCCC(O)=O BTCSSZJGUNDROE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000004211 gastric acid Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 235000010492 gellan gum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000216 gellan gum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000591 gum Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000007902 hard capsule Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylenetetramine Chemical compound C1N(C2)CN3CN1CN2C3 VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000148 hypercalcaemia Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000030915 hypercalcemia disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000012729 immediate-release (IR) formulation Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940076263 indole Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NPFOYSMITVOQOS-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(III) citrate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NPFOYSMITVOQOS-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- YGPSJZOEDVAXAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N kynurenine Chemical compound OC(=O)C(N)CC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1N YGPSJZOEDVAXAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000004185 liver Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002503 metabolic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920001542 oligosaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000002482 oligosaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000006191 orally-disintegrating tablet Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005486 organic electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010979 pH adjustment Methods 0.000 description 2
- CTYRPMDGLDAWRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl hydrogen sulfate Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 CTYRPMDGLDAWRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WTJKGGKOPKCXLL-RRHRGVEJSA-N phosphatidylcholine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC WTJKGGKOPKCXLL-RRHRGVEJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006187 pill Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 239000013074 reference sample Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000003296 saliva Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229940076279 serotonin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960003027 sevelamer hydrochloride Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007901 soft capsule Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007940 sugar coated tablet Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000375 suspending agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003722 vitamin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000010493 xanthan gum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000230 xanthan gum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940082509 xanthan gum Drugs 0.000 description 2
- OGNSCSPNOLGXSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-DABA Natural products NCCC(N)C(O)=O OGNSCSPNOLGXSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LUEWUZLMQUOBSB-FSKGGBMCSA-N (2s,3s,4s,5s,6r)-2-[(2r,3s,4r,5r,6s)-6-[(2r,3s,4r,5s,6s)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(2r,4r,5s,6r)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H](O[C@@H]2[C@H](O[C@@H](OC3[C@H](O[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]3O)CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H]2O)CO)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O LUEWUZLMQUOBSB-FSKGGBMCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N (S)-malic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KZEVSDGEBAJOTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)-2-[5-[2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidin-5-yl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]ethanone Chemical compound N1N=NC=2CN(CCC=21)C(CC=1OC(=NN=1)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)=O KZEVSDGEBAJOTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OWEGMIWEEQEYGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 100676-05-9 Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(OC(O)C(O)C2O)CO)O1 OWEGMIWEEQEYGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YJLUBHOZZTYQIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[5-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]-1-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethanone Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C1=NN=C(O1)CC(=O)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 YJLUBHOZZTYQIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLZOPXRUQYQQID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)-1-[4-[2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]propan-1-one Chemical compound N1N=NC=2CN(CCC=21)CCC(=O)N1CCN(CC1)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F YLZOPXRUQYQQID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SLXKOJJOQWFEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-aminohexanoic acid Chemical compound NCCCCCC(O)=O SLXKOJJOQWFEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000004998 Abdominal Pain Diseases 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 208000010444 Acidosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N Alpha-Lactose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010002091 Anaesthesia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000003823 Aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000121 Aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000416162 Astragalus gummifer Species 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical class [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000017667 Chronic Disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000008186 Collagen Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010035532 Collagen Proteins 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N D-Mannitol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-gluconic acid Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002307 Dextran Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 206010012735 Diarrhoea Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000522213 Dichilus lebeckioides Species 0.000 description 1
- 108010010256 Dietary Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000015781 Dietary Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 206010052804 Drug tolerance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010013886 Dysaesthesia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000016942 Elastin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010014258 Elastin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000032274 Encephalopathy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000008857 Ferritin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 238000008416 Ferritin Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108050000784 Ferritin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229930091371 Fructose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000005715 Fructose Substances 0.000 description 1
- RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N Fructose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002581 Glucomannan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutamic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCC(O)=O WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004471 Glycine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002907 Guar gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 206010019233 Headaches Diseases 0.000 description 1
- SQUHHTBVTRBESD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hexa-Ac-myo-Inositol Natural products CC(=O)OC1C(OC(C)=O)C(OC(C)=O)C(OC(C)=O)C(OC(C)=O)C1OC(C)=O SQUHHTBVTRBESD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001612 Hydroxyethyl starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 201000002980 Hyperparathyroidism Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010020772 Hypertension Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000013038 Hypocalcemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000029663 Hypophosphatemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010021143 Hypoxia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010067745 Intestinal mucosal atrophy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-REOHCLBHSA-N L-aspartic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(O)=O CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N L-glutamic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(O)=O WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N Lactose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108090000856 Lyases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004317 Lyases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-PICCSMPSSA-N Maltose Natural products O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-PICCSMPSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930195725 Mannitol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AKWAMYWEYQNNBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Ce] Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Ce] AKWAMYWEYQNNBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000001132 Osteoporosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920001100 Polydextrose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000700157 Rattus norvegicus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000292488 Rhizopogon roseolus Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000013738 Sleep Initiation and Maintenance disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010073771 Soybean Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 240000004584 Tamarindus indica Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000004298 Tamarindus indica Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 208000007536 Thrombosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102100040653 Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- TVXBFESIOXBWNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Xylitol Natural products OCCC(O)C(O)C(O)CCO TVXBFESIOXBWNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FPWJLQXCGHQXLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N [P].OP(O)(O)=O Chemical compound [P].OP(O)(O)=O FPWJLQXCGHQXLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000001015 abdomen Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 208000020560 abdominal swelling Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000010489 acacia gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001785 acacia senegal l. willd gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- IYKJEILNJZQJPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;butanedioic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O.OC(=O)CCC(O)=O IYKJEILNJZQJPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YBCVMFKXIKNREZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N acoh acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O YBCVMFKXIKNREZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-PHYPRBDBSA-N alpha-D-galactose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-PHYPRBDBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-hydroxysuccinic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002684 aminocaproic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000037005 anaesthesia Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000007502 anemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004596 appetite loss Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000003704 aspartic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PGJHGXFYDZHMAV-UHFFFAOYSA-K azanium;cerium(3+);disulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[Ce+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PGJHGXFYDZHMAV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- HKVFISRIUUGTIB-UHFFFAOYSA-O azanium;cerium;nitrate Chemical compound [NH4+].[Ce].[O-][N+]([O-])=O HKVFISRIUUGTIB-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQFSQFPPLPISGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-carboxyaspartic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(N)C(C(O)=O)C(O)=O OQFSQFPPLPISGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QUYVBRFLSA-N beta-maltose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QUYVBRFLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019658 bitter taste Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010241 blood sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001124 body fluid Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000010839 body fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- PASOAYSIZAJOCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N butanoic acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O.CCCC(O)=O PASOAYSIZAJOCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002308 calcification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000011088 calibration curve Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002090 carbon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000010418 carrageenan Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000679 carrageenan Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001525 carrageenan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940113118 carrageenan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001759 cerium oxalate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VYLVYHXQOHJDJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K cerium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ce](Cl)Cl VYLVYHXQOHJDJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- ZMZNLKYXLARXFY-UHFFFAOYSA-H cerium(3+);oxalate Chemical compound [Ce+3].[Ce+3].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O ZMZNLKYXLARXFY-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- VGBWDOLBWVJTRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K cerium(3+);triacetate Chemical compound [Ce+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O VGBWDOLBWVJTRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- GHLITDDQOMIBFS-UHFFFAOYSA-H cerium(3+);tricarbonate Chemical compound [Ce+3].[Ce+3].[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O GHLITDDQOMIBFS-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- QCCDYNYSHILRDG-UHFFFAOYSA-K cerium(3+);trifluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[F-].[Ce+3] QCCDYNYSHILRDG-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- OZECDDHOAMNMQI-UHFFFAOYSA-H cerium(3+);trisulfate Chemical compound [Ce+3].[Ce+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OZECDDHOAMNMQI-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OEYIOHPDSNJKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N choline Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CCO OEYIOHPDSNJKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001231 choline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000015165 citric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001436 collagen Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010668 complexation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- NXMUXTAGFPJGTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N decanoic acid;octanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(O)=O.CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O NXMUXTAGFPJGTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011033 desalting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001784 detoxification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021245 dietary protein Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000020805 dietary restrictions Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007884 disintegrant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000035475 disorder Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000003937 drug carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002651 drug therapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002296 dynamic light scattering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007938 effervescent tablet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002549 elastin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001839 endoscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009505 enteric coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002702 enteric coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001249 ethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000005713 exacerbation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029142 excretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003631 expected effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012041 food component Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000037406 food intake Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000003599 food sweetener Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 1
- JTLXCMOFVBXEKD-FOWTUZBSSA-N fursultiamine Chemical compound C1CCOC1CSSC(\CCO)=C(/C)N(C=O)CC1=CN=C(C)N=C1N JTLXCMOFVBXEKD-FOWTUZBSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950006836 fursultiamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930182830 galactose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229960003692 gamma aminobutyric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940046240 glucomannan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000174 gluconic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012208 gluconic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000002791 glucosyl group Chemical group C1([C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O1)CO)* 0.000 description 1
- 235000013922 glutamic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004220 glutamic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002449 glycine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010417 guar gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000665 guar gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002154 guar gum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940093915 gynecological organic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000026781 habituation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000869 headache Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000004312 hexamethylene tetramine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010299 hexamethylene tetramine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZILMEHNWSRQIEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O.CCCCCC(O)=O ZILMEHNWSRQIEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001261 hydroxy acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940050526 hydroxyethylstarch Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920003132 hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000705 hypocalcaemia Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007529 inorganic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960000367 inositol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CDAISMWEOUEBRE-GPIVLXJGSA-N inositol Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O CDAISMWEOUEBRE-GPIVLXJGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010022437 insomnia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000002425 internal capsule Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000000936 intestine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007794 irritation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002603 lanthanum Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AFCUGQOTNCVYSW-UHFFFAOYSA-H lanthanum(3+);tricarbonate;hydrate Chemical compound O.[La+3].[La+3].[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O AFCUGQOTNCVYSW-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021266 loss of appetite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 208000019017 loss of appetite Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001630 malic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011090 malic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000594 mannitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010355 mannitol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960001855 mannitol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010534 mechanism of action Effects 0.000 description 1
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N meso ribitol Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002207 metabolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000027361 mineral metabolism disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000004400 mucous membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 201000001119 neuropathy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000007823 neuropathy Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009965 odorless effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 201000008482 osteoarthritis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000005368 osteomalacia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000001151 other effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000035824 paresthesia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000001575 pathological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000010987 pectin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001814 pectin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001277 pectin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 208000033808 peripheral neuropathy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000825 pharmaceutical preparation Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940127557 pharmaceutical product Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002694 phosphate binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001495 poly(sodium acrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000013856 polydextrose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001259 polydextrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940035035 polydextrose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940100467 polyvinyl acetate phthalate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010408 potassium alginate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000737 potassium alginate Substances 0.000 description 1
- MZYRDLHIWXQJCQ-YZOKENDUSA-L potassium alginate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].O1[C@@H](C([O-])=O)[C@@H](OC)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](C([O-])=O)O[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O MZYRDLHIWXQJCQ-YZOKENDUSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000004393 prognosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- SXBRULKJHUOQCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N propanoic acid Chemical compound CCC(O)=O.CCC(O)=O SXBRULKJHUOQCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 201000002793 renal fibrosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000002271 resection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000003441 saturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 1
- CDAISMWEOUEBRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N scyllo-inosotol Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C1O CDAISMWEOUEBRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000037921 secondary disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MFBOGIVSZKQAPD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium butyrate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCC([O-])=O MFBOGIVSZKQAPD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BYKRNSHANADUFY-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium octanoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCC([O-])=O BYKRNSHANADUFY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium polyacrylate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C=C NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- JXKPEJDQGNYQSM-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium propionate Chemical compound [Na+].CCC([O-])=O JXKPEJDQGNYQSM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004324 sodium propionate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010334 sodium propionate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960003212 sodium propionate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000004872 soft tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002920 sorbitol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940001941 soy protein Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000952 spleen Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000011425 standardization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000000185 sucrose group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009495 sugar coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009747 swallowing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003765 sweetening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001839 systemic circulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000010491 tara gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000213 tara gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009967 tasteless effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- UIERGBJEBXXIGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiamine mononitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O.CC1=C(CCO)SC=[N+]1CC1=CN=C(C)N=C1N UIERGBJEBXXIGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical group [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229960004441 tyrosine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003828 vacuum filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002792 vascular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001631 vena cava inferior Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000811 xylitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010447 xylitol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N xylitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002675 xylitol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L zinc;1-(5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)-3-[(1s,2s)-2-(6-fluoro-2-hydroxy-3-propanoylphenyl)cyclopropyl]urea;diacetate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C([C@H]2[C@H](C2)NC(=O)NC=2N=CC(=CC=2)C#N)=C1O UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P7/00—Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
- A61P7/08—Plasma substitutes; Perfusion solutions; Dialytics or haemodialytics; Drugs for electrolytic or acid-base disorders, e.g. hypovolemic shock
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
- A61K33/24—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
- A61K33/244—Lanthanides; Compounds thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
- A61K47/08—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing oxygen, e.g. ethers, acetals, ketones, quinones, aldehydes, peroxides
- A61K47/12—Carboxylic acids; Salts or anhydrides thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
- A61K47/16—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing nitrogen, e.g. nitro-, nitroso-, azo-compounds, nitriles, cyanates
- A61K47/18—Amines; Amides; Ureas; Quaternary ammonium compounds; Amino acids; Oligopeptides having up to five amino acids
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
- A61K47/32—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. carbomers, poly(meth)acrylates, or polyvinyl pyrrolidone
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/10—Dispersions; Emulsions
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P13/00—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system
- A61P13/12—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system of the kidneys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
- C01F17/00—Compounds of rare earth metals
- C01F17/20—Compounds containing only rare earth metals as the metal element
- C01F17/206—Compounds containing only rare earth metals as the metal element oxide or hydroxide being the only anion
- C01F17/224—Oxides or hydroxides of lanthanides
- C01F17/235—Cerium oxides or hydroxides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
- A61K9/50—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals
- A61K9/51—Nanocapsules; Nanoparticles
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition containing a cerium compound as an active ingredient.
- the present invention also reduces or increases levels of one or more selected from therapeutic agents for renal disease, particularly serum creatinine (CRE), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum phosphorus (IP). Regarding a drug for treating renal disease for suppression.
- the present invention also relates to a phosphorus adsorbent.
- kidney disease Treatment of kidney disease focuses on slowing the progression and preventing complications caused by decreased kidney function by supplementing kidney function with drugs, which worsens kidney disease and kidneys. In the event of failure, there is no silver bullet to cure the renal failure. Drug therapy and diet therapy are used to slow the progression of kidney disease. In addition, if kidney disease progresses, dialysis therapy is required.
- Non-Patent Document 1 In chronic kidney disease, for example, there is a concern that substances (uremia) that cause uremia that should be excreted outside the body increase and accumulate in the body as renal function declines, leading to a condition called uremia.
- uremic toxins such as indoxyl sulfate, p-cresyl sulfate, and trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) are metabolites produced via intestinal bacterial metabolism.
- TMAO trimethylamine-N-oxide
- tryptophan, tyrosine, choline, L-carnitine, etc. ingested as dietary components reach the large intestine without being absorbed up to the small intestine, they undergo intestinal bacterial metabolism and undergo indole, p-cresol, phenol, trimethylamine (TMA), respectively.
- TMA trimethylamine
- uremic precursors When these uremic precursors are absorbed in the body, they migrate from the systemic circulation and are metabolized in the liver to uremic toxins such as indoxyl sulfate, p-cresyl sulfate, phenyl sulfate, and TMAO, respectively.
- uremic toxins such as indoxyl sulfate, p-cresyl sulfate, phenyl sulfate, and TMAO, respectively.
- uremic toxins are excreted from the body together with urine when renal function is functioning normally, but when excretion is delayed and accumulated in the blood, it is said to promote the progression of renal failure.
- Indoxyl sulfate and p-cresyl sulfate are uremic toxins whose toxicity has been widely studied.
- TMAO is a urinary toxin that is attracting attention as a substance involved in cardiovascular disease, and is thought to contribute to the promotion of arteriosclerosis and thrombus formation, and the relationship between blood concentration and the onset of cardiovascular disease has been reported. Furthermore, it has been shown that renal disorders and promotion of renal fibrosis are promoted.
- Accumulation of urinary toxins in the body includes various renal failures such as sleeplessness, headache, loss of appetite, dysesthesia, hypertension, anemia, neuropathy, cardiovascular disease, osteoarthritis, bone mineral metabolism disorder, infection, and malignant tumor.
- various renal failures such as sleeplessness, headache, loss of appetite, dysesthesia, hypertension, anemia, neuropathy, cardiovascular disease, osteoarthritis, bone mineral metabolism disorder, infection, and malignant tumor.
- the adsorbed charcoal preparation suppresses the absorption of uremic toxin or its precursor from the intestinal tract by adsorbing uremic toxin or its precursor in the gastrointestinal tract and excreting it together with stool. It is an oral adsorbent that has the effect of improving the symptoms of uremia and delaying the introduction of dialysis by reducing the burden on the kidney (for example, Patent Document 1).
- the above-mentioned adsorbed charcoal preparation suppresses the amount of tryptophan, indole, etc. absorbed in the body by adsorbing tryptophan, indole, etc. in the intestinal tract, and as a result, assists renal function by reducing indoxyl sulfate, etc. It is supposed to be done.
- a phosphorus binder may be used as a combination of dietary restrictions.
- Phosphate binder suppresses the increase in blood phosphorus concentration due to intestinal absorption by binding and excreting phosphorus from the diet in the digestive tract.
- organic and inorganic oral phosphorus binders have been used as therapeutic agents for hyperphosphatemia.
- an organic oral phosphorus binder a sevelamer hydrochloride preparation and the like are known.
- an inorganic oral phosphorus binder an aluminum hydroxide preparation, a calcium carbonate preparation, a ferric citrate preparation and the like are known.
- the sevelamer hydrochloride preparation is known to have side effects such as constipation, abdominal pain, abdominal swelling, and induction of highly chlorinated metabolic acidose, and its dose is limited.
- aluminum hydroxide preparations are known to cause brain disorders such as aluminum encephalopathy and osteomalacia due to aluminum deposition, and their use is prohibited in Japan.
- Calcium carbonate preparations have high phosphorus adsorption capacity and are inexpensive, but cause problems such as calcification in soft tissues and blood vessels due to hypercalcemia.
- ferric citrate preparations increase the risk of various chronic diseases such as diarrhea and constipation, increased serum ferritin, and iron accumulation in tissues.
- Lanthanum carbonate hydrate preparations have been widely used as phosphorus binders.
- Lanthanum carbonate has excellent phosphorus adsorbing ability, has a low risk of causing hypercalcemia, is hardly absorbed in the body, and is widely used as a phosphorus adsorbent with relatively few side effects.
- Patent Document 2 describes a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of hyperphosphatemia, which comprises lanthanum carbonate mixed with or associated with a diluent or carrier.
- Non-Patent Document 2 Whether or not lanthanum deposition has pathological significance is not clear at this time, but this lanthanum deposition is a major concern for long-term administration of carbonated lanthanum preparations.
- Non-Patent Document 3 it has been reported that lanthanum carbonate forms a complex with casein phospeptide in casein, and the lanthanum becomes solubilized, which may promote the absorption of lanthanum in the body.
- the first object of the present invention is to provide a novel pharmaceutical composition containing a cerium compound as an active ingredient.
- the present invention also provides a therapeutic agent for renal disease, particularly to reduce the level of one or more selected from serum creatinine (CRE), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and serum phosphorus (IP).
- CRE serum creatinine
- BUN blood urea nitrogen
- IP serum phosphorus
- the third object of the present invention is to provide a phosphorus adsorbent that is comparable to or has a better phosphorus adsorbing ability than a conventional phosphorus adsorbent.
- the present invention that solves the above-mentioned problems is a pharmaceutical composition containing a cerium compound as an active ingredient.
- the pharmaceutical composition is a therapeutic agent for renal disease.
- the pharmaceutical composition is a phosphorus adsorbent.
- the pharmaceutical composition is an adsorbent for a uremic toxin precursor.
- the pharmaceutical composition is used for reducing or suppressing an increase in serum creatinine (CRE) level.
- CRE serum creatinine
- the pharmaceutical composition is used for reducing or suppressing an increase in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level.
- BUN blood urea nitrogen
- the cerium compound is coated with a dispersant.
- a dispersant By forming the cerium compound particles in the presence of the dispersant, it is possible to suppress the coalescence or coalescence of the cerium compound nuclei generated in the early stage of the particle formation process. As a result, the particle size of the final cerium compound can be reduced, and the pharmaceutical composition reacts with a substance to be acted upon (hereinafter, also referred to as a substance to be acted upon) such as phosphorus (phosphoric acid) and a uretoxin precursor. It is possible to secure the reaction boundary area. Further, by appropriately setting the manufacturing conditions, it is possible to manufacture with high productivity.
- the cerium compound particles are coated with the dispersant, the complex formation reaction between the cerium compound and the component forming the complex is suppressed, so that the absorption of the cerium compound or the cerium component in the digestive tract can be suppressed. can. Furthermore, since the cerium compound particles are coated with the dispersant, the redispersibility in the aqueous solution is improved even when the cerium compound is in a dry state, so that it can be applied to all dosage forms. Become.
- the dispersant is a dispersant having a carboxy group and / or a carboxylate group.
- a dispersant having a carboxy group and / or a carboxylate group is excellent in coating property to a cerium compound.
- the dispersant is one or more selected from the group consisting of fatty acids, polycarboxylic acids, amino acids and pharmaceutically acceptable salts or derivatives thereof.
- the fatty acid has 8 or less carbon atoms.
- a fatty acid having a relatively small carbon number, that is, a low molecular weight as a dispersant in this way, a wider reaction boundary area with the substance to be acted upon can be expected and other effects can be expected.
- the polycarboxylic acid is polyacrylic acid.
- the amino acid has 8 or less carbon atoms.
- the cerium compound is cerium compound fine particles, and the average primary particle size of the cerium compound fine particles is 100 nm or less.
- the primary particle diameter of the cerium compound fine particles is 100 nm or less, the adsorption ability to the object to be adsorbed and the action to other substances to be acted upon can be further enhanced.
- the cerium compound is water insoluble.
- a water-insoluble cerium compound By using a water-insoluble cerium compound, absorption of the cerium compound or the cerium component in the gastrointestinal tract and deposition on the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract can be suppressed.
- the cerium compound is one or more selected from the group consisting of cerium oxides, hydroxides, acid hydroxides, sucrose oxides and fluorides.
- the pharmaceutical composition is for oral use.
- the pharmaceutical composition is a composition for hemodialysis.
- the present invention that solves the above-mentioned problems is a method for producing cerium oxide fine particles, which comprises the following steps.
- Step A A cerium salt of 0.2 mol / L or more, a dispersant, and water are put in a reaction vessel, and the solution is stirred while maintaining the temperature of the solution at 5 to 35 ° C. to prepare a solution.
- Step B A cerium salt of 0.2 mol / L or more, a dispersant, and water are put in a reaction vessel, and the solution is stirred while maintaining the temperature of the solution at 5 to 35 ° C. to prepare a solution.
- Step B a required amount of hydrogen peroxide solution is added to the solution.
- Processcess C a hydroxide ion source of 1 mol / L or more is added to the solution.
- Step D While maintaining stirring, the temperature of this solution is raised, maintained for a predetermined time, and then lowered to room temperature.
- Step E Then, the solution is adjusted to a predetermined concentration to obtain a cerium oxide aqueous dispersion.
- cerium oxide fine particles which conventionally had to be prepared under a dilute solution, can be produced at a high concentration, and the yield of cerium oxide fine particles is high.
- the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems is the use of a cerium compound in the production of a therapeutic agent for renal diseases.
- the preferred form of the cerium compound and the preferred form of use are as described above.
- the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems is the use of a cerium compound as an active ingredient for the treatment of renal diseases.
- the preferred form of the cerium compound and the preferred form of use are as described above.
- the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems is a cerium compound for use in the treatment of renal diseases.
- the preferred form of the cerium compound and the preferred form of use are as described above.
- the present invention which solves the above-mentioned problems, is a method for treating renal disease, which comprises administering a cerium compound to a subject in need of treatment for renal disease.
- a cerium compound to a subject in need of treatment for renal disease.
- the preferred form of the cerium compound and the preferred form of use are as described above.
- a novel pharmaceutical composition containing a cerium compound can be obtained.
- the pharmaceutical composition according to one aspect of the present invention has excellent gastrointestinal absorption or gastrointestinal deposition of the cerium compound or its metal component, and is excellent in suitability as an oral preparation.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention has a phosphorus adsorbing ability comparable to or better than that of a conventional phosphorus adsorbent, and is excellent in suitability as an oral preparation. Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention has an ability to adsorb uremic toxin precursors and is excellent in suitability as an oral preparation.
- the serum creatinine (CRE), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and / or serum phosphorus (IP) concentration can be reduced or the increase in the concentration can be suppressed. ..
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- Cerium compound is a pharmaceutical composition containing a cerium compound as an active ingredient.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention contains a cerium compound as an active ingredient having a phosphorus adsorbing ability.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention contains a cerium compound as an active ingredient having an ability to adsorb urinary toxin precursors such as indole.
- the cerium compound may be any of a compound having a cerium valence of trivalent and a tetravalent compound, and may be a mixed system of these compounds.
- These cerium compounds may be anhydrous or hydrated.
- a pharmaceutically acceptable metal other than cerium may be solid-dissolved in these cerium compounds, but the molar ratio to cerium is less than 0.5.
- These cerium compounds may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- a cerium compound having low water solubility is preferable.
- the solubility of the cerium compounds, with respect to 20 ° C. Water 100g (g / 100g H 2 O ), is preferably 0.1 or less, more preferably 1 ⁇ 10 -4 or less, more preferably 1 ⁇ 10 It is -7 or less, particularly preferably 2 ⁇ 10 -9 or less, and most preferably 1 ⁇ 10 -9 or less.
- the cerium compound it is preferable to use a water-insoluble cerium compound.
- the cerium compound having low water solubility or water insoluble include cerium oxide, cerium hydroxide, and cerium acid hydroxide. Of these, cerium oxide is particularly preferable. These cerium compounds may be anhydrous or hydrated. In the present invention, cerium compounds having low water solubility or being water-insoluble are collectively referred to as water-insoluble cerium compounds.
- cerium compound having low water solubility or water insoluble as the cerium compound, it is possible to suppress the intestinal absorption of the cerium compound or the cerium component derived from the cerium compound or the deposition on the gastrointestinal mucosa.
- the cerium compound is preferably in the form of particles, more preferably in the form of fine particles.
- the average primary particle size of the cerium compound fine particles is preferably 100 nm or less, more preferably 50 nm or less, still more preferably 30 nm or less, particularly preferably 20 nm or less, and most preferably 10 nm or less.
- the average primary particle diameter can be obtained as an average value of the diameters measured for any 10 or more particles from the captured image by taking an image of the particles using an electron microscope. It can also be performed by analyzing the scattering spectrum by a dynamic light scattering method, but in this case, correction by electron microscope observation is required.
- the cerium compound used in the present invention is preferably in a state of being dispersed in an aqueous solution.
- the cerium compound is more preferably in a state of being dispersed in the aqueous solution, and is also in a state of being dispersed in the aqueous solution without going through a dry state in the formulation process. It is more preferable, and most preferably, it is in a state of being dispersed in an aqueous solution until its use.
- the crystal phase of the cerium compound is not particularly limited, but when the cerium compound is cerium oxide, the crystal surface may mainly consist of at least one of the ⁇ 100 ⁇ plane, the ⁇ 111 ⁇ plane, or the ⁇ 110 ⁇ plane. It is more preferable that it is composed of at least one of ⁇ 100 ⁇ planes or ⁇ 111 ⁇ planes, and most preferably it is composed of ⁇ 100 ⁇ planes.
- the content of the cerium compound with respect to the total amount of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.001 to 99.9% by mass, more preferably 0.01 to 98.5% by mass.
- the cerium compound contained in the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is preferably coated with a dispersant.
- a dispersant By forming the cerium compound particles in the presence of the dispersant, it is possible to suppress the coalescence or coalescence of the cerium compound nuclei generated in the early stage of the particle formation process. As a result, the particle size of the final cerium compound can be reduced, and a large reaction boundary area, which is the surface of the particles that react with the substance to be acted on, such as an adsorbed substance, can be secured. Further, by appropriately setting the manufacturing conditions, it is possible to manufacture with high productivity. Furthermore, since the cerium compound particles are coated with the dispersant, the redispersibility in the aqueous solution is improved even when the cerium compound is in a dry state, so that it can be applied to all dosage forms. Will be.
- the molecular weight of a compound that can be absorbed in the small intestine and the large intestine is 600 or less in the small intestine and 300 or less in the large intestine.
- the dispersant by coating the dispersant with the cerium compound, the complex formation reaction between the cerium compound and a component having a complex-forming ability such as caseinphospeptide can be inhibited, and the intestinal absorption of the cerium compound or the cerium component thereof can be suppressed. can.
- a dispersant having at least one of a carboxy group or a carboxylate group as a functional group is preferable. That is, as the dispersant, a carboxylic acid, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and a derivative thereof are preferable.
- a dispersant having at least one of a carboxy group or a carboxylate group as a functional group is excellent in coating ability to a cerium compound, particularly cerium oxide.
- dispersant examples include hydroxy acids, fatty acids, aromatic carboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids, oxocarboxylic acids, and amino acids, as well as pharmaceutically acceptable salts or derivatives thereof, and fatty acids, polycarboxylic acids, and the like. And amino acids, and one or more selected from the group consisting of pharmaceutically acceptable salts or derivatives thereof.
- the preferred dispersant will be described in detail.
- the fatty acid used as the dispersant in the present invention may be either a saturated fatty acid or an unsaturated fatty acid, and a saturated fatty acid is preferable.
- the fatty acid used as the dispersant may be a linear fatty acid, a branched fatty acid, or a cyclic fatty acid, and a linear fatty acid is preferable.
- the number of carbon atoms of the fatty acid is preferably less than 10, more preferably 8 or less, and further preferably 6 or less. Further, the number of carbon atoms of the fatty acid is preferably 2 or more.
- a fatty acid having a small number of carbon atoms has a low molecular weight and has an appropriate degree of hydrophobicity.
- Fatty acids include saturated fatty acids such as ethanoic acid (acetic acid), propanoic acid (propionic acid), butyric acid (butyric acid), pentanoic acid (valeric acid), hexanoic acid (caproic acid), and octanoic acid (capric acid).
- ethanoic acid acetic acid
- propanoic acid propionic acid
- butyric acid butyric acid
- pentanoic acid valeric acid
- hexanoic acid caproic acid
- octanoic acid capric acid
- the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the fatty acid and its derivative an alkali metal salt such as a sodium salt and a potassium salt, or an ammonium salt is preferable.
- the fatty acid salt include sodium acetate, sodium propionate, sodium butyrate, sodium octanate and the like.
- polyacrylic acid is preferable.
- an alkali metal salt such as a sodium salt and a potassium salt, or an ammonium salt is preferable.
- a polycarboxylic acid When a polycarboxylic acid is used as the dispersant, its molecular weight is preferably 10,000 or less, more preferably 8,000 or less, still more preferably 5,000 or less, and particularly preferably 3,000 or less. Is less than 1,500.
- Polycarboxylic acids having a low molecular weight have moderate hydrophobicity.
- By using an appropriate production condition using a polycarboxylic acid having a low molecular weight as a dispersant it is possible to suppress coalescence between the nuclei produced and strong adhesion such as coalescence during the production of cerium compound particles. Flocculations with relatively weak interactions can be formed. Therefore, it is possible to produce cerium compound particles with high productivity while securing the reaction boundary area which is the surface of the particles that react with the substance to be acted on, such as the substance to be adsorbed.
- amino acid used as the dispersant in the present invention a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a derivative (hereinafter, simply referred to as an amino acid unless otherwise specified), it is preferable to use an amino acid having less than 10 carbon atoms. ..
- the number of carbon atoms of the amino acid is more preferably 8 or less, still more preferably 6 or less. Further, the number of carbon atoms of the amino acid is preferably 2 or more.
- Amino acids with a small number of carbon atoms have a low molecular weight and have appropriate homophobicity.
- this amino acid having a small number of carbon atoms as a dispersant and using appropriate production conditions, it is possible to suppress the coagulation between the nuclei produced and the strong adhesion such as coalescence during the production of cerium compound particles. Flocculation with relatively weak interaction can be formed. Therefore, it is possible to produce cerium compound particles with high productivity while securing the reaction boundary area which is the surface of the particles that react with the substance to be acted on, such as the substance to be adsorbed.
- amino acid one kind selected from glycine, ⁇ -aminobutyric acid, and 6-aminocaproic acid, or two or more kinds are preferable.
- the content ratio of the dispersant component to the cerium compound is preferably 1: 0.001 to 1: 1.2, more preferably 1: 0.003 to 1: 0.3. In another preferred embodiment, the content ratio of the dispersant component to the cerium compound is preferably 1: 0.001 to 1:10, more preferably 1: 0.003 to 1: 3. When two or more kinds of dispersants are used, the content ratio of the total amount of the dispersants to the cerium compound is preferably within the above range.
- the content of the dispersant component with respect to the total amount of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.01 to 4% by mass, more preferably 0.05 to 2% by mass. In another preferred embodiment, the content of the dispersant component with respect to the total amount of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.01 to 20% by mass, more preferably 0.05 to 10% by mass. be.
- Step A First, water such as a dispersant, a cerium salt, and another metal salt if necessary is put into a reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer, and the temperature of the solution is maintained at a predetermined temperature while stirring.
- Step B Subsequently, a predetermined amount of hydrogen peroxide solution is added to this solution while maintaining stirring.
- Step C Subsequently, a predetermined amount of hydroxide ion source is added to this solution while maintaining stirring.
- Step D the temperature of this solution is raised to a predetermined temperature, maintained for a predetermined time, and then lowered to about room temperature.
- Step E the solution is adjusted to a predetermined concentration to obtain a cerium oxide aqueous dispersion (cerium compound aqueous dispersion).
- the method for producing cerium oxide fine particles includes the following steps A to E.
- ⁇ Procedure 2> First, a dispersant, a cerium salt, and water are placed in a reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer, and the solution is stirred while maintaining the temperature of the solution at a predetermined temperature to prepare a solution.
- Step B Then, while maintaining stirring, a required amount of hydrogen peroxide solution is added to this solution.
- Step C A hydroxide ion source is then added to this solution while maintaining agitation.
- Step D While maintaining stirring, the temperature of this solution is raised, maintained for a predetermined time, and then lowered to room temperature.
- Step E the solution is filtered and the required amount of water is added to the filtrate to obtain a dispersion liquid or a paste of cerium oxide fine particles. Alternatively, the filtrate can be dried as it is.
- the concentration of the cerium salt in the step A is preferably set to a high concentration from the viewpoint of productivity.
- the concentration of the cerium salt is preferably 0.2 mol / L or more.
- the concentration of the cerium salt is preferably 0.2 to 4.0 mol / L, more preferably 0.4 to 3.5 mol / L, and further preferably 0.5 to 3.0 mol / L. Particularly preferably, it is 0.6 to 2.5 mol / L.
- the metal other than cerium to be dissolved in the cerium compound is not particularly limited as long as it is pharmaceutically acceptable, but the molar ratio to cerium is less than 0.5.
- the dispersant in step A needs to be dissolved and coexist with the cerium salt in advance. Further, the concentration of the dispersant can be appropriately set according to the concentration of the cerium salt so as to be included in the preferable range of the content ratio with the cerium salt described above.
- the content of the dispersant with respect to the mass of the cerium salt is preferably 0.01 to 30% by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 20% by mass, and further preferably 0.1 to 10% by mass.
- the concentration of the dispersant in the reaction solution is preferably 0.1 to 20 g / L, more preferably 0.5 to 15 g / L.
- the temperature of the solution in step A is 5 to 35 ° C, preferably 5 to 30 ° C, more preferably 5 to 25 ° C, still more preferably 5 to 20 ° C.
- the hydrogen peroxide solution in step B has an action of promoting the formation of fine particles.
- the amount of the hydrogen peroxide solution added can be appropriately changed depending on the concentration of the cerium salt, and is, for example, 0 to 4.0 mol / L.
- the hydroxide ion source in step C is preferably one or more selected from the group consisting of aqueous ammonia, sodium hydroxide, and hexamethylenetetramine. It is more preferably one or more selected from aqueous ammonia or sodium hydroxide.
- the concentration of the hydroxide ion source in the step C can be appropriately changed depending on the concentration of the cerium salt, but the concentration in the reaction vessel can be 1 mol / L or more.
- the concentration of the hydroxide ion source is preferably 1 to 10 mol / L, more preferably 2 to 8 mol / L, and further preferably 3 to 5 mol / L.
- the concentration of the hydroxide ion source is preferably 1 to 25 mol / L, more preferably 2 to 20 mol / L, still more preferably 3 to 16 mol / L.
- the concentration of the hydroxide ion source can be 1 to 5 times, preferably 1 to 4 times, more preferably 1.2 to 3.6 times the molar concentration of the cerium salt. It is preferably 1.4 to 3.4 times, more preferably 1.6 to 3.2 times, and most preferably 1.8 to 3.0 times.
- the holding temperature after raising the temperature in step D is preferably 40 to 200 ° C, more preferably 40 to 150 ° C, still more preferably 40 to 120 ° C, particularly preferably 45 to 95 ° C, and most preferably 50 to 65 ° C. be.
- the holding temperature after raising the temperature in step D is preferably 25 to 200 ° C, more preferably 30 to 150 ° C, still more preferably 35 to 120 ° C, and particularly preferably 40 to 95 ° C. Most preferably, it is 45 to 65 ° C.
- the holding time after raising the temperature in step D can be appropriately changed depending on the holding temperature, but is, for example, 0 to 300 minutes, preferably 5 to 240 minutes, more preferably 10 to 180 minutes, and 20 to 180 minutes. It is more preferably 150 minutes, further preferably 30 to 150 minutes, and most preferably 40 to 150 minutes.
- the concentration of cerium salt before concentration of the solution is 0.2 mol / L or more from the viewpoint of productivity. It is preferably 0.2 to 4.0 mol / L, more preferably 0.3 to 3.5 mol / L, further preferably 0.4 to 3.0 mol / L, and 0.5. Most preferably, it is ⁇ 2.5 mol / L.
- cerium oxide fine particles can be concentrated by a known method to obtain a cerium oxide aqueous dispersion (cerium compound aqueous dispersion) having an arbitrary concentration.
- a cerium oxide aqueous dispersion (cerium compound aqueous dispersion) having an arbitrary concentration.
- desalting, adjusting the concentration of the cerium oxide aqueous dispersion by adding water, adjusting the pH by adding an acid or an alkali, and the like can be appropriately performed.
- the cerium oxide fine particles can be made into a dried product as well as an aqueous dispersion or a paste by adjusting the water content.
- the concentration in the step E can be performed by filtering the cerium compound aqueous dispersion by an existing method (procedure 2).
- a filtration method a known method can be used, and for example, natural filtration, vacuum filtration, pressurized filtration, centrifugal filtration, ultrafiltration, dialysis filtration and the like can be appropriately selected.
- the final concentration of the cerium salt in the aqueous dispersion of cerium oxide is preferably 0.3 to 40 mol / L, more preferably 0.5 to 35 mol / L, still more preferably 1 to 30 mol / L. It is preferably concentrated to L, particularly preferably 2 to 25 mol / L.
- Each component can be mixed by a conventional method, for example, using a stirring device such as a homogenizer.
- the filtered or dried product of cerium oxide fine particles obtained in step E or the cerium oxide aqueous dispersion may be used as it is as the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention, or may be used as it is by the method described later.
- a formulated product may be used.
- Cerium oxide fine particles usually need to be prepared under a dilute solution in order to suppress particle aggregation, and therefore the yield productivity is low.
- cerium oxide fine particles can be prepared at a high concentration, and cerium oxide fine particles can be produced at a high yield.
- cerium oxide fine particles are contained as the active ingredient of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention, it is sufficient that cerium oxide is contained as the composition of the fine particles, and the composition is indefinite as a mixture of other cerium compounds such as cerium hydroxide. May be.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is preferably an oral preparation.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention adopts various dosage forms such as solid preparations such as tablets, powders, granules, chewable tablets and capsules, liquid preparations and liquid preparations such as syrups, regardless of the dosage form. can do.
- OD tablets orally disintegrating tablets
- chewable tablets orally disintegrating tablets
- effervescent tablets immediate-release tablets
- sugar-coated tablets and other tablets hard capsules, soft capsules and other capsules, pills, and troches and other solid formulations.
- Semi-solid preparations such as jelly and whipped agents, capsules, and liquid preparations such as emulsions can also be adopted.
- the pharmaceutical composition containing the cerium compound coated with the above-mentioned dispersant has excellent redispersability while ensuring the reaction boundary area of the cerium compound by the dispersant, and is highly versatile.
- a semi-solid or liquid preparation such as a jelly agent, a whipping agent, a syrup agent, a suspension agent, or an emulsion can be preferably adopted.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is preferably in the form of containing a base containing water.
- the content of water with respect to the total amount of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is preferably 1% by mass or more, more preferably 5% by mass or more, still more preferably 10% by mass or more.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention has a property of being easy to swallow even when orally ingested without water.
- the content of water with respect to the total amount of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is preferably 99% by mass or less, more preferably 95% by mass or less, still more preferably 90% by mass or less.
- the base can contain a thickener, a gelling agent, fats and oils, sugar and the like in addition to water.
- the content of the cerium compound with respect to the total amount of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is preferably 0.001 to 95% by mass, more preferably 0.01 to 90% by mass. More preferably, it is 0.02 to 85% by mass.
- the physical properties such as viscosity, breaking stress, and breaking strain rate of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention are preferably in the range shown below.
- the viscosity of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is preferably 100 Pa ⁇ s or less, more preferably 10 Pa ⁇ s or less, still more preferably 1 Pa ⁇ s or less.
- the viscosity indicates the viscosity at a measurement temperature of 25 ° C., and can be measured using a rotary B-type viscometer (for example, LVDV-E of AMETEK Brookfield).
- a rotary B-type viscometer for example, LVDV-E of AMETEK Brookfield
- the breaking stress of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is preferably 1 ⁇ 10 6 Pa or less, more preferably 5 ⁇ 10 5 Pa or less, still more preferably 2 ⁇ 10 5 Pa or less.
- the breaking strain rate of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is preferably 95% or less, more preferably 90% or less, still more preferably 85% or less.
- the rupture stress and the rupture strain rate can be measured at a measurement temperature of 25 ° C. using a creep meter (for example, RE2-3305C of Yamaden Co., Ltd.).
- Semi-solid preparations or liquid preparations are easier to take than solid preparations, and in particular, they can be taken without water, which can greatly contribute to the maintenance and improvement of medication adherence.
- the entire process from particle formation to formulation of the cerium compound, which is the active ingredient is carried out in a wet system without going through a dry state like powder, which may cause particle aggregation. Since the concern about aggregation of the cerium compound particles in the pharmaceutical process can be eliminated, the reaction boundary area on the surface of the cerium compound particles can be secured. As a result, the ability of the cerium compound to adsorb to phosphorus and uremic precursors and the action on other substances to be acted upon can be sufficiently exerted.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is a semi-solid or liquid preparation, which provides medication adherence, adsorption performance of phosphorus and urinary toxin precursors, action performance on other substances to be acted upon, and viewpoint of preparation production. Will have great features.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may be coated with a sugar coating, an enteric coating or the like by a conventional method, if necessary.
- the pharmaceutical composition is in the form of a pharmaceutical composition containing an enteric substance.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may contain an additive that can be blended in a pharmaceutical product, if necessary, as long as the object of the present invention can be achieved.
- sugars monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, or polysaccharides
- the monosaccharide is glucose, fructose or galactose, sugar alcohol, mannitol, xylitol, inositol or sorbitol
- the disaccharide is sucrose, lactose, maltose or trehalose, etc.
- the oligosaccharide is the weight of the above monosaccharide.
- the coalesced and polysaccharides include dextrin and hydroxyethyl starch. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more, and among them, dextrin or trehalose, or a mixture thereof can be preferably used.
- Electrolytes examples thereof include sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron, copper, manganese, iodine and the like for maintaining the function of a living body and the electrolyte balance of body fluids. These may be contained as an inorganic electrolyte component or may be contained as an organic electrolyte component. Examples of the inorganic electrolyte component include alkali metals such as chlorides, sulfates and carbon oxides, and salts of alkaline earth metals.
- Organic electrolyte components include salts of organic acids such as citric acid, lactic acid, amino acids (eg glutamic acid, aspartic acid, etc.), alginic acid, malic acid or gluconic acid and inorganic bases such as alkali metal or alkaline earth metal. Can be mentioned.
- organic acids such as citric acid, lactic acid, amino acids (eg glutamic acid, aspartic acid, etc.), alginic acid, malic acid or gluconic acid and inorganic bases such as alkali metal or alkaline earth metal. Can be mentioned.
- Vitamin B1s In order to facilitate sugar metabolism, so-called active vitamins (for example, vitamin B1 nitrate or fursultiamine) may be used as vitamin B1s.
- active vitamins for example, vitamin B1 nitrate or fursultiamine
- Dietary fiber For improving the intestinal flora, suppressing intestinal mucosal atrophy, and improving stool properties, for example, water-soluble dietary fiber such as indigestible dextrin and polydextrose can be mentioned.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention contains various nutrients, vitamins, fragrances, colorants, sweeteners, and antioxidants in addition to the above-mentioned components, if necessary, to the extent that the object of the present invention can be achieved.
- Excipients, lubricants, fluidizers, binders, disintegrants and the like can be added and blended alone or in combination of any two or more.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be taken between meals, before meals, during meals or after meals.
- a cerium oxide system unlike lanthanum carbonate, for example, it does not indispensably act to dissolve gastric acid at a low pH, so that it can be taken between meals or during meals.
- gastric acid there is no concern about the generation of carbon dioxide gas or the increase in pH due to the reaction with gastric acid.
- the dosage there is no limitation on the dosage in consideration of the solubility due to pH, and it can be effectively acted without limitation even at the timing of administration.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention containing the above-mentioned cerium compound has an effect of reducing the measured value of serum creatinine (CRE) and / or blood urea nitrogen (BUN), or an effect of suppressing an increase in the measured value. That is, the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be used as a therapeutic agent for renal diseases. In addition, the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be used for reducing or suppressing an increase in serum creatinine (CRE) level and / or blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level.
- renal disease refers to a state in which renal function is reduced due to chronic kidney disease, acute renal disorder, chronic renal failure, or the like.
- the renal disease in the present invention does not merely indicate a disease related to renal dysfunction, but also includes diseases of other organs secondary to the renal dysfunction. Examples of diseases of other organs include various diseases caused by uremic toxins, such as diseases of the heart and vascular system.
- the treatment of renal disease in the present invention includes suppressing and / or preventing a decrease in renal function, maintaining renal function, recovering or improving renal function, and preventing a disease associated with a decrease in renal function. Includes treatment for any disorder caused by renal disease, such as suppression, amelioration or treatment.
- the above-mentioned cerium compound has an action of reducing substances accumulated in the body in renal diseases. That is, the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is a reducing agent for uremic toxins or precursors thereof. As the mechanism, the above-mentioned cerium compound is known to have an adsorptive ability to substances accumulated in the body in renal diseases.
- the substance that accumulates in the body in renal disease refers to a substance that causes uremic symptoms (uremic toxin) and / or a uremic precursor.
- the substances on which the cerium compound exerts its adsorptive capacity include tryptophan, kynurenine, serotonin, tryptophan, indole (indole acetic acid, indole propionic acid, indole lactic acid, indole, etc.), tyrosine, p-cresol, phenol, phosphatidylcholine, carnitine, and trimethylamine.
- Precursors of urinary toxins such as (TMA) are preferred.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can reduce the residual amount of uremic toxins in the body by excreting the uremic precursors in the body to the outside of the body. can. That is, the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be used as an adsorbent for a uremic toxin precursor.
- the mechanism of action by which the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention reduces uremic toxins or precursors thereof is not limited to the above. That is, the cerium compound may be involved in suppressing the production of uremic toxins or precursors thereof.
- Examples of such an action mechanism include a form in which a cerium compound acts on the decomposition and detoxification of urinary toxins or precursors thereof.
- the target urinary toxins or precursors thereof include tryptophan, quinurenin, serotonin, tryptophan, indole (indole acetic acid, indole propionic acid, indole lactic acid, indole, etc.), tyrosine, p-cresol, phenol, phosphatidylcholine, carnitine, etc.
- Examples thereof include trimethylamine (TMA), indoxyl sulfate, p-cresyl sulfate, phenyl sulfate, trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) and the like.
- the cerium compound may act on the activity reduction (enzyme inhibition) of the enzyme that metabolizes the food-derived component to the uremic precursor or the uremic toxin.
- the target enzymes include tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO), tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH), aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC), tryptophanase, and tyrosine phenol lyase ( ⁇ -tyrosinase). ), And trimethylamine lyase and the like.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention has a phosphorus adsorbing ability and has an effect of reducing the measured value of serum phosphorus (IP) or an effect of suppressing an increase in the measured value. That is, the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be used as an inhibitor for reducing or increasing the serum phosphorus (IP) level, and can also be used as a phosphorus adsorbent.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention having the above-mentioned effect prevents or treats various diseases caused by excessive absorption of various components by feeding, excessive intake of phosphorus, etc., such as hyperphosphatemia, renal failure, and osteoporosis. Can be used for use.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention has an effect that the level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in blood is not increased by administration. That is, unlike the conventional adsorbent containing lanthanum carbonate, the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention has a feature that it does not induce a decrease in liver function by taking the drug.
- ALT alanine aminotransferase
- cerium compound in the production of a therapeutic agent for renal disease can be mentioned.
- cerium compounds in the production of phosphorus adsorbents the use of cerium compounds in the production of pharmaceutical compositions to suppress the reduction or increase of serum creatinine (CRE) and / or blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels.
- CRE serum creatinine
- BUN blood urea nitrogen
- a cerium compound as an active ingredient for the treatment of renal disease can be mentioned. Furthermore, the use of a cerium compound as an active ingredient for phosphorus adsorption, and the use of a cerium compound as an active ingredient for suppressing the reduction or increase of serum creatinine (CRE) level and / or blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level. It can be in the form of use.
- CRE serum creatinine
- BUN blood urea nitrogen
- a cerium compound for use in the treatment of renal disease can be mentioned. Further, it can be in the form of a cerium compound for use in phosphorus adsorption, a cerium compound for suppressing a decrease or increase in a serum creatinine (CRE) level and / or a blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level.
- CRE serum creatinine
- BUN blood urea nitrogen
- a method for treating renal disease which comprises administering a cerium compound to a subject in need of treatment for renal disease.
- a method for treating renal diseases including administration of a cerium compound to a subject in need of treatment for reducing or suppressing an increase in serum phosphorus (IP) level, a cerium compound having a serum creatinine (CRE) level, and / or blood. It can be in the form of a method of treating renal disease, comprising administering to a subject in need of treatment to reduce or suppress the increase in medium urea nitrogen (BUN) levels.
- IP serum phosphorus
- CRE serum creatinine
- composition of the present invention can also be used in the form of a composition for hemodialysis.
- examples of the composition for hemodialysis include a dialysate and a filler to be filled in a column.
- dialysate a form in which the above-mentioned cerium compound is blended with a general dialysate containing sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chlor, hydrogen carbonate, glucose and the like can be exemplified.
- Carriers include polysaccharides such as cellulose, gellan gum, sulfated gellan, dextran, chitosan, and cellulose acetate, proteins such as gelatin, collagen, and elastin, polystyrene, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene, and the like. Examples include resins.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is preferably in the form of formulating an aqueous dispersion of a cerium compound into an arbitrary dosage form in a state where the cerium compound is dispersed in an aqueous solution.
- the entire process from particle formation to formulation of the cerium compound, which is the active ingredient, is carried out in a wet system without going through a dry state such as powder, which may cause particle aggregation in the formulation process. Therefore, it is possible to eliminate the concern about aggregation of cerium compound particles in the pharmaceutical process.
- the suppression of particle aggregation leads to the securing of the reaction boundary area on the particle surface, and the ability to adsorb to phosphorus and urinary toxin precursors and the performance of action on other substances to be acted upon can be most effectively exhibited. ..
- Jelly agent> a method for producing a jelly agent containing cerium oxide particles as an active ingredient, which is one aspect of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention, will be described.
- a gelling agent is usually used to form a jelly-like form (jelly agent).
- the gelling agent in particular, as long as it is pharmaceutically acceptable and can gel the above-mentioned aqueous dispersion of the cerium compound to a necessary degree to form a semi-solid state, as long as it does not interfere with the effect of the present invention. Not limited.
- gelatin for example, gelatin, caraginan, pectin, arabic gum, xanthan gum, gellan gum, agar, tragant gum, tamarind seed gum, guar gum, locust bean gum, starch, purulan, chitosan, tara gum, alginic acid or its salts, glucomannan, sodium alginate, potassium alginate. , Sodium polyacrylate and the like.
- any one or more of these can be used.
- high molecular weight polysaccharides have an appropriate pH for forming a gel state, for example, in order to maintain a stable gel state at pH 5 to 8, locust bean gum and xanthan gum are used in combination, and locust bean gum and carrageenan are used. It is also preferable to use them in combination with each other, or to use agar in addition to them.
- the method for preparing the jelly agent is not particularly limited, and all the components may be mixed at the same time, or a mixture prepared by separately mixing any of the components may be mixed with other components or other components.
- the mixture may be added and mixed to prepare. Further, the mixing operation of each component can be carried out at room temperature or under heating.
- the gelling agent can be used at any time from the formation of particles of the cerium compound to the formulation. When it has a protective colloidal ability, it can also be used as a dispersant in the particle formation of a cerium compound by adjusting the production conditions.
- the content of the gelling agent varies depending on the gelling agent used, the pH of the cerium compound aqueous dispersion, etc., but is usually in the range of 0.01 to 10% by mass and in the range of 0.02 to 8% by mass. Is preferable, and the range of 0.03 to 6% by mass is more preferable. If the content of the gelling agent is less than 0.01% by mass, there is a concern that gelation will be insufficient, and if it is more than 10% by mass, there is a concern that it will become too hard and difficult to take.
- the jelly agent has a low viscosity, a smooth mouthfeel, and a viscosity that is easy to ingest.
- the viscosity of the jelly agent is preferably 100 Pa ⁇ s or less, more preferably 10 Pa ⁇ s or less, still more preferably 1 Pa ⁇ s or less.
- Enteric-coated pharmaceutical composition a pharmaceutical composition containing an enteric-soluble substance (hereinafter, also referred to as an enteric-soluble pharmaceutical composition).
- the type of enteric substance used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it has the desired effect as long as it does not interfere with the effect of the present invention.
- HPC Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose
- HPMC Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose
- CAP Cellulose Acetate Ftalate
- CAS Cellulose Acetate Succinate
- CAT Cellulose Acetate Trimeritate
- HPMCAS Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose Acetate Ftalate
- HPMCAS Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose Acetate Succinate
- HPMCAS Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose Acetate Succinate
- HPMCAS Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetate trimellitate
- CMEC carboxymethylethylcellulose
- ethylcellulose polyvinylacetate phthalate
- vinyl acetate-maleic anhydride copolymer polyacrylate, polymethacrylate, copolymer of polyacrylate and
- the enteric pharmaceutical composition either coats or encloses the cerium compound with an enteric substance or encloses the enteric substance around the cerium compound so as to suppress the action of the cerium compound as an active ingredient on substances other than the substance to be acted upon. It can be obtained by dispersing.
- Specific production methods include a method of coating or encapsulating a cerium compound with an enteric substance, and a method of coating or encapsulating a solid preparation with an enteric substance.
- the method of coating or encapsulating is not particularly limited, and a known technique can be used.
- the coating indicates a state in which the cerium compound is covered with an enteric substance
- the internal capsule indicates a state in which the cerium compound is included in the enteric substance.
- the cerium compound is coated or encapsulated with an enteric substance, it is preferable that the cerium compound is coated or encapsulated in the enteric substance in the state of an aqueous dispersion of the cerium compound.
- the cerium compound coated or encapsulated with the enteric substance is also hereinafter referred to as an enteric cerium compound.
- the coated or encapsulated cerium compound can be formulated into various solid preparations, semi-solid preparations, liquid preparations and the like by existing methods. In the present invention, it is particularly preferable to prepare a semi-solid or liquid preparation containing an enteric-soluble cerium compound.
- the properties (dosage form) of the semi-solid or liquid preparation are not particularly limited, but the semi-solid preparation such as a jelly agent and a whipped agent, a syrup agent, a suspension agent, an emulsion and the like are preferable. Examples thereof include liquid preparations of.
- an enteric-soluble pharmaceutical composition in the case of a semi-solid or liquid preparation, can be obtained by mixing an enteric-soluble cerium compound and a solution to which various additives are added as needed. Specifically, enteric cerium compounds are added and mixed in a solution containing various additives, and conversely, various additives are added and mixed in a solution of enteric cerium compounds, or each is added at the same time. By mixing, an enteric-soluble pharmaceutical composition can be obtained.
- the mixture of enteric substances can be used at any time from the formation of particles of the cerium compound to the formulation.
- an enteric substance having a protective colloidal ability it can also be used as a dispersant in the particle formation of a cerium compound by adjusting the production conditions.
- Stirring can be performed by a conventional method, and it is preferable to use a stirring device such as a homogenizer, for example.
- the enteric-soluble pharmaceutical composition in the form of a semi-solid or liquid preparation can be used as it is as a semi-solid or liquid preparation, and the obtained semi-solid or liquid enteric-soluble pharmaceutical composition is further encapsulated in a capsule or the like. It can also be used after being processed into a new formulation.
- the properties (dosage form) of the solid preparation coated or encapsulated are not particularly limited, and tablets (OD tablets (orally disintegrating tablets), chewable tablets, foaming tablets) are not particularly limited. Examples thereof include tablets, immediate release tablets, sugar-coated tablets, etc.), powders, granules, capsules (including hard capsules, soft capsules, etc.), pills, troches, and the like.
- Coating or encapsulation of the solid preparation with an enteric substance can be performed using an existing coating device.
- the coating apparatus include a pan coating apparatus, a drum type coating apparatus, a fluidized bed coating apparatus, a stirring fluidized coating apparatus, a rolling fluidized coating apparatus, and the like.
- the spray device an air spray, an airless spray, a three-fluid spray, or the like can be used.
- the temperature at which the enteric substance is sent to the coating apparatus can be arbitrarily set, but is preferably 0 to 50 ° C, more preferably 2 to 40 ° C, and 5 to 30 ° C. It is more preferably ° C.
- the treatment method is not particularly limited as long as it can be dried and water can be removed.
- heating or air-drying can be performed in the coating device or after taking it out of the coating device.
- the drying temperature can be 15 to 95 ° C.
- the content of the enteric substance varies depending on the coating, the dosage form, the size and amount of the contained composition, and the type and amount of the additive, and can be appropriately adjusted.
- the content of the enteric substance with respect to the total amount of the enteric-soluble pharmaceutical composition (finished preparation) is preferably 0.001 to 99%, more preferably 0.005 to 95%, and 0. It is more preferably 0.01 to 90%.
- the mass ratio of the content of the enteric substance to the cerium compound is preferably 1: 0.001 to 1: 1000, more preferably 1: 0.002 to 1: 100, still more preferably 1: 0.003 to 1: 1. It is 10. By setting the mass ratio as described above, the rate of dissolution and desorption of the enteric substance from the cerium compound can be preferably adjusted.
- the enteric substance has the property of dissolving when the pH reaches a predetermined value, and can desorb the active ingredient coated or contained in a pH-dependent manner.
- the enteric pharmaceutical composition containing an enteric substance is insoluble in the stomach, which maintains a low pH value, without being decomposed and inactivated.
- enteric substances dissolve at a pH of about 5.0 to 6.5 or higher. That is, the enteric pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can release the cerium compound particularly in the large intestine, and there is no concern that phosphorus is excessively adsorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, particularly in the small intestine, and hypophosphatemia. Can be used without causing.
- the enteric pharmaceutical composition having the above characteristics can also be applied to patients who do not need to suppress serum phosphorus concentration, for example, patients with stage 1 or 2 of chronic kidney disease.
- the enteric-soluble pharmaceutical composition having the above-mentioned characteristics exerts its effect mainly in the large intestine, it is possible to use an excess uremic toxin present in the intestine or a precursor thereof as a substance to be acted upon, such as an adsorbed substance. can.
- Example 1 ⁇ Preparation of Particle 1 (Invention)> In a reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer, 134.69 g of water, 65.66 g of cerium chloride heptahydrate (Nikki Co., Ltd.), and 1.22 g of sodium acetate (Fujifilm Wako Junyaku Co., Ltd.) as a dispersant are placed and cerium is placed. The solution temperature at a solution concentration of 1.1 mol / L was maintained at 20 ° C. with stirring. To this solution was added 4.19 g of hydrogen peroxide solution (Kanto Chemical Co., Inc.) in an amount of 35.4% by mass, and the mixture was stirred and held for 5 minutes.
- Kanto Chemical Co., Inc. hydrogen peroxide solution
- particles 2 to 6 were prepared by changing 1.22 g of sodium acetate to the dispersants shown in Table 1. Further, the particles 7 were prepared with reference to Example 1 of JP-A-61-4259. Specifically, 150.00 g of water and 6.00 g of cerium chloride heptahydrate were placed in a reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer, and the temperature of the solution was kept at 20 ° C. with stirring. To this solution was added hydrogen peroxide solution in which 48.45 g of water and 1.55 g of 35.0 mass% hydrogen peroxide solution were mixed in advance, and the mixture was stirred and held for 30 minutes.
- the particle size could be reduced by forming the cerium compound particles in the presence of the dispersant.
- Example 2 ⁇ Phosphorus adsorption experiment> [Example 2-1] A 3 mmol / L phosphoric acid aqueous solution having a pH of 1.0 and a pH of 7.0 was prepared. Hydrochloric acid was used to adjust the pH. A commercially available cerium oxide particle (Solvay Special Chem Japan Co., Ltd.) having a particle size of 43 nm was added to these aqueous solutions in an arbitrary amount. Each of these dispersions was kept warm and stirred at 38 ° C. for 1 hour in a constant temperature bath.
- cerium oxide particles having particle sizes of 79 nm, 144 nm, and 209 nm were also added in an arbitrary amount, and each of these dispersions was kept warm and stirred at 38 ° C. for 1 hour in a constant temperature bath. Then, each solution was subjected to solid-liquid separation by centrifugation (10,000 ⁇ g, 5 minutes), and the supernatant was recovered.
- a ratio using a commercially available phosphoric acid detection reagent (trade name: PiBlue Phosphate Assay Kit; POPB-500, Bioassay Systems) containing molybdenum blue and macalite green. Color quantification was performed. The results are shown in FIGS. 2-4.
- Example 2-2 A 3 mmol / L phosphoric acid aqueous solution having a pH of 7.0 was prepared.
- Bis-Tris / hydrochloric acid buffer was used for pH adjustment. (Phosphoric acid, sodium chloride; Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., Bis-Tris; Dojin Chemical Research Institute) Particle 1 was added to these aqueous solutions in an arbitrary amount. Each of these dispersions was kept warm and stirred at 38 ° C. for 1 hour in a constant temperature bath. Similarly, an arbitrary amount was added to the particles 7, and each of these dispersions was kept warm and stirred at 38 ° C. for 1 hour in a constant temperature bath.
- each solution was subjected to solid-liquid separation by centrifugation (10,000 ⁇ g, 5 minutes), and the supernatant was recovered.
- a commercially available phosphoric acid detection reagent containing molybdenum blue and macalite green (trade name: PiBlue Phosphate Assay Kit; POPB-500, Bioassay Systems) was used. Colorimetric quantification was performed. The results are shown in FIG.
- the amount of cerium oxide required to adsorb all 3 mmol of phosphoric acid was 1.9 g for particle 1 and 28.5 g for particle 7 (FIG. 5). It was found that the phosphorus adsorption capacity of the particles 1 using the dispersant was clearly higher than that of the particles 7 not using the dispersant.
- Example 2-3 A 3 mmol / L phosphoric acid aqueous solution having a pH of 2.5 and a pH of 7.0 was prepared.
- Bis-Tris / hydrochloric acid buffer and glycine-hydrogenated buffer were used for pH adjustment (phosphate, sodium chloride, glycine; Fujifilm Wako Junyaku Co., Ltd., Bis-Tris; Dojin Chemical Research Institute).
- Particle 1 was added to these aqueous solutions in an arbitrary amount. Each of these dispersions was kept warm and stirred at 38 ° C. for 1 hour in a constant temperature bath.
- colorimetric quantification was performed using a commercially available phosphoric acid detection reagent (trade name: PiBlue Phosphate Assay Kit; POPB-500) containing molybdenum blue and macalite green.
- the mass of the particles required to adsorb all 3 mmol of phosphoric acid is 1.45 g at pH 2.5 for particle 1, 1.87 g at pH 7.0, and pH 2.5 for lanthanum carbonate. It was 1.15 g and 5.95 g when the pH was 7.0.
- FIG. 6 shows the reciprocal of the particle mass required for adsorbing all 3 mmol of phosphoric acid, which is expressed as the phosphorus adsorbing ability.
- the phosphorus adsorption capacity of the particles 1 which are the cerium oxide fine particles according to the present invention is 79% of that of lanthanum carbonate, conversely, by increasing the mass by 21%, the phosphorus adsorption amount can be made equivalent to that of lanthanum carbonate. Means.
- the phosphorus adsorbing ability of the particle 1 was 318% of that of lanthanum carbonate, which was extremely excellent. From these results, it can be seen that the phosphorus adsorbent (pharmaceutical composition) containing the cerium compound of the present invention has an overall excellent phosphorus adsorbing ability because it has a small pH dependence.
- the phosphorus adsorbent (pharmaceutical composition) of the present invention has a large phosphorus adsorbing ability particularly in the neutral pH range, it is not affected by the pH environment in the digestive tract, and it is necessary to measure the timing of administration, for example. It shows that it has no advantage.
- Example 3 0.067 g of cerium chloride heptahydrate (Nikki Co., Ltd.) and 1.000 g of casein phosphopeptide (Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) were added to 8.933 g of water, and the temperature of the aqueous solution was maintained at 25 ° C. for 1 hour with stirring. (Aqueous solution A). 0.032 g of the particles 1 of Example 1 in solid content and 1.000 g of casein phosphopeptide were added to 8.969 g of water, and the temperature of the aqueous solution was maintained at 25 ° C. for 1 hour with stirring (aqueous solution B).
- a cerium compound aqueous dispersion was prepared by the following procedure. (1) In a reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer, 134.69 g of water, 65.66 g of cerium chloride heptahydrate (Nikki Co., Ltd.), and 1.22 g of sodium acetate (Fujifilm Wako Junyaku Co., Ltd.) as a dispersant. The solution was added and the solution temperature of the cerium solution concentration of 1.15 mol / L was kept at 20 ° C. with stirring.
- each of these prepared mixtures was kept warm in a constant temperature bath set at 38 ° C. After 1 hour, each sample was taken out from the constant temperature bath, centrifuged (10,000 ⁇ g, 5 minutes), and each supernatant sample was collected.
- each additive aqueous solution of L-tryptophan, indoleacetic acid, indolelactic acid, and indole has an absorption peak derived from its structure at around 280 nm.
- the cerium oxide aqueous dispersion also has absorption in the vicinity of this, in order to exclude the influence, the correction was performed with the correction sample of only the cerium oxide aqueous dispersion.
- a sample containing only the aqueous solution of each additive was used as a reference before adsorption (not adsorbed).
- the absorbance of the reference sample before adsorption was set to 100%, and the difference in absorbance of the supernatant sample to which cerium oxide was added and mixed was defined as the adsorption rate at which each additive was adsorbed on cerium oxide. The results are shown in FIG.
- the pharmaceutical composition containing the cerium compound of the present invention as an active ingredient adsorbs indole or the like, which is a precursor of uremic toxin, which is said to be one of the causes of renal function deterioration, and is shown to have renal function. It has been shown to be effective in assisting, maintaining or improving.
- Example 5 ⁇ Animal experiment> The materials, feeds, equipment, etc. for animal experiments used in Example 5 are described below. ⁇ Rat (Nippon SLC Co., Ltd.) Slc: Wistar rat kidney 5/6 excised animal (1) Moved from the production plant to the Biotechnical Center of Japan SLC Co., Ltd.
- a cerium compound aqueous dispersion was prepared in the same procedure as in Example 4.
- the bait of the present invention was prepared by the following procedure. (1) 250 g of powdered feed was weighed and stirred with a kitchen machine. (2) Add 32.7 g of the prepared cerium oxide aqueous dispersion (solid content concentration: 10% by mass) little by little to the powdered feed being stirred, stir with a kitchen machine for 3 minutes, and then once feed the wall surface. After scraping off, the mixture was stirred again for 3 minutes. Subsequently, about 110 mL of hot water was added. (3) After putting them together by hand, they were kneaded with a kitchen machine until they became even more uniform. (4) The kneaded bait was formed into a cylindrical shape having a diameter of about 1 cm and a length of about 2.5 cm.
- the molded bait was dried at room temperature under a fan or in a 38 ° C. incubator for 2 days. (6) After drying, the weight was measured and the ratio of residual water was calculated. (7) The prepared bait was placed in a bag with a zipper and stored in a refrigerator. The food was prepared by repeating the above steps (1) to (7) in the required amount.
- Rats were bred according to the following procedure. (1) 5/6 Renal resection model rats were weighed and divided into 3 groups. (2) Each group was free-fed and free-fed, and the food was acclimatized with the breeding MR stock. The conditions of the breeding room were room temperature 22 ⁇ 2 ° C., and the lighting was set to light for 12 hours a day. (3) After that, they were bred as free feeding and free water feeding with the prepared special diet. The conditions of the breeding room were the same as at the time of habituation, the room temperature was 22 ⁇ 2 ° C., and the lighting was set to light for 12 hours a day.
- Comparative Example 1 In Comparative Example 1 in the same manner as in (2) of the preparation of the bait of the present invention, except that the cerium oxide aqueous dispersion was not added, that is, nothing was added, and the amount of hot water was changed from about 110 mL to about 140 mL. Food was prepared.
- Comparative Example 2 In the feed preparation (2) of the present invention, instead of adding the cerium oxide aqueous dispersion, 3.09 g of lanthanum carbonate powder was added, and the amount of hot water was changed from about 110 mL to about 140 mL in the same manner. , The bait of Comparative Example 2 was prepared.
- IP Serum phosphorus
- ALT Alanine aminotransferase
- the measured values of the group to which cerium oxide was added were lower than those of the group of Comparative Example 1 to which no cerium oxide was added. That is, by feeding a feed containing cerium oxide, the serum creatinine (CRE) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) indicating renal function, and the serum ALT (GPT) indicating liver function are kept low. It turns out.
- the measured values of the group to which cerium oxide was added were similar to those of the group of Comparative Example 2 to which lanthanum carbonate was added (FIG. 8). From this, it was clarified that the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention containing cerium oxide exerts the same effect as lanthanum carbonate as a phosphorus adsorbent.
- the serum creatinine (CRE) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) values in the group to which cerium oxide was added maintained constant values without increasing, but the serum creatinine (CRE) in the group to which lanthanum carbonate was added. ),
- the blood urea nitrogen (BUN) value tended to increase slightly as compared with the group to which cerium oxide was added (FIGS. 9 and 10).
- the group to which cerium oxide was added had the same serum ALT (GPT) value as the group to which no serum ALT (GPT) was added, whereas the group to which lanthanum carbonate was added had no serum ALT (GPT) value. It increased significantly compared to the group (Fig. 11).
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention containing a cerium compound as an active ingredient is not only effective for assisting, maintaining or improving renal function, but also when lanthanum carbonate, which is a conventional phosphorus adsorbent, is taken. It can be seen that it does not cause the deterioration of liver function seen.
- Example 6 Two kinds of jelly agents containing the cerium compound of the present invention were prepared by the following procedure.
- the cerium oxide concentration is 18.0 mass by changing the amount of supernatant removed described in (5).
- % Water dispersion was prepared.
- 2.0 g of gelatin (Fuji Film Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was added little by little to 100.0 g of the cerium oxide aqueous dispersion to be stirred, and the mixture was sufficiently mixed to obtain a jelly agent A.
- the prepared jelly agent A and jelly agent B were included in the mouth and the feeling of ingestion was evaluated.
- the single dose was assumed to be 0.66 g of cerium oxide, and the jelly agent A was set to 3.7 g and the jelly agent B was set to 5.5 g.
- both the jelly agents A and B were tasteless and odorless, had no bitterness, irritation, or roughness, and the saliva in the mouth was not rapidly absorbed. .. Including the feeling of mouth residue after spitting, I got the feeling that it was easy to swallow without water without the need to chew.
- the jelly agent which is one aspect of the present invention, is clearly easier to take than the OD tablet of the lanthanum carbonate preparation of the comparative example.
- the present invention can be used for the treatment, prevention, and / or suppression of exacerbation of renal diseases and associated secondary diseases.
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Diabetes (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
食事の成分として摂取したトリプトファン、チロシン、コリンとL-カルニチン等は小腸までで吸収されずに大腸に到達した場合、腸内細菌代謝を受けて、それぞれインドール、p-クレゾール、フェノール、トリメチルアミン(TMA)等の尿毒素前駆体へと変化する。
これらの尿毒素前駆体は体内吸収されると、全身循環から移行して肝臓で代謝され、それぞれインドキシル硫酸、p-クレジル硫酸、フェニル硫酸、及びTMAO等の尿毒素へと変化する。
これらの尿毒素は、腎機能が正常に機能しているときは尿とともに体外へ排出されるが、排出が滞り、血中に蓄積されると腎不全の進行を促進するとされている。
上述の吸着炭製剤は、腸管内でトリプトファンやインドール等を吸着することで体内に吸収されるそれらの量を抑制することで、結果として、インドキシル硫酸等を減少させることにより腎機能の補助を行うとされる。
そこで、本発明は、セリウム化合物を有効成分として含む、新規な医薬組成物を提供することを第1の課題とする。
分散剤の存在下でセリウム化合物粒子を形成することで、粒子形成過程の初期に生成するセリウム化合物核同士のコアレッセンス、又は合一を抑制することができる。これにより、最終的なセリウム化合物の粒子サイズを小さくすることができ、医薬組成物がリン(リン酸)や尿毒素前駆体等の作用対象となる物質(以下、作用対象物質ともいう)と反応する反応界面積を確保することができる。また、製造条件を適切に設定することにより、生産性高く製造することができる。
また、セリウム化合物粒子が分散剤に被覆されていることで、セリウム化合物と、錯体を形成する成分との錯体形成反応を抑制するため、セリウム化合物又はそのセリウム成分の消化管内吸収を抑制することができる。
さらに、セリウム化合物粒子が分散剤に被覆されていることで、セリウム化合物を乾固状態とした場合においても水溶液中への再分散性が良好になるため、あらゆる剤形に応用することが可能となる。
分散剤として、カルボキシ基、及び/又はカルボキシレート基を有する分散剤は、セリウム化合物への被覆性に優れる。
このように炭素数が比較的小さい、すなわち、分子量が低い脂肪酸を分散剤として用いることで、作用対象物質との反応界面積をより広く確保することやその他の効果が期待できる。
セリウム化合物微粒子の一次粒子径を100nm以下とすることで、被吸着物に対する吸着能、その他作用対象物質に対する作用をより高めることができる。
水不溶性のセリウム化合物を用いることで、セリウム化合物又はセリウム成分の消化管吸収、及び消化管粘膜への沈着を抑制することができる。
(工程A)
反応容器に、0.2mol/L以上のセリウム塩、分散剤、水を入れ、溶液の温度を5~35℃に維持しながら、撹拌し、溶液を調製する。
(工程B)
次いで、撹拌を保持しながら、前記溶液に過酸化水素水を必要量添加する。
(工程C)
次いで、撹拌を保持しながら、前記溶液に1mol/L以上の水酸化物イオン源を添加する。
(工程D)
撹拌を保持しながら、この溶液を昇温して、所定時間維持した後、室温まで降温させる。
(工程E)
その後、溶液を所定の濃度に調整し、酸化セリウム水分散液を得る。
前記セリウム化合物の好ましい形態、用途の好ましい形態は前述した通りである。
前記セリウム化合物の好ましい形態、用途の好ましい形態は前述した通りである。
前記セリウム化合物の好ましい形態、用途の好ましい形態は前述した通りである。
前記セリウム化合物の好ましい形態、用途の好ましい形態は前述した通りである。
また、本発明の好ましい形態では、本発明の医薬組成物は、尿毒素前駆体の吸着能を有し、経口剤としての適性に優れる。
本発明は、有効成分としてセリウム化合物を含む、医薬組成物である。
本発明の好ましい形態では、本発明の医薬組成物は、リン吸着能を有する有効成分として、セリウム化合物を含む。また、本発明の好ましい形態では、本発明の医薬組成物は、インドール等の尿毒素前駆体の吸着能を有する有効成分として、セリウム化合物を含む。
これらのセリウム化合物は、1種単独で使用してもよく、2種以上を組み合わせて使用してもよい。
なお、本発明において、水溶解性が低い、又は水不溶性のセリウム化合物は、まとめて水不溶性のセリウム化合物と表現するものとする。
セリウム化合物を水溶液中に分散させた状態とすることで、粒径の小さいセリウム化合物であっても、凝集の発生が抑制される。
本発明の医薬組成物に含まれるセリウム化合物は、分散剤により被覆されていることが好ましい。分散剤の存在下でセリウム化合物粒子を形成することで、粒子形成過程の初期に生成するセリウム化合物核同士のコアレッセンス、又は合一を抑制することができる。これにより、最終的なセリウム化合物の粒子サイズを小さくすることができ、被吸着物等の作用対象物質と反応する粒子表面である反応界面積を大きく確保することができる。また、製造条件を適切に設定することにより、生産性高く製造することができる。さらに、セリウム化合物粒子が分散剤に被覆されていることで、セリウム化合物を乾固状態とした場合においても、水溶液中への再分散性が良好になるため、あらゆる剤形に応用することが可能となる。
以下、好ましい分散剤について詳細に説明を加える。
本発明における分散剤として用いる脂肪酸は、飽和脂肪酸、又は不飽和脂肪酸の何れであっても良く、飽和脂肪酸が好ましい。また、分散剤として用いる脂肪酸は直鎖脂肪酸、分岐脂肪酸、又は環状脂肪酸の何れであっても良く、直鎖脂肪酸が好ましい。
本発明における分散剤として用いるポリカルボン酸としては、ポリアクリル酸が好ましい。ポリカルボン酸の薬学上許容できる塩、及びその誘導体としては、ナトリウム塩、及びカリウム塩等のアルカリ金属塩、又はアンモニウム塩が好ましい。
分子量が低いポリカルボン酸は、適度な親疎水性を有している。分子量が低いポリカルボン酸を分散剤として適切な製造条件を用いることで、セリウム化合物粒子の製造時において、生成する核同士のコアレッセンス、及び合一等の強い接着を抑制することができ、かつ比較的相互作用の弱いフロキュレーションを形成することができる。したがって、被吸着物等の作用対象物質と反応する粒子表面である反応界面積を確保しながら、セリウム化合物粒子を生産性高く製造することが可能となる。
本発明における分散剤として用いるアミノ酸、その薬学上許容できる塩、及び誘導体(以下、特に言及しない限り、単にアミノ酸という)としては、炭素数が10個未満のアミノ酸を用いることが好ましい。アミノ酸の炭素数は、より好ましくは8個以下であり、さらに好ましくは6個以下である。また、アミノ酸の炭素数は、好ましくは2個以上である。
また、他の好ましい形態では、セリウム化合物に対する分散剤成分の含有量比は、好ましくは1:0.001~1:10、より好ましくは1:0.003~1:3である。
2種以上の分散剤を用いる場合には、セリウム化合物に対する分散剤の合計量の含有量比が、上記範囲内であることが好ましい。
また、他の好ましい形態では、本発明の医薬組成物全量に対する分散剤成分の含有量は、特に限定されないが、好ましくは0.01~20質量%、より好ましくは0.05~10質量%である。
以下、本発明の医薬組成物に含まれるセリウム化合物の一態様である、酸化セリウム微粒子の製造方法について説明を加える。
(工程A)
まず、撹拌機を備えた反応容器に、分散剤、セリウム塩、必要に応じて他の金属塩等、水を入れ、溶液の温度を所定の温度で撹拌しながら維持する。
(工程B)
続いて、撹拌を保持しながら、この溶液に過酸化水素水を所定量添加する。
(工程C)
続いて、撹拌を保持しながら、この溶液に水酸化物イオン源を所定量添加する。
(工程D)
そして、撹拌を保持しながら、この溶液を所定温度まで昇温して、所定時間維持した後、室温程度まで降温する。
(工程E)
その後、溶液を所定の濃度に調整し、酸化セリウム水分散液(セリウム化合物水分散液)を得る。
<手順2>
(工程A)
まず、撹拌機を備えた反応容器に、分散剤、セリウム塩、水を入れ、溶液の温度を所定の温度に維持しながら、撹拌し、溶液を調製する。
(工程B)
次いで、撹拌を保持しながら、この溶液に過酸化水素水を必要量添加する。
(工程C)
次いで、撹拌を保持しながら、この溶液に水酸化物イオン源を添加する。
(工程D)
撹拌を保持しながら、この溶液を昇温して、所定時間維持した後、室温まで降温させる。
(工程E)
その後、溶液を濾過し、濾過物に必要量加水して酸化セリウム微粒子の分散液やペーストを得る。あるいは、濾過物をそのまま乾燥させることもできる。
また、他の好ましい形態では、水酸化物イオン源の濃度は、好ましくは1~25mol/Lであり、より好ましくは2~20mol/Lであり、さらに好ましくは3~16mol/Lである。
また、他の好ましい形態では、工程Dにおける昇温後の保持温度は、好ましくは25~200℃、より好ましくは30~150℃、さらに好ましくは35~120℃、特に好ましくは40~95℃、最も好ましくは45~65℃である。
その他、脱塩、加水による酸化セリウム水分散液の濃度調整、酸やアルカリ添加によるpH調整等を適宜行うことができる。
また、酸化セリウム微粒子は、水分量を調整することにより、水分散物やペースト状物の他、乾燥物にすることもできる。
濾過の方法としては、公知の方法を用いることができ、例えば、自然濾過、減圧濾過、加圧濾過、遠心濾過、限外濾過、及び透析濾過等を適宜選択することができる。
本発明の医薬組成物は、経口剤であることが好ましい。
また、本発明の医薬組成物は、剤形を問わず、錠剤、散剤、顆粒剤、チュアブル錠、カプセル剤等の固形製剤、液剤、及びシロップ剤等の液状製剤等の様々な剤形を採用することができる。
さらには、OD錠(口腔内崩壊錠)、チュアブル錠、発泡錠、即放性錠剤、糖衣錠等の錠剤、硬カプセル剤、軟カプセル剤等のカプセル剤、丸剤、及びトローチ剤等の固形製剤、ゼリー剤及びホイップ剤等の半固形製剤、懸濁剤、及び乳剤等の液状製剤等の剤形も採用することができる。
特に、上述した分散剤が被覆されたセリウム化合物を含む医薬組成物は、分散剤により、セリウム化合物の反応界面積を確保しつつ、優れた再分散性を有しており、汎用性が高い。
本発明の医薬組成物全量に対する水の含有量は、好ましくは1質量%以上、より好ましくは5質量%以上、さらに好ましくは10質量%以上である。
水の含有量を上記範囲とすることで、本発明の医薬組成物は、水なしで経口摂取した場合であっても、飲みやすい性状を有する。
本発明において、粘度は、測定温度25℃における粘度を示し、回転式B型粘度計(例えば、AMETEK BrookfieldのLVDV-E)を用いて測定することができる。以下、本明細書において粘度を規定する場合、上述と同様に測定することができる。
本発明の医薬組成物の破断歪率は、好ましくは95%以下、より好ましくは90%以下、さらに好ましくは、85%以下である。
本発明において、破断応力及び破断歪率は、測定温度25℃にて、クリープメータ(例えば、株式会社 山電のRE2-3305C)を用いて測定することができる。
本発明においては、腸溶性物質を配合した医薬組成物の形態とすることが好ましい。
(a)糖(単糖類、二糖類、オリゴ糖類、又は多糖類)
例えば、単糖類としては、ブドウ糖、果糖もしくはガラクトース、糖アルコール、マンニトール、キシリトール、イノシトールまたはソルビトール等、二糖類としては、ショ糖、乳糖、麦芽糖またはトレハロース等、オリゴ糖類としては、上記単糖類の重合体、多糖類としては、デキストリンまたはヒドロキシエチル澱粉等が挙げられる。
これらは、単独で用いてもよいし、2種以上を混合して用いてもよく、中でもデキストリンもしくはトレハロース、又はこれらの混合物を好ましく用いる事ができる。
生体の機能や体液の電解質バランス維持のために、例えば、ナトリウム、カリウム、カルシウム、マグネシウム、亜鉛、鉄、銅、マンガン、ヨウ素等が挙げられる。
これらは、無機電解質成分として含有されていても良いし、有機電解質成分として含有されていてもよい。
無機電解質成分としては、例えば、塩化物、硫酸化物、炭酸化物等のアルカリ金属またはアルカリ土類金属の塩類が挙げられる。
有機電解質成分としては、有機酸、例えばクエン酸、乳酸、アミノ酸(例えば、グルタミン酸、アスパラギン酸など)、アルギン酸、リンゴ酸またはグルコン酸と、無機塩基、例えばアルカリ金属またはアルカリ土類金属との塩類が挙げられる。
糖代謝を円滑に行わせるために、ビタミンB1類として、いわゆる活性型ビタミン(例えば、ビタミンB1硝酸塩またはフルスルチアミンなど)を使用してもよい。
腸内細菌叢の改善、腸粘膜萎縮の抑制、便性状の改善のために、例えば、難消化性デキストリン、ポリデキストロース等の水溶性食物繊維等が挙げられる。
特に、有効成分として酸化セリウム系を含む場合、例えば、炭酸ランタンのように、胃酸の低pHによる溶解を必須として作用させるものではないため、食間や食中であっても服用することができる。また、胃酸との反応による炭酸ガスの発生やpH上昇の懸念を生じることがない。そして、pHによる溶解度を考慮した服用量の制限が無く、服用のタイミングにおいても制限なく有効に作用させることができる。
吸着薬服用者の40%程度に飲み忘れがあるとの調査結果があるが、本発明のセリウム化合物を含む医薬組成物の場合には、追って服用することにより、胃以外の消化管内でのリン等の吸着も期待でき、服用時期に左右されることなく、セリウム化合物が有効成分としての効果を発揮することができる。
すなわち、本発明の医薬組成物は、腎疾患治療薬として使用することができる。また、本発明の医薬組成物は、血清クレアチニン(CRE)値及び/又は血中尿素窒素(BUN)値の低減又は上昇の抑制のために用いることができる。
そして、本発明における腎疾患の治療とは、腎機能の低下を抑制及び/又は予防すること、腎機能を維持すること、腎機能を回復又は改善させること、腎機能の低下に伴う疾患の予防、抑制、改善又は治療をすること等の、腎疾患により引き起こされるあらゆる不調に対する治療を含む。
その機序として、上述のセリウム化合物は、腎疾患において体内に蓄積する物質に対する吸着能を有することが分かっている。
尿毒素前駆体への吸着能を有することで、本発明の医薬組成物は、体内の尿毒素前駆体を体外へ排出することで、結果的に体内の尿毒素の残存量も低減させることができる。すなわち、本発明の医薬組成物は、尿毒素前駆体の吸着剤とすることができる。
すなわち、本発明の医薬組成物は、血清リン(IP)値の低減又は上昇の抑制剤とすることができ、リン吸着剤とすることもできる。
以下、本発明の医薬組成物の一態様である、有効成分として酸化セリウム粒子を含むゼリー剤の製造方法について説明を加える。
また、各成分の混合操作は、常温下に実施することもでき、また加温下に実施することもできる。
続いて、腸溶性物質を配合した医薬組成物(以下、腸溶性医薬組成物ともいう)について、説明を加える。
ここで、被覆とは、セリウム化合物の周囲が腸溶性物質で覆われた状態を示し、内包とは、セリウム化合物が腸溶性物質に包含された状態を示す。セリウム化合物を腸溶性物質で被覆又は内包する場合、セリウム化合物をセリウム化合物水分散液の状態で腸溶性物質に被覆又は内包する形態とすることが好ましい。
本明細書において、このように腸溶性物質により被覆又は内包されたセリウム化合物を、以下、腸溶性セリウム化合物ともいう。
本発明では、特に、腸溶性セリウム化合物を含む半固形又は液状製剤とすることが好ましい。
具体的には、各種添加剤を加えた溶液中に腸溶性セリウム化合物を添加混合すること、逆に、腸溶性セリウム化合物の溶液中に各種添加剤を添加混合すること、又は、それぞれを同時に添加混合することにより、腸溶性医薬組成物を得ることができる。
腸溶性物質をコーティング装置に送液する際の温度は、任意に設定することが可能であるが、0~50℃であることが好ましく、2~40℃であることがより好ましく、5~30℃であることがさらに好ましい。
腸溶性物質を上記含有量とすることで、セリウム化合物からの腸溶性物質の溶解、脱離の速度を好ましく調整することができる。
上記質量比とすることで、セリウム化合物からの腸溶性物質の溶解、脱離の速度を好ましく調整することができる。
<粒子1の調製(本発明)>
撹拌機を備えた反応容器に、水134.69g、塩化セリウム七水和物(ニッキ株式会社)65.66g、分散剤として酢酸ナトリウム(富士フイルム和光純薬株式会社)1.22gを入れ、セリウム溶液濃度1.1mol/Lの溶液温度を20℃に撹拌保持した。
この溶液に35.4質量%の過酸化水素水(関東化学株式会社)4.19gを添加して5分間撹拌保持した。
更に4mol/Lの水酸化ナトリウム水溶液(富士フイルム和光純薬株式会社)94.67gを添加して5分間撹拌保持した。
そして溶液を10分かけて50℃に昇温して、120分間の撹拌を維持した後、室温まで降温させた。
なお、最終的な溶液のセリウム濃度は0.7mol/Lであった。
その後、反応溶液を濾過して、酸化セリウム濃度が11.9質量%の水分散液とした。
粒子1の透過型電子顕微鏡(TEM)写真を図1に記す。
粒子1の調製において、酢酸ナトリウム1.22gを表1に記した分散剤に変更することにより、粒子2~6を調製した。
また、特開昭61-4529の実施例1を参考に、粒子7を調製した。
具体的には、撹拌機を備えた反応容器に、水150.00g、塩化セリウム七水和物6.00gを入れ、溶液の温度を20℃に撹拌保持した。
この溶液に、水48.45gと35.0質量%の過酸化水素水1.55gをあらかじめ混合した過酸化水素水を添加して30分間撹拌保持した。
更に29.1質量%アンモニア水を添加してpH10に調整した。
そして溶液を20分かけて85℃に昇温して、12時間の撹拌を維持した後、室温まで降温させた。
なお、最終的な溶液のセリウム濃度は0.1mol/L未満であった。
その後、反応溶液を濾過して水洗・濾過し、50℃で乾燥させた。
粒子2~7の平均粒子サイズを、表1に示した。
[実施例2-1]
pH1.0及びpH7.0の3mmol/Lリン酸水溶液を調製した。pHの調整には塩酸を用いた。
これらの水溶液に、43nmの粒子サイズの市販の酸化セリウム粒子(ソルベイ・スペシャルケム・ジャパン株式会社)を任意量添加した。
これらの各分散液を恒温槽にて38℃で1時間の保温撹拌を行った。
同様に、79nm、144nm、209nmの粒子サイズの酸化セリウム粒子についても、任意量を添加し、これらの各分散液を恒温槽にて38℃で1時間の保温撹拌を行った。
その後、それぞれの溶液について、遠心分離(10,000×g、5分)で固液分離を行い、上澄を回収した。
回収した上澄に残留するリン酸の濃度評価方法として、モリブテンブルーとマカライトグリーンを含む市販のリン酸検出試薬(商品名 PiBlue Phosphate Assay Kit;POPB-500、バイオアッセイシステムス社)を用いた比色定量を行った。結果を図2~4に示す。
また、図4より、粒子径が小さいほどpHの依存性が小さいことも判った。
pH7.0の3mmol/Lのリン酸水溶液を調製した。pH調整には、Bis-Tris・塩酸緩衝液を用いた。(リン酸、塩化ナトリウム;富士フイルム和光純薬株式会社、Bis-Tris;同仁化学研究所)
これらの水溶液に、粒子1を任意量で添加した。
これらの各分散液を、恒温槽にて38℃で1時間の保温撹拌を行った。
同様に、粒子7についても、任意量を添加し、これらの各分散液を恒温槽にて38℃で1時間の保温撹拌を行った。
その後、それぞれの溶液について、遠心分離(10,000×g、5分)で固液分離を行い、上澄を回収した。
回収した上澄に残留するリン酸の濃度評価方法として、モリブテンブルーとマカライトグリーンを含む市販のリン酸検出試薬(商品名:PiBlue Phosphate Assay Kit;POPB-500、バイオアッセイシステムス社)を用いた比色定量を行った。結果を図5に示す。
分散剤を使用している粒子1のリン吸着能は、分散剤を使用していない粒子7のそれに対して明らかに高いことが判った。
pH2.5及びpH7.0の3mmol/Lリン酸水溶液を調製した。pH調整には、Bis-Tris・塩酸緩衝液及びグリシン-塩酸緩衝液を用いた(リン酸、塩化ナトリウム、グリシン;富士フイルム和光純薬株式会社、Bis-Tris;同仁化学研究所)。
これらの水溶液に、粒子1を任意量で添加した。
これらの各分散液を恒温槽にて38℃で1時間の保温撹拌を行った。
同様に、市販の炭酸ランタン試薬(ニッキ株式会社)についても、任意量を添加し、これらの各分散液を恒温槽にて38℃で1時間の保温撹拌を行った。
この時、炭酸ランタン試薬を添加したpH2.5の溶液においては気泡が認められ、ガスが発生したことを確認した。一方、粒子1の場合には気泡の生成は起こらなかった。
その後、それぞれの溶液について、遠心分離(10,000×g、5分)で固液分離を行い、上澄を回収した。
回収した上澄に残留するリン酸の濃度評価方法として、モリブテンブルーとマカライトグリーンを含む市販のリン酸検出試薬(商品名 PiBlue Phosphate Assay Kit;POPB-500)を用いた比色定量を行った。
3mmolのリン酸すべてを吸着させるのに必要な粒子質量の逆数を取り、リン吸着能として表したものを図6に示す。
つまり、本発明のリン吸着剤(医薬組成物)は、特に、中性pH域で大きなリン吸着能をもつため、消化管中のpH環境に左右されず、例えば、服用のタイミングを計る必要が無い利点を有することを示している。
水8.933gに塩化セリウム七水和物(ニッキ株式会社)0.067g、カゼインホスホペプチド(富士フイルム和光純薬株式会社)1.000gを入れ、水溶液の温度を25℃で1時間撹拌保持した(水溶液A)。
水8.969gに実施例1の粒子1を固形分で0.032g、カゼインホスホペプチド1.000gを入れ、水溶液の温度を25℃で1時間撹拌保持した(水溶液B)。
その後、遠心分離(10,000×g、5分)で固液分離を行い、上澄を回収した。
そして、水溶液A及びBの各上澄について、分光光度計を用いてCe3+に相当する吸収スペクトルを測定した。
なお、塩化セリウム七水和物水溶液及びカゼインホスホペプチド水溶液を調製し、検量線を作成して測定値の補正に用いた。
この結果から、水溶液Aのカゼインホスホペプチドの存在下では、フリーのセリウムイオンの73%は錯体化したために検出されなかったと推測される。一方、水溶液Bの酸化セリウム微粒子の場合には変化は認められなかったことになる。
よって、カゼインホスホペプチドと金属イオンが共存すると、反応することにより錯体を形成する可能性が示唆された。
金属イオンを経る場合、カゼインホスホペプチドと金属錯体を形成することで腸管吸収される懸念が生じるが、本発明のように不溶性微粒子の場合ではその懸念がないことが示唆された。
以下の手順で、セリウム化合物水分散液を調製した。
(1)撹拌機を備えた反応容器に、水134.69g、塩化セリウム七水和物(ニッキ株式会社)65.66g、分散剤として酢酸ナトリウム(富士フイルム和光純薬株式会社)1.22gを入れ、セリウム溶液濃度1.15mol/Lの溶液温度を20℃に撹拌保持した。
(2)この溶液に、35.4質量%の過酸化水素水(関東化学株式会社)4.19gを添加して5分間撹拌保持した。
(3)更に、4mol/Lの水酸化ナトリウム水溶液(富士フイルム和光純薬株式会社)100.68gを添加して5分間撹拌保持した。
(4)そして、溶液を10分かけて50℃に昇温して、90分間の撹拌を維持した後、室温まで降温し、粒子調製を行った。
なお、このときの溶液のセリウム濃度は0.72mol/Lであった。
(5)得られた酸化セリウム水分散液に、水275.8gを、続いて、1mol/Lの水酸化ナトリウム水溶液(富士フイルム和光純薬株式会社)30.7gを添加して撹拌した後、静置・沈殿させた。その後、上澄312.5gを除去し、酸化セリウム濃度が10.0質量%の水分散液(セリウム化合物水分散液)とした。
調製した酸化セリウム水分散液(固形分濃度:10質量%)に水を加えて、酸化セリウム濃度を10g/Lに調整した。
また、L-トリプトファン(富士フイルム和光純薬株式会社)、インドール酢酸(シグマ アルドリッチ社)、インドール乳酸(富士フイルム和光純薬株式会社)、及びインドール(富士フイルム和光純薬株式会社)の各添加物について、濃度1.0mmol/Lの添加物水溶液を調製した。
同様に、インドール酢酸、インドール乳酸、及びインドール水溶液をそれぞれ添加したサンプルについても調製した。
また、酸化セリウム水分散液のみのサンプルを補正用サンプルとして準備し、各添加物水溶液のみのサンプルを吸着前(未吸着)の基準サンプルとして準備した。
なお、L-トリプトファン、インドール酢酸、インドール乳酸、及びインドールの各添加物水溶液は、280nm付近に、その構造に由来する吸収ピークを有する。一方、酸化セリウム水分散液もこの近傍に吸収を有するため、その影響を除外するために、酸化セリウム水分散液のみの補正用サンプルで補正を行った。また、各添加物水溶液のみのサンプルを、吸着前(未吸着)の基準とした。
実施例5で用いた動物実験用の材料、飼料、及び機器等を以下に記す。
・ラット(日本エスエルシー株式会社)
Slc:Wistarラットの腎臓5/6摘出動物
(1)3週齢で生産所から日本エスエルシー株式会社バイオテクニカルセンターへ移動
(2)4週齢で左腎臓を2/3摘出
(3)5週齢で右腎臓を全摘出
(4)6週齢で納品
・粉末飼料(株式会社フナバシファーム)
AIN-93G改変粉末飼料(タンパク源を大豆タンパクに置換)
・飼料調製用撹拌機(ボッシュ株式会社)
コンパクトキッチンマシンMUM4415JP
・水又はお湯
浄水器に通してからポットで煮沸したものを使用
・動物実験用飼料ラボMRストック(日本農産工業株式会社)
・炭酸ランタン(ニッキ株式会社)
炭酸ランタン粉末(La2(CO3)3・12.7H2O;Lot No.200801)
・動物実験用翼付採血針
CL-4597(日本クレア株式会社)
(1)粉末飼料250gを秤量し、キッチンマシンで撹拌した。
(2)調製した酸化セリウム水分散液(固形分濃度:10質量%)32.7gを、撹拌中の粉末飼料に少量ずつ添加し、3分間キッチンマシンで撹拌した後に、壁面についたエサを一度かき落としてから、再度、3分間撹拌した。続けて、約110mLのお湯を添加した。
(3)一度手でまとめた後、更に均一になるまでキッチンマシンでこねた。
(4)こねた餌を、直径1cm、長さ2.5cm程度の円柱形に成形した。
(5)成形した餌を、室温、扇風機下、又は38℃インキュベーター中で2日間乾燥させた。
(6)乾燥後、重量を測定して残留水分の割合を算出した。
(7)調製した餌は、チャック付きの袋に入れて冷蔵保存した。
上記(1)~(7)を必要量繰り返して、餌の調製を行った。
(1)5/6腎切除モデルラットの体重を計量し、3群に振り分けた。
(2)各群は、自由摂餌、自由摂水とし、餌は飼育MRストックで順化させた。飼養室条件は室温22±2℃、照明は1日12時間点灯とした。
(3)その後、調製した特別食で自由摂餌、自由摂水として飼育した。飼養室条件は馴化時と同様に、室温22±2℃、照明は1日12時間点灯とした。
(4)0、7、14、21、28日目は、代謝ケージで24時間飼育した。0日目の飼育ではラボMRストックを、それ以降は特別食を与えて飼育し、摂餌量、摂水量、尿量、及び糞量を測定し、尿と糞をサンプリングした。
(5)代謝ケージから出して、体重測定を行い、体重測定の後に翼状針で採血を行った。採血量は約400μLとし、血液は室温で1時間インキュベート後、遠心分離(1,700×g、20分)して血清を得た。
以降、(4)代謝ケージでの飼育と(5)体重測定・採血を繰り返した。
(6)最終28日目は、1日絶食させた後、解剖を行った。解剖は、麻酔下で開腹、下大静脈より採血して放血死させた。得られた血液を遠心分離(1,700×g、20分)して血清を得た。放血死したラットの肝臓、腎臓、脾臓、小腸、胃を採取した。小腸、胃は切開して内容物を取り除き、PBSで2回洗浄した。ここまでを3回繰り返し、各群6匹とした。
本発明の餌の調製の(2)において、酸化セリウム水分散液を添加せず、つまり何も添加せず、お湯の量を約110mLから約140mLに変更した以外は同様にして、比較例1の餌を調製した。
本発明の餌の調製の(2)において、酸化セリウム水分散液を添加する代わりに、炭酸ランタン粉末3.09gを添加し、お湯の量を約110mLから約140mLに変更した以外は同様にして、比較例2の餌を調製した。
以下に、各試験項目の分析方法及び分析用試薬を記す。
・血清クレアチニン(CRE):酵素法、Lタイプワコー CRE・M(富士フイルム和光純薬)
・血中尿素窒素(BUN):ウレアーゼ-GLDH法、オリエンタル酵母工業株式会社製試薬(オリエンタル酵母工業株式会社)
・血清リン(IP):酵素法、デタミナーL IP II(日立化成ダイアグノスティックス・システムズ)
・アラニンアミノトランスフェラーゼ(ALT):JSCC標準化対応法、Lタイプワコー ALT・J2(富士フイルム和光純薬)
上記4項目は、日立7180型自動分析装置を使用して測定された。
なお、ALTについては、最終日に採取した血液サンプルについてのみの測定となった。
一方、酸化セリウムを添加した群の血清クレアチニン(CRE)、血中尿素窒素(BUN)の値は、増加することなく一定値を維持しているが、炭酸ランタンを添加した群の血清クレアチニン(CRE)、血中尿素窒素(BUN)の値は、酸化セリウムを添加した群と比してやや増加傾向にあった(図9及び10)。
続いて、以下の手順で、本発明のセリウム化合物を含むゼリー剤を2種調製した。
<実施例6-1>ゲル化剤:ゼラチン
(1)上記のセリウム化合物水分散液の調製において、(5)に記載した上澄除去量を変更することにより、酸化セリウム濃度が18.0質量%の水分散液を調製した。
(2)撹拌する酸化セリウム水分散液100.0gに、ゼラチン(富士フイルム和光純薬株式会社)2.0gを少量ずつ添加し、十分に混合して、ゼリー剤Aを得た。
(1)上記のセリウム化合物水分散液の調製において、(5)に記載した上澄除去量を変更することにより、酸化セリウム濃度が18.0質量%の水分散液を調製した。
(2)撹拌する水100.0gに、寒天粉末(富士フイルム和光純薬株式会社)1.4gを少量ずつ添加し、加熱溶解した後、降温した。
(3)撹拌する酸化セリウム水分散液100.0gに、50℃の寒天水溶液50.7gを混合・撹拌して、室温まで降温し、ゼリー剤Bを得た。
Claims (18)
- セリウム化合物を有効成分として含む、医薬組成物。
- 腎疾患治療のための、請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- リン吸着剤である、請求項1又は2に記載の医薬組成物。
- 尿毒素前駆体の吸着剤である、請求項1~3の何れか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 血清クレアチニン(CRE)値の低減、又は上昇の抑制のために用いる、請求項1~4の何れか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 血中尿素窒素(BUN)値の低減、又は上昇の抑制のために用いる、請求項1~5の何れか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記セリウム化合物が、分散剤に被覆されてなる、請求項1~6の何れか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記分散剤が、カルボキシ基、及び/又はカルボキシレート基を有する分散剤である、請求項7に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記分散剤が、脂肪酸、ポリカルボン酸、アミノ酸及びこれらの薬学上許容される塩、又は誘導体からなる群から選択される1種又は2種以上である、請求項7又は8に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記脂肪酸の炭素数が、8個以下である、請求項9に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記ポリカルボン酸が、ポリアクリル酸である、請求項9に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記アミノ酸の炭素数が、8個以下である、請求項9に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記セリウム化合物が、セリウム化合物微粒子であって、前記セリウム化合物微粒子の平均一次粒子径が、100nm以下である、請求項1~12の何れか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記セリウム化合物が、水不溶性である、請求項1~13の何れか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記セリウム化合物が、セリウムの酸化物、水酸化物、酸水酸化物、シュウ酸化物、フッ化物からなる群から選択される1種又は2種以上である、請求項1~14の何れか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 経口剤である、請求項1~15の何れか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 血液透析用組成物である、請求項1~15の何れか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 以下の工程を含む、酸化セリウム微粒子の製造方法。
(工程A)
反応容器に、0.2mol/L以上のセリウム塩、分散剤、水を入れ、溶液の温度を5~35℃に維持しながら、撹拌し、溶液を調製する。
(工程B)
次いで、撹拌を保持しながら、前記溶液に過酸化水素水を必要量添加する。
(工程C)
次いで、撹拌を保持しながら、前記溶液に1mol/L以上の水酸化物イオン源を添加する。
(工程D)
撹拌を保持しながら、この溶液を昇温して、所定時間維持した後、室温まで降温させる。
(工程E)
その後、溶液を所定の濃度に調整し、酸化セリウム水分散液を得る。
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP21842561.9A EP4180048A4 (en) | 2020-07-13 | 2021-04-30 | PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION CONTAINING A CER COMPOUND AS ACTIVE INGREDIENT |
CA3189026A CA3189026A1 (en) | 2020-07-13 | 2021-04-30 | Pharmaceutical composition containing cerium compound as active ingredient |
AU2021309295A AU2021309295A1 (en) | 2020-07-13 | 2021-04-30 | Pharmaceutical composition containing cerium compound as active ingredient |
CN202180061366.8A CN116456993A (zh) | 2020-07-13 | 2021-04-30 | 包含铈化合物作为有效成分的药物组合物 |
JP2022536143A JPWO2022014122A1 (ja) | 2020-07-13 | 2021-04-30 | |
US18/153,124 US20230233603A1 (en) | 2020-07-13 | 2023-01-11 | Pharmaceutical composition containing cerium compound as active ingredient |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2020119746 | 2020-07-13 | ||
JP2020-119746 | 2020-07-13 |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US18/153,124 Continuation-In-Part US20230233603A1 (en) | 2020-07-13 | 2023-01-11 | Pharmaceutical composition containing cerium compound as active ingredient |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2022014122A1 true WO2022014122A1 (ja) | 2022-01-20 |
Family
ID=79554628
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2021/017295 WO2022014122A1 (ja) | 2020-07-13 | 2021-04-30 | セリウム化合物を有効成分として含む、医薬組成物 |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20230233603A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP4180048A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JPWO2022014122A1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN116456993A (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2021309295A1 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA3189026A1 (ja) |
TW (1) | TW202202154A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2022014122A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2024154771A1 (ja) * | 2023-01-18 | 2024-07-25 | 株式会社applause Pharma | 3価のセリウムを含むセリウム化合物を有効成分とする医薬組成物 |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS614529A (ja) | 1984-06-15 | 1986-01-10 | Asahi Chem Ind Co Ltd | リン酸イオンの吸着剤 |
JPS6211611B2 (ja) | 1979-11-22 | 1987-03-13 | Kureha Chemical Ind Co Ltd | |
JPH11503119A (ja) | 1995-03-25 | 1999-03-23 | ジョンソン マッセイ パブリック リミティド カンパニー | 選択された炭酸ランタン水和物を含有する医薬組成物 |
JP2007022836A (ja) * | 2005-07-14 | 2007-02-01 | Sumitomo Osaka Cement Co Ltd | 希土類元素添加酸化セリウム粉体の製造方法 |
JP2016514163A (ja) * | 2013-03-14 | 2016-05-19 | ペロキシウム・インコーポレイテッド,デラウェア・シー・コーポレーション | ナノカプセル化およびコーティングによる療法用CeO2粒子の生体分布および組織ターゲティング特性を増強する方法 |
JP2018508568A (ja) * | 2015-01-20 | 2018-03-29 | セリオン,リミティド ライアビリティ カンパニー | カタラーゼ様活性を有するeddsでキレート化されたナノセリア |
JP2020045290A (ja) * | 2018-09-14 | 2020-03-26 | 恒隆 川口 | メラニン生成抑制剤 |
JP2020045291A (ja) * | 2018-09-14 | 2020-03-26 | 恒隆 川口 | 酸化セリウム含有組成物 |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0810610A (ja) * | 1994-07-05 | 1996-01-16 | Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha Ltd | リン吸着剤 |
JP6664631B2 (ja) * | 2014-08-11 | 2020-03-13 | 学校法人法政大学 | リン吸着剤、吸着剤の製造方法および吸着剤を用いた吸着方法 |
EP3777920A1 (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2021-02-17 | Toray Industries, Inc. | Phosphorus adsorbent, porous fiber and phosphorus adsorption column |
US20210387110A1 (en) * | 2018-10-23 | 2021-12-16 | Northwestern University | Metal-organic frameworks for the removal of uremic toxins |
CN109939125B (zh) * | 2019-04-22 | 2021-05-18 | 南昌大学第二附属医院 | 一种抗氧化剂及其制备方法与应用 |
-
2021
- 2021-04-30 CN CN202180061366.8A patent/CN116456993A/zh active Pending
- 2021-04-30 CA CA3189026A patent/CA3189026A1/en active Pending
- 2021-04-30 JP JP2022536143A patent/JPWO2022014122A1/ja active Pending
- 2021-04-30 AU AU2021309295A patent/AU2021309295A1/en active Pending
- 2021-04-30 WO PCT/JP2021/017295 patent/WO2022014122A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2021-04-30 EP EP21842561.9A patent/EP4180048A4/en active Pending
- 2021-04-30 TW TW110115695A patent/TW202202154A/zh unknown
-
2023
- 2023-01-11 US US18/153,124 patent/US20230233603A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6211611B2 (ja) | 1979-11-22 | 1987-03-13 | Kureha Chemical Ind Co Ltd | |
JPS614529A (ja) | 1984-06-15 | 1986-01-10 | Asahi Chem Ind Co Ltd | リン酸イオンの吸着剤 |
JPH11503119A (ja) | 1995-03-25 | 1999-03-23 | ジョンソン マッセイ パブリック リミティド カンパニー | 選択された炭酸ランタン水和物を含有する医薬組成物 |
JP2007022836A (ja) * | 2005-07-14 | 2007-02-01 | Sumitomo Osaka Cement Co Ltd | 希土類元素添加酸化セリウム粉体の製造方法 |
JP2016514163A (ja) * | 2013-03-14 | 2016-05-19 | ペロキシウム・インコーポレイテッド,デラウェア・シー・コーポレーション | ナノカプセル化およびコーティングによる療法用CeO2粒子の生体分布および組織ターゲティング特性を増強する方法 |
JP2018508568A (ja) * | 2015-01-20 | 2018-03-29 | セリオン,リミティド ライアビリティ カンパニー | カタラーゼ様活性を有するeddsでキレート化されたナノセリア |
JP2020045290A (ja) * | 2018-09-14 | 2020-03-26 | 恒隆 川口 | メラニン生成抑制剤 |
JP2020045291A (ja) * | 2018-09-14 | 2020-03-26 | 恒隆 川口 | 酸化セリウム含有組成物 |
Non-Patent Citations (7)
Title |
---|
MASAYA IWAMUROHIROMITSU KANZAKISEIJI KAWANOYOSHIRO KAWAHARATAKEHIRO TANAKAHIROYUKI OKADA: "Endoscopic Features of Lanthanum Deposition in the Gastroduodenal Mucosa", GASTROENTEROL ENDOSC., vol. 59, no. 6, 2017, pages 1428 - 1434 |
MIYAKAWA, KAZUKI ET AL.: "XC237 Ce02 nanoparticle hydrothermal synthesis with amino base for the production of nanocomposite materials", SCEJ 80TH ANNUAL MEETING; TOKYO, JAPAN; MARCH 19-21, 2015, vol. 80, 30 November 2014 (2014-11-30) - 21 March 2015 (2015-03-21), JP, pages XC237, XP009534214 * |
MUNEHIRO YOSHIDAISSEI NISHIZAKIEMI KOMURARYOTA HOSAMIKENJI FUKUNAGA: "Effect of difference in dietary protein on serum phosphorus and tissue lanthanum concentration in rats administered lanthanum carbonate", TRACE NUTRIENTS RESEARCH, vol. 36, 2019, pages 29 - 34 |
OGURA MITSUO, HITOSHI IWAMOTO, TAKASHI AKIBA, SEINOSUKE NAKAGAWA: "Development of non-aluminum phosphate binder - Hydrous cerium oxide ", JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL ORGANS, vol. 15, no. 3, 1 January 1986 (1986-01-01), pages 775 - 778, XP055898169 * |
SAIFI, M. A. ET AL.: "Protective Effect of Nanoceria on Cisplatin-induced Nephrotoxicity by Amelioration of Oxidative Stress and Pro- inflammatory Mechanisms", BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH, vol. 189, 2019, pages 145 - 156, XP036747226, DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1457-0 * |
See also references of EP4180048A4 |
TOSHIMITSU NIWATAKASHI MIYAZAKI: "Current State of Uremic Substance Research '98 - from the 43rd Current Concept of the Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy", JOURNAL OF JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR DIALYSIS THERAPY, vol. 31, no. 12, 1998, pages 1423 - 1429 |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2024154771A1 (ja) * | 2023-01-18 | 2024-07-25 | 株式会社applause Pharma | 3価のセリウムを含むセリウム化合物を有効成分とする医薬組成物 |
WO2024154276A1 (ja) * | 2023-01-18 | 2024-07-25 | 株式会社applause Pharma | 3価のセリウムを含むセリウム化合物を有効成分とする医薬組成物 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP4180048A4 (en) | 2024-07-10 |
EP4180048A1 (en) | 2023-05-17 |
JPWO2022014122A1 (ja) | 2022-01-20 |
CN116456993A (zh) | 2023-07-18 |
TW202202154A (zh) | 2022-01-16 |
AU2021309295A1 (en) | 2023-03-09 |
CA3189026A1 (en) | 2022-01-20 |
US20230233603A1 (en) | 2023-07-27 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP5456969B2 (ja) | 製造方法 | |
DK2319804T3 (en) | Iron (III) -carbohydrat-based phosphatadsorbens | |
WO2012098562A2 (en) | Liquid oral compositions of lanthanum salts | |
CZ170294A3 (en) | Water-soluble complex of anionic polysaccharide with a cation, process of its preparation, its mixture in a dry agglomerated form, low-viscosity, heat-sterilizable nutritive beverage, foodstuff and pharmaceutical composition containing thereof | |
KR20110018434A (ko) | 철 함유 인산염 흡착제의 제조를 위한 제조 방법 | |
JPH0326169B2 (ja) | ||
EA019635B1 (ru) | Лиганд-модифицированные полиоксогидроксидные материалы с ионами металла, их применение и способы их получения | |
US20230233603A1 (en) | Pharmaceutical composition containing cerium compound as active ingredient | |
CN102470183A (zh) | 一种含二甲硅油/西甲硅油的药物组合物 | |
US11213505B2 (en) | Product based on iron bis-glycinate chelate and alginic acid and/or water-soluble salts thereof, formulations thereof, and pharmaceutical uses thereof | |
CN113905619A (zh) | 钠排出粒子 | |
WO2008116215A2 (en) | Phosphorus binder for treatment of renal disease | |
JP2018530565A (ja) | カルボキシレート配位子修飾水酸化第二鉄コロイドおよび関連組成物を生成するための方法ならびに使用 | |
ES2908336T3 (es) | Suspensión que comprende hidróxido de aluminio e hidróxido de magnesio y procedimiento de preparación de la misma | |
JP4616195B2 (ja) | キトサンの難溶性塩を含有する組成物 | |
JP2024509476A (ja) | 鉄欠乏症の処置を受けた対象体における胃腸炎症の処置に用いるための鉄ベースの組成物 | |
EP3609473B1 (en) | Oral compositions for the treatment of iron deficiency disorders | |
WO2024154276A1 (ja) | 3価のセリウムを含むセリウム化合物を有効成分とする医薬組成物 | |
JP2004051615A (ja) | キトサン・オロチン酸塩を使用する胆汁酸吸着剤。 | |
US11865099B2 (en) | Product based on iron bis-glycinate chelate and alginic acid and/or water-soluble salts thereof, formulations thereof, and pharmaceutical uses thereof | |
TW202432148A (zh) | 含有三價鈰之鈰化合物之用途 | |
JP2023520709A (ja) | 肝疾患と関連する鉄欠乏症の治療または予防における使用のためのカルボン酸塩リガンド修飾水酸化第二鉄組成物 | |
EA043686B1 (ru) | Фармацевтическая композиция для снижения уровня связанных с белками уремических токсинов | |
JP2022122264A (ja) | 薬剤の製造方法 | |
US20090239914A1 (en) | Phosphorus binder for treatment of renal disease |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 21842561 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 3189026 Country of ref document: CA |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 202180061366.8 Country of ref document: CN |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2022536143 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2021842561 Country of ref document: EP Effective date: 20230213 |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2021309295 Country of ref document: AU Date of ref document: 20210430 Kind code of ref document: A |