WO2022007042A1 - 汽车 - Google Patents
汽车 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022007042A1 WO2022007042A1 PCT/CN2020/105087 CN2020105087W WO2022007042A1 WO 2022007042 A1 WO2022007042 A1 WO 2022007042A1 CN 2020105087 W CN2020105087 W CN 2020105087W WO 2022007042 A1 WO2022007042 A1 WO 2022007042A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
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- sound
- side door
- hole
- cavity
- vehicle
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R11/00—Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for
- B60R11/02—Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for for radio sets, television sets, telephones, or the like; Arrangement of controls thereof
- B60R11/0217—Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for for radio sets, television sets, telephones, or the like; Arrangement of controls thereof for loud-speakers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Q—ARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Q5/00—Arrangement or adaptation of acoustic signal devices
Definitions
- the present application relates to the technical field of in-vehicle sound fields, and relates to an automobile with an in-vehicle sound wave device.
- crossover cars have become the development trend of the entire automobile industry, especially in terms of sedan coupes, sports cars, coupe SUVs, etc., all of which are crossover combinations that incorporate sports car elements.
- crossovers In terms of appearance, driving maneuverability, interior style, power and other aspects of this type of vehicle, crossovers have initially acquired most of the elements of sports cars, bringing users a better user experience, but in the simulation of sports car engines.
- the top sports car will use a 12-cylinder engine, which leads to obvious differences in the engine sound during the operation of the engine, which significantly affects the driving experience.
- on-board speakers can be used to simulate the sound of a high-cylinder engine, so as to provide people in the car with a driving experience that simulates the sound of a sports car engine.
- speakers are generally installed on the outer contour of the car to emit the engine sound that simulates a high-cylinder engine and radiate directly to the outer space. Since the speakers are installed on the outer contour of the car, the reliability and safety The requirements are much higher than the speakers installed in the car, thus increasing the cost of the overall solution, the complexity of the design and the difficulty of implementation.
- the purpose of the present application is to provide an automobile, so as to reduce the cost, design complexity and realization difficulty of the overall solution when simulating the engine sound of a sports car.
- An automobile comprising a door with a receiving space, the automobile further comprising a vehicle-mounted sound wave device arranged in the vehicle door, the vehicle-mounted sound wave device comprising a casing with a cavity, and a casing accommodated in the cavity and connected with the A sound-generating unit fixed to the housing, the sound-generating unit includes a vibrating membrane for vibrating and sounding, and the sound-generating unit divides the cavity into a sound-guiding front cavity close to the vibrating membrane and a coupled rear cavity far from the vibrating membrane
- the casing is provided with a first sound outlet hole and a second sound outlet hole that communicate with the sound guide front cavity and are spaced apart from each other, and the first sound outlet hole connects the sound guide front cavity with the interior of the vehicle.
- the space is connected, and the second sound outlet communicates the sound-guiding front cavity with the space outside the vehicle.
- the sound-emitting unit is directly opposite to the first sound-outlet hole and is arranged at intervals.
- the door includes a first side door close to the interior space and a second side door close to the exterior space
- the housing includes one end fixed to the first side door, and the other end fixed to the first side door.
- the first shell and the second shell of the second side door, the sounding unit is fixed on the first shell and surrounds the first shell to form a coupling rear cavity, and the coupling rear cavity is connected to the first shell.
- Both the first side door and the second side door are arranged at intervals.
- the first casing, the second casing, and the sound-generating unit are jointly enclosed to form the sound-guiding front cavity, and the first sound-exit hole and the
- the second sound outlet holes are all formed in the second casing, the part of the first side door abutting against the second casing is provided with a second through hole penetrating therethrough, and the first sound outlet hole is connected to the second casing.
- the second through hole is in communication, the part of the second side door abutting against the second casing is provided with a third through hole passing through it, and the second sound outlet is communicated with the third through hole .
- the in-vehicle sound wave device further includes a first dustproof part and a second dustproof part with mesh holes, the first dustproof part is fixed on the first side door and covers all the the second through hole, the second dustproof part is fixed on the second shell and covers the second sound outlet.
- the door includes a first side door close to the interior space and a second side door close to the exterior space
- the housing includes one end fixed to the first side door, and the other end fixed to the first side door.
- the partition plate of the second side door, the shell includes a first through hole formed on the partition plate, the sound-emitting unit is fixed on the partition plate and covers the first through hole, so The partition plate, the sound-emitting unit, the first side door and the second side door are surrounded to form the sound-guiding front cavity, the first sound outlet hole is arranged on the first side door, and the second outlet hole is arranged on the first side door.
- the sound hole is arranged on the second side door.
- the partition, the sound-emitting unit, and the first side door and the second side door surround the coupling rear cavity.
- the partition plate is provided with a fourth through hole corresponding to the second sound outlet hole, and the fourth through hole communicates with the second sound outlet hole.
- the in-vehicle sound wave device further includes a first dustproof part and a second dustproof part with mesh holes, the first dustproof part is fixed on the first side door and covers all the The first sound outlet hole, the second dustproof part is fixed on the partition plate and covers the fourth through hole.
- sound absorbing material is housed in the back-coupling cavity.
- the sound-guiding front cavity is communicated with the interior space through the first sound outlet, and the sound-guiding front cavity is communicated with the outside space through the second sound outlet, so that the sound that simulates the engine sound of a sports car can be transmitted by the sound-emitting unit.
- the sound front cavity, the first sound outlet and the second sound outlet are transmitted to the interior space and the exterior space of the vehicle, so that the sound emitted by a sound unit can be transmitted to the interior space and the exterior space at the same time, avoiding the outer contour of the vehicle.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the outer side of a vehicle door in an embodiment of the application
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the inner side structure of the vehicle door shown in FIG. 1;
- Fig. 3 is A-A sectional view in Fig. 2;
- Fig. 4 is the enlarged structural schematic diagram of B part in Fig. 3;
- Fig. 5 is the enlarged structural schematic diagram of C part in Fig. 3;
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the vehicle door shown in FIG. 1;
- FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an outer side of a vehicle door in another embodiment of the application.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the inner side structure of the vehicle door shown in FIG. 7;
- Fig. 9 is the sectional view of D-D in Fig. 8.
- Fig. 10 is the enlarged structural schematic diagram of E part in Fig. 9;
- Fig. 11 is the enlarged structural schematic diagram of F part in Fig. 9;
- FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the vehicle door shown in FIG. 7;
- FIG. 13 is an acoustic transfer function curve of the sound-guiding front cavity in the embodiment of the present application.
- An embodiment of the present application provides an automobile, and the automobile includes an in-vehicle sound wave device.
- the vehicle-mounted sound wave device includes a casing with a cavity and a sounding unit 100 accommodated in the cavity and fixed with the casing.
- the sounding unit 100 includes a diaphragm for vibrating and sounding, and the sounding unit 100 divides the cavity into parts close to the diaphragm.
- the casing is provided with a first sound outlet hole 210 and a second sound outlet hole 220 which are communicated with the sound guide front cavity 200 and are spaced apart from each other, so as to export the sound emitted by the sound generating unit 100 .
- the first sound outlet 210 is used to connect the sound-guiding front cavity 200 with the interior space of the vehicle, and the sound emitted by the sound generating unit 100 is transmitted to the vehicle interior space through the sound-guiding front cavity 200 from the first sound exit hole 210
- the second The sound exit hole 220 is used to connect the sound guiding front cavity 200 with the outside space of the vehicle, and the sound emitted by the sound generating unit 100 is transmitted to the outside space through the second sound exit hole 220 through the sound guiding front cavity 200 .
- the sound generating unit 100 is used for generating a sound simulating the sound of an engine of a sports car.
- the sound can be transmitted to the interior space and the exterior space of the vehicle through the sound guiding front cavity 200 and through the first sound outlet 210 and the second sound outlet 220, respectively. That is, the sound emitted by one sounding unit 100 can be transmitted to the interior space and the outside space at the same time, which avoids the increase of cost and design complexity caused by installing the sounding unit 100 on the outer contour of the vehicle, and reduces the realization of simulated sports car engine sound. the difficulty of the driving experience. It can be understood that the number of the vehicle-mounted sound wave device may be one, two or more than two.
- a plurality of in-vehicle sound wave devices can achieve the best sound wave effect through sound combination, that is, each sound generating unit 100 emits the same/different sound, and the best sound wave effect can be achieved by the combination of each sound.
- the sound simulating the engine sound of a sports car may be emitted by each sound generating unit 100 at the same time, or the sounds generated by each sound generating unit 100 may be combined to form a sound simulating the engine sound of a sports car.
- the coupling rear cavity 300 and the sound-guiding front cavity 200 may be surrounded by an independent casing, which is not the structure of the vehicle door 20 itself. It can be understood that in other embodiments, the coupling rear cavity 300 and the sound-guiding front cavity 200 can also be formed by using the structure of the vehicle door 20 itself. , the two cavities respectively constitute the coupling rear cavity 300 and the sound guiding front cavity 200 , and the structure between the two cavities can install the sound generating unit 100 .
- the cavity of the vehicle door 20 itself may be divided into a coupling rear cavity 300 and a sound-guiding front cavity 200 by a partition structure, and the sound-emitting unit 100 can be installed on the partition structure.
- the sound-guiding front cavity 200 has a certain frequency selectivity.
- the frequency selectivity is represented by the transfer function G(s) of the acoustically guided front cavity 200, as follows:
- Effective sound compliance C c is the equivalent sound compliance of the sound-guiding front cavity 200
- h is the coordination ratio
- ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 are the sound compliance ratio
- j is the imaginary unit
- Q b is the quality factor of the coupling rear cavity 300
- the acoustic design mainly achieved by the control chamber 200 volume before the sound conduction V c and coupled rear cavity 300 volume V b, the transfer function G cavity 200 of the front guide sound (s) parameter and the sound guide according to the front chamber
- the relationship between the 200 volume V c and the 300 volume V b of the coupled cavity can be derived from the electro-mechanical-acoustic analogy of the acoustic principle, and the results are as follows:
- f s is the sound unit 100 tests baffle resonance frequency
- C s is the equivalent sound unit utterance 100 cis
- a is the radius of the effective sound radiating diaphragm unit 100
- Q s the quality factor is a sounder unit 100
- V c is the volume of the cavity 200 before the sound guide
- V b is the volume of the cavity 300 after the coupling
- f b is the resonance frequency of the cavity 300 after the coupling
- f c is the resonant frequency of the sound-guiding front cavity 200
- C b is the equivalent sound compliance of the coupling rear cavity 300
- C c is the equivalent sound compliance of the sound-guiding front cavity 200
- ⁇ 0 is the air density
- c is the air speed of sound.
- FIG. 13 it is a transfer function curve diagram of a typical design of a band-pass sound-guiding front cavity 200. It can be seen that the structure of the sound-guiding front cavity 200 achieves a certain bandwidth limitation, and only makes the passband frequency range The sound inside can be transmitted to the interior space and the exterior space of the vehicle through the structure of the sound-guiding front cavity 200 . Since the engine sounds of different manufacturers and models are different, the acoustic characteristics and size of the sound guiding front cavity 200 are not limited here, and are specifically designed according to actual design requirements.
- a vehicle includes a door 20 having a receiving space and an in-vehicle sound wave device disposed in the door 20 .
- the door 20 includes a first side door 22 close to the interior space and a second side door 21 close to the exterior space.
- the casing includes a first casing 400 and a second casing 500 , one end of which is fixed to the first side door 22 and the other end is fixed to the second side door 21 .
- the first casing 400 and the second casing 500 are independent structures different from the vehicle door 20 .
- the sounding unit 100 is fixed to the first casing 400 and surrounds the first casing 400 to form a coupling rear cavity 300 , and the coupling rear cavity 300 is spaced from the first side door 22 and the second side door 21 .
- the first casing 400 , the second casing 500 , and the sound generating unit 100 are formed together to form a sound guiding front cavity 200 .
- the first sound outlet 210 and the second sound outlet 220 are formed in the second casing 500 .
- the part of the side door 22 in contact with the second casing 500 is provided with a second through hole 23 therethrough, the first sound outlet hole 210 communicates with the second through hole 23 , and the second side door 21 abuts against the second casing 500
- a third through hole 24 is provided on the part of the 1 , and the second sound outlet hole 220 communicates with the third through hole 24 .
- the second housing 500 are independent structures different from the vehicle door 20 .
- the second housing 500 includes a first side wall 510 , a second side wall 520 and two third side walls located between the first side wall 510 and the second side wall 520 which are oppositely disposed along the thickness direction of the door 20 530.
- the first side wall 510 includes a first straight plate 511 and a second straight plate 512 connected in sequence.
- the first straight plate 511 abuts against the first side door 22 and has a first sound outlet 210 formed thereon.
- the sound holes 210 are directly opposite and arranged at intervals. The sound emitted by the sound generating unit 100 is transmitted to the interior space of the vehicle through the second through hole 23 through the sound guiding front cavity 200 and the first sound outlet hole 210 .
- the vehicle-mounted sound wave device further includes a first dustproof part 600 with mesh holes, and the first dustproof part 600 is used to prevent dust from entering the sound guiding front cavity 200 from the first sound outlet hole 210 .
- the first dustproof part 600 is a mesh cover structure, which is fixed to the first side door 22 and covers the second through hole 23 .
- the second side wall 520 includes a first arc-shaped plate 521 and a second arc-shaped plate 522 which are connected in sequence.
- the second arc-shaped plate 522 is abutted against the second side door 21 , and a second sound outlet hole 220 is formed thereon.
- the sound emitted by the sound generating unit 100 is propagated to the outside space through the third through hole 24 through the sound guiding front cavity 200 and the second sound outlet hole 220 , forming sound waves around the exterior vehicle body.
- the vehicle-mounted sound wave device further includes a second dustproof part 700 having mesh holes, and the second dustproof part 700 is used to prevent dust from entering the sound guiding front cavity 200 from the second sound outlet hole 220 .
- the second dustproof portion 700 is a mesh cover structure, which is fixed to the second side door 21 and covers the third through hole 24 . Further, the end of the second straight plate 512 away from the first straight plate 511 is integrated with the end of the second arc-shaped plate 522 away from the first arc-shaped plate 521.
- the first sound outlet hole 210 is arranged in the height direction and is located below the second sound outlet hole 220 .
- the entire car body, especially the part of the second side door 21 at the third through hole 24, is more sporty and more in line with the sports car style, on the other hand
- the formation of abrupt openings on the door 20 is prevented, and the third through hole 24 is shielded and beautified to a certain extent.
- the door 20 is provided with grids 25 to form third through holes 24 , that is, the third through holes 24 are formed in the gaps between the grids 25 to shield and beautify the third through holes 24 to a certain extent.
- a vehicle in another embodiment, includes a door 20 having a receiving space and a vehicle-mounted sound wave device disposed in the door 20 .
- the vehicle door 20 includes a first side door 22 close to the interior space and a second side door 21 close to the exterior space.
- the housing includes a partition 30 with one end fixed to the first side door 22 and the other end fixed to the second side door 21 .
- the housing includes a first through hole 301 penetrating through the partition 30 , and the sounding unit 100 is fixed to the partition 30 and cover the first through hole 301, the partition 30, the sounding unit 100 and the first side door 22 and the second side door 21 are surrounded to form a sound guiding front cavity 200, the first sound outlet 210 is provided in the first side door 22, the second The sound outlet 220 is provided on the second side door 21 .
- the partition 30 , the sounding unit 100 and the first side door 22 and the second side door 21 are surrounded to form a coupling rear cavity 300 .
- the partition plate 30 includes a straight plate 302 , a first arc-shaped plate 303 and a second arc-shaped plate 304 which are connected in sequence.
- the straight plate 302 , the first arc-shaped plate 303 and the second arc-shaped plate 304 all extend in a direction parallel to the vehicle axis, and both ends are respectively connected to two opposite inner walls of the vehicle door 20 along the direction parallel to the vehicle axis.
- the straight plate 302 , the first arc-shaped plate 303 and the vehicle door 20 are surrounded to form a coupling rear cavity 300 .
- the straight plate 302 , the first arc-shaped plate 303 , the second arc-shaped plate 304 and the vehicle door 20 are surrounded to form a sound-guiding front cavity 200 .
- the first through holes 301 are formed on the first arc-shaped plate 303 .
- the sounding unit 100 passes through the first through hole 301 .
- the first sound outlet hole 210 is formed on the first side door 22 , and the sound generation unit 100 is opposite to the first sound outlet hole 210 and arranged at intervals.
- the sound emitted by the sound generating unit 100 is transmitted to the interior space of the vehicle through the sound guiding front cavity 200 and the first sound outlet hole 210 .
- the vehicle-mounted sound wave device further includes a first dustproof part 700 with mesh holes, and the first dustproof part 700 is used to prevent dust from entering the sound guiding front cavity 200 from the first sound outlet hole 210 .
- the first dustproof part 700 is a mesh cover structure, which is fixed to the first side door 22 and covers the first sound outlet hole 210 .
- the second arc-shaped plate 304 abuts against the second side door 21 , and is provided with a fourth through hole 3041 corresponding to the second sound outlet hole 220 , and the fourth through hole 3041 communicates with the second sound outlet hole 220 .
- the sound emitted by the sound generating unit 100 is transmitted to the outer space of the vehicle through the second sound outlet hole 220 through the sound guiding front cavity 200 and the fourth through hole 3041 to form sound waves around the outer vehicle body.
- the vehicle-mounted sound wave device further includes a second dust-proof part 800 having mesh holes, and the second dust-proof part 800 is used to prevent dust from entering the sound-guiding front cavity 200 through the fourth through hole 3041 .
- the second dustproof portion 800 is a mesh cover structure, which is fixed to the partition plate 30 and covers the fourth through hole 3041 . Further, the first sound outlet 210 and the second sound outlet 220 are disposed along the height direction of the vehicle, and the first sound outlet 210 is located below the second sound outlet 220 .
- the entire vehicle body, especially the second side door 21 at the second sound outlet 220 has a more sporty shape and is more in line with the style of a sports car.
- the second sound outlet hole 220 is shielded and beautified to a certain extent.
- the door 20 is provided with a grid 25 to form the second sound outlet 220 , that is, the second sound outlet 220 is formed in the gap between the grids 25 to shield the second sound outlet 220 to a certain extent. beautify.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Vehicle Interior And Exterior Ornaments, Soundproofing, And Insulation (AREA)
- Fittings On The Vehicle Exterior For Carrying Loads, And Devices For Holding Or Mounting Articles (AREA)
Abstract
本申请提供了一种汽车。该汽车包括具有收容空间的车门和设于车门内的车载声浪装置，车载声浪装置包括具有腔体的壳体以及收容于腔体内并与壳体固定的发声单元，发声单元将腔体分隔为导声前腔以及耦合后腔，壳体上设有与导声前腔连通且相互间隔的第一出声孔和第二出声孔，第一出声孔将导声前腔与车内空间连通，第二出声孔将导声前腔与车外空间连通。发声单元发出模拟跑车引擎声的声音能够经导声前腔、第一出声孔和第二出声孔传播到车内空间和车外空间，实现一个发声单元发出的声音能够同时传播到车内空间和车外空间，避免了在车外部轮廓上安装发声单元造成的成本和设计复杂度的增加，同时降低了实现模拟跑车引擎声的驾驶体验的难度。
Description
本申请涉及车载声场技术领域，涉及一种具有车载声浪装置的汽车。
如今，汽车电子技术发展迅速，为用户提供优秀的驾驶体验已经成为汽车不可或缺的部分。并且，跨界汽车已经愈发成为整个汽车行业的发展趋势，尤其是在三厢轿跑、运动型轿车、Coupe SUV等方面，无一例外不是融合了跑车元素的跨界组合。这类车型，在外观、驾驶操控性、内饰风格、动力等多个方面，跨界车已经初步具备了跑车的大部分元素，为用户带来了较好的用户体验，但是在模拟跑车引擎声方面却一直存在明显的缺陷。这是由于考虑到目标市场、成本、油耗、排量等各个方面因素，跨界车无法真正像跑车那样采用高缸数的发动机，例如一般家用型轿跑是3缸或4缸的发动机，而顶级跑车会采用12缸的发动机，这就导致了在发动机运行的过程中，引擎声存在明显的差异，显著影响驾驶体验。
目前，对于车内的空间，可以采用车载扬声器模拟高缸数发动机引擎的声音，为车内的人员提供模拟跑车引擎声的驾驶体验。对于车外部的空间及车身周围，一般采用在车外部轮廓上安装扬声器，发出模拟高缸数发动机的引擎声并直接向外部空间辐射，由于扬声器安装在车外部轮廓上，对可靠性、安全性要求要远高于安装在车内的扬声器，因此增加了整体方案的成本、设计的复杂度和实现难度。
因此，有必要提供一种具有车载声浪装置的汽车。
【申请内容】
本申请的目的在于提供一种汽车，以降低模拟跑车引擎声时整体方案的成本、设计复杂度和实现难度。
为实现上述目的，本申请的技术方案一如下：
一种汽车，包括具有收容空间的车门，所述汽车还包括设于所述车门内的车载声浪装置，所述车载声浪装置包括具有腔体的壳体以及收容于所述腔体内并与所述壳体固定的发声单元，所述发声单元包括用于振动发声的振膜，所述发声单元将所述腔体分隔为靠近所述振膜的导声前腔以及远离所述振膜的耦合 后腔，所述壳体上设有与所述导声前腔连通且相互间隔的第一出声孔和第二出声孔，所述第一出声孔将所述导声前腔与车内空间连通，所述第二出声孔将所述导声前腔与车外空间连通。
在所述汽车的一些实施例中，所述发声单元与所述第一出声孔正对且间隔设置。
在所述汽车的一些实施例中，所述车门包括靠近车内空间的第一侧门和靠近车外空间的第二侧门，所述壳体包括一端固定于所述第一侧门、另一端固定于所述第二侧门的第一壳体和第二壳体，所述发声单元固定于所述第一壳体并与所述第一壳体围设形成耦合后腔，所述耦合后腔与所述第一侧门和所述第二侧门均间隔设置。
在所述汽车的一些实施例中，所述第一壳体、所述第二壳体、与所述发声单元共同围设形成所述导声前腔，所述第一出声孔和所述第二出声孔均形成于所述第二壳体，所述第一侧门与所述第二壳体抵接的部分设有贯穿其上的第二通孔，所述第一出声孔与所述第二通孔连通，所述第二侧门与所述第二壳体抵接的部分设有贯穿其上的第三通孔，所述第二出声孔与所述第三通孔连通。
在所述汽车的一些实施例中，所述车载声浪装置还包括具有网孔的第一防尘部和第二防尘部，所述第一防尘部固定于所述第一侧门并覆盖所述第二通孔，所述第二防尘部固定于所述第二壳体并覆盖所述第二出声孔。
在所述汽车的一些实施例中，所述车门包括靠近车内空间的第一侧门和靠近车外空间的第二侧门，所述壳体包括一端固定于所述第一侧门、另一端固定于所述第二侧门的隔板，所述壳体包括所述隔板上设有贯穿其上的第一通孔，所述发声单元固定于所述隔板并覆盖所述第一通孔，所述隔板、所述发声单元与所述第一侧门和所述第二侧门围设形成所述导声前腔，所述第一出声孔设于所述第一侧门，所述第二出声孔设于所述第二侧门。
在所述汽车的一些实施例中，所述隔板、所述发声单元与所述第一侧门和所述第二侧门围设形成所述耦合后腔。
在所述汽车的一些实施例中，所述隔板上设有与所述第二出声孔对应的第四通孔，所述第四通孔与所述第二出声孔连通。
在所述汽车的一些实施例中，所述车载声浪装置还包括具有网孔的第一防尘部和第二防尘部，所述第一防尘部固定于所述第一侧门并覆盖所述第一出声孔，所述第二防尘部固定于所述隔板并覆盖所述第四通孔。
在所述汽车的一些实施例中，所述耦合后腔内收容有吸声材料。
本申请的有益效果在于：
上述汽车，通过第一出声孔将导声前腔与车内空间连通以及通过第二出声孔将导声前腔与车外空间连通，使得发声单元发出模拟跑车引擎声的声音能够经导声前腔、第一出声孔和第二出声孔传播到车内空间和车外空间，实现一个发声单元发出的声音能够同时传播到车内空间和车外空间，避免了在车外部轮廓上安装发声单元造成的成本和设计复杂度的增加，同时降低了实现模拟跑车引擎声的驾驶体验的难度。
图1为本申请的一个实施例中汽车的车门外侧结构示意图；
图2为图1所示车门内侧结构示意图；
图3为图2中A-A向剖视图；
图4为图3中B部放大结构示意图；
图5为图3中C部放大结构示意图；
图6为图1所示车门内部结构示意图；
图7为本申请的另一实施例中车门外侧结构示意图；
图8为图7所示车门内侧结构示意图；
图9为图8中D-D向剖视图；
图10为图9中E部放大结构示意图；
图11为图9中F部放大结构示意图；
图12为图7所示车门内部结构示意图；
图13为本申请的实施例中导声前腔的声学传递函数曲线。
下面结合附图和实施方式对本申请作进一步说明。
请一并结合图1至图12，本申请实施例提供了一种汽车，该汽车包括车载声浪装置。该车载声浪装置包括具有腔体的壳体以及收容于腔体内并与壳体固定的发声单元100，发声单元100包括用于振动发声的振膜，发声单元100将腔体分隔为靠近振膜的导声前腔200以及远离振膜的耦合后腔300。进一步地，壳体上设有与导声前腔200连通且相互间隔的第一出声孔210和第二出声孔220，以将发声单元100发出的声音导出。具体地，第一出声孔210用于将导声前腔200与车内空间连通，发声单元100发出的声音经过导声前腔200由第一出声孔210传播到车内空间，第二出声孔220用于将导声前腔200与车外空间连通，发声单元100发出的声音经过导声前腔200由第二出声孔220传播到车外空间。
进一步地，发声单元100用于发出模拟跑车引擎声的声音。该声音能够经导声前腔200并分别由第一出声孔210和第二出声孔220传播到车内空间和车 外空间。即实现一个发声单元100发出的声音能够同时传播到车内空间和车外空间，避免了在车外部轮廓上安装发声单元100造成的成本和设计复杂度的增加，同时降低了实现模拟跑车引擎声的驾驶体验的难度。可以理解的是，该车载声浪装置的数量可以为一个、两个或两个以上。多个车载声浪装置可通过声音组合的方式以达到最佳声浪效果，即通过各发声单元100发出相同/不同的声音，通过各声音的组合以达到最佳声浪效果。模拟跑车引擎声的声音可通过各发声单元100同时发出，或者由各发声单元100发出的声音组合形成模拟跑车引擎声的声音。
进一步地，耦合后腔300和导声前腔200可通过独立的壳体围设而成，该壳体非车门20本身的结构。可以理解为在其他实施例中，耦合后腔300和导声前腔200也可利用车门20本身的结构围设而成，例如，利用汽车自身具有的腔体，可以是两个紧邻的腔体，该两个腔体分别构成耦合后腔300和导声前腔200，该两个腔体间的结构能够安装发声单元100。另外，还可以将车门20自身具有的腔体通过分隔结构分隔成耦合后腔300和导声前腔200，该分隔结构上能够安装发声单元100。
进一步地，导声前腔200具有一定的频率选择性。该频率选择性通过导声前腔200的传递函数G(s)表示，如下式，
s＝j*2πf
ω
b＝2πf
b
其中，f为频率；f
b为耦合后腔300的共振频率；f
c为导声前腔200的共振频率；C
s为发声单元100的等效声顺；C
b为耦合后腔300的等效声顺，C
c为导声前腔200的等效声顺，h为协调比，α
1与α
2是声顺比，j是虚数单位，Q
b是耦合后腔300的品质因素，以上的单位均是国际单位。通过以上声学设计，可将整个导声前腔200的频率范围控制在需要的声音频率范围内。
进一步的，该声学设计，主要是通过控制导声前腔200体积V
c和耦合后腔 300体积V
b实现的，导声前腔200的传递函数G(s)涉及的参数与导声前腔200体积V
c和耦合后腔300体积V
b的关系由声学原理的电-力-声类比推导可知，结果如下：
其中，f
s是发声单元100的障板测试共振频率；C
s为发声单元100的等效声顺；a是发声单元100的振膜的有效辐射半径；Q
s是发声单元100的品质因数；以上四个参数在选定发声单元100后即可直接测量获得，无需进一步设计；V
c是导声前腔200体积；V
b是耦合后腔300体积；f
b为耦合后腔300的共振频率；f
c为导声前腔200的共振频率；C
b为耦合后腔300的等效声顺，C
c为导声前腔200的等效声顺；ρ
0是空气密度；c是空气中的声速。由此可以看出，通过合理设计导声前腔200和耦合后腔300的体积，即可设计出满足特定需求的传递函数的声学结构。如图13所示，是一个典型的带通式导声前腔200的设计的传递函数曲线图，可以看出，该导声前腔200结构实现了一定带宽的限制，只使得通带频率范围内的声音能够通过该导声前腔200结构传入到车内空间和车外空间。由于不同的厂家、车型的引擎声均不相同，在这里不对导声前腔200的声学特性和尺寸做限定，具体按照实际设计需求来进行设计。
通过以上设计，能够让用户在驾驶低缸数发动机汽车的情况下，也体验到高缸数发动机的引擎声，增加体验感，同时避免了在车外部轮廓上安装发声单元100，进而降低整体方案的设计成本和实现难度。
请一并结合图1至图6，在一个实施例中，汽车包括具有收容空间的车门20和设于车门20内的车载声浪装置。车门20包括靠近车内空间的第一侧门22 和靠近车外空间的第二侧门21。具体地，壳体包括一端固定于第一侧门22、另一端固定于第二侧门21的第一壳体400和第二壳体500。第一壳体400和第二壳体500为区别于车门20的独立结构。具体地，发声单元100固定于第一壳体400并与第一壳体400围设形成耦合后腔300，耦合后腔300与第一侧门22和第二侧门21均间隔设置。第一壳体400、第二壳体500、与发声单元100共同围设形成导声前腔200，第一出声孔210和第二出声孔220均形成于第二壳体500，第一侧门22与第二壳体500抵接的部分设有贯穿其上的第二通孔23，第一出声孔210与第二通孔23连通，第二侧门21与第二壳体500抵接的部分设有贯穿其上的第三通孔24，第二出声孔220与第三通孔24连通。和第二壳体500为区别于车门20的独立结构。
进一步地，第二壳体500包括沿车门20厚度方向相对设置的第一侧壁510、第二侧壁520以及位于第一侧壁510和第二侧壁520之间的两个第三侧壁530。第一侧壁510包括依次连接的第一直板511和第二直板512，第一直板511抵接于第一侧门22，其上形成有第一出声孔210，发声单元100与第一出声孔210正对且间隔设置。发声单元100发出的声音经过导声前腔200和第一出声孔210由第二通孔23传播到车内空间。进一步地，车载声浪装置还包括具有网孔的第一防尘部600，第一防尘部600用于防止灰尘由第一出声孔210进入导声前腔200。进一步地，第一防尘部600为网罩结构，其固定于第一侧门22并覆盖第二通孔23。
进一步地，第二侧壁520包括依次连接的第一弧形板521和第二弧形板522。第二弧形板522抵接于第二侧门21，其上形成有第二出声孔220。发声单元100发出的声音经过导声前腔200和第二出声孔220由第三通孔24传播到车外空间，在外部车身周围形成声浪。进一步地，车载声浪装置还包括具有网孔的第二防尘部700，第二防尘部700用于防止灰尘由第二出声孔220进入导声前腔200。进一步地，第二防尘部700为网罩结构，其固定于第二侧门21并覆盖第三通孔24。进一步地，第二直板512远离第一直板511的一端与第二弧形板522远离第一弧形板521的一端连为一体，第一出声孔210与第二出声孔220沿汽车高度方向设置且第一出声孔210位于第二出声孔220的下方。
另外，可以通过做一些装饰特征，例如栅格式的花纹等，一方面使得整个车体，尤其是第三通孔24处的第二侧门21部分造型更具运动型，更符合跑车风格，另一方面，防止在车门20上形成突兀的开孔，对第三通孔24进行一定的遮蔽和美化。具体地，车门20上设置有栅格25以形成第三通孔24，即在栅格25之间的空隙形成第三通孔24，以对第三通孔24进行一定的遮蔽和美化。
请一并结合图7至图12，在另一个实施例中，汽车包括具有收容空间的车门20以及设于车门20内的车载声浪装置。车门20包括靠近车内空间的第一侧门22和靠近车外空间的第二侧门21。壳体包括一端固定于第一侧门22、另一端固定于第二侧门21的隔板30，壳体包括隔板30上设有贯穿其上的第一通孔301，发声单元100固定于隔板30并覆盖第一通孔301，隔板30、发声单元100与第一侧门22和第二侧门21围设形成导声前腔200，第一出声孔210设于第一侧门22，第二出声孔220设于第二侧门21。隔板30、发声单元100与第一侧门22和第二侧门21围设形成耦合后腔300。
隔板30包括依次连接的直板302、第一弧形板303和第二弧形板304。直板302、第一弧形板303和第二弧形板304均沿平行于汽车轴线方向延伸且两端分别与车门20沿平行于汽车轴线方向相对的两个内壁连接。直板302、第一弧形板303和车门20围设形成耦合后腔300。直板302、第一弧形板303、第二弧形板304和车门20围设形成导声前腔200。第一通孔301形成于第一弧形板303上。发声单元100穿设于第一通孔301。第一出声孔210形成于第一侧门22，发声单元100与第一出声孔210正对且间隔设置。发声单元100发出的声音经过导声前腔200和第一出声孔210传播到车内空间。进一步地，车载声浪装置还包括具有网孔的第一防尘部700，第一防尘部700用于防止灰尘由第一出声孔210进入导声前腔200。进一步地，第一防尘部700为网罩结构，其固定于第一侧门22并覆盖第一出声孔210。
进一步地，第二弧形板304抵接于第二侧门21，其上设有与第二出声孔220对应的第四通孔3041，第四通孔3041与第二出声孔220连通。发声单元100发出的声音经过导声前腔200和第四通孔3041由第二出声孔220传播到车外空间，在外部车身周围形成声浪。进一步地，车载声浪装置还包括具有网孔的第二防尘部800，第二防尘部800用于防止灰尘由第四通孔3041进入导声前腔200。进一步地，第二防尘部800为网罩结构，其固定于隔板30并覆盖第四通孔3041。进一步地，第一出声孔210与第二出声孔220沿汽车高度方向设置且第一出声孔210位于第二出声孔220的下方。
另外，可以通过做一些装饰特征，例如栅格式的花纹等，一方面使得整个车体，尤其是第二出声孔220处的第二侧门21部分造型更具运动型，更符合跑车风格，另一方面，防止在车门20上形成突兀的开孔，对第二出声孔220进行一定的遮蔽和美化。具体地，车门20上设置有栅格25以形成第二出声孔220，即在栅格25之间的空隙形成第二出声孔220，以对第二出声孔220进行一定的遮蔽和美化。
本实施例中，由于发声单元100的振动会直接传导到车门20上，引起不必要的壳振，因此需要在耦合后腔300中增加部分吸声材料900，该吸声材料900设置于车门20上。
以上所述的仅是本申请的实施方式，在此应当指出，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本申请创造构思的前提下，还可以做出改进，但这些均属于本申请的保护范围。
Claims (10)
- 一种汽车，包括具有收容空间的车门，其特征在于：所述汽车还包括设于所述车门内的车载声浪装置，所述车载声浪装置包括具有腔体的壳体以及收容于所述腔体内并与所述壳体固定的发声单元，所述发声单元包括用于振动发声的振膜，所述发声单元将所述腔体分隔为靠近所述振膜的导声前腔以及远离所述振膜的耦合后腔，所述壳体上设有与所述导声前腔连通且相互间隔的第一出声孔和第二出声孔，所述第一出声孔将所述导声前腔与车内空间连通，所述第二出声孔将所述导声前腔与车外空间连通。
- 根据权利要求1所述的汽车，其特征在于：所述发声单元与所述第一出声孔正对且间隔设置。
- 根据权利要求1或2所述的汽车，其特征在于：所述车门包括靠近车内空间的第一侧门和靠近车外空间的第二侧门，所述壳体包括一端固定于所述第一侧门、另一端固定于所述第二侧门的第一壳体和第二壳体，所述发声单元固定于所述第一壳体并与所述第一壳体围设形成耦合后腔，所述耦合后腔与所述第一侧门和所述第二侧门均间隔设置。
- 根据权利要求3所述的汽车，其特征在于：所述第一壳体、所述第二壳体、与所述发声单元共同围设形成所述导声前腔，所述第一出声孔和所述第二出声孔均形成于所述第二壳体，所述第一侧门与所述第二壳体抵接的部分设有贯穿其上的第二通孔，所述第一出声孔与所述第二通孔连通，所述第二侧门与所述第二壳体抵接的部分设有贯穿其上的第三通孔，所述第二出声孔与所述第三通孔连通。
- 根据权利要求4所述的汽车，其特征在于：所述车载声浪装置还包括具有网孔的第一防尘部和第二防尘部，所述第一防尘部固定于所述第一侧门并覆盖所述第二通孔，所述第二防尘部固定于所述第二壳体并覆盖所述第二出声孔。
- 根据权利要求1或2所述的汽车，其特征在于：所述车门包括靠近车内空间的第一侧门和靠近车外空间的第二侧门，所述壳体包括一端固定于所述第一侧门、另一端固定于所述第二侧门的隔板，所述壳体包括所述隔板上设有贯穿其上的第一通孔，所述发声单元固定于所述隔板并覆盖所述第一通孔，所述隔板、所述发声单元与所述第一侧门和所述第二侧门围设形成所述导声前腔，所述第一出声孔设于所述第一侧门，所述第二出声孔设于所述第二侧门。
- 根据权利要求6所述的汽车，其特征在于，所述隔板、所述发声单元与所述第一侧门和所述第二侧门围设形成所述耦合后腔。
- 根据权利要求6所述的汽车，其特征在于，所述隔板上设有与所述第二出声孔对应的第四通孔，所述第四通孔与所述第二出声孔连通。
- 根据权利要求8所述的汽车，其特征在于：所述车载声浪装置还包括具有网孔的第一防尘部和第二防尘部，所述第一防尘部固定于所述第一侧门并覆盖所述第一出声孔，所述第二防尘部固定于所述隔板并覆盖所述第四通孔。
- 根据权利要求1所述的汽车，其特征在于：所述耦合后腔内收容有吸声材料。
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