WO2021227512A1 - 一种天然活性多肽Tubulysin U的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种天然活性多肽Tubulysin U的制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2021227512A1
WO2021227512A1 PCT/CN2020/139779 CN2020139779W WO2021227512A1 WO 2021227512 A1 WO2021227512 A1 WO 2021227512A1 CN 2020139779 W CN2020139779 W CN 2020139779W WO 2021227512 A1 WO2021227512 A1 WO 2021227512A1
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compound
reaction
water
add
room temperature
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吴正治
龙伯华
李映红
刘洁人
李利民
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深圳市老年医学研究所
吴正治
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Publication of WO2021227512A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021227512A1/zh
Priority to US17/984,642 priority Critical patent/US11702444B2/en

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07KPEPTIDES
    • C07K1/00General methods for the preparation of peptides, i.e. processes for the organic chemical preparation of peptides or proteins of any length
    • C07K1/02General methods for the preparation of peptides, i.e. processes for the organic chemical preparation of peptides or proteins of any length in solution
    • C07K1/026General methods for the preparation of peptides, i.e. processes for the organic chemical preparation of peptides or proteins of any length in solution by fragment condensation in solution
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07KPEPTIDES
    • C07K5/00Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K5/04Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof containing only normal peptide links
    • C07K5/06Dipeptides
    • C07K5/06139Dipeptides with the first amino acid being heterocyclic
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07KPEPTIDES
    • C07K5/00Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K5/04Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof containing only normal peptide links
    • C07K5/08Tripeptides
    • C07K5/0821Tripeptides with the first amino acid being heterocyclic, e.g. His, Pro, Trp
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07KPEPTIDES
    • C07K1/00General methods for the preparation of peptides, i.e. processes for the organic chemical preparation of peptides or proteins of any length
    • C07K1/14Extraction; Separation; Purification
    • C07K1/16Extraction; Separation; Purification by chromatography
    • C07K1/22Affinity chromatography or related techniques based upon selective absorption processes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07KPEPTIDES
    • C07K5/00Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K5/02Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof containing at least one abnormal peptide link
    • C07K5/021Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof containing at least one abnormal peptide link containing the structure -NH-(X)n-C(=0)-, n being 5 or 6; for n > 6, classification in C07K5/06 - C07K5/10, according to the moiety having normal peptide bonds

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of drug synthesis, and specifically relates to a method for preparing the natural active polypeptide Tubulysin U.
  • Tubulysin A-Z is a family of compounds (see Table 1), they are all natural products, which can be represented by the following chemical structural formula:
  • Tubulysin U shows extremely effective cytotoxic activity in mammalian cells, including multidrug resistant cell lines, with IC50 values in the low nanomolar range (see Table 2).
  • Tubulysin U is a cytotoxic activity of tubulin, which inhibits tubulin polymerization and causes cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.
  • Tubulysin U also has the advantages of inhibiting angiogenesis and resisting multi-drug resistance. In terms of water solubility, Tubulysin U has obvious advantages over other anti-cancer drugs. It shows super anti-cancer activity against specific cancer cells, making it one of the most loved target molecules in the development of new anti-cancer drugs.
  • Tubulysin U Judging from the short development history of Tubulysin U in a few years, Tubulysin U is attracting more and more people's attention for its unique biological activity, and it may become a star molecule in anti-tumor drugs in the next few years.
  • its synthesis is not ideal. So far, there are dozens of documents reported on the chemical synthesis of Tubulysin U and its analogs, and most of the synthesis routes are not perfect, and there is a lot of room for further exploration. How to find a simple and fast route that can be synthesized in a large amount is of great significance to the further biological research of Tubulysin U and its application in clinical practice as soon as possible.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a new type of preparation method of natural active polypeptide Tubulysin U.
  • the synthesis route of the preparation method meets the green chemistry standard, and uses renewable and recyclable resources as much as possible.
  • the reagents used are less toxic, and the reaction is processed Pollution to the environment is small.
  • the preparation method has high overall yield, good stereoselectivity, convenient experimental operation, mild reaction conditions, simple separation and purification, and can be used for large-scale preparation.
  • a method for preparing natural active polypeptide Tubulysin U adopts the following route:
  • Step 1 Dissolve compound 2 in trifluoroacetic acid and heat to reflux to prepare an intermediate
  • Step 2 Dissolve the obtained compound 4 in dry dichloromethane, add 2,6-lutidine and tert-butyldimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate under cooling in an ice-water bath, and react at room temperature to prepare the compound 5;
  • Step 3 Dissolve compound 5 in a mixed solvent of tetrahydrofuran/water, add solid sodium hydroxide under cooling in an ice-water bath, and react at room temperature to prepare an intermediate acid;
  • Step 4 Dissolve the obtained compound 7 in a tetrahydrofuran/water mixed solvent, add triphenylphosphine, and react under reflux with heating to prepare an intermediate amine;
  • Step 5 Dissolve compound 9 in methanol, add solid ammonium fluoride, and react under reflux with heating overnight. After post-treatment, the first intermediate is obtained;
  • the fourth intermediate is dissolved in a mixed solvent of acetonitrile and methanol, added with an aqueous formaldehyde solution, reacted for a certain period of time at room temperature, and then added with sodium cyanoborohydride to continue the reaction, and the target end product is obtained after post-treatment.
  • the compound 6 is synthesized using the following route:
  • the step 1 includes:
  • Step 11 Dissolve compound 2 in trifluoroacetic acid, heat to reflux, and concentrate under reduced pressure to obtain an intermediate;
  • Step 12 The intermediate was dissolved in anhydrous dichloromethane, compound 3 was added, and after stirring, diisopropylethylamine was added dropwise, and the reaction was stirred at room temperature. After the reaction was completed, the reaction was quenched. The methane was extracted and the organic phases were combined. The organic phases were washed with water and saturated brine in sequence, and the organic phases were collected, dried, concentrated and separated by column chromatography to obtain compound 4.
  • the heating and reflux time is 2 to 4 hours, more preferably 3 hours.
  • the molar ratio of compound 2: compound 3: HATU: diisopropylethylamine 1:1.1-1.4:2-3:4-5, more preferably 1:1.1:2: 4
  • the step 2 includes:
  • the molar ratio of compound 4:2,6-lutidine:tert-butyldimethylsilyl triflate 1:3-4:1.2-2, more preferably 1:3:1.5 .
  • the step 3 includes:
  • the oily compound 7 was obtained by analysis.
  • the volume ratio of tetrahydrofuran:water in the tetrahydrofuran/water mixed solvent is 1:1.
  • the molar ratio of compound 5: compound 6: HATU: diisopropylethylamine 1:1.1-1.5:2-3:4-5, more preferably 1:1.1:2.5:5.
  • the step 4 includes:
  • the intermediate amine was dissolved in anhydrous dichloromethane, compound 8 and HATU were added, after stirring, diisopropylethylamine was added dropwise, and the reaction was stirred at room temperature. After the reaction was completed, water was added to quench the reaction. Extract with methane, combine the organic phases, wash with water and saturated brine, and separate the layers. The obtained organic phase is dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, concentrated under reduced pressure, and then separated by column chromatography using petroleum ether and ethyl acetate as eluents , Compound 9 is obtained in the form of oil.
  • the molar ratio of compound 7: compound 8: HATU: diisopropylethylamine 1:1.1-1.5:2-3:4-6, more preferably 1:1.3:3:6.
  • the volume ratio of tetrahydrofuran:water in the tetrahydrofuran/water mixed solvent 20:1.
  • triphenylphosphine is added, and the reaction is heated to reflux for 1.5-2.5 h, more preferably 2 h.
  • the step 5 includes:
  • Dissolve compound 9 in methanol add solid ammonium fluoride, heat and reflux for overnight reaction, concentrate under reduced pressure, dilute with water, extract with ethyl acetate, combine the organic phases and wash with saturated brine, separate the layers, and add anhydrous to the obtained organic phase Dry over sodium sulfate and concentrate under reduced pressure to obtain the first intermediate;
  • the first intermediate was dissolved in a tetrahydrofuran/water mixed solvent with a tetrahydrofuran:water volume ratio of 1:1, sodium hydroxide solid was added, and then heated to reflux for reaction, cooled in an ice water bath, adjusted the pH of the reaction solution to 2, and then used acetic acid Ethyl extraction, the organic phases were combined, washed with water and saturated brine, and separated. The obtained organic phase was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain the second intermediate;
  • the molar ratio of compound 9: ammonium fluoride 1:50.
  • the concentration of the aqueous formaldehyde solution is 37 wt%.
  • the compound 2 is prepared by the following method:
  • Step 1 Dissolve the starting material L-valinol 2-1 in a tetrahydrofuran/water mixed solvent, add solid sodium bicarbonate and benzyl chloroformate, and react overnight at room temperature to obtain compound 2-2;
  • Step 2 Dissolve compound 2-2 obtained in step 1 in acetonitrile, add 2-iodoyl benzoic acid, and react with heating under reflux to obtain intermediate aldehyde 2-3;
  • Step 3 Dissolving the compound 2-5 in a mixed solvent of tetrahydrofuran/water, adding solid sodium hydroxide, and heating and refluxing to react to obtain compound 2-6;
  • Step 4 Dissolve the compound 2-8 in tetrahydrofuran, add concentrated hydrochloric acid, and react at room temperature to obtain compound 2-9;
  • Step 5 Under the protection of inert gas, dissolve the compound 2-9 in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran, add (S)-Me-CBS and borane dimethyl sulfide complex under ice-water bath cooling, and warm to room temperature After reaction, compound 2 is obtained.
  • the molar ratio of L-valinol 2-1: sodium bicarbonate: benzyl chloroformate is 1:3-5:1-1.02, preferably 1:3:1.
  • the reaction time of the step 1 is 10-15h, more preferably 12h.
  • it is concentrated under reduced pressure, extracted with ethyl acetate, the organic phases are combined and washed with saturated brine, and the organic phases are separated and collected. Anhydrous sodium sulfate was added to the organic phase to dry, filtered, concentrated and drained to obtain compound 2-2.
  • the molar ratio of compound 2-2:2-iodoylbenzoic acid: Wittig reagent 2-4 is 1:2-3:1.2-1.5, preferably 1:2:1.5.
  • the present invention provides a novel route to optimize the total synthesis process of the natural active polypeptide Tubulysin U.
  • the synthetic route of the present invention meets the green chemical standards, uses renewable and recyclable resources as reaction raw materials, the reagents used are less toxic, and the reaction has little environmental pollution after the reaction is processed.
  • the preparation method of the present invention has high overall yield, good stereoselectivity, convenient experimental operation, mild reaction conditions, simple separation and purification, and can be used for large-scale preparations.
  • HATU in the present invention 2-(7-azabenzotriazole)-N,N,N',N'-tetramethylurea hexafluorophosphate; DIPEA: diisopropylethylamine; DCM: two Methyl chloride; TBSOTf: tert-butyl dimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate.
  • DIPEA diisopropylethylamine
  • DCM two Methyl chloride
  • TBSOTf tert-butyl dimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate.
  • the English abbreviations of other chemical reagents used are all conventional meanings in the art for understanding.
  • this embodiment provides a method for preparing the natural active polypeptide Tubulysin U, and the route of the preparation method is as follows:
  • the synthesized compound 4 was tested by 1 HNMR, 13 CNMR, and HRMS.
  • the product is a pure compound. Its performance indicators or characterization data are as follows:
  • Compound 2 used in the above process can be specifically obtained according to the preparation method described in Chinese patent application 202010336478.7.
  • the synthesized compound 5 was tested by 1 HNMR, 13 CNMR, and HRMS.
  • the product is a pure compound. Its performance indicators or characterization data are as follows:
  • the synthesized compound 7 was tested by 1 HNMR, 13 CNMR, and HRMS, and its product was a pure compound. Its performance indicators or characterization data are as follows:
  • the synthesized compound 9 was tested by 1 HNMR, 13 CNMR, and HRMS, and its product is a pure compound. Its performance indicators or characterization data are as follows:
  • the synthesized compound 1 was tested by 1 HNMR, 13 CNMR, and HRMS, and its product is a pure compound. Its performance indicators or characterization data are as follows:
  • the compound 6 used in the above preparation process is obtained by the following preparation steps:
  • Dissolve compound 13 (4.86g, 17.9mmol) in methanol (150mL), cool to 0°C in an ice-water bath, add nickel chloride hexahydrate (0.86g, 3.6mmol), stir well, and slowly add sodium borohydride (2.04 g, 53.7 mmol), after the addition, continue to react at 0°C for 30 min, add saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution (300 mL) to quench the reaction, extract three times with dichloromethane (200 mL), and wash the combined organic phases with water (200 mL) and saturated brine (200 mL) was washed, separated, the organic phase was dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain the first intermediate.
  • Compound 14 and diastereoisomer 14' have a certain difference in polarity, and the difference in Rf value is 0.15, which can be quickly separated and purified by silica gel column chromatography.
  • the synthesis method has short steps, simple separation and purification, high total yield, and can be scaled up and prepared.
  • the synthesized compound 14 has been detected by 1 HNMR, 13 CNMR, and HRMS.
  • the product is a pure compound. Its performance indicators or characterization data are as follows:
  • the preparation method of the novel natural active polypeptide Tubulysin U of the present invention meets the green chemistry standards, uses renewable and recyclable resources as much as possible, the reagents used are less toxic, and have little environmental pollution after the reaction is processed.
  • the preparation method has high overall yield, good stereoselectivity, convenient experimental operation, mild reaction conditions, simple separation and purification, and can be used for large-scale preparation.

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Abstract

提供一种新型的天然活性多肽Tubulysin U的制备方法,该制备方法的合成路线符合绿色化学标准,尽量利用可再生和可回收性资源,所用试剂毒性较小、反应经处理后对环境污染很小。尤其,该制备方法的总产率较高、立体选择性好、实验操作方便、反应条件温和、分离纯化简单、可用于大量制备。

Description

一种天然活性多肽Tubulysin U的制备方法 技术领域
本发明属于药物合成的技术领域,具体地说,涉及一种天然活性多肽Tubulysin U的制备方法。
背景技术
四肽化合物Tubulysins是2000年由Hofle等从粘细菌中提取出来的,但其晶体结构直到2004年才被确定下来。Tubulysin A-Z是一个家族化合物(见表1),它们都属于天然产物,其可以用如下的化学结构式表示:
Figure PCTCN2020139779-appb-000001
表1 Tubulysins家族化合物的结构式
Figure PCTCN2020139779-appb-000002
研究发现Tubulysin U在哺乳动物细胞中显示出极其有效的细胞毒活性,包括多药耐药细胞系,IC50值在较低的纳摩尔范围内(见表2)。Tubulysin U是一种具有细胞毒性活性微管溶素,抑制微管蛋白聚合并导致细胞周期停滞和凋亡。此外,研究表明Tubulysin U同时还具有抑制血管新生和抗多重耐药性的优点。在水溶性方面Tubulysin U相比其它抗癌药物有着明显的优势,其对特定的癌细胞表现出超强的抗癌活性,使其成为新型抗癌新药研发中颇受关爱的目标分子之一。
表2 Tubulysin U对人癌细胞的体外抗增殖活性
Figure PCTCN2020139779-appb-000003
从Tubulysin U几年很短的发展历程看,Tubulysin U以其独有的生物活性正在受到越来越多人的关注,在未来的几年可能会成为抗肿瘤药物中的明星分子。但现有技术中,其合成并不理想,至今Tubulysin U及其类似物化学合成上报道的文献有几十篇,而合成路线大部分不是很完美,存在很大的进一步探索的空间。如何找到一条简洁快速、可以大量合成的路线对Tubulysin U的进一步生物研究及尽快应用于临床具有很大意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种新型的天然活性多肽Tubulysin U的制备方法,该制备方法的合成路线符合绿色化学标准,尽量利用可再生和可回收性资源,所用试剂毒性较小、反应经处理后对环境污染很小。尤其,该制备方法的总产率较高、立体选择性好、实验操作方便、反应条件温和、分离纯化简单、可用于大量制备。
为实现上述效果,本发明采用的技术方案的基本构思如下:
一种天然活性多肽Tubulysin U的制备方法,所述制备方法采用如下所示的路线:
Figure PCTCN2020139779-appb-000004
其中,上述路线中使用的化合物3、化合物6和化合物8的结构如下:
Figure PCTCN2020139779-appb-000005
包括如下步骤:
步骤1,将化合物2溶于三氟乙酸,加热回流,制备中间体;
将所述中间体溶于无水二氯甲烷中,加入化合物3和二异丙乙基胺,在室温下反应,制备化合物4;
步骤2,将得到的化合物4溶于干燥的二氯甲烷,冰水浴冷却下加入2,6-二甲基吡啶和叔丁基二甲硅基三氟甲磺酸酯,室温下反应, 制备化合物5;
步骤3,将化合物5溶于四氢呋喃/水混合溶剂,冰水浴冷却下加入氢氧化钠固体,室温下反应,制备中间体酸;
将得到的所述中间体酸溶于无水二氯甲烷,加入化合物6,HATU,搅拌均匀后滴加二异丙乙基胺,于室温下反应,制备化合物7;
步骤4,将得到的化合物7溶于四氢呋喃/水混合溶剂,加入三苯基膦,加热回流反应,制备中间体胺;
将所述的中间体胺溶于无水二氯甲烷,加入化合物8和HATU,搅拌均匀后滴加二异丙乙基胺,于室温下反应,制备化合物9;
步骤5,将化合物9溶于甲醇,加入氟化铵固体,加热回流反应过夜,经后处理得到第一中间体;
将所述第一中间体溶于四氢呋喃/水混合溶剂,加入氢氧化钠固体,然后加热回流反应,经后处理得到第二中间体;
将所述的第二中间体溶于吡啶,然后加入醋酸酐,于室温下反应,经后处理得到第三中间体;
将所述的第三中间体溶于二氯甲烷,再加入三氟乙酸,于室温下反应,经后处理得到第四中间体;
将所述的第四中间体溶于乙腈和甲醇的混合溶剂,加入甲醛水溶液,于室温下反应一定时间,再加入氰基硼氢化钠继续反应,经后处理得到目标终产物。
作为一种实施方式,所述的天然活性多肽Tubulysin U的制备方法中,所述化合物6采用如下所示的路线合成得到:
Figure PCTCN2020139779-appb-000006
其中,上述路线中使用的化合物12的结构如下:
Figure PCTCN2020139779-appb-000007
作为一种实施方式,所述步骤1包括:
步骤11,将化合物2溶于三氟乙酸,加热回流,减压浓缩,得到中间体;
步骤12,将所述中间体溶于无水二氯甲烷中,加入化合物3,搅拌均匀后,滴加二异丙乙基胺,在室温下搅拌反应,反应完毕后,淬灭反应,二氯甲烷萃取并合并有机相,将有机相依次用水、饱和食盐水洗涤,收集有机相进行干燥,浓缩并柱层析分离得到化合物4。
优选地,所述步骤1中,加热回流时间为2~4h,更优选为3h。
优选地,所述步骤1中,化合物2:化合物3:HATU:二异丙乙基胺的摩尔比=1:1.1-1.4:2-3:4-5,更优选为1:1.1:2:4
优选地,所述步骤12中,浓缩后的有机相用石油醚:乙酸乙酯的体积比=4:1的洗脱液进行柱层析分离。
作为一种实施方式,所述步骤2包括:
将得到的化合物4溶于干燥的二氯甲烷,冰水浴冷却下加入2,6-二甲基吡啶和叔丁基二甲硅基三氟甲磺酸酯,升到室温反应,反应完毕后加水淬灭反应,二氯甲烷萃取合并有机相,依次用稀盐酸、饱和食盐水洗涤,分液收集有机相并用无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩后层析分离得到化合物5。
优选地,化合物4:2,6-二甲基吡啶:叔丁基二甲硅基三氟甲磺酸酯的摩尔比=1:3-4:1.2-2,更优选为1:3:1.5。
优选地,所述步骤2中,浓缩后的有机相用石油醚:乙酸乙酯的体积比=8:1的洗脱液进行柱层析分离。
作为一种实施方式,所述步骤3包括:
将化合物5溶于四氢呋喃/水混合溶剂,冰水浴冷却下加入氢氧化钠固体,升到室温搅拌反应,然后冰水浴冷却,调节反应液的pH=2,用乙酸乙酯萃取,合并有机相并用水、饱和食盐水洗涤,分液,将得到的有机相加无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩,得到中间体酸;
将得到的所述中间体酸溶于无水二氯甲烷,加入化合物6,HATU,搅拌均匀后滴加二异丙乙基胺,于室温下搅拌反应,反应完成后加水淬灭反应,用二氯甲烷萃取,合并有机相并用水、饱和食盐水洗涤, 分液,有机相加无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩,然后用石油醚:乙酸乙酯=6:1的洗脱液进行柱层析分离得到油状的化合物7。
优选地,四氢呋喃/水混合溶剂中四氢呋喃:水的体积比=1:1。
优选地,化合物5:化合物6:HATU:二异丙乙基胺的摩尔比=1:1.1-1.5:2-3:4-5,更优选为1:1.1:2.5:5。
为一种实施方式,所述步骤4包括:
将得到的化合物7溶于四氢呋喃/水混合溶剂,加入三苯基膦,加热回流反应,减压浓缩,再用甲苯洗涤除水,真空干燥得到中间体胺;
将所述的中间体胺溶于无水二氯甲烷,加入化合物8和HATU,搅拌均匀后滴加二异丙乙基胺,于室温下搅拌反应,反应完成后加水淬灭反应,用二氯甲烷萃取,合并有机相并依次用水、饱和食盐水洗涤,分液,得到的有机相加无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩,然后用石油醚和乙酸乙酯为洗脱液进行柱层析分离,得到油状的化合物9。
优选地,化合物7:化合物8:HATU:二异丙乙基胺的摩尔比==1:1.1-1.5:2-3:4-6,更优选为1:1.3:3:6。
优选地,所述步骤4中,四氢呋喃/水混合溶剂中四氢呋喃:水的体积比=20:1。
优选地,所述步骤4中,加入三苯基膦,加热回流反应1.5~2.5h,更优选为2h。
作为一种实施方式,所述步骤5包括:
将化合物9溶于甲醇,加入氟化铵固体,加热回流反应过夜,减 压浓缩,加水稀释,用乙酸乙酯萃取,合并有机相并用饱和食盐水洗涤,分液,得到的有机相加无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩,得到第一中间体;
将所述第一中间体溶于四氢呋喃:水体积比为1:1的四氢呋喃/水混合溶剂,加入氢氧化钠固体,然后加热回流反应,冰水浴冷却,调节反应液pH=2,然后用乙酸乙酯萃取,合并有机相并用水、饱和食盐水洗涤,分液,得到的有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩,得到第二中间体;
将所述的第二中间体溶于吡啶,然后加入醋酸酐,于室温下搅拌反应,反应完毕后加水淬灭,冰水浴冷却,将反应液调节至pH=2,用乙酸乙酯萃取,合并有机相并用水、饱和食盐水洗涤,分液,得到的有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩,得到第三中间体;
将所述的第三中间体溶于二氯甲烷,再加入三氟乙酸,于室温下搅拌反应完毕后,减压浓缩,真空干燥得到第四中间体;
将所述的第四中间体溶于体积比1:1的乙腈和甲醇混合溶剂,加入甲醛水溶液,于室温下搅拌反应,再加入氰基硼氢化钠继续反应,调节反应液pH=5,然后于室温下搅拌反应过夜,减压浓缩,先用硅胶柱层析分离纯化,再用异丙醚打浆纯化,得到目标化合物1。
优选地,化合物9:氟化铵的摩尔比=1:50。
优选地,第一中间体:氢氧化钠=1:10。
优选地,第二中间体:醋酸酐=1:50。
优选地,所述步骤5中,硅胶柱层析分离纯化采用甲醇:二氯甲 烷体积比=1:10的流动相。
优选地,所述甲醛水溶液的浓度为37wt%。
作为一种实施方式,所述化合物2采用如下方法制备:
Figure PCTCN2020139779-appb-000008
包括如下步骤:
步骤1,将起始原料L-缬氨醇2-1溶于四氢呋喃/水混合溶剂,加入碳酸氢钠固体和氯甲酸苄酯,于室温下反应过夜,得到化合物2-2;
步骤2,将步骤1得到的化合物2-2溶于乙腈中,加入2-碘酰基苯甲酸,加热回流反应,得到中间体醛2-3;
将所述中间体醛2-3溶于二氯甲烷中,加入Wittig试剂2-4和四甲基胍,加热回流反应,得到化合物2-5;
步骤3,将所述化合物2-5溶于四氢呋喃/水混合溶剂,加入氢氧化钠固体,加热回流反应,得到化合物2-6;
以化合物2-6为反应底物,加入偶联试剂和三苯基膦,与化合物2-7反应,制备得到噻唑啉中间产物,再加入氧化试剂,一锅法合成化合物2-8;
步骤4,将所述化合物2-8溶于四氢呋喃,加入浓盐酸,于室温下反应,得到化合物2-9;
步骤5,在惰性气体保护下,将所述化合物2-9溶于无水四氢呋喃中,在冰水浴冷却下加入(S)-Me-CBS和硼烷二甲硫醚络合物,升到室温反应,即得到化合物2。
作为一种实施方式,所述化合物2的制备方法中:
所述步骤1中,L-缬氨醇2-1:碳酸氢钠:氯甲酸苄酯的摩尔比为1:3-5:1-1.02,优选为1:3:1。
优选地,所述步骤1的反应时间为10-15h,更优选为12h,反应完后减压浓缩,用乙酸乙酯萃取,合并有机相后用饱和食盐水洗涤,分液收集有机相,然后向有机相中加入无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤浓缩抽干,得到化合物2-2。
作为一种实施方式,所述化合物2的制备方法中:
所述步骤2中,化合物2-2:2-碘酰基苯甲酸:Wittig试剂2-4的摩尔比为1:2-3:1.2-1.5,优选为1:2:1.5。
本发明提供的技术方案具有如下有益效果:
1.本发明提供一种新颖性的路线来优化天然活性多肽Tubulysin U的全合成过程。
2.本发明的合成路线符合绿色化学标准,利用可再生可回收的资源作为反应原料,所用试剂毒性较小、反应经处理后对环境污染很小。
3.本发明的制备方法的总产率较高、立体选择性好、实验操作方便、反应条件温和、分离纯化简单、可用于大量制备等。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面对本发明实施例的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。显然,所描述的实施例是本发明的一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于所描述的本发明的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在无需创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明中HATU:2-(7-氮杂苯并三氮唑)-N,N,N',N'-四甲基脲六氟磷酸酯;DIPEA:二异丙乙基胺;DCM:二氯甲烷;TBSOTf:叔丁基二甲硅基三氟甲磺酸酯。其他使用的化学试剂的英文缩写均为本领域常规的含义进行理解。
实施例1
根据本发明的基本思想,该实施例提供一种天然活性多肽Tubulysin U的制备方法,该制备方法的路线如下所示:
Figure PCTCN2020139779-appb-000009
其中,上述路线中使用的化合物3、化合物6和化合物8的结构如下:
Figure PCTCN2020139779-appb-000010
上述路线中的所述化合物6采用如下所示的路线合成得到:
Figure PCTCN2020139779-appb-000011
其中,上述路线中使用的化合物12的结构如下:
Figure PCTCN2020139779-appb-000012
结合上述的制备路线,下面具体阐述Tubulysin U-化合物1的制备方法,该制备方法包括:
(1)化合物4的合成
将化合物2(2.0g,5.1mmol)溶于三氟乙酸(50mL)中,加热回流反应3h,减压浓缩,真空干燥后得到中间体。
将上述中间体溶于无水二氯甲烷(100mL),加入化合物3(0.86g,5.5mmol),HATU(3.8g,10mmol),搅拌均匀后滴加二异丙乙基胺(DIPEA)(3.3mL,20mmol),于室温下搅拌反应过夜,加水(200mL) 淬灭反应,二氯甲烷(DCM)(200mL)萃取三次,合并有机相并用水(200mL)洗,饱和食盐水(200mL)洗涤,分液,有机相加无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩,得到粗品,用石油醚:乙酸乙酯=4:1为洗脱液快速柱层析分离得到化合物4,化合物4为油状物1.66g,两步总产率82%。
合成的化合物4,经 1HNMR, 13CNMR,HRMS检测,其产品为纯的化合物,其各性能指标或表征数据如下:
[α]D 25+5.8(c0.85,CHCl 3); 1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl 3)δ8.14(s,1H),6.58(d,J=9.2Hz,1H),4.88(dd,J=11.2,2.4Hz,1H),4.01(m,2H),3.93(s,3H),2.23–2.12(m,2H),1.90–1.76(m,2H),1.47–1.39(m,1H),1.35–1.27(m,1H),1.08(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),0.99–0.91(m,9H); 13CNMR(101MHz,CDCl 3)δ176.38,170.75,161.96,146.45,127.64,69.62,68.74,52.35,51.58,41.13,38.49,31.87,24.21,19.61,18.26,15.96,11.60;HR-ESIMS m/z:理论计算值C 17H 27N 5O 4SNa +[M+Na] +:420.1784,检测值:420.1789.
上述过程中使用的化合物2具体可以按照中国专利申请202010336478.7中记载的制备方法获得。化合物3的制备方法参考文献:OrganicLetters,2001,3(5):781-783。
(2)化合物5的合成
将化合物4(1.66g,4.18mmol)溶于干燥的二氯甲烷中(100mL),在冰水浴冷却条件下加入2,6-二甲基吡啶(1.5mL,12.88mmol)和叔丁基二甲硅基三氟甲磺酸酯(TBSOTf)(1.45mL,6.27mmol),30min后升到室温搅拌反应4h,加水(200mL)淬灭反应,并用二氯甲烷(200mL)萃取三次,合并有机相,依次用1M稀盐酸(200mL)洗涤,饱和食盐 水(200mL)洗涤,分液,有机相加无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩,得到粗品,用石油醚:乙酸乙酯=8:1为洗脱液快速柱层析分离得到化合物5,化合物5为油状物1.93g,产率90%。
合成的化合物5,经 1HNMR, 13CNMR,HRMS检测,其产品为纯的化合物,其各性能指标或表征数据如下:
[α]D 25+10.4(c1.2,CHCl3); 1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl 3)δ8.12(s,1H),6.65(d,J=8.6Hz,1H),5.09(dd,J=6.6,5.2Hz,1H),4.02(d,J=13.2Hz,1H),3.94(s,3H),3.85(d,J=4.4Hz,1H),2.11(dd,J=9.3,6.8Hz,1H),1.95–1.87(m,3H),1.49–1.41(m,1H),1.29(m,1H),1.04(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),0.94(s,9H),0.91–0.80(m,9H),0.12(s,3H),-0.05(s,3H); 13CNMR(101MHz,CDCl 3)δ178.32,168.53,161.79,146.28,127.49,70.39,69.96,52.41,51.07,40.11,38.26,31.63,25.67,24.22,18.30,17.96,17.24,15.95,11.48,-4.74,-5.17;HRESIMS m/z:理论计算值C 23H 41N 5O 4SSiNa +[M+Na] +:534.2649,检测值:534.2653。
(3)化合物7的合成
将化合物5(1.93g,3.77mmol)溶于四氢呋喃/水的混合溶剂(1:1,200mL),冰水浴冷却下加入氢氧化钠固体(1.6g,40mmol),30min后升到室温搅拌反应2h,冰水浴冷却,加稀盐酸酸化至溶液的pH=2,乙酸乙酯(200mL)萃取三次,合并有机相用水(200mL)洗,饱和食盐水(200mL)洗涤,分液,有机相加无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩,得到中间体酸。
将上述中间体酸溶于无水二氯甲烷(100mL),加入化合物6(1.03g,4mmol),HATU(3.8g,10mmol),搅拌均匀后滴加二异丙乙基胺 (3.3mL,20mmol),于室温下搅拌反应过夜,加水(200mL)淬灭反应,二氯甲烷(200mL)萃取三次,合并有机相用水(200mL)洗,饱和食盐水(200mL)洗涤,分液,有机相加无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩,得到粗品,用石油醚:乙酸乙酯=6:1为洗脱液快速柱层析分离得到化合物7,化合物7为油状物2.11g,两步总产率80%。
合成的化合物7,经 1HNMR, 13CNMR,HRMS检测,其产品为纯的化合物,其各性能指标或表征数据如下:
[α]D 25+1.2(c0.53,CHCl 3); 1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl 3)δ8.01(s,1H),7.27–7.17(m,5H),6.42(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),4.96(dd,J=7.7,3.8Hz,1H),4.38(s,1H),4.10(d,J=9.8Hz,1H),3.83(t,J=9.6Hz,1H),3.62(s,3H),2.91(ddd,J=35.0,13.9,6.5Hz,2H),2.68–2.54(m,1H),2.01–1.97(m,1H),1.93–1.75(m,5H),1.60(ddd,J=14.0,9.8,4.2Hz,1H),1.52–1.38(m,1H),1.29(s,1H),1.15(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),1.04(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),0.97–0.77(m,18H),0.14(s,3H),-0.03(s,3H); 13CNMR(101MHz,CDCl 3)δ176.59,176.48168.25,160.71,149.63,137.67,129.50,128.32,126.43,123.08,70.53,70.40,51.67,51.15,48.54,41.07,38.57,38.29,37.66,36.46,31.61,24.22,18.30,17.65,16.01,11.55,-4.79,-4.96;HR-ESIMS m/z:理论计算值C 35H 56N 6O 5SSiNa +[M+Na] +:723.3802,检测值:723.3808。
(4)化合物9的合成
将化合物7(2.11g,3.0mmol)溶于四氢呋喃/水混合溶剂(20:1,105mL),加入三苯基膦(7.9g,30mmol),加热回流反应2h,减压浓缩,再用甲苯带水三次,真空干燥得到中间体胺。
将上述中间体胺溶于无水二氯甲烷(100mL),加入N-Boc-D-哌啶 -2-羧酸-化合物8(0.92g,4mmol),HATU(3.8g,10mmol),搅拌均匀后滴加二异丙乙基胺(3.3mL,20mmol),于室温下搅拌反应过夜,加水(200mL)淬灭反应,二氯甲烷(200mL)萃取三次,合并有机相用水(200mL)洗,饱和食盐水(200mL)洗涤,分液,有机相加无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩,得到粗品,用石油醚:乙酸乙酯=4:1为洗脱液快速柱层析分离得到化合物9为油状物2.02g,两步总产率76%。
合成的化合物9,经 1HNMR, 13CNMR,HRMS检测,其产品为纯的化合物,其各性能指标或表征数据如下:
[α]D 25+13.0(c0.92,CHCl 31HNMR(400MHz,CDCl 3)δ8.00(d,J=5.1Hz,1H),7.25(dd,J=17.6,6.4Hz,5H),6.64(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),6.42(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),4.92(dd,J=8.2,2.8Hz,1H),4.81(m,2H),4.45–4.34(m,1H),4.17(t,J=8.6Hz,1H),4.08(s,1H),4.03–3.84(m,1H),3.63(s,3H),3.00(dd,J=13.6,6.2Hz,1H),2.89(dd,J=13.9,7.0Hz,1H),2.81(s,1H),2.63(s,1H),2.30(s,2H),2.13–1.75(m,6H),1.69–1.62(m,2H),1.56(s,2H),1.44(d,J=27.5Hz,9H),1.41(s,2H),1.16(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),0.97–0.87(m,21H),0.17(s,3H),-0.03(s,3H); 13CNMR(101MHz,CDCl 3)δ176.90,176.62,170.82,160.73,149.72,137.77,129.47,128.33,126.42,123.02,80.70,70.46,58.24,51.68,51.37,48.67,45.20,41.97,41.11,37.66,36.48,35.74,31.86,29.64,28.27,25.73,24.64,21.40,21.25,20.47,18.24,17.99,17.88,17.73,15.74,10.87,-4.79;HR-ESIMS m/z:理论计算值C 46H 75N 5O 8SSiNa +[M+Na] +:908.5106,检测值:908.5110。
(5)化合物1(终产物Tubulysin U)的合成
将化合物6(2.02g,2.28mmol)溶于甲醇(40mL),加入氟化铵固体 (4.4g,120mmol),加热回流反应过夜,减压浓缩,加水(200mL)稀释,乙酸乙酯(200mL)萃取三次,合并有机相用饱和食盐水(200mL)洗涤,分液,有机相加无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩,得到第一个中间体;
将上述中间体溶于四氢呋喃/水混合溶剂(1:1,200mL),加入氢氧化钠固体(1.2g,30mmol),然后加热回流反应10h,冰水浴冷却,加稀盐酸酸化至溶液的pH=2,乙酸乙酯(200mL)萃取三次,合并有机相用水(200mL)洗,饱和食盐水(200mL)洗涤,分液,有机相加无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩,得到第二个中间体。
将上述中间体溶于吡啶(40mL),加入醋酸酐(10mL),于室温下搅拌反应16h,加水(400mL)淬灭反应,冰水浴冷却,再加浓盐酸酸化至溶液的pH=2,乙酸乙酯(250mL)萃取三次,合并有机相用水(200mL)洗,饱和食盐水(200mL)洗涤,分液,有机相加无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩,得到第三个中间体。
将上述中间体溶于二氯甲烷(50mL),加入三氟乙酸(10mL),于室温下搅拌反应4h,减压浓缩,真空干燥得到第四个中间体。
将上述中间体溶于乙腈和甲醇的混合溶剂(1:1,100mL),加入37%的甲醛水溶液(4.0mL),于室温下搅拌反应0.5h,加入氰基硼氢化钠(1.57g,25mmol),再搅拌反应0.5h后,滴加冰醋酸至溶液的pH=5,然后于室温下搅拌反应过夜,减压浓缩,首先用硅胶柱层析分离纯化(流动相:甲醇:二氯甲烷1:10),最后用异丙醚打浆纯化得到终产物11.41g,五步总产率80%。
合成的化合物1,经 1HNMR, 13CNMR,HRMS检测,其产品为纯的 化合物,其各性能指标或表征数据如下:
[α]D 25-10.5(c0.46,MeOH); 1HNMR(400MHz,MeOD)δ8.10(s,1H),7.29–7.19(m,4H),7.18–7.15(m,1H),5.92(dd,J=10.9,2.8Hz,1H),4.39–4.32(m,1H),4.23(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),4.04–3.90(m,1H),3.32–3.20(m,2H),2.93(d,J=6.7Hz,2H),2.67-2.61(m,1H),2.52(s,3H),2.29–2.21(m,1H),2.16(s,3H),2.13–2.07(m,1H),2.02–1.98(m,1H),1.93–1.78(m,4H),1.79–1.55(m,5H),1.54–1.45(m,1H),1.26–1.20(m,1H),1.17(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),1.00(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.97–0.92(m,9H); 13CNMR(101MHz,MeOD)δ181.94,173.66,172.32,171.73,162.73,150.97,139.62,130.47,129.29,127.36,125.01,71.29,69.21,59.79,56.25,52.03,51.00,43.77,41.92,39.19,38.87,38.01,37.59,33.75,30.80,25.85,25.04,23.18,20.75,19.57,18.87,18.59,16.24,11.13;HR-ESIMS m/z:理论计算值C 37H 55N 5O 7S +[M+H] +:714.3822,检测值:714.3830。
上述制备过程中所使用的化合物6采用如下的制备步骤得到:
化合物11的合成
将L-苯丙氨醇10(20g,132.3mmol)溶于四氢呋喃/水(1:1,800mL)混合溶剂中,加入碳酸氢钠(50.4g,600mmol),搅拌均匀后滴加Boc酸酐(30mL,132mmol),于室温搅拌反应过夜,减压浓缩,加水(200mL)稀释,乙酸乙酯(200mL)萃取三次,合并有机相,无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩,得到化合物11,直接进行下一步。
化合物13的合成
将化合物11(5.0g,19.9mmol)溶于乙腈(200mL),加入2-碘酰基苯甲酸(11.2g,40mmol),加热回流反应2h,冷却到室温,过滤,滤液 减压浓缩得到中间体醛。
将上述中间体醛溶于二氯甲烷(300mL),加入化合物12(8.7g,24mmol),于室温下搅拌反应14h后,减压浓缩,得到粗品,用石油醚:乙酸乙酯=20:1为洗脱液快速柱层析分离得到化合物13为无色液体4.86g,两步产率90%。直接用于下一步反应。
其中,化合物12的制备方法参考文献:J.Org.Chem.,2018,83(13):7180-7205。
化合物14的合成
将化合物13(4.86g,17.9mmol)溶于甲醇(150mL),冰水浴冷却到0度,加入六水合氯化镍(0.86g,3.6mmol),搅拌均匀后分批缓慢加入硼氢化钠(2.04g,53.7mmol),加毕继续在0℃下反应30min,加饱和氯化铵水溶液(300mL)淬灭反应,二氯甲烷(200mL)萃取三次,合并有机相用水(200mL)洗,饱和食盐水(200mL)洗涤,分液,有机相加无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩,得到第一个中间体。
将上述中间体14溶于四氢呋喃/水混合溶剂(1:1,300mL),加入氢氧化钠固体(7.2g,180mmol),然后加热回流反应12h,减压浓缩,冰水浴冷却,加稀盐酸酸化至溶液的PH=2,乙酸乙酯(200mL)萃取三次,合并有机相用水(200mL)洗,饱和食盐水(200mL)洗涤,分液,有机相加无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩,得到第二个中间体。
将上述中间体溶于无水四氢呋喃(200mL),冰水浴冷却,滴加N-甲基吗啉(3.3mL,30mmol)和氯甲酸异丁酯(2.3mL,18mmol),在0度下反应30分钟后,加入硼氢化钠(2.0g,53mmol)和甲醇(50mL),缓 慢升到室温反应2h,减压浓缩,加水(200mL)稀释,乙酸乙酯(200mL)萃取三次,合并有机相用1M稀盐酸(200mL)洗,饱和食盐水(200mL)洗涤,分液,有机相加无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩,得到粗品,用石油醚:乙酸乙酯=4:1为洗脱液快速柱层析分离得到化合物14,化合物14为油状物3.15g,三步总收率60%。同时可以得到非对映异构体14’1.05g,三步总收率20%。
化合物14和非对映异构体14’两者极性有一定的差别,Rf值相差0.15,可以用硅胶柱层析快速分离纯化。
该合成方法的步骤较短,分离纯化也比较简单,总产率较高,可以放大制备。
合成的化合物14经 1HNMR, 13CNMR,HRMS检测,其产品为纯的化合物,其各性能指标或表征数据如下:
[α]D 25+14.5(c0.59,CHCl3); 1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl 3)δ7.29–7.15(m,5H),4.45(d,J=7.4Hz,1H),4.03(s,1H),3.47(d,J=5.8Hz,2H),2.83–2.64(m,2H),2.18(s,1H),1.77(d,J=6.2Hz,1H),1.53(ddd,J=12.4,8.6,4.5Hz,1H),1.38(s,9H),1.22(m,1H),0.92(d,J=6.8Hz,3H); 13CNMR(101MHz,CDCl 3)δ155.77,137.94,129.42,128.29,126.27,79.27,67.87,49.53,41.67,39.26,32.45,28.32,17.78;HR-ESIMS m/z:理论计算值C 17H 27NO 3Na +[M+Na] +:316.1991,检测值:316.2000。
化合物16的合成
将化合物14(3.15g,10.7mmol)溶于乙腈(200mL),加入2-碘酰基苯甲酸(5.6g,20mmol),加热回流反应2h,冷却到室温,过滤,滤液减压浓缩得到中间体15,直接用于下一步反应。
将上述中间体15溶于6M盐酸(150mL),加热回流反应6h,减压浓缩,然后用异丙醚打浆纯化得到氨基酸化合物162.1g,两步产率为80%。
合成的化合物16,经 1HNMR, 13CNMR,HRMS检测,其产品为纯的化合物,其各性能指标或表征数据如下:M.p.140-141℃;[α]D 25+4.0(c1.0,MeOH); 1HNMR(400MHz,D 2O)δ7.55–7.25(m,5H),3.68–3.57(m,1H),3.06(dd,J=14.2,6.7Hz,1H),2.95(dd,J=14.2,7.7Hz,1H),2.72(dd,J=14.7,6.9Hz,1H),2.06(ddd,J=14.6,8.6,5.9Hz,1H),1.83–1.68(m,1H),1.21(d,J=7.0Hz,3H); 13C NMR(101MHz,D 2O)δ179.88,135.44,129.46,129.10,127.57,51.26,38.32,35.78,35.44,16.63;HR-ESIMS m/z:理论计算值C 12H 17NO 2 +[M+H] +:209.1259,检测值:209.1302。
化合物6的合成
将化合物16(2.1g,8.62mmol)溶于无水甲醇(150mL),冰水浴冷却,滴加二氯亚砜(2.2mL,30mmol),加热回流反应2h,减压浓缩,真空干燥后以几乎定量的产率得到化合物6,不用纯化及表征,直接用于下一步反应,制备化合物1(终产物Tubulysin U)。
本发明的新型的天然活性多肽Tubulysin U的制备方法符合绿色化学标准,尽量利用可再生和可回收性资源,所用试剂毒性较小、反应经处理后对环境污染很小。尤其,该制备方法的总产率较高、立体选择性好、实验操作方便、反应条件温和、分离纯化简单、可用于大量制备。
虽然本发明所揭露的实施方式如上,但所述的内容仅为便于理解 本发明而采用的实施方式,并非用以限定本发明。任何本发明所属领域内的技术人员,在不脱离本发明所揭露的精神和范围的前提下,可以在实施的形式及细节上进行任何的修改与变化,但本发明的专利保护范围,仍须以所附的权利要求书所界定的范围为准。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种天然活性多肽Tubulysin U的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法采用如下所示的路线:
    Figure PCTCN2020139779-appb-100001
    其中,上述路线中使用的化合物3、化合物6和化合物8的结构如下:
    Figure PCTCN2020139779-appb-100002
    包括如下步骤:
    步骤1,将化合物2溶于三氟乙酸,加热回流,制备中间体;
    将所述中间体溶于无水二氯甲烷中,加入化合物3和二异丙乙基胺,在室温下反应,制备化合物4;
    步骤2,将得到的化合物4溶于干燥的二氯甲烷,冰水浴冷却下加入2,6-二甲基吡啶和叔丁基二甲硅基三氟甲磺酸酯,室温下反应,制备化合物5;
    步骤3,将化合物5溶于四氢呋喃/水混合溶剂,冰水浴冷却下加入氢氧化钠固体,室温下反应,制备中间体酸;
    将得到的所述中间体酸溶于无水二氯甲烷,加入化合物6,HATU,搅拌均匀后滴加二异丙乙基胺,于室温下反应,制备化合物7;
    步骤4,将得到的化合物7溶于四氢呋喃/水混合溶剂,加入三苯基膦,加热回流反应,制备中间体胺;将所述的中间体胺溶于无水二氯甲烷,加入化合物8和HATU,搅拌均匀后滴加二异丙乙基胺,于室温下反应,制备化合物9;
    步骤5,将化合物9溶于甲醇,加入氟化铵固体,加热回流反应过夜,经后处理得到第一中间体;将所述第一中间体溶于四氢呋喃/水混合溶剂,加入氢氧化钠固体,然后加热回流反应,经后处理得到第二中间体;将所述的第二中间体溶于吡啶,然后加入醋酸酐,于室温下反应,经后处理得到第三中间体;将所述的第三中间体溶于二氯甲烷,再加入三氟乙酸,于室温下反应,经后处理得到第四中间体;将所述的第四中间体溶于乙腈和甲醇的混合溶剂,加入甲醛水溶液,于室温下反应一定时间,再加入氰基硼氢化钠继续反应,经后处理得到目标终产物。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的天然活性多肽Tubulysin U的制备方法,其特征在于,所述化合物6采用如下所示的路线合成得到:
    Figure PCTCN2020139779-appb-100003
    其中,上述路线中使用的化合物12的结构如下:
    Figure PCTCN2020139779-appb-100004
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的天然活性多肽Tubulysin U的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤1包括:
    步骤11,将化合物2溶于三氟乙酸,加热回流,减压浓缩,得到中间体;
    步骤12,将所述中间体溶于无水二氯甲烷中,加入化合物3,搅拌均匀后,滴加二异丙乙基胺,在室温下搅拌反应,反应完毕后,淬灭反应,二氯甲烷萃取并合并有机相,将有机相依次用水、饱和食盐水洗涤,收集有机相进行干燥,浓缩并柱层析分离得到化合物4;
    优选地,所述步骤1中,加热回流时间为2~4h,更优选为3h;
    优选地,所述步骤1中,化合物2:化合物3:HATU:二异丙乙基胺的摩尔比=1:1.1-1.4:2-3:4-5,更优选为1:1.1:2:4;
    优选地,所述步骤12中,浓缩后的有机相用石油醚:乙酸乙酯的体积比=4:1的洗脱液进行柱层析分离。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的天然活性多肽Tubulysin U的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤2包括:
    将得到的化合物4溶于干燥的二氯甲烷,冰水浴冷却下加入2,6-二甲基吡啶和叔丁基二甲硅基三氟甲磺酸酯,升到室温反应,反应完毕后加水淬灭反应,二氯甲烷萃取合并有机相,依次用稀盐酸、饱和食盐水洗涤,分液收集有机相并用无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩后层析分离得到化合物5;
    优选地,化合物4:2,6-二甲基吡啶:叔丁基二甲硅基三氟甲磺酸酯的摩尔比=1:3-4:1.2-2,更优选为1:3:1.5;
    优选地,所述步骤2中,浓缩后的有机相用石油醚:乙酸乙酯的体积比=8:1的洗脱液进行柱层析分离。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的天然活性多肽Tubulysin U的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤3包括:
    将化合物5溶于四氢呋喃/水混合溶剂,冰水浴冷却下加入氢氧化钠固体,升到室温搅拌反应,然后冰水浴冷却,调节反应液的pH=2,用乙酸乙酯萃取,合并有机相并用水、饱和食盐水洗涤,分液,将得到的有机相加无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩,得到中间体酸;
    将得到的所述中间体酸溶于无水二氯甲烷,加入化合物6,HATU,搅拌均匀后滴加二异丙乙基胺,于室温下搅拌反应,反应完成后加水淬灭反应,用二氯甲烷萃取,合并有机相并用水、饱和食盐水洗涤, 分液,有机相加无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩,然后用石油醚:乙酸乙酯=6:1的洗脱液进行柱层析分离得到油状的化合物7;
    优选地,四氢呋喃/水混合溶剂中四氢呋喃:水的体积比=1:1;
    优选地,化合物5:化合物6:HATU:二异丙乙基胺的摩尔比=1:1.1-1.5:2-3:4-5,更优选为1:1.1:2.5:5
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的天然活性多肽Tubulysin U的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤4包括:
    将得到的化合物7溶于四氢呋喃/水混合溶剂,加入三苯基膦,加热回流反应,减压浓缩,再用甲苯洗涤除水,真空干燥得到中间体胺;
    将所述的中间体胺溶于无水二氯甲烷,加入化合物8和HATU,搅拌均匀后滴加二异丙乙基胺,于室温下搅拌反应,反应完成后加水淬灭反应,用二氯甲烷萃取,合并有机相并依次用水、饱和食盐水洗涤,分液,得到的有机相加无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩,然后用石油醚和乙酸乙酯为洗脱液进行柱层析分离,得到油状的化合物9;
    优选地,化合物7:化合物8:HATU:二异丙乙基胺的摩尔比==1:1.1-1.5:2-3:4-6,更优选为1:1.3:3:6;
    优选地,所述步骤4中,四氢呋喃/水混合溶剂中四氢呋喃:水的体积比=20:1;
    优选地,所述步骤4中,加入三苯基膦,加热回流反应1.5~2.5h,更优选为2h。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的天然活性多肽Tubulysin U的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤5包括:
    将化合物9溶于甲醇,加入氟化铵固体,加热回流反应过夜,减压浓缩,加水稀释,用乙酸乙酯萃取,合并有机相并用饱和食盐水洗 涤,分液,得到的有机相加无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩,得到第一中间体;
    将所述第一中间体溶于四氢呋喃:水体积比为1:1的四氢呋喃/水混合溶剂,加入氢氧化钠固体,然后加热回流反应,冰水浴冷却,调节反应液pH=2,然后用乙酸乙酯萃取,合并有机相并用水、饱和食盐水洗涤,分液,得到的有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩,得到第二中间体;
    将所述的第二中间体溶于吡啶,然后加入醋酸酐,于室温下搅拌反应,反应完毕后加水淬灭,冰水浴冷却,将反应液调节至pH=2,用乙酸乙酯萃取,合并有机相并用水、饱和食盐水洗涤,分液,得到的有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩,得到第三中间体;
    将所述的第三中间体溶于二氯甲烷,再加入三氟乙酸,于室温下搅拌反应完毕后,减压浓缩,真空干燥得到第四中间体;
    将所述的第四中间体溶于体积比1:1的乙腈和甲醇混合溶剂,加入甲醛水溶液,于室温下搅拌反应,再加入氰基硼氢化钠继续反应,调节反应液pH=5,然后于室温下搅拌反应过夜,减压浓缩,先用硅胶柱层析分离纯化,再用异丙醚打浆纯化,得到目标化合物1;
    优选地,化合物9:氟化铵的摩尔比=1:50;
    优选地,第一中间体:氢氧化钠=1:10;
    优选地,第二中间体:醋酸酐=1:50;
    优选地,所述步骤5中,硅胶柱层析分离纯化采用甲醇:二氯甲烷体积比=1:10的流动相;
    优选地,所述甲醛水溶液的浓度为37wt%。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的天然活性多肽Tubulysin U的制备方法,其特征在于,所述化合物2采用如下方法制备:
    Figure PCTCN2020139779-appb-100005
    包括如下步骤:
    步骤1,将起始原料L-缬氨醇2-1溶于四氢呋喃/水混合溶剂,加入碳酸氢钠固体和氯甲酸苄酯,于室温下反应过夜,得到化合物2-2;
    步骤2,将步骤1得到的化合物2-2溶于乙腈中,加入2-碘酰基苯甲酸,加热回流反应,得到中间体醛2-3;
    将所述中间体醛2-3溶于二氯甲烷中,加入Wittig试剂2-4和四甲基胍,加热回流反应,得到化合物2-5;
    步骤3,将所述化合物2-5溶于四氢呋喃/水混合溶剂,加入氢氧化钠固体,加热回流反应,得到化合物2-6;以化合物2-6为反应底物,加入偶联试剂和三苯基膦,与化合物2-7反应,制备得到噻唑啉中间产物,再加入氧化试剂,一锅法合成化合物2-8;
    步骤4,将所述化合物2-8溶于四氢呋喃,加入浓盐酸,于室温下反应,得到化合物2-9;
    步骤5,在惰性气体保护下,将所述化合物2-9溶于无水四氢呋喃中,在冰水浴冷却下加入(S)-Me-CBS和硼烷二甲硫醚络合物,升到室温反应,即得到化合物2。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的天然活性多肽Tubulysin U的制备方法, 其特征在于,所述化合物2的制备方法中:
    所述步骤1中,L-缬氨醇2-1:碳酸氢钠:氯甲酸苄酯的摩尔比为1:3-5:1-1.02,优选为1:3:1;
    优选地,所述步骤1的反应时间为10-15h,更优选为12h,反应完后减压浓缩,用乙酸乙酯萃取,合并有机相后用饱和食盐水洗涤,分液收集有机相,然后向有机相中加入无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤浓缩抽干,得到化合物2-2。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的天然活性多肽Tubulysin U的制备方法,其特征在于,所述化合物2的制备方法中:
    所述步骤2中,化合物2-2:2-碘酰基苯甲酸:Wittig试剂2-4的摩尔比为1:2-3:1.2-1.5,优选为1:2:1.5。
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