WO2021109520A1 - 一种适于可降解秧盘的气力式有序抛秧机和抛秧方法 - Google Patents

一种适于可降解秧盘的气力式有序抛秧机和抛秧方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021109520A1
WO2021109520A1 PCT/CN2020/095150 CN2020095150W WO2021109520A1 WO 2021109520 A1 WO2021109520 A1 WO 2021109520A1 CN 2020095150 W CN2020095150 W CN 2020095150W WO 2021109520 A1 WO2021109520 A1 WO 2021109520A1
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Prior art keywords
seedling
seedlings
tray
planting
component
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PCT/CN2020/095150
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
纪要
张文毅
夏倩倩
李坤
胡敏娟
祁兵
扈凯
严伟
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农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所
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Priority to AU2020397138A priority Critical patent/AU2020397138B2/en
Priority to JP2021533323A priority patent/JP7005818B1/ja
Publication of WO2021109520A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021109520A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C11/00—Transplanting machines
    • A01C11/003—Transplanting machines for aquatic plants; for planting underwater, e.g. rice
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C11/00—Transplanting machines
    • A01C11/006—Other parts or details or planting machines

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of transplanting machinery, and specifically relates to a seedling throwing technique.
  • Rice is one of the main crops in my country. At present, rice planting is divided into two forms: direct seeding and transplanting, among which there are two methods of transplanting seedlings and throwing seedlings. Because the seedling throwing planting method has the characteristics of light planting injury, fast greening, early tillering, stable yield and high yield, it has been popularized and applied. At present, the traditional method of throwing seedlings is mainly manual, which has high labor intensity, low efficiency, inability to guarantee the spacing between seedlings, and poor overall regularity, which is not conducive to the growth of seedlings and later field management. The existing seedling thrower has a complicated structure and low efficiency. It is difficult to recycle the seedling tray when transplanting with a tray, and the seedling standability is poor.
  • the seedling removal mechanism is mostly ejection type and extraction type, and the ejection type seedling removal is through the ejector mechanism. Eject the seedlings out, and then enter the seedling sending and throwing mechanism.
  • This method has many seedling picking links, cumbersome mechanism, low reliability, high seedling requirements, and easy damage to the root system and soil structure of the seedlings; the pull-out seedling pulls the seedlings through the rotating mechanism After the seedlings are removed, the seedlings are sent and thrown.
  • This method is complex, low reliability, and easy to damage the roots and stems of the seedlings. It is not conducive to the later rejuvenation of live trees.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of pneumatic and orderly throwing seedling throwing machine and seedling throwing method suitable for degradable seedling trays, so as to realize simple structure, low manufacturing cost, high reliability, high seedling extraction efficiency and pot seedlings. No damage, precise row spacing control, good effect of planting and erecting seedlings. Pneumatic and orderly throwing can solve the problem of complicated seedling picking mechanism, low precision, easy damage to seedlings, insufficient seedling stability, and difficulty in accurate control of row spacing with existing seedling throwing machines. , The technical problems of poor seedling erection effect and unstable planting depth.
  • a pneumatic ordered seedling thrower suitable for degradable seedling trays comprising a seedling thrower chassis (1), a gearbox (3), a seedling removal component (5), a seedling separation component (6), and a fan (2) , Distributor (4), planting and standing tube (7), seedling thrower power output shaft (101) and seedling thrower frame (102); the power output shaft (101) of the seedling thrower through the gearbox (3) is The seedling removal component (5) and the seedling separation component (6) provide power.
  • the gearbox (3) includes a gearbox first output shaft (301) and a gearbox second output shaft (302),
  • the seedling removal component (5) includes: a seedling removal component rack (501), a seedling removal component driving pulley (502), a seedling removal component driven pulley (503), a seedling delivery belt (504), and a driving gear ( 505), seedling box (506), seedling tray limit plate (507), seedling cutter set (508), seedling limit attitude plate (522), seated bearing (509) and seated bearing mounting plate ( 525);
  • the seedling taking part frame (501) is installed on the seedling throwing machine frame (102); the seedling taking part active pulley (502), the seedling limit posture adjustment plate (522), and the seedling cutter plate combination ( 508), the drive gear (505), the driven pulley (503), and the seedling box (506) are installed on the seedling frame (501) in turn;
  • the power input end of the seedling removal component (5) is connected to the power output shaft (101) of the seedling thrower through the gearbox (3);
  • the seedling box (506) is fixedly connected with a seedling tray limiting plate (507); the seedling tray is placed above the seedling tray limiting plate (507), and the seedling tray limiting plate (507) is located in the gap below the seedling tray bowl.
  • the seedling tray is a degradable seedling tray;
  • the seedling box (506) is located on the seedling conveying belt (504), and the seedling conveying belt (504) is connected to the seedling taking part active pulley (502) And the driven pulley (503) of the seedling removal part;
  • the number of seedling delivery belts (504) is equal to the number of operation rows, and the seedling delivery belts (504) are independent of each other in parallel;
  • the driving pulley (502) of the seedling removal part is fixed on the bearing (509), and the bearing (509) is connected to the bearing mounting plate (525) and fixed above the frame (501) of the seedling removal part.
  • the first gear (510) and the second sprocket (511) are fixed on the driving pulley (502) of the seedling component near the gearbox end;
  • the second sprocket (511) is a double-row sprocket, passing through the first chain (512) Connect the first sprocket (513) to rotate in a clockwise direction at a constant speed;
  • the first sprocket (513) is fixed on the first output shaft (301) of the gearbox, and passes through the gearbox (3) and the power output shaft of the rice thrower (101)Connect;
  • the first gear (510) meshes with the second gear (514), and the first gear (510) rotates in a clockwise direction with the driving pulley (502) of the seedling removal member at a constant speed; the second gear (514) is fixed Knot on the right side of the seedling cutter set (508);
  • the seedling removal cutter head combination (508) includes: seedling removal cutter head combination drive shaft (515), seedling removal cutter combination limit nut (516), cutting blade (517) and blade limit spacer (518);
  • the N cutting blades (517) are equidistantly fixed on the seedling cutter disc combination drive shaft (515) via the blade limit spacer (518) and the seedling cutter disc combination limit nut (516); the said distance is the same as that of the seedling disc.
  • the left guide grid (523) and the right guide grid (524) are installed under the seedling cutter tray assembly (508); the cutting blade (517) has a cutting edge beyond the top of the seedling tray, and every two adjacent seedling delivery belts (504) A cutting blade (517) is arranged in the middle;
  • the left guide grid (523) and the right guide grid (524) are both fixed on the seedling separating component (6);
  • the seedling division part (6) includes: left seedling division part I (601), left seedling division part II (602), right seedling division part II (603), right seedling division part I (604);
  • the seedling part I (601) and the left seedling part II (602) are connected by the left movable pin (605) and the left fixed pin (606), and the left seedling part I (601) can be wound around the left fixed pin (606) Rotate and fold upwards;
  • the right seedling division part I (604) and the right seedling division part II (603) are connected by the right movable pin (607) and the right fixed pin (608), and the right seedling division part I (604) can be wound around the right
  • the fixed pin (608) rotates and folds upwards;
  • the left seedling separating component I (601) includes: the left mounting frame I (609) of the seedling separating mechanism, 2M 1 bearing with seat (610), 2M 1 bearing mounting plate (611), M 1 seedling separating Belt (612), M 1 driven pulley (613);
  • the left seedling separating component II (602) includes the left mounting frame II (614) of the seedling separating mechanism, the left fixed pin (606), 2M 2 belts Seat bearing (610), 2M 2 seated bearing mounting plates (611), M 2 seedling belts (612), left driving pulley (615), M 2 driven pulleys (613); the right
  • the left seedling separating component II (602) is installed on the seedling thrower frame (102) through the left mounting frame II (614) of the seedling separating component, and the seedling removing component (5) is connected to the upper part;
  • the two ends of the left driving pulley (615) are respectively fixed on the left mounting frame II (614) of the seedling separating component through a bearing (610); the driven pulley (613) is connected by a seedling separating belt (612) Left driving pulley (615); both ends of the driven pulley (613) are respectively connected to the bearing (610) with seat and fixed on the bearing mounting plate (611); the bearing mounting plate (611) is equidistant Installed on the left mounting frame II (614) of the seedling sorting mechanism;
  • the right seedling dividing component II (603) has the same structure as the left seedling dividing component II (602), which is installed on the seedling thrower frame (102) through the right mounting frame II (616) of the seedling dividing mechanism component; the right seedling dividing component II (603) is located diagonally above the left seedling division part II (602) to ensure that the longitudinal (the forward direction of the seedling thrower) between all adjacent seedling division belts (612) is equal to the distance between the horizontally adjacent bowls of the seedling tray. At the same time, ensure that when all driven pulleys (613) are projected orthographically, the lateral spacing between adjacent projections is equal to the required seedling row spacing L;
  • the left driving pulley (615) and the right driving pulley (617) are respectively connected to the first output shaft (302) of the gearbox and the second output shaft (301) of the gearbox through couplings;
  • the left seedling guide grid I (618) is fixed on the left mounting frame I (609) of the seedling division
  • the left seedling guide grid II (619) is fixed on the left mounting frame II (614) of the seedling division
  • the right is divided.
  • Seedling guide grid I (620) is fixed on the right mounting frame I (622) of the seedling sorting mechanism
  • the right seedling guide grid II (621) is fixed on the left mounting frame II (616) of the seedling sorting component; each seedling dividing guide
  • the grids are respectively located directly above the corresponding seedling division zone (612);
  • a planting seedling tube (7) is correspondingly fixed below the driven pulley (613);
  • Each of the planting and standing seedling pipes (7) includes B protruding air intake pipes (703), a seedling inlet (701) at the top of the planting and standing seedling pipes (7), and a planting and standing seedling pipe (7)
  • the bottom of the seedling opening (702); the planting riser tube (7) is a cylindrical whole body through up and down, and the seedling entrance (701) corresponds to the upper and lower positions of the seedling opening (702); the seedling entrance (701) is upper and lower
  • the inner diameter of the emergence opening (702) is 10-20mm larger than the outer diameter of the seedling bowl; the angle between the air inlet pipe (703) and the planting stand pipe (7) on the axis is 40-45 degrees; the air inlet pipe (703) It is connected to the planting stand tube (7), and the distance between the connecting point and the entrance of the planting stand tube (7) is 1/3 the height of the planting stand tube (7); B is greater than or equal to 2;
  • the air inlet pipe (703) of the planting and standing seedling pipe (7) is connected to the distributor outlet (402) of the distributor (4) through a hose seal;
  • the seedling tray is made of degradable materials; the upper surface of the longitudinally adjacent bowls of the seedling tray is connected with a special transverse slit.
  • the gearbox (3) contains a pair of bevel gears and a pair of identical spur gears that mesh with each other, and a pair of bevel gears are used for steering the original output of the seedling thrower to meet the location requirements of the power transmission of the seedling removal parts.
  • the gearbox is provided with a pair of identical spur gears that mesh with each other, so that the first output shaft (301) of the gearbox and the second output shaft (302) of the gearbox rotate in opposite directions at the same speed, so that the seedling belts on both sides ( 612) Run in the opposite direction in the transverse direction.
  • the cutting blade (517) has a double-edged edge, the length of the cutting blade is 10-20mm, and the edge of the cutting blade (517) is 5-10mm beyond the top of the seedling tray, which is convenient for cutting the seedling tray conveyed longitudinally.
  • the left seedling separating mechanism I (609) is fixed with a left seedling limiting grid I (628), and the left seedling separating mechanism II (614) is fixed with a left seedling limiting grid II (619).
  • the right mounting frame I (622) of the seedling dividing mechanism is fixed with a right seedling dividing limit grid I (620), and the right mounting frame of the seedling dividing mechanism II (616) is fixed with a right seedling dividing grid II (621). );
  • the left seedling limit grid I (618), the left seedling limit grid II (619), the right seedling limit grid I (620), and the right seedling limit grid II (621) are all related to each other.
  • the seedling division belts (612) directly below correspond to each other to prevent the seedlings from shifting to the adjacent seedling division belts (612) during the seedling division process.
  • the B convex air inlet pipes (703) are evenly distributed along the circumference of the planting riser tube (7): the axis of the B convex air inlet pipes (703) is eccentrically arranged with respect to the axis of the planting riser pipe (7) , In order to form a spiral airflow to accelerate the planting and seedlings downwards.
  • a pneumatic and orderly throwing method suitable for degradable seedling trays which is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
  • Step one, accurate delivery of seedlings in the whole tray Place the seedling tray with the seedlings to be taken on the seedling tray limiting plate (507) on the seedling box (506), and under the drive of multiple sets of seedling delivery belts (504), Precisely send the seedling tray to the working position of the seedling removal cutter assembly (508), and the position of each row of bowls corresponds to the position of the seedling delivery belt (504) below;
  • Step three accurate delivery of seedlings in the entire row: the single unit is accurately delivered to the seedling position-limiting and posture adjustment plate (522) via the seedling delivery belt (504), and the individual is passed through the position-limiting and posture adjustment of the seedling position-limiting and posture adjustment plate (522) , To ensure that the seedling enters the seedling division part (6) in the correct posture;
  • Step 4 precise introduction of the whole row: after the seedlings are restricted and adjusted by the seedling position-limiting and posture adjustment plate (522), the whole row of seedlings in each hole shall be placed on the left guide grid (523) and the right guide grid (524) at the same time. Inside, after the guiding effect, the whole row of scattered seedling monomers fall into the corresponding seedling division belt (612) below;
  • Step 5 Efficient equidistant branching:
  • the gearbox (3) drives all seedling separation belts (612) to drive horizontally, thereby driving the seedlings on the seedling separation belt (612) to achieve an isometric row of horizontal seedlings, and each seedling is in accordance with regulations.
  • the distance falls into the colonization and erection tube (7) to prepare for the colonization and erection;
  • Step 6 Planting and erecting seedlings with force: After the seedlings fall into the planting stand tube (7), under the dual action of gravity and spiral force, they fall vertically along the planting stand tube (7) and are accurately planted in the paddy field;
  • Each of the steps is a continuous cycle operation.
  • the working process of the present invention is as follows: start the seedling thrower, turn on the fan (2) and feed the whole seedling belt with the degradable seedling tray to the seedling box (506).
  • the seedling tray is under the dual action of gravity and the seedling conveying belt (504).
  • the posture plate (522) is restricted and adjusted, it is sent to the lower seedling division part (6), and the whole row of cut single pot seedlings is distributed to each row at a high speed through the multi-heel seedling division belt (612).
  • the seedlings fall into the planting seedling stand tube (7) below, and are accelerated by the spiral force of the planting seedling stand pipe (7), and the seedlings are planted and erected in the paddy field.
  • the invention has beneficial effects.
  • the seedling thrower of the present invention is based on the degradable material seedling tray, which is brought into the mud when transplanting, and there is no seedling tray recovery device, which effectively improves the working efficiency.
  • the seedling parts are combined by the seedling cutter plate, and the whole row is cut to take the seedlings.
  • the seedling trays do not need to be moved horizontally, which reduces the complexity of the seedling parts and improves the accuracy of the seedlings.
  • the seedling parts act on the seedlings.
  • the tray has no contact with the seedlings, which fundamentally solves the problem of seedling injury when taking seedlings; the seedling separation component of the present invention can be adapted to all the precise and high-speed branches of the entire row of seedling taking methods, and the row spacing can be adjusted according to the requirements of different planting agronomy, which solves the problem. It has the disorder of the seedling throwing technology; the planting and standing seedling tube of the present invention adopts the spiral force to accelerate the planting and standing seedlings, which solves the problem that the existing machines fall into the field by the weight of the seedlings and are easy to fall and float the seedlings.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the upper degradation disc model of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the liner plate model of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the two-disc superimposed model of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a single plug tray after cutting according to the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a single seedling of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the seedling thrower of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a front view of the structure of the seedling thrower of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the seedling removal component of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the combined structure of the seedling removal cutter head of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the position of the seedling separating component of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the seedling separating component of the present invention.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the position of the seedling division zone of the present invention.
  • Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the planting and standing seedling tube of the present invention.
  • Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the dispenser of the present invention.
  • FIG 1 is a schematic diagram of the upper degradation plate
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the lining plate
  • Figure 3 is the superimposed use of two plates
  • the schematic diagram shows the two superimposed use when raising seedlings.
  • FIG. 6 The structure of the seedling thrower of the present invention is shown in FIG. 6, including: seedling thrower chassis 1, fan 2, gearbox 3, distributor 4, seedling removal part 5, seedling separation part 6, and planting and standing seedling pipe 7.
  • the seedling separating component 6 is fixed on the seedling thrower frame 102, and the power is transmitted from the seedling thrower power output shaft 101 through the gearbox 3; the seedling removing component 5 is connected to the seedling throwing component frame 501. Seedling part 6 and seedling thrower frame 102.
  • the structure of the seedling taking part is shown in Figure 8, including the seedling taking part driving pulley 502, the seedling taking part driven pulley 503, the seedling delivery belt 504, the seedling box 506, the seedling tray limiting plate 507, and the seedling cutter combination 508 Etc., in which: the structure of the seedling cutter plate assembly 508 is shown in Figure 9, including: seedling cutter plate combination drive shaft 515, seedling cutter plate combination limit nut 516, cutting blade 517, and blade limit spacer 518; more Two cutting blades 517 are equidistantly fixed on the seedling cutter combination drive shaft 515 via the blade limit spacer 518.
  • One end of the seedling cutter combination drive shaft is limited by a step, and the other end is limited by a seedling cutter combination limit nut 516. Lock the limit.
  • the seedling tray is accurately sent to the seedling cutter tray assembly 508 via the seedling delivery belt 504 through the seedling tray limiting plate 507, and the entire row of seedlings passes through the seedling limiting posture adjustment plate 522.
  • the left guide grille 523 and the right guide grille 524 guide and send the individual pot seedlings to the seedling separating part 6.
  • the structure of the seedling division part 6 is shown in Figure 11, including: left seedling division part I601, left seedling division part II602, right seedling division part II603 and right seedling division part I604, bearing 610, seedling division belt 612, driven belt Wheel 613 and right driving pulley 617, among which: the left seedling separating part I601 and the right seedling separating part I604 can be folded upwards; the left driving belt wheel 615 and the right driving belt wheel 617 are respectively first output through the coupling and the gearbox
  • the shaft 302 is connected with the second output shaft 301 of the gearbox to drive the seedling separation belt 612 to rotate in the opposite direction at a constant speed.
  • the position of the seedling dividing zone 612 is shown in Fig. 12.
  • the longitudinal position of each seedling dividing zone 12 corresponds to the horizontal pot position of the seedling tray, so that the pot seedlings that are convenient for the whole row of cutting and fetching seedlings fall accurately on the seedling dividing zone 612, and the seedlings are divided.
  • the horizontal distance between belt 612 is equal to the row spacing of seedlings. The whole row of potted seedlings after cutting and fetching the seedlings passes through the high-speed and orderly branching of the seedling dividing belt 612, and the single potted seedlings are sent to the colonization and riser tube 7 below.
  • the structure of the planting and standing seedling pipe 7 is shown in Fig. 13, including a seedling inlet 701 at the top and a seedling exit 702 at the bottom, and a plurality of air inlet pipes 703 evenly distributed in the circumferential direction.
  • the axis of each air inlet pipe 703 and the planting and standing seedling pipes The axes of 7 are not on the same plane so as to form a spiral air flow, and the air inlet pipe 703 is connected to the distributor 4 through a hose.
  • the distributor structure is shown in Fig. 14, including a distributor inlet 401 and a plurality of distributor outlets 402.
  • the distributor inlet 401 is sealed and connected to the outlet of the fan 2. When the fan 2 starts, it will be accelerated by the spiral force. The large pot seedlings are planted in the paddy field in an orderly manner.
  • Step one, accurate delivery of seedlings in the whole tray Place the seedling tray with the seedlings to be taken on the tray limiting plate 507 on the seedling box 506, and drive the seedling trays accurately to the seedling tray under the drive of multiple sets of seedling delivery belts 504.
  • the working position of the seedling cutter plate assembly 508, the position of each row of bowls corresponds to the position of the seedling conveying belt 504 below;
  • Step two take out the whole row of seedlings without damage: 13 cutting blades 517 accurately cut at the same time, and take out the whole row of seedlings at high speed without damage at one time, and the whole row of seedlings taken out becomes a single unit; the number of seedling bowls in the horizontal direction is 14;
  • Step three accurate delivery of the entire row of seedlings: the single unit is accurately delivered to the seedling position-limiting and posture adjustment plate 522 via the seedling delivery belt 504, and the single unit passes through the position-limiting and posture adjustment of the seedling position-limiting and posture adjustment plate 522 to ensure that the seedlings are in the correct position.
  • the posture enters the seedling division part 6;
  • Step four precise introduction of the entire row: after the seedlings are restricted and adjusted by the seedling position-limiting and posture adjustment plate 522, the entire row of seedlings in each hole are placed in the left guide grid 523 and the right guide grid 524 at the same time, after being guided , The whole row of scattered single seedlings respectively fall on the corresponding seedling division belt 612 below;
  • Step 5 Efficient equidistant branching:
  • the gearbox 3 drives all seedling separation belts 612 to drive laterally at the same time, thereby driving the seedlings on the seedling separation belt 612 to realize equidistant rows of horizontal seedlings, and each seedling falls into the fixed seedlings according to the specified spacing.
  • Pipe 7 to prepare for planting and seedlings;
  • Step 6 Planting and erecting seedlings vigorously: After the seedlings fall into the planting seedling tube 7, under the dual action of gravity and spiral force, they fall vertically along the planting tube 7 to accurately settle in the paddy field; and so on.
  • the seedling thrower of the present invention was trial-produced and processed at Changzhou Yuanbo Machinery Co., Ltd., Jiangsu province.
  • the number of rows of the seedling thrower was 14 rows, the row spacing was 25cm, and the working width was 3.5m.
  • the chassis of the seedling thrower is a Yanmar riding-type seedling transplanter chassis.
  • the distributor includes 1 inlet and 28 outlets.
  • the planting and standing seedling pipes include 1 seedling inlet, 1 seedling exit and 2 air intake pipes.
  • the seedling thrower of the present invention was used for field trials.
  • the seedlings used for the test were rice bowl seedlings with a seedling age of 18 days.
  • the seedling tray was a double-layer degradable seedling tray, and the upper tray was pre-set with cut
  • the specifications of the trough and seedling tray are 14 holes in the horizontal direction and 28 holes in the vertical direction.
  • the whole plate of seedlings is transported along the seedling box and sent to the combination position of the seedling cutter plate for cutting in a row under the conveying belt of the seedlings.
  • the seedling cutter plate combination cuts the seedling plates with cutting grooves in the longitudinal direction into individual pieces one by one, and sends them to the seedling division part through the left and right guide grids.
  • the 14 seedling division belts are used to branch to both sides at the same time.
  • a single pot seedling Driven by the seedling separation belt, when it runs to the end of the driven pulley, it falls into the planting and standing seedling tube below, and through the spiral force, the seedlings are planted and erected in the paddy field. Through the experiment, the seedlings were thrown into the field without falling and floating seedlings, and the seedling throwing efficiency reached 10 mu/hour.

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  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

提供了一种适于可降解秧盘的气力式有序抛秧机和抛秧方法。该装置包括抛秧机底盘（1）、秧箱（506）、变速箱（3）、送秧皮带（504）、取苗部件（5）、分苗部件（6）、风机（2）、分配器（4）、定植立苗管（7）、抛秧机动力输出轴（101）和抛秧机机架（102）。水稻钵体苗被整盘精准放到秧箱（506）上，经送秧皮带（504）整排送至取苗部件（5），经取苗部件（5）整排取苗后，每排钵体苗被分割成若干个单独钵体苗，并被整排送至分苗部件（6），在分苗部件（6）作用下，整排单独的钵体苗按预定行距被精准分成若干行，然后落入各行下方的定植立苗管（7）中，定植立苗管（7）轴向通有多个螺旋气流，单独的钵体苗在重力和螺旋气流的作用下有序定植立于水田中，如此循环。该机构简单、作业效率高、无需秧盘回收、取苗精准无伤苗，可适用于可降解秧盘育苗的钵体苗移栽。

Description

一种适于可降解秧盘的气力式有序抛秧机和抛秧方法 技术领域
本发明属于移栽机械领域，具体涉及一种抛秧技术。
背景技术
水稻是我国主要农作物之一。目前水稻种植分为直播和移栽两种形式，其中移栽有插秧和抛秧两种方式。因抛秧种植方式具有植伤轻、返青快、分蘖早以及稳产高产的特点，所以得到推广应用。目前传统的抛秧方式主要以人工为主，存在劳动强度大、效率低、秧苗间行株距无法保证，整体规整度较差，不利于对秧苗的生长以及后期田间管理。现有抛秧机结构复杂，效率低，带盘移栽时存在秧盘回收困难的问题，立苗性差，另外取苗机构多为顶出式和拔取式，顶出式取苗通过顶杆机构将秧苗顶出，然后进入送苗投苗机构，这种方式取苗环节多、机构繁琐、可靠性低、育苗要求高、易损伤秧苗根系和土壤结构；拔取式取苗通过回转机构将秧苗拔出，然后进行送苗投苗环节，这种方式回转机构复杂、可靠性低、易损伤秧苗根茎部不利于后期活棵返青，取苗后的分苗环节结构复杂、效率低、行距无法任意调节、且调节复杂、可靠性差，无法实现高速精准栽植，且秧苗分成单体进行投苗环节时，投苗方式完全靠自重落到田里，秧苗直立性差，无法控制栽植深度。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供抛秧一种适于可降解秧盘的气力式有序抛秧机和抛秧方法，以实现结构简单、制造成本低、可靠性高、取苗效率高且对钵苗无损伤、行距控制精准、定植立苗效果好的气力式有序抛秧，解决现有抛秧机具取苗机构复杂、精准度不高、易伤苗，分苗稳定性不足、行距难以准确控制、立苗效果差、栽深不稳定的技术难题。
为了解决以上技术问题，本发明采用的具体技术方案如下。
一种适于可降解秧盘的气力式有序抛秧机，包括抛秧机底盘(1)、变速箱(3)、取苗部件(5)、分苗部件(6)、风机(2)、分配器(4)、定植立苗管(7)、抛秧机动力输出轴(101)和抛秧机机架(102)；抛秧机动力输出轴(101)通过变速箱(3)为取苗部件(5)和分苗部件(6)提供动力，变速箱(3)包括变速箱第一输出轴(301)和变速箱第二输出轴(302)，
所述取苗部件(5)包括：取苗部件机架(501)、取苗部件主动带轮(502)、取苗部件从动带轮(503)、送秧皮带(504)、驱动齿轮(505)、秧箱(506)、秧盘限位板(507)、取苗刀盘组合(508)、秧苗限位调姿板(522)、带座轴承(509)和带座轴承安装板(525)；
所述取苗部件机架(501)安装在抛秧机机架(102)上；所述取苗部件主动带轮(502)、秧苗限位调姿板(522)、取苗刀盘组合(508)、驱动齿轮(505)、取苗部件从动带轮(503)、秧箱(506)依次安装在取苗部件机架(501)上；
所述取苗部件(5)的动力输入端通过变速箱(3)与抛秧机动力输出轴(101)相连；
所述秧箱(506)上面固定连接有秧盘限位板(507)；秧盘置于秧盘限位板(507)上方，秧盘限位板(507)位于秧盘钵体下方的间隙内，以防秧盘移送过程中左右移动，秧盘为可降解秧盘；秧箱(506)位于送秧皮带(504)上，送秧皮带(504)连接取苗部件主动带轮(502)和取苗部件从动带轮(503)；送秧皮带(504)的数量等于作业行数，各送秧皮带(504)彼此独立并行；
所述取苗部件主动带轮(502)固结在带座轴承(509)上，带座轴承(509)连接带座轴承安装板(525)固定在取苗部件机架(501)上方，取苗部件主动带轮(502)近变速箱一端固结有第一齿轮(510)和第二链轮(511)；第二链轮(511)为双排链轮，经第一链条(512)连接第一链轮(513)沿顺时针方向匀速转动；所述第一链轮(513)固定在变速箱第一输出轴(301)上，通过变速箱(3)与抛秧机动力输出轴(101)相连；
所述第一齿轮(510)与第二齿轮(514)相啮合，第一齿轮(510)随取苗部件主动带轮(502)沿顺时针方向匀速旋转；所述第二齿轮(514)固结在取苗刀盘组合(508)右侧；
所述取苗刀盘组合(508)包括：取苗刀盘组合驱动轴(515)、取苗刀盘组合限位螺母(516)、切割刀片(517)和刀片限位隔套(518)；N个切割刀片(517)经刀片限位隔套(518)和取苗刀盘组合限位螺母(516)等距离固定在取苗刀盘组合驱动轴(515)上；所述的距离与秧盘横向相邻两穴间距相等；秧盘横向苗钵个数为M，切割刀片(517)的个数N＝M-1；
所述取苗刀盘组合(508)下方安装有左导向格栅(523)和右导向格栅(524)；切割刀片(517)的刃口边缘超出秧盘顶部，每相邻两送秧皮带(504)中间均布置一切割刀片(517)；
所述左导向格栅(523)和右导向格栅(524)均固定在分苗部件(6)上；
所述分苗部件(6)包括：左分苗部件I(601)、左分苗部件II(602)、右分苗部件II(603)、右分苗部件I(604)；所述左分苗部件I(601)和左分苗部件II(602)由左活动销轴(605)和左固定销轴(606)连接，左分苗部件I(601)可绕左固定销轴(606)旋转向上折叠；右分苗部件I(604)和右分苗部件II(603)由右活动销轴(607)和右固定销轴(608)连接，右分苗部件I(604)可绕右固定销轴(608)旋转向上折叠；
所述左分苗部件I(601)包括：分苗机构左安装架I(609)、2M 1个带座轴承(610)、2M 1个带座轴承安装板(611)、M 1个分苗带(612)、M 1个从动带轮(613)；所述左分苗部件II(602)包括分苗机构左安装架II(614)、左固定销轴(606)、2M 2个带座轴承(610)、2M 2个带座轴承 安装板(611)、M 2个分苗带(612)、左主动带轮(615)、M 2个从动带轮(613)；所述右分苗部件I(604)和右分苗部件II(603)的结构分别与左分苗部件I(601)和左分苗部件II(602)结构相同；M 1+M 2＝M/2；各分苗带(612)彼此独立；
所述左分苗部件II(602)通过分苗部件左安装架II(614)安装在抛秧机机架(102)上，上方连接取苗部件(5)；
所述左主动带轮(615)两端分别通过带座轴承(610)固定在分苗部件左安装架II(614)上；所述从动带轮(613)通过分苗带(612)连接左主动带轮(615)；从动带轮(613)两端分别连接带座轴承(610)，固定在带座轴承安装板(611)上；所述带座轴承安装板(611)等距离安装在分苗机构左安装架II(614)上；
所述右分苗部件II(603)与左分苗部件II(602)结构相同，通过分苗机构部件右安装架II(616)安装在抛秧机机架(102)上；右分苗部件II(603)错位于左分苗部件II(602)的斜上方，以保证所有相邻分苗带(612)之间纵向(抛秧机前进方向)距离等于秧盘横向相邻钵体间距，同时确保将所有从动带轮(613)正投影时，相邻投影之间横向间距与要求的秧苗行距L相等；
所述左主动带轮(615)和右主动带轮(617)分别通过联轴器与变速箱第一输出轴(302)和变速箱第二输出轴(301)相连；
左分苗导向格栅I(618)固定于分苗部件左安装架I(609)上，左分苗导向格栅II(619)固定于分苗部件左安装架II(614)上，右分苗导向格栅I(620)固定于分苗机构右安装架I(622)上，右分苗导向格栅II(621)固定于分苗部件左安装架II(616)上；各分苗导向格栅均分别位于对应的分苗带(612)正上方；
所述从动带轮(613)下方均对应固定有一个定植立苗管(7)；
所述每个定植立苗管(7)包括B个外凸的进气管(703)、一个位于定植立苗管(7)顶端的入苗口(701)和一个位于定植立苗管(7)底端的出苗口(702)；定植立苗管(7)为上下贯通的圆柱型通体，入苗口(701)和出苗口(702)上下位置对应；入苗口(701)为上大下小的喇叭口状；出苗口(702)的内径大于秧苗钵体外径10-20mm；进气管(703)与定植立苗管(7)的轴线上夹角为40-45度；进气管(703)与定植立苗管(7)相通，相通连接处距定植立苗管(7)入口的距离为1/3定植立苗管(7)高度；B大于等于2；
所述定植立苗管(7)的进气管(703)通过软管密封连接于分配器(4)的分配器出口(402)；
所述分配器(4)包括一个分配器入口(401)和K个分配器出口(402)，分配器入口(401)密封连与风机(2)出气口处；K＝M*B。
所述秧盘由可降解材料制备而得；秧盘的纵向相邻钵体的上表面连接处设有专用横向 切缝。
所述变速箱(3)内含有一对伞齿轮和一对相互啮合的相同正齿轮，一对伞齿轮用以对抛秧机原有输出起转向作用，以满足取苗部件动力输送的位置需求；所述变速箱内设有一对相互啮合的相同正齿轮，使变速箱第一输出轴(301)和变速箱第二输出轴(302)沿相反方向等速转动，使两侧分苗带(612)沿横向反方向运行。
所述切割刀片(517)双面开刃，刃口长度10-20mm，切割刀片(517)的刃口边缘超出秧盘顶部5-10mm，便于切割纵向输送的秧盘。
所述分苗机构左安装架I(609)上固定有左分苗限位格栅I(628)，分苗机构左安装架II(614)上固定有左分苗限位格栅II(619)、分苗机构右安装架I(622)上固定有右分苗限位格栅I(620)、分苗机构右安装架II(616)上固定有右分苗限位格栅II(621)；
左分苗限位格栅I(618)、左分苗限位格栅II(619)、右分苗限位格栅I(620)、右分苗限位格栅II(621)均各自与正下方的分苗带(612)一一对应，防止分苗过程中秧苗窜位至相邻分苗带(612)上。
所述的B个外凸进气管(703)沿定植立苗管(7)周向均匀分布：B个外凸进气管(703)的轴线相对于定植立苗管(7)的轴线呈偏心布置，以便形成螺旋气流，向下加速定植立苗。
一种适于可降解秧盘的气力式有序抛秧方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：
步骤一，整盘精确送秧：将带有待取穴盘苗的秧盘置于秧箱(506)上的秧盘限位板(507)上，在多组送秧皮带(504)带动下，将秧盘精确送至取苗刀盘组合(508)的工作位置，每一列钵体位置均与下方的送秧皮带(504)位置一一对应；
步骤二，整排无伤取秧：N个切割刀片(517)同时精准切割，一次性高速无损伤取出整排秧苗，取出的整排秧苗彼此成为单体；切割刀片(517)的个数N＝M-1，M为秧盘横向苗钵个数；
步骤三，整排精准送秧：所述单体经送秧皮带(504)精准送至秧苗限位调姿板(522)，单体通过秧苗限位调姿板(522)的限位调姿，确保秧苗以正确的姿态进入分苗部件(6)；
步骤四，整排精准导入：秧苗经秧苗限位调姿板(522)限位调姿后，使整排各穴秧苗同时分别置于左导向格栅(523)和右导向格栅(524)内，经导向作用后，整排分散的秧苗单体分别落入下方与之对应的分苗带(612)上；
步骤五，高效等距分行：变速箱(3)同时带动所有分苗带(612)沿横向传动，从而带动分苗带(612)上的秧苗实现等距整排横向分苗，各秧苗依规定间距落入定植立苗管(7)，以备定植立苗；
步骤六，气力定植立苗：秧苗落入定植立苗管(7)后，在重力和螺旋气力的双重作用下，沿定植立苗管(7)正向垂直下落，精准定植于水田中；
各所述步骤为连续循环作业。
本发明的工作过程如下：启动抛秧机，开启风机(2)将整盘秧带可降解秧盘喂入秧箱(506)上，秧盘在重力和送秧皮带(504)的双重作用下，精准送至取苗部件(5)，取苗部件(5)中的取苗刀盘组合(508)精准的将秧盘整排的切割成整排的钵体苗单体，经秧苗限位调姿板(522)的限位调姿后，送至下方的分苗部件(6)，通过多跟分苗带(612)将整排切割后的钵体苗单体高速分送至各行，在分苗带(612)的匀速传动中，落入下方的定植立苗管(7)中，通过定植立苗管(7)的螺旋气力加速，定植立苗于水田中。
本发明具有有益效果。本发明的抛秧机基于可降解材质秧盘，移栽时带盘入泥，无秧盘回收装置，有效提高了作业效率。移栽时取苗部件通过取苗刀盘组合，整排切盘取苗，秧盘无需横向移送，降低了取苗部件的复杂性、提高了取苗的精准性，同时取苗部件作用于秧盘，与秧苗无接触，从根本上解决了取苗伤秧问题；本发明的分苗部件可适于所有整排取苗方式的精准高速分行，行距可根据不同种植农艺要求调节，解决了现有抛秧技术的无序性；本发明的定植立苗管，采用螺旋气力加速定植立苗，解决了现有机具靠秧苗自重落入田中易倒秧漂秧的问题。
附图说明
图1为本发明上层降解盘模型示意图。
图2为本发明衬盘模型示意图。
图3为本发明两盘叠合模型示意图。
图4为本发明切割后穴盘单体结构示意图。
图5为本发明单株秧苗示意图。
图6为本发明抛秧机结构示意图。
图7为本发明抛秧机结构主视图。
图8为本发明取苗部件结构示意图。
图9为本发明取苗刀盘组合结构示意图。
图10为本发明分苗部件位置示意图。
图11为本发明分苗部件结构示意图。
图12为本发明分苗带位置示意图。
图13为本发明定植立苗管结构示意图。
图14为本发明分配器结构示意图。
图中：1抛秧机底盘 2风机 3变速箱 4分配器 5取苗部件 6分苗部件 7定植立苗管 101抛秧机动力输出轴 102抛秧机机架 301变速箱第一输出轴 302变速箱第二输出轴 401分配器入口 402分配器出口 501取苗部件机架 502取苗部件主动带轮 503取苗部件从动带轮 504送秧皮带 505驱动齿轮 506秧箱 507秧盘限位板 508取苗刀盘组合 509带座轴承 510第一齿轮 511第二链轮 512第一链条 513第一链轮 514第二齿轮 515取苗刀盘组合驱动轴 516取苗刀盘组合限位螺母 517切割刀片 518刀片限位隔套 519第二链条 520第三链轮 521驱动齿轮 522秧苗限位调姿板 523左导向格栅 524右导向格栅 525带座轴承安装板 601左分苗部件I 602左分苗部件II 603右分苗部件II 604右分苗部件I 605左活动销轴 606左固定销轴 607右活动销轴 608右固定销轴 609分苗机构左安装架I 610带座轴承 611带座轴承安装板 612分苗带 613从动带轮 614分苗机构左安装架II 615左主动带轮 616分苗机构部件右安装架II 617右主动带轮 618左分苗导向格栅I 619左分苗导向格栅II 620右分苗导向格栅I 621右分苗导向格栅II 622分苗机构右安装架I 701入苗口 702出苗口 703进气管
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例，对本发明的技术方案做进一步详细说明。
本发明的抛秧机适于的可降解秧盘如图1、图2、图3所示，其中：图1为上层降解盘示意图，图2为衬盘示意图，图3为两盘叠合使用示意图，育苗时两个叠合使用，移栽时，揭去下层衬盘，上层降解盘带苗放置抛秧机秧箱上经整排切割取苗后，穴盘单体结构如图4所示，单株秧苗结构如图5所示。
本发明的抛秧机结构如图6所示，包括：抛秧机底盘1、风机2、变速箱3、分配器4、取苗部件5、分苗部件6、定植立苗管7。如图7所示，分苗部件6固结在抛秧机机架102上，动力由抛秧机动力输出轴101通过变速箱3传出；取苗部件5通过取苗部件机架501连接分苗部件6和抛秧机机架102。取苗部件结构如图8所示，包括取苗部件主动带轮502、取苗部件从动带轮503、送秧皮带504、秧箱506、秧盘限位板507、取苗刀盘组合508等，其中：取苗刀盘组合508结构如图9所示，包括：取苗刀盘组合驱动轴515、取苗刀盘组合限位螺母516、切割刀片517和刀片限位隔套518；多个切割刀片517经刀片限位隔套518等距离固定在取苗刀盘组合驱动轴515上，取苗刀盘组合驱动轴一段由台阶限位，另一端由取苗刀盘组合限位螺母516锁止限位。
如图10所示，移栽时，秧盘经送秧皮带504将秧盘通过秧盘限位板507精准送至取苗刀盘组合508，整排取苗后通过秧苗限位调姿板522调姿后，由左导向格栅523和右导向格栅524将分割成单体的钵体苗导向送至分苗部件6。
分苗部件6结构如图11所示，包括：左分苗部件I601、左分苗部件II602、右分苗部件II603和右分苗部件I604、带座轴承610、分苗带612、从动带轮613和右主动带轮617等，其中：左分苗部件I601和右分苗部件I604均可向上折叠；左主动带轮615和右主动带轮617分别通过联轴器与变速箱第一输出轴302和变速箱第二输出轴301相连，带动分苗带612等速反向转动。
分苗带612位置如图12所示，各分苗带12纵向位置与秧盘横向钵体位置一一对应，便于整排切割取苗的钵体苗精准落到分苗带612上，分苗带612横向间距离等于秧苗种植行距。整排切割取苗后的钵体苗通过分苗带612的高速有序分行，将单体的钵体苗送至下方的定植立苗管7。
定植立苗管7结构如图13所示，包括顶端的一个入苗口701和底端的一个出苗口702以及周向均匀分布的多个进气管703，各进气管703的轴线和定植立苗管7的轴线均不在同一平面上，以便形成螺旋气流，进气管703通过软管连接分配器4。
分配器结构如图14所示，包括一个分配器入口401和多个分配器出口402，分配器入口401密封连与风机2出气口处，当风机2启动时，通过螺旋气力的加速，将单体的钵体苗有序定植立苗于水田中。
抛秧过程
步骤一，整盘精确送秧：将带有待取穴盘苗的秧盘置于秧箱506上的秧盘限位板507上，在多组送秧皮带504带动下，将秧盘精确送至取苗刀盘组合508的工作位置，每一列钵体位置均与下方的送秧皮带504位置一一对应；
步骤二，整排无伤取秧：13个切割刀片517同时精准切割，一次性高速无损伤取出整排秧苗，取出的整排秧苗彼此成为单体；其中秧盘横向苗钵数为14个；
步骤三，整排精准送秧：所述单体经送秧皮带504精准送至秧苗限位调姿板522，单体通过秧苗限位调姿板522的限位调姿，确保秧苗以正确的姿态进入分苗部件6；
步骤四，整排精准导入：秧苗经秧苗限位调姿板522限位调姿后，使整排各穴秧苗同时分别置于左导向格栅523和右导向格栅524内，经导向作用后，整排分散的秧苗单体分别落入下方与之对应的分苗带612上；
步骤五，高效等距分行：变速箱3同时带动所有分苗带612沿横向传动，从而带动分 苗带612上的秧苗实现等距整排横向分苗，各秧苗依规定间距落入定植立苗管7，以备定植立苗；
步骤六，气力定植立苗：秧苗落入定植立苗管7后，在重力和螺旋气力的双重作用下，沿定植立苗管7正向垂直下落，精准定植于水田中；如此循环。
田间试验
2019年在江苏省常州市远播机械有限公司试制加工本发明抛秧机，抛秧机行数为14行，行距25cm，作业幅宽3.5m。抛秧机底盘为洋马乘坐式插秧机底盘，分配器包括1个入口和28个出口，定植立苗管包括1个入苗口、1个出苗口和2个进气管。并与6月18日在溧阳市利用本发明的抛秧机进行田间试验，试验用苗为秧龄18天的水稻钵体苗，育秧盘为双层可降解秧盘，其中上盘预先留有切割槽，秧盘规格为横向14穴，纵向28穴。抛秧时，配备1个抛秧机手和2个装秧手，机具下田，开至指定位置，开启风机，装秧手撕去育苗盘衬盘，将上层可降解盘放置秧箱上，机具前进，挂挡至插秧位置，插秧机动力输出轴驱动分苗部件和取苗部件运转，整盘秧苗沿秧箱，在送秧皮带的输送下已送至取苗刀盘组合位置整排切割，取苗刀盘组合逐排将纵向预留有切割槽的秧盘切割成单体，并经左右左导向格栅送至分苗部件，通过14根分苗带向两边同时分行，单个钵体苗在分苗带的带动下，运转至从动带轮端时，落入下方的定植立苗管中，通过螺旋气力，定植立苗于水田中。通过试验，秧苗抛入田中，无倒秧漂秧现象，抛秧效率达10亩/小时。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种适于可降解秧盘的气力式有序抛秧机，其特征在于包括：抛秧机底盘(1)、变速箱(3)、取苗部件(5)、分苗部件(6)、风机(2)、分配器(4)、定植立苗管(7)、抛秧机动力输出轴(101)和抛秧机机架(102)；抛秧机动力输出轴(101)通过变速箱(3)为取苗部件(5)和分苗部件(6)提供动力，变速箱(3)包括变速箱第一输出轴(301)和变速箱第二输出轴(302)，
    所述取苗部件(5)包括：取苗部件机架(501)、取苗部件主动带轮(502)、取苗部件从动带轮(503)、送秧皮带(504)、驱动齿轮(505)、秧箱(506)、秧盘限位板(507)、取苗刀盘组合(508)、秧苗限位调姿板(522)、带座轴承(509)和带座轴承安装板(525)；
    所述取苗部件机架(501)安装在抛秧机机架(102)上；所述取苗部件主动带轮(502)、秧苗限位调姿板(522)、取苗刀盘组合(508)、驱动齿轮(505)、取苗部件从动带轮(503)、秧箱(506)依次安装在取苗部件机架(501)上；
    所述取苗部件(5)的动力输入端通过变速箱(3)与抛秧机动力输出轴(101)相连；
    所述秧箱(506)上面固定连接有秧盘限位板(507)；秧盘置于秧盘限位板(507)上方，秧盘限位板(507)位于秧盘钵体下方的间隙内，以防秧盘移送过程中左右移动，秧盘为可降解秧盘；秧箱(506)位于送秧皮带(504)上，送秧皮带(504)连接取苗部件主动带轮(502)和取苗部件从动带轮(503)；送秧皮带(504)的数量等于作业行数，各送秧皮带(504)彼此独立并行；
    所述取苗部件主动带轮(502)固结在带座轴承(509)上，带座轴承(509)连接带座轴承安装板(525)固定在取苗部件机架(501)上方，取苗部件主动带轮(502)近变速箱一端固结有第一齿轮(510)和第二链轮(511)；第二链轮(511)为双排链轮，经第一链条(512)连接第一链轮(513)沿顺时针方向匀速转动；所述第一链轮(513)固定在变速箱第一输出轴(301)上，通过变速箱(3)与抛秧机动力输出轴(101)相连；
    所述第一齿轮(510)与第二齿轮(514)相啮合，第一齿轮(510)随取苗部件主动带轮(502)沿顺时针方向匀速旋转；所述第二齿轮(514)固结在取苗刀盘组合(508)右侧；
    所述取苗刀盘组合(508)包括：取苗刀盘组合驱动轴(515)、取苗刀盘组合限位螺母(516)、切割刀片(517)和刀片限位隔套(518)；N个切割刀片(517)经刀片限位隔套(518)和取苗刀盘组合限位螺母(516)等距离固定在取苗刀盘组合驱动轴(515)上；所述的距离与秧盘横向相邻两穴间距相等；秧盘横向苗钵个数为M，切割刀片(517)的个数N＝M-1；
    所述取苗刀盘组合(508)下方安装有左导向格栅(523)和右导向格栅(524)；切割刀片(517)的刃口边缘超出秧盘顶部，每相邻两送秧皮带(504)中间均布置一切割刀片(517)；
    所述左导向格栅(523)和右导向格栅(524)均固定在分苗部件(6)上；
    所述分苗部件(6)包括：左分苗部件I(601)、左分苗部件II(602)、右分苗部件II(603)、右分苗部件I(604)；所述左分苗部件I(601)和左分苗部件II(602)由左活动销轴(605)和左固定销轴(606)连接，左分苗部件I(601)可绕左固定销轴(606)旋转向上折叠；右分苗部件I(604)和右分苗部件II(603)由右活动销轴(607)和右固定销轴(608)连接，右分苗部件I(604)可绕右固定销轴(608)旋转向上折叠；
    所述左分苗部件I(601)包括：分苗机构左安装架I(609)、2M 1个带座轴承(610)、2M 1个带座轴承安装板(611)、M 1个分苗带(612)、M 1个从动带轮(613)；所述左分苗部件II(602)包括分苗机构左安装架II(614)、左固定销轴(606)、2M 2个带座轴承(610)、2M 2个带座轴承安装板(611)、M 2个分苗带(612)、左主动带轮(615)、M 2个从动带轮(613)；所述右分苗部件I(604)和右分苗部件II(603)的结构分别与左分苗部件I(601)和左分苗部件II(602)结构相同；M 1+M 2＝M/2；各分苗带(612)彼此独立；
    所述左分苗部件II(602)通过分苗部件左安装架II(614)安装在抛秧机机架(102)上，上方连接取苗部件(5)；
    所述左主动带轮(615)两端分别通过带座轴承(610)固定在分苗部件左安装架II(614)上；所述从动带轮(613)通过分苗带(612)连接左主动带轮(615)；从动带轮(613)两端分别连接带座轴承(610)，固定在带座轴承安装板(611)上；所述带座轴承安装板(611)等距离安装在分苗机构左安装架II(614)上；
    所述右分苗部件II(603)与左分苗部件II(602)结构相同，通过分苗机构部件右安装架II(616)安装在抛秧机机架(102)上；右分苗部件II(603)错位于左分苗部件II(602)的斜上方，以保证所有相邻分苗带(612)之间纵向(抛秧机前进方向)距离等于秧盘横向相邻钵体间距，同时确保将所有从动带轮(613)正投影时，相邻投影之间横向间距与要求的秧苗行距L相等；
    所述左主动带轮(615)和右主动带轮(617)分别通过联轴器与变速箱第一输出轴(302)和变速箱第二输出轴(301)相连；
    左分苗导向格栅I(618)固定于分苗部件左安装架I(609)上，左分苗导向格栅II(619)固定于分苗部件左安装架II(614)上，右分苗导向格栅I(620)固定于分苗机构右安装架I(622)上，右分苗导向格栅II(621)固定于分苗部件左安装架II(616)上；各分苗导向格栅均分别位于对应的分苗带(612)正上方；
    所述从动带轮(613)下方均对应固定有一个定植立苗管(7)；
    所述每个定植立苗管(7)包括B个外凸的进气管(703)、一个位于定植立苗管(7)顶端的入 苗口(701)和一个位于定植立苗管(7)底端的出苗口(702)；定植立苗管(7)为上下贯通的圆柱型通体，入苗口(701)和出苗口(702)上下位置对应；入苗口(701)为上大下小的喇叭口状；出苗口(702)的内径大于秧苗钵体外径10-20mm；进气管(703)与定植立苗管(7)的轴线上夹角为40-45度；进气管(703)与定植立苗管(7)相通，相通连接处距定植立苗管(7)入口的距离为1/3定植立苗管(7)高度；B大于等于2；
    所述定植立苗管(7)的进气管(703)通过软管密封连接于分配器(4)的分配器出口(402)；
    所述分配器(4)包括一个分配器入口(401)和K个分配器出口(402)，分配器入口(401)密封连与风机(2)出气口处；K＝M*B。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种适于可降解秧盘的气力式有序抛秧机，其特征在于：所述秧盘由可降解材料制备而得；秧盘的纵向相邻钵体的上表面连接处设有专用横向切缝。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种适于可降解秧盘的气力式有序抛秧机，其特征在于：所述变速箱(3)内含有一对伞齿轮和一对相互啮合的相同正齿轮，一对伞齿轮用以对抛秧机原有输出起转向作用，以满足取苗部件动力输送的位置需求；所述变速箱内设有一对相互啮合的相同正齿轮，使变速箱第一输出轴(301)和变速箱第二输出轴(302)沿相反方向等速转动，使两侧分苗带(612)沿横向反方向运行。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种适于可降解秧盘的气力式有序抛秧机，其特征在于：所述切割刀片(517)双面开刃，刃口长度10-20mm，切割刀片(517)的刃口边缘超出秧盘顶部5-10mm，便于切割纵向输送的秧盘。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种适于可降解秧盘的气力式有序抛秧机，其特征在于：
    所述分苗机构左安装架I(609)上固定有左分苗限位格栅I(628)，分苗机构左安装架II(614)上固定有左分苗限位格栅II(619)、分苗机构右安装架I(622)上固定有右分苗限位格栅I(620)、分苗机构右安装架II(616)上固定有右分苗限位格栅II(621)；
    左分苗限位格栅I(618)、左分苗限位格栅II(619)、右分苗限位格栅I(620)、右分苗限位格栅II(621)均各自与正下方的分苗带(612)一一对应，防止分苗过程中秧苗窜位至相邻分苗带(612)上。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种适于可降解秧盘的气力式有序抛秧机，其特征在于所述的B个外凸进气管(703)沿定植立苗管(7)周向均匀分布：B个外凸进气管(703)的轴线相对于定植立苗管(7)的轴线呈偏心布置，以便形成螺旋气流，向下加速定植立苗。
  7. 权利要求1-6所述的任一种适于可降解秧盘的气力式有序抛秧机的抛秧方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：
    步骤一，整盘精确送秧：将带有待取穴盘苗的秧盘置于秧箱(506)上的秧盘限位板(507)上，在多组送秧皮带(504)带动下，将秧盘精确送至取苗刀盘组合(508)的工作位置，每一列钵体位置均与下方的送秧皮带(504)位置一一对应；
    步骤二，整排无伤取秧：N个切割刀片(517)同时精准切割，一次性高速无损伤取出整排秧苗，取出的整排秧苗彼此成为单体；切割刀片(517)的个数N＝M-1，M为秧盘横向苗钵个数；
    步骤三，整排精准送秧：所述单体经送秧皮带(504)精准送至秧苗限位调姿板(522)，单体通过秧苗限位调姿板(522)的限位调姿，确保秧苗以正确的姿态进入分苗部件(6)；
    步骤四，整排精准导入：秧苗经秧苗限位调姿板(522)限位调姿后，使整排各穴秧苗同时分别置于左导向格栅(523)和右导向格栅(524)内，经导向作用后，整排分散的秧苗单体分别落入下方与之对应的分苗带(612)上；
    步骤五，高效等距分行：变速箱(3)同时带动所有分苗带(612)沿横向传动，从而带动分苗带(612)上的秧苗实现等距整排横向分苗，各秧苗依规定间距落入定植立苗管(7)，以备定植立苗；
    步骤六，气力定植立苗：秧苗落入定植立苗管(7)后，在重力和螺旋气力的双重作用下，沿定植立苗管(7)正向垂直下落，精准定植于水田中；
    各所述步骤为连续循环作业。
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