AU2020397138B2 - Pneumatic orderly-operated seedling throwing machine suitable for degradable seedling tray, and seedling throwing method - Google Patents
Pneumatic orderly-operated seedling throwing machine suitable for degradable seedling tray, and seedling throwing method Download PDFInfo
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- AU2020397138B2 AU2020397138B2 AU2020397138A AU2020397138A AU2020397138B2 AU 2020397138 B2 AU2020397138 B2 AU 2020397138B2 AU 2020397138 A AU2020397138 A AU 2020397138A AU 2020397138 A AU2020397138 A AU 2020397138A AU 2020397138 B2 AU2020397138 B2 AU 2020397138B2
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C11/00—Transplanting machines
- A01C11/003—Transplanting machines for aquatic plants; for planting underwater, e.g. rice
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C11/00—Transplanting machines
- A01C11/006—Other parts or details or planting machines
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Transplanting Machines (AREA)
Abstract
Provided are a pneumatic orderly-operated seedling throwing machine suitable for a degradable seedling tray, and a seedling throwing method. The device comprises a seedling throwing machine chassis (1), a seedling box (506), a gearbox (3), a seedling conveying belt (504), a seedling pick-up component (5), a seedling sorting component (6), a fan (2), a distributor (4), a planting and standing pipe (7), a seedling throwing machine power output shaft (101), and a seedling throwing machine rack (102). The rice pot seedlings are placed precisely on the seedling box (506) in a full tray, and are conveyed by the seedling conveying belt (504) to the seedling pick-up component (5) in rows; after the seedlings are picked up by the seedling pick-up component (5) in rows, each row of pot seedlings is divided into several separate pot seedlings, and the whole row is conveyed to the seedling sorting component (6); under the action of the seedling sorting component (6), the whole row of separate pot seedlings is precisely divided into several lines at predetermined line spacing, and then the pot seedlings fall into the planting and standing pipes (7) below respective lines; a plurality of spiral airflows are introduced into the planting and standing pipes (7) in an axial direction, the separate pot seedlings are orderly planted and stood in the paddy field under the action of gravity and the spiral airflows, and such operations are performed circularly. The present invention has a simple mechanism and a high operation efficiency, does not need to recycle the seedling tray, and allows for precise pick-up of seedlings without damaging the seedlings, being suitable for the transplanting of pot seedlings grown in a degradable seedling tray.
Description
[0001] 1. Technical Field
[0002] The invention belongs to the field of transplanters, and particularly relates to a
seedling throwing technique.
[0003] 2. Description of Related Art
[0004] Rice is one of the staple crops in China and is planted by direct seedling and
transplanting at present, wherein transplanting includes seedling transplanting and seedling
throwing. Seedling throwing has been widely used and promoted because of its features of
minor transplanting injuries, fast reviving, early tillering, and high and stable yield.
Traditional seedling throwing methods are typically manual and have the disadvantages of
high labor intensity, low efficiency, incapableness of guaranteeing the row spacing of
seedlings, poor overall regularity, and adverse influences on the growth of seedlings and later
field management. Existing seedling-throwing machines are complicated in structure and low
in efficiency, seedling trays are difficult to retrieve during transplanting, and the seedling
erection performance is unsatisfying. In addition, most seedling pick-up mechanisms are of an
ejection type or a pulling type. Wherein, the ejection-type seedling pick-up mechanism ejects
seedlings out by means of an ejection rod, and then the seedlings enter a seedling conveying
and launching mechanism; however, the ejection-type seedling pick-up mechanism involves
too many seedling pick-up steps, is complicated, low in reliability and high in seedling
cultivation requirement, and may damage the root system of seedlings and the soil structure.
The pulling-type seedling pick-up mechanism pulls seedlings out by means of a rotating
mechanism, and then the seedlings are conveyed and launched; however, the rotating
mechanism is complicated and low in reliability and may damage the rootstock of seedlings, which is not beneficial to later reviving of survival seedlings; in the seedling separation process after seedling pick-up, the structure is complicated, the efficiency is low, the row spacing cannot be adjusted freely, adjustment is difficult, the reliability is poor, and high-speed accurate transplanting cannot be realized; and when seedlings are separated to be launched one by one, the seedlings fall into the field completely by self-gravity, so the seedling erection performance is unsatisfying, and the planting depth cannot be controlled.
[0005] In one aspect, there is provided a pneumatic ordered seedling throwing
machine suitable for a degradable seedling tray comprises a seedling throwing machine
chassis (1), a gearbox (3), a seedling pick-up component (5), a seedling separation component
(6), a fan (2), a distributor (4), field planting and seedling erecting pipes (7), a power output
shaft (101) of the seedling throwing machine, and a seedling throwing machine frame (102),
wherein the power output shaft (101) of the seedling throwing machine supplies power to the
seedling pick-up component (5) and the seedling separation component (6) through the
gearbox (3), and the gearbox (3) comprises a first output shaft (301) of the gearbox and a
second output shaft (302) of the gearbox;
[0006] The seedling pick-up component (5) comprises: a seedling pick-up component
frame (501), a seedling pick-up component driving pulley (502), a seedling pick-up
component driven pulley (503), seedling conveying belts (504), a driving gear (505), a
seedling box (506), seedling tray limiting plates (507), a seedling pick-up cutter assembly
(508), a seedling limiting and pose adjusting plate (522), a plummer block (509), and a
plummer block mounting plate (525);
[0007] The seedling pick-up component frame (501) is mounted on the seedling
throwing machine frame (102), and the seedling pick-up component driving pulley (502), the
seedling limiting and pose adjusting plate (522), the seedling pick-up cutter assembly (508), the driving gear (505), the seedling pick-up component driven pulley (503) and the seedling box (506) are sequentially mounted on the seedling pick-up component frame (501);
[0008] A power input end of the seedling pick-up component (5) is connected to the
power output shaft (101) of the seedling throwing machine through the gearbox (3);
[0009] The seedling tray limiting plates (507) are fixedly connected to the upper
surface of the seedling box (506); a seedling tray is disposed above the seedling tray limiting
plates (507), the seedling tray limiting plates (507) are located in gaps below seedling tray
pots to prevent the seedling tray from moving leftwards or rightwards in the conveying
process, and the seedling tray is a degradable seedling tray; the seedling box (506) is located
on the seedling conveying belts (504), and the seeding pick-up component driving pulley (502)
and the seedling pick-up component driven pulley (503) are connected through the seedling
conveying belts (503); the number of the seedling conveying belts (504) is equal to the
number of rows of seedlings, and the seedling conveying belts (504) are mutually independent
and parallel;
[0010] The seedling pick-up component driving pulley (502) is fixed on the plummer
block (509), the plummer block (509) is connected to the plummer block mounting plate (525)
and is fixed above the seedling pick-up component frame (501), and a first gear (510) and a
second sprocket (511) are fixed to an end, close to the gearbox, of the seedling pick-up
component driving pulley (502); the second sprocket (511) is a double-chain sprocket, is
connected to a first sprocket (513) through a first chain (512) and rotates clockwise at a
constant speed; and the first sprocket (513) is fixed on the first output shaft (301) of the
gearbox and is connected to the power output shaft (101) of the seedling throwing machine
through the gearbox (3);
[0011] The first gear (510) is engaged with a second gear (514) and rotates clockwise
at a constant speed along with the seedling pick-up component driving pulley (502); and the
second gear (514) is fixed on the right side of the seedling pick-up cutter assembly (508);
[0012] The seedling pick-up cutter assembly (508) comprises: a seedling pick-up
cutter assembly driving shaft (515), a seedling pick-up cutter assembly stop nut (516), a
number N of cutting blades (517) and blade limiting spacers (518); the N cutting blades (517)
are fixed on the seedling pick-up cutter assembly driving shaft (515) at equal intervals
through the blade limiting spacers (518) and the seedling pick-up cutter assembly stop nut
(516); the intervals are equal to the distance between every two adjacent holes in a lateral
direction of the seedling tray; and a number M of seedling pots in the lateral direction of the
seedling, and the number of the cutting blades (517) meets N=M-1;
[0013] A left guide grid (523) and a right guide grid (524) are mounted below the
seedling pick-up cutter assembly (508); and cutting edges of the cutting blades (517) stretch
out of the top of the seedling tray, and one cutting blade (517) is disposed between every two
adjacent seedling conveying belts (504);
[0014] The left guide grid (523) and the right guide grid (524) are both fixed on the
seedling separation component (6);
[0015] The seedling separation component (6) comprises: a left seedling separation
component I (601), a left seedling separation component 11 (602), a right seedling separation
component 11 (603) and a right seedling separation component I (604); the left seedling
separation component I (601) and the left seedling separation component II (602) are
connected through a left movable pin (605) and a left fixed pin (606), and the left seedling
separation component I(601) is able to rotate around the left fixed pin (606) to be folded
upwards; and the right seedling separation component I (604) and the right seedling
separation component 11(603) are connected through a right movable pin (607) and a right
fixed pin (608), and the right seedling separation component I (604) is able to rotate around
the right fixed pin (608) to be folded upwards;
[0016] The left seedling separation component I (601) comprises: a number M1 of
seedling separation belts (612) and M1 driven pulleys (613); a left seedling component mounting frame I (609), 2Mi plummer blocks (610), 2Mi plummer block mounting plates
(611), the left seedling separation component 11 (602) comprises: a number M2 of seedling
separation belts (612), and M2 driven pulleys (613); a left seedling component mounting
frame 11 (614), the left fixed pin (606), 2M 2 plummer blocks (610), 2M 2 plummer block
mounting plates (611), a left driving pulley (615) the right seedling separation component I
(604) is identical in structure with the left seedling separation component I (601), and the
right seedling separation component 11 (603) is identical in structure with the left seedling
separation component 11 (603); Ml+M2=M/2; and the seedling separation belts (612) are
mutually independent;
[0017] The left seedling separation component 11 (602) is mounted on the seedling
throwing machine frame (102) through the left seedling separation component mounting
frame 11 (614) and is upward connected to the seedling pick-up component (5);
[0018] Two ends of the left driving pulley (615) are fixed on the left seedling
separation component mounting frame 11 (614) through the plummer blocks (610); the driven
pulleys (613) are connected to the left driving pulley (615) through the seedling separation
belts (612); two ends of the driven pulleys (613) are connected to the plummer blocks (610)
respectively, and the plummer blocks (610) are fixed on the plummer block mounting plates
(611); and the plummer block mounting plates (611) are mounted on the left seedling
separation component mounting frame 11 (614) at equal intervals;
[0019] The right seedling separation component 11 (603) is identical in structure with
the left seedling separation component 11 (602) and is mounted on the seedling throwing
machine frame (102) through a right seedling separation component mounting frame11 (616);
the right seedling separation component 11 (603) is located above the left seedling separation
component 11(602) in a staggered manner, so that it is ensured that the distance between all
the adjacent seedling separation belts (612) in a longitudinal direction (the advancing
direction of the seedling throwing machine) is equal to the intervals between the adjacent pots in the lateral direction of the seedling tray and that the lateral distance between adjacent orthographic projections of all the driven pulleys (613) is equal to a required row spacing L;
[0020] The left driving pulley (615) and a right driving pulley (617) are connected to
the first output shaft (302) of the gearbox and the second output shaft (301) of the gearbox
through couplings respectively;
[0021] A left seedling separation guide grid I (618) is fixed on the left seedling
separation component mounting frame 1 (609), a left seedling separation guide grid 11 (619) is
fixed on the left seedling separation component mounting frame 11 (614), a right seedling
separation guide grid I (620) is fixed on a right seedling separation component mounting
frame 1 (622), and a right seedling separation guide grid 11 (621) is fixed on the right seedling
separation component mounting frame 11 (616); and all the seedling separation guide grids are
located exactly above the corresponding seedling separation belts (612);
[0022] One field planting and seedling erecting pipe (7) is correspondingly fixed
below each driven pulley (613);
[0023] Each field planting and seedling erecting pipe (7) comprises a number B of
convex air inlet pipes (703), a seedling inlet (701) located in the top end of the field planting
and seedling erecting pipe (7) and a seedling outlet (702) located in the bottom end of the
field planting and seedling erecting pipe (7); the field planting and seedling erecting pipe (7)
is a vertically through cylinder, and the seedling inlet (701) and the seedling outlet (702)
vertically correspond to each other in position; the seedling inlet (701) is a big-end-up flared
opening; the inner diameter of the seedling outlet (702) is 10-20mm greater than the outer
diameter of the seedling pots; the angle between each air inlet pipe (703) and the axis of the
field planting and seedling erecting pipe (7) is 40°-50°; the air inlet pipes (703) are
communicated with the field planting and seedling erecting pipe (7), and the distance from
junctions of the air inlet pipes (703) and the field planting and seedling erecting pipe (7) to the
inlet of the field planting and seedling erecting pipe (7) is one third of the height of the field planting and seedling erecting pipe (7); and B is greater than or equal to 2;
[0024] The air inlet pipes (703) of the field planting and seedling erecting pipes (7)
are connected to distributor outlets (402) of the distributor (4) in a sealed manner through
hoses;
[0025] The distributor (4) comprises a distributor inlet (401) and a number K
distributor outlets (402), and the distributor inlet (401) is connected to an air outlet of the fan
(2) in a sealed manner; K= M*B.
[0026] The seedling tray is made of a degradable material; and special lateral cutting
lines are disposed at joints of upper surfaces of the adjacent pots in the longitudinal direction
of the seedling tray.
[0027] A pair of bevel gears and a pair of identical spur gears engaged with each other
are disposed in the gearbox (3), and the pair of bevel gears is used to change the direction of
an original output of the seedling throwing machine to meet positional requirements for
power transmission of the seedling pick-up component; the pair of spur gears engaged with
each other is disposed in the gearbox to enable the first output shaft (301) of the gearbox and
the second output shaft (302) of the gearbox to rotate oppositely at a constant speed, so that
the seedling separation belts (512) on two sides are made to move laterally and oppositely.
[0028] Each cutting blade (517) has cutting edges on both sides, the length of the
cutting edges is 10-20mm, and the cutting edges of the cutting blades (517) stretch out of the
top of the seedling tray by 5-10mm to cut the seedling tray that is conveyed longitudinally.
[0029] A left seedling separation limiting grid I (628) is fixed on the left seedling
separation component mounting frame 1 (609), a left seedling separation limiting grid11 (619)
is fixed on the left seedling separation component mounting frame 11 (614), a right seedling
separation limiting grid I (620) is fixed on the right seedling separation component mounting
frame I (622), and a right seedling separation limiting grid 11 (621) is fixed on the right
seedling separation component mounting frame 11 (616);
[0030] The left seedling separation limiting grid I (628), the left seedling separation
limiting grid 11 (619), the right seedling separation limiting grid 1 (620) and the right seedling
separation limiting grid 11 (621) are in one-to-one correspondence with the seedling separation
belts (612) exactly below the left seedling separation limiting grid I (628), the left seedling
separation limiting grid 11 (619), the right seedling separation limiting grid I (620) and the
right seedling separation limiting grid II (621), so that the seedlings are prevented from
moving onto the adjacent seedling separation belt (612) in the seedling separation process.
[0031] The B convex air inlet pipes (703) are regularly distributed in a circumferential
direction of the field planting and seedling erecting pipe (7): the axes of the B convex air inlet
pipes (703) are eccentric with respect to the axis of the field planting and seedling erecting
pipe (7), so that a spiral air flow is formed to accelerate downward field planting and seedling
erecting.
[0032] A pneumatic ordered seedling throwing method suitable for a degradable
seedling tray comprises the following steps:
[0033] Step 1: accurate conveying of a whole tray of seedlings: placing a seedling tray
(506) with potted seedlings to be picked up on seedling tray limiting plates (507) on a
seedling box (506), driving and accurately conveying the seedling tray to the working position
of a seedling pick-up cutter assembly (508) by multiple seedling conveying belts (504), and
enabling each row of pots to correspond to one seedling conveying belt (504) below in
position;
[0034] Step 2: nondestructive pick-up of a whole row of seedlings: simultaneously
and accurately cutting the seedling tray by N cutting blades (517) to pick up a whole row of
seedlings rapidly and nondestructively at a time, wherein the seedlings in the whole row are
individuals, the number of the cutting blades (517) meets N=M-1, and M is the number of
seedling pots in a lateral direction of the seedling tray;
[0035] Step 3: accurate conveying of the whole row of seedlings: accurately conveying the individuals to a seedling limiting and pose adjusting plate (522) by the seedling conveying belts (504) to be limited and have their pose being adjusted by the seedling limiting and pose adjusting plate (522) to ensure that the seedlings enter a seedling separation component (6) at a proper pose;
[0036] Step 4: accurate feeding of the whole row of seedlings: after the seedlings are
limited and have their pose being adjusted by the seedling limiting and pose adjusting plate
(522), placing the whole row of seedlings into a left guide grid (523) and a right guide grid
(524), and enabling the whole row of dispersed seedlings to fall onto corresponding seedling
separation belts (612) below under the guidance of the left guide grid (523) and the right
guide grid (524);
[0037] Step 5: efficient seedling separation at equal intervals: synchronously driving
all the seedling separation belts (612) to move laterally by the gearbox (3) to drive the whole
row of seedlings on the seedling separation belts (612) to be laterally separated at equal
intervals, and enabling the seedlings to fall into field planting and seedling erecting pipes (7)
by a set interval for field planting and seedling erecting;
[0038] Step 6: pneumatic field planting and seedling erecting: after the seedlings fall
into the field planting and seedling erecting pipes (7), enabling the seedlings to fall vertically
along the field planting and seedling erecting pipes (7) under the dual effect of gravity and
spiral air to be accurately planted in a paddy field.
[0039] All these steps are performed continuously and repeatedly.
[0040] The operating process of the invention is as follows: the seedling throwing
machine is started, the fan (2) is started to feed the whole seedling tray with the degradable
seedling tray onto the seedling box (506), then the seedling tray is accurately conveyed to the
seedling pick-up component (6) under the dual effect of gravity and the seedling conveying
belts (504), the seedling pick-up cutter assembly (508) in the seedling pick-up component (5)
accurately cuts the seedling tray into potted seedling individuals row by row, the seedlings are limited and have their pose being adjusted by the seedling limiting and pose adjusting plate
(522) and are then conveyed to the seedling separation component (6) below, the potted
seedling individuals cut row by row are conveyed by the seedling conveying belts (612) to
different rows at a high speed and are driven by the seedling separation belts (612) at a
constant speed to fall into the field planting and seedling erecting pipes (7) below, and finally,
the seedlings are planted and erected in a paddy field under the acceleration effect of spiral air
of the field planting and seedling erecting pipes (7).
[0041] The invention has the following beneficial effects: the seedling throwing
machine of the invention is based on a degradable seedling tray, seedlings are transplanted
into soil together with the seedling tray, and the seedling tray does not need to be retrieved, so
that the working efficiency is effectively improved; during transplanting, the seedling pick-up
component cuts the seedling tray row by row by the seedling pick-up cutter assembly to pick
up seedlings, and the seedling tray does not need to be conveyed laterally, so that the
complexity of the seedling pick-up component is reduced, and the seedling pick-up accuracy
is improved; moreover, the seedling pick-up component acts on the seedling tray and do not
make contact with the seedlings, so that the problem of seedling injuries is solved
fundamentally; the seedling separation component can accurately and rapidly separate all the
rows of seedlings, and the row spacing can be adjusted according to different planting
requirements, so that disorderliness of existing seedling throwing techniques is avoided; and
the field planting and seedling erecting pipes of the invention accelerate field planting and
seedling erection by means of spiral air, so that the problem that seedlings thrown into the
field by existing machines by means of self-gravity may fall and drift is solved.
[0042] FIG. 1 is a model diagram of an upper degradable tray.
[0043] FIG. 2 is a model diagram of a lining tray in the invention.
[0044] FIG. 3 is a model diagram of the two trays stacked together in the invention.
[0045] FIG. 4 is a structural diagram of a tray individual obtained after cutting in the
invention.
[0046] FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a single seedling in the invention.
[0047] FIG. 6 is a structural diagram of a seedling throwing machine in the invention.
[0048] FIG. 7 is a front structural view of the seedling throwing machine in the
invention.
[0049] FIG. 8 is a structural diagram of a seedling pick-up component in the invention.
[0050] FIG. 9 is a structural diagram of a seedling pick-up cutter assembly in the
invention.
[0051] FIG. 10 is a positional diagram of a seedling separation component in the
invention.
[0052] FIG. 11 is a structural diagram of the seedling separation component in the
invention.
[0053] FIG. 12 is a positional diagram of seedling separation belts in the invention.
[0054] FIG. 13 is a structural diagram of a field planting and seedling erecting pipe in
the invention.
[0055] FIG. 14 is a structural diagram of a distributor in the invention.
[0056] In the figures: 1, seedling throwing machine chassis; 2, fan; 3, gearbox; 4,
distributor; 5, seedling pick-up component; 6, seedling separation component; 7, field
planting and seedling erecting pipe; 101, power output shaft of the seedling throwing machine;
102, seedling throwing machine frame; 301, first output shaft of gearbox; 302, second output
shaft of gearbox; 401, distributor inlet; 402, distributor outlet; 501, seedling pick-up
component frame; 502, seedling pick-up component driving pulley; 503, seedling pick-up
component driven pulley; 504, seedling conveying belt; 505, driving gear; 506, seedling box;
507, seedling tray limiting plate; 508, seedling pick-up cutter assembly; 509, plummer block;
510, first gear; 511, second sprocket; 512, first chain; 513, first sprocket; 514, second gear;
515, seedling pick-up cutter assembly driving shaft; 516, seedling pick-up cutter assembly
stop nut; 517, cutting blade; 518, blade limiting spacer; 519, second chain; 520, third sprocket;
521, driving gear; 522, seedling limiting and pose adjusting plate; 523, left guide grid; 524,
right guide grid; 525, plummer block mounting plate; 601, left seedling separation component
I; 602, left seedling separation component II; 603, right seedling separation component II; 604,
right seedling component I; 605, left movable pin; 606, left fixed pin; 607, right movable pin;
608, right fixed pin; 609, left seedling separation component mounting frame I; 610, plummer
block; 611, plummer block mounting plate; 612, seedling separation belt; 613, driven pulley;
614, left seedling separation component mounting frame II; 615, left driving pulley; 616, right
seedling separation component mounting frame II; 617, right driving pulley; 618, left
seedlings separation guide grid I; 619, left seedling separation guide grid II; 620, right
seedling separation guide grid I; 621, right seedling separation guide grid II; 622, right
seedling separation component mounting frame II; 701, seedling inlet; 702, seeding outlet;
703, air inlet pipe.
[0057] The technical solution of the invention will be described in further detail below
in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
[0058] A degradable seedling tray of a seedling throwing machine of the invention is
shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 2, and FIG. 3, wherein FIG.1 is a schematic diagram of an upper
degradable tray; FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a lining tray; FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram
of the two trays stacked together, the two trays are stacked for use when seedlings are
cultivated, and when the seedlings are transplanted, the lower lining tray is removed, and the
upper degradable tray with the seedlings is placed on a seedling box of the seedling throwing
machine; FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a single seedling pot after the seedling tray is cut row by row for seedling pick-up; and FIG. 5 shows the structure of a single seedling.
[0059] As shown in FIG. 6, the seedling throwing machine of the invention comprises
a seedling throwing machine chassis 1, a fan 2, a gearbox 3, a distributor 4, a seedling pick-up
component 5, a seedling separation component 6, and field planting and seedling erecting
pipes 7. As shown in FIG. 7, the seedling separation component 6 is fixed on a seedling
throwing machine frame 102, and power is transmitted by a power output shaft 101 of the
seedling throwing machine through the gearbox 3; the seedling pick-up component 5 is
connected to the seedling separation component 6 and the seedling throwing machine frame
102 through a seedling pick-up component frame 501. As shown in FIG. 8, the seedling
pick-up component comprises a seedling pick-up component driving pulley 502, a seedling
pick-up component driven pulley 503, seedling conveying belts 504, a seedling box 506,
seedling tray limiting plates 507, a seedling pick-up cutter assembly 508, and the like,
wherein the seedling pick-up cutter assembly 508 comprises, as shown in FIG. 9, a seedling
pick-up cutter assembly driving shaft 515, a seedling pick-up cutter assembly stop nut 516, a
plurality of cutting blades 517 and blade limiting spacers 518, the plurality of cutting blades
517 are fixed on the seedling pick-up cutter assembly driving shaft 515 at equal intervals
through the blade limiting spacers 518, one end of the seedling pick-up cutter assembly
driving shaft is limited by a step, and the other end of the seedling pick-up cutter assembly
driving shaft is locked and limited by the seedling pick-up cutter assembly stop nut 516.
[0060] As shown in FIG. 10, during transplanting, the seedling tray is accurately
conveyed to the seedling pick-up cutter assembly 508 by the seedling tray limiting plates 507,
a whole row of seedlings are picked up, then the pose of the seedlings is adjusted by a
seedling limiting and pose adjusting plate 522, and potted seedlings separated into individuals
are guided and conveyed to the seedling separation component 6 by a left guide grid 523 and
a right guide grid 524.
[0061] As shown in FIG. 11, the seedling separation component 6 structurally comprises a left seedling separation component I601, a left seedling separation component I
602, a right seedling separation component II 603, a right seedling separation component I
604, plummer blocks 610, seedling separation belts 612, driven pulleys 613, a right driving
pulley 617, and the like, wherein the left seedling separation component I 601 and the right
seedling separation component I604 can be folded upwards; and a left driving pulley 615 and
the right driving pulley 617 are connected to a first output shaft 302 and a second output shaft
401 of the gearbox through couplings respectively to drive the seedling separation belts 612 to
rotate oppositely at a constant speed.
[0062] Referring to FIG. 12 which illustrates the positions of the seedling separation
belts 612, the longitudinal positions of the seedling separation belts 12 are in one-to-one
correspondence with the lateral positions of the pots on the seedling tray, so that a whole row
of potted seedlings can accurately fall onto the seedling separation belts 512, and the lateral
spacing of the seedling separation belts 612 is equal to the row spacing of planted seedlings.
The whole row of potted seedlings are separated and conveyed to the field planting and
seedling erecting pipes 7 one by one in order by the seedling separation belts 612 at a high
speed.
[0063] Referring to FIG. 13 which illustrates the structure of the field planting and
seedling erecting pipe 7, the field planting and seedling erecting pipe 7 comprises a seedling
inlet 701 in the top end, a seedling outlet 702 in the bottom end, and a plurality of air inlet
pipes 703 regularly distributed in a circumferential direction, wherein the axes of the air inlet
pipes 703 are not located on the same plane as the axis of the field planting and seedling
erecting pipe 7 to form a spiral air flow, and the air inlet pipes 703 are connected to the
distributor 4 through hoses.
[0064] Referring to FIG. 14 which illustrates the structure of the distributor, the
distributor comprises a distributor inlet 401 and a plurality of distributor outlets 402, wherein
the distributor inlet 401 is connected to an air outlet of the fan 2 in a sealed manner, and when the fan 2 is started, the spiral air flow is accelerated to plant the potted seedlings in a paddy field orderly and erectly.
[0065] The seedling throwing process
[0066] Step 1: accurate conveying of a whole tray of seedlings: the seedling tray with
potted seedlings to be picked up is placed on the seedling tray limiting plates 507 on the
seedling box 506 and is driven by multiple seedling conveying belts 504 to be accurately
conveyed to the working position of the seedling pick-up cutter assembly 508, and each row
of pots corresponds to one seedling conveying belt 504 below in position;
[0067] Step 2: nondestructive pick-up of a whole row of seedlings: 13 cutting blades
517 are used to simultaneously and accurately cut the seedling tray to pick up a whole row of
seedlings at a high speed without destruction, wherein the seedlings in the whole row are
individual, and the number of pots in the lateral direction of the seedling tray is 14;
[0068] Step 3: accurate conveying of the whole row of seedlings: the individuals are
accurately conveyed by the seedling conveying belts 504 to the seedling limiting and pose
adjusting plate 522 to be limited and have their pose being adjusted by the seedling limiting
and pose adjusting plate 522 to ensure that the seedlings enter the seedling separation
component 6 at a proper pose;
[0069] Step 4: accurate feeding of the whole of seedlings: after the seedlings are
limited and have their pose being adjusted by the seedling limiting and pose adjusting plate
522, the whole row of plug seedlings are simultaneously placed in the left guide grid 523 and
the right guide grid 524 respectively and are then guided by the left guide grid 523 and the
right guide grid 524 to fall onto the corresponding seedling separation belts 612 below
separately;
[0070] Step 5: efficient seedling separation at equal intervals: the gearbox 3 drives all
the seedlings separation belts 612 to move synchronously in the lateral direction to drive the
whole row of seedlings on the seedling separation belts 612 to be separated at equal intervals in the lateral direction, and then the seedlings fall into the field planting and seedling erecting pipes 7 by a set interval for field planting and seedling erecting; and
[0071] Step 6: pneumatic field planting and seedling erecting: after falling into the
field planting and seedling erecting pipes 7, the seedlings fall vertically along the field
planting and seedling erecting pipes 7 under the dual effect of gravity and spiral air to be
accurately planted in a paddy field; and this process is repeated.
[0072] Field test
[0073] The seedling throwing machine of the invention was trial-produced by
Changzhou Yuanbo Machinery Co., Ltd in 2019, wherein the seedling throwing machine had
14 rows, a row spacing of 25cm and a working breadth of 3.5m. The seedling throwing
machine chassis was a Yanmar riding-type rice transplanter chassis, the distributor had one
inlet and 28 outlets, and each field planting and seedling erecting pipe had a seedling inlet, a
seedling outlet, and two air inlet pipes. The seedling throwing machine of the invention was
tested in a field on June 18 in Liyang City, rice potted seedlings at an age of 18 days were
used as test seedlings, the seedling cultivation tray was a double-layer degradable seedling
tray, cutting grooves were reserved in the seedling tray in advance, and the seedling tray had
14 holes in the lateral direction and 28 holes in the longitudinal direction. During seedling
throwing, one seedling throwing machine driver and two seedling feeding workers were
employed, the machine was driven to a designated position of the field, then the fan was
started, and the seedling feeding workers removed a lining tray of the seedling cultivation tray
and placed the upper degradable tray on the seedling box; the machine advanced to reach a
transplanting position, the power output shaft of the rice transplanter drove the seedling
separation component and the seedling pick-up component to operate, the whole tray of
seedlings was conveyed by the seedling conveying belt along the seedling box to reach the
seedling pick-up cutter assembly to be cut row by row, the seedling pick-up cutter assembly
cut the seedling tray reserved with the cutting grooves in the longitudinal direction into individuals row by row, the individuals were conveyed by the left and right guide grids to the seedling separation component and were conveyed by 14 seedling separation belts towards two sides respectively, and when driven by the seedling separation belts to move to the driven pulley, the potted seedlings fell into the field planting and seedling erecting pipes below; and finally, the seedlings were planted and erected in the paddy field under the effect of a spiral air flow. The test proves that the seedlings thrown into the paddy field did not fall or drift and the seedling throwing efficiency reached 10 mu per hour.
[0074] Advantageously, the present disclosure provides a pneumatic ordered seedling
throwing machine and method suitable for a degradable seedling tray to realize pneumatic
ordered seedling throwing with a simple structure, a low manufacturing cost, high reliability,
high seedling pick-up efficiency, no destruction to potted seedlings, accurate control of the
row spacing and a good field planting and seedling erecting effect and to solve the technical
problems of complicated seedling pick-up mechanisms, low accuracy, destruction to seedlings,
poor seedling separation stability, difficulty in accurate control of the row spacing,
unsatisfying seedling erecting effect and unstable transplanting depth of existing seedling
throwing machines.
[0075] The reference to any prior art in this specification is not, and should not be
taken as, an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that such prior art forms part of the
common general knowledge.
[0076] It will be understood that the terms "comprise" and "include" and any of their
derivatives (e.g. comprises, comprising, includes, including) as used in this specification, and
the claims that follow, is to be taken to be inclusive of features to which the term refers, and is
not meant to exclude the presence of any additional features unless otherwise stated or
implied.
[0077] In some cases, a single embodiment may, for succinctness and/or to assist in
understanding the scope of the disclosure, combine multiple features. It is to be understood that in such a case, these multiple features may be provided separately (in separate embodiments), or in any other suitable combination. Alternatively, where separate features are described in separate embodiments, these separate features may be combined into a single embodiment unless otherwise stated or implied. This also applies to the claims which can be recombined in any combination. That is a claim may be amended to include a feature defined in any other claim. Further a phrase referring to "at least one of' a list of items refers to any combination of those items, including single members. As an example, "at least one of: a, b, or c" is intended to cover: a, b, c, a-b, a-c, b-c, and a-b-c.
[0078] It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the disclosure is not
restricted in its use to the particular application or applications described. Neither is the
present disclosure restricted in its preferred embodiment with regard to the particular elements
and/or features described or depicted herein. It will be appreciated that the disclosure is not
limited to the embodiment or embodiments disclosed, but is capable of numerous
rearrangements, modifications and substitutions without departing from the scope as set forth
and defined by the following claims.
Claims (7)
1. A pneumatic ordered seedling throwing machine suitable for a degradable seedling tray,
comprising a seedling throwing machine chassis, a gearbox, a seedling pick-up component, a
seedling separation component, a fan, a distributor, field planting and seedling erecting pipes,
a power output shaft of the seedling throwing machine, and a seedling throwing machine
frame, wherein the power output shaft of the seedling throwing machine supplies power to the
seedling pick-up component and the seedling separation component through the gearbox, and
the gearbox comprises a first output shaft of the gearbox and a second output shaft of the
gearbox;
the seedling pick-up component comprises: a seedling pick-up component frame, a
seedling pick-up component driving pulley, a seedling pick-up component driven pulley,
seedling conveying belts, a driving gear, a seedling box, seedling tray limiting plates, a
seedling pick-up cutter assembly, a seedling limiting and pose adjusting plate, a plummer
block, and a plummer block mounting plate;
the seedling pick-up component frame is mounted on the seedling throwing machine
frame, and the seedling pick-up component driving pulley, the seedling limiting and pose
adjusting plate, the seedling pick-up cutter assembly, the driving gear, the seedling pick-up
component driven pulley and the seedling box are sequentially mounted on the seedling
pick-up component frame;
a power input end of the seedling pick-up component is connected to the power output
shaft of the seedling throwing machine through the gearbox;
the seedling tray limiting plates are fixedly connected to an upper surface of the seedling
box; a seedling tray is disposed above the seedling tray limiting plates, the seedling tray
limiting plates are located in gaps below seedling tray pots to prevent the seedling tray from
moving leftwards or rightwards in the conveying process, and the seedling tray is a
degradable seedling tray; the seedling box is located on the seedling conveying belts, and the seeding pick-up component driving pulley and the seedling pick-up component driven pulley are connected through the seedling conveying belts; the number of the seedling conveying belts is equal to the number of rows of seedlings, and the seedling conveying belts are mutually independent and parallel; the seedling pick-up component driving pulley is fixed on the plummer block, the plummer block is connected to the plummer block mounting plate and is fixed above the seedling pick-up component frame, and a first gear and a second sprocket are fixed to an end, close to the gearbox, of the seedling pick-up component driving pulley; the second sprocket is a double-chain sprocket, is connected to a first sprocket through a first chain and rotates clockwise at a constant speed; and the first sprocket is fixed on the first output shaft of the gearbox and is connected to the power output shaft of the seedling throwing machine through the gearbox; the first gear is engaged with a second gear and rotates clockwise at a constant speed along with the seedling pick-up component driving pulley; and the second gear is fixed on a right side of the seedling pick-up cutter assembly; the seedling pick-up cutter assembly comprises: a seedling pick-up cutter assembly driving shaft, a seedling pick-up cutter assembly stop nut, a number N of cutting blades and blade limiting spacers; the N cutting blades are fixed on the seedling pick-up cutter assembly driving shaft at equal intervals through the blade limiting spacers and the seedling pick-up cutter assembly stop nut; the intervals are equal to a distance between any two adjacent holes in a lateral direction of the seedling tray; a number M of seedling pots in the lateral direction of the seedling tray, and the number of the cutting blades meets N=M-1 a left guide grid and a right guide grid are mounted below the seedling pick-up cutter assembly; and cutting edges of the cutting blades stretch out of a top of the seedling tray, and one said cutting blade is disposed between every two adjacent said seedling conveying belts; the left guide grid and the right guide grid are both fixed on the seedling separation component; the seedling separation component comprises: a left seedling separation component I, a left seedling separation component II, a right seedling separation component II and a right seedling separation component I; the left seedling separation component I and the left seedling separation component II are connected through a left movable pin and a left fixed pin, and the left seedling separation component I is able to rotate around the left fixed pin to be folded upwards; and the right seedling separation component I and the right seedling separation component II are connected through a right movable pin and a right fixed pin, and the right seedling separation component I is able to rotate around the right fixed pin to be folded upwards; the left seedling separation component I comprises: a number Mi of seedling separation belts and Mi driven pulleys, a left seedling component mounting frame I, 2M plummer blocks, and 2Mi plummer block mounting plates; the left seedling separation component II comprises: a number M2 of seedling separation belts, a left driving pulley and M 2 driven pulleys, a left seedling component mounting frame II, the left fixed pin, 2M 2 plummer blocks, and 2M 2 plummer block mounting plates; the right seedling separation component I is identical in structure with the left seedling separation component I, and the right seedling separation component II is identical in structure with the left seedling separation component II;
Mi+M 2=M2; and the seedling separation belts are mutually independent;
the left seedling separation component II is mounted on the seedling throwing machine
frame through the left seedling separation component mounting frame II and is upward
connected to the seedling pick-up component;
two ends of the left driving pulley are fixed on the left seedling separation component
mounting frame II through the plummer blocks; the driven pulleys are connected to the left
driving pulley through the seedling separation belts; two ends of the driven pulleys are
connected to the plummer blocks respectively, and the plummer blocks are fixed on the plummer block mounting plates; and the plummer block mounting plates are mounted on the left seedling separation component mounting frame II at equal intervals; the right seedling separation component II is identical in structure with the left seedling separation component II and is mounted on the seedling throwing machine frame through a right seedling separation component mounting frame II; the right seedling separation component II is located above the left seedling separation component II in a staggered manner, so that it is ensured that a distance between all the adjacent seedling separation belts in a longitudinal direction (an advancing direction of the seedling throwing machine) is equal to the intervals between the adjacent pots in the lateral direction of the seedling tray and that a lateral distance between adjacent orthographic projections of all the driven pulleys is equal to a required row spacing L; the left driving pulley and a right driving pulley are connected to the first output shaft of the gearbox and the second output shaft of the gearbox through couplings respectively; a left seedling separation guide grid I is fixed on the left seedling separation component mounting frame I, a left seedling separation guide grid II is fixed on the left seedling separation component mounting frame II, a right seedling separation guide grid I is fixed on a right seedling separation component mounting frame I, and a right seedling separation guide grid II is fixed on the right seedling separation component mounting frame II; and all the seedling separation guide grids are located exactly above the corresponding seedling separation belts; one said field planting and seedling erecting pipe is correspondingly fixed below each said driven pulley; each said field planting and seedling erecting pipe comprises a number B of convex air inlet pipes, a seedling inlet located in a top end of the field planting and seedling erecting pipe and a seedling outlet located in a bottom end of the field planting and seedling erecting pipe; the field planting and seedling erecting pipe is a vertically through cylinder, and the seedling inlet and the seedling outlet vertically correspond to each other in position; the seedling inlet is a big-end-up flared opening; an inner diameter of the seedling outlet is 10-20mm greater than an outer diameter of the seedling pots; an angle between each air inlet pipe and an axis of the field planting and seedling erecting pipe is 40°-50°; the air inlet pipes are communicated with the field planting and seedling erecting pipe, and a distance from junctions of the air inlet pipes and the field planting and seedling erecting pipe to the inlet of the field planting and seedling erecting pipe is one third of a height of the field planting and seedling erecting pipe; and B is greater than or equal to 2; the air inlet pipes of the field planting and seedling erecting pipes are connected to distributor outlets of the distributor in a sealed manner through hoses; the distributor comprises a distributor inlet and a number K of distributor outlets , and the distributor inlet is connected to an air outlet of the fan in a sealed manner; K= M*B
2. The pneumatic ordered seedling throwing machine suitable for a degradable seedling
tray according to Claim 1, wherein the seedling tray is made of a degradable material; and
special lateral cutting lines are disposed at joints of upper surfaces of the adjacent pots in the
longitudinal direction of the seedling tray.
3. The pneumatic ordered seedling throwing machine suitable for a degradable seedling
tray according to Claim 1, wherein a pair of bevel gears and a pair of identical spur gears
engaged with each other are disposed in the gearbox, and the pair of bevel gears is used to
change a direction of an original output of the seedling throwing machine to meet positional
requirements for power transmission of the seedling pick-up component; the pair of spur
gears engaged with each other is disposed in the gearbox to enable the first output shaft of the
gearbox and the second output shaft of the gearbox to rotate oppositely at a constant speed, so
that the seedling separation belts on two sides are made to move laterally and oppositely.
4. The pneumatic ordered seedling throwing machine suitable for a degradable seedling
tray according to Claim 1, wherein each said cutting blade has cutting edges on both sides, a length of the cutting edges is 10-20mm, and the cutting edges of the cutting blades stretch out of the top of the seedling tray by 5-10mm to cut the seedling tray that is conveyed longitudinally.
5. The pneumatic ordered seedling throwing machine suitable for a degradable seedling
tray according to Claim 1, wherein:
a left seedling separation limiting grid I is fixed on the left seedling separation component
mounting frame I, a left seedling separation limiting grid II is fixed on the left seedling
separation component mounting frame II, a right seedling separation limiting grid I is fixed on
the right seedling separation component mounting frame I, and a right seedling separation
limiting grid II is fixed on the right seedling separation component mounting frame II;
the left seedling separation limiting grid I, the left seedling separation limiting grid II, the
right seedling separation limiting grid I and the right seedling separation limiting grid II are in
one-to-one correspondence with the seedling separation belts exactly below the left seedling
separation limiting grid I, the left seedling separation limiting grid II, the right seedling
separation limiting grid I and the right seedling separation limiting grid II, so that the
seedlings are prevented from moving onto the adjacent seedling separation belt in a seedling
separation process.
6. The pneumatic ordered seedling throwing machine suitable for a degradable seedling
tray according to Claim 1, wherein the B convex air inlet pipes are regularly distributed in a
circumferential direction of the field planting and seedling erecting pipe: axes of the B convex
air inlet pipes are eccentric with respect to the axis of the field planting and seedling erecting
pipe, so that a spiral air flow is formed to accelerate downward field planting and seedling
erecting.
7. A seedling throwing method of the pneumatic ordered seedling throwing machine
suitable for a degradable seedling tray according to any one of Claims 1-6, comprising the
following steps:
Step 1: accurate conveying of a whole tray of seedlings: placing the seedling tray with
potted seedlings to be picked up on the seedling tray limiting plates on the seedling box,
driving and accurately conveying the seedling tray to the working position of the seedling
pick-up cutter assembly by multiple seedling conveying belts, and enabling each row of pots
to correspond to one said seedling conveying belt below in position;
Step 2: nondestructive pick-up of a whole row of seedlings: simultaneously and accurately
cutting the seedling tray by N cutting blades to pick up a whole row of seedlings rapidly and
nondestructively at a time, wherein the seedlings in the whole row are individuals, the number
of the cutting blades meets N=M-1, and M is the number of seedling pots in a lateral direction
of the seedling tray;
Step 3: accurate conveying of the whole row of seedlings: accurately conveying the
individuals to the seedling limiting and pose adjusting plate by the seedling conveying belts to
be limited and have their pose being adjusted by the seedling limiting and pose adjusting plate
to ensure that the seedlings enter the seedling separation component at a proper pose;
Step 4: accurate feeding of the whole row of seedlings: after the seedlings are limited and
have their pose being adjusted by the seedling limiting and pose adjusting plate, placing the
whole row of seedlings into the left guide grid and the right guide grid, and enabling the
whole row of dispersed seedlings to fall onto the corresponding seedling separation belts
below under the guidance of the left guide grid and the right guide grid;
Step 5: efficient seedling separation at equal intervals: synchronously driving all the
seedling separation belts to move laterally by the gearbox to drive the whole row of seedlings
on the seedling separation belts to be laterally separated at equal intervals, and enabling the
seedlings to fall into the field planting and seedling erecting pipes by a set interval for field
planting and seedling erecting;
Step 6: pneumatic field planting and seedling erecting: after the seedlings fall into the
field planting and seedling erecting pipes, enabling the seedlings to fall vertically along the field planting and seedling erecting pipes under the dual effect of gravity and spiral air to be accurately planted in a paddy field; wherein, all the steps are performed continuously and repeatedly.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911219173.1A CN110972646B (en) | 2019-12-03 | 2019-12-03 | Pneumatic ordered seedling throwing machine suitable for degradable seedling tray and seedling throwing method |
| CN201911219173.1 | 2019-12-03 | ||
| PCT/CN2020/095150 WO2021109520A1 (en) | 2019-12-03 | 2020-06-09 | Pneumatic orderly-operated seedling throwing machine suitable for degradable seedling tray, and seedling throwing method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AU2020397138A1 AU2020397138A1 (en) | 2021-07-15 |
| AU2020397138B2 true AU2020397138B2 (en) | 2021-09-23 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2020397138A Active AU2020397138B2 (en) | 2019-12-03 | 2020-06-09 | Pneumatic orderly-operated seedling throwing machine suitable for degradable seedling tray, and seedling throwing method |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP7005818B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN110972646B (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2020397138B2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2021109520A1 (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110972646B (en) * | 2019-12-03 | 2023-12-05 | 农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所 | Pneumatic ordered seedling throwing machine suitable for degradable seedling tray and seedling throwing method |
| CN111699797A (en) * | 2020-07-22 | 2020-09-25 | 汪滔 | Seedling throwing device capable of improving survival rate of seedlings |
| CN111972096A (en) * | 2020-08-25 | 2020-11-24 | 湖北文理学院 | Transplanting device and film-covered transplanting machine |
| CN111972097B (en) * | 2020-08-25 | 2022-08-12 | 湖北文理学院 | Tectorial membrane transplanter |
| CN112703866B (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2022-03-29 | 农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所 | Be suitable for high efficiency of degradable material seedling growing to get seedling mechanism |
| CN112568018A (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-03-30 | 郯城县种子公司 | Three-dimensional rice seedling raising device and rice transplanting mechanism |
| CN114208455A (en) * | 2021-11-25 | 2022-03-22 | 黑龙江雄汇智能装备有限公司 | Pneumatic accelerating conveying ordered seedling throwing machine for rice pot seedling raising |
| CN114616957B (en) * | 2022-04-18 | 2023-01-03 | 华南农业大学 | Single-plant transplanting device and method for rice seedlings |
| CN115462223B (en) * | 2022-10-25 | 2024-02-06 | 江西农业大学 | Ordered seedling throwing device for bowl blanket seedlings |
| CN115735497B (en) * | 2022-11-28 | 2024-09-06 | 广东省现代农业装备研究所 | Vibration seedling taking type automatic transplanting machine |
| CN117099541B (en) * | 2023-08-23 | 2024-06-11 | 中国农业大学 | High-speed cutting and orderly throwing-planting machine and cutting and throwing-planting method for blanket-shaped rice seedlings |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2022513789A (en) | 2022-02-09 |
| CN110972646B (en) | 2023-12-05 |
| CN110972646A (en) | 2020-04-10 |
| JP7005818B1 (en) | 2022-01-24 |
| WO2021109520A1 (en) | 2021-06-10 |
| AU2020397138A1 (en) | 2021-07-15 |
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