CN110972646A - Pneumatic ordered seedling throwing machine and seedling throwing method suitable for degradable seedling tray - Google Patents
Pneumatic ordered seedling throwing machine and seedling throwing method suitable for degradable seedling tray Download PDFInfo
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- CN110972646A CN110972646A CN201911219173.1A CN201911219173A CN110972646A CN 110972646 A CN110972646 A CN 110972646A CN 201911219173 A CN201911219173 A CN 201911219173A CN 110972646 A CN110972646 A CN 110972646A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C11/00—Transplanting machines
- A01C11/003—Transplanting machines for aquatic plants; for planting underwater, e.g. rice
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C11/00—Transplanting machines
- A01C11/006—Other parts or details or planting machines
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pneumatic ordered seedling throwing machine and a seedling throwing method suitable for degradable seedling trays. The device comprises a seedling throwing machine chassis, a seedling box, a gear box, a seedling conveying belt, a seedling taking part, a seedling separating part, a fan, a distributor, a field planting seedling standing pipe, a power output shaft of the seedling throwing machine and a seedling throwing machine frame. Rice alms bowl body seedling is put on the seedling case by whole dish accuracy, send seedling belt whole row to get the seedling part, get seedling part whole row get the seedling after, every row of alms bowl body seedling is cut apart into a plurality of individual alms bowl body seedling, and send to branch seedling part by whole row, under the effect of branch seedling part, whole row of individual alms bowl body seedling is accurately divided into a plurality of rows according to predetermined row spacing, then fall into the field planting seedling pipe of each row below, field planting seedling pipe axial leads to there is a plurality of spiral air currents, individual alms bowl body seedling stands in the paddy field in orderly field planting under the effect of gravity and spiral air current, so circulation. The invention has simple mechanism, high operation efficiency, no need of seedling tray recovery, accurate seedling taking and no damage, and is suitable for pot seedling transplantation of degradable seedling tray seedling.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of transplanting machinery, and particularly relates to a seedling throwing technology.
Background
Rice is one of the main crops in China. At present, rice planting is divided into direct seeding and transplanting, wherein transplanting comprises two modes of transplanting and throwing seedlings. The seedling throwing planting mode has the characteristics of light plant injury, quick green turning, early tillering, stable yield and high yield, so the seedling throwing planting mode is popularized and applied. At present, the traditional seedling throwing mode mainly adopts manpower as a main mode, has the defects of high labor intensity, low efficiency, incapability of ensuring the row spacing between seedlings, poor integral regularity and unfavorable growth and later-period field management of the seedlings. The existing seedling throwing machine has the disadvantages of complex structure, low efficiency, difficult seedling tray recovery and poor seedling standing performance. The seedling taking mechanism is mainly of a push-out type and a pull-out type, the push-out type seedling taking mechanism pushes out seedlings through the push rod mechanism, then the seedlings enter the seedling sending and throwing mechanism, the seedling taking links are multiple, the mechanism is complicated, the reliability is low, the seedling raising requirement is high, and seedling roots and soil structures are easily damaged; the pulling type seedling taking device pulls out seedlings through the rotary mechanism, then a seedling conveying and throwing link is carried out, and the rotary mechanism is complex, low in reliability and prone to damage roots and stems of the seedlings, so that the seedlings are not beneficial to seedling returning of later-period survivors. The seedling separating link after seedling taking is complex in structure, low in efficiency, complex in adjustment and poor in reliability, the row spacing cannot be adjusted at will, high-speed accurate planting cannot be achieved, seedlings fall into the field completely by self weight when being divided into single bodies to carry out seedling throwing, the seedling uprightness is poor, and the planting depth cannot be controlled.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a pneumatic ordered seedling throwing machine and a seedling throwing method suitable for degradable seedling trays for throwing seedlings, which aim to realize pneumatic ordered seedling throwing with simple structure, low manufacturing cost, high reliability, high seedling taking efficiency, no damage to pot seedlings, accurate row spacing control and good planting and seedling standing effects, and solve the technical problems of complicated seedling taking mechanism, low accuracy, easy seedling damage, insufficient seedling separating stability, difficult accurate row spacing control, poor seedling standing effect and unstable planting depth of the conventional seedling throwing machine.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following specific technical solutions.
A pneumatic ordered seedling throwing machine suitable for degradable seedling trays is characterized by comprising: a seedling throwing machine chassis (1), a gear box (3), a seedling taking part (5), a seedling separating part (6), a fan (2), a distributor (4), a planting seedling standing pipe (7), a seedling throwing machine power output shaft (101) and a seedling throwing machine frame (102);
the seedling taking part (5) comprises: a seedling taking part rack (501), a gear box (3), a seedling taking part driving pulley (502), a seedling taking part driven pulley (503), a seedling conveying belt (504), a driving gear (505), a seedling box (506), a seedling tray limiting plate (507), a seedling taking cutter head combination (508), a seedling limiting and posture adjusting plate (522), a bearing with a seat (509) and a bearing mounting plate with a seat (525);
the seedling taking component rack (501) is arranged on the seedling throwing machine rack (102); the gearbox (3), the seedling limiting and posture adjusting plate (522), the seedling taking part driving belt wheel (502), the seedling taking cutter head combination (508), the driving gear (505), the seedling taking part driven belt wheel (503) and the seedling box (506) are sequentially arranged on the seedling taking part rack (501);
the power input end of the seedling taking part (5) is connected with the power output shaft (101) of the seedling throwing machine through a gearbox (3);
a seedling tray limiting plate (507) is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the seedling box (506); the seedling tray (506) is arranged above the seedling tray limit plate (507), and the seedling tray limit plate (507) is positioned in a gap below the seedling tray pot body to prevent the seedling tray from moving left and right in the transferring process; the seedling box (506) is positioned on a seedling conveying belt (504), and the seedling conveying belt (504) is connected with a seedling taking part driving belt wheel (502) and a seedling taking part driven belt wheel (503); the number of the seedling conveying belts (504) is equal to the number of the operation lines, and the seedling conveying belts (504) are independent and parallel to each other;
the seedling taking part driving belt wheel (502) is fixedly connected to a bearing with a seat (509), the bearing with the seat (509) is connected with a bearing mounting plate with a seat (525) and is fixed above the seedling taking part rack (501), and a first gear (510) and a second chain wheel (511) are fixedly connected to one end, close to a gearbox, of the seedling taking part driving belt wheel (502); the second chain wheel (511) is a double-row chain wheel and is connected with the first chain wheel (513) through a first chain (512) to rotate at a constant speed along the clockwise direction; the first chain wheel (513) is fixed on a first output shaft (301) of the gear box and is connected with a power output shaft (101) of the seedling throwing machine through the gear box (3);
the first gear (510) is meshed with the second gear (514), and the first gear (510) rotates at a constant speed along with the seedling taking component driving belt wheel (502) along the clockwise direction; the second gear (514) is fixedly connected to the right side of the seedling taking cutter head assembly (508);
get seedling blade disc combination (508) and include: a seedling taking cutter disc combined driving shaft (515), a seedling taking cutter disc combined limiting nut (516), a cutting blade (517) and a blade limiting spacer bush (518); n cutting blades (517) are fixed on a seedling taking cutter disc combined driving shaft (515) at equal intervals through a blade limiting spacer bush (518) and a seedling taking cutter disc combined limiting nut (516); the distance is equal to the distance between two transversely adjacent holes of the seedling tray; the number of the seedling pots on the seedling tray is M, and the number N of the cutting blades (517) is M-1;
a left guide grid (523) and a right guide grid (524) are arranged below the seedling taking cutter head combination (508); the edge of the cutting blade (517) exceeds the top of the seedling tray, and a cutting blade (517) is arranged between every two adjacent seedling conveying belts (504);
the left guide grid (523) and the right guide grid (524) are fixed on the seedling separating component (6);
the seedling separating part (6) comprises: the seedling separating device comprises a gearbox (3), a gearbox first output shaft (301), a gearbox second output shaft (302), a left seedling separating component I (601), a left seedling separating component II (602), a right seedling separating component II (603) and a right seedling separating component I (604); the left seedling separating component I (601) and the left seedling separating component II (602) are connected by a left movable pin shaft (605) and a left fixed pin shaft (606), and the left seedling separating component I (601) can rotate around the left fixed pin shaft (606) and can be folded upwards; the right seedling separating part I (604) and the right seedling separating part II (603) are connected by a right movable pin shaft (607) and a right fixed pin shaft (608), and the right seedling separating part I (604) can rotate around the right fixed pin shaft (608) and can be folded upwards;
the left seedling separating component I (601) bagComprises the following steps: left mounting rack I (609) and 2M of seedling separating mechanism1A bearing with a seat (610), 2M1Bearing mounting plate with pedestal (611), M1Seedling separating belt (612), M1A driven pulley (613); the left seedling separating component II (602) comprises a left mounting rack II (614) of a seedling separating mechanism, a left fixed pin shaft (606) and a 2M seedling separating mechanism2A bearing with a seat (610), 2M2Bearing mounting plate with pedestal (611), M2A seedling separating belt (612), a left driving pulley (615), M2A driven pulley (613); the structures of the right seedling separating part I (604) and the right seedling separating part II (603) are respectively the same as the structures of the left seedling separating part I (601) and the left seedling separating part II (602); m1+M2＝M/2; the seedling separating belts (612) are independent from each other;
the left seedling separating component II (602) is arranged on the seedling thrower rack (102) through a left seedling separating component mounting rack II (614), and a seedling taking component (5) is connected above the left seedling separating component II;
two ends of the left driving belt wheel (615) are respectively fixed on a left mounting rack II (614) of the seedling separating component through a bearing with a seat (610); the driven pulley (613) is connected with a left driving pulley (615) through a seedling separating belt (612); two ends of the driven belt wheel (613) are respectively connected with a belt seat bearing (610) and fixed on a belt seat bearing mounting plate (611); the bearing mounting plates (611) with the seats are equidistantly arranged on the left mounting rack II (614) of the seedling separating mechanism;
the right seedling separating part II (603) has the same structure as the left seedling separating part II (602), and is arranged on the seedling thrower rack (102) through a right seedling separating mechanism part mounting rack II (616); the right seedling separating part II (603) is staggered above the left seedling separating part II (602) so as to ensure that the longitudinal distance (advancing direction of the seedling thrower) between all adjacent seedling separating belts (612) is equal to the distance between the transverse adjacent pot bodies of the seedling tray, and simultaneously ensure that the transverse distance between the adjacent projections is equal to the required seedling row spacing L when all driven belt wheels (613) are orthographically projected;
the left driving pulley (615) and the right driving pulley (617) are respectively connected with a first output shaft (302) and a second output shaft (301) of the gearbox through couplings;
the left seedling separation guide grid I (618) is fixed on the left mounting rack I (609) of the seedling separation component, the left seedling separation guide grid II (619) is fixed on the left mounting rack II (614) of the seedling separation component, the right seedling separation guide grid I (620) is fixed on the right mounting rack I (622) of the seedling separation mechanism, and the right seedling separation guide grid II (621) is fixed on the left mounting rack II (616) of the seedling separation component; each seedling separation guide grid is respectively positioned right above the corresponding seedling separation belt (612);
a planting seedling-erecting pipe (7) is correspondingly fixed below each driven belt wheel (613);
each planting seedling tube (7) comprises B convex air inlet pipes (703), a seedling inlet (701) positioned at the top end of the planting seedling tube (7) and a seedling outlet (702) positioned at the bottom end of the planting seedling tube (7); the planting seedling tube (7) is a cylindrical through body which is communicated up and down, and the seedling inlet (701) and the seedling outlet (702) are corresponding to each other in the up-and-down position; the seedling inlet (701) is in a bell mouth shape with a large upper part and a small lower part; the inner diameter of the seedling emergence opening (702) is 10-20mm larger than the outer diameter of the seedling pot body; the included angle between the air inlet pipe (703) and the axis of the planting seedling tube (7) is 40-45 degrees; the air inlet pipe (703) is communicated with the planting seedling tube (7), and the distance between the communicated joint and the inlet of the planting seedling tube (7) is 1/3; b is greater than or equal to 2;
the air inlet pipe (703) of the field planting seedling tube (7) is hermetically connected with the distributor outlet (402) of the distributor (4) through a hose;
the distributor (4) comprises a distributor inlet (401) and K distributor outlets (402), and the distributor inlet (401) is hermetically connected with the air outlet of the fan (2); k is M × B.
The seedling tray is prepared from degradable materials; the joint of the upper surfaces of the vertically adjacent pot bodies of the seedling tray is provided with a special transverse cutting seam.
The gearbox (3) is internally provided with a pair of bevel gears and a pair of identical spur gears which are meshed with each other, and the pair of bevel gears are used for turning the original output of the seedling thrower so as to meet the position requirement of power transmission of the seedling taking component; a pair of identical spur gears which are meshed with each other is arranged in the gearbox, so that the first output shaft (301) of the gearbox and the second output shaft (302) of the gearbox rotate at a constant speed in opposite directions, and the seedling separating belts (612) on two sides run in opposite directions.
The cutting blade (517) is double-sided edged, the length of the cutting edge is 10-20mm, and the edge of the cutting blade (517) exceeds the top of the seedling tray by 5-10mm, so that the seedling tray conveyed longitudinally can be cut conveniently.
A left seedling separating limit grid I (628) is fixed on the left seedling separating mechanism mounting frame I (609), a left seedling separating limit grid II (619) is fixed on the left seedling separating mechanism mounting frame II (614), a right seedling separating limit grid I (620) is fixed on the right seedling separating mechanism mounting frame I (622), and a right seedling separating limit grid II (621) is fixed on the right seedling separating mechanism mounting frame II (616);
the left seedling separating limit grating I (618), the left seedling separating limit grating II (619), the right seedling separating limit grating I (620) and the right seedling separating limit grating II (621) are respectively in one-to-one correspondence with the seedling separating belts (612) right below, and seedling shifting to the adjacent seedling separating belts (612) in the seedling separating process is prevented.
B evagination intake pipe (703) along field planting founding seedling pipe (7) circumference evenly distributed: the axes of the B convex air inlet pipes (703) are eccentrically arranged relative to the axis of the planting seedling-erecting pipe (7) so as to form spiral air flow and accelerate the planting seedling-erecting downwards.
A pneumatic ordered seedling throwing method suitable for degradable seedling trays is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, accurately feeding the seedlings in a whole tray: placing the seedling tray with the plug seedlings to be picked on a seedling tray limiting plate (507) on a seedling box (506), and accurately conveying the seedling tray to the working position of a seedling picking cutter disc combination (508) under the driving of a plurality of groups of seedling conveying belts (504), wherein the positions of the pot bodies in each row correspond to the positions of the seedling conveying belts (504) below one by one;
step two, taking the seedlings in a whole row without damage: n cutting blades (517) simultaneously and accurately cut, the whole row of seedlings are taken out at one time at high speed without damage, and the taken out whole row of seedlings become a single body; the number N of the cutting blades (517) is equal to M-1, and M is the number of the seedling bowls on the seedling tray;
step three, feeding the seedlings in a whole row accurately: the single body is accurately conveyed to the seedling limiting and posture adjusting plate (522) through the seedling conveying belt (504), and the single body ensures that the seedling enters the seedling separating component (6) in a correct posture through the limiting and posture adjusting of the seedling limiting and posture adjusting plate (522);
step four, the whole row is accurately led in: after the seedlings are limited and adjusted in posture by the seedling limiting and posture adjusting plate (522), the seedlings in each hole in the whole row are simultaneously and respectively placed in the left guide grid (523) and the right guide grid (524), and after the guide effect, the seedling monomers in the whole row of dispersed seedlings respectively fall into the seedling separating belts (612) which correspond to the seedlings below;
step five, high-efficiency equidistant line division: the gearbox (3) simultaneously drives all the seedling separating belts (612) to transversely transmit, so that seedlings on the seedling separating belts (612) are driven to realize equidistant and whole-row transverse seedling separation, and the seedlings fall into the field planting seedling standing pipes (7) according to the specified intervals to prepare field planting seedlings;
step six, pneumatically planting and standing seedlings: after the seedlings fall into the field planting seedling-standing pipe (7), the seedlings vertically fall along the positive direction of the field planting seedling-standing pipe (7) under the dual actions of gravity and spiral strength, and are precisely planted in the paddy field;
each step is continuous cycle operation.
The working process of the invention is as follows: starting a seedling throwing machine, starting a fan (2) to feed a whole seedling disk with degradable seedling disks into a seedling box (506), accurately conveying the seedling disk to a seedling taking part (5) under the dual effects of gravity and a seedling conveying belt (504), accurately cutting a whole row of seedling disks into a whole row of pot seedling monomers by a seedling taking cutter head combination (508) in the seedling taking part (5), conveying the pot seedling monomers to a seedling dividing part (6) below after the position limitation and the posture adjustment of a seedling limiting and posture adjusting plate (522), distributing the whole row of the cut pot seedling monomers to each row at high speed by a plurality of seedling dividing belts (612), falling into a seedling standing pipe (7) below in the constant-speed field planting transmission of the seedling dividing belts (612), and accelerating the seedlings in a paddy field by the spiral pneumatic force of the seedling standing pipe (7).
The invention has the beneficial effect. The seedling throwing machine disclosed by the invention is based on the seedling tray made of degradable materials, the seedling tray is placed into mud during transplanting, a seedling tray recovery device is not needed, and the operation efficiency is effectively improved. During transplanting, the seedling taking part is combined through the seedling taking cutter disc, seedlings are taken from the whole row of cutting discs, the seedling discs do not need to be transversely transferred, the complexity of the seedling taking part is reduced, the seedling taking accuracy is improved, meanwhile, the seedling taking part acts on the seedling discs and is not in contact with the seedlings, and the problem that the seedlings are damaged by taking the seedlings is fundamentally solved; the seedling separating component can be suitable for accurate high-speed row separation of all whole row seedling taking modes, the row spacing can be adjusted according to different planting agronomic requirements, and the disorder of the existing seedling throwing technology is solved; the field planting seedling standing pipe adopts spiral pneumatic force to accelerate field planting seedling standing, and solves the problem that the existing machine and tool fall into the field by the self weight of the seedling and are easy to pour and float.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the upper degradation disk model of the present invention
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a dummy disc model according to the present invention
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a two-plate stack mold of the present invention
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a single structure of a cut plug tray according to the present invention
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a single seedling of the present invention
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of the rice seedling throwing machine of the present invention
FIG. 7 is a front view of the structure of the rice seedling throwing machine of the present invention
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the structure of the seedling picking member of the present invention
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the combination structure of the seedling-picking cutter head of the present invention
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the position of the seedling separating part of the present invention
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the structure of the seedling separating member of the present invention
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the position of the seedling separating zone of the present invention
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of the structure of the field planting seedling tube of the present invention
FIG. 14 is a schematic view of a dispenser according to the present invention
In the figure: 1 seedling thrower chassis 2 blower 3 gearbox 4 distributor 5 seedling taking part 6 seedling separating part 7 permanent planting seedling pipe 101 seedling thrower power output shaft 102 seedling thrower frame 301 gearbox first output shaft 302 gearbox second output shaft 401 distributor inlet 402 distributor outlet 501 seedling taking part frame 502 seedling taking part driving pulley 503 seedling taking part driven pulley 504 seedling sending belt 505 driving 506 seedling box 507 seedling tray limiting plate 508 seedling taking cutter disc combination 509 with seat bearing 510 first gear 511 second sprocket 512 first chain 513 first sprocket 514 second gear 515 seedling taking cutter disc combination driving shaft 516 seedling taking cutter disc combination limiting nut 517 cutting blade limiting sleeve 519 second chain 520 third sprocket 521 seedling regulating plate 523 left guide grid 524 right guide grid 525 seat bearing mounting plate 601 left seedling separating part I602 left seedling separating part II603 right seedling separating part II A seedling separating component II 604 right seedling separating component I605 left movable pin 606 left fixed pin 607 right movable pin 608 right fixed pin 609 seedling separating mechanism left mounting rack I610 with seat bearing 611 and bearing mounting board 612 with seat bearing mounting board 613 seedling separating belt driven pulley 614 seedling separating mechanism left mounting rack II 615 seedling separating mechanism component right mounting rack II 617 right driving pulley 618 left seedling separating guide grid I619 left seedling separating guide grid II 620 right seedling separating guide grid I621 right seedling separating guide grid II 622 seedling separating mechanism right mounting rack I701 seedling inlet port 702 seedling outlet 703 air inlet pipe.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The degradable seedling tray suitable for the seedling thrower of the invention is shown in figures 1, 2 and 3, wherein: fig. 1 is a schematic view of an upper degradation disc, fig. 2 is a schematic view of a lining disc, fig. 3 is a schematic view of a two-disc overlapped use, two discs are overlapped for use during seedling raising, a lower lining disc is removed during transplanting, seedlings in the upper degradation disc are placed on a seedling box of a seedling thrower, and after the seedlings are cut in a whole row and taken, the single-hole disc structure is shown in fig. 4, and the single-plant seedling structure is shown in fig. 5.
The structure of the seedling throwing machine of the invention is shown in figure 6, and comprises: a seedling throwing machine chassis 1, a fan 2, a gear box 3, a distributor 4, a seedling taking part 5, a seedling separating part 6 and a planting seedling standing pipe 7. As shown in fig. 7, the seedling separating component 6 is fixedly connected on a frame 102 of the seedling thrower, and power is transmitted out from a power output shaft 101 of the seedling thrower through a gear box 3; the seedling taking component 5 is connected with the seedling separating component 6 and the seedling thrower frame 102 through a seedling taking component frame 501. The seedling taking component structure is shown in fig. 8, and comprises a seedling taking component driving pulley 502, a seedling taking component driven pulley 503, a seedling conveying belt 504, a seedling box 506, a seedling tray limiting plate 507, a seedling taking cutter head combination 508 and the like, wherein: the structure of the seedling-taking cutter head assembly 508 is shown in fig. 9, and comprises: a seedling taking cutter disc combination driving shaft 515, a seedling taking cutter disc combination limiting nut 516, a cutting blade 517 and a blade limiting spacer 518; a plurality of cutting blades 517 are equidistantly fixed on a seedling taking cutter disc combined driving shaft 515 through blade limiting spacer bushes 518, one section of the seedling taking cutter disc combined driving shaft is limited by a step, and the other end of the seedling taking cutter disc combined driving shaft is locked and limited by a seedling taking cutter disc combined limiting nut 516.
As shown in fig. 10, during transplanting, seedling trays are accurately conveyed to a seedling taking cutter disc assembly 508 through seedling tray limiting plates 507 by seedling conveying belts 504, after the whole row of seedlings are taken, the postures of the seedlings are adjusted through seedling limiting and posture adjusting plates 522, and the pot seedlings divided into monomers are guided and conveyed to a seedling separating part 6 by a left guide grid 523 and a right guide grid 524.
The structure of the seedling separating component 6 is shown in fig. 11, and comprises: left seedling part I601, left seedling part II602, right seedling part II603 and right seedling part I604, take a pedestal bearing 610, divide seedling area 612, driven pulley 613 and right driving pulley 617 etc. wherein: the left seedling separating component I601 and the right seedling separating component I604 can be folded upwards; the left driving pulley 615 and the right driving pulley 617 are respectively connected with the first output shaft 302 of the gearbox and the second output shaft 301 of the gearbox through couplings to drive the seedling separating belt 612 to rotate in the constant speed and reverse direction.
The positions of the seedling separating belts 612 are shown in fig. 12, the longitudinal positions of the seedling separating belts 12 correspond to the transverse pot body positions of the seedling tray one by one, so that pot body seedlings cut and taken in rows can accurately fall on the seedling separating belts 612, and the transverse distance between the seedling separating belts 612 is equal to the seedling planting row spacing. The whole row of pot seedlings after being cut and taken are orderly arranged in rows at a high speed through the seedling separating belt 612, and the single pot seedlings are sent to the planting seedling standing pipe 7 below.
The structure of the seedling planting and erecting pipe 7 is shown in fig. 13, and comprises a seedling inlet 701 at the top end, a seedling outlet 702 at the bottom end and a plurality of air inlet pipes 703 uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction, the axis of each air inlet pipe 703 and the axis of the seedling planting and erecting pipe 7 are not on the same plane so as to form a spiral air flow, and the air inlet pipes 703 are connected with the distributor 4 through hoses.
The distributor structure is shown in fig. 14 and comprises a distributor inlet 401 and a plurality of distributor outlets 402, wherein the distributor inlet 401 is hermetically connected with the air outlets of the fan 2, and when the fan 2 is started, the single pot seedlings are orderly planted and erected in the paddy field through spiral pneumatic acceleration.
Seedling throwing process
Firstly, accurately feeding the seedlings in a whole tray: placing the seedling tray with the plug seedlings to be picked on a seedling tray limiting plate 507 on a seedling box 506, and precisely feeding the seedling tray to a working position of a seedling picking cutter head combination 508 under the driving of a plurality of groups of seedling feeding belts 504, wherein the positions of the pot bodies in each row correspond to the positions of the seedling feeding belts 504 below one by one;
step two, taking the seedlings in a whole row without damage: the 13 cutting blades 517 cut precisely at the same time, the whole row of seedlings are taken out at one time without damage at high speed, and the taken out seedlings in the whole row become a single body; wherein the number of the seedling bowls on the seedling tray is 14;
step three, feeding the seedlings in a whole row accurately: the single body is accurately conveyed to the seedling limiting and posture adjusting plate 522 through the seedling conveying belt 504, and the single body ensures that the seedling enters the seedling separating part 6 in a correct posture through the limiting and posture adjusting of the seedling limiting and posture adjusting plate 522;
step four, the whole row is accurately led in: after the seedlings are limited and adjusted in posture by the seedling limiting and posture adjusting plate 522, seedlings in each hole in the whole row are simultaneously and respectively placed in the left guide grid 523 and the right guide grid 524, and after the guiding action, the seedling single bodies in the whole row are respectively dropped onto the seedling distributing belts 612 corresponding to the seedling single bodies below the seedling single bodies;
step five, high-efficiency equidistant line division: the gearbox 3 simultaneously drives all the seedling separating belts 612 to transversely transmit, so that seedlings on the seedling separating belts 612 are driven to realize equidistant whole-row transverse seedling separation, and the seedlings fall into the field planting seedling standing pipes 7 at specified intervals to prepare field planting seedling standing;
step six, pneumatically planting and standing seedlings: after the seedlings fall into the field planting vertical seedling pipe 7, the seedlings vertically fall along the positive direction of the field planting vertical seedling pipe 7 under the dual actions of gravity and spiral strength, and are precisely planted in a paddy field; and the process is circulated.
Field test
The seedling thrower of the invention is trial-manufactured and processed by telesowing machinery Limited company of Changzhou city in Jiangsu province in 2019, the number of rows of the seedling thrower is 14, the row spacing is 25cm, and the operation width is 3.5 m. The chassis of the seedling throwing machine is a chassis of an ocean horse riding type seedling planting machine, the distributor comprises 1 inlet and 28 outlets, and the planting seedling tube comprises 1 seedling inlet, 1 seedling outlet and 2 air inlet tubes. And performing field tests by using the seedling thrower disclosed by the invention on Liyang city in 6-month-18 days, wherein the seedlings for the tests are rice pot seedlings with the seedling age of 18 days, and the seedling raising tray is a double-layer degradable seedling tray, a cutting groove is reserved on the upper tray in advance, and the specifications of the seedling tray are 14 transverse holes and 28 longitudinal holes. When in seedling throwing, 1 seedling throwing manipulator and 2 seedling loading manipulators are equipped, a machine tool is used for placing in the field and is driven to a designated position, a fan is started, the seedling loading manipulators tear off lining discs of a seedling raising disc, an upper layer degradable disc is placed on a seedling box, the machine tool moves forward and is hung to a seedling transplanting position, a power output shaft of the seedling transplanting machine drives a seedling separating part and a seedling taking part to operate, the whole disc of seedlings are conveyed to a seedling taking cutter disc combination position to be cut in a whole row under the conveying of a seedling conveying belt along the seedling box, the seedling taking cutter disc combination is arranged row by row to cut the seedling disc with a cutting groove reserved longitudinally into single bodies, the single bodies are conveyed to the seedling separating part through a left guide grid and a right guide grid, the single bodies are simultaneously separated to two sides through 14 seedling separating belts, and when the single bodies are operated to the end of a driven belt wheel, the single bodies fall into a planting vertical seedling pipe below, and are planted in a paddy field through spiral. Through tests, seedlings are thrown into the field, the phenomena of falling and floating of the seedlings are avoided, and the seedling throwing efficiency reaches 10 mu/h.
Claims (7)
1. A pneumatic ordered seedling throwing machine suitable for degradable seedling trays is characterized by comprising: a seedling throwing machine chassis (1), a gear box (3), a seedling taking part (5), a seedling separating part (6), a fan (2), a distributor (4), a planting seedling standing pipe (7), a seedling throwing machine power output shaft (101) and a seedling throwing machine frame (102);
the seedling taking part (5) comprises: a seedling taking part rack (501), a gear box (3), a seedling taking part driving pulley (502), a seedling taking part driven pulley (503), a seedling conveying belt (504), a driving gear (505), a seedling box (506), a seedling tray limiting plate (507), a seedling taking cutter head combination (508), a seedling limiting and posture adjusting plate (522), a bearing with a seat (509) and a bearing mounting plate with a seat (525);
the seedling taking component rack (501) is arranged on the seedling throwing machine rack (102); the gearbox (3), the seedling limiting and posture adjusting plate (522), the seedling taking part driving belt wheel (502), the seedling taking cutter head combination (508), the driving gear (505), the seedling taking part driven belt wheel (503) and the seedling box (506) are sequentially arranged on the seedling taking part rack (501);
the power input end of the seedling taking part (5) is connected with the power output shaft (101) of the seedling throwing machine through a gearbox (3);
a seedling tray limiting plate (507) is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the seedling box (506); the seedling tray (506) is arranged above the seedling tray limit plate (507), and the seedling tray limit plate (507) is positioned in a gap below the seedling tray pot body to prevent the seedling tray from moving left and right in the transferring process; the seedling box (506) is positioned on a seedling conveying belt (504), and the seedling conveying belt (504) is connected with a seedling taking part driving belt wheel (502) and a seedling taking part driven belt wheel (503); the number of the seedling conveying belts (504) is equal to the number of the operation lines, and the seedling conveying belts (504) are independent and parallel to each other;
the seedling taking part driving belt wheel (502) is fixedly connected to a bearing with a seat (509), the bearing with the seat (509) is connected with a bearing mounting plate with a seat (525) and is fixed above the seedling taking part rack (501), and a first gear (510) and a second chain wheel (511) are fixedly connected to one end, close to a gearbox, of the seedling taking part driving belt wheel (502); the second chain wheel (511) is a double-row chain wheel and is connected with the first chain wheel (513) through a first chain (512) to rotate at a constant speed along the clockwise direction; the first chain wheel (513) is fixed on a first output shaft (301) of the gear box and is connected with a power output shaft (101) of the seedling throwing machine through the gear box (3);
the first gear (510) is meshed with the second gear (514), and the first gear (510) rotates at a constant speed along with the seedling taking component driving belt wheel (502) along the clockwise direction; the second gear (514) is fixedly connected to the right side of the seedling taking cutter head assembly (508);
get seedling blade disc combination (508) and include: a seedling taking cutter disc combined driving shaft (515), a seedling taking cutter disc combined limiting nut (516), a cutting blade (517) and a blade limiting spacer bush (518); n cutting blades (517) are fixed on a seedling taking cutter disc combined driving shaft (515) at equal intervals through a blade limiting spacer bush (518) and a seedling taking cutter disc combined limiting nut (516); the distance is equal to the distance between two transversely adjacent holes of the seedling tray; the number of the seedling pots on the seedling tray is M, and the number N of the cutting blades (517) is M-1;
a left guide grid (523) and a right guide grid (524) are arranged below the seedling taking cutter head combination (508); the edge of the cutting blade (517) exceeds the top of the seedling tray, and a cutting blade (517) is arranged between every two adjacent seedling conveying belts (504);
the left guide grid (523) and the right guide grid (524) are fixed on the seedling separating component (6);
the seedling separating part (6) comprises: the seedling separating device comprises a gearbox (3), a gearbox first output shaft (301), a gearbox second output shaft (302), a left seedling separating component I (601), a left seedling separating component II (602), a right seedling separating component II (603) and a right seedling separating component I (604); the left seedling separating component I (601) and the left seedling separating component II (602) are connected by a left movable pin shaft (605) and a left fixed pin shaft (606), and the left seedling separating component I (601) can rotate around the left fixed pin shaft (606) and can be folded upwards; the right seedling separating part I (604) and the right seedling separating part II (603) are connected by a right movable pin shaft (607) and a right fixed pin shaft (608), and the right seedling separating part I (604) can rotate around the right fixed pin shaft (608) and can be folded upwards;
the left seedling separating component I (601) comprises: left mounting rack I (609) and 2M of seedling separating mechanism1A bearing with a seat (610), 2M1Bearing mounting plate with pedestal (611), M1Seedling separating belt (612), M1A driven pulley (613); the left seedling separating component II (602) comprises a left mounting rack II (614) of a seedling separating mechanism, a left fixed pin shaft (606) and a 2M seedling separating mechanism2A bearing with a seat (610), 2M2Bearing mounting plate with pedestal (611), M2A seedling separating belt (612), a left driving pulley (615), M2A driven pulley (613); the structures of the right seedling separating part I (604) and the right seedling separating part II (603) are respectively the same as the structures of the left seedling separating part I (601) and the left seedling separating part II (602); m1+M2＝M/2; the seedling separating belts (612) are independent from each other;
the left seedling separating component II (602) is arranged on the seedling thrower rack (102) through a left seedling separating component mounting rack II (614), and a seedling taking component (5) is connected above the left seedling separating component II;
two ends of the left driving belt wheel (615) are respectively fixed on a left mounting rack II (614) of the seedling separating component through a bearing with a seat (610); the driven pulley (613) is connected with a left driving pulley (615) through a seedling separating belt (612); two ends of the driven belt wheel (613) are respectively connected with a belt seat bearing (610) and fixed on a belt seat bearing mounting plate (611); the bearing mounting plates (611) with the seats are equidistantly arranged on the left mounting rack II (614) of the seedling separating mechanism;
the right seedling separating part II (603) has the same structure as the left seedling separating part II (602), and is arranged on the seedling thrower rack (102) through a right seedling separating mechanism part mounting rack II (616); the right seedling separating part II (603) is staggered above the left seedling separating part II (602) so as to ensure that the longitudinal distance (advancing direction of the seedling thrower) between all adjacent seedling separating belts (612) is equal to the distance between the transverse adjacent pot bodies of the seedling tray, and simultaneously ensure that the transverse distance between the adjacent projections is equal to the required seedling row spacing L when all driven belt wheels (613) are orthographically projected;
the left driving pulley (615) and the right driving pulley (617) are respectively connected with a first output shaft (302) and a second output shaft (301) of the gearbox through couplings;
the left seedling separation guide grid I (618) is fixed on the left mounting rack I (609) of the seedling separation component, the left seedling separation guide grid II (619) is fixed on the left mounting rack II (614) of the seedling separation component, the right seedling separation guide grid I (620) is fixed on the right mounting rack I (622) of the seedling separation mechanism, and the right seedling separation guide grid II (621) is fixed on the left mounting rack II (616) of the seedling separation component; each seedling separation guide grid is respectively positioned right above the corresponding seedling separation belt (612);
a planting seedling-erecting pipe (7) is correspondingly fixed below each driven belt wheel (613);
each planting seedling tube (7) comprises B convex air inlet pipes (703), a seedling inlet (701) positioned at the top end of the planting seedling tube (7) and a seedling outlet (702) positioned at the bottom end of the planting seedling tube (7); the planting seedling tube (7) is a cylindrical through body which is communicated up and down, and the seedling inlet (701) and the seedling outlet (702) are corresponding to each other in the up-and-down position; the seedling inlet (701) is in a bell mouth shape with a large upper part and a small lower part; the inner diameter of the seedling emergence opening (702) is 10-20mm larger than the outer diameter of the seedling pot body; the included angle between the air inlet pipe (703) and the axis of the planting seedling tube (7) is 40-45 degrees; the air inlet pipe (703) is communicated with the planting seedling tube (7), and the distance between the communicated joint and the inlet of the planting seedling tube (7) is 1/3; b is greater than or equal to 2;
the air inlet pipe (703) of the field planting seedling tube (7) is hermetically connected with the distributor outlet (402) of the distributor (4) through a hose;
the distributor (4) comprises a distributor inlet (401) and K distributor outlets (402), and the distributor inlet (401) is hermetically connected with the air outlet of the fan (2); k is M × B.
2. The pneumatic ordered seedling throwing machine suitable for degradable seedling trays according to claim 1, wherein: the seedling tray is prepared from degradable materials; the joint of the upper surfaces of the vertically adjacent pot bodies of the seedling tray is provided with a special transverse cutting seam.
3. The pneumatic ordered seedling throwing machine suitable for degradable seedling trays according to claim 1, wherein: the gearbox (3) is internally provided with a pair of bevel gears and a pair of identical spur gears which are meshed with each other, and the pair of bevel gears are used for turning the original output of the seedling thrower so as to meet the position requirement of power transmission of the seedling taking component; a pair of identical spur gears which are meshed with each other is arranged in the gearbox, so that the first output shaft (301) of the gearbox and the second output shaft (302) of the gearbox rotate at a constant speed in opposite directions, and the seedling separating belts (612) on two sides run in opposite directions.
4. The pneumatic ordered seedling throwing machine suitable for degradable seedling trays according to claim 1, wherein: the cutting blade (517) is double-sided edged, the length of the cutting edge is 10-20mm, and the edge of the cutting blade (517) exceeds the top of the seedling tray by 5-10mm, so that the seedling tray conveyed longitudinally can be cut conveniently.
5. The pneumatic ordered seedling throwing machine suitable for degradable seedling trays according to claim 1, wherein:
a left seedling separating limit grid I (628) is fixed on the left seedling separating mechanism mounting frame I (609), a left seedling separating limit grid II (619) is fixed on the left seedling separating mechanism mounting frame II (614), a right seedling separating limit grid I (620) is fixed on the right seedling separating mechanism mounting frame I (622), and a right seedling separating limit grid II (621) is fixed on the right seedling separating mechanism mounting frame II (616);
the left seedling separating limit grating I (618), the left seedling separating limit grating II (619), the right seedling separating limit grating I (620) and the right seedling separating limit grating II (621) are respectively in one-to-one correspondence with the seedling separating belts (612) right below, and seedling shifting to the adjacent seedling separating belts (612) in the seedling separating process is prevented.
6. The pneumatic ordered seedling throwing machine suitable for degradable seedling trays according to claim 1, wherein the B convex air inlet pipes (703) are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the planting seedling standing pipe (7): the axes of the B convex air inlet pipes (703) are eccentrically arranged relative to the axis of the planting seedling-erecting pipe (7) so as to form spiral air flow and accelerate the planting seedling-erecting downwards.
7. A seedling-throwing method of a pneumatic ordered seedling-throwing machine suitable for degradable seedling trays according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, accurately feeding the seedlings in a whole tray: placing the seedling tray with the plug seedlings to be picked on a seedling tray limiting plate (507) on a seedling box (506), and accurately conveying the seedling tray to the working position of a seedling picking cutter disc combination (508) under the driving of a plurality of groups of seedling conveying belts (504), wherein the positions of the pot bodies in each row correspond to the positions of the seedling conveying belts (504) below one by one;
step two, taking the seedlings in a whole row without damage: n cutting blades (517) simultaneously and accurately cut, the whole row of seedlings are taken out at one time at high speed without damage, and the taken out whole row of seedlings become a single body; the number N of the cutting blades (517) is equal to M-1, and M is the number of the seedling bowls on the seedling tray;
step three, feeding the seedlings in a whole row accurately: the single body is accurately conveyed to the seedling limiting and posture adjusting plate (522) through the seedling conveying belt (504), and the single body ensures that the seedling enters the seedling separating component (6) in a correct posture through the limiting and posture adjusting of the seedling limiting and posture adjusting plate (522);
step four, the whole row is accurately led in: after the seedlings are limited and adjusted in posture by the seedling limiting and posture adjusting plate (522), the seedlings in each hole in the whole row are simultaneously and respectively placed in the left guide grid (523) and the right guide grid (524), and after the guide effect, the seedling monomers in the whole row of dispersed seedlings respectively fall into the seedling separating belts (612) which correspond to the seedlings below;
step five, high-efficiency equidistant line division: the gearbox (3) simultaneously drives all the seedling separating belts (612) to transversely transmit, so that seedlings on the seedling separating belts (612) are driven to realize equidistant and whole-row transverse seedling separation, and the seedlings fall into the field planting seedling standing pipes (7) according to the specified intervals to prepare field planting seedlings;
step six, pneumatically planting and standing seedlings: after the seedlings fall into the field planting seedling-standing pipe (7), the seedlings vertically fall along the positive direction of the field planting seedling-standing pipe (7) under the dual actions of gravity and spiral strength, and are precisely planted in the paddy field;
each step is continuous cycle operation.
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911219173.1A CN110972646B (en) | 2019-12-03 | 2019-12-03 | Pneumatic ordered seedling throwing machine suitable for degradable seedling tray and seedling throwing method |
| AU2020397138A AU2020397138B2 (en) | 2019-12-03 | 2020-06-09 | Pneumatic orderly-operated seedling throwing machine suitable for degradable seedling tray, and seedling throwing method |
| JP2021533323A JP7005818B1 (en) | 2019-12-03 | 2020-06-09 | Airflow force type suitable for biodegradable seedling trays Seedling planting machine and seedling throwing method for planting seedlings in order |
| PCT/CN2020/095150 WO2021109520A1 (en) | 2019-12-03 | 2020-06-09 | Pneumatic orderly-operated seedling throwing machine suitable for degradable seedling tray, and seedling throwing method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911219173.1A CN110972646B (en) | 2019-12-03 | 2019-12-03 | Pneumatic ordered seedling throwing machine suitable for degradable seedling tray and seedling throwing method |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN110972646A true CN110972646A (en) | 2020-04-10 |
| CN110972646B CN110972646B (en) | 2023-12-05 |
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| CN201911219173.1A Active CN110972646B (en) | 2019-12-03 | 2019-12-03 | Pneumatic ordered seedling throwing machine suitable for degradable seedling tray and seedling throwing method |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP7005818B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN110972646B (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2020397138B2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2021109520A1 (en) |
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| CN111699797A (en) * | 2020-07-22 | 2020-09-25 | 汪滔 | Seedling throwing device capable of improving survival rate of seedlings |
| CN111972097A (en) * | 2020-08-25 | 2020-11-24 | 湖北文理学院 | Tectorial membrane transplanter |
| CN111972096A (en) * | 2020-08-25 | 2020-11-24 | 湖北文理学院 | Transplanting device and film-covered transplanting machine |
| CN112703866A (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-04-27 | 农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所 | Be suitable for high efficiency of degradable material seedling growing to get seedling mechanism |
| WO2021109520A1 (en) * | 2019-12-03 | 2021-06-10 | 农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所 | Pneumatic orderly-operated seedling throwing machine suitable for degradable seedling tray, and seedling throwing method |
| CN114616957A (en) * | 2022-04-18 | 2022-06-14 | 华南农业大学 | Single-plant transplanting device and method for rice seedlings |
| CN115462223A (en) * | 2022-10-25 | 2022-12-13 | 江西农业大学 | Ordered seedling throwing device for pot blanket seedlings |
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| CN117099541A (en) * | 2023-08-23 | 2023-11-24 | 中国农业大学 | High-speed cutting and orderly throwing-planting machine and cutting and throwing-planting method for blanket-shaped rice seedlings |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2020397138B2 (en) | 2021-09-23 |
| AU2020397138A1 (en) | 2021-07-15 |
| JP2022513789A (en) | 2022-02-09 |
| WO2021109520A1 (en) | 2021-06-10 |
| JP7005818B1 (en) | 2022-01-24 |
| CN110972646B (en) | 2023-12-05 |
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