CN117099541A - High-speed cutting and orderly throwing-planting machine and cutting and throwing-planting method for blanket-shaped rice seedlings - Google Patents
High-speed cutting and orderly throwing-planting machine and cutting and throwing-planting method for blanket-shaped rice seedlings Download PDFInfo
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- CN117099541A CN117099541A CN202311069145.2A CN202311069145A CN117099541A CN 117099541 A CN117099541 A CN 117099541A CN 202311069145 A CN202311069145 A CN 202311069145A CN 117099541 A CN117099541 A CN 117099541A
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- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 title 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 210000000078 claw Anatomy 0.000 claims description 64
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 abstract description 3
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000009418 agronomic effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 241001391944 Commicarpus scandens Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C11/00—Transplanting machines
- A01C11/003—Transplanting machines for aquatic plants; for planting underwater, e.g. rice
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C11/00—Transplanting machines
- A01C11/006—Other parts or details or planting machines
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Transplanting Machines (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a high-speed cutting and orderly throwing-planting machine and a cutting and throwing-planting method for rice blanket seedlings. The rice blanket seedling high-speed dicing and orderly throwing and planting machine comprises a walking chassis and a planting system. The planting system consists of a seedling box, a plurality of supporting arms, a seedling box bracket, a seedling pressing rod, a longitudinal seedling conveying mechanism, a longitudinal cutter mechanism, a transverse cutter mechanism, a planting mechanism, a ridge mud supporting plate, a fixed beam and the like; the cutting and throwing planting method comprises the steps of longitudinal cutting of blanket seedlings, transverse cutting, high-speed ordered throwing planting, field planting of standing seedlings and shallow surface layer planting; the invention can realize the orderly throwing planting operation of blanket-shaped seedling cutting blocks, has the characteristics of good soil pot integrity of the throwing seedling blocks, high operation efficiency, shallow planting, small planting injury, no green turning period and the like, has obvious agronomic technical advantages, can enable pot seedlings to grow early and quick, and improves the yield of rice.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of automatic agricultural planting machinery, in particular to a high-speed dicing ordered throwing planting machine and a dicing throwing planting method for blanket-shaped rice seedlings.
Background
The rice blanket seedling machine transplanting is a rice planting mode commonly adopted at present, and high-quality soil-carrying blanket seedlings are orderly transplanted into a field by using a matched transplanter, so that the rice blanket seedling machine has the characteristics of mature seedling raising technology, high machine transplanting efficiency, high operation quality, low transplanting unit price, contribution to large-scale planting and the like. However, the blanket seedling machine transplanting has a plurality of limitations, which limit the full play of the rice yield potential: the seedling claw is used for picking the seedling and tearing off the blanket-shaped root system when the blanket-shaped seedling machine is used for transplanting, serious damage is caused to the seedling root system, and a seedling recovering period is 5-7 d after the seedling is transplanted, so that the growth period of the rice is prolonged by 7-10 d, the growth period of the rice is insufficient, and the risk that the rice encounters severe weather such as 'cold in the back spring', 'cold dew wind' and the like is increased; when the seedling claw picks up the seedling, the seedling blanket is torn off, the substrate wrapping the root system is scattered to expose the root system, the seedling block soil pot is incomplete and irregular (the seedling block comprises the soil pot and the stem and leaf, and the soil pot is formed by winding and wrapping the root system and the substrate), the growth substrate and the nutrition components of the root system cannot be completely reserved, and the seedling is not easy to be recovered after the seedling is transplanted; the planting depth is large and is generally 2-4 cm, so that the seedling reviving and early emergence are affected, the high-section tillering is more, and the spike forming rate is reduced.
Compared with blanket seedling machine transplanting, the seedling transplanting method can cultivate independent seedling-carrying pot-growing seedling, has high seedling quality, orderly and accurately transplanting, has the advantages of pot Miao Jianzhi, no transplanting injury, quick turning, more low-section effective tillers, no prolongation of the growth period of the rice, obvious yield increasing effect and the like, saves seeds and water, saves fertilizer, has obvious yield increasing effect, solves the problem of insufficient growth period of the blanket seedling machine transplanting, and is the best technical mode for realizing high yield, high quality and high efficiency in current rice production. However, at present, the pot seedling transplanting machine mainly introduces Japanese technology, has high requirements on seedling raising technology, particularly high seedling raising cost, high transportation difficulty and high labor requirement due to high price of seedling trays.
The Chinese patent No. 113321996A (a dicing seedling throwing device for the rice blanket seedlings) provides a dicing seedling throwing device for the rice blanket seedlings, which comprises a frame, a conveying device, a cutting device, a seedling blanket bearing device, a seedling guiding seedling throwing device, a blanket seedling tray and a seedling ditch, wherein the conveying device comprises a first seedling conveying device, a second seedling conveying device and an accurate seedling conveying device, the cutting device comprises a first cutter shaft group, a second cutter shaft group and a longitudinal cutting cutter group, the rice blanket seedling tray is subjected to three-stage conveying and three-stage cutting to cut the rice blanket seedlings into independent seedling throwing units, and finally the seedling guiding seedling throwing device throws the rice blanket seedlings into a field. The device has a complex structure, the seedlings are subjected to three-stage conveying and three-stage cutting, the operation procedure is complex, the operation efficiency is low, the seedling throwing unit falls down through the seedling guiding pipe by gravity to throw the seedlings, the Miao Kuai is easy to break due to friction collision with the pipe wall, the lighter seedling blocks are difficult to reach the speed of penetrating mud, the seedlings are easy to float and turn over, the throwing quality is poor, the operation efficiency is low, the production cost is high, and the large-area popularization and application of the light simplified planting technology of the rice pot seedling throwing are severely restricted.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects existing in the prior art, from the perspective of agricultural machinery and agricultural integration, the invention aims to provide the high-speed cutting and orderly throwing and planting machine for the blanket seedlings of the paddy rice, which combines the advantages of mature, efficient and low-investment blanket seedling raising technology and the advantages of high quality agricultural technologies such as complete soil pot for throwing and planting the seedlings of the pot, shallow planting, no root damage and the like. The throwing and planting machine
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a rice blanket seedling high-speed cutting is ordered throws and plants machine, includes walking chassis (1), its characterized in that still includes:
a frame connected with the walking chassis 1; the seedling box and the driving assembly are arranged on the frame; the machine frame is provided with a transverse seedling feeding mechanism and a planting mechanism; the seedling box is provided with a longitudinal seedling feeding mechanism and a longitudinal cutter mechanism;
the machine frame comprises a seedling box support 10 and a fixed beam 28, wherein the lower end of the seedling box support 10 is fixedly arranged on the fixed beam 28, one end of a plurality of supporting arms 35 is fixedly connected with the fixed beam 28, and each supporting arm 35 is provided with a supporting rod I29; the transverse cutter mechanism is arranged on the supporting arm 35; the ridge mud supporting plate 9 is fixedly connected to the fixed beam 28; the walking chassis 1 provides power for a longitudinal seedling feeding mechanism, a transverse seedling feeding mechanism and a planting mechanism through a driving assembly;
the upper part of the seedling box is provided with a positioning upper slide way 11, the upper end of the seedling box bracket 10 is in sliding contact with the positioning upper slide way 11, the guide rail 6 is fixedly arranged on the plurality of support rods I29, and the guide rail 6 is provided with a plurality of seedling taking openings 41; the bottom end of the seedling box is supported on the guide rail 6 in a sliding way;
the seedling box can slide left and right relative to the frame through the guide rail 6 and the upper positioning slideway 11 under the drive of the transverse seedling feeding mechanism;
the longitudinal seedling feeding mechanism is used for conveying the seedling blanket 8 from the upper part of the seedling box to the lower part of the seedling box.
On the basis of the above-mentioned scheme,
the seedling box comprises a plurality of seedling placing units, each seedling placing unit comprises a seedling box bottom plate 3, each seedling box bottom plate 3 is fixedly connected with a positioning upper slide rail 11, the upper part of each seedling box bottom plate 3 is inserted with an inserting plate 2, and the lower part of each seedling box bottom plate 3 is provided with a square vacancy 39; the longitudinal seedling feeding mechanism is arranged at a square vacancy 39 arranged at the lower part of the seedling box bottom plate 3.
On the basis of the above-mentioned scheme,
the transverse seedling conveying mechanism comprises a double-screw shaft 50, the double-screw shaft 50 is fixedly supported on the fixed beam 28 through a bracket III 49, one end of the double-screw shaft 50 is connected with a power transmission box 48, and the power transmission box 48 is powered by a driving assembly; one end of a sliding sleeve 51 is sleeved on the double-screw shaft 50, the other end of the sliding sleeve 51 is connected with one end of a seedling box connecting block 52, and the other end of the seedling box connecting block 52 is fixedly connected with the lower part of the seedling box; when the double-screw shaft 50 rotates, the sliding sleeve 51 can move left and right along the double-screw shaft 50, and meanwhile, the seedling box can move left and right on the guide rail 6 under the drive of the sliding sleeve 51;
the longitudinal seedling conveying mechanism comprises four brackets I22, the four brackets I22 are respectively arranged at the edges of two sides of the lower part of the seedling box, wherein the two brackets I22 are respectively close to the upper edges of square gaps 39 at two sides of the seedling box, and the two brackets I22 are respectively close to the lower edges of the square gaps 39 at two sides of the seedling box;
the two brackets I22 close to the upper edges of the square vacancies 39 on the two sides of the seedling box are provided with the driven pulley shafts 12, and the two brackets I22 close to the lower edges of the square vacancies 39 on the two sides of the seedling box are provided with the driving pulley shafts 21; the driving belt wheels 20 and the driven belt wheels 13 are respectively arranged on the driving belt wheel shaft 21 and the driven belt wheel shaft 12 in a penetrating way, and the driving belt wheels 20 and the driven belt wheels 13 respectively correspond to square gaps 39 at the lower parts of the seedling box bottom plates 3; the plurality of longitudinal seedling conveying belts 14 are arranged at square gaps 39 at the lower parts of the seedling box bottom plates 3 through a plurality of driving pulleys 20 and driven pulleys 13 corresponding to the driving pulleys; one end of the driving pulley shaft 21 is connected with the driving assembly;
seedling box partition boards 4 are arranged between the seedling box bottom boards 3 and at two sides of the seedling box, a plurality of seedling pressing rod brackets 38 are fixedly arranged on the seedling box partition boards 4, and a plurality of seedling pressing rods 5 are arranged between the seedling pressing rod brackets 38.
On the basis of the above-mentioned scheme,
the longitudinal cutter mechanism comprises a longitudinal cutter shaft 42, the longitudinal cutter shaft 42 spans the seedling box and is arranged on two brackets II 23 arranged on two sides of the seedling box, and one end of the longitudinal cutter shaft 42 is connected with a motor II 16; a plurality of strip-shaped notches 19 are arranged on the seedling box bottom plate 3 below each square gap 39; a plurality of longitudinal sliding cutters 17 are arranged on the longitudinal cutter shafts 42; the number and positions of all the longitudinal sliding cutters 17 correspond to those of all the long strip-shaped notches 19, and the blade parts of the longitudinal sliding cutters 17 can extend from the corresponding long strip-shaped notches 19 to slide-cut the blanket into the strip-shaped blanket.
On the basis of the above-mentioned scheme,
the longitudinal sliding cutters 17 in each seedling placing unit are fixed on the longitudinal cutter shafts 42 in a group of every adjacent four pairs, each longitudinal sliding cutter 17 in each group is spirally arranged at 60-degree intervals around the longitudinal cutter shafts 42 until the next group of longitudinal sliding cutters 17 is continuously arranged after the seedling placing unit is fully arranged by 180 degrees, and the arrangement forms of the longitudinal sliding cutters 17 in each group are the same until all the longitudinal sliding cutters 17 in the seedling placing unit are arranged; if the last group of longitudinal sliding cutters 17 is less than four, the arrangement mode is as above, and the angle between the first handle and the last handle is the product of the number of the handles minus 1 and 60 degrees; all of the longitudinal sliding cutters 17 on the longitudinal cutter shaft 42 are arranged in a 180 plane on one side of the cross-sectional centerline of the longitudinal cutter shaft 42.
On the basis of the above-mentioned scheme,
the transverse cutter mechanism comprises a crankshaft 27, the crankshaft 27 spans the whole seedling box and is respectively fixed on a plurality of supporting arms 35 through a plurality of supporting rods II 30, and one end of the crankshaft 27 is connected with a motor I15; the crankshaft 27 is provided with a plurality of connecting rod journals with the same positions, the number of the connecting rod journals corresponds to that of the seedling placing units, one ends of a plurality of connecting rods 26 are movably connected with the middle positions of the connecting rod journals in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and the other ends of the connecting rods 26 are respectively connected with a transverse cutter 40; a plurality of transverse cutters 40 can respectively extend out from one side of the bottom of the seedling box bottom plate 3 through corresponding seedling taking openings 41 arranged on the guide rail 6, and the strip-shaped seedling blanket is transversely cut to obtain seedling blocks.
On the basis of the above-mentioned scheme,
the planting mechanism comprises: each support arm 35 internally mounts a driven sprocket and a drive sprocket; two sides of the driven chain wheel are connected with two rotary boxes 34, and each rotary box 34 is provided with two planting arms 36 (a seedling claw retraction type planting arm described in Chinese patent No. 113016295A); the drive sprocket is powered by the power transfer case 48; a seedling guide rod 37 is arranged below each seedling taking port 41;
five gears are arranged in each rotary box 34 and are arranged in a straight line, each gear comprises a sun gear 46, two sides of each sun gear 46 are respectively meshed with an idler gear 45, and the outer sides of the two idler gears 45 are respectively meshed with a planet gear 44; the two sides of the sprocket shaft of the driven sprocket are fixedly connected with the shells of the two rotary boxes 34 respectively, the sun gear 46 inside the two rotary boxes 34 is fixedly connected to the shell of the supporting arm 35, the shell of the rotary boxes 34 can be regarded as a bracket of the planet gear 44 and the idler gear 45, the rotary boxes 34 rotate along with the driven sprocket, the sun gear 46 is fixed and does not rotate, and the planet gear 44 and the idler gear 45 revolve around the sun gear 45 and rotate under the drive of the shell of the supporting arm 35; one planting arm 36 is connected to each of the two planetary gears 44;
the planting arm 36 is provided with a seedling blocking rod 32 and a seedling claw 33; the seedling claw 33 can extend and retract during operation, and the seedling blocking rod 32 is stationary.
On the basis of the above-mentioned scheme,
the ridge mud supporting plate 9 is provided with a plurality of ridge squeezing channels, the number and the positions of the ridge squeezing channels correspond to those of the seedling taking openings 41, the ridge squeezing channels are trapezoid, one side, close to the walking chassis 1, of each ridge squeezing channel is provided with a mud inlet, the other side of each ridge squeezing channel is provided with a mud outlet, and the mud inlet is larger than the mud outlet.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for cutting and throwing rice blanket seedlings.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the rice blanket seedling dicing and throwing planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, respectively placing a plurality of seedling blankets 8 on a plurality of seedling box bottom plates 3, and sliding the seedling blankets 8 to a longitudinal sliding knife 17 under the action of gravity and a longitudinal seedling conveying belt 14 to form a plurality of strip-shaped seedling blankets;
step 2, continuously moving a plurality of strip-shaped seedling blankets downwards to a guide rail 6 at the bottommost part of a seedling box, wherein the bottommost end of a first strip-shaped seedling blanket at the rightmost side or leftmost side reaches a seedling taking port 41, the seedling box is positioned at one side extreme position of the guide rail 6, namely the initial working position of the seedling box, a seedling claw 33 on a planting arm 36 connected with one end of a rotary box 34 presses the end part of the strip-shaped seedling blanket along a circular track 43 under the driving of the rotary box 34, and a transverse cutter 40 arranged behind the seedling taking port 41 extends out from the seedling taking port 41 and penetrates from the lower part of the strip-shaped seedling blanket under the driving of a crankshaft 27 to cut the end part of the strip-shaped seedling blanket into a seedling block with a soil pot 25; the transverse cutter 40 is retracted from the seedling taking port 41, the transverse seedling feeding mechanism drives the seedling box to transversely move in the opposite direction of the initial working position, the end parts of the strip-shaped seedling blankets adjacent to the strip-shaped seedling blanket which just passes through the transverse cutting are aligned with the seedling taking port 41, the seedling claw 33 on the planting arm 36 connected with the other end of the rotary box 34 presses the end parts of the strip-shaped seedling blanket aligned with the seedling taking port 41 along the right circular track 43, and the transverse cutter 40 is driven by the crankshaft 27 to extend out of the seedling taking port 41 again to cut the end parts of the strip-shaped seedling blanket so as to obtain seedling blocks with soil bowls 25; the above actions are circulated until the transverse cutting of the first row of strip-shaped seedling blankets at the lowest part in the seedling placing unit is finished, and the seedling box moves to the extreme position at the other side of the guide rail 6; at the moment, the longitudinal seedling feeding mechanism works once, namely the longitudinal seedling feeding belt 16 rotates once, the seedling blanket 8 is downwards fed to the cutting depth of a longitudinal sliding cutter 17, and a plurality of strip-shaped seedling blankets downwards move to the bottommost guide rail 6 of the seedling box to be continuously transversely diced; simultaneously, the longitudinal cutter 17 works once, the section of the seedling blanket 8 which moves downwards is cut into a plurality of strip-shaped seedling blankets, the seedling box returns to the transverse seedling feeding direction towards the direction of the initial working position until the transverse cutting of the second row of strip-shaped seedling blankets is finished, and at the moment, the seedling box moves to the initial working position on the guide rail 6. Reciprocating until all the strip-shaped seedling blankets in each seedling placing unit are transversely cut;
step 3, the seedling blocks are transported away from the seedling taking opening 41 along the seedling guiding rod 37 by the seedling claw 33 from the seedling taking opening 41 according to the right circular track 43; when the seedling block moves to the tail end of the seedling guide rod 37, the seedling claw 33 is retracted, the seedling block is separated from the seedling claw 33 at a certain speed under the action of the seedling blocking rod 34 and self inertia, and the separation track is a circumferential tangential direction 47 along the circular track 43 of the seedling claw;
and 4, after the seedling block is separated from the seedling claw 33, the speed of the stem leaves 24 at the upper part of the seedling block is reduced after the stem leaves are contacted with the seedling blocking rod 34, so that the verticality of the soil pot 25 entering mud is corrected, and the soil pot 25 is penetrated into the mud on the ridge extruded through the ridge extruding channel on the ridge mud supporting plate 9 at a certain speed.
The invention relates to a high-speed cutting and orderly throwing-planting machine and a cutting and throwing-planting method for rice blanket seedlings, which have the beneficial effects that:
(1) The method realizes the orderly transplanting operation of the blanket seedlings, has good soil pot integrity of the transplanting blocks, has the technical advantages of high speed, shallow planting, small planting injury and no turning green period, and has the technical advantages of early growth and quick emergence of pot seedling cultivation so as to fully exert the potential of rice yield.
(2) The seedling blocks are accelerated by the seedling claws to throw seedlings in low altitude, so that the seedlings are not easy to float and fall when wind or thunder rain is encountered in the field.
(3) The rotary box adopts a spur gear planetary system, and the rotary box rotates around a circle to throw and plant the planting arm twice, so that the operation efficiency is high.
(4) The seedling claw static track is a perfect circle, the track is simple, no break points and abrupt changes exist, the operation is stable, the mechanism does not have impact vibration, and the reliability is relatively high when the mechanism runs at a high speed.
(5) The ridge mud supporting plate is adopted to squeeze the ridge, so that the effects of planting standing seedlings and increasing the ground temperature can be achieved, and the later growth of seedlings is facilitated.
Drawings
The invention has the following drawings:
FIG. 1 is a general front three-dimensional schematic of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a three-dimensional schematic view of the back of the seedling box of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged schematic view of portion A of FIG. 2 in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged partial schematic view of portion B of FIG. 2 in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged partial schematic view of section C (transverse seedling feeding mechanism) of FIG. 2 according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing the transverse seedling feeding of the seedling box sliding along the guide rail;
FIG. 7 is a three-dimensional schematic view of the dicing and throwing structure of the invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the lower part structure of the seedling box bottom plate of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a three-dimensional schematic of portion D of FIG. 7 in accordance with the invention;
FIG. 10 is a three-dimensional schematic view of the arrangement of each set of longitudinal sliding cutters of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a three-dimensional schematic view of the overall arrangement of the longitudinal sliding cutters of the seedling-placing unit of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a three-dimensional schematic view of a transverse cutter mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a three-dimensional schematic view of the circular locus of the seedling claw of the planting arm of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a three-dimensional schematic view of a right circular gear planetary gear train of the invention;
FIG. 15 is a three-dimensional schematic view of a seedling claw of the present invention cutting a seedling;
FIG. 16 is a three-dimensional schematic view of the seedling claw of the present invention;
FIG. 17 is a three-dimensional schematic view of the present invention with the seedling claw separated from the seedling block;
FIG. 18 is a three-dimensional schematic view of a seedling block throwing process of the present invention;
fig. 19 is a three-dimensional schematic view of a seedling block shallow stand seedling of the invention.
In the figure: 1. the walking chassis, 2, the plugboard, 3, the seedling box bottom plate, 4, the seedling box partition board, 5, the seedling pressing rod, 6, the guide rail, 7, the mud ridge, 8, the seedling blanket, 9, the ridge mud supporting plate, 10, the seedling box bracket, 11, the positioning upper slide way, 12, the driven pulley shaft, 13, the driven pulley, 14, the longitudinal seedling conveying belt, 15, the motor I,16, the motor II,17, the longitudinal sliding knife, 18, the spacer sleeve, 19, the strip-shaped notch, 20, the driving pulley, 21, the driving pulley shaft, 22, the bracket I,23, the bracket II,24, the stem leaf, 25, the soil pot, 26, the connecting rod, 27 and the crankshaft, 28, a fixed beam, 29, a supporting rod I,30, a supporting rod II,31, a U-shaped bolt, 32, a seedling blocking rod, 33, a seedling claw, 34, a rotary box, 35, a supporting arm, 36, a planting arm, 37, a seedling guiding rod, 38, a seedling pressing rod bracket, 39, a square vacancy, 40, a transverse cutter, 41, a seedling taking opening, 42, a longitudinal cutter shaft, 43, a right circular track, 44, a planet wheel, 45, an idler wheel, 46, a sun wheel, 47, a circumferential tangential direction, 48, a power transmission box, 49, a bracket III,50, a double screw shaft, 51, a sliding sleeve, 52 and a seedling box connecting block.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1 high-speed dicing ordered throwing planter for carpet seedlings of rice
The invention provides a high-speed dicing and orderly throwing-planting machine for rice blanket seedlings, which mainly comprises a walking chassis and a planting system. The planting system mainly comprises a seedling box, a plurality of supporting arms, a seedling box bracket, a seedling pressing rod, a longitudinal seedling conveying mechanism, a longitudinal cutter mechanism, a transverse seedling conveying mechanism, a transverse cutter mechanism, a planting mechanism, a ridge mud supporting plate, a fixed beam and the like (figures 1 and 2). The walking chassis pulls the planting system to walk and provides power for a longitudinal seedling feeding mechanism, a transverse seedling feeding mechanism and a planting mechanism on the planting system through the driving assembly.
The working principle of the high-speed dicing and orderly throwing and planting machine is as follows: the seedling blanket 8 is placed on the seedling box bottom plate 3, the seedling blanket is moved to the longitudinal sliding cutter 17 under the action of the longitudinal seedling conveying belt 14 and cut into strips, the longitudinal seedling conveying belt 14 continuously and accurately conveys the strip-shaped seedling blanket downwards to the bottom guide rail 6 of the seedling box, the transverse seedling conveying mechanism accurately conveys the strip-shaped seedling blanket, the transverse cutter 40 behind the seedling taking opening 41 and the seedling collecting claw 33 cooperate to cut the strip-shaped seedling blanket into seedling blocks, the seedling blocks are conveyed away from the seedling taking opening 41 at a constant speed by the seedling claw 33 according to a certain right circular track 43, the seedling blocks are separated from the seedling claw 33 at the tail end of the seedling guide rod 38, the separation track is a circumferential tangential direction 47 along the right circular track 43 of the seedling claw, at the moment, the seedling claw 33 does not penetrate into mud, the ridge mud supporting plate 9 and the seedling block soil pot 25 penetrate into mud at a certain speed, and the seedling throwing is completed.
The seedling box consists of a plurality of seedling placing units, a seedling box partition board 4 is arranged between adjacent seedling box bottom boards 3, and a positioning upper slide way 11 connects the plurality of seedling box bottom boards 3 together through bolts. The upper part of the seedling box is supported by a seedling box support 10, a positioning upper slide rail 11 is in sliding contact with the upper end of the seedling box support 10 (figure 4), and the lower end of the seedling box support 10 is fixedly arranged on a fixed beam 28. The lower part of the seedling box is supported on the guide rail 6, and the seedling box and the guide rail are in sliding contact. When the seedling box transversely feeds seedlings, the seedling box transversely slides left and right on the guide rail 6, the sliding range is limited by the width of the seedling placing unit minus the width of the seedling taking opening 41 (figure 6), and the upper slide 11 and the upper end of the seedling box bracket 10 are positioned to slide relatively. The guide rail 6 is fixedly arranged on a supporting arm 35 through a supporting rod I29, and one end of the supporting arm 35 is arranged on a fixed beam 28 through two U-shaped bolts 31. The guide rail 6 is provided with a plurality of seedling taking openings 41, and a seedling guide rod 38 is fixedly arranged below the seedling taking openings 41 corresponding to each seedling placing unit.
Each seedling placing unit consists of a seedling box bottom plate 3, a seedling box partition plate 4, an inserting plate 2 and a longitudinal seedling feeding mechanism. The longitudinal seedling conveying mechanism comprises a longitudinal seedling conveying belt 14, a driving belt pulley 20, a driven belt pulley 13, a driving belt pulley shaft 21 and a driven belt pulley shaft 12, wherein the longitudinal seedling conveying belt 14 is arranged at a square gap 39 at the lower part of the seedling box bottom plate 3 through the driving belt pulley 20 and the driven belt pulley 13, two ends of the driving belt pulley shaft 21 and the driven belt pulley shaft 12 are supported at two sides of the seedling box through brackets I22, and one end of the driving belt pulley shaft 21 is connected with the longitudinal seedling conveying driving mechanism. The seedling pressing rod 5 is arranged on the seedling box partition plate 4 through a seedling pressing rod bracket 38.
The longitudinal cutter mechanism mainly comprises a longitudinal cutter shaft 42, a longitudinal sliding cutter 17, a spacing sleeve 18 and the like. A plurality of strip-shaped notches 19 are arranged below the square gaps 39 of the seedling box bottom plate 3, and when the longitudinal cutter shafts 42 rotate, the longitudinal sliding cutters 17 are driven to slide and cut the seedling blanket 8 into strips through the strip-shaped notches 19. The longitudinal cutter shaft 42 is a hexagonal shaft, spans the whole seedling box, and is supported at two sides of the seedling box by the bracket II 23, and one end of the longitudinal cutter shaft 42 is connected with the motor II 16 (shown in figure 2) to drive the longitudinal cutter shaft 42 to rotate. The axial distance between the longitudinal sliding cutters 17 in the seedling placing unit along the longitudinal cutter shafts 42 is the distance between the strip-shaped notches 19. A spacer 18 is arranged between the longitudinal sliding cutters 17 for positioning. Every adjacent four longitudinal sliding cutters 17 in the seedling placing unit are in a group, each longitudinal sliding cutter is spirally arranged around the longitudinal cutter shaft 42 at 60 degrees (shown in figures 10 and 11), after the longitudinal cutter shaft is fully arranged by 180 degrees, the fifth longitudinal sliding cutter is arranged in the same position as the first longitudinal sliding cutter, the longitudinal sliding cutters 17 are arranged again according to the method until all the longitudinal sliding cutters 17 in the seedling placing unit are arranged, and the longitudinal sliding cutters 17 are finally arranged in a 180-degree plane (shown in figure 10) on one side of the center line of the cross section of the longitudinal cutter shaft 42. For example, each seedling placing unit is internally provided with 13 longitudinal sliding cutters 17 (as shown in figure 11), the seedling blanket 8 can be cut into 14 pieces, the number 1, 2, 3 and 4 cutters are combined into a group, the number 5, 6, 7 and 8 cutters are combined into a group, the number 9, 10, 11 and 12 cutters are combined into a group, and the number 13 cutters are combined into a single group; 1. the positions of the No. 5, 9 and 13 knives are consistent, the positions of the No. 2, 6 and 10 knives are consistent, the positions of the No. 3, 7 and 11 knives are consistent, and the positions of the No. 4, 8 and 12 knives are consistent. The longitudinal sliding cutters 17 between the seedling placing units are arranged in a consistent manner and position. The longitudinal sliding cutters 17 are arranged in such a way as to reduce the number of simultaneous operations of the longitudinal sliding cutters 17, thereby reducing cutting resistance, and simultaneously operating the cutters at the same position. The arrangement region of the longitudinal sliding cutters 17 can be divided into a cutter-carrying region and a cutter-free region by taking the center line of the cross section of the longitudinal cutter shaft 42 as a dividing line (see fig. 10). When the longitudinal seedling conveying belt 14 works, the center line of the cross section of the longitudinal cutter shaft is parallel to the seedling box bottom plate 3, the cutter area is arranged below the seedling box bottom plate 3, and is the initial position of the longitudinal sliding cutter 17, so that the seedling blanket 8 is not contacted with the longitudinal sliding cutter 17 when the seedlings are conveyed longitudinally, and the longitudinal seedling conveying resistance is reduced. After the longitudinal seedling feeding is finished, the longitudinal cutter shaft 42 rotates one circle, the rotation direction is anticlockwise, the number 1, 2, 3 and 4 cutters are used as a group, the seedling blanket 8 (shown in fig. 10) is cut in a sliding mode according to the sequence of the number 4, 3, 2 and 1 cutters, and the sliding cutting depth is the distance between the longitudinal seedling feeding belt 14 and each downward seedling feeding. After the longitudinal cutter shaft 42 rotates for one circle, the longitudinal sliding cutter 17 returns to the initial position again, and the longitudinal cutting of the seedling blanket 8 is completed once.
The transverse cutter mechanism mainly comprises a crankshaft 27, a connecting rod 26 and a transverse cutter 40, and is arranged behind the seedling box bottom plate 3 and the guide rail 6. A transverse notch is arranged on the guide rail 6 or the seedling box bottom plate 3 right above the seedling taking opening 41 and is used for circumferentially limiting the transverse cutter 40 so as to ensure that the transverse cutter can vertically move in a telescopic way with the seedling box bottom plate 3. The crankshaft 27 spans the whole seedling box, and one end of the crankshaft 27 is connected with the motor I15 through the supporting rod II 30 supported on the supporting arm 35 so as to drive the crankshaft 27 to rotate.
The seedling box comprises the following concrete processes of longitudinal and transverse seedling feeding, longitudinal sliding cutting and transverse dicing:
(1) One side of the longitudinal cutter shaft 42, which is full of the longitudinal sliding cutter 17 and is 180 degrees, is positioned right behind the seedling blanket 8 at the lower part of the seedling box bottom plate 3; a plurality of seedling blankets 8 are respectively placed on a plurality of seedling box bottom plates 3 (a plurality of seedling blankets 8 are vertically and continuously placed on each seedling box bottom plate 3), the seedling blanket 8 moves to a longitudinal sliding cutter 17 under the action of gravity and a longitudinal seedling conveying belt 14, one side of a longitudinal cutter shaft 42 provided with the longitudinal sliding cutter 17 rotates 360 degrees, and a plurality of longitudinal sliding cutters 17 slide-cut the seedling blanket 8 into a plurality of strip-shaped seedling blankets; when the first seedling blanket 8 is placed on each seedling box bottom plate 3, the transplanting machine stops in-situ idle running for a period of time until the longitudinal seedling conveying belt continuously and accurately conveys the strip-shaped seedling blanket downwards to the guide rail 6 at the bottommost position of the seedling box, and at the moment, the bottommost end of the rightmost first strip-shaped seedling blanket reaches the seedling taking port 41.
(2) The transverse seedling feeding mechanism restores the seedling box to an initial working position, namely, the seedling box is positioned at the extreme position of one side of the guide rail 6 (as shown in the left side view of fig. 6) and the transverse cutter 40 is in a retracted state; the seedling claw 33 moving along the circular track 43 presses the end part of the first strip-shaped seedling blanket, the transverse cutter 40 stretches out under the drive of the crankshaft 27 and penetrates into the seedling blanket from the lower part of the first strip-shaped seedling blanket exposed at the seedling taking opening 41 at a high speed, at the moment, under the cooperation of the transverse cutter 40 and the seedling claw 33, the end part of the first strip-shaped seedling blanket is sheared into seedling blocks with square soil bowls 25 and stems and leaves 26, the first seedling blocks are cut, and the seedling blocks are carried away from the seedling taking opening 41 along with the continued downward movement of the seedling claw 33 along the circular track 43; at the same time, the transverse seedling feeding mechanism drives the seedling box to move transversely at a uniform speed (the direction opposite to the initial working position of the seedling box), the crankshaft 27 rotates for one circle, and the transverse cutter 40 returns to the initial retracted state.
(3) After the first seedling block is cut by the transverse cutter in the step (2), when the transverse seedling feeding mechanism drives the seedling box to transversely move by a distance (opposite direction to the initial working position of the seedling box) of the width of one strip-shaped seedling blanket, the second strip-shaped seedling blanket is completely exposed at the seedling taking opening 41, meanwhile, the crankshaft 27 drives the transverse cutter 40 to penetrate below the second strip-shaped seedling blanket exposed at the seedling taking opening 41 again at a fast speed, when the transverse cutter 40 and the seedling claw 33 are in contact with the second strip-shaped seedling blanket, the second strip-shaped seedling blanket just leaks out at the seedling taking opening 41 completely, at the moment, under the cooperation of the transverse cutter 40 and the seedling claw 33, the end part of the second strip-shaped seedling blanket is sheared into seedling blocks with square soil bowls 25 and stems and leaves 26, the second seedling blocks are cut, and the seedling blocks are carried away from the seedling taking opening 41 along with the continued downward movement of the seedling claw 33 along the circular track 43; at the same time, the crankshaft 27 rotates once, and the transverse cutter 40 returns to the retracted initial state; repeating the step (3) until all the strip-shaped seedling blankets in the first row are transversely cut once, and the seedling box reaches the limit position (right side diagram in fig. 6) on one side of the guide rail 6 after a distance (the width of the seedling placing unit minus the width of the seedling taking opening 41) is moved by the seedling box;
(4) The longitudinal seedling feeding mechanism works once, namely the longitudinal seedling feeding belt 16 rotates once, the seedling blanket 8 is downwards fed to the cutting depth of a longitudinal sliding cutter 17, and a plurality of strip-shaped seedling blankets move downwards to the guide rail 6 at the bottommost part of the seedling box to be cut into pieces transversely. Simultaneously, the longitudinal cutter 17 works once, and the section of the seedling blanket 8 which moves downwards is cut into a plurality of strip-shaped seedling blankets; repeating the steps (2) - (3) again (the only difference is that the seedling box moves transversely at a constant speed towards the direction of the initial working position) until all the strip-shaped seedling blankets in the second row are transversely cut once again, and the seedling box is restored to the initial working position;
(5) Repeating the steps (2) - (4) until all the strip-shaped seedling blankets of the first seedling blanket 8 are cut into seedling blocks, and the final seedling box is positioned at the extreme position of one side of the guide rail 6;
(6) And (3) repeating the steps (1) - (5) to continuously cut the second seedling blanket 8 into seedling blocks, wherein the first seedling blanket 8 and the second seedling blanket 8 are connected end to end, so that the throwing and planting machine does not need to stop in-situ idle running for a period of time when the second seedling blanket 8 and the second seedling blanket 8 are cut.
The planting mechanism mainly comprises a plurality of supporting arms 35, a rotary box 34 and planting arms 36. The driven sprocket of each supporting arm 35 is connected with two rotary boxes 34, and each rotary box 34 is connected with two planting arms 36. The planting arm 36 adopts a seedling claw retraction type planting arm (the seedling claw retraction type planting arm is described in Chinese patent No. 113016295A), and the seedling claw 33 retracts and extends when in operation, and the seedling blocking rod 32 is stationary. The five gears in the rotary box 34 are spur gears and planetary gear trains, and a sun gear 46, two idle gears 45 and two planet gears 44 are five identical spur gears. In operation, power is transmitted to the planting arms 36 through the rotating box 34, and the planting arms 36 rotate with the planet gears 44 of the rotating box 34 fixedly connected with the planting arms and revolve around the sun gear 46. Because the rotary box 34 adopts a perfect circular gear planetary gear train, the movement of the seedling claw 33 is uniform, the static track is perfect circular (as shown in figure 13), the track is simple, no break points or abrupt changes exist, the operation is stable, the mechanism has no impact vibration, and the reliability is relatively high when the mechanism runs at a high speed. The rotary box 34 rotates once for twice throwing, and the two planting arms 36 participate in one throwing, so that the operation efficiency is high.
The motion trail of the seedling claw 33 of the planting arm 36 mainly comprises four stages of seedling cutting, seedling conveying, seedling throwing and returning.
Cutting seedling (as in fig. 15): at this time, the seedling claw 33 is in an extending state and moves to the seedling taking opening 41 along the right circular track 43 to take seedlings, and at this time, the strip-shaped seedling blanket is matched with the transverse cutter 40 to cut seedling blocks of the square soil pot 25;
seedling transport (as in fig. 16): the seedling claw 33 continues to move downwards along the circular track 43, the seedling block is carried away from the seedling taking opening 41 along the seedling guide rod 37, and the seedling block is accelerated to the same circumferential speed as the seedling claw 33;
throwing (as in fig. 17): the seedling claw 33 is retracted when moving to the tail end of the seedling guide rod 37, and under the action of the seedling blocking rod 32 and inertia, the seedling block is separated from the seedling claw 33 along the circumferential tangential direction 47 of the circular track 43 of the seedling claw 33 at a certain speed;
backhaul (as in fig. 18): after the seedling claw 33 is separated from the seedling block, the seedling claw 33 stretches out again and moves to the seedling taking port 41 again along the circular track 43, and one movement period is completed.
When the stem leaves 24 of the seedling block are contacted with the seedling blocking rod 32 after the seedling block is separated (as shown in fig. 17), the speed of the stem leaves 24 is blocked to a certain extent, the speed of the soil pot 25 is increased at the moment, and the verticality of the soil pot 25 entering mud is corrected to a certain extent.
The ridge mud supporting plate 9 is fixedly connected to the fixed beam 28, the ridge mud supporting plate 9 is provided with a plurality of rows, the row spacing and the row number are respectively in one-to-one correspondence with the throwing row spacing and the row number, the ridge mud extruding channel of the ridge mud supporting plate 9 is trapezoid, one side, close to the walking chassis, of the ridge mud supporting plate is provided with a mud inlet, the other side of the ridge mud supporting plate is provided with a mud outlet, and the mud inlet is larger than the mud outlet. When the throwing and planting machine walks in the field, the mud is extruded out of the ridge by the ridge mud dragging plate 9, so that the effects of planting seedlings and increasing the ground temperature can be achieved. After the seedling block is separated from the seedling claw 33, the soil pot 25 is penetrated into the slurry on the ridge at a certain speed, the depth of the penetration is less than 2/3 of the height of the soil pot, and shallow planting and throwing are completed.
Example 2 Rice carpet Miao Qiekuai throwing planting method
The invention provides a rice blanket seedling dicing and throwing planting method which comprises the steps of longitudinal strip cutting, transverse dicing, high-speed ordered throwing planting, field planting and standing seedling and superficial shallow planting of blanket seedlings. In the following working process, the longitudinal cutting of 14 common blanket seedlings is taken as an example for detailed description, each seedling placing unit is provided with 13 longitudinal sliding cutters, and a 6-row throwing and planting machine is adopted, wherein the row spacing is 300mm.
Before throwing planting, the mud is settled after land preparation, and finally, the standard of leveling the field surface, cleaning the earth surface, pasting up and loosening down is reached, and a shallow water layer below 2cm is maintained. Leveling the field surface: the same field reaches the conditions of high and low degree, excessive mud is not exposed in cun water; the earth surface is clean; no root stubble is exposed, and no stiff blocks and other residues and sundries are produced. Pasting and loosening; raked Tian Miancheng Wang Niwang water (flowered water) condition.
Longitudinal cutting of carpet seedlings: the seedling blanket is placed on a seedling box bottom plate, the seedling blanket moves to a longitudinal sliding cutter under the action of gravity and a longitudinal seedling conveying belt and is slidingly cut into 14 strip-shaped seedling blankets, after the longitudinal seedling conveying belt works once, the longitudinal sliding cutter rotates one circle, the longitudinal sliding cutter cuts the seedling blanket once, and the cutting depth is the length of each advance of the longitudinal seedling conveying belt. When the longitudinal seedling conveying belt works, the longitudinal sliding cutters are all below the seedling box bottom plate and are not contacted with the seedling blanket, so that the longitudinal seedling conveying resistance is reduced. When the first seedling blanket is placed on the bottom plate of each seedling box, the transplanting machine is stopped at the site and runs for a period of time in a free mode until the longitudinal seedling conveying belt continuously and accurately conveys the strip-shaped seedling blanket downwards to a guide rail at the bottommost position of the seedling box.
Transverse dicing: the transverse seedling feeding mechanism is used for feeding the seedling blanket to the seedling taking opening, the transverse cutter extends out and penetrates into the seedling blanket from the lower part at a high speed when the seedling blanket moves to the seedling taking opening, and meanwhile, the seedling claw moving along the right circular track presses the end part of the seedling blanket and continuously moves downwards along the track when the seedling claw fetches the seedling, and the transverse cutter and the seedling claw cooperate to cut the seedling blanket into seedling blocks of the square soil pot. After the transverse dicing is completed, the transverse cutter is retracted below the seedling box bottom plate. The seedling claw continuously moves downwards along the circular track to bring the seedling block away from the seedling taking opening.
High-speed ordered throwing planting: the seedling claw continues to move downwards along the right circular track, the seedling block is carried away from the seedling taking opening along the seedling guiding rod, and the seedling block is accelerated to the same circumferential speed as the seedling claw. The seedling block is separated from the seedling claw along the circumferential tangential direction of the circular motion track of the seedling claw at a certain speed under the action of the seedling blocking rod and inertia. After the seedling claw is separated from the seedling block, the seedling claw stretches out again and moves to the seedling taking opening again along a right circular track. The rotary box rotates for twice in a circle, and the two planting arms participate in one-time planting.
Planting standing seedlings and shallow planting on the surface layer: when the upper stem leaves are contacted with the seedling blocking rods during the separation of the seedling blocks and the seedling claws, the speed of the stem leaves is blocked to a certain extent, the soil pot speed is increased at the moment, and the verticality of the soil pot in mud is corrected to a certain extent. The mud is extruded out of the ridge by the ridge mud supporting plate of the throwing and planting machine, almost no water exists on the ridge, the mud is soft, and the functions of planting seedlings and increasing the ground temperature are achieved. The seedling soil pot is penetrated into the mud on the ridge at a certain speed, the depth of the mud is less than 2/3 of the height of the soil pot, and shallow planting and throwing are completed.
The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, but is intended to be limited to the following embodiments, and any modifications, equivalent changes and variations in the above-mentioned embodiments can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present invention.
What is not described in detail in this specification is prior art known to those skilled in the art.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a rice blanket seedling high-speed cutting is ordered throws and plants machine, includes walking chassis (1), its characterized in that still includes:
a frame connected with the walking chassis (1); the seedling box and the driving assembly are arranged on the frame; the machine frame is provided with a transverse seedling feeding mechanism and a planting mechanism; the seedling box is provided with a longitudinal seedling feeding mechanism and a longitudinal cutter mechanism;
the machine frame comprises a seedling box support (10) and a fixed beam (28), wherein the lower end of the seedling box support (10) is fixedly arranged on the fixed beam (28), one end of a plurality of supporting arms (35) is fixedly connected with the fixed beam (28), and each supporting arm (35) is provided with a supporting rod I (29); the transverse cutter mechanism is arranged on the supporting arm (35); the ridge mud supporting plate (9) is fixedly connected to the fixed beam (28); the walking chassis (1) provides power for a longitudinal seedling feeding mechanism, a transverse seedling feeding mechanism and a planting mechanism through a driving assembly;
the upper part of the seedling box is provided with a positioning upper slide way (11), the upper end of the seedling box bracket (10) is in sliding contact with the positioning upper slide way (11), the guide rail (6) is fixedly arranged on the plurality of support rods I (29), and the guide rail (6) is provided with a plurality of seedling taking openings (41); the bottom end of the seedling box is supported on the guide rail (6) in a sliding way;
the seedling box can slide left and right relative to the frame through the guide rail (6) and the upper locating slideway (11) under the drive of the transverse seedling feeding mechanism;
the longitudinal seedling feeding mechanism is used for conveying the seedling blanket (8) from the upper part of the seedling box to the lower part of the seedling box.
2. A rice blanket seedling high speed dicing ordered transplanting machine as recited in claim 1, wherein:
the seedling box comprises a plurality of seedling placing units, each seedling placing unit comprises a seedling box bottom plate (3), each seedling box bottom plate (3) is fixedly connected with a positioning upper slide rail (11), an inserting plate (2) is inserted into the upper part of each seedling box bottom plate (3), and a square vacancy (39) is formed in the lower part of each seedling box bottom plate (3); the longitudinal seedling feeding mechanism is arranged at a square gap (39) arranged at the lower part of the seedling box bottom plate (3).
3. A rice blanket seedling high speed dicing ordered transplanting machine as defined in claim 2, wherein:
the transverse seedling conveying mechanism comprises a double-screw shaft (50), the double-screw shaft (50) is fixedly supported on a fixed beam (28) through a bracket III (49), one end of the double-screw shaft (50) is connected with a power transmission box (48), and the power transmission box (48) is powered by a driving assembly; one end of the sliding sleeve (51) is sleeved on the double screw shaft (50), the other end of the sliding sleeve (51) is connected with one end of the seedling box connecting block (52), and the other end of the seedling box connecting block (52) is fixedly connected with the lower part of the seedling box; when the double screw shafts (50) rotate, the sliding sleeve (51) can move left and right along the double screw shafts (50), and meanwhile, the seedling box can move left and right on the guide rail (6) under the drive of the sliding sleeve (51);
the longitudinal seedling conveying mechanism comprises four brackets I (22), the four brackets I (22) are respectively arranged at the edges of two sides of the lower part of the seedling box, wherein the two brackets I (22) are respectively close to the upper edges of square gaps (39) at two sides of the seedling box, and the two brackets I (22) are respectively close to the lower edges of the square gaps (39) at two sides of the seedling box;
the two brackets I (22) close to the upper edges of the square gaps (39) on the two sides of the seedling box are provided with driven pulley shafts (12), and the two brackets I (22) close to the lower edges of the square gaps (39) on the two sides of the seedling box are provided with driving pulley shafts (21); the driving pulleys (20) and the driven pulleys (13) are respectively arranged on the driving pulley shaft (21) and the driven pulley shaft (12) in a penetrating way, and the driving pulleys (20) and the driven pulleys (13) respectively correspond to square gaps (39) at the lower parts of the seedling box bottom plates (3); the plurality of longitudinal seedling conveying belts (14) are arranged at square gaps (39) at the lower parts of the seedling box bottom plates (3) through a plurality of driving pulleys (20) and driven pulleys (13) corresponding to the driving pulleys; one end of the driving pulley shaft (21) is connected with the driving assembly;
seedling box partition boards (4) are arranged between the seedling box bottom boards (3) and at two sides of the seedling box, a plurality of seedling pressing rod supports (38) are fixedly arranged on the seedling box partition boards (4), and a plurality of seedling pressing rods (5) are arranged between the seedling pressing rod supports (38).
4. A rice blanket seedling high speed dicing ordered transplanting machine as defined in claim 2, wherein:
the longitudinal cutter mechanism comprises a longitudinal cutter shaft (42), the longitudinal cutter shaft (42) spans the seedling box and is arranged on two brackets II (23) arranged on two sides of the seedling box, and one end of the longitudinal cutter shaft (42) is connected with a motor II (16); a plurality of strip-shaped notches (19) are arranged on the seedling box bottom plate (3) below each square vacancy (39); a plurality of longitudinal sliding cutters (17) are arranged on the longitudinal cutter shafts (42); the number and the positions of all the longitudinal sliding cutters (17) correspond to those of all the strip-shaped gaps (19), and the blade parts of the longitudinal sliding cutters (17) can extend out of the corresponding strip-shaped gaps (19) to slide and cut the blanket into strip-shaped blankets.
5. A rice blanket seedling high speed dicing ordered transplanting machine as recited in claim 4, wherein:
the longitudinal sliding cutters (17) in each seedling placing unit are fixed on the longitudinal cutter shafts (42) in a group of every adjacent four pairs, each longitudinal sliding cutter (17) in each group is spirally arranged at 60-degree intervals around the longitudinal cutter shafts (42) until the next group of longitudinal sliding cutters (17) is continuously arranged after the seedling placing unit is fully arranged by 180 degrees, and the arrangement forms of the longitudinal sliding cutters (17) in each group are the same until all the longitudinal sliding cutters (17) in the seedling placing unit are arranged; if the last group of longitudinal sliding cutters (17) is less than four, the arrangement mode is as above, and the angle between the first handle and the last handle is the product of the number of the handles minus 1 and 60 degrees; all the longitudinal sliding cutters (17) on the longitudinal cutter shafts (42) are only arranged in a 180-degree plane on one side of the center line of the cross section of the longitudinal cutter shafts (42).
6. A rice blanket seedling high speed dicing ordered transplanting machine as recited in claim 4, wherein:
the transverse cutter mechanism comprises a crankshaft (27), the crankshaft (27) spans the whole seedling box and is respectively fixed on a plurality of supporting arms (35) through a plurality of supporting rods II (30), and one end of the crankshaft (27) is connected with a motor I (15); the crankshaft (27) is provided with a plurality of connecting rod journals with the same positions, the number of the connecting rod journals corresponds to that of the seedling placing units, one ends of a plurality of connecting rods (26) are movably connected with the middle positions of the connecting rod journals in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and the other ends of the connecting rods (26) are respectively connected with a transverse cutter (40); a plurality of transverse cutters (40) can respectively extend out from one side of the bottom of the seedling box bottom plate (3) through corresponding seedling taking openings (41) arranged on the guide rail (6), and the strip-shaped seedling blanket is transversely cut to obtain seedling blocks.
7. A rice blanket seedling high speed dicing ordered transplanting machine as recited in claim 4, wherein:
the planting mechanism comprises: a driven sprocket and a driving sprocket are arranged in each supporting arm (35); two sides of the driven chain wheel are connected with two rotary boxes (34), and each rotary box (34) is provided with two planting arms (36); the drive sprocket is powered by a power transmission box (48); a seedling guide rod (37) is arranged below each seedling taking opening (41);
five gears are arranged in each rotary box (34) and are arranged in a straight line, each gear comprises a sun gear (46), two sides of each sun gear (46) are respectively meshed with an idler wheel (45), and the outer sides of the two idler wheels (45) are respectively meshed with a planet wheel (44); the two sides of the sprocket shaft of the driven sprocket are fixedly connected with the shells of the two rotary boxes (34), the sun gears (46) in the two rotary boxes (34) are fixedly connected to the shell of the supporting arm (35), the shell of the rotary boxes (34) can be regarded as a bracket of the planet gears (44) and the idler gears (45), the rotary boxes (34) rotate along with the driven sprocket, the sun gears (46) are fixed and do not rotate, and the planet gears (44) and the idler gears (45) revolve around the sun gears (45) and rotate under the drive of the shell of the supporting arm (35); each of the two planetary gears (44) is connected with a planting arm (36);
the planting arm (36) is provided with a seedling blocking rod (32) and a seedling claw (33); the seedling claw (33) can extend and retract when in operation, and the seedling blocking rod (32) is static.
8. A rice blanket seedling high speed dicing ordered transplanting machine as recited in claim 4, wherein:
the ridging mud supporting plate (9) is provided with a plurality of ridging channels, the number and the positions of the ridging channels correspond to those of the seedling taking openings (41), the ridging channels are trapezoid, one side, close to the walking chassis (1), of each ridging channel is provided with a mud inlet, the other side of each ridging channel is provided with a mud outlet, and the mud inlet is larger than the mud outlet.
9. The rice blanket seedling dicing and throwing planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, respectively placing a plurality of seedling blankets (8) on a plurality of seedling box bottom plates (3), and sliding and cutting the seedling blankets (8) to a longitudinal sliding knife (17) under the action of gravity and a longitudinal seedling conveying belt (14) to form a plurality of strip-shaped seedling blankets;
step 2, continuously moving a plurality of strip-shaped seedling blankets downwards to a guide rail (6) at the bottommost part of a seedling box, wherein the bottommost end of a first strip-shaped seedling blanket at the rightmost side or leftmost side reaches a seedling taking opening (41), the seedling box is positioned at one side extreme position of the guide rail (6), namely the initial working position of the seedling box, a seedling claw (33) on a planting arm (36) connected with one end of a rotary box (34) presses the end part of the strip-shaped seedling blanket along a right circular track (43) under the driving of the rotary box (34), and a transverse cutter (40) arranged behind the seedling taking opening (41) extends out from the seedling taking opening (41) and penetrates in from the lower part of the strip-shaped seedling blanket under the driving of a crankshaft (27), so that the end part of the strip-shaped seedling blanket is sheared into seedling blocks with soil bowls (25); the transverse cutter (40) is retracted from the seedling taking port (41), the seedling box is driven by the transverse seedling feeding mechanism to transversely move in the opposite direction of the initial working position, the end part of the strip-shaped seedling blanket adjacent to the strip-shaped seedling blanket which just passes through the transverse cutter is aligned with the seedling taking port (41), the seedling claw (33) on the planting arm (36) connected with the other end of the rotary box (34) presses the end part of the strip-shaped seedling blanket aligned with the seedling taking port (41) along the right circular track (43), and the transverse cutter (40) is driven by the crankshaft (27) to extend out from the seedling taking port (41) again to cut the end part of the strip-shaped seedling blanket so as to obtain a seedling block with a soil pot (25); the above actions are circulated until the transverse cutting of the first row of strip-shaped seedling blankets at the lowest part in the seedling placing unit is finished, and at the moment, the seedling box moves to the extreme position at the other side of the guide rail (6); at the moment, the longitudinal seedling feeding mechanism works once, namely, the longitudinal seedling feeding belt (16) rotates once, the seedling blanket (8) is downwards fed to the cutting depth of a longitudinal sliding cutter (17), and a plurality of strip-shaped seedling blankets move downwards to the bottommost guide rail (6) of the seedling box to be cut into blocks in the transverse direction; simultaneously, the longitudinal cutter 17 works once, the section of the seedling blanket 8 which moves downwards is cut into a plurality of strip-shaped seedling blankets, the seedling box returns to the direction of the initial working position to transversely feed seedlings until the transverse cutting of the second row of strip-shaped seedling blankets is finished, and the seedling box moves to the initial working position on the guide rail (6); reciprocating until all the strip-shaped seedling blankets in each seedling placing unit are transversely cut;
step 3, the seedling blocks are transported away from the seedling taking opening (41) along the seedling guiding rod (37) by the seedling claw (33) according to the right circular track (43); when the seedling block moves to the tail end of the seedling guide rod (37), the seedling claw (33) is retracted, the seedling block is separated from the seedling claw (33) at a certain speed under the action of the seedling blocking rod (34) and self inertia, and the separation track is a circumferential tangential direction (47) along the circular track (43) of the seedling claw;
and 4, after the seedling block is separated from the seedling claw (33), the speed of the stem leaves (24) at the upper part of the seedling block is reduced after the stem leaves are contacted with the seedling blocking rod (34), the verticality of the soil pot (25) entering mud is corrected, and the soil pot (25) is penetrated into the mud on the ridge extruded through the ridge extruding channel of the ridge mud supporting plate (9) at a certain speed.
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