CN109819754B - Self-propelled green vegetable head combine harvester - Google Patents

Self-propelled green vegetable head combine harvester Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109819754B
CN109819754B CN201910125923.2A CN201910125923A CN109819754B CN 109819754 B CN109819754 B CN 109819754B CN 201910125923 A CN201910125923 A CN 201910125923A CN 109819754 B CN109819754 B CN 109819754B
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frame
self
green vegetable
leaf
propelled
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CN109819754A (en
Inventor
肖宏儒
金月
宋志禹
孙洪友
蒋清海
张健飞
夏先飞
杨光
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Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization Ministry of Agriculture
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Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization Ministry of Agriculture
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Abstract

The invention relates to a self-propelled green vegetable head combine harvester, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery. The front part of a frame arranged on the travelling device is provided with a conveying lifting device; the middle part of the transmission flat plate supports a disc cutter driven by a vertical cutter shaft; the front end of the transmission flat plate is fixedly provided with a mounting bracket of a horizontal fixed rail, and a horizontal sliding rail forming a moving pair with the horizontal fixed rail supports an outward-rotating main guide roller through a guide frame fixedly connected with the horizontal sliding rail; a first-stage leaf shearing rotary cutter is respectively arranged above the two pairs of main guiding and poking rollers, and a leaf arranging spiral roller and a rotary blade poking wheel are arranged on the side row mounting frame; the impurity removing device is arranged below the frame corresponding to the output end of the conveying lifting device. The invention practically solves the problem of harvesting green vegetable heads and lays a foundation for the mechanized cultivation mode and the standardized cultivation agriculture.

Description

Self-propelled green vegetable head combine harvester
Technical Field
The invention relates to a harvester, in particular to a self-propelled green vegetable head combine harvester, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery.
Background
The green cabbage head is named as stem tumor mustard, which is a raw material for preparing hot pickled mustard tuber, and is planted in Chongqing, sichuan, zhejiang, guizhou, yunnan and other provinces, wherein Fuling hot pickled mustard tuber in Chongqing city is known for a long time. However, because of irregular growth shape and inconsistent size of the green vegetable head, large and rich leaves, low ball forming position and other special characters, and due to factors such as Fuling and other mountain areas and soil sticking weight, the harvesting always adopts a traditional manual operation mode for a long time, the labor intensity is high, the time consumption is high, the cost is high, and the loss is caused by the fact that the harvesting is not carried out in time due to lack of hands.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at: aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the self-propelled green vegetable head combine harvester can practically solve the difficult problem of harvesting green vegetable heads.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the self-propelled green vegetable head combine harvester of the invention has the following basic technical scheme: the chain type elevator comprises a frame arranged on a travelling device, wherein a conveying lifting device consisting of a front conveying flat plate and a rear chain type elevator is arranged at the front part of the frame, and bucket type mechanisms are arranged on chain links of the chain type elevator at intervals;
the middle part of the transmission flat plate supports at least one pair of vertical cutter shafts which are driven by a driving motor through a driving belt respectively, and the lower end of each cutter shaft is provided with a disc cutter;
the front end of the transmission flat plate is fixedly provided with a mounting bracket with a horizontal fixed rail at the lower part, the horizontal fixed rail is provided with a horizontal sliding rail which is used for forming a lockable horizontal moving pair with the horizontal fixed rail and corresponds to the positions of the paired main guide rollers, and the horizontal sliding rail supports a guide motor through a guide frame fixedly connected with the horizontal sliding rail to drive the main guide rollers which rotate outwards;
a first-stage leaf shearing rotary cutter supported below a side-row mounting frame is respectively arranged above the two pairs of main guide rollers, a leaf-row spiral roller is arranged on the side-row mounting frame, and a rotary blade shifting wheel is arranged above the front part of the leaf-row spiral roller;
the impurity removing device is arranged below the output end of the frame corresponding to the conveying lifting device.
The invention is further perfected as follows:
the side row mounting bracket rear side is equipped with fixed vertical rail, fixed vertical rail constitutes vertical shifting pair with the back mounting bracket, the horizontal pole both ends that the back mounting bracket linked firmly are articulated with the upper end of connecting rod respectively, and the lower extreme of two connecting rods is adjacent and is articulated with corresponding drawing frame respectively, the second grade leaf-cutting rotary knife that is arranged in two one-level leaf-cutting rotary knife rear is equipped with to back mounting bracket lower extreme.
The cutter shaft is sleeved with an intermittent rotary drum in an empty mode, and an extending end arranged on the outer side of the transmission belt can touch a driving shifting fork of the intermittent rotary drum.
The front end of the main drawing roller is hinged with a cone head drawing roller with the inner side limited and the outer side propped against the pressure spring.
The bucket mechanism comprises an arc hook digging tooth at the lower end and an arc plate at the upper end, and the arc hook digging tooth and the arc plate are fixedly connected through a groove type straight plate.
The soil pressing plate is arranged below the disc cutter, and the front end of the soil pressing plate is bent upwards.
The impurity removing device consists of a pair of spiral rolling brushes with large diameters and two pairs of hair rolling brushes with small diameters, and the contact part of the rolling brushes and the green vegetable heads is made of soft materials.
When harvesting, the travelling device advances at a constant speed, the green vegetable heads are gathered She Fuzheng under the action of the paired outward rotation guiding devices, and meanwhile, the first-stage leaf shearing device removes most of leaves above the neoplastic stems and laterally discharges the leaves to the field; along with the advancing of machines, the green vegetable heads accurately separate roots, stems and leaves under the action of the disc root cutting device and the secondary leaf cutting device with the height adjusted in real time, and the green vegetable heads are actively pushed backwards and conveyed to an impurity removing device at the rear of the machines by a conveying lifting device, and are collected and packaged after being cleaned by a impurity removing rolling brush, so that the difficult problem of harvesting the green vegetable heads is practically solved.
In addition, the invention lays a foundation for a mechanized cultivation mode, and provides a mechanized production cultivation mode of the green vegetable heads, aiming at the problems that the height of the root cutting of the green vegetable heads is difficult to accurately control due to uneven ground surface and the like, and the mechanized harvesting is used as the requirements of guiding and standardizing the ground flatness, soil breakage, hardness, sowing depth and the like which are required to be achieved by the operation of a soil preparation sowing machine, so that the fine field management of hilling, fertilizing, weeding and the like in the production process of the green vegetable heads is standardized. Through the cooperation and matching of agricultural machinery and agricultural deep fusion and production machines in all links, the combined cultivation equipment for the green vegetable heads meeting the mechanized harvesting requirement is developed, the combined cultivation equipment for the green vegetable heads is developed, integrated test demonstration is carried out, and the problem of 'inorganic availability' in the production and harvesting links of the green vegetable heads is effectively solved. The cultivation mode of mechanized production of the green vegetable heads standardizes cultivation agronomy from the production source, provides better harvesting conditions for developed harvesting equipment, and is favorable for realizing the whole process of mechanized production of the green vegetable heads and application and popularization.
Drawings
For a clearer description of the invention, embodiments will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a top view of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic perspective view of the embodiment of fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a partial perspective view of the embodiment of fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is a schematic perspective view of a portion of the embodiment of fig. 1 from another perspective.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of a partial cross-sectional structure of the root cutting disc cutter of the embodiment of fig. 1.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a second embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a top view of fig. 7.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The embodiment is a single-row self-propelled green vegetable head combine harvester, the basic structure of which is shown in figures 1, 2 and 3, wherein the figure 1 is an automatic pulling device; 2. a disc root cutting device; 3. a frame; 4. a walking device; 5. a control system; 6. impurity removing device; 7. a conveying and lifting device; 8. a second-stage leaf cutting device; 9. a first-stage leaf cutting device; 10. a leaf-discharging spiral roller; 11. and rotating the vane thumb wheel.
The front part of the frame 3 arranged on the traveling device 4 is provided with a conveying lifting device 7, the conveying lifting device 7 consists of a front conveying flat plate 2-7 and a rear chain elevator, chain links of the chain elevator are provided with bucket mechanisms at intervals, the bucket mechanisms have a more specific structure comprising arc hook digging teeth 7-1 at the lower end and arc plates 7-2 at the upper end, and the arc hook digging teeth 7-1 and the arc plates 7-2 are fixedly connected through groove type straight plates 7-3. The bucket type mechanism can effectively prevent green vegetable heads from rolling down in the process of lifting and transporting upwards, prevent the green vegetable heads from being accumulated and blocked, and meanwhile, the arc hook teeth digging function of active vegetable collection.
The middle part of the transmission flat plate 2-7 supports a pair of vertical cutter shafts 2-3 which are respectively driven by a driving motor 2-4 through a driving belt, and the lower end of the cutter shaft 2-3 is provided with a disc cutter 2-2 (see figure 6) to form a disc root cutting device 2. The two pairs of disc cutters 2-2 are staggered up and down to form a certain overlapping area, thereby effectively avoiding the phenomenon that the core is not cut or is continuously cut in the cutting process. The soil pressing plate 2-1 is arranged below the disc cutter 2-2, so that the ground with poor flatness is flattened, the disc cutter is prevented from cutting soil and hilling, the front end of the soil pressing plate 2-1 is in an upward bending shape, and the trafficability of the soil pressing plate can be improved. The intermittent rotary drum 2-5 is sleeved outside the vertical cutting knife shaft 2-3, and the extending end is arranged outside the transmission belt and can touch the driving shifting fork 2-6 of the intermittent rotary drum 2-5, so that when the driving shifting fork moves to the intermittent rotary drum along with the belt, the driving shifting fork can shift the rotary drum to rotate, and the intermittent rotary drum rotates between the driving shifting fork and the intermittent rotary drum, and the intermittent rotary drum has the function of preventing cut green vegetable heads from being separated from a rotary guiding and shifting roller and a disc cutting knife from accumulating on a transmission flat plate after losing backward conveying power, so that congestion, crushing or extrusion is caused.
The front end of the transmission flat plate 2-7 is fixedly provided with a mounting bracket with a horizontal fixed rail 1-5 at the lower part, the horizontal fixed rail 1-5 is provided with a horizontal sliding rail 1-4 which is corresponding to the main guiding and pulling rollers 1-6 and can form a locking horizontal moving pair, and the horizontal sliding rail 1-4 supports the guiding and pulling motor 1-7 through the guiding and pulling frame 1-3 fixedly connected with the horizontal sliding rail 1-4 to drive the main guiding and pulling rollers 1-6 which rotate outwards, so that the lodged green vegetable heads are righted and scattered leaves are gathered, and the follow-up leaf cutting and root cutting operation is facilitated; the distance between the pair of main pulling rollers can be adjusted according to the size of the green vegetable heads as required, so that the green vegetable heads cannot be blocked too much or cannot be righted too little. The front end of the main pulling roller 1-6 is hinged with the cone head pulling roller 1-1 with the inner side limited and the outer side propped against the pressure spring, when the green vegetable heads with poor straightness are harvested and planted, the cone head pulling roller can automatically adjust the size of the front end opening around the rear end hinge fulcrum, and feeding of the green vegetable heads is ensured.
The upper parts of the two pairs of main guiding and poking rollers 1-6 are respectively provided with a first-stage leaf shearing rotary knife 9 supported below a side row installation frame 8-6, the side row installation frame 8-6 is provided with a leaf row spiral roller 10, and the front upper part of the leaf row spiral roller 10 is provided with a rotary leaf poking wheel 11. The first-stage leaf-cutting rotary blades 9 are straight blades, the blades are cut off by horizontally performing circular rotary motion, the first-stage leaf-cutting rotary blades 9 on two sides are staggered up and down and have a certain overlapping area, the function of the first-stage leaf-cutting rotary blades is to cut off most of the blades above vegetable stems, and a large number of cut-off blades are collected to a leaf-arranging spiral roller under the action of a rotary thumb wheel and are discharged from one side along with the rotation of the roller.
As shown in fig. 4 and 5, a fixed vertical rail 8-4 is arranged at the rear side of a side-row mounting frame 8-6, the fixed vertical rail 8-4 and a rear mounting frame 8-3 form a vertical moving pair, two ends of a cross rod 8-7 fixedly connected with the rear mounting frame 8-3 are respectively hinged with the upper ends of connecting rods 8-5, the lower ends of the two connecting rods 8-5 are adjacent and are respectively hinged with a corresponding guiding frame 1-3, and the lower end of the rear mounting frame 8-3 is provided with a second-stage leaf-cutting rotary knife 8-1 positioned at the middle and rear part of the two-stage leaf-cutting rotary knives; when the pulling device expands outwards under the side effect of horizontal movement due to the oversized vegetable stems, the lower ends of the connecting rods 8-5 are outwards stretched, and as a result, the cross rod moves upwards under the constraint of the vertical moving pair.
Considering that the leaves of the green vegetable heads are more and longer, the embodiment is provided with the secondary leaf shearing device, the leaf shearing rotary knife 8-1 is directly connected with the driving motor of the secondary leaf shearing device, the green vegetable heads subjected to primary shearing move backwards relatively along with the forward movement of the harvester, and the joints of the stems and the leaves are accurately cut by the secondary leaf shearing rotary knife 8-1, so that the leaves are completely removed.
The impurity removing device 6 is arranged below the frame 3 of the embodiment corresponding to the output end of the conveying and lifting device 7. The impurity removing device consists of a pair of spiral rolling brushes with large diameters and two pairs of hair rolling brushes with small diameters, wherein the contact part of the rolling brushes and the vegetable heads is made of soft materials, so that residual soil and vegetable leaves on the vegetable heads can be removed, vegetables are not damaged, and the spiral rolling brushes also play a role in conveying the vegetable heads to the rear.
The harvester of the embodiment adopts a combined harvesting mode, and can complete the whole processes of root cutting, leaf removing, conveying, impurity removing and boxing of the green vegetable heads in one operation. The whole machine adopts electric drive, and has the advantages of simple structure, low noise, no pollution and light operation.
Example two
The self-propelled green vegetable head combine harvester of the embodiment is shown in fig. 7 and 8, has the same basic structure as the first embodiment, is actually formed by combining four groups of single-row harvesting, and adopts a crawler-type travelling device, so that the harvesting of multiple rows of green vegetable heads can be performed at one time, and the efficiency is higher.
In summary, the harvester of the above embodiment has the following features:
1) Automatic pulling-the gap and the opening angle of the pulling roller are respectively controlled by adopting a sliding rail and a spring, so that the problem that a cutting table is blocked caused by overlarge tumor-shaped stems of green vegetable heads and the supporting is not effective caused by overlarge small stems of green vegetable heads is effectively avoided, and the automatic feeding of the green vegetable heads with poor planting and growing straightness is realized by adjusting the opening angle of the pulling roller; the pulling roller is self-powered and rotates outwards relatively, has the function of gathering the unfolding blades, is beneficial to leaf cutting operation, and plays a role of lifting green vegetable heads by rotating outwards, so that the root cutting height is convenient to control. The technical scheme has higher adaptability to green heads with different bulbs and poor consistency of planting row spacing.
2) The primary and secondary leaf shearing combination-the primary leaf shearing device consists of a shear She Gedao, a poking impeller, a spiral conveying roller and the like, so that the purpose of shearing most of the leaves of the green vegetable heads and returning the leaves to the field in a side-row manner is realized; the secondary leaf shearing device is provided with a height automatic adjusting mechanism, the combining position of the neoplastic stems and the leaves is profiled, and the accurate cutting and separation of the stems and the leaves are realized. According to the technical scheme, the problem of blade collection after shearing is fully considered, the impurity content of harvesting is effectively reduced by accurately cutting the stem and leaf combination position, and the problem that manual secondary leaf removal is required in traditional mechanical harvesting is solved.
3) The disc root cutting-is provided with a cutting height automatic profiling system, so that the problem that the accurate cutting of the root and stem joint part is difficult due to uneven ground surface is solved.
4) Impurity removal-further improving the commodity of harvesting green vegetable heads and reducing the workload of manual impurity removal.

Claims (7)

1. The self-propelled green vegetable head combine harvester comprises a frame (3) arranged on a travelling device (4), and is characterized in that a conveying lifting device (7) consisting of a front conveying flat plate (2-7) and a rear chain type lifting machine is arranged at the front part of the frame, and bucket mechanisms are arranged on chain links of the chain type lifting machine at intervals;
the middle part of the transmission flat plate supports at least one pair of vertical cutter shafts (2-3) which are driven by driving motors (2-4) through driving belts respectively, and the lower ends of the cutter shafts are provided with disc cutters (2-2);
the front end of the transmission flat plate is fixedly provided with a mounting bracket with a horizontal fixed rail (1-5) arranged at the lower part, the horizontal fixed rail is provided with a horizontal sliding rail (1-4) which is used for forming a lockable horizontal moving pair with the horizontal fixed rail and corresponds to the position of the pair of main guiding and shifting rollers (1-6), and the horizontal sliding rail supports a guiding and shifting motor (1-7) through a guiding and shifting frame (1-3) fixedly connected with the horizontal sliding rail to drive the main guiding and shifting rollers (1-6) which rotate outwards;
a first-stage leaf shearing rotary cutter (9) supported below a side row mounting frame (8-6) is respectively arranged above the two pairs of main guiding and poking rollers, a leaf row spiral roller (10) is arranged on the side row mounting frame (8-6), and a rotary blade poking wheel (11) is arranged above the front part of the leaf row spiral roller;
the impurity removing device is arranged below the output end of the frame corresponding to the conveying lifting device.
2. The self-propelled green vegetable head combine of claim 1, wherein: the rear side of the side-row installation frame is provided with a fixed vertical rail (8-4), the fixed vertical rail and a rear installation frame (8-3) form a vertical moving pair, two ends of a cross rod (8-7) fixedly connected with the rear installation frame are respectively hinged with the upper ends of connecting rods (8-5), the lower ends of the two connecting rods are adjacent and are respectively hinged with a corresponding guiding frame, and the lower end of the rear installation frame is provided with a second-stage leaf-cutting rotary knife (8-1) positioned at the middle and rear part of the two-stage leaf-cutting rotary knife.
3. The self-propelled green vegetable head combine as set forth in claim 2, wherein: the cutter shaft is sleeved with an intermittent rotary drum (2-5), and an extending end is arranged on the outer side of the transmission belt and can touch a driving shifting fork (2-6) of the intermittent rotary drum.
4. A self-propelled green head combine as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the front end of the main drawing roller is hinged with a cone head drawing roller (1-1) with the inner side limited and the outer side propped against the pressure spring.
5. The self-propelled cabbage head combine according to claim 4, wherein: the bucket mechanism comprises an arc hook digging tooth (7-1) at the lower end and an arc plate (7-2) at the upper end, wherein the arc hook digging tooth is fixedly connected with the arc plate through a groove-shaped straight plate (7-3).
6. The self-propelled cabbage head combine according to claim 5, wherein: the soil pressing plate (2-1) is arranged below the disc cutter, and the front end of the soil pressing plate is bent upwards.
7. The self-propelled cabbage head combine of claim 6, wherein: the impurity removing device consists of a pair of spiral rolling brushes with large diameters and two pairs of hair rolling brushes with small diameters, and the contact part of the rolling brushes and the green vegetable heads is made of soft materials.
CN201910125923.2A 2019-02-20 2019-02-20 Self-propelled green vegetable head combine harvester Active CN109819754B (en)

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Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110754203B (en) * 2019-11-07 2024-09-27 农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所 Conveying and defoliating device of green vegetable head harvester
CN114946402B (en) * 2022-05-16 2023-04-14 山西工程技术学院 Chinese cabbage harvester

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2000236728A (en) * 1999-02-22 2000-09-05 Kobashi Kogyo Co Ltd Walking type cabbage harvester
JP2013009649A (en) * 2011-06-30 2013-01-17 Iseki & Co Ltd Root vegetable harvester
CN205883989U (en) * 2016-07-05 2017-01-18 西南大学 Preserved szechuan pickle harvester
CN107114066A (en) * 2017-06-12 2017-09-01 农业部南京农业机械化研究所 A kind of self-propelled balling class leaf vegetables cropper
CN209861607U (en) * 2019-02-20 2019-12-31 农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所 Self-propelled combined harvester for vegetable heads

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2000236728A (en) * 1999-02-22 2000-09-05 Kobashi Kogyo Co Ltd Walking type cabbage harvester
JP2013009649A (en) * 2011-06-30 2013-01-17 Iseki & Co Ltd Root vegetable harvester
CN205883989U (en) * 2016-07-05 2017-01-18 西南大学 Preserved szechuan pickle harvester
CN107114066A (en) * 2017-06-12 2017-09-01 农业部南京农业机械化研究所 A kind of self-propelled balling class leaf vegetables cropper
CN209861607U (en) * 2019-02-20 2019-12-31 农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所 Self-propelled combined harvester for vegetable heads

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叶类蔬菜收获技术与装备研究现状及发展趋势;金月;肖宏儒;肖苏伟;许萌;丁文芹;刘东;;中国农业科技导报(09);全文 *

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