CN107114066A - A kind of self-propelled bulb leaf vegetable harvester - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a self-propelled harvester for bulbous leafy vegetables, which belongs to the technical field of agricultural harvesting machinery. The machine includes a gantry straddling the crawler chassis and a driving system on one side of the crawler chassis. The crawler chassis is also equipped with a profiling conveying device on the header frame. The front end of the profiling conveying device is located at the front and bottom of the crawler chassis , and the rear end extends through the portal frame and is located above the rear of the crawler chassis; the profiling conveying device contains at least two horizontal loop wave conveyor belts that are paired to form an interval profiling space and is located below the profiling space and the entry end lags behind the wave conveying Lifting conveyor belt with input end, a disc cutting device is installed below between the input end of the corrugated conveyor belt and the entry end of the lifting conveyor belt. The present invention not only protects the leaf vegetables due to the profiling space of the corrugated conveyor belt, but also effectively avoids damage and cutting loss of the leaf vegetables because it is cut first and then delivered, and ensures harvest quality while harvesting efficiently.

Description

A kind of self-propelled bulb leaf vegetable harvester

technical field

The invention relates to a harvester, in particular to a self-propelled leafy vegetable harvester, which belongs to the technical field of agricultural harvesting machinery.

Background technique

According to the applicant's understanding, the harvesters of the existing cabbage and other head-heading leafy vegetables all adopt the mode of first extracting and then cutting the roots. For example, what is disclosed in the Chinese patent application with the application number CN201220165512. The double-helix extraction and conveying assembly first pulls out the cabbage, and the disc cutter is arranged above the rear end of the double-helix extraction and conveying assembly to cut the root of the cabbage, and then the cabbage is removed by the flat conveyor belt and the double-toothed conveyor chain. Transport to rear collection. This technical solution leads to a complex structure of the header, not only the extraction process is easy to cause damage to the leafy vegetables, but also cutting the roots after extraction makes it difficult to control the cutting height and increases the cutting loss.

In addition, the existing head leaf vegetable harvester lacks the header cutting profiling system, which not only causes cutting waste and uneven cutting, but also has poor adaptability to uneven ground. For example, the technical scheme of the Chinese patent application with the application number CN201320278063.4 adopts the positioning distance between the cutting knife and the bottom end of the conveyor belt to realize cutting of the roots of cabbage vegetables. The distance between the knife and the conveyor belt is fixed, so the cutting height It cannot be adjusted, and the cutting adaptability is poor.

Moreover, the existing head leaf vegetable harvester adopts the method of hanging the header on the side of the tractor and harvesting in a single row, which has low harvesting efficiency and does not conform to the planting agronomy of my country's head leaf vegetables in one ridge and two rows. It is suitable for the current situation of scattered land and small field area in our country.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to propose a self-propelled harvester for bulbous leafy vegetables that can effectively avoid leafy vegetable damage and cutting loss in view of the shortcomings of the above-mentioned prior art.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the basic technical scheme of the self-propelled bulbous leaf vegetable harvester of the present invention is: comprising a gantry straddling the crawler chassis and a driving system positioned at one side of the crawler chassis, the crawler chassis is also equipped with There is a profiling conveying device located on the header frame, the front end of the profiling conveying device is located at the front and bottom of the crawler chassis, and the rear end extends through the portal frame and is located at the rear and upper part of the crawler chassis; the profiling conveying device contains at least two Strips are paired to form a horizontal loop-back wave conveyor belt spaced apart from the profiling space and a lifting conveyor belt located below the profiling space and whose entry end lags behind the input end of the wave conveyor belt, and the input end of the wave conveyor belt is connected to the entry end of the lifting conveyor belt A disc cutting device is arranged below between the ends.

When the self-propelled leafy vegetable harvester of the present invention was harvested in advance, the roots of the cabbage leafy vegetables entering the profiling space at the input end of the corrugated conveyor belt were first cut off by the disc cutting device, and then the motion of the corrugated conveyor belt was brought to the lifting conveyor belt, and then pass through the gantry until it is output from the rear end of the profiling conveying device and falls into the receiving frame. In this process, not only because the profiling space of the corrugated conveyor belt can protect the leafy vegetables, but also because the leafy vegetables are cut first and then sent, so the damage and cutting loss of the leafy vegetables can be effectively avoided, and the harvesting is guaranteed while harvesting efficiently. quality.

The further improvement of the present invention is that the cutting motor (2-3) is fixedly installed on the header frame, and the L-shaped bracket (2-5) has height adjustment long slot holes and front and rear adjustment long slot holes respectively through two right-angled surfaces The rotatable disc cutter (2-1) of the disc cutting device is installed, and the output shaft of the cutting motor is connected with the rotating shaft of the disc cutter through a flexible shaft (2-2). Therefore, the installation position of the disc cutter can be adjusted forward, backward, up and down according to the needs, so as to further reduce the cutting loss and ensure smooth conveying.

A further improvement of the present invention is that the rear portion of the header frame is hinged on the crawler chassis, and the portal frame of the crawler chassis is equipped with a lifting hydraulic cylinder for hoisting the front portion of the header frame; The front part is equipped with a profiling rod located under the disc cutter and a sensor linked with the profiling rod, and the signal output end of the sensor is connected to the controlled end of the lifting hydraulic cylinder through the control circuit. In this way, during the harvesting process, the sensor on the profiling rod can detect the undulation of the ground in real time, and feed back the signal to the control circuit, and the control circuit sends a corresponding signal to control the lifting hydraulic cylinder piston rod of the header frame to expand and contract, so as to ensure the appropriate height between the header and the ground , so that the present invention has good adaptability.

A further improvement of the present invention is that the profiling conveying device includes a conveying driving motor arranged on the header frame, the horizontal output shaft of the conveying driving motor is directly coupled with the driving shaft for lifting the conveying belt, and through the transmission The bevel gear pair is in drive connection with the conveying driving roller of the profiling conveyor belt.

Description of drawings

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a front view structural schematic diagram of the embodiment in Fig. 1 .

Fig. 3 is a top structural schematic diagram of the profiling conveying device of the embodiment in Fig. 1 .

Fig. 4 is a partial cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the profiling conveying device of the embodiment in Fig. 1 .

FIG. 5 is a schematic bottom view of the structure in FIG. 2 .

The figure contains the following main components:

1 profiling conveying device; 2 cutting device; 3 profiling rod; 4 crawler chassis; 5 frame; 6 driving system; 7 chassis transmission system; 8 sensor; 1-1 tensioning device; 1-3 Wave conveyor belt; 1-4 Conveying drive motor; 1-5 Conveying driving roller; 1-6 Lifting conveyor belt; 1-7 Transmission bevel gear; 1-8 Conveying mounting seat; 1-9 Hydraulic lifting cylinder; 1-10 conveyor belt spacing adjustment mechanism; 2-1 disc cutter; 2-2 flexible shaft; 2-3 cutting motor; 2-5 L-shaped bracket; 4-1 track; 4-2 portal frame; 6-4 battery .

detailed description

Embodiment one

The basic structure of the self-propelled bulbous leafy vegetable harvester of the present embodiment is shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, comprises the gantry 4-2 that straddles on the crawler chassis 4 and the driving system 6 that is positioned at one side of the crawler chassis. For the specific structure of the gantry 4-2 on the crawler chassis 4, please refer to the Chinese patent document with application number 200910026164.0, which will not be repeated here. The crawler chassis 4 is also equipped with a profiling conveying device 1 located on the header frame G. The front end of the profiling conveying device 1 is located at the front and bottom of the crawler chassis 4, and the rear end extends through the portal frame 4-2 and is located on the crawler chassis 4. the top rear.

As shown in Figure 3, the profiling conveying device 1 includes four horizontal loop-back wave conveyor belts 1-3 paired in pairs to form a spaced profiling space K, and is located under the profiling space K and the entry end lags behind the corrugated conveyor belt 1-3. The lifting conveyor belt 1-6 at the input end, its transmission relationship is as shown in Figure 4, and the horizontal output shaft of the conveying drive motor 1-4 that is placed on the header frame G directly drives the driving shaft of lifting the conveyor belt 1-6, And drive each conveying driving roller 1-5 by transmission bevel gear 1-7, and then drive profiling conveyor belt 1-3. The contoured space K is suitable for accommodating whole heads of cabbage when harvested.

A disc cutting device 2 is installed below between the input end of the corrugated conveyor belt 1-3 and the entry end of the lifting conveyor belt 1-6. The cutting motor 2-3 is fixedly installed on the cutting platform G, and the rotatable disc cutter 2-5 of the disc cutting device is installed through the L-shaped bracket 2-5 with the height adjustment slot holes and the front and rear adjustment slot holes respectively on the two right-angled surfaces. 1. The output shaft of the cutting motor 2-3 is connected to the rotary shaft of the disc cutter 2-1 through the flexible shaft 2-2. The rear portion of the header frame G is hinged on the crawler chassis 4, and the lifting hydraulic cylinder 1-9 at the portal frame 4-2 both sides of the crawler chassis 4 is respectively equipped with lifting the header frame G front portion. The front part of the header frame G is equipped with a profiling rod 3 located under the disc cutter 2-1 and an angular displacement sensor 8 linked with the profiling rod 3. The signal output end of the sensor 8 is connected to the lifting hydraulic cylinder 1 through the control circuit. The controlled end of -9. Since the profiling control of the harvesting platform is very mature, it can be used for reference to Chinese patent documents such as application numbers 201320630976.8, 201610317820.2, and especially 201610965592.X, which will not be described here. It should be noted that the structure of the existing header height profiling mechanism is limited, the amount of profiling is small, and the profiling plate (or wheel, roller) is mostly installed under the rear of the header frame, and the actual profiling plate follows the ground undulations When the height of the header changes due to the state, the cutting mechanism located at the front end of the profiling plate has completed its action, so there is generally a problem of hysteresis. In this embodiment, the front profiling rod and the angular displacement sensor are used to detect the change of the ground undulation, the height of the header from the ground is controlled in real time, and the lag compensation can be used to eliminate the lag error.

When harvesting cabbage and other headed leafy vegetables, the input ends of the paired corrugated conveyor belts will accommodate the vegetables into the profiling space between them during the opposite rotation process, and the roots of the vegetables will be cut off by the disc knife under the conveyor belt. Vegetables are transported to the rear in an orderly manner along with the conveyor belt, and fall into the collection basket placed on the frame. During the harvesting process, the angular displacement sensor on the connecting shaft of the profiling rod detects the undulation of the ground in real time, and feeds back the detection signal to the control circuit, which controls the expansion and contraction of the piston rod of the hydraulic lifting cylinder of the header frame to ensure the distance between the front end of the header frame and the ground. Appropriate height. In this embodiment, not only the up and down, front and back positions of the disc cutter can be adjusted conveniently, but also the height of the cutting platform from the ground can be adjusted automatically in real time, and the distance between the corrugated conveyor belts can also be adjusted conveniently, so the application range is wide and the versatility is strong.

Experiments have proved that compared with the prior art, the harvester of this embodiment has the following significant advantages:

1) The profiling space formed by the pair of profiling conveyor belts has an ideal human-like grasping and harvesting function, which can effectively avoid vegetable damage;

2) Cutting the roots first, then transporting and collecting them, and with the help of the stable storage and inclined guidance of the profiling conveyor belt, it can ensure that the cutting height of the head and head leafy vegetables is consistent and the cutting section is flat;

3) The door-shaped crawler walks across rows and harvests in multiple rows in line with the agronomic characteristics of bulbous leafy vegetables, which greatly improves the harvesting efficiency;

4) The modular design concept is adopted, and each row of harvesting device (profiling conveying device) is an independent and reproducible overall unit, which is easy to install and adjust, and adapts to the harvesting requirements of different kinds of bulbous leafy vegetables and different row spacings;

5) The disc knife adjustment mechanism, which can be independently adjusted in the front, rear and up and down positions, meets the cutting and harvesting requirements of different vegetables;

6) The cutting profiling system uses sensors to detect the undulation of the ground in real time, and then controls the expansion and contraction of the piston rod of the lifting hydraulic cylinder to ensure the appropriate cutting height of the header.

In a word, this embodiment can realize the mechanized harvesting of bulbous leafy vegetables, solves the problem of inconsistent cutting heights caused by uneven ground, has the advantages of simple and compact structure, stable and reliable transportation, good cutting effect, and high harvesting efficiency, reducing It reduces the damage and cutting waste caused by vegetables, and improves the cleanliness of vegetables.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of self-propelled balling class leaf vegetables cropper, including across crawler body（4）On portal（4-2）With positioned at crawler belt The control loop of chassis side（6）, it is characterised in that：The profiling conveying dress being located on ceding of Taiwan frame is also equipped with the crawler body Put（1）, the front end of the profiling conveying device is located at crawler body front lower place, and rear end extends through portal positioned at track bottom The back upper place of disk；The profiling conveying device contains the horizontal winding waveform conveying that at least two pairings form interval profiling space Band（1-3）With under profiling space and upstream end lags behind waveform conveyer belt input lifts conveyer belt（1-6）, it is described Lower section between the input of waveform conveyer belt and the upstream end for lifting conveyer belt is equipped with disk cutter device（2）.

2. self-propelled balling class leaf vegetables cropper according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Fixed peace on the ceding of Taiwan frame Fill cutting motor（2-3）, and there is the L bracket for highly adjusting long slot bore and front and rear regulation long slot bore respectively by two right-angle surfaces （2-5）The rotatable dise knife of disk cutter device is installed（2-1）, the output shaft of the cutting motor passes through flexible axle（2-2）With institute State the rotating shaft transmission connection of dise knife.

3. self-propelled balling class leaf vegetables cropper according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The rear portion hinge of the ceding of Taiwan frame On crawler body, the portal of the crawler body is equipped with the anterior lifting hydraulic cylinder of lifting ceding of Taiwan frame；The ceding of Taiwan frame Front portion the profiling bar being located under dise knife and the sensor linked with the profiling bar are housed, the signal of the sensor is defeated Go out end by controlling circuit to connect the controlled end of lifting hydraulic cylinder.

4. self-propelled balling class leaf vegetables cropper according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：The profiling conveying device contains There is the feed drive motor being placed on ceding of Taiwan frame, the horizontal output shaft of the feed drive motor is directly with lifting conveyer belt Drive shaft shaft coupling, and be connected by the secondary conveying drive roll with profiling conveyer belt of drive bevel gear.

5. self-propelled balling class leaf vegetables cropper according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：The profiling conveying device contains There are four to match the horizontal winding waveform conveyer belt for forming interval profiling space two-by-two.