CN108575253B

CN108575253B - Deep rhizome crop harvester

Info

Publication number: CN108575253B
Application number: CN201810697999.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨发展; 刘国华; 李维华; 杨云鹏; 王玉玲; 姜芙林
Original assignee: Qingdao University of Technology
Current assignee: Qingdao University of Technology
Priority date: 2018-06-29
Filing date: 2018-06-29
Publication date: 2023-08-22
Anticipated expiration: 2038-06-29
Also published as: CN108575253A

Abstract

The invention relates to a deep rhizome crop harvester which comprises a frame, a transmission device, a deep digging device and a conveying device, wherein the transmission device provides power for a main shaft of the deep digging device so as to enable the main shaft to rotate; the deep digging device also comprises a support frame, a driven shaft, at least one soil ridge cutting mechanism and at least two ditching mechanisms, wherein a main shaft is arranged at the near frame end of the support frame, the near frame end is rotationally connected with the frame, the far frame end of the support frame is provided with the driven shaft, the far frame end is connected with the conveying device, and the soil ridge cutting mechanism is fixed on the driven shaft and rotates along with the driven shaft; each ditching mechanism comprises a large chain wheel, a ditching chain provided with a chain knife and a small chain wheel, wherein the large chain wheel is fixed on the main shaft, the small chain wheel is fixed on the driven shaft, the small chain wheel is driven to rotate through the ditching chain, a soil ridge cutting mechanism is arranged between the small chain wheels of two adjacent ditching mechanisms, and a blade for cutting soil ridges is arranged on the soil ridge cutting mechanism. The invention has good digging quality and high harvesting efficiency.

Description

Deep rhizome crop harvester

Technical Field

The invention relates to a deep rhizome crop harvester, which is particularly suitable for Chinese yam excavation and belongs to the field of mechanical excavation.

Background

In deep rhizome crops, the harvesting difficulty of Chinese yam is high. According to statistics, the current planting scale of the Chinese yam is not increased, but also faces a atrophic field, the main reason is a special growing environment of the Chinese yam, the correlation between the harvesting of the Chinese yam tuberous root and the depth and the loose degree of planting soil and the soil surface layer of the ground and the variety of the Chinese yam is extremely large, the labor intensity of digging and harvesting is extremely large, the digging difficulty is low, the mechanized harvesting level is low, the manual harvesting mode is still adopted in most areas, the digging depth is deep (the digging depth is between 0.8 meter and 1.5 meter), the age of farmers who plant the Chinese yam is generally large, and the Chinese yam industry faces a field where the seeds are not collected by people (the farmers with the age can not bear the labor intensity in digging and harvesting). At present, no device suitable for efficiently harvesting the Chinese yam is formed in the market, so that development of mechanical devices suitable for efficiently harvesting the Chinese yam is urgently needed to solve the current difficulties.

The invention patent publication No. CN106211904A (publication No. 20161214) discloses a Chinese yam harvester, which comprises a frame, wherein a transverse soil conveyor is arranged on the frame, a ditcher is also arranged on the frame, the ditcher is positioned behind the soil conveyor, and a ditcher lifting mechanism is arranged on the frame; a vibrator is arranged at the rear of the ditcher; the soil conveyor can convey most of the soil excavated by the ditcher to the side part, and the vibrator can loosen the soil of the Chinese yam ridge. In the technical scheme, the ditcher can only dig out soil at the position of the chain type digging belt, one chain blade correspondingly digs out a ditch, one ditch is generally dug out respectively at the two sides of the row ridge where the Chinese yam is located, and then the row ridge where the Chinese yam is located is vibrated by the vibrator to loosen the soil, so that the soil surface of the Chinese yam is exposed in the vibration process, and people can collect the Chinese yam more conveniently. The digging area is insufficient, and the digging amount is limited, so that the soil surface of all Chinese yam can not be exposed in the vibration process. Meanwhile, the position of the soil conveyer is fixed on the frame and cannot be changed along with the change of the digging depth and the angle, referring to figure 2 of the specification, when the ditch machine digs deeply, the distance between the soil conveyer and the chain digging belt is far, the dug soil is difficult to fall on the soil conveyer, and the advancing resistance of the harvester is increased.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a deep-rhizome crop harvester which can not only dig deep ditches on two sides of a crop ridge, but also cut off soil below the crop, separate Chinese yam from the soil by a conveying mechanism, has good digging quality and high harvesting efficiency, simultaneously, the soil discharged by a spiral soil discharging mechanism is discharged to two sides, and the spiral soil discharging mechanism is changed along with the change of the direction of a deep digging device, so that the soil discharging effect is good.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

the deep rhizome crop harvester comprises a frame, a transmission device arranged on the frame, a deep digging device and a conveying device for conveying and wrapping crop soil to be harvested, wherein the transmission device transmits power of a rear output shaft of a tractor to a main shaft of the deep digging device; the deep digging device further comprises a support frame, a driven shaft, at least one soil ridge cutting mechanism and at least two ditching mechanisms, wherein the main shaft is arranged at the near frame end of the support frame, the near frame end is rotationally connected with the frame, the driven shaft is arranged at the far frame end of the support frame, the far frame end is connected with the conveying device, and the soil ridge cutting mechanism is fixed on the driven shaft and rotates along with the driven shaft; each ditching mechanism comprises a large chain wheel, a ditching chain with a chain knife and a small chain wheel, wherein the large chain wheel is fixed on the main shaft, the small chain wheel is fixed on the driven shaft, the large chain wheel and the small chain wheel are connected through the ditching chain, a soil ridge cutting mechanism is arranged between the small chain wheels of two adjacent ditching mechanisms, a blade for cutting soil ridges is arranged on the soil ridge cutting mechanism, and the cut soil wrapped by crops to be harvested is led into the conveying device.

More preferably, bearing sleeves are arranged at two ends of the main shaft, the bearing sleeves are fixed on the stand, two earrings are arranged at the end, close to the stand, of the supporting frame, and the earrings are sleeved on the outer wall of the bearing sleeves; the hydraulic support piece is hinged between the support frame and the frame, the included angle between the deep excavation device and the ground is adjusted through the hydraulic support piece, and when the included angle is adjusted, the rotation of the main shaft and the rotation of the support frame are not interfered with each other.

More preferably, the deep excavation device further comprises at least two first tensioning mechanisms, wherein the first tensioning mechanisms are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the trenching mechanisms; the first tensioning mechanism is fixed below the supporting frame; the first tensioning mechanism comprises a tensioning support, a tensioning chain wheel and an adjusting nut, one end of the tensioning support is hinged to the supporting frame, the other end of the tensioning chain wheel is provided with the tensioning chain wheel, the tensioning chain wheel is fixed through a tensioning chain wheel shaft, the tensioning chain wheel is meshed with the ditching chain, the adjusting nut is fixed between the tensioning support and the supporting frame, and the distance between the tensioning support and the supporting frame is adjusted through the adjusting nut, so that the tensioning force of the tensioning chain wheel to the ditching chain is adjusted.

More preferably, a spiral soil discharging mechanism is further arranged on the outer side of each ditching mechanism, the spiral soil discharging mechanism is fixed on the tensioning chain wheel shaft, and the tensioning chain wheel shaft is fixedly connected with the tensioning chain wheel.

More preferably, the chain knife shape on the ditching chain is half cup type, the soil ridge cutting mechanism includes a plurality of transversal cutter group, each transversal cutter group includes two blade groups, the blade interval setting in each blade group and annular distribution in on the driven shaft, the blade of two blade groups in the transversal cutter group is relative and crisscross setting.

More preferably, the support frame comprises a front support part and a rear support part, the front support part is provided with two earrings, the main shaft is arranged between the two earrings and articulates the front support part and the frame through the earrings, the rear support part consists of two telescopic arms with adjustable length, the front ends of the telescopic arms are provided with first transverse through holes, the fastener passes through the through holes to fixedly connect the telescopic arms with the front support part, and the rear ends of the telescopic arms are provided with a slot for accommodating the small sprocket; the main shaft is provided with a second transverse through hole, and the large chain wheel is limited and fixed through the second transverse through hole; when the distance between the two ditching mechanisms is required to be adjusted according to the ridge width, the fixed positions of the two large chain wheels on the corresponding second transverse through holes are adjusted, so that the distance between the two large chain wheels is matched with the ridge width, and the fixed positions of the two telescopic arms on the corresponding first transverse through holes are correspondingly adjusted, so that the distance between the two small chain wheels at the rear ends of the two telescopic arms is equal to the distance between the two large chain wheels.

More preferably, the conveying device is a chain type conveying mechanism, and a conveying belt of the conveying device consists of a plurality of cross bars arranged between two conveying chains at intervals; the motor is used for providing power for the conveying device, and the cut soil ridge is conveyed by the conveyor belt; the conveying device is hinged with the driven shaft through two connecting pieces, the conveying device is fixedly connected with the supporting frame through two telescopic rods with adjustable lengths, the telescopic rods are adjusted, the included angle between the conveying device and the deep tunneling device and the included angle between the conveying device and the ground are changed, soil cut off by the deep tunneling device can enter the conveying device better, in the conveying process, the soil is lifted, partial loose soil falls down from the gap between the cross rods, crops and the soil are separated, and the crops are picked up conveniently.

More preferably, the two connecting pieces are respectively provided with a third transverse through hole, and the fixed positions of the conveying device and the connecting pieces are adjusted through the third transverse through holes, so that the distance adjustment between the two trenching mechanisms is adapted.

More preferably, the motor transmits power to the conveying device through a primary chain transmission mechanism, the primary chain transmission mechanism is fixed on the outer side wall of the conveying device and comprises a primary main chain wheel, a primary transmission chain and a primary secondary chain wheel, the primary main chain wheel is fixed on a transmission shaft of the motor, the primary secondary chain wheel is driven to rotate through the primary transmission chain, and the primary secondary chain wheel is fixed on a rotating shaft of the chain transmission mechanism so as to drive the conveying belt to rotate; the first-stage chain transmission mechanism is internally provided with a second tensioning mechanism which comprises a rotating disc and a rotating wheel, the rotating disc is rotationally connected with the outer side wall of the conveying device and is positioned in the first-stage transmission chain, an arc through groove is formed in the rotating disc by taking a rotating point as a circle center, a locking piece is arranged on the arc through groove, the rotating disc is positioned on the outer side wall through the locking piece, the rotating wheel is rotationally connected with the edge of the rotating disc, and the rotating wheel is in sliding fit with the first-stage transmission chain when the tensioning force needs to be adjusted;

the conveying device comprises a conveying device, and is characterized in that at least one supporting mechanism is arranged on two outer side walls of the conveying device, the supporting mechanism comprises a supporting chain wheel, a supporting rod, a wedge-shaped sliding block, an adjusting screw and a limiting groove, wherein the supporting chain wheel, the supporting rod and the wedge-shaped sliding block are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, the limiting groove is used for accommodating the supporting rod and the wedge-shaped sliding block, the supporting chain wheel is fixed at the upper end part of the supporting rod and meshed with a conveying chain of the chain conveying mechanism, the lower end part of the supporting rod is an inclined surface and is matched with the inclined surface of the wedge-shaped sliding block below, and the adjusting screw penetrates through the side wall of the limiting groove and the end part of the adjusting screw abuts against the wedge-shaped sliding block.

More preferably, a pin shaft is respectively fixed on the side frames at two sides of the frame, the frame is fixed on two fulcrums of a rear axle suspension pull rod of the tractor through the pin shaft, the frame is further provided with a traction unit, the traction unit comprises a pull plate and a sleeve, the upper part and the lower part of the side frames at two sides of the frame are respectively fixed with one pull plate, the other ends of the pull plates are fixed together through the sleeve, and the traction unit is fixed on a traction support of the rear suspension of the tractor.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. the invention is not easy to miss the excavation and damage the crops, has good excavation quality and high harvesting efficiency, improves the adaptability to different varieties of crops, and reduces the damage rate of the crops in the excavation process;

2. the ditching depth and the ditching width can be conveniently adjusted;

3. the included angle between the conveying device and the ground can be adjusted at any time;

4. according to the invention, the spiral soil discharging mechanism rotates to discharge soil dug out by the chain cutters on the ditching chain to two sides, so that the resistance is reduced, and the advancing of the harvester is not influenced;

5. the invention is provided with the soil ridge cutting mechanism, and the blades are distributed in a staggered way, so that the cutting efficiency of the soil ridge is greatly improved;

6. the conveyor belt of the conveying device adopts the cross bars arranged at intervals to form the bamboo-type conveyor belt, which can separate the Chinese yam from the soil and is convenient for the staff to pick up.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a harvester according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a supporting frame according to the present invention;

FIGS. 3-1 and 3-2 are schematic views of a support bracket and a first tensioning mechanism according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a conveyor apparatus according to the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a construction of a ridge cutting mechanism according to the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a second tensioning mechanism and primary chain drive mechanism in accordance with the present invention;

fig. 7 is a schematic view of a supporting mechanism in the present invention.

The reference numerals in the drawings are as follows:

10. a frame; 20. a transmission device; 30. a deep digging device; 40. a conveying device;

11. a pin shaft; 12. pulling a plate; 13. a sleeve;

31. a main shaft; 311. a bearing sleeve; 312. a second transverse through hole;

32. a support frame; 321. a front support part; 3211. ear rings; 322. a telescoping arm; 3221. a first lateral through hole; 3222. slotting; 323. a hinged support;

33. a driven shaft; 34. a ridge cutting mechanism; 341. a transverse cutter set; 3411. a blade set;

35. a trenching mechanism; 351. a large sprocket; 352. a ditching chain; 3521. a chain cutter; 353. a small sprocket;

36. a first tensioning mechanism; 361. tensioning a bracket; 362. tensioning the chain wheel; 363. an adjusting nut; 364. tensioning a sprocket shaft; 37. a spiral soil discharging mechanism; 38. a hydraulic support;

41. a conveyor belt; 42. a conveyor chain; 44. a motor; 48. a connecting piece; 481. a third transverse through hole; 49. a telescopic rod;

410. a second tensioning mechanism; 411. a rotating disc; 412. a rotating wheel; 413. arc through grooves; 414. a locking member;

420. a support mechanism; 421. a support sprocket; 422. a support rod; 423. a wedge-shaped slide block; 424. adjusting a screw; 425. a limit groove;

430. a primary chain transmission mechanism; 431. a primary main sprocket; 432. a primary drive chain; 433. one-stage slave sprocket.

Detailed Description

The invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings and to specific embodiments.

Example 1

Referring to fig. 1 and 5, a deep rhizome crop harvester includes a frame 10, a transmission device 20, a deep digging device 30 and a conveying device 40 for conveying and wrapping crop soil to be harvested, wherein the transmission device 20 transmits power of a rear output shaft of a tractor to a main shaft 31 of the deep digging device 30; the deep tunneling device 30 further comprises a supporting frame 32, a driven shaft 33, at least one ridge cutting mechanism 34, and at least two trenching mechanisms 35 (in this embodiment, two trenching mechanisms 35 and one ridge cutting mechanism 34 are taken as examples), wherein the main shaft 31 is arranged at the near frame end of the supporting frame 32, the near frame end is rotationally connected with the frame 10, the driven shaft 33 is arranged at the far frame end of the supporting frame 32, the conveying device 40 is connected at the far frame end, and the ridge cutting mechanism 34 is fixed on the driven shaft 33 and rotates along with the driven shaft 33; each ditching mechanism 35 comprises a large chain wheel 351, a ditching chain 352 provided with chain cutters 3521 and a small chain wheel 353, wherein the large chain wheel 351 is fixed on the main shaft 31, the small chain wheel 353 is fixed on the driven shaft 33, the large chain wheel 351 and the small chain wheel 353 are connected through the ditching chain 352 to rotate, a soil ridge cutting mechanism 34 is arranged between the small chain wheels 353 of two adjacent ditching mechanisms 35, a blade for cutting soil ridges is arranged on the soil ridge cutting mechanism 34, and the cut soil wrapped by crops to be harvested is led into the conveying device 40.

The chain cutters 3521 on the ditching chain 352 can be half-cup shaped, and the opening directions of two adjacent chain cutters 3521 are staggered, so that the ditching efficiency is high.

Referring to fig. 5, the implementation manner of the ridge cutting mechanism 34 may be: the cutter comprises a plurality of transverse cutter groups 341, each transverse cutter group 341 comprises two cutter groups 3411, the blades in each cutter group 3411 are arranged at intervals and distributed on the driven shaft 33 in a ring shape, and the blades of the two cutter groups 3411 in the transverse cutter groups 341 are opposite and staggered. The implementation mode can greatly improve the cutting efficiency of the soil ridge.

The transmission device 20 transmits the power of the rear output shaft of the tractor to the main shaft 31 of the deep tunneling device 30 by using a transmission mechanism, so that the main shaft 31 rotates, and the technical scheme equivalent to the embodiment also comprises a power generation mechanism, for example, comprising an electric power generation device and a motor, wherein the electric power generation device is used for supplying power to the motor, and the motor is used for directly driving the main shaft 31 to rotate.

In this embodiment, the transmission device 20 provides power for the main shaft 31, so that the main shaft 31 rotates, the main shaft 31 drives the large chain wheel 351 fixed on the main shaft 31, the power is transmitted to the ditching chain 352, the ditching chain 352 drives the chain knife 3521 to move, the soil is excavated out of the ground, the deep excavation device 30 is excavated downwards step by step (the self weight of the deep excavation device 30 and the self weight of the conveying device 40 can be utilized to excavate the soil step by step), meanwhile, the ditching chain 352 transmits the power to the driven shaft 33 through the small chain wheel 353, the soil ridge cutting mechanism 34 on the driven shaft 33 rotates along with the driven shaft 33, the soil ridge cutting mechanism 34 is driven to cut the soil ridge between two channels from the ground while the deep excavation device 30 moves downwards, the soil ridge containing the crop to be harvested in the middle after ditching is cut off from the ground, the cut soil ridge enters the conveying device 40, and the crop to be harvested and the soil can be separated in a mode of lifting, loosening and soil and the like in the conveying process of the conveying device 40.

In this embodiment, the deep tunneling device 30 not only digs channels on two sides of the crop to be harvested, but also cuts from the bottom of the ridge while digging the trench, because the conveying device 40 is adjacent to the ridge cutting mechanism 34, the cut ridge wrapping the crop to be harvested enters the conveying device 40, and the crop to be harvested is separated from the soil by the conveying device 40, so that the operator can pick up the soil conveniently. The harvester of the invention is not easy to miss digging and damage yam in the harvesting process, has good digging quality and high harvesting efficiency.

Example two

In this embodiment, a soil discharging mechanism is added to the technical solution of the first embodiment, so as to prevent the excavated soil from sliding into the trench and affecting the advance of the conveying device 40. Meanwhile, a first tensioning mechanism 36 is added in combination with the soil discharging mechanism, so that the ditching chain 352 is kept in a tensioned state.

Referring to fig. 3-1, 3-2 and 1, the deep tunneling device 30 further includes at least two first tensioning mechanisms 36, which are disposed in one-to-one correspondence with the trenching mechanisms 35; the first tensioning mechanism 36 is fixed below the support 32; the first tensioning mechanism 36 comprises a tensioning bracket 361, a tensioning chain wheel 362 and an adjusting nut 363, one end of the tensioning bracket 361 is hinged to the supporting frame 32, the tensioning chain wheel 362 is arranged at the other end of the tensioning bracket, the tensioning chain wheel 362 is fixed through a tensioning chain wheel shaft 364, the tensioning chain wheel 362 is meshed with the ditching chain 352, the adjusting nut 363 is fixed between the tensioning bracket 361 and the supporting frame 32, and the distance between the tensioning bracket 361 and the supporting frame 32 is adjusted through the adjusting nut 363, so that the tensioning force of the tensioning chain wheel 362 to the ditching chain 352 is adjusted.

Referring to fig. 1, a spiral soil discharging mechanism 37 is further disposed outside each of the trenching mechanisms 35, the spiral soil discharging mechanism 37 is fixed on the tensioning sprocket shaft 364, and the tensioning sprocket shaft 364 is fixedly connected with the tensioning sprocket 362.

The ditching chain 352 transmits power to the tensioning chain wheel shaft 364 through the tensioning chain wheel 362, so that the tensioning chain wheel shaft 364 rotates; the tensioning sprocket shaft 364 drives the spiral soil discharging mechanism 37 connected with the tensioning sprocket shaft to rotate, and the soil dug by the chain cutters 3521 on the ditching chain 352 is discharged to two sides, so that loose soil is prevented from sliding into the ditches, and the advancing of the conveying device 40 is prevented from being influenced.

Example III

The present embodiment may combine with the first embodiment and/or the second embodiment to form a new technical solution, so that the harvester has the following functions: the angle between the ditching chain 352 and the ground in the deep digging device 30 can be adjusted by the hydraulic support 38, the ditching depth can be changed by adjusting the length of the telescopic arm 322, and the ditching width can also be adjusted.

Referring to fig. 2 and 3-1, bearing sleeves 311 are arranged at two ends of the main shaft 31, the bearing sleeves 311 are fixed on the frame 10, two earrings 3211 are arranged at the near frame end of the supporting frame 32, and the earrings 3211 are sleeved on the outer wall of the bearing sleeves 311; a hydraulic support 38 is further hinged between the support 32 and the frame 10, and in this embodiment, a hinge support 323 is disposed above the support 32, and an end of the hydraulic support 38 is hinged to the hinge support 323. The included angle between the deep tunneling device 30 and the ground is adjusted through the hydraulic support 38, and the downward trenching pressure can be applied to the deep tunneling device 30 under the driving of the hydraulic support 38, so that the trenching efficiency is improved. When the angle of the deep-excavation device 30 is adjusted by the bearing bush 311, the rotation of the main shaft 31 and the rotation of the support frame 32 do not interfere with each other.

The support 32 includes a front support 321 and a rear support, the front support 321 is provided with two earrings 3211, the main shaft 31 is disposed between the two earrings 3211 and articulates the front support 321 and the frame 10 through the earrings 3211, the rear support is composed of two telescopic arms 322 with adjustable length, the front end of each telescopic arm 322 is provided with a first transverse through hole 3221, a fastener passes through the first transverse through hole 3221 to fixedly connect the telescopic arm 322 with the front support 321, and the rear end of each telescopic arm 322 is provided with a slot 3222 for accommodating the small sprocket 353; the main shaft 31 is provided with a second transverse through hole 312, and the large chain wheel 351 is fixed and limited by the second transverse through hole 312.

When the distance between the two trenching mechanisms 35 needs to be adjusted according to the ridge width, the fixed positions of the two large chain wheels 351 on the corresponding second transverse through holes 312 are adjusted to match the distance between the two large chain wheels 351 with the ridge width, and the fixed positions of the two telescopic arms 322 on the corresponding first transverse through holes 3221 are correspondingly adjusted at the same time, so that the distance between the two small chain wheels 353 at the rear ends of the two telescopic arms 322 is equal to the distance between the two large chain wheels 351. When the ditching depth needs to be adjusted, the length of the telescopic arm 322 can be changed to adjust, meanwhile, the ditching chain 352 is subjected to chain link increasing operation, and at this time, the ditching chain 352 can be kept in a tensioning state through the first tensioning mechanism 36.

A simple implementation of the telescopic arm 322 is: the telescopic arm 322 comprises a long arm and a short arm, a plurality of bolt holes are formed in the connecting parts of the long arm and the short arm, and the length of the telescopic arm 322 can be adjusted by selecting different bolt holes and then connecting the bolt holes with the bolt.

Example IV

This embodiment shows a preferred implementation of the delivery device 40, which can be applied in combination with the above embodiments. In this embodiment, the ridge is promoted at the conveying in-process, and can separate soil and the crop that waits to receive, makes things convenient for the staff to pick up.

Referring to fig. 4, the conveying device 40 is a chain conveying mechanism, and a conveying belt 41 of the conveying device 40 is composed of a plurality of cross bars arranged between two conveying chains 42 at intervals; the motor 44 provides power for the conveying device 40, and the cut soil ridge is conveyed by the conveyor belt 41; the conveying device 40 is hinged to the driven shaft 33 through two connecting pieces 48, and the conveying device 40 is fixedly connected to the supporting frame 32 through two telescopic rods 49 with adjustable lengths, and if the hinge support 323 is provided, one end of each telescopic rod 49 can be hinged to the hinge support 323; the telescopic rod 49 is adjusted, the included angle between the conveying device 40 and the deep tunneling device 30 and the included angle between the conveying device 40 and the ground are changed, so that soil cut off by the deep tunneling device 30 can enter the conveying device 40 better, in the conveying process, the soil is lifted, partial loose soil falls from the gap between the cross bars, crops to be received, which are wrapped in the soil, are exposed, separation of the crops from the soil is achieved, and the soil is convenient for workers to pick up.

The motor 44 may be a hydraulic motor, and the conveying device 40 uses a hydraulic pump on the farm tractor as a power source, and the hydraulic pump drives the hydraulic motor to rotate through a hydraulic oil path.

The connecting piece 48 is hinged with the driven shaft 33, a bearing sleeve can be arranged on the driven shaft 33, and the connecting piece 48 is sleeved on the outer wall of the bearing sleeve, so that the connecting piece 48 is prevented from increasing the rotation resistance of the driven shaft 33.

Referring to fig. 5, in the present embodiment, the conveying device 40 is hinged to the driven shaft 33 through two connecting members 48, and is generally disposed at two ends of the driven shaft 33, when the ditching width is adjusted, the distance between the two ends of the driven shaft 33 is changed, and correspondingly, the fastening positions of the connecting members 48 and the conveying device 40 must be changed accordingly, so that a third transverse through hole 481 is disposed on each of the two connecting members 48, and the fixing positions of the conveying device 40 and the connecting members 48 are adjusted through the third transverse through hole 481, so as to adapt to the adjustment of the distance between the two ditching mechanisms 35.

Generally, the conveying length of the conveying device 40 is long, and preferably, in order to raise the supporting force of the conveying belt, the tension of the conveying chain 42 is raised, the conveying stability of the conveying chain 42 is ensured, and the second tensioning mechanism 410 and the supporting mechanism 420 are further provided in this embodiment.

Referring to fig. 6, the motor 44 transmits power to the conveying device 40 through a primary chain transmission mechanism 430, the primary chain transmission mechanism 430 is fixed on the outer side wall of the conveying device 40 and comprises a primary main sprocket 431, a primary transmission chain 432 and a primary secondary sprocket 433, the primary main sprocket 431 is fixed on a transmission shaft of the motor 44, the primary secondary sprocket 433 is driven to rotate through the primary transmission chain 432, and the primary secondary sprocket 433 is fixed on a rotating shaft of the chain transmission mechanism, so as to drive the conveying belt 41 to rotate; the primary chain transmission mechanism 430 is further provided with a second tensioning mechanism 410, which comprises a rotating disc 411 and a rotating wheel 412, the rotating disc 411 is rotatably connected with the outer side wall of the conveying device 40 and is positioned in the primary transmission chain 432, an arc-shaped through groove 413 is formed in the rotating disc 411 by taking a rotating point as a circle center, a locking piece 414 is arranged on the arc-shaped through groove 413, the rotating disc 411 is positioned on the outer side wall through the locking piece 414, the rotating wheel 412 is rotatably connected with the edge of the rotating disc 411, and the rotating wheel 412 is in sliding fit with the primary transmission chain 432 when the tensioning force needs to be adjusted; when the tension is adjusted, the locking member 414 is opened, the rotary plate 411 is rotated, and after the adjustment is completed, the locking member 414 is locked, and the rotary plate 411 is fixed.

Referring to fig. 7, at least one supporting mechanism 420 is disposed on each of two outer sidewalls of the conveying device 40, and in this embodiment, two supporting mechanisms 420 are disposed on each of the sidewalls. The supporting mechanism 420 comprises a supporting sprocket 421, a supporting rod 422, a wedge-shaped sliding block 423, an adjusting screw 424 and a limiting groove 425 for accommodating the supporting rod 422 and the wedge-shaped sliding block 423, wherein the supporting sprocket 421 is fixed at the upper end part of the supporting rod 422 and meshed with the conveying chain 42 of the chain conveying mechanism, the lower end part of the supporting rod 422 is an inclined plane and matched with the inclined plane of the wedge-shaped sliding block 423 below, and the adjusting screw 424 penetrates through the side wall of the limiting groove 425 and the end part of the adjusting screw abuts against the wedge-shaped sliding block 423. When the wedge sled 423 moves, the support bar 422 moves up and down, thereby changing the tension exerted by the support sprocket 421 on the conveyor chain 42.

The harvester of the invention can be driven to advance by the tractor, therefore, a connecting mechanism with the tractor needs to be arranged on the frame 10, and the connecting mechanism needs to be matched with a traction mechanism of the tractor. Here, an implementation of the connection mechanism is given: referring to fig. 1, a pin 11 is respectively fixed on two side frames of the frame 10, the frame 10 is fixed on two fulcra (not shown) of a rear axle suspension pull rod of a tractor through the pin 11, the frame 10 is further provided with a traction unit, the traction unit comprises a pull plate 12 and a sleeve 13, the upper portion and the lower portion of the two side frames of the frame 10 are respectively fixed with the pull plate 12, the other ends of the pull plates 12 are fixed together through the sleeve 13, and the traction unit is fixed on a traction support of the rear suspension of the tractor.

The deep-rhizome crop harvester can change the ditching depth by adjusting the length of the telescopic arm 322, so that the deep-rhizome crop harvester can be used for harvesting deep-rhizome crops such as Chinese yam and burdock and can also be used for harvesting crops such as potatoes, taros and onions.

The foregoing description is only illustrative of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and all equivalent structures or equivalent processes or direct or indirect application in other related technical fields are included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a deep rhizome crop harvester, includes frame (10) and locates transmission (20) on frame (10), its characterized in that: the device also comprises a deep digging device (30) and a conveying device (40) for conveying the soil wrapping the crops to be harvested, wherein the transmission device (20) transmits the power of the rear output shaft of the tractor to a main shaft (31) of the deep digging device (30); the deep digging device (30) further comprises a support frame (32), a driven shaft (33), at least one soil ridge cutting mechanism (34) and at least two ditching mechanisms (35), wherein the main shaft (31) is arranged at the near frame end of the support frame (32), the near frame end is rotationally connected with the frame (10), the driven shaft (33) is arranged at the far frame end of the support frame (32), the conveying device (40) is connected at the far frame end, and the soil ridge cutting mechanism (34) is fixed on the driven shaft (33) and rotates along with the driven shaft (33); each ditching mechanism (35) comprises a large chain wheel (351), a ditching chain (352) provided with chain cutters (3521) and a small chain wheel (353), the large chain wheel (351) is fixed on the main shaft (31), the small chain wheel (353) is fixed on the driven shaft (33), the large chain wheel (351) and the small chain wheel (353) are connected through the ditching chain (352), a soil ridge cutting mechanism (34) is arranged between the small chain wheels (353) of two adjacent ditching mechanisms (35), a cutter blade for cutting soil ridges is arranged on the soil ridge cutting mechanism (34), and cut crop soil to be harvested is led into the conveying device (40); bearing sleeves (311) are arranged at two ends of the main shaft (31), the bearing sleeves (311) are fixed on the stand (10), two earrings (3211) are arranged at the end, close to the stand, of the supporting frame (32), and the earrings (3211) are sleeved on the outer wall of the bearing sleeves (311); a hydraulic support piece (38) is hinged between the support frame (32) and the frame (10), the included angle between the deep excavation device (30) and the ground is adjusted through the hydraulic support piece (38), and the rotation of the main shaft (31) and the rotation of the support frame (32) are not interfered with each other during adjustment; the deep excavation device (30) further comprises at least two first tensioning mechanisms (36), which are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the trenching mechanisms (35); the first tensioning mechanism (36) is fixed below the supporting frame (32); the first tensioning mechanism (36) comprises a tensioning support (361), a tensioning chain wheel (362) and an adjusting nut (363), one end of the tensioning support (361) is hinged to the supporting frame (32), the other end of the tensioning chain wheel (362) is arranged, the tensioning chain wheel (362) is fixed through a tensioning chain wheel shaft (364), the tensioning chain wheel (362) is meshed with the ditching chain (352), the adjusting nut (363) is fixed between the tensioning support (361) and the supporting frame (32), and the distance between the tensioning support (361) and the supporting frame (32) is adjusted through the adjusting nut (363), so that the tensioning force of the tensioning chain wheel (362) to the ditching chain (352) is adjusted.

2. A deep-rooted crop harvester as in claim 1 wherein: the outside of each ditching mechanism (35) is also provided with a spiral soil discharging mechanism (37), the spiral soil discharging mechanism (37) is fixed on the tensioning chain wheel shaft (364), and the tensioning chain wheel shaft (364) is fixedly connected with the tensioning chain wheel (362).

3. A deep-rooted crop harvester as in claim 1 wherein: the chain cutters (3521) on the ditching chain (352) are in a semi-cup shape, the soil ridge cutting mechanism (34) comprises a plurality of transverse cutter groups (341), each transverse cutter group (341) comprises two cutter groups (3411), the blades in each cutter group (3411) are arranged at intervals and distributed on the driven shaft (33) in a ring shape, and the blades of the two cutter groups (3411) in the transverse cutter groups (341) are opposite and staggered.

4. A deep-rooted crop harvester as in claim 1 wherein: the support frame (32) comprises a front support part (321) and a rear support part, the front support part (321) is provided with two earrings (3211), the main shaft (31) is arranged between the two earrings (3211) and articulates the front support part (321) and the frame (10) through the earrings (3211), the rear support part is composed of two telescopic arms (322) with adjustable length, the front end of each telescopic arm (322) is provided with a first transverse through hole (3221), a fastener penetrates through the through hole to fixedly connect the telescopic arm (322) with the front support part (321), and the rear end of each telescopic arm (322) is provided with a slot (3222) for accommodating the small sprocket (353); the main shaft (31) is provided with a second transverse through hole (312), and the large chain wheel (351) is fixed in a limiting way through the second transverse through hole (312); when the distance between the two ditching mechanisms (35) is required to be adjusted according to the ridge width, the fixed positions of the two large chain wheels (351) on the corresponding second transverse through holes (312) are adjusted, so that the distance between the two large chain wheels (351) is matched with the ridge width, and meanwhile, the fixed positions of the two telescopic arms (322) on the corresponding first transverse through holes (3221) are correspondingly adjusted, so that the distance between the two small chain wheels (353) at the rear ends of the two telescopic arms (322) is equal to the distance between the two large chain wheels (351).

5. A deep-rooted crop harvester as in claim 1 wherein: the conveying device (40) is a chain type conveying mechanism, and a conveying belt (41) of the conveying device (40) consists of a plurality of cross bars arranged between two conveying chains (42) at intervals; the motor (44) is used for providing power for the conveying device (40), and the cut soil ridge is conveyed by the conveyor belt (41); the conveying device (40) is hinged with the driven shaft (33) through two connecting pieces (48), the conveying device (40) is fixedly connected with the support frame (32) through two telescopic rods (49) with adjustable lengths, the telescopic rods (49) are adjusted, the included angle between the conveying device (40) and the deep excavation device (30) and the included angle between the conveying device (40) and the ground are changed, soil cut off by the deep excavation device (30) can enter the conveying device (40) better, in the conveying process, soil is lifted, partial loose soil falls down from a gap between the cross rods, crops and the soil are separated, and the crops are picked up conveniently.

6. The deep-rooted crop harvester of claim 5, wherein: the two connecting pieces (48) are respectively provided with a third transverse through hole (481), and the fixed positions of the conveying device (40) and the connecting pieces (48) are adjusted through the third transverse through holes (481), so that the distance adjustment between the two trenching mechanisms (35) is adapted.

7. The deep-rooted crop harvester of claim 5, wherein: the motor (44) transmits power to the conveying device (40) through a primary chain transmission mechanism (430), the primary chain transmission mechanism (430) is fixed on the outer side wall of the conveying device (40) and comprises a primary main chain wheel (431), a primary transmission chain (432) and a primary secondary chain wheel (433), the primary main chain wheel (431) is fixed on a transmission shaft of the motor (44), the primary secondary chain wheel (433) is driven to rotate through the primary transmission chain (432), and the primary secondary chain wheel (433) is fixed on a rotating shaft of the chain transmission mechanism, so that the conveying belt (41) is driven to rotate; the first-stage chain transmission mechanism (430) is internally provided with a second tensioning mechanism (410) which comprises a rotating disc (411) and a rotating wheel (412), the rotating disc (411) is rotationally connected with the outer side wall of the conveying device (40) and is positioned in the first-stage transmission chain (432), an arc-shaped through groove (413) is formed in the rotating disc (411) by taking a rotating point as a circle center, a locking piece (414) is arranged on the arc-shaped through groove (413), the rotating disc (411) is positioned on the outer side wall through the locking piece (414), the rotating wheel (412) is rotationally connected with the edge of the rotating disc (411), and the rotating wheel (412) is in sliding fit with the first-stage transmission chain (432) when the tensioning force needs to be adjusted;

the conveying device is characterized in that at least one supporting mechanism (420) is arranged on two outer side walls of the conveying device (40), the supporting mechanism (420) comprises a supporting chain wheel (421), a supporting rod (422), a wedge-shaped sliding block (423) and an adjusting screw (424) which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, and a limiting groove (425) used for accommodating the supporting rod (422) and the wedge-shaped sliding block (423), the supporting chain wheel (421) is fixed to the upper end portion of the supporting rod (422) and meshed with a conveying chain (42) of the chain conveying mechanism, the lower end portion of the supporting rod (422) is an inclined surface and is matched with the inclined surface of the wedge-shaped sliding block (423) below, and the adjusting screw (424) penetrates through the side wall of the limiting groove (425) and the end portion of the adjusting screw abuts against the wedge-shaped sliding block (423).

8. A deep-rooted crop harvester as in claim 1 wherein: the traction device is characterized in that pin shafts (11) are respectively fixed on side frames on two sides of the frame (10), the frame (10) is fixed on two fulcrums of a tractor rear axle suspension pull rod through the pin shafts (11), the frame (10) is further provided with a traction unit, the traction unit comprises a pull plate (12) and a sleeve (13), the upper part and the lower part of the side frames on two sides of the frame (10) are respectively fixed with one pull plate (12), and the other ends of the pull plates (12) are fixed together through the sleeve (13), and the traction unit is fixed on a traction support of the tractor rear suspension.